Fluency FUNdamentalsAshlee Montgomery

Columbia Primary SchoolColumbia, MS

Fluency in Common Core

Reading Foundational SkillsCCSS.ELA-Literacy.RF.K.4 Read emergent-

reader texts with purpose and understanding.

• CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RF.1.4 Read with sufficient accuracy and fluency to support comprehension.• CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RF.1.4b Read grade-level

text orally with accuracy, appropriate rate, and expression on successive readings.

Reading Foundational Skills• CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RF.2.4 Read with

sufficient accuracy and fluency to support comprehension.• CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RF.2.4b Read

grade-level text orally with accuracy, appropriate rate, and expression on successive readings.

Reading Foundational Skills• CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RF.3.4 Read with

sufficient accuracy and fluency to support comprehension.• CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RF.3.4b Read

grade-level prose and poetry orally with accuracy, appropriate rate, and expression on successive readings.

Reading Foundational Skills• CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RF.4.4 Read with sufficient

accuracy and fluency to support comprehension.• CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RF.4.4b Read grade-level

prose and poetry orally with accuracy, appropriate rate, and expression on successive readings.

Reading Foundational Skills• CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RF.5.4 Read with

sufficient accuracy and fluency to support comprehension.• CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RF.5.4b Read

grade-level prose and poetry orally with accuracy, appropriate rate, and expression on successive readings.

What is fluency?Reading with accuracy, appropriate rate, and

expressionReading with automaticity (Blevins, 2001)Effortless word identification (Reutzel and

Cooter, 2012)Correct text phrasing (Reutzel and Cooter,

2012)…freedom from word recognition problems

(Harris and Hodges, 1981)

Teaching Phonics and Word Study by Blevins, Wiley, (2001) Scholastic Professional Books

Phrasing and IntonationRecite the alphabet as a conversation.

ABCD? EFG! HI? JKL. MN? OPQ. RST! UVWX. YZ!

Recite the same sentence using different punctuation.Dogs bark? Dogs bark! Dogs bark.

Practice emphasizing different words in the sentence.I am tired. I am tired. I am tired.

Practice reading like you are talking to a friend.

Fluency and ComprehensionBy reading aloud effortlessly with speed,

accuracy, and proper expression, a fluent reader’s mind is free to focus on comprehension of text (Reutzel and Cooter, 2012).

Fluency is therefore crucial in reading because it provides a much-needed bridge between word recognition and reading comprehension (Reutzel and Cooter, 2012).

Students who are low in fluency may have difficulty getting the meaning of what they read. (National Reading Panel, 2000)

How are you currently teaching fluency?ThinkPairShare

Write your ideas down on one of the posters hanging in the room

Share your ideas with everyone

I, the teacher,…Model reading EVERY DAY!!!Make sure there are appropriate levels for all

my students’ reading abilities.Expect my students to know what fluency is.

Anchor chartSet goals for my students.Give students feedback on their fluency.

PraiseRedirect

Something new for next year…Joke books with microphones

(interviewer/interviewee)Sticky flags (miniature post-its to mark stops)Whisper read to plastic or stuffed animals

"Putting the Fun Back Into Fluency" by: Cahill, Mary Ann, Gregory, Anne E., Reading Teacher, Oct. 2011, Vol. 65, Issue 2

We, the class,…Echo read.

Me, then youChoral read.

All together now“Close” read.

PreviewChunkReread

You, the students,…Buddy read.Read aloud in class. Read aloud in small, guided groups.Perform readers’ theaterRead books independently that fit you.

Use shoes to teach and model choosing “right-fit” books

Fluency across the curriculum

Harriet Tubmanby Eloise Greenfield

Harriet Tubman didn't take no stuffWasn't scared of nothing neither Didn't come in this world to be no slave And wasn't going to stay one either

"Farewell!" she sang to her friends one night

She was mighty sad to leave 'em But she ran away that dark, hot night Ran looking for her freedom She ran to the woods and she ran through

the woods With the slave catchers right behind her And she kept on going till she got to the

North Where those mean men couldn't find her

Nineteen times she went back South

To get three hundred others She ran for her freedom nineteen

times To save Black sisters and brothers Harriet Tubman didn't take no stuff Wasn't scared of nothing neitherDidn't come in this world to be no

slave And didn't stay one either And didn't stay one either

Make it part of your RoutineHomeworkBellringerFluency PoemWish WellPledgeSong

BibliographyBlevins, Wiley Teaching Phonics and Word Study

in the Intermediate Grades Scholastic Professional Books, 2001

Cahill, Mary Ann and Anne E. Gregory “Putting the Fun Back Into Fluency" Reading Teacher, Oct. 2011, Vol. 65, Issue 2

Reutzel, D. Ray and Robert B. Cooter, Jr. Teaching Children to Read: The Teacher Makes the Difference Pearson, 2012