asian multilingual thesaurus of geosciences introduction

ENGLISH KHMER CHINESE INDONESIAN JAPANESE KOREAN

LAO MALAYSIAN THAI VIETNAMESE FRENCH

Sponsored by

the United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization

and

the French Ministry of Foreign Affairs

With the contributions of:

Cambodia Mr. Hong Bona, Mr. Kong Makara Mineral Resources Development Office General Department of Mineral Resources Ministry of Industry Mines and Energy

China Mr. Qiherige (Qihirag.lee), Dr. Zhang Minghua Division of Information, China Geological Survey

Indonesia Ms. Nenen Adriyani Geological Survey Institute, Indonesia

Japan Dr. Koji Wakita, Ms. Terumi Hasegawa Geological Survey of Japan / AIST

Korea Dr. Jeong Chan Kim Geological and Environmental Hazards Division Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources

Lao PDR Mrs. Chansavath Boupha Mines Information Center, Department of Geology & Mines

Malaysia Mr. Mustafar Bin Hamzah Division of Information Management Minerals and Geoscience Department Malaysia

Thailand Mr. Ekawat Sitthithaworn Mineral Resources Information Center Department of Mineral Resources

Vietnam Mr. Tran Hong Hai, Ms. Pham Thi Nga Center for Information & Archives of Geology Department of Geology and Minerals of Vietnam

CCOP Technical Secretariat

Mr. Chen Shick Pei, Director Ms. Marivic P. Uzarraga, Geodata & Information Manager

CIFEG Mr. Michel Laval, Director Mr. Franois Lyonnais, Information System Manager

2006

Compiled by CCOP and CIFEG. CCOP (Coordinating Committee for Geoscience Programmes in East and Southeast Asia) Thai CC Tower, 24th Flr, Suite 244-245 889, Sathorn Tai Road, Sathorn Bangkok 10120 Thailand Tel: +66 (0) 2 672 3080 / Fax: +66 (0) 2 672 3082 E-mail: [email protected] / Website: http://www.ccop.or.th CIFEG (Centre International pour la Formation et les Echanges en Gosciences) 3, avenue Claude-Guillemin B. P. 36517 45065 Orlans cedex 2 (France) Tl. 33 (0)2 38 64 33 67 / Fax 33 (0)2 38 64 34 72 Website: http://www.cifeg.org Cover Design: Piyawatchara Pramalnrut, CCOP Sylvie Orlyk, CIFEG Copies of this book are not for sale.

Asian Multilingual Thesaurus of Geosciences

TABLE OF CONTENTS Preface ............................................................................................................ v Introduction English .................................................................................................... vii French ..................................................................................................... xiii Khmer ..................................................................................................... xix Chinese ................................................................................................... xxv Indonesian .............................................................................................. xxxi Japanese .................................................................................................. xxxvii Korean .................................................................................................... x1iii Lao .......................................................................................................... 1i Malaysian ............................................................................................... 1v Thai ......................................................................................................... 1xi Vietnamese ............................................................................................. 1xix Main list ......................................................................................................... 1

Asian Multilingual Thesaurus of Geosciences - v -

Preface In 1999, UNESCOs Division of Earth Sciences proposed to develop a regional geo-science information network to assist the national geoscience organizations and institutions in East and Southeast Asia in their access to geoinformation and to facilitate the sharing and exchange of geoscience data. As a result, the eleven countries Cambodia, China, Indonesia, Japan, Rep. of Korea, Lao PDR, Malaysia, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Thailand and Vietnam collaborated to establish the SANGIS Network (South-East Asian Network for a Geological Information System). From 2001 the activities were coordinated by two regional organizations; CCOP (Coordinating Committee for Geoscience Programmes in East and Southeast Asia) whose Technical Secretariat is in Bangkok (Thailand), and CIFEG (International Centre for Training and Exchanges in the Geosciences) based in Orleans (France), with financial support from UNESCO and the French Ministry of Foreign Affairs. The SANGIS Network aimed at the up-grading and harmonisation of existing data management systems in order to stimulate the circulation of data, to facilitate access to information and to promote the creation of an efficient regional geoscientific network. A SANGIS bibliographic database for earth science based on international bibliographic standards to allow and facilitate data research was then developed. In addition, this database was made accessible through the Internet, allowing exchanges of information regionally and internationally. In order to facilitate the data standardisation, the member countries manage their bibliographic data with the use of specific SANGIS software, which contains scientific and geographic keywords for an easier indexing and classification of the scientific papers. These keywords (in English), which are also used to search the SANGIS database through the web, were derived from an existing geoscience thesaurus in several western languages, developed by the International Union of Geological Sciences (IUGS). During the SANGIS implementation period, many member countries encountered difficulties when having to use keywords in English for the bibliographic data management, instead of their own national language. Consequently, the idea of an Asian Multilingual Thesaurus of Geosciences (AMTG), compiling the IUGS Multilingual Thesaurus of Geoscience in the national languages of 9 of the SANGIS network member countries was adopted. After fruitful and successful co-operation between the member countries, the AMTG was realized and made available in digital format on the SANGIS Web site (http://www.ccop.or.th/amtg). UNESCO has also proposed that, together with the digital version, a hard copy version of the AMTG be produced. It is hoped that this Asian Multilingual Thesaurus of Geosciences will effectively contribute to the exchange of data not only between the East and Southeast Asian Countries, but also amongst the entire Earth Sciences scientific community worldwide.

Giuseppe Arduino (UNESCO) Chen Shick Pei (CCOP)

Michel Laval (CIFEG)

Asian Multilingual Thesaurus of Geosciences - vii -

ASIAN MULTILINGUAL THESAURUS OF GEOSCIENCES Introduction

By Mr. Franois Lyonnais, CIFEG. The Asian Multilingual Thesaurus of Geosciences (AMTG) is sponsored by UNESCO and the French Ministry of Foreign Affairs. It is the result of collaboration amongst 9 Member Countries of the SANGIS Programme (Southeast Asian Network for a Geoscience Information System) and was co-ordinated by CCOP (Coordinating Committee for Geoscience Programmes in East and Southeast Asia) and CIFEG (International Center for Training and Exchanges in the Geosciences). The AMTG is based on the Multilingual Thesaurus of Geosciences (MT) of the International Union of Geological Sciences/Commission on the Management and Application of Geoscience Information (IUGS/COGEOINFO) and the International Council for Scientific and Technical Information (ICSTI). This MT was developed by a joint working group (WGMT: Working Group for the Multilingual Thesaurus) with members from both organizations (IUGS/ICSTI). The main aim of the AMTG project is to facilitate data exchanges between the various SANGIS organizations and linguistic groups in the field of Geosciences. A thesaurus is a word list which allows standardising terminology. It is used to assist in indexing and retrieving information of databases. A thesaurus allows terms, related by a similar subject, to be grouped into hierarchies and cross-references to other groups of terms which may be relevant to the subject. It provides the user with a single preferred term to describe a subject and allows terms to be selected at a general or specific level, depending on the level of indexing required. For the principles and the methodology of thesaurus building, please refer to the ISO Guidelines for the establishment and development of monolingual and multilingual thesauri (ISO TC46 SC5, ISO 2788 and 5964). As in other thesauri, the terms in the AMTG are linked together by three types of relationships:

hierarchical relationships, which link some terms to other terms expressing more general and more specific concepts, i.e. broader terms and narrower terms. Hierarchically related terms are grouped under 36 general subdivisions (areas of knowledge or "microthesauri") covered by the AMTG.

For instance the term Homo has for broader term Hominidae and for narrower terms: Homo erectus, Homo habilis, Homo neanderthaliensis and Homo sapiens.

associative relationships, which link terms to similar terms (related terms). In the AMTG, these relationships are established for terms which have the same broader term, for instance: Homo has the following related terms: Australopithecinae and Ramapithecinae.

equivalence relationships, which link "non-preferred" terms to "preferred" terms. This relationship is indicated respectively by the terms "Use for" and "Use". For instance: the non-preferred term "a layer" is linked to the preferred term "crust".

Introduction

Asian Multilingual Thesaurus of Geosciences - viii -

The methodology used for the set up of the AMTG was influenced by the following observations noted in almost all SANGIS Member Countries:

- lack of national thesauri in the field of Geosciences; - regarding the indexing aspect, lack of specific bibliographic methods in the various

documentation centers.

So, contrary to the MT published by IUGS, the AMTG used an "a priori" methodology. The main focus was not to compare concepts and terms in the various languages and to analyse the indexing techniques, but to understand the meaning of English key terms and translate them in each of the member countries national language. Geoscience is a wide and inter-disciplinary field; it was therefore essential to invite a number of experts from various fields of Geosciences for each country, to agree on universally accepted translation of English key terms. CIFEG has developed a search interface which now allows the AMTG to be searched online. This interface is available through CCOP's Website (www.ccop.or.th). Contents The printed version of the AMTG contains 5,867 terms expressed as descriptors or non-descriptors in 11 languages: English (the base reference), Khmer, Chinese, French, Indonesian, Japanese, Korean, Lao, Malaysian, Thai and Vietnamese. As in the MT sponsored by ICSTI and IUGS, the AMTG terms are classified into 36 groups or fields. 20 correspond to the major subdivisions of Geosciences, 11 concern the systematic parts of classification domains such as stratigraphy and fossil groups and 5 distinct fields describe concepts common to all subdivisions (properties, methods, etc.). As previously said, the relationships among the indexing terms are based on the relationships established for the English (Am) language in the MT sponsored by IUGS/COGEOINFO. Broad term narrow term relationships are not expressed in the AMTG; however the Use and Use for relationships have been integrated in the main list of each language. For further explanation about the relationships established for the English language in the MT and the classification schemes of the systematic fields, please refer to the Multilingual Thesaurus of Geosciences, 2nd edition edited by J. Gravesteijn, C. Kortman, R. Potenza and G.N. Rassam and sponsored by IUGS/ICSTI. Presentation The AMTG includes a main list of key terms in English (English language of IUGS Multilingual Thesaurus of Geosciences) as well as several languages of the East and Southeast Asian Region. The main list shows the key terms in the English alphabetical order. Each entry is composed as follows:

a key term in English (Am) preceded by a sequential number and the abbreviation of the field of application.

Introduction

Asian Multilingual Thesaurus of Geosciences - ix -

10 entries corresponding to the various translated languages versions of the printed AMTG are presented in alphabetical order of the English column. The nature of the term from a documentation point of view is indicated (Descriptor or Non-descriptor). As explained previously, whatever the Asian language this part is based on the English (Am) classification:

- if the term is in regular print, it is a descriptor - if the designation is in italics, the term is not a descriptor and is followed by "Use:"

and one or several descriptors indicating (in regular print) the preferred term(s). If several descriptors are assigned, these are separated by a semicolon.

- the non-descriptors related to a descriptor are indicated by "UF:" (Use For).

Below is the full list of the field codes and their explanations according to the IUGS Multilingual Thesaurus of Geosciences: APPL Applied geophysics CHEE Chemical elements CHES Inorganic chemical compounds - systematics COMS Commodities and mineral deposits - systematics ECON Economic geology ENGI Engineering geology ENVI Environmental geology EXTR Extraterrestrial geology EXTS Meteorites and planets - systematics GEOC Geochemistry GEOH Hydrology GEOL General geology IGMS Metamorphic rocks - systematics IGNE Petrology IGNS Igneous rocks - systematics INST Instruments - equipment ISOT Isotopic geochemistry, absolute age, geochronology MARI Marine geology MATH Mathematical geology METH Methods MINE Mineralogy MING Minerals - systematics MISC Miscellaneous ORGS Organic compounds - systematics PALE Paleontology PALS Paleontology - systematics PHCH Physical and chemical properties, processes SEDI Sedimentology and sedimentary petrology SEDS Sedimentary rocks - systematics SOLI Solid Earth geophysics STRA Stratigraphy STRS Stratigraphy units - systematics STRU Structural geology SURF Geomorphology and Quaternary geology SUSS Soils - systematics TEST Textures and structures

Introduction

Asian Multilingual Thesaurus of Geosciences - x -

Contributors to the AMTG database Members of the working group and editors of each language versions included in the AMTG database are: Cambodia

Mr. Hong Bona, Mr. Kong Makara Mineral Resources Development Office, General Department of Mineral Resources Ministry of Industry Mines and Energy, Cambodia

China

Mr. Qiherige (Qihirag.lee), Dr. Zhang Minghua Division of Information, China Geological Survey

Indonesia

Ms. Nenen Adriyani Geological Survey Institute, Indonesia

Japan

Dr. Koji Wakita, Ms. Terumi Hasegawa Geological Survey of Japan / AIST

Korea

Dr. Jeong Chan Kim Geological and Environmental Hazards Division Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources (KIGAM)

Lao PDR

Mrs. Chansavath Boupha Mines Information Center, Department of Geology & Mines, Lao PDR

Malaysia

Mr. Mustafar Bin Hamzah Division of Information Management Minerals and Geoscience Department Malaysia

Thailand

Mr. Ekawat Sitthithaworn Mineral Resources Information Center Department of Mineral Resources (DMR), Thailand

Vietnam

Mr. Tran Hong Hai, Ms. Pham Thi Nga Center for Information & Archives of Geology (CIAG) Department of Geology and Minerals of Vietnam (DGMV)

Introduction

Asian Multilingual Thesaurus of Geosciences - xi -

CCOP Technical Secretariat Mr. Chen Shick Pei Director

Ms. Marivic P. Uzarraga Geodata and Information Management CIFEG

Mr. Michel Laval Director Mr. Franois Lyonnais Information System Manager Bibliography International Organization for Standardization (1974) Norme Internationale ISO 2788,

Documentation - Principes directeurs pour l'tablissement et le dveloppement de thesaurus monolingues. 1re Ed., 13 p., Rf. n : ISO 2788-1974(F).

Derek Austin, Janet Waters (revisers) (1979) ISO TC46 SC5, Guidelines for the establishment and

development of multilingual thesauri - revised text. Bibliographic Systems and Standards Office, the British Library, London WC1E 7DG., 85 p.

American Geological Institute, Crystal S. Palmer, ed. (1986) GeoRef Thesaurus and Guide to

Indexing. 4th Ed., Alexandria, Va., USA, 512 p. Glashoff, H. (1980-1981) The multilingual thesaurus in geology, a switching tool between

bibliographic databases developed by IUGS and ICSI AB. Bull. BRGM, Section IV, No. 3, p. 201-206.

Rassam, G. N., Gravesteijn, J., and Lagarde, E. (1980-1981) A joint international bibliographic

data base in geology: an experiment whose time has come. Bull. BRGM, Section IV, n 3, p. 215-222.

Gravesteijn, J., Kortman, C., Potenza, R., and Rassam, G. N. (1995) Multilingual Thesaurus of

Geosciences. 2nd edition, New York, Pergamon, Information Today, Inc., Medford, NJ, 685 p.

Asian Multilingual Thesaurus of Geosciences - xiii -

ASIAN MULTILINGUAL THESAURUS OF GEOSCIENCES Introduction

Franois Lyonnais, CIFEG. L'Asian Multilingual Thesaurus of Geosciences (AMTG) est soutenu financirement par l'UNESCO et le Ministre franais des Affaires Etrangres (MAE). Ce travail, ralis par 9 pays membres du Programme SANGIS (Southeast Asian Network for a Geoscience Information System), a t coordonn par le CCOP (Coordinating Committee for Geoscience Programmes in East and Southeast Asia) et le CIFEG (Centre International pour la Formation et les Echanges en Gosciences). L'AMTG est un manuel bas sur le Multilingual Thesaurus of Geosciences (MT) et financ par l'International Union of Geological Sciences/Commission on the Management and Application of Geoscience Information (IUGS/COGEOINFO) et l'International Council for Scientific and Technical Information (ICSTI). Ce MT a t dvelopp par un groupe de travail (WGMT : Working Group for the Multilingual Thesaurus) commun aux deux organisations (IUGS/ICSTI). Le but du prsent AMTG est de faciliter l'change de donnes dans le domaine des gosciences, entre les diffrents groupes linguistiques et organisations du rseau SANGIS. Un thesaurus est une liste structure de mots qui permet de standardiser une terminologie. Ceci est utilis pour faciliter l'indexation et la recherche d'informations dans les bases de donnes. Un thesaurus permet aux termes concernant un mme sujet, d'tre regroups en hirarchies et rfrences croises avec d'autres groupes de mots susceptibles d'tre en relation avec ce sujet. Cela fournit l'utilisateur un seul terme prfrentiel pour dcrire un sujet. En fonction de la finesse de l'indexation requise, il permet de slectionner les termes un niveau gnral ou spcifique. Pour plus d'informations sur les principes et la mthode de conception de thesaurus, le lecteur se rfrera au document "ISO Guidelines for the establishment and development of monolingual and multilingual thesauri (ISO TC46 SC5, ISO 2788 and 5964)". Comme dans les autres thesauri, les termes de l'AMTG sont interconnects selon trois types de relations :

relations hirarchiques, qui expriment des rapports de supriorit et de subordination entre les concepts, c'est--dire des termes gnriques et spcifiques. Les termes relis hirarchiquement sont regroups selon les 36 subdivisions gnrales (domaines de connaissance ou "microthesauri") que couvre l'AMTG.

Par exemple, le terme gnrique pour Homo est Hominidae et les termes spcifiques sont : Homo erectus, Homo habilis, Homo neanderthaliensis et Homo sapiens.

relations associatives, qui relient les mots-cls aux termes de notions proches (termes associs). Pour l'AMTG, ces relations sont appliques aux mots-cls ayant le mme terme gnrique.

Par exemple, Homo est associ aux termes : Australopithecinae and Ramapithecinae.

Introduction

Asian Multilingual Thesaurus of Geosciences - xiv -

relations d'quivalence, qui relient les termes "non prfrentiels" aux termes "prfrentiels". Cette relation est indique respectivement par "Use for" et "Use". Par exemple, le terme "couche A" est reli au terme prfrentiel "crote".

La mthodologie utilise pour la mise en place de l'AMTG a t induite par les observations suivantes valables pour la quasi-totalit des pays membres de SANGIS :

- inexistence de thesaurus national dans le domaine des gosciences ; - du point de vue de l'indexation, manque de mthodes bibliographiques spcifiques dans les

divers centres de documentation. Ainsi, contrairement au MT publi par l'IUGS, l'AMTG utilise une mthodologie dite a priori. Le travail principal des participants n'a pas t de comparer les concepts et les termes dans les diffrentes langues, ni d'analyser les techniques d'indexation, mais de comprendre et adopter les concepts reprsents par les mots-cls anglais et les traduire dans leur langue nationale. Les gosciences sont un vaste domaine pluridisciplinaire ; il a donc t ncessaire d'associer et de runir, dans chaque pays, de nombreux experts des diverses spcialits des gosciences afin de s'appuyer sur leur exprience et leurs connaissances pour obtenir des traductions admises par la communaut scientifique. Le CIFEG a dvelopp une interface Internet de consultation de l'AMTG accessible en ligne via le site du CCOP l'adresse www.ccop.or.th. Contenu La version imprime de l'AMTG contient 5 867 termes (descripteurs / non-descripteurs) dans les 11 langues suivantes : anglais (la rfrence de base), cambodgien, chinois, coren, franais, indonsien, japonais, laotien, malais, thalandais et vietnamien. Comme dans le MT financ par l'ICSTI et l'IUGS, les termes de l'AMTG sont regroups en 36 domaines ou champs d'application. 20 d'entre eux correspondent aux subdivisions majeures des Gosciences, 11 concernent la systmatique des domaines de classification tels que la stratigraphie et les groupes fossiles et 5 champs distincts dcrivent les concepts communs toutes les divisions (proprits, mthodes, etc.). Comme indiqu prcdemment, les relations entre les termes d'indexation sont bases sur celles tablies pour la langue anglaise (Am) dans le MT financ par l'IUGS/COGEOINFO. A la diffrence prs que les relations terme gnrique terme spcifique ne figurent pas dans l'AMTG. Cependant, les relations Use et Use for sont prsentes pour chaque langue. Pour de plus amples explications sur les relations retenues pour l'anglais dans le MT et sur les classifications des champs de systmatique, se rfrer au Multilingual Thesaurus of Geosciences, 2nd edition, J. Gravesteijn, C. Kortman, R. Potenza and G.N. Rassam (ed.).

Introduction

Asian Multilingual Thesaurus of Geosciences - xv -

Prsentation L'AMTG est form partir de la liste alphabtique des mots-cls anglais (en fait, la liste du MT de l'IUGS) traduite dans quelques langues nationales de l'Asie de l'Est et du Sud-Est. Chaque ligne de cette liste se prsente comme suit:

un mot-cl en anglais (Am) prcd par un numro squentiel et l'abrviation du champ d'application ;

sa traduction dans les 10 langues. La nature du terme du point de vue documentation est prcise (Descripteur / Non-descripteur). Nous rappelons ici que, quelle que soit la langue, cette partie s'appuie sur la classification anglaise (Am) :

- si le terme en caractres normaux (droits), il s'agit alors d'un descripteur, - si le terme est en caractres italiques, c'est un non-descripteur suivi par "Use:" et un

ou plusieurs descripteurs en criture droite indiquant donc le ou le(s) terme(s) prfrentiel(s). S'il y a plusieurs descripteurs, ils sont spars par un point-virgule.

- la relation "descripteur / non-descripteur" est indique par "UF:" (Use For). Ci-dessous la liste des codes 4 caractres des domaines d'application tels que figurant dans le IUGS Multilingual Thesaurus of Geosciences : APPL Gophysique applique CHEE Elments chimiques CHES Composs chimiques inorganiques COMS Minerais et substances utiles ECON Gtologie ENGI Gologie de l'ingnieur ENVI Environnement EXTR Gologie extraterrestre EXTS Mtorites, plantes GEOC Gochimie GEOH Hydrologie GEOL Gologie gnrale IGMS Roches mtamorphiques - Systmatique IGNE Ptrologie, roches ignes et mtamorphiques IGNS Roches ignes - Systmatique INST Instrumentation - Moyens techniques ISOT Gochimie isotopique, gochronologie MARI Gologie marine MATH Gologie mathmatique METH Mthodologie MINE Minralogie MING Groupes minraux - Noms minraux MISC Termes gnraux ORGS Composs organiques PALE Palontologie PALS Palontologie - Systmatique PHCH Proprits physiques et chimiques, processus

Introduction

Asian Multilingual Thesaurus of Geosciences - xvi -

SEDI Sdimentologie SEDS Roches sdimentaires - Systmatique SOLI Physique du Globe STRA Stratigraphie STRS Stratigraphie - Systmatique STRU Gologie structurale SURF Gomorphologie - Gologie du Quaternaire SUSS Sols - Systmatique TEST Textures et structures Les participants la base de donnes de l'AMTG Les membres du groupe de travail et les correcteurs pour chaque langue de la base de donnes de l'AMTG sont : Cambodge

Mr. Hong Bona, Mr. Kong Makara Mineral Resources Development Office General Department of Mineral Resources Ministry of Industry Mines and Energy, Cambodia

Chine


Core


Indonsie


Japon


Laos

Mrs. Chansavath Boupha Mines Information Center Department of Geology & Mines, Lao PDR

Introduction

Asian Multilingual Thesaurus of Geosciences - xvii -

Malaisie


Thalande

Mr. Ekawat Sitthithaworn Mineral Resources Information Center, Department of Mineral Resources (DMR), Thailand

Vietnam


CCOP Technical Secretariat Mr. Chen Shick Pei Director Ms. Marivic P. Uzarraga Geodata and Information Management CIFEG Mr. Michel Laval Directeur Mr. Franois Lyonnais Ingnieur Systme d'Information Bibliographie International Organization for Standardization (1974) Norme Internationale ISO 2788,

Documentation - Principes directeurs pour l'tablissement et le dveloppement de thesaurus monolingues. 1re Ed., 13 p., Rf. n : ISO 2788-1974(F).

Derek Austin, Janet Waters (revisers) (1979) ISO TC46 SC5, Guidelines for the establishment and

development of multilingual thesauri - revised text. Bibliographic Systems and Standards Office, the British Library, London WC1E 7DG., 85 p.

American Geological Institute, Crystal S. Palmer, ed. (1986) GeoRef Thesaurus and Guide to

Indexing. 4th Ed., Alexandria, Va., USA, 512 p. Glashoff, H. (1980-1981) The multilingual thesaurus in geology, a switching tool between

bibliographic databases developed by IUGS and ICSI AB. Bull. BRGM, Section IV, No. 3, p. 201-206.

Introduction

Asian Multilingual Thesaurus of Geosciences - xviii -

Rassam, G. N., Gravesteijn, J., and Lagarde, E. (1980-1981) A joint international bibliographic data base in geology: an experiment whose time has come. Bull. BRGM, Section IV, n 3, p. 215-222.

Gravesteijn, J., Kortman, C., Potenza, R., and Rassam, G. N. (1995) Multilingual Thesaurus of

Geosciences. 2nd edition, New York, Pergamon, Information Today, Inc., Medford, NJ, 685 p.

Asian Multilingual Thesaurus of Geosciences - xix -

snanuRkmPUKBviTasaRsCaBhuPasanbNaRbeTsenAtMbn;GasuI Garmkfa

snanuRkmPUKBviTasaRsCaPasaCatinRbeTsnImYyenAtMbn;GasuI (AMTG) RtUv)anerobcMeLIgeRkamkar]btmBIGgkar yUeNs (UNESCO) nig RksYgkarbreTsnsaFarNrd)araMg . kargarenHRtUv)aneFIVeLIg edaymankarcUlrYmBIRbeTscMnYn R)aMbYn EdlCasmaCiknbNaRbeTsGasuIGeKy_ sMrab;RbBnBtmanPUKBviTasaRs (SANGIS) nig edaymansRmbsRmYlBI KNkmaFikarsRmbsRmYlsMrab;kmviFIPUKBviTasasenAtMbn;GasIuxagekItnigGeKy_ (CCOP) nig mCmNlGnrCatisMrab;kar bNHbNal nigkarpas;brBtmanPUKBviTasaRs (CIFEG) .

snanuRkmPUKBviTasaRsCaPasaCatinRbeTsnImYyenAtMbn;GasuI (AMTG) RtUv)anerobcMeLIgedayEpkelIsnanuRkm BhuPasanPUKBviTasaRs (MT) rbs;shKmGnrCatinviTasasPUKBviTa KNkmkarTTYlbnkRKb;RKgnigGnuvtBtman PUKBviTasaRs (IUGS/COGEOINFO) nig RkumRbwkSaGnrCatisMrab;BtmanviTasasnigbeckeTs (ICSTI) . snanuRkm BhuPasanPUKBviTasaRsRtUv)anerobcMeLIgedayRkumkargarrYmmYy RkumkargarsMrab;erobcMsnanuRkmBhuPasa edaymansmaCik cUlrYmmkBIGgkarTaMgBIr IUGS/ ICSTI .

eKalbMNgcMbgnkarbegIt AMTG KwedIm,ICYysMrYldl;karpas;brTinnyrvagGgkarepSgrbs; SANGIS nigRkum PasabreTssMrab;visyPUKBviTasaRs .

kRmgevvcnsB KWCabBaIBakmYyEdlmanlkNRsbtambTdannBakbeckeTs . BakbeckeTsTaMgenHRtUv)an ykmkeRbIR)as; edIm,ICaCMnYykgkareroberog nigkarEsVgrkBtmanTinny .

kRmgevvcnsBenH)anpl;nUvBakEdlmanTMnak;TMngeTAnwgBakEdlmannyRsedogKa ehIyEdlRtUv)ancgCaRkumtam zananuRkm nig tamksareyagnRkumBakTaMgLayEdlGacmanlkNTMnak;TMngeTAnwgBakenaH . kRmgevvcnsBenHnwg pl;pgEdrdl;GkeRbIR)as;[)ansal;nUvBakNaEdleKniymeRbI edIm,IBNnaBIRbFanbTmYy nigeFVI[BakTaMgenaHRtUv)aneRCIs erIsykmkeRbItamkMritTUeTA b Cak;lak; edayEpkelIkMritnkareroberogEdltRmUveLIg .

sMrab;eKalkarN_ nigviFIsaRsksagkRmgevvcnsB sUmemIlkarENnaMrbs;GgkarbTdanGnrCati (ISO) sMrab;kar e)aHBum< nigkarbegItkRmgevvcnsBkPasa nigBhuPasa (ISO TC46 SC5, ISO 2788 and 5964) .

dUcmanenAkgkRmgevvcnsBdTeTotEdr BakTaMgGs;enAkg AMTG RtUv)anPab;Ka tamTMnak;TMng 3RbePT - TMnak;TMngtamzananuRkm EdlPab;BakmYycMnYneTAnwgBakmYyepSgeTot edIm,IbBaak;ny[kan;EtCak;lak; nigTUlM

TUlay ]TahrN_ BakmannyTMlMTUlayCag nigBakmannycegtCag BaktamzananuRkmRtUv)anEbgEckCa 36 Rkum visyyl;dwg bkRmgevvcnsBxI EdlmanenAkg AMTG enH . ]TahrN_ Bak Homo sMrab;BakmannyTUlMTUlay Hominidae ehIysMrab;Bakmannycegot Homo Erectus, Homo habilis, Homo neanderthaliensis and Homo sapiens .

- TMnak;TMngCasm

Garmkfa

Asian Multilingual Thesaurus of Geosciences - xx -

viFIsaRsEdleRbIsMrab;bgIt AMTG RtUv)ancab;GarmN_BIbNaRbeTsCasmaCikrbs; SANGIS eday)aneFVIkar kt;sMKal;dUcxageRkam

- kgVHxatnUvsnanuRkmCaPasaCatisMrab;visyPUKBviTasaRs - cMeBaHTidPaBnkareroberog enAmankgVHxatnUvviFIerobTukdak;ksar[)anCak;lak; enAtammCmNltMkl;ksar

nImYy edaypyeTAnwg MT Edl)ane)aHBum

Garmkfa

Asian Multilingual Thesaurus of Geosciences - xxi -

- Bak 10 epSgeTot EdlTak;TgeTAnwgkarbkERbBIPasabreTsmkCaPasakMeNIt sMrab;kare)aHBum< AMTG RtUv )anerobcMtamlMdab;tYGkSrCaPasaGg;eKs . lkNnBakEdl)anmkBITsSnksarRtUv)anbgaj CaBak BNna nigCaBakminEmnBNna . dUcEdl)anBnl;BIxagedImehIyfa karbkERbPasaGVIkedayenAtMbn;GasuI RtUvdak;eTAtamlMdab;tYGkSrCaPasaGg;eKs : - RbsinebIBakFmta KWCaBakBNna - RbsinebIBakenaHsresrCaGkSreRTt KWminEmnCaBakBNnaeT ehIyRtUv)anPab;edayBak Use . Rbsin

ebImanBakBNnamYy beRcIn CaGkSrFmta vaCaBakEdleKniymeRbI . RbsinebImanBakBNnaeRcIn BakTaMgenaHRtUv)anEjkedaysBaa ( ; ) .

- BakminBNna manTMnak;TMngeTAnwgBakBNna RtUv)anPab;edayBak UF (Use For) . bBaIBakkUdsMrab;visynImYy tamlMdab;tYGkSrCaPasaGg;eKs

karBnl;edayGnuelamtamkRmgevvcnsBnPUKBviTasaRsrbs; IUGS mandUcxageRkam - APPL PUKBrUbviTaGnuvtn_ - CHEE FatuKImI - CHES RbBnsmasFatuKImIGsrIrag - yfaRkm - COMS RbBnCMrk TMnij nigEr: - yfaRkm - ECON PUKBsaRsesdkic - ENGI PUKBsaRsvisVkm - ENVI PUKBsaRsbrisan - EXTR PUKBsaRstMbn;dIduHf I - EXTS RbBnGacm_pay nig payRBHeRKaH - yfaRkm - GEOC PUKBKImIviTa - GEOH ClviTa - GEOL PUKBsaRsTUeTA - IGMS RbBnsilabnHPMePIg - IGNE silasaRs - IGNS silaCeRmA - yfaRkm - INST ]bkrN_ - ISOT PUKBKImIviTaGuIsUtUb/ Gayusila/ karsikSalMdab;eBlevlanPUKBsaRs - MARI PUKBsaRssmuRT - MATH PUKBsaRstamKNitviTa - METH viFIsaRs/ rebob - MINE xniCviTa - MING RbBnxniC - yfaRkm - MISC epSg

Garmkfa

Asian Multilingual Thesaurus of Geosciences - xxii -

- ORGS smasFatunsrIrag - yfaRkm - PALE hVsIulviTa - PALS RbBnhVsIulviTa - yfaRkm - PHCH rUbviTa nig lkNKImI/ dMeNIrkarvivtn_ - SEDI karsikSaBIsilakMNkMeTc nig karsikSasilakMeTckMN - SEDS BBYksilakMeTckMN - yfaRkm - SOLI PUKsaRsrUbviTa-EpndI - STRA RsTab;silaviTa - STRS RkumRsTab;silaviTa - yfaRkm - STRU rcnasm

Garmkfa

Asian Multilingual Thesaurus of Geosciences - xxiii -

Lav elakRsI Chansavath Boupha mnImCmNlBtmanEr: nnaykdanPUKBsaRs nigEr: nRbeTsLav

ma:eLsIu elak Mustafar Bin Hamzah mnIkariyalyRKb;RKgBtman naykdanPUKBviTasaRs nigEr: nRbeTsm:aeLsIu

f elak Ekawat Sitthithaworn mnImCmNlBtmanFnFanEr: naykdanFnFanEr: nRbeTsf

evotNam elak Tran Hong Hai, elakRsI Pham Thi Nga mnImCmNlpl;Btman nigksarPUKBsaRs naykdanPUKBsaRs nigEr: nRbeTsevotNam

CCOP

elak Chen Shick Pei naykelxaFikardanbeckeTs elakRsI Marivic P. Uzarraga mnIRKb;RKgBtmanviTa nigTinnyPUKBsaRs

CIFEG

elak Michel Laval nayk elak Franois Lyonais mnIRKb;RKgRbBnBtmanviTa

Asian Multilingual Thesaurus of Geosciences - xxv -

AMTG UNESCO SANGIS 9 CCOPCIFEG

AMTGIUGS/COGEOINFOICSTIMTMTGIUGSICSTIWGMTG

AMTG SANGIS

ISO (ISO TC46 SC5,

ISO 2788 and 5964) AMTG

AMTG 36 Homo Hominidae Homo erectus, Homo habilis, Homo neanderthaliensis and Homo sapiens

AMTG Homo Australopithecinae Ramapithecina

"" "" "Use for" "Use""" A layer"" synonym(s)

AMTG SANGIS -

Asian Multilingual Thesaurus of Geosciences - xxvi -

-

IUGS MTG AMTG AMTG AMTG

CIFEG AMTG CCOP (www.ccop.or.th)

AMTG 11 5867

ICSTI IUGS MTG AMTG 36 20 11 5

IUGS/COGEOINFO MTG AMTG "Use for" "Use"

MTG IUGS/ICSTI J. Gravesteijn, C. Kortman, R. Potenza and G.N. Rassam MTG

AMTG IUGS MTG

AMTG 10 AMTG 10

-

- "Use:"

Asian Multilingual Thesaurus of Geosciences - xxvii -

- "UF:" (Use For )

AMTG IUGS MTG APPL CHEE CHES _ COMS _ ECON ENGI ENVI EXTR EXTS _ GEOC GEOH GEOL IGMS _ IGNE IGNS _ INST _ ISOT MARI MATH METH MINE MING _ MISC ORGS _ PALE PALS _ PHCH SEDI SEDS _ SOLI STRA

Asian Multilingual Thesaurus of Geosciences - xxviii -

STRS _ STRU SURF SUSS _ TEST

AMTG

Hong Bona , Kong Makara

Nenen Adriyani

Koji Wakita Terumi Hasegawa

Jeong Chan Kim

Chansavath Boupha

Mustafar Bin Hamzah

Ekawat Sitthithaworn

Asian Multilingual Thesaurus of Geosciences - xxix -

Tran Hong Hai Ms. Pham Thi Nga

CCOP Chen Shick Pei

Marivic P. Uzarraga CIFEG Michel Laval Mr. Franois Lyonnais

Internationl Organization for Standardization (1974) Norme Internationale ISO 2788, Documentation - Principes directeurs pour l'tablissement et le dveloppement de thesaurus monolingues. 1re Ed., 13 p., Rf. n : ISO 2788-1974(F). Derek Austin, Janet Waters (revisers) (1979) ISO TC46 SC5, Guidelines for the establishment and development of multilingual thesauri - revised text. Bibliographic Systems and Standards Office, the British Library, London WC1E 7DG., 85 p. American Geological Institute, Crystal S. Palmer, ed. (1986) GeoRef Thesaurus and Guide to Indexing. 4th Ed., Alexandria, Va., USA., 512 p. Glashoff, H. (1980/1981) The multilingual thesaurus in geology, a switching tool between bibliographic databases developed by IUGS and ICSI AB. Bull. BRGM., Section IV, No. 3., p. 201-206. Rassam, G. N., Gravesteijn, J., and Lagarde, E. (1980-1981) A joint international bibliographic data base in geology: an experiment whose time has come. Bull. BRGM., Section IV, n. 3., p. 215-222. Gravesteijn, J., Kortman, C., Potenza, R., and Rassam, G. N. (1995) Multilingual Thesaurus of Geosciences 2nd edition., New York., Pergamon., Information Today, Inc., Medford, NJ., 685 p..

Asian Multilingual Thesaurus of Geosciences - xxxi -

THESAURUS ILMU KEBUMIAN MULTIBAHASA ASIA Pendahuluan

Thesaurus Ilmu Kebumian Multibahasa Asia (AMTG) disponsori oleh UNESCO dan Departemen Luar Negeri Perancis. Pekerjaan ini dikerjakan oleh 9 Negara Anggota SANGIS Programme (Southeast Asian Network for a Geoscience Information System) dan dikoordinasikan oleh CCOP (Coordinating Committee for Geoscience Programmes in East and Southeast asia) dan CIFEG (International Center for Training and Exchanges in the Geosciences). AMTG adalah daftar kosa kata yang berdasarkan Multilingual Thesaurus of Geosciences (MT) disponsori oleh the International Union of Geological Sciences/Commission on the Management and Application of Geoscience Information (IUGS/COGEOINFO) and the International Council for Scientific and Technical Information (ICSTI). MT ini dikembangkan oleh sebuah joint working group (WGMT: Working Group for the Multilingual Thesaurus) dari kedua organisasi (IUGS/ICSTI). Tujuan utama proyek AMTG ini adalah untuk memfasilitasi pertukaran data antara berbagai organisasi SANGIS dan kelompok kebahasaan dalam bidang Ilmu Kebumian. Thesaurus adalah daftar kata-kata terstruktur yang dapat menstandarkan terminologi. Thesaurus dapat digunakan untuk membantu pengindeks-an dan me-retrieve informasi dari basis data. Thesaurus memungkinkan istilah-istilah, yang mempunyai subjek sama, dikelompokkan ke dalam hierarki dan referensi silang ke kelompok lain yang mungkin relevan dengan subjeknya. Hal ini memungkinkan pengguna menemukan satu istilah yang menerangkan sebuah subjek dan memungkinkan istilah tersebut dipakai secara umum atau khusus, bergantung pada tingkat pengindeks-an yang diinginkan. Untuk prinsip-prinsip dan metodologi pembuatan thesaurus, silakan merujuk pada ISO Guidelines bagi pengembangan thesaurus monolingual dan multilingual (ISO TC46 SC5, ISO 2788 dan 5964). Seperti pada thesurus lain, istilah-istilah pada AMTG dikaitkan satu sama lain dalam tiga macam hubungan:

hubungan hierarki, yang mengaitkan beberapa istilah pada istilah lainnya yang menggambarkan konsep umum dan spesifik, yaitu istilah yang lebih luas dan lebih sempit. Secara hierarki istilah-istilah terkait dikelompokkan ke dalam 36 subdivisi umum (area pengetahuan atau mikrothesaurus) yang tercakup dalam AMTG. Sebagai contoh istilah Homo mempunyai pengertian luas Hominidae dan dalam pengertian sempit : Homo erectus, Homo habilis, Homo neanderthaliensis dan Homo sapiens.

hubungan asosiatif, yang mengaitkan istilah-istilah pada padanannya (pengertian yang berhubungan). Dalam AMTG, hubungan ini digunakan untuk istilah-istilah yang mempunyai pengertian luas yang sama, contohnya: Homo mempunyai istilah terkait: Australopithecinae dan Ramapithecinae.

Pendahuluan

Asian Multilingual Thesaurus of Geosciences - xxxii -

hubungan ekuivalen, yang mengaitkan istilah non-preferred dan preferred. Hubungan ini diindikasikan dengan istilah Use for dan Use. Contohnya: istilah non-preferred lapisan A dihubungkan dengan istilah preferred kerak.

Metodologi yang digunakan untuk membuat AMTG dipengaruhi oleh pengamatan yang tercatat dalam hampir semua Negara anggota SANGIS.

- kurangnya thesaurus nasional dalam bidang Ilmu Kebumian; - pada aspek pengindeks-an, kurangnya metode bibliografi khusus di berbagai pusat

dokumentasi Jadi, berbeda dengan MT yang diterbitkan oleh IUGS, AMTG menggunakan satu metodologi priori. Ini berarti bahwa pekerjaan utamanya bukan membandingkan konsep dan istilah dalam berbagai bahasa dan menganalisis teknik pengindeks-an, tetapi para peserta berusaha untuk mengerti arti konsepnya dalam istilah kunci bahasa Inggris dan menterjemahkannya ke dalam bahasa nasional masing-masing. Ilmu Kebumian adalah bidang antardisiplin yang luas; hal ini berarti pada masing-masing negara, orang yang bertanggung jawab pada AMTG harus mengundang ahli dari berbagai bidang dalam Ilmu Kebumian untuk meminta nasihatnya dalam menterjemahkan istilah-istilah kunci. CIFEG telah mengembangkan suatu cara dimana sekarang AMTG dapat dicari secara online. Interface ini tersedia melalui Website CCOP (www.ccop.or.th). Isi Versi cetakan AMTG memuat 5.867 istilah yang diekspresikan dalam descriptor atau non-descriptor dalam 11 bahasa: Inggris (acuan dasar), China, Perancis, Indonesia, Jepang, Khmer,Korea, Laos, Malaysia, Thai, dan Vietnam. Seperti halnya MT yang disponsori oleh ICSTI dan IUGS, istilah-istilah AMTG diklasifikasikan ke dalam 36 kelompok atau bidang. 20 berkaitan dengan subdivisi utama Ilmu Kebumian, 11 mengenai sistematika dalam domain klasifikasi seperti stratigrafi dan kelompok fosil dan 5 hal penting yang lazim untuk semua subdivisi (sifat, metode, dll.) Seperti telah disebutkan sebelumnya, hubungan antara istilah-istilah pengindeks-an didasarkan pada hubungan yang dibuat untuk bahasa Inggris Amerika dalam MT yang disponsori oleh IUGS/COGEOINFO. Hubungan pengertian luas-pengertian sempit tidak digambarkan dalam AMTG; namun demikian hubungan Use dan Use for telah diintegrasikan dalam daftar utama masing-masing bahasa. Untuk keterangan lebih lanjut tentang hubungan yang dibuat untuk bahasa Inggris dalam MT dan pola klasifikasi bidang sistematik, silakan mengacu pada Multilingual Thesaurus of Geosciences, Edisi Kedua yang diedit oleh J. Gravesteijn, C. Kortman, R. Potenza dan G.N. Rassam dan disponsori oleh IUGS/ICSTI.

Pendahuluan

Asian Multilingual Thesaurus of Geosciences - xxxiii -

Presentasi AMTG mencakup daftar utama istilah kunci dalam bahasa Inggris (bahasa Inggris Multilingual Thesaurus of Geosciences IUGS) dan juga beberapa bahasa di wilayah Asia. Daftar utama menunjukkan istilah kunci dalam urutan alfabet bahasa Inggris. Setiap entri disusun sebagai berikut:

Istilah kunci dalam bahasa Inggris (Am) didahului oleh nomor urut. Istilah kunci ini diikuti oleh singkatan bidang.

10 entri yang berkaitan dengan bahasa terjemahan pada AMTG cetak dimuat dengan urutan alfabet dalam kolom bahasa Inggris. Istilah secara dokumentasi diindikasikan (Descriptor atau Non-descriptor). Seperti telah dijelaskan sebelumnya, bahasa Asia manapun dalam bagian ini didasarkan pada klasifikasi bahasa Inggris (Am):

- bila istilah dicetak biasa berarti sebagai descriptor - bila dicetak dalam huruf miring, istilah tersebut bukan descriptor dan diikuti oleh Use:

dan satu atau beberapa descriptor yang mengindikasikan (dalam cetak biasa) istilah preferred. Bila beberapa descriptor tampil, akan dipisahkan oleh semikolon.

- non-descriptor yang terkait dengan descriptor ditandai dengan UF: (Use For). Berikut adalah daftar lengkap kode bidang dan keterangannya menurut Multilingual Thesaurus of Geosciences IUGS: APPL Applied geophysics CHEE Chemical elements CHES Inorganic chemical compounds - systematics COMS Commodities and mineral deposits - systematics ECON Economic geology ENGI Engineering geology ENVI Environmental geology EXTR Extraterrestrial geology EXTS Meteorites and planets - systematics GEOC Geochemistry GEOH Hydrology GEOL General geology IGMS Metamorphic rocks - systematics IGNE Petrology IGNS Igneous rocks - systematics INST Instruments - equipment ISOT Isotopic geochemistry, absolute age, geochronology MARI Marine geology MATH Mathematical geology METH Methods MINE Mineralogy MING Minerals - systematics MISC Miscellaneous ORGS Organic compounds - systematics PALE Paleontology PALS Paleontology - systematics

Pendahuluan

Asian Multilingual Thesaurus of Geosciences - xxxiv -

PHCH Physical and chemical properties, processes SEDI Sedimentology and sedimentary petrology SEDS Sedimentary rocks - systematics SOLI Solid Earth geophysics STRA Stratigraphy STRS Stratigraphy units - systematics STRU Structural geology SURF Geomorphology and Quaternary geology SUSS Soils - systematics TEST Textures and structures Kontributor untuk basis data AMTG Anggota working group dan editor bahasa yang tergabung dalam basis data AMTG adalah: Cambodia


China


Indonesia


Japan


Korea


Lao PDR

Mrs. Chansavath Boupha Mines Information Center Department of Geology & Mines, Lao PDR

Pendahuluan

Asian Multilingual Thesaurus of Geosciences - xxxv -

Malaysia


Thailand

Mr. Ekawat Sitthithaworn Mineral Resources Information Center, Department of Mineral Resources (DMR), Thailand

Vietnam


CCOP Technical Secretariat Mr. Chen Shick Pei Director Ms. Marivic P. Uzarraga Geodata and Information Management CIFEG

Mr. Michel Laval Director Mr. Franois Lyonnais Information System Manager

Bibliografi Internationl Organization for Standardization (1974) Norme Internationale ISO 2788, Documentation - Principes directeurs pour l'tablissement et le dveloppement de thesaurus monolingues. 1re Ed., 13 p., Rf. n : ISO 2788-1974(F). Derek Austin, Janet Waters (revisers) (1979) ISO TC46 SC5, Guidelines for the establishment and development of multilingual thesauri - revised text. Bibliographic Systems and Standards Office, the British Library, London WC1E 7DG., 85 p. American Geological Institute, Crystal S. Palmer, ed. (1986) GeoRef Thesaurus and Guide to Indexing. 4th Ed., Alexandria, Va., USA., 512 p. Glashoff, H. (1980/1981) The multilingual thesaurus in geology, a switching tool between bibliographic databases developed by IUGS and ICSI AB. Bull. BRGM., Section IV, No. 3., p. 201-206.

Pendahuluan

Asian Multilingual Thesaurus of Geosciences - xxxvi -

Rassam, G. N., Gravesteijn, J., and Lagarde, E. (1980-1981) A joint international bibliographic data base in geology: an experiment whose time has come. Bull. BRGM., Section IV, n. 3., p. 215-222. Gravesteijn, J., Kortman, C., Potenza, R., and Rassam, G. N. (1995) Multilingual Thesaurus of Geosciences 2nd edition., New York., Pergamon., Information Today, Inc., Medford, NJ., 685 p..

Asian Multilingual Thesaurus of Geosciences - xxxvii -

(AMTG),

, (CCOP)

(CIEFEC)(SANGIS)

9 .

(AMTG), (IUGS)

(COGEOINFO)(ICSTI)

(MT). (MT),

(WGMT).

AMTG , SANGIS

.

, ,

, .

, , ,

. ,

, .

, (ISO

Guideline; ISO TC46, SC5, ISO2788, 5964) .

, , .

,

, . , AMTG

36 . , Homo ,

Hominidae, : Homo erectus, Homo habilis, Homo neanderthaliensis and

Homo sapiens .

. AMTG

Asian Multilingual Thesaurus of Geosciences - xxxviii -

, . , Home

, Australopithecinae Ramapithecinae .

. , Use for Use

. A layer crust

.

AMTG , SANGIS , .

-

- ,

IUGS MT , AMTG , a priori .

, ,

, , .

, ,

. CIFEG , AMTG .

, CCOP .

[ ]

AMTG , 5867 , , , , ,

, , , , , , 11

.

AMTG , ICSTI IUGS MT , 20 ,

11 , 5 36 .

, IUGS/COGEOINFOMT

. , AMTG

. Use, Use for , .

, IUGS/ICSTI , J. Gravesteijn, C.

Kortman, R. Potenza, G.N. Rassam

.

Asian Multilingual Thesaurus of Geosciences - xxxix -

[ ]

AMTG , IUGS ,

. , .

.

, , .

10 .

. , ,

.

- , .

- , . Use ,

.

.

- , UF(Use for).

, IUGS .

APPL

CHEE

CHES

COMS

ECON

ENGI

ENVI

EXTR

EXTS

GEOC

GEOH

GEOL

IGMS

IGNE

IGNS

INST

ISOT , ,

Asian Multilingual Thesaurus of Geosciences - xl -

MARI

MATH

METH

MINE

MING

MISC

ORGS

PALE

PALS

PHCH

SEDI

SEDS

SOLI

STRA

STRS

STRU

SURF

SUSS

TEST

AMTG

AMTG , .

Mr. Hong Bona, Mr. Kong Makara Mineral Resources Development Office, General Department of Mineral Resources

Ministry of Industry Mines and Energy, Cambodia


Asian Multilingual Thesaurus of Geosciences - xli -


,

Dr. Jeong Chan Kim Geological and Environmental Hazards Division

Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources (KIGAM)


Mr. Mustafar Bin Hamzah Division of Information Management

Minerals and Geoscience Department Malaysia

Mr. Ekawat Sitthithaworn Mineral Resources Information Center

Department of Mineral Resources (DMR), Thailand

Mr. Tran Hong Hai, Ms. Pham Thi Nga Center for Information & Archives of Geology (CIAG)

Department of Geology and Minerals of Vietnam (DGMV)

Asian Multilingual Thesaurus of Geosciences - xlii -

CCOP Mr. Chen Shick Pei Director Ms. Marivic P. Uzarraga Geodata and Information Management

CIFEG Mr. Michel Laval Director

Mr. Franois Lyonnais Information System Manager

International Organization for Standardization (1974) Norme Internationale ISO 2788,

Documentation - Principes directeurs pour l'tablissement et le dveloppement de the-

saurus monolingues. 1re Ed., 13 p., Rf. n : ISO 2788-1974(F).

Derek Austin, Janet Waters (revisers) (1979) ISO TC46 SC5, Guidelines for the establish-

ment and development of multilingual thesauri - revised text. Bibliographic Systems and

Standards Office, the British Library, London WC1E 7DG., 85 p.

American Geological Institute, Crystal S. Palmer, ed. (1986) GeoRef Thesaurus and Guide

to Indexing. 4th Ed., Alexandria, Va., USA, 512 p.

Glashoff, H. (1980-1981) The multilingual thesaurus in geology, a switching tool between

bibliographic databases developed by IUGS and ICSI AB. Bull. BRGM, Section IV, No. 3,

p. 201-206.

Rassam, G. N., Gravesteijn, J., and Lagarde, E. (1980-1981) A joint international biblio-

graphic data base in geology: an experiment whose time has come. Bull. BRGM, Section

IV, n 3, p. 215-222.

Gravesteijn, J., Kortman, C., Potenza, R., and Rassam, G. N. (1995) Multilingual Thesaurus

of Geosciences. 2nd edition, New York, Pergamon, Information Today, Inc., Medford, NJ,

685 p.

Asian Multilingual Thesaurus of Geosciences - xliii -

Asian Multilingual Thesaurus of Geosciences

(AMTG) . CCOP( ) CIFEG( ) SANGIS ( ) 9 . AMTG / (IUGS/COGEOINFO) (ICSTI) (MT) . IUGS ICSTI (WGMT: ) . AMTG SANGIS . . . , . , . , (ISO TC46 SC5, ISO 2788 and 5964) .

Asian Multilingual Thesaurus of Geosciences - xliv -

, AMTG 3 :

. AMTG 36 ( ) .

, Homo Hominidae Homo erectus, Homo habilis, Homo neanderthaliensis Homo sapiens .

() . AMTG . , Homo Australopithecinae Ramapithecinae .

. Use for Use . , A .

AMTG SANGIS :

-

-

, IUGS MT AMTG (priori) . . . . AMTG

Asian Multilingual Thesaurus of Geosciences - xlv -

. CIFEG AMTG . CCOP (www.ccop.or.th) .

AMTG 11 5,867 : (), , , , , , , , , . ICSTL IUGS MT AMTG 36 . 20 , 11 , 5 (, ) . IUGS/COGEOINFO MT () . AMTG . , Use Use for . MT , IUGS/ICSTI Gravesteijn, C. Kortman, R. Potenza G.N. Rassam 2 .

AMTG (IUGS ) . . :

Asian Multilingual Thesaurus of Geosciences - xlvi -

() .

AMTG 10 . , , () :

- , .

- , , "Use:" , () . , .

- "UF:" (Use For) .

IUGS : APPL CHEE CHES COMS ECON () ENGI ENVI EXTR EXTS GEOC GEOH GEOL IGMS IGNE IGNS INST - ISOT , , MARI MATH

Asian Multilingual Thesaurus of Geosciences - xlvii -

METH MINE MING MISC ORGS PALE PALS PHCH SEDI SEDS SOLI STRA STRS STRU SURF 4 SUSS TEST

AMTG AMTG () :


Asian Multilingual Thesaurus of Geosciences - xlviii -


Ms. Nenen Adriyani Geological Research and Development Center, Indonesia




Mr. Mustafar Bin Hamzah Division of Information Management Minerals and Geoscience Department of Malaysia

Asian Multilingual Thesaurus of Geosciences - xlix -



CCOP Mr. Chen Shick Pei Director Ms. Marivic P. Uzarraga Geodata and Information Management CIFEG Mr. Michel Laval Director Mr. Franois Lyonnais Information System Manager

Asian Multilingual Thesaurus of Geosciences - l -


Asian Multilingual Thesaurus of Geosciences - li -

(AMTG) UNESCO . 9 SANGIS ( ) CCOP ( ) CIFEG ( ). (MT) / (IUGS/COGEOINFO) . (IUGS/ ICSTI ). AMTG SANGIS . . . , . ISO (ISO TC 46 SCS, ISO 2877 5964). , AMTG 3 : ----- , , :

Asian Multilingual Thesaurus of Geosciences - lii -

. 36 ( ) AMTG. : Homo Hominidae : Homo erectus, Homo habilis, Homo neanderthalientis Homo sapters. , (). AMTG , : Homo : Austrapithecinoe Ramapithecince. , . . a layer crust .

AMTG SANGIS - - , MT IUGS, AMTG Priori , , . , . CIFEG AMTG . Interface CCOP ( www.ccop.or.th )

MTG 5.867 descriptors non-descriptors 11 : ( ), , , , , , , , , . MT ICSTI IUGS, AMTG 36 . 20 , 11 ( Stratigraphy ) , 5 ( , , ).

Asian Multilingual Thesaurus of Geosciences - liii -

, ( ) MT ( IUGS/COGEOINFO ). AMTG , . ( MT ) 2 Gravesteijn, C. Kortman, R. Potenza G.N Rassam IUGS/ICSTI MT .

AMTG l ( MT IUGS ) . . ( ) 10 AMTG . , Descriptor Non descriptor. , , descriptor , Non descriptor Non descriptor descriptor UF () Multilingual Thesaurus of Geosciences IUGS APPL = CHEE =

Asian Multilingual Thesaurus of Geosciences - liv -

CHES = COMS = ECON = ENGI = ENVI = EVTR = EVTS = GEOC = GEOH = GEOL = IGMS = IGNE = IGNS = INST = ISOT = , MARI = MATH = MINE = MING = MISC = ORGS = PALE = PALS = PHCH = SEDI = SEDS = SOLI = Solid Earth STRA =

Asian Multilingual Thesaurus of Geosciences - lv -

TESAURUS MULTILINGUAL GEOSAINS ASIA Pengenalan

Tesaurus Geosains Multilingual Asia (AMTG) ditaja oleh UNESCO dan Kementerian Hal-Ehwal Luar Negeri Peranchis. Ia adalah hasil kerjasama 9 Negara Ahli Program SANGIS (Southeast Asian Network for a Geoscience Information System) dan diselaraskan oleh CCOP (Coordinating Committee for Geoscience Programmes in East and Southeast Asia) dan CIFEG (International Center for Training and Exchanges in the Geosciences). AMTG adalah berdasarkan kepada Multilingual Thesaurus of Geosciences (MT) oleh International Union of Geological Sciences/Commission on the Management and Application of Geoscience Information (IUGS/COGEOINFO) dan the International Council for Scientific and Technical Information (ICSTI). MT ini telah dibangunkan oleh gabungan kumpulan (WGMT: Working Group for the Multilingual Thesaurus) dari kedua-dua organisasi (IUGS/ICSTI). Matlamat utama projek AMTG adalah untuk memudahkan pertukaran data antara berbagai organisasi SANGIS dan kumpulan linguistik dalam bidang Geosains. Tesaurus adalah senarai perkataan yang membolehkan pemiawaian terminologi. Ia digunakan untuk membantu dalam mengindeks dan memperoleh semula maklumat dari pangkalan data. Tesaurus membenarkan istilah-istilah, dihubungkan oleh subjek yang serupa, dikumpul dalam hirarki dan rujukan silang terhadap istilah dari kumpulan lain yang mungkin relevan kepada subjek tersebut. Ia menyediakan kepada pengguna satu istilah terpilih tunggal untuk menjelaskan suatu subjek dan membenarkan istilah-istilah dipilih pada satu aras umum atau khusus, bergantung kepada aras indeks yang diperlukan. Untuk prinsip dan metodologi pembentukan tesaurus, sila rujuk kepada Garis Panduan ISO untuk penubuhan dan pembangunan tesauri monolingual dan multilingual (ISO TC46 SC5, ISO 2788 and 5964). Sebagaimana dalam tesauri lain, istilah-istilah dalam AMTG dikaitkan bersama oleh tiga jenis hubungan;

hubungan hirarki, yang mana mengaitkan setengah istilah kepada istilah yang menerangkan konsep lebih umum dan lebih khusus, iaitu istilah yang lebih luas dan istilah yang lebih sempit. Istilah-istilah yang dihubungkan secara hirarki dikumpulkan di bawah 36 subbahagian umum (bidang pengetahuan atau mikrotesauri) yang diliputi oleh AMTG. Sebagai contoh, istilah Homo mempunyai istilah yang lebih luas iaitu Hominidae dan untuk istilah yang lebih sempit: Homo erectus, Homo habilis, Homo neanderthaliensis dan Homo sapiens.

Hubungan bersekutu, yang mana mengaitkan istilah kepada istilah yang serupa (istilah yang berhubungan). Dalam AMTG, hubungan ini didirikan untuk istilah yang mempunyai istilah lebih luas yang sama, umpamanya: Homo mempunyai istilah yang berhubungan seperti berikut: Australopithecinae dan Ramapithecinae.

Pengenalan

Asian Multilingual Thesaurus of Geosciences - lvi -

Hubungan setara, yang mengaitkan istilah tidak-terpilih kepada istilah terpilih. Hubungan ini masing-masing ditunjukkan oleh istilah Use for dan Use. Sebagai contoh: istilah tidak-terpilih lapisan A dikaitkan kepada istilah terpilih kerak.

Metodologi yang digunakan untuk membentuk AMTG dipengaruhi oleh cerapan-cerapan berikut yang terdapat dalam semua Negara Ahli SANGIS:

- kekurangan tesauri kebangsaan dalam bidang Geosains; - berkaitan dengan aspek pengindeksan, kekurangan kaedah bibliografi khusus dalam

berbagai-bagai pusat maklumat.

Oleh kerana itu, berlawanan dengan MT yang diterbitkan oleh IUGS, AMTG menggunakan satu metodologi a priori. Fokus utama bukanlah untuk membanding konsep dan istilah dalam berbagai bahasa dan untuk menganalisa teknik mengindeks, tetapi untuk memahami makna istilah kunci bahasa Inggeris dan menterjemahkannya ke dalam bahasa kebangsaan negara-negara ahli. Geosains adalah satu bidang antara-disiplin yang luas; oleh itu adalah perlu untuk menjemput pakar-pakar dalam berbagai bidang Geosains bagi setiap negara, untuk bersetuju ke atas terjemahan istilah-itilah Inggeris yang telah diterima secara universal. CIFEG telah membangun satu antara-muka carian di mana membolehkan AMTG dicari secara dalam talian. Antara-muka ini boleh dicapai melalui Laman Web CCOP (www.ccop.or.th). Kandungan AMTG versi bercetak mengandungi 5,867 istilah yang dinyatakan sebagai penghurai atau bukan-penghurai dalam 11 bahasa: Inggeris (rujukan asas), Kemboja, China, Perancis, Indonesia, Jepun, Korea, Laos, Malaysia, Thailand dan Vietnam. Sebagaimana dalam MT yang ditaja oleh ICSTI dan IUGS, istilah-istilah AMTG dikelaskan kepada 36 kumpulan atau bidang. 20 adalah secocok dengan sub-bahagian utama geosains, 11 berkenaan dengan bahagian bersistem domain pengelasan seperti kumpulan statigrafi dan fosil dan 5 bidang yang nyata menghuraikan konsep-konsep yang lazim kepada semua sub-bahagian (sifat, kaeadah dan sebagainya). Sebagaimana diperkatakan sebelum ini, hubungan antara istilah pengindeks didasarkan kepada hubungan yang didirikan untuk bahasa Inggeris (Amerika) dalam MT yang ditaja oleh IUGS/COGEOINFO. Hubungan antara istilah luas istilah sempit tidak dinyatakan dalam AMTG; bagaimanapun hubungan Use dan Use for telah disepadukan dalam senarai utama bagi setiap bahasa. Untuk penjelasan lanjut berkenaan dengan hubungan yang didirikan untuk bahasa Inggeris dalam MT dan skim pengelasan bidang-bidang bersistem, sila rujuk Multilingual Thesaurus of Geosciences, Edisi Kedua diedit oleh J. Gravesteijn, C. Kortman, R. Potenza dan G.N. Rassam dan ditaja oleh IUGS/ICSTI.

Pengenalan

Asian Multilingual Thesaurus of Geosciences - lvii -

Persembahan AMTG menyertakan satu senarai utama istilah kunci dalam bahasa Inggeris (bahasa Inggeris IUGS Multilingual Thesaurus of Geosciences) dan juga beberapa bahasa dalam Rantau Asia dan Asia Tenggara. Senarai utama menunjukkan istilah kunci dalam susanan alfabet Inggeris. Setiap kemasukan digubah sebagaimana berikut:

Satu istilah kunci dalam bahasa Inggeris (Amerika) didahului oleh satu nombor yang berturutan dan diikuti oleh kependekan perkataan bagi bidang aplikasi.

10 kemasukan yang secocok dengan berbagai versi bahasa yang diterjemahkan dalam AMTG bercetak dipersembahkan dalam susunan alfabet kolum bahasa Inggeris. Sifat istilah dari sudut dokumentasi ditunjukkan (Penghurai atau Bukan-penghurai). Sebagaimana dijelaskan sebelum ini, apa jua bahasa Asia, bahagian ini didasarkan kepada pengelasan bahasa Inggeris (Amerika).

- jika istilah dalam cetakan biasa, ia adalah penghurai. - jika pertugasan adalah in italics, istilah adalah bukan satu penghurai dan diikuti oleh

Use: dan satu atau beberapa penghurai menunjukkan (dalam cetakan biasa) istilah terpilih. Jika beberapa penghurai ditugaskan, ini akan dipisahkan oleh semikolon.

- bukan-penghurai yang berhubung dengan penghurai ditunjukkan oleh UF: (Use for).

Di bawah ini adalah senarai penuh kod bidang dan keterangannya mengikut Multilingual Thesaurus of Geosciences IUGS: APPL Geofozik gunaan CHEE Unsur-unsur kimia CHES Sebatian kimia bukan-organik - bersistem COMS Longgokan komoditi dan mineral - bersistem ECON Geologi ekonomi ENGI Geologi kejuruteraan ENVI Geologi alam sekitar EXTR Geologi ekstraterestrial EXTS Planet dan meteorit - bersistem GEOC Geokimia GEOH Hidrologi GEOL Geologi am IGMS Batuan metamorfik - bersistem IGNE Petrologi IGNS Batuan igneous - bersistem INST Radas - peralatan ISOT Geokimia isotropik, usia mutlak, geokronologi MARI Geologi marin MATH Geologi matematik METH Kaedah MINE Mineralogi MING Mineral - bersistem MISC Serbanika

Pengenalan

Asian Multilingual Thesaurus of Geosciences - lviii -

ORGS Sebatian organik - bersistem PALE Paleontolgi PALS Paleontologi - bersistem PHCH Sifat fizikal dan kimia, proses SEDI Sedimentologi dan petrologi sedimentari SEDS Batuan sedimen - bersistem SOLI Geofizik Bumi Pejal STRA Stratigrafi STRS Unit statigrafi STRU Geologi struktur SURF Geomorfologi dan geologi kuaterner SUSS Tanih - bersistem TEST Tekstur dan struktur Penyumbang kepada pangkalan data AMTG Ahli-ahli kumpulan kerja dan editor setiap versi bahasa dalam pangkalan data AMTG ialah: Kemboja

Mr. Hong Bona, En. Kong Makara Mineral Resources Development Office General Department of Mineral Resources Ministry of Industry Mines and Energy, Cambodia

China


Indonesia


Jepun


Korea


Republik Demokratik Rakyat Laos


Pengenalan

Asian Multilingual Thesaurus of Geosciences - lix -

Malaysia


Thailand


Vietnam


Urusetia Teknikal CCOP Mr. Chen Shick Pei Director Ms. Marivic P. Uzarraga

Geodata and Information Management CIFEG

Mr. Michel Laval Director Mr. Franois Lyonnais Information System Manager

Bibliografi Internationl Organization for Standardization (1974) Norme Internationale ISO 2788, Documentation - Principes directeurs pour l'tablissement et le dveloppement de thesaurus monolingues. 1re Ed., 13 p., Rf. n : ISO 2788-1974(F). Derek Austin, Janet Waters (revisers) (1979) ISO TC46 SC5, Guidelines for the establishment and development of multilingual thesauri - revised text. Bibliographic Systems and Standards Office, the British Library, London WC1E 7DG., 85 p. American Geological Institute, Crystal S. Palmer, ed. (1986) GeoRef Thesaurus and Guide to Indexing. 4th Ed., Alexandria, Va., USA., 512 p.

Pengenalan

Asian Multilingual Thesaurus of Geosciences - lx -

Glashoff, H. (1980/1981) The multilingual thesaurus in geology, a switching tool between bibliographic databases developed by IUGS and ICSI AB. Bull. BRGM., Section IV, No. 3., p. 201-206. Rassam, G. N., Gravesteijn, J., and Lagarde, E. (1980-1981) A joint international bibliographic data base in geology: an experiment whose time has come. Bull. BRGM., Section IV, n. 3., p. 215-222. Gravesteijn, J., Kortman, C., Potenza, R., and Rassam, G. N. (1995) Multilingual Thesaurus of Geosciences 2nd edition., New York., Pergamon., Information Today, Inc., Medford, NJ., 685 p..

Asian Multilingual Thesaurus of Geosciences - lxi -

(ASIAN MULTILINGUAL THESAURUS OF GEOSCIENCES: AMTG)

9 SANGIS (Coordinating Committee for Geosciences Programmers in East and Southeast Asia: CCOP) CIFEG(International Center for Training and Exchanges in Geosciences)

The International Union of Geological Sciences/Commission on the Management and Application of Geosciences Information (IUGS/COGEINFO) International Council for Scientific and Technical Information (ICSTI) IUGS ICSTI

ATMG SANGIS

(hierarchy) (cross-reference)

ISO Guidelines for the establishment and development of monolingual and multilingual thesauri (ISO TC46 SC5, ISO 2788 and 5964)

AMTG 3

Asian Multilingual Thesaurus of Geosciences - lxii -

(hierarchical relationships) 36 ( micro thesauri) AMTG Homo Hominidae Homo erectus , Homo habilis , Homo neandethaliensis Homo sapiens

(associative relationships) AMTG Homo Australopithecinae Ramapithecinae

(equivalence relation ships) Use Use for A layer crust

AMTG SANGIS

-

-

IUGS AMTG (keywords) AMTG CIFEG AMTG online www.ccop.or.th

Asian Multilingual Thesaurus of Geosciences - lxiii -

ATMG 5,876 descriptor non-descriptor 11

ICSTI IUGS AMTG 36 20 11 stratigraphy fossil 5

() IUGS/COGEOINFO AMTG Use Use for

The Multilingual Thesaurus of Geosciences, Second edition edited by J.Gravesteijn, C. Kortman, R. Potenza and G.N. Rassam IUGS ICSTI

AMTG (English language of IUGS Multilingual Thesaurus of Geosciences)

()

10 descriptor non-description ()

- descriptor - descriptor Use

descriptor descriptor (semicolon)

- non-descriptor descriptor Uf (Use for)

Asian Multilingual Thesaurus of Geosciences - lxiv -

IUGS Multilingual Thesaurus of Geosciences.

APPL Applied geophysics CHEE Chemical elements CHES Inorganic chemical compounds-systematic - COMS Commodities and mineral deposits-systematics - ECON Economic geology ENGI Engineering geology ENVI Environmental geology EXTR Extraterrestrial geology EXTS Meteorites and planets-systematic - GEOC Geochemistry GEOH Hydrology GEOL General geology IGMS Metamorphic rocks- systematic - IGNE Petrology IGNS Igneous rocks-systematics - INST Instruments-equipment - ISOT Isotopic geochemistry, absolute age, geochronology

MARI Marine geology MATH Mathematical geology METH Method MINE Mineralogy MING Minerals systematics MISC Miscellaneous ORGS Organic compounds systematices - PALE Paleontology - PALS Paleontology systematics PHCH Physical and chemical properties, processes

SEDI Sedimentology and sedimentary petrology SEDS Sedimentary rocks systematics

Asian Multilingual Thesaurus of Geosciences - lxv -

SOLI Solid Earth geophysics STRA Stratigraphy STRS Stratigraphy units systematics STRU Structural geology SURF Geomorphology and Quaternary geology

SUSS Soils- systematics TEST Textures and structures

AMTG database AMTG database . . .

Asian Multilingual Thesaurus of Geosciences - lxvi -

CCOP CIFEG

Asian Multilingual Thesaurus of Geosciences - lxvii -


Asian Multilingual Thesaurus of Geosciences - lxix -

Thesaurus Khoa hc a cht a ng Chu M u

Thesaurus Khoa hc a cht a ng chu (AMTG) c bo tr bi UNESCO v B Ngoi giao Php. Cng trnh l kt ca ca s hp tc ca 9 nc thnh vin chng trnh SANGIS (Mng li cc h thng Thng tin Khoa hc a cht ng Nam ) v c iu phi bi CCOP (y ban iu phi cc Chng trnh Khoa hc a cht ng v ng Nam ) v CIFEG (Trung tm Quc t v o to v Trao i Khoa hc a cht). AMTG c da trn Thesaurus Khoa hc a cht a ng (MT) ca Hi a cht Quc t/y ban v Qun l v ng dng Thng tin Khoa hc a cht (IUGS/COGEOINFO) v Hi ng Thng tin Khoa hc K thut Quc t (ICSTI). B MT ny c pht trin bi mt nhm cng tc lin hp (WGMT: Nhm cng tc v Thesaurus a ng) ca hai c quan (IUGS/ICSTI). Mc tiu chnh ca n AMTG l lm d dng cc trao i d liu gia cc t chc v cc nhm ngn ng khc nhau trong lnh vc khoa hc a cht. Thesaurus l mt danh sch cc t c cu trc cho php chun ha thut ng, c s dng h tr trong vic lp ch dn v tm kim thng tin trong c s d liu. Mt thesaurus cho php cc thut ng, lin quan ti mt ch tng t, c nhm li trong mt cu trc phn cp v tham chiu cho n cc nhm thut ng khc m chng c th thch hp vi ch . N cung cp cho ngi dng mt thut ng u tin n m t ch v cho php cc thut ng c chn mt mc tng qut hoc xc nh ty thuc vo mc yu cu ca vic lp ch dn. V cc nguyn l v phng php hc trong vic xy dng thesaurus xin mi tham kho ISO Guidelines - Hng dn vic xy dng v pht trin cc thesaurus a ng v n ng (ISO TC46 SC5, ISO 2788 v 5964). Cng nh trong cc thesaurus khc, cc thut ng trong AMTG c lin kt vi nhau bi ba kiu quan h:

cc mi quan h phn cp, lin kt mt s thut ng vi cc thut ng khc nhm biu din nhng khi nim tng qut hn v c th hn, ngha l cc thut ng rng hn v cc thut ng hp hn. Mt cch phn cp, cc thut ng lin quan trong AMTG c nhm li thnh 36 nhm tng qut (cc lnh vc tri thc hoc "microthesauri"). Chng hn thut ng Homo c thut ng rng hn l Hominidae v cc thut ng hp hn l: Homo erectus, Homo habilis, Homo neanderthaliensis v Homo sapiens.

cc mi quan h kt hp, lin kt cc thut ng vi cc thut ng tng t (cc thut ng lin quan). Trong AMTG, cc mi quan h ny c thit lp cho cc thut ng m chng c cng thut ng rng hn, chng hn Homo c cc tht ng lin quan: Australopithecinae v Ramapithecinae.

cc mi quan h tng ng, lin kt cc thut ng "khng u tin" vi cc thut ng "u tin". Mi quan h ny c ch nh tng ng bi thut ng "Use for" ("Dng cho") v

M u

Asian Multilingual Thesaurus of Geosciences - lxx -

"Use" ("S dng"). Chng hn: Thut ng khng u tin "lp A" c lin kt n thut ng u tin "v tri t".

Phng php lun s dng xy dng AMTG l da trn cc quan st sau y, c ch ra ti hu ht cc nc thnh vin SANGIS:

- thiu cc b thesaurus quc gia trong lnh vc khoa hc a cht; - v mt lp ch dn, thiu cc phng php th mc xc nh trong cc trung tm t liu.

V th, khng ging nh MT do IUGS xut bn, AMTG s dng mt phng php "u tin". Ngha l cng vic chnh khng phi l so snh cc khi nim v thut ng trong cc ngn ng khc nhau cng nh cc k thut lp ch dn m l cc thnh vin tham gia c gng hiu r ng ngha ca khi nim trong cc thut ng kha ting Anh v dch n sang ngn ng quc gia ca mnh. Khoa hc a cht l mt lnh vc a phm tr; iu dn n vic mi nc, ngi chu trch nhim ca d n AMTG phi mi c cc chuyn gia t cc lnh vc khc nhau ca Khoa hc a cht tp hp cc kin ca h trong vic dch cc t kha ting Anh. CIFEG pht trin mt giao din tm kim v hin nay cho php AMTG c th c tra cu trc tuyn. Giao din ny sn sng trn trang Web ca CCOP (www.ccop.or.th). Ni dung Bn in ca AMTG bao gm 5.867 thut ng biu din nh cc k hiu m t hoc khng phi k hiu m t trong 11 ngn ng: Ting Anh (tham chiu c s), ting Khmer, ting Trung, ting Php, ting Indonesia, ting Nht, ting Hn, ting Lo, ting Malai, ting Thi v ting Vit. Ging nh trong b MT ca ICSTI v IUGS, cc thut ng ca AMTG c phn lp thnh 36 nhm hoc lnh vc. 20 tng ng vi cc chuyn ngnh chnh ca Khoa hc a cht , 11 lin quan n cc phn c tnh h thng nh a tng hc v ha thch v 5 lnh vc phn bit m t cc khi nim chung cho tt c cc chuyn ngnh (cc c tnh, cc phng php, ...). Nh ni trn, cc mi quan h trong cc thut ng ch dn l da trn cc mi quan h c thit lp cho ting Anh (M) trong b MT ca IUGS/COGEOINFO. Cc mi quan h thut ng rng - thut ng hp khng c biu din trong AMTG; Tuy nhin cc mi quan h Use (S dng) v Use for (Dng cho) c tch hp trong danh sch chnh ca mi ngn ng. Cc gii thch chi tit hn v cc mi quan h c thit lp cho phn ting Anh trong b MT v s phn lp cc lnh vc h thng xin tham kho Thesaurus Khoa hc a cht a ng (MT), xut bn ln th 2 do J. Gravesteijn, C. Kortman, R. Potenza and G.N. Rassam bin son v c IUGS/ICSTI bo tr.

M u

Asian Multilingual Thesaurus of Geosciences - lxxi -

Trnh by B AMTG bao gm mt danh sch chnh cc thut ng kha ting Anh (Ting Anh ca Thesaurus Khoa hc a cht a ng ca IUGS) cng vi mt s ngn ng trong khu vc chu . Danh sch chnh trnh by cc thut ng kha theo trt t bng ch ci ting Anh. Mi mt mc t bao gm:

Mt thut ng kha ting Anh (M) c bt u bi mt s th t v t vit tt v lnh vc ng dng

10 mc t tng ng vi cc phin bn ngn ng c dch khc nhau ca bn in AMTG c trnh by theo trt t bng ch ci trong ct ting Anh. Bn cht thut ng theo quan im t liu c biu th (Descriptor hoc Non-descriptor). Nh gii thch trn, phn ny ca bt k ngn ng chu no c da trn phn loi ca ting Anh (M):

- nu thut ng c in bnh thng th n l descriptor - nu nh danh dng ch nghing th thut ng khng phi l descriptor v c

tip theo bi "Use:" v mt hoc mt s descriptors biu th ( dng in thng) thut ng hoc cc thut ng u tin. Nu c mt s descriptors c gn th chng c phn bit bi du chm phy.

- cc non-descriptors lin quan n mt descriptor c biu th bi "UF:" (Use for). Di y l danh sch y m cc lnh vc v gii thch ca chng theo Thesaurus Khoa hc a cht a ng ca IUGS: APPL Applied geophysics - a Vt l ng dng CHEE Chemical elements - Cc nguyn t ha hc CHES Inorganic chemical compounds - systematics - Thnh phn ha hc v c - phn loi COMS Commodities and mineral deposits - systematics - Cc thng phm v m khong sn - phn loi ECON Economic geology - Kinh t a cht ENGI Engineering geology - a cht cng trnh ENVI Environmental geology - a cht mi trng EXTR Extraterrestrial geology - a cht ngoi tri t EXTS Meteorites and planets - systematics - Cc hnh tinh v cc thin thch - phn loi GEOC Geochemistry - a ha GEOH Hydrology - Thy vn GEOL General geology - a cht i cng IGMS Metamorphic rocks - systematics - bin cht - phn loi IGNE Petrology - Thch lun IGNS Igneous rocks - systematics - Cc magma - phn loi INST Instruments - equipment - Dng c o v thit b ISOT Isotopic geochemistry, absolute age, geochronology - a ha ng v, tui tuyt i, a nin biu MARI Marine geology - a cht bin MATH Mathematical geology - a cht ton hc METH Methods - Cc phng php MINE Mineralogy - Khong vt hc

M u

Asian Multilingual Thesaurus of Geosciences - lxxii -

MING Minerals - systematics - Khong sn - phn loi MISC Miscellaneous - khc (thut ng chung) ORGS Organic compounds - systematics - Thnh phn hu c - phn loi PALE Paleontology - C sinh hc PALS Paleontology - systematics - C sinh hc - phn loi PHCH Physical and chemical properties, processes - c tnh l ha, cc qu trnh SEDI Sedimentology and sedimentary petrology - Trm tch lun v thch hc trm tch SEDS Sedimentary rocks - systematics - trm tch - phn loi SOLI Solid Earth geophysics - a vt l thch quyn STRA Stratigraphy - a tng STRS Stratigraphy units - systematics - Cc phn v a tng - phn loi STRU Structural geology - a cht cu trc SURF Geomorphology and Quaternary geology - a mo v a cht t SUSS Soils - systematics - Cc loi t - phn loi TEST Textures and structures - Cc kin trc v cu trc Nhng ngi tham gia vo c s d liu AMTG Cc thnh vin ca nhm cng tc v cc bin tp vin phin bn tng ngn ng tch hp trong c s d liu AMTG l: Cmpuchia

Mr. Hong Bona, Mr. Kong Makara C quan Pht trin Khong sn Tng cc Khong sn B Cng nghip M v Nng lng Cmpuchia

Trung Quc

Mr. Qiherige (Qihirag.lee), Dr. Zhang Minghua Phng Thng tin, Cc a cht Trung Quc

Indonesia

Ms. Nenen Adriyani Trung tm Nghin cu v Pht trin a cht, Indonesia

Nht Bn

Dr. Koji Wakita, Ms. Terumi Hasegawa Cc a cht Nht Bn / AIST

Hn Quc

Dr. Jeong Chan Kim Phng Tai bin a cht v Mi trng Vin Khoa hc a cht v Khong sn Hn Quc (KIGAM)

M u

Asian Multilingual Thesaurus of Geosciences - lxxiii -

CHDCND Lo

Mrs. Chansavath Boupha Trung tm Thng tin M, Cc a cht v M CHDCND Lo

Malaysia

Mr. Mustafar Bin Hamzah Trung tm Thng tin Cc a cht v Khong sn Malaysia

Thailand

Mr. Ekawat Sitthithaworn Trung tm Thng tin Khong sn Cc Khong sn (DMR), Thailand

Vit Nam

Mr. Trn Hng Hi, Ms. Phm Th Nga Trung tm Thng tin Lu tr a cht (CIAG) Cc a cht v Khong sn Vit Nam (DGMV)

Ban Th k K thut CCOP Mr. Chen Shick Pei Gim c Ms. Marivic P. Uzarraga Qun l Thng tin v D liu a cht CIFEG Mr. Michel Laval Gim c Mr. Franois Lyonnais Qun l H thng Thng tin Th mc T chc Chun ha Quc t (1974). Chun quc t ISO 2788, T liu - Nhng nguyn l ch o

trong vic xy dng v pht trin thesaurus n ng. Xutt bn ln th nht, 13 p., Rf. n : ISO 2788-1974(F).

Derek Austin, Janet Waters (revisers) (1979). ISO TC46 SC5, Hng dn xy dng v pht trin

cc thesaurus a ng - bn cp nht. Vn phng cc H thng Th mc v Chun, Th vin Anh, London WC1E 7DG., 85 p.

M u

Asian Multilingual Thesaurus of Geosciences - lxxiv -

Vin a cht M, Crystal S. Palmer, ed. (1986) Thesaurus Tham chiu a cht v hng dn lp

ch dn. Xut bn ln th 4, Alexandria, Va., USA., 512 p. Glashoff, H. (1980/1981) Thesaurus a ng a cht, mt cng c chuyn mch gia cc c s d

liu th mc do IUGS v ICSI AB pht trin. Bull. BRGM., Section IV, No.3., p.201-206. Rassam, G. N., Gravesteijn, J., v Lagarde, E. (1980-1981) Mt c s d liu th mc quc t lin

hp trong lnh vc a cht: Mt th nghim ng lc. Bull. BRGM., Section IV, n. 3., p. 215-222.

Gravesteijn, J., Kortman, C., Potenza, R., v Rassam, G. N. (1995) Thesaurus Khoa hc a cht

a ng. Xut bn ln th 2., New York., Pergamon., Information Today, Inc., Medford, NJ., 685 p..

Ngi dch: Trn Hng Hi

Bin tp v hiu nh: TS Nguyn Thnh Vn

Asian Multilingual Thesaurus of Geosciences - 1

Main List

English Khmer Chinese Indonesian Japanese1 SOLI A layer

Use: crustRsTab;Use: sMbkEpndI/RsTab;

A Use:

lapisan AUse: kerak

AUse:

2 IGNE aa lava kMEGPMePIg lava aa

3 STRS Aalenian GaeLnI A AalenianSynonym(s): Jenjang Aalen

4 ECON abandoned mine GNgEr:Edl)anTukecal pertambangan yang ditinggalkan

5 SURF ablation karrlay/ sMNwk Synonym(s): ,

ablasiSynonym(s): penyepukan, sepukan

6 SURF abrasionUF: abrasion coast; attrition; abrasion surface

sMNwk/ karswkrikrilUF: karswkricrilneqr/ kareFVIeGayricrilbnicmg/ karswkricrilnpxagelI

UF: ; ; Synonym(s): ,

abrasiUF: atrisi; permukaan abrasi; pantai abrasiSynonym(s): pengikisan, pelelasan, lelasan

UF: ; ;

7 SURF abrasion coastUse: abrasion; coastlines

karswkricrilneqrUse: sMNwk/ karswkrikril/ mat;smuRT

Use: ;

pantai abrasiUse: abrasi; garis pantaiSynonym(s): pantai lelas

Use: ;

8 SURF abrasion surfaceUse: abrasion

karswkricrilnpxagelIUse: sMNwk/ karswkrikril

Use: Synonym(s):

permukaan abrasiUse: abrasi

Use:

9 COMS abrasives EdleFVIeGayswk Synonym(s):

ampelasSynonym(s): penggosok

10 IGNS absarokite Gab;sar:UkIt Synonym(s):

absarokit

11 ISOT absolute ageUF: dating

Gayukaldac;xatUF: karkMNt;kal

UF:

umur mutlakUF: penarikhan

UF:

12 SOLI absolute gravityUse: gravity field

Tmnajdac;xatUse: Ednma:ej:Tic

Use:

gaya berat mutlakUse: lapangan gaya berat

Use:

13 COMS absorbent materialsUF: bleaching clay

sarFatuEdlGacRsUb)anUF: dI\ds

UF:

material penyerapUF: lempung pemudarSynonym(s): bahan penyerap/pengisap

UF:

14 PHCH absorptionUF: capillary percolation

karRCabrWRsUbUF: karRtgsrsQamtUc

()UF:

absorpsiUF: penyaringan kapilerSynonym(s): penyerapan, pengisapan

UF:

15 PHCH absorption spectra BnWEdlRsUbcUl () spektrum absorpsi 16 METH absorption spectroscopy ]bkrN_viPaKBnWEdlRsUbcUl spektroskopi absorpsi 17 MATH abundance PaBsMbUrEbb/ eRcInelIslb; kelimpahan

18 GEOL abyssal n)atsmuRTrWnTIeRCAhYsRbmaN Synonym(s):

abisalSynonym(s): tubir, laut dalam

Asian Multilingual Thesaurus of Geosciences - 2 -

Korean Lao Malaysian Thai Vietnamese FrenchAUse:

- A

Use:

lapisan AUse: kerak

Use: Synonym(s):

lp AUse: v Tri t

couche AUse: crote terrestre

---- aa lava aa Synonym(s):

dung nham dng tng lave aa

Aalenan Aalen Aalnien

lombong tinggal m b mine abandonne

Synonym(s):

-- ablasi Synonym(s):

tan mn ablation

UF: ; ; Synonym(s):

--

UF: ------;

; -

----

lelasanUF: lelasan pantai; atrisi; permukaan lelasanSynonym(s): pelelasan

UF: ; ;

mi mnUF: b bin mi mn; bo mn; b mt mi mn

abrasionUF: cte abrasion; attrition; surface abrasion

Use: ;

------

Use: --;

lelasan pantaiUse: lelasan; garis pantai

Use: ;

b bin mi mnUse: mi mn; ng b bin

cte abrasionUse: abrasion; ligne ctire

Use:

-----

Use: --

permukaan lelasanUse: lelasan

Use:

b mt mi mnUse: mi mn

surface abrasionUse: abrasion

pelelasSynonym(s): bahan las

vt liu mi abrasif

---- absarokit absarokit absarokite

UF:

- -

UF:

usia mutlakUF: penarikhanSynonym(s): umur mutlak

UF:

tui tuyt iUF: nh tui

ge absoluUF: datation

Use:

--

Use:

graviti mutlakUse:

asian multilingual thesaurus of geosciences introduction

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