asian religion & philosophies

8/8/2019 Asian Religion & Philosophies

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Lecture #3:

GeneralInformation

on Asia

Part 3:Asian Religions & Philosophies


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IslamSubmission to the Will of Allah

Founded by Mohammad in 630 AD

Most Dominant religion in Asia

Sacred Place: Mecca in Saudi Arabia(where the famous Kaaba or house

of Allah is located


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Islam

HEGIRA fli t fr

t i

- rk t i i f t li l r

QURAN r riti , r it ti


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5 Pillars


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Christianity

Foundation was believed to

be in 1 AD

Jesus Christ as the founder

Sacred Place is Jerusalem

Sacred Boo : Bible


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3 Principal Groups

Roman

CatholicChurch

1

GreekOrthodox

Church

2

ProtestantChurch

3


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2 Main Tenets

Love GodAbove all

things

Love thneighbo r


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Confucianism

Centers on ethics & morality

Founder: Confucius

School of Scholars: Ru Jia

Man of Virtue: Chun Tzu

Sacred Writing: Analects


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Emphasizes on:

6 Arts

Archery

Charioting

Music

Ritual History

Numbers

6 Classics

I Ching

Shu Ching

Shih Ching

Chun Chu Li Ching

Yueh Ching


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Emphasizes on:

5 HumanRelations

Ruler

Father

Husband

Older Brother Friend

8 virtues

Jen/Ren

Yi

Li

Zhi

Xin Yueh

Hsiao

Ti


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Taoism/Daoism

Religion of mysticism

Founder: Lao Tzu

Sacred Text: Tao Te Ching

at present is concentrated in Taiwanhaving 20 million followers


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Taoism/DaoismAbsolute Reality: Tao/DaoImplies no beginning and no end

Yin-Yang: Reality that moves in dual form;

opposing but is complementary

Emphasizes on Simplicity: living in

accordance with nature; limiting ones

action to:Natural: without rules and conventions

Necessary: towards the attainment of a

certain goal


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BuddhismOriginated in India

Founder: Siddharta Gautama

Buddha: Enlightened One

Nirvana: Perfect Happiness

Sacred writing: Tripita as

(3 Bas et of Knowledge)


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Buddhism

Four signs

1. Beggar2. Old Man

3. Sic Man

4. Dead


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Four Noble Truth

Life isfull of suffering

There is a

cause to suffering

It is caused

by selfish desire

There is anend to suffering

8 Fold Path


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8Fold Path

Right

Belief

Speech

Aspiration

Conduct Livelihood

Remembrance

Effort

Meditation


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Branches of Buddhism

1.Hinayana / Therave (Lesser Vehicle)

Mon s are called ARHAT

Practiced in Thailand, Cambodia and Laos

Sinhales-Theravada: Myanmar, Sri Lan a Lamaism

2.Mahayana (Greater Vehicle)

Saints are called BODDHISATTVA Practiced in China, Korea, Taiwan

Zen: Japan


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Shintoism

SHEN TAO: meaning the way of the gods

Amaterasu: Sun Goddess; ancestor of the

Japanese

Jimmu Tenno: 1stEmperor, great grandson of

Amaterasu

KAMI: divine spirit

Emphasizes on Purity

Sacred Writing: KOJIKI & NIHONJI

Way of the Gods


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Three Symbols

1.Jewel

- Represent generosity and obedience

2.Sword

- Represent wisdom and justice

3.Mirror- Represent honesty and truthfulness


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HinduismNo founder but was believed to be brought by theIndo Aryans

Samsara: Reincarnation; Cycle of birth and rebirth

Sacred Animal: Cow

Material Wealth: Artha

Sensual Pleasure: Kama

Duty or Obligation: Dharma

Liberation: Mo sha


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Trimurti

1.Brahma2.Shiva

3.Vishnu

Varna (Caste System)

1. Brahmins

2. Kshatriyas

3. Vaisyas

4. Sudras

5. Chandalas


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Vedas (sacred book)

1. Rig Veda

2. Sama Veda

3. Yajur Veda

4. Atharva Veda

San rit word meaning nowledge

Consist of four boo s:


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JainismFounder: Vardhamana Mahavira

(Conqueror)

also believes in arma, mo sha, dharma

Teacher: Tirthant ara

Sacred Writing: Agamas


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3 Jewels

1. Right conduct2. Right Knowledge

3. Right Conviction

5Commandments of the soul

1. Ahimsa

2. Satya

3. Asteya

4. Brahmacharya

5. Aparigraha


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SikhismFounder: Guru Nana

Sacred Place: Amritsar, Punjab

Combination of Islam and Hinduism

Sacred Writing: Granth Sahib / Adi Granth


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SikhismFounder of Khalsa: Govind Singh

Members have titles:

Singh

Kaur

Their possession includes:

Kesa

KanghaKirpan

Kara

Kacch/ Kacha


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ZoroastrianismFounder: Zoroaster

Also called Parsism in India

Worship fire: Symbol of Ahura

Mazda (Light)

Sacred text: ZEND A VESTA

Gathas: abstract sacred poetry

to worship God


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ZoroastrianismMotto: Good thoughts, good words,

and good deeds

Believes that the universe is a

battlefield between two opposing

forces:

Ahura-Mazda

Ahriman/


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