Asian Migration Patterns and TrendsBali Process Ad Hoc Group Workshop on Regional

Protection, Resettlement and Repatriation

Mark Getchell, Regional Representative IOM Canberra

…international movement has become much more diverse both in terms of the forms that it takes and in terms of the people who move. There has been a significant increase in the movement between Asia-Pacific nations but also out of and into the region. Movement is both forced and unforced, documented and undocumented, permanent and non-permanent, work-related and not work-related.

GOVERNANCE AND INSTITUTIONAL ISSUES IN MIGRATION IN ASIA AND THE PACIFIC, Graeme Hugo, Draft Paper for East-West Centre Project on Cross-Border Governance, April 2009

Regional Migration Dynamics

Out Migration (net)

SASI Group (University of Sheffield), Newman (University of Michigan) 2006,Net Immigration

In Migration (net)

SASI Group (University of Sheffield), Newman (University of Michigan) 2006,Net Immigration

Regional impact of International Migration

World: est. 214 million migrants worldwide (3% of global pop.)

Europe hosts largest number of international migrants – est. at 70 mil in 2010

Asia hosts second largest population – est. at 61 mil in 2010

Global refugee stock projected to reach 16.3 million in 2010

Asia expected to host 66% of world refugees (10.9 million) in 2010

Source: Trends in Total Migrant Stock: The 2008 Revision

UN Dept of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division.

Estimated amount of international migrants by major area, 1990-2010 (millions)

0.0

10.0

20.0

30.0

40.0

50.0

60.0

70.0

80.0

Africa Asia Europe Latin Americaand the

Caribbean

NorthernAmerica

Oceana

1990 2000 2010

Source: Trends in Total Migrant Stock: The 2008 Revision

UN Dept of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division.

International Migrant Stock

Major RCPs by Region

There are 13 major RCPs covering migration issues

Cover regional issues in: Europe, Central Asia, North and Central America, South America, Mediterranean, West Africa, Southern Africa, North Africa, Horn of Africa, Asia-Pacific, Middle-East

Most represent origin and destination countries and sometimes transit

Principle Migration Related RCPs

Söderköping Process (a/k/a Cross-Border Cooperation Process) in Central Europe;

Budapest Process in Europe and Central Asia;

Regional Conference on Migration (RCM or Puebla Process) in North and Central America;South American Conference on Migration (SACM);

Mediterranean Transit Migration Dialogue (MTM Dialogue) in Europe and North Africa;

Migration Dialogue in West Africa (MIDWA);

Migration Dialogue in Southern Africa (MIDSA);

Inter-governmental Authority on Development (IGAD) Regional Consultative Process on Migration (IGAD-RCP) in Eastern Africa/Horn of Africa;

Principle Migration Related RCPs (cont’d)

Inter-Governmental Asia-Pacific Consultations on Refugees, Displaced Persons and Migrants (APC);

Ministerial Consultations on Overseas Employment and Contractual Labour for Countries of Origin in Asia (Colombo Process);

Ministerial Consultations on Overseas Employment and Contractual Labour for Countries of Origin and Destination in Asia (Abu Dhabi Dialogue);

Bali Process on People Smuggling, Trafficking in Persons and Related Transnational Crime in the Asia-Pacific region;

Inter-Governmental Consultations on Migration, Asylum and Refugees (IGC) including countries in Europe and North America as well as Australia and New Zealand.

Tools Toward Building Cooperation databases of migration info [IGC, Söderköping Process]; matrixes comparing nat’l legislation on migration issues (e.g.

TiP & smuggling [RCM]; asylum, enforcement, & immigration systems [IGC]);

interactive map for RCP’s participating states to exchange info on the migratory situation in that region [MTM];

model legislation criminalizing people smuggling & TiP [Bali]; good practice guidelines for (i) protection for repatriating child

victims of TiP [RCM], (ii) initial establishment of identity of irregular migrants [Bali], and (iii) voluntary return of irregular migrants [RCM];

training curriculum for labour attachés & overseas employment administrators [Colombo];

checklist of issues to be addressed in the return of irregular migrants [Bali].

IOM Jakarta Irregular Migrant (IM) CaseloadIMs UNDER IOM INDONESIA AUSPICES

As Per 30 APRIL 2010 Sorted By: CITIZENSHIP

LK, 229

AF, 659

SO, 3 TH, 3

KH, 2

DZ, 1SD, 1

MA, 1

BD, 12PK, 14

VN, 33IR, 51

IQ, 186

MM, 60

ASSISTED VOLUNTARY RETURN BY CITIZENSHIIP TOTAL2010

TOTAL2009

GRAND TOTAL

AFGHANISTAN 36 352 833

ANGOLA 0   4

BANGLADESH 0   2

CAMBODIA 2   4

EGYPT 0   1

INDIA 0   4

IRAN 0 13 114

IRAQ 1   92

JORDAN 0   20

MAROCCO 0   1

NEPAL 0   15

PAKISTAN 3 18 125

SAUDI ARABIA 0   2

SIERRA LEONE 2   4

SOMALIA 0   1

SRI LANKA 10 25 131

SYRIA 0   4

THAILAND 0   1

TURKEY 0   17

UNITED ARAB EMIRATES 0   2

VIETNAM 12 5 130

YEMEN 0   3

  66 413 1510

The Role of Assisted Voluntary Return (AVR)

IOM has been implementing AVR programmes for 30 years

In past 10 years IOM AVR programmes have assisted more than 1.4 million migrants return safely to over 160 countries of origin

Targets assistance to unsuccessful asylum seekers, irregular migrants, stranded migrants, victims of trafficking, qualified and skilled nationals to assist in development/reconstruction of home countries

AVR projects currently underway in AHG countries: Australia, Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Indonesia, Sri Lanka

Advantages of AVR

AVR advantages all players on the origin-transit-destination spectrum:

for the migrant it is an humane alternative to deportation; for the country of destination it is more cost effective &

administratively expedient than forced return; for the country of origin, and its bilateral relations with the

country of destination, it is politically more palatable and less sensitive than the forced “deportation” of émigrés whilst significantly facilitating the reintegration of their nationals.

What’s needed

Migration management of existing flows Temporary systems Policies Data

Cooperation: all levels Development assistance Economic development policies (promote

alternatives to migration) Planned resettlement schemes