asian urbanism identity angelika irawan

ASIAN ARCHITECTURE + URBANISMSchool of Architecture and Design: Master of Architecture, RMIT UniversitySem 1 2014

Angelika Irawan s3289958Tutor: Kim Dongsei

I D E N T I T Y

Identity is what had been shaping Asian architecture and urbanism. Strong influence of culture and tradition are what makes it different than other region’s architecture and it is very important to be kept. Nowadays globalisation has been effecting Asian architecture that makes it start to look like western modern architecture. But some architect still able to preserve the identity and create figuration from it that the building still able to tell us where it comes from and create a new identity for the country itself.

Therefore, this three projects has identity as the big theme and explore more on what happens with the architecture and urbanism of Asian, and take Hong Kong particularly as case study and looking into the condition and solution of current issue.

PROJECT01: Precedent Analysis

PROJECT02: Mapping

PROJECT03: Design Strategies

CONTENT

ASIAN ARCHITECTURE + URBANISMASSIGNMENT 01: PRECEDENT ANALYSISAngelika Irawan s3289958Tutor: Kim Dongsei

1. Non-Western Modernity - Golden Mile Complex

2. Globalisation - Asakusa Culture & Tourist Information Center

3. Economic Infrastructures - Sarugaku

4. Sustainability - Cihampelas Walk

5. Typologies + Civic Identity - Yokohama Apartment

6. Formal Informal Space - House NA

7. Vernacular Architecture - Takasugi-an Tea House

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elik

a Ira

wan

, 18.

03.2

014

Hira

ta, A

201

1. T

angl

ing,

INA

X P

ublis

hing

, Jap

an

Sar

ugak

u / A

kihi

sa H

irata

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8, A

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vie

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12 M

ar 2

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Intro

duce

d as

one

of

the

first

pub

lic-p

rivat

e, m

ixed

-use

bui

ldin

g in

S

inga

pore

tha

t br

ough

t th

e co

untry

int

o m

oder

nism

, G

olde

n M

ile

Com

plex

was

bui

lt to

ser

ve th

e pr

oble

m o

f hig

h-de

nsity

set

tlem

ent a

nd

prog

ram

mat

ic d

iver

sity

.

The

proj

ect i

s a

resu

lt of

mim

esis

of W

este

rn m

oder

nity

by

mim

icki

ng

Le C

orbu

sier

’s U

nite

d’H

abita

tion

in t

erm

s of

‘ve

rtica

l ci

ty’

conc

ept,

whi

ch i

nteg

rate

s re

tail,

res

iden

tial,

offic

es a

nd p

ublic

spa

ce a

t th

e sa

me

time.

The

ste

pped

pro

file

of th

e co

mpl

ex is

a r

esul

t of t

akin

g its

ow

n si

te c

ondi

tion

into

Gol

den

Mile

Com

plex

in o

rder

to m

axim

ize

the

perfo

rman

ce o

f ven

tilat

ion

and

dayl

ight

and

to re

duce

the

traffi

c no

ise.

Des

igne

d at

the

sam

e tim

e w

ith p

ostw

ar B

ruta

list a

nd M

etab

olis

t, th

e co

mpl

ex h

ad m

imic

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Met

abol

ism

’s r

epet

ition

, w

hich

can

be

seen

fro

m c

oncr

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e as

its

mai

n m

ater

ial.

The

site

was

onc

e a

recl

aim

ar

ea w

hich

was

sym

boliz

e by

the

form

to re

call

the

cont

our o

f the

are

a an

d sh

ows

the

grow

ing

num

ber

of p

eopl

e in

Sin

gapo

re w

hich

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ully

in

fluen

ced

by M

etab

olis

m.

Gol

den

Mill

Com

plex

, 197

4, D

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each

Rd,

Sin

gapo

re 1

9958

8.

NO

N-W

ESTE

RN

MO

DER

NIT

Y

Gol

den

Mile

Com

plex

, 197

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Mim

icki

ng W

este

rn m

oder

n bu

ildin

g w

hile

influ

ence

d by

the

cont

our o

f the

site

whe

re

it w

as a

recl

aim

ed a

rea.

Wat

er a

rea

(bef

ore)

Rec

laim

ed a

rea

(pre

sent

)

Ste

pped

pro

file

as

a re

sult

of a

void

ing

traffi

c’s

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e

Slic

ed th

e bu

ildin

g in

ord

er to

pe

netra

te th

e lig

ht

Stra

ight

Pro

file

Gol

den

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plex

, D

P A

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tect

sU

nite

d’H

abita

tion,

Le

Cor

busi

er

And

erso

n, C

, Cha

n, S

H, C

lear

y, M

W &

Bal

l, D

201

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P ar

chite

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Imag

es P

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G

roup

, Mul

grav

e.D

P A

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14, D

P A

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s P

te L

td, S

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, vie

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1Fi

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ig.3

Ang

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a Ira

wan

, 18.

03.2

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go K

uma

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ly, v

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Kal

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ach,

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Asa

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Cul

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rist I

nfor

mat

ion

Cen

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Rev

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Ang

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wan

, 18.

03.2

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Hira

ta, A

201

1. T

angl

ing,

INA

X P

ublis

hing

, Jap

an

Sar

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kihi

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irata

200

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rchD

aily,

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wed

12 M

ar 2

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Glo

balis

atio

n has

influ

ence

d Asi

an co

untry

, whe

re it

crea

tes h

omog

eneo

us

build

ing

that

slo

wly

elim

inat

ed th

e id

entit

y of

a c

ity. K

engo

Kum

a tri

ed to

m

aint

ain

Japa

nese

cul

ture

by

stac

king

up

mac

hiya

(tra

ditio

nal J

apan

ese

shop

-hou

se) i

nto

a to

uris

t cen

ter,

loca

ted

in A

saku

sa. L

ike

how

mac

hiya

us

es it

fron

tage

as

a sh

op, A

saku

sa C

ultu

re &

Tou

rist I

nfor

mat

ion

Cen

tre

also

ded

icat

es t

he fi

rst

two

floor

s as

inf

orm

atio

n ce

nter

tha

t se

rves

pu

blic

’s n

eed

and

beco

me

publ

ic s

pace

at t

he s

ame.

It a

lso

usin

g ga

p be

twee

n flo

ors

as s

tora

ge, w

hich

rela

te to

issu

e of

sm

all s

pace

in J

apan

.

The

form

and

tim

ber m

ater

ial a

re p

roje

cted

from

the

Kam

inar

imon

gat

e,

whi

ch lo

cate

d ac

ross

the

bui

ldin

g an

d sh

ows

inse

para

ted

conn

ectio

n th

roug

hout

the

stre

et.

At

nigh

t, th

e bu

ildin

g w

ill g

low

s lik

e th

e gi

ant

lant

ern

that

hun

g on

the

gate

in o

rder

to e

mph

asiz

e th

e id

entit

y of

that

ar

ea.

Sar

ugak

u is

a c

omm

erci

al r

etai

l com

plex

in D

aika

nyam

a, T

okyo

with

lo

ng a

nd s

kinn

y si

te. U

nlik

e m

ost h

igh

rise

build

ing

with

hig

h te

chno

logy

th

at a

ffect

ing

Japa

nese

eco

nom

y, th

is c

ompl

ex c

onsi

sts

mul

tiple

sm

alle

r vo

lum

es o

n th

e si

te th

at s

prea

ding

out

hor

izon

tally

.

Sar

ugak

u to

ok J

apan

city

dev

elop

men

t to

its

des

ign.

The

com

plex

fo

rms

a ce

ntra

l com

mon

spa

ce a

nd in

bet

wee

n bu

ildin

gs,

whi

ch is

a

repr

esen

tativ

e fro

m J

apan

’s Y

aman

o R

ing

whe

re t

he I

mpe

rial P

alac

e lo

cate

d at

the

cen

ter

of t

he r

ing

and

coul

dn’t

be t

ouch

, w

hile

the

de

velo

pmen

t hap

pens

aro

und

the

ring.

The

reta

ils a

ct a

s th

e po

lyce

ntric

of

the

spa

ces

whi

ch c

onne

cted

by

the

win

dow

s th

at a

llow

s pe

ople

to

see

wha

t’s h

appe

n on

the

ir ne

ighb

or r

etai

l. Th

is a

cts

as t

he b

ridge

th

at c

onne

cts

the

cana

ls in

the

old

days

and

bec

omes

pub

lic s

pace

for

peop

le. T

he p

ublic

spa

ce a

lso

embe

dded

on

the

balc

onie

s an

d st

airs

th

at c

onne

ct re

tail

and

the

cent

er.

Asa

kusa

Cul

ture

& T

ouris

t Inf

orm

atio

n C

entre

, K

engo

Kum

a, 2

011

Info

rmat

ion

cent

er, t

heat

re, g

alle

rylo

catio

n: K

amin

arim

on, T

aito

-city

, Tok

yo, J

apan

Sar

ugak

u, A

kihi

sa H

irata

Com

mer

cial

com

plex

loca

tion:

Dai

kany

ama,

Tok

yo, J

apan

GLO

BA

LISA

TIO

NEC

ON

OM

IC IN

FRA

STR

UC

TUR

E

horiz

onta

l lay

erin

g

serv

es p

ublic

’s n

eed

Brin

g th

e id

entit

y of

Asa

kusa

are

a

Ada

ptin

g Ja

pane

se m

achi

ya’s

type

of s

hop

in v

ertic

al w

ay to

ser

ve p

ublic

’s n

eed

Asa

kusa

Cul

ture

& T

ouris

t Inf

orm

atio

n C

entre

(201

1)S

arug

aku,

(200

7)

Con

tradi

ct th

e de

velo

pmen

t in

the

high

end

are

a th

at a

lway

s be

com

es h

igh

rise.

Con

nect

the

poly

cent

ric in

to th

e ce

nter

by

usin

g st

airs

and

bal

cony

.

Em

bedd

ed ‘v

isua

l’ br

idge

Unt

ouch

ed c

entre

are

a &

D

evel

opm

ent s

urro

und

it.

Sub

urbs

ar

ound

To

kyo

mac

hiya

shop

hous

e

verti

cal l

ayer

ing

Impe

rial

Pal

ace

Fig.

4Fi

g.7

Fig.

5 &

Fig

.6Fi

g.8

& F

ig.9

Ang

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wan

, 25.

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014

Ars

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erad

aban

201

0, C

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very

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Yurid

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200

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Jour

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Ang

elik

a Ira

wan

, 25.

03.2

014

She

lton,

B 1

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Lea

rnin

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m th

e Ja

pane

se C

ity: W

est M

eets

Eas

t in

Urb

an D

esig

n, R

outle

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rk

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a A

partm

ent /

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des

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ar 2

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Glo

balis

m in

crea

se c

onsu

mpt

ion

and

pollu

tion

in A

sian

cou

ntry

, whi

ch

is w

hy n

ow p

eopl

e ar

e co

ncer

ning

abo

ut s

usta

inab

ility

whe

re it

is w

alk-

able

, eq

uita

ble,

mix

ed a

nd a

dapt

ed.

Mos

t of

mod

ern

build

ing

in J

ava

depe

nds

on a

ir-co

nditi

on to

pro

vide

com

forta

ble

envi

ronm

ent f

or p

eopl

e,

but F

auza

n N

oe’m

an d

esig

ned

Cih

ampe

las

Wal

k as

a w

alk-

able

ope

n sh

oppi

ng c

ente

r to

re-e

ngag

e w

ith th

e ex

istin

g bi

g tre

es o

n th

e si

te, l

ike

how

in fr

ont o

f old

bui

ldin

gs in

Ban

dung

alw

ays

have

big

tree

s w

hich

le

ads

into

the

rea

l sh

oppi

ng c

ente

r th

at h

ad b

een

set

back

to

avoi

d tra

ffic

at C

iham

pela

s S

treet

. It

also

influ

ence

d by

Can

ada

& S

inga

pore

’s

styl

e. It

lifte

d up

the

reta

il vo

lum

es to

allo

w n

atur

al v

entil

atio

n th

roug

hout

th

e gr

ound

floo

r.

Cih

ampe

las

Wal

k al

low

s ev

eryo

ne to

com

e w

ithou

t any

sep

arat

ion

sinc

e th

e ou

tdoo

r stre

et a

llow

s th

em to

cre

ate

publ

ic e

vent

, to

shop

or j

ust t

o ha

ng-o

ut.

How

ever

, it

cont

radi

cts

the

slum

p ar

ea a

roun

d C

iham

pela

s S

treet

and

aba

ndon

s th

e st

reet

haw

kers

sin

ce e

very

one

goes

to

the

cent

re. T

his

is s

ucce

ssfu

l in

term

s of

sus

tain

abili

ty a

nd c

reat

ing

publ

ic

spac

e fo

r eve

ryon

e, b

ut it

fails

to e

ngag

e w

ith th

e su

rrou

ndin

g’s

haw

kers

.

Asi

an u

rban

ism

is c

urre

ntly

a h

ybrid

of

prog

ram

and

info

rmal

spa

ce,

whi

ch tu

rns

the

stre

et in

to th

e m

ost a

mbi

guou

s ur

ban

form

atio

n.Lo

cate

d in

woo

den

resi

dent

ial a

rea

with

nar

row

stre

et, O

n D

P el

evat

ed

the

livin

g un

its t

o si

t on

top

of

a se

mi-p

ublic

cou

rtyar

d th

at u

sed

as

mul

tifun

ctio

nal s

pace

for

soc

ializ

ing,

wor

k an

d ex

hibi

tions

and

at

the

sam

e tim

e se

rves

as

a liv

ing

room

for

the

tena

nts.

It fo

llow

s ya

shik

i’s

way

to e

leva

te th

e ho

use

into

firs

t floo

r to

emph

asiz

e th

e pr

ivac

y of

livi

ng

area

in th

e ho

use.

The

grou

nd l

evel

set

bac

k a

little

bit

but

is n

ot e

nclo

sed.

It

crea

tes

ambi

guity

bet

wee

n pu

blic

and

priv

ate

area

whe

n pe

ople

pas

s th

roug

h. In

th

e m

orni

ng, t

he s

pace

is in

its

basi

c co

nditi

on a

s liv

ing

room

, how

ever

, it

light

s up

the

spac

e as

illu

min

ated

sig

n on

ce p

ublic

eve

nt ta

kes

plac

e at

nig

ht l

ike

tradi

tiona

l co

lorfu

l ha

ngin

g la

nter

ns i

n fro

nt o

f m

achi

ya

stre

et a

nd in

vite

s pu

blic

’s a

ctiv

ities

. Th

e fla

t flo

ored

sm

all s

treet

als

o co

ntrib

utes

to

crea

te t

his

ambi

guity

of

publ

ic a

nd p

rivat

e w

hich

rar

ely

foun

d in

Wes

tern

’s s

treet

, res

ults

a li

vely

stre

et.

Cih

ampe

las

Wal

k, 2

004,

Fau

zan

Noe

’man

Ret

ail C

ompl

exlo

catio

n: C

iham

pela

s S

treet

, Ban

dung

, Ind

ones

ia

Yoko

ham

a A

partm

ent,

2009

, On

Des

ign

Apa

rtmen

tA

partm

ent

loca

tion:

Nis

hi-k

u, Y

okoh

ama,

Kan

agaw

a, J

apan

SUST

AIN

AB

ILIT

YTY

POLO

GIE

S +

CIV

IC ID

ENTI

TY

Non

-acc

ess

for c

ar o

n th

e fro

nt a

rea

of c

ompl

ex to

avo

id w

orse

ned

traffi

c ja

mS

ocia

lly u

n-su

stai

ble

for t

he s

treet

haw

kers

.

Out

door

circ

ulat

ion

crea

tes

sust

aina

bilit

y.

Cih

ampe

las

Wal

k, (2

004)

Yo

koha

ma

Apa

rtmen

t, (2

009)

Cla

im p

rivat

e ar

ea w

hile

invi

ting

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References

Books:

Online:

Pictures:

Anderson, C, Chan, SH, Cleary, MW & Ball, D 2012, DP architects, Images Publishing Group, Mulgrave.

Hirata, A 2011. Tangling, INAX Publishing, Japan

Shelton, B 1999, Learning from the Japanese City: West Meets East in Urban Design, Routledge, New York

Yokohama Apartment / ON design partners 2012, ArchDaily, viewed 22 Mar 2014 <http://www.archdaily.com/?p=303401>

Sarugaku / Akihisa Hirata 2008, ArchDaily, viewed12 Mar 2014 <http://www.archdaily.com/?p=8237>

Arsitekperadaban 2010, Cihampelas Walk: Fun in Every Steps, 24 September, viewed 20 March 2014,<http://rezaprimawanhudrita.wordpress.com/2010/09/24/cihampelas-walk-fun-in-every-steps/>

Yuridianto, A 2007, Architecture Journey: Urban Leisure, Cihampelas Walk (Ci-walk), 15 March, viewed 20 March 2014 <http://probohindarto.wordpress.com/2008/09/06/architecture-journey-urban-leisure-cihampelas-walk-ci-walk/>

Fig.1 http://static.panoramio.com/photos/large/22367286.jpgFig.2 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/dd/Golden_Mile_Complex_4,_Aug_07.jpgFig.3 https://c2.staticflickr.com/2/1222/1424293104_e3bd6da7ec.jpgFig.4 http://c1038.r38.cf3.rackcdn.com/group5/building44017/media/qozx_kk_260612_01.jpg

Fig.6 http://ad009cdnb.archdaily.net/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/4ff3c2cf28ba0d30c1000009_asakusa-culture-and-tourism-center-kengo-kuma-associates_image004-528x354.jpgFig.7 http://ad009cdnb.archdaily.net/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/4ff3c2cf28ba0d30c1000009_asakusa-culture-and-tourism-center-kengo-kuma-associates_image004-528x354.jpgFig.8 http://ad009cdnb.archdaily.net/wp-content/uploads/2008/10/1601365791_02-528x415.jpgFig.9 http://ad009cdnb.archdaily.net/wp-content/uploads/2008/10/1480506544_01.jpgFig.10 http://architecturephoto.net/jp/saru03.jpgFig.11 http://www.cihampelaswalk.com/slide/img/ciwalk09.jpgFig.12 http://www.designboom.com/weblog/images/images_2/erica/874/yoko01.jpgFig.13 http://ad009cdnb.archdaily.net/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/1335764330-house-na-fujimoto-2798-528x352.jpgFig.14 http://static.dezeen.com/uploads/2009/03/takasugi-an-by-terunobu-fujimori-1.jpgFig.15 http://static.dezeen.com/uploads/2009/03/takasugi-an-by-terunobu-fujimori-7.jpgFig.16 hhttp://www.inkoma.com/pages/news/11_10/Terunobu_Fujimori-tagas_08.jpg

Fig.5 http://farm8.static.flickr.com/7077/6980759126_77d875c971.jpg

House NA / Sou Fujimoto Architects 2012, ArchDaily, viewed 28 Mar 2014 < http://www.archdaily.com/?p=230533>

Sou Fujimoto: House NA, Designboom, viewed 28 Mar 2014 <http://www.designboom.com/architecture/sou-fujimoto-house-na/>

Svillar, Darko 2012, House NA/ Sou Fujimoto Architects, viewed 28 Mar 2014 <http://www.mooponto.com/2012/12/09/house-na-sou-fujimoto-architects/>

DP Architects 2014, DP Architects Pte Ltd, Singapore, viewed in 9 March 2014, <http://www.dpa.com.sg/projects/golden-mile-complex/>

Asakusa Culture and Tourism Center / Kengo Kuma & Associates 2012, ArchDaily, viewed 15 Mar 2014 <http://www.archdaily.com/?p=251370>

Kaltenbach, C 2013, Asakusa Culture Tourist Information Centre, Australian Design Review, viewed 16 March 2014 <http://www.australiandesignreview.com/architecture/27787-asakusa-culture-tourist-information-centre>

ASIAN ARCHITECTURE + URBANISMASSIGNMENT 02: MAPPING

HONGKONG: IDENTITY

Hong Kong is the third densest country in the world. The demand of people for dwellings keep increase from time to time which resulting government keep build up buildings to meet up the needs and ignore the open public green space that has been really hard to be found in the city. Moreover, the identity of the city starts to disappear because of new development that makes all the building becomes generic and results emergence of new identity that becomes the symbol of Hong Kong now.

The changes brings bad impact to the community since it really changing the way people in Hong Kong lives and how people wanted to preserve the cul-ture that they had once before. This project talks about three identity types of Hong Kong that disappear that substituted with the new one, which are the changing typology of Hong Kong’s urban grain; changing function, open space and building at reclamation area, which is the waterfront; and also about the elevated walkways, which is what Hong Kong famous for and the speculation in the future regarding typology and number of housing.

1. Chui, H.M., Tsoi, T.M. 2003, Heritage Preservation: Hong Kong & Overseas Exoerience, viewed 1 May 2014 <http://www.conservancy.org.hk/heritage/Heritage_Report_eng.pdf>

1

Angelika Irawan s3289958Tutor: Kim Dongsei

1882

HK’s changing shophouses typology that more and more concern of providing dwellings in connection with the growing population

1945

4 storeysdwelling

street level activities

8 storeysdwelling

11 storeysdwelling

podium type

rise up the retail volume

podium level for retail serve the residential

podium level becomes connection with other towers (new typology)

1960 1964 1970s 1985s 1995s

2M

0

4M

6M

URBAN ENVIRONMENT

URBAN ENVIRONMENTChanging of Hong Kong’s shop-houses typology, which is the identity of traditional Hong Kong, where each shop owned by people that lived on the top. But as the number of population keeps going up, government started to focus on the dwelling’s demands that started to change low-rise shop-houses into high rise and podium type.

The Hong Kong street grid is made up of buildings that are heterogeneous in terms of historical type massing, and scale. To meet the demand of the dwellings, Government just simply demolished the existing shophouses and built up totally modern new building, which cause the losing of Hong Kong’s identity. Hong Kong tried to preserve one or two existing shophouses, but the vibrant of the street is still losing out.

The signage of shophouses, which is one of the important identity of Hong Kong also started to disappeared as Government knocked down some streets and changed it into modern shopping centre where the signage work very different with the traditional one.

1

2

1. DeWolf, C 2011, The Future of Hong Kong’s Harborfront, viewed 1 May 2014

2. Smith, PC 2006, The Urban Design of Impermanence: Street, Spaces and Places in Hong Kong, MCMM Creation, Hong Kong<http://travel.cnn.com/hong-kong/life/future-hong-kong-129384>

ovojejuovojejuovojejuovojeju

cotton onshirtsovojeju

OVO

MID isense

OVO

Unsuccessfull preservation due to preserving 1 building instead of the whole street. Lack of street signage & engagement Successful preservation of the whole street existing shophouses’ facade to keep the identity of Singapore.

Bugis Junction, Singapore

URBAN ENVIRONMENT

HOPEWELL CENTRE

Identity of Hongkong’s shophouse’s street, where signage and street activities play important role to create the streetscape.

Creates new identity for the city where elevated walkways become the new streetscape, urban grain and scale are disappearing and transform into chungky big block. Lee Tung St has been demolished & will be substitued with new modern shopping centre

Wanchai HopeWell Centre

Lee Tu

ng S

tree

t

URBAN ENVIRONMENT

Present Land Usage

Almost all the land in HongKong is a reclaimed area where they have been used as waterfront for each district and have its own function. Focusing to Central district and Tsim Sha Tsui district, the waterfront experienced changing identity. “The harbor is the identity of the city, so it needs to be developed for the benefit of the people, “says Cookson-Smith, represents the Hong Kong Institute of Urban Design on the commission.

All the street activities which dominated the function of harbour has been pushed back and the harbor provides open space and art culture for people, something that cannot be experienced in the middle of the city. It also provides visual connection with the hill at the back of the city, which has been covered with all the high-rises. All this condition established the new identity of Hong Kong’s waterfront.

1

Before 1904 1905 - 1945 1945 - 1967 1968 - 1986 1986 - present

Before 1904 1905 - 1945 1945 - 1967 1968 - 1986 1986 - present

Before 1904 1905 - 1945 1945 - 1967 1968 - 1986 1986 - present

WESTERN GATEWAY

FRONT DOOR CBD

CULTURE & LIFE

URBAN OUTDOORENTERTAINMENT

HIGH DENSITYLIVING

HIGH DENSITYLIVING

HIGH DENSITYLIVING

THE PORT

EASTERN BUSINESSDISTRICT

NEWEST HARBOUR NEIGHBOURHOOD

GATEWAY TO HARBOUR

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

910

1. DeWolf, C 2011, The Future of Hong Kong’s Harborfront, viewed 1 May 2014 <http://travel.cnn.com/hong-kong/life/future-hong-kong-129384>

EXPANDED FIELD

EXPANDED FIELD

1945Fig.2 Central Pier as ceremonial pier Fig. 3 New identity of Central pier as recreational area

and full of city’s landmark

Fig.2 http://mw2.google.com/mw-panoramio/photos/medium/30798450.jpgFig.3 http://hongkongthrumyeyes.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/06/hidden-hongkong-KwunTong-promenade.-hk-hkig.jpg

Fig.1 Statues of important people in HK

Fig.1 http://www.chinesearchitecture.cn/CACN/Images/HongKong/SirThomasJacksonStatue-001.jpg

1945 2014

Reclaimed area

The Central Pier shown the lively city activity which is the identity of busy Hong Kong’s city life and also functioned as ceremonial pier where they celebrated it at Statue Square.

All the city activity had been pushed back behind the high rise landmarks and the pier becomes a recreational desti-nation, which is dedicated as an open space for people and embedded Hong Kong’s identity into the landmark.

Statue Square

EXPANDED FIELD

avenue

of sta

rs

Art Centre Tourism Shopping CentreHeritage

1920Originally, the identity of Tsim Sha Tsui harbour is merely a pier, trading area and hotels The promenade becomes heritage area and art precinct, which both consider as a way to express the identity of city in differ-

ent ways.

Infrastructure Hotel Warehouse Heritage Art Centre Tourism Shopping Centre

2014

EXPANDED FIELD

On promenade

Height restriction on waterfront, enable people to see the highrise at the city, which is the identity of HK with landscape as backdrop

Demand of dense city makes government build higher & higher building which creates highrise jungle in the middle of city and losing its open space. Government focusing more on the development instead of people. So waterfront is really for people (quote)

Encourage tourism on waterfront for both island

First row (no major road)

Residential & other Landscape Sea

1525

45-60Variable (depends

on location)15

2545-60

Variable (depends on location)

The height limitation near waterfront also give people priviledge to enjoy Hong Kong’s landscape as city background, something that they can’t have in the middle of the city. It reminds people that Hong Kong actually has vast area of nature.2

2. Shelton, B., Karakiewicz, J., Kvan, T. 2010, The Making of Hong Kong: From Vertical to Volumetric, Taylor&Francis EXPANDED FIELD

The number of residential keeps increasing in Hong Kong and people want convenience so that easier for them to access. That’s why malls is located at the central of housing area and connected by elevated walkways that enables people to access everywhere without sets their foot at the ground. Not only re-claimed the water area, current condition of houses location has also started to expand to hills.

As the population will still increase at some areas, there is high chances for government to reclaimed the hill area as well for residential development.

The elevated walkways that they used because of the topography condition is possible to be used to connects between hills or even across Victoria Harbour.

3. Shelton, B., Karakiewicz, J., Kvan, T. 2010, The Making of Hong Kong: From Vertical to Volumetric, Taylor&Francis ADVANCE ARCHITECTURE

ADVANCE ARCHITECTURE

3

Current condition of housing starts to reclaim some hill area in Hong Kong & how malls located at the centre of residential area and resulted elevated walkways to connects them.

5000

Jordan/ Tai Kok Tsui/ Tsim Sha Tsui/ Yau Mai Tei

Tseung Kwan O

15000

18000

25000

28000

30000

32000

4000

15000

20000

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30000

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100001100011000

2000

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120001300013000

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70009000 5000

60008000

1000

2000

30004000

2000

9000

12000

15000

18000

23000

26000

TsuenWan

TuenMun

Western District

Ma On Shan

Increasing residential units in Hong Kong New Territories, which there is possiblity of dwelling starts to invade hills.

Elevated walkway that connects building because of land condition in Hong Kong Future possibility of how elevated walkways connect between hill because of the residential ex-pantion to hill.

Future possibility of how elevated walkways connect across Victoria Harbour

4Speculation of hills reclamation for residentials, malls and elevated walkways that connect the districts.

4. Data statistic from: <http://www.joneslanglasalleblog.com/APResearch/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/Picture1_23Jan2014.png>

Victoria Harbour

ADVANCE ARCHITECTURE

References

Books:

Online:

Picture:

Chui, H.M., Tsoi, T.M. 2003, Heritage Preservation: Hong Kong & Overseas Experience, viewed 1 May 2014 <http://www.conservancy.org.hk/heritage/Heritage_Report_eng.pdf>

DeWolf, C 2011, The Future of Hong Kong’s Harborfront, viewed 1 May 2014

Smith, PC 2006, The Urban Design of Impermanence: Street, Spaces and Places in Hong Kong, MCMM Creation, Hong KongSolomon, J., Wong, C., Frampton, A., 2012, Cities Without Ground: A Hong Kong Guidebook, ORO Editions, United Kingdom

<http://travel.cnn.com/hong-kong/life/future-hong-kong-129384>

Fig.2 http://mw2.google.com/mw-panoramio/photos/medium/30798450.jpgFig.3 http://hongkongthrumyeyes.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/06/hidden-hongkong-KwunTong-promenade.-hk-hkig.jpg

Fig.1 http://www.chinesearchitecture.cn/CACN/Images/HongKong/SirThomasJacksonStatue-001.jpg

Shelton, B., Karakiewicz, J., Kvan, T. 2010, The Making of Hong Kong: From Vertical to Volumetric, Taylor&Francis, United Kingdom

Tsim Sha Tsui 2012, History of Tsim Sha Tsui, Tsim Sha Tsui, Hong Kong, viewed 2 May 2014 <http://www.tsimshatsui.hk/history.html#.U6KrCvQW3Al>

A Historical and Architectural Appraisal of Queen’s Pier, Central, viewed 5 May 2014 <http://www.aab.gov.hk/form/AAB_Paper129_queen_annexb_e.pdf>

Harbour Tourism Plan, viewed 15 May 2014 <http://www.pland.gov.hk/pland_en/p_study/comp_s/harbour/harbour_finalreport/ch6.htm>

Harbour Tourism Plan, viewed 15 May 2014 <http://www.pland.gov.hk/pland_en/p_study/comp_s/harbour/harbour_finalreport/ch6.htm>Recommended Harbour and Waterfront Plan, viewed 15 May 2014 < http://www.pland.gov.hk/pland_en/p_study/comp_s/harbour/harbour_finalreport/ch5.htm >

Hong Kong Polytechnic University Community College (HKCC)

Hong Kong Polytechnic University Community College

Wang Wijen Architecture ( 2009)Hung Hom, Hong KongAward: “Merit” Award in the New Construction Category in the Green Building Award 2008

Project: Institutional BuildingStorey: 19Programs: classrooms, Library, Computer centre, specialist teaching rooms. Staff Administra tion, Carpark, lecture room and Multipu pose room

Area: 26000.0 sqm

HKCC Hung Hong Bay is a successful project from Wang Wijen Architecture as it received Merit Award in Green Building Award 2008 and becomes first education-al building in Hong Kong that achieve highest BEAM rating of Platinum by HK-BEAM Society. Taking current problem of high rise towers that becomes typology in Hong Kong, it using modular system of vertical garden and materials to create a better environment for tower typology and also have positive impact to the sur-rounding residential high rise apartment.

Hong Kong

http://www.worldbuildingsdirectory.com/project.cfm?id=976http://ad009cdnb.archdaily.net/wp-content/uploads/2013/02/5126e580b3fc4b2e9d000025_hong-kong-polytechnic-university-community-college-wang-weijen-architecture-architecture-design-and-research-group-agc-design_.jpg

http://ad009cdnb.archdaily.net/wp-content/uploads/2013/02/5126e632b3fc4b2e9d00002b_hong-kong-polytechnic-university-community-college-wang-weijen-architecture-architecture-design-and-research-group-agc-design_.jpghttp://ad009cdnb.archdaily.net/wp-content/uploads/2013/02/5126e5abb3fc4b5d54000027_hong-kong-polytechnic-university-community-college-wang-weijen-architecture-architecture-design-and-research-group-agc-design_.jpg

Fig.1 HKCC Hung Hom Bay Campus



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Fig.3Fig.4

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Hong Kong Polytechnic University Community College/ Wang Weijen Architecture, 2013, Archdaily, viewed 02 June 2014<http://www.archdaily.com/335438/hong-kong-polytechnic-university-wang-weijen-architecture/>

ASIAN ARCHITECTURE + URBANISMASSIGNMENT 03: DESIGN STRATEGIESAngelika Irawan s3289958Tutor: Kim Dongsei


Lack of green space and only tenants at podium level can engage with the greeneries

Green space is property of private residential

High-rise tower is a popular building typology for most of the building in Hong Kong. With high density of tower in Hong Kong, the current condition is bad because it ignores the sustainability side of the building. There is not enough open space compare to the mass in one tower. Since they rise up the greenery level on top of podium, it becomes private space for residential and unable public to access it. It also engage directly only to the tenants that live at podium level and ignore the one at the above that resulting lack of communal space. Tower typology also does not allow air to flow into the space and caused massive usage of air conditioner resulting of heat increased around the neighbourhood that can’t be balanced with little space of greenery. Moreover, the natural light is not able to penetrate to the level below because of the tower location and causes people to use a lot of artificial light, which consume a lot of energy.

ISSUE

Green space is property of private residential & public can’t access it.

Bad air circulation as result of being blocked

Increasing heat at top level and the amount of green space unable to neutralized it.

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Enable natural light to penetrate to bottom levels & increase usage of artificial light

Air circulation cannot pass through the building since no opening and resulting massive usage of aircon-ditioner.

Yuen. B, Yeh. A.G.O. 2011, High-Rise Living in Asian Cities, Springer, China

Fig. 5, Fig. 6, Fig. 7 High Rise problem with greenery


Hung Hom Bay is an area that serves as high density residential part in Hong Kong. There is lack of greenery open space and also public space around the site compare to the towers surrounds. The campus is located in the middle of these compact high rises, which is pretty cramped and increasing the heat on the site. It is located next to university’s student housing that has visual connection to HK Polytech-nic main campus which is located across Hung Hom Bay train station. It is near Victoria Harbour and has views to Hong Kong island. Moreover, it is near the highway, which has noise pollution that can interfere the learning teaching process.

Fig.8 Hung Hom Bay Student Housing

Location at area that developed for high dense residential

Fig.10 Hung Hom Bay High Rises

Fig.9 Hong Kong Polytechnic University Main Campus

Fig.11 Victoria Harbour

Fig.12 Open spaces

SITE CONTEXT

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HongKong PolytechnicMain Campus HongKong Polytechnic

Student Housing

WESTERN GATEWAY

FRONT DOOR CBD

CULTURE & LIFE

URBAN OUTDOORENTERTAINMENT

HIGH DENSITYLIVING

HIGH DENSITYLIVING

Hung Hom Bay

HIGH DENSITYLIVING

THE PORT

EASTERN BUSINESSDISTRICT

NEWEST HARBOUR NEIGHBOURHOOD

GATEWAY TO HARBOUR

Fig1. http://static.panoramio.com/photos/large/1652967.jpgFig2. https://c2.staticflickr.com/6/5108/5605331490_769ff71658_z.jpgFig3. https://c2.staticflickr.com/8/7256/7610516202_acabb2b952_z.jpgFig4. http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c9/HK_Hung_Hom_2007.jpgFig5. google earth


Classroom

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MultipurposeHall

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Enable the classroom to join and using open space as part of the teaching learning types of rooms that can be joined

direct access to public open space & use multipurpose hall to mixed up public and private

No enclosure between open space & library corridor that makes the library becomes semi outdoor & indoor

Air flows inside --> no need airconditioner

communal space comes into indoor to bridging activities between it labs & outdoor

IT Labs

IT Labs

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IT Labs

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staff offices

facilities

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multi-purposeroom

workshop

classrooms

Adressing the issue of green space’s privatisation, the architect stacks the greenery all the way up until top level with modular system. It allows public activities to integrate with student’s ac-tivity by placing multi purpose hall at 3rd level. It acts as central of each programs and being connected mainly with the stairs in order to blur outdoor and indoor.

Stacked up into vertical and allows public to use the open space & integrated with student’s activities

Open space as central of each program’s division and max-imise usage of lift by considerating programs’ placement.

Direct access to public open space & use program to bring up public

3rd Floor Plan

Vertical Garden

Lim, B.V. 2009, The Hong Kong Community College - Hung Hom Bay Campus, viewed 1 June 2014<http://www.hkifm.org.hk/public_html/idp/paper/abs-bernard-lim.pdf>

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Open space as part of the learning space when the classroom being joined up No enclosure between open space & library corridor that library becomes semi outdoor & indoor

Communal space comes to indoor for bridging activities between IT labs & outdoor

Natural air flows inside the building --> reduce airconditioner usageClassrooms with flexible area --> sustain the building

6th Floor Plan

6th Floor Plan

10th Floor Plan

10th Floor Plan

14th Floor Plan

Open Space + ProgramsThere are 3 main different types of how the garden connected with

programs, which are able to join up the space as learning area, creates semi indoor outdoor space for library and indoor communal space that

also blur in & out. This vertical garden enables to cool down the heat around surrounding’s tower.

0 20


Reduce the heat of adjacent building equally from bottom to top

Since the usage of air-conditioner increasing because fresh air cannot flows to inside, the heat around apartment are increasing. The stacked garden reduce the heat of surrounding apartment equally from bottom to top.

0 20


SOLID

FRITTED CERAMIC 50%

FRITTED CERAMIC 30%

MAINTAINING VIEWS

REDUCE HEAT

CLEAR GLASS

USING THE OPPORTUNITY OF NATURAL LIGHT TO LIGHT UP THE CORRIDOR --> SAVING ENERGYBRINGS IN GREENERY TO CIRCULATION SPACE

CLASSROOM

REDUCE HEAT FOR ALL CLASSROOM BY USING GREY TINTED GLASS SO IT REDUCE THE USE OF AIRCONDITIONER

The idea of filtering heat and taking advantage of view by using four different glass opac-ity to adress the issue of heat gain that resulting unsustainability in the current tower condition. All the outer glasses using 50% ceramic fritted pattern to filter sun’s heat and secondary glasses using 30% ceramic fritted pattern and clear glasses It also taking con-sideration of the programs inside and how to bring natural light into the corridor.

Fritted Ceramic 30%

Porosity + Materiality

Fritted Ceramic 50%

Brown Solid Ceramic

Grey Tinted Glass

Different opacity from solid to transparent Clear glass allows natural light to come in to corridor and bring in outdoor quality to indoor.

Heat reduced for classroom

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Lim, B.V. 2009, Green Buildings: Better Quality of Life. Design of buildings for sustainability - Case study presentation, viewed 2 June 2014 < http://www.civil.hku.hk/green_buildings/PDF/presentations/06_Lim-ppt.pdf>


East side North side West side South side

East and North side are mostly using low opacity glasses to maximise natural light during the day, while high opacity glasses applied more to West side. South side also use more clear glass and low opacity glasses to take advantage of Victoria Harbour view.

Sun Orientation


Set back the tower to south direction to avoid sound pollution from the high-way street for classrooms. It also allows the sun to penetrates into bottom levels and allows fresh air intake since it is places far from street. Moreover, it still allows visual connection from student housing to main campus.

Tower Placing

Setbacks enabling natural light penetrate to atrium area and reduce electricity usage during day. It also allows fresh air intake that reduce AC usage.Allows visual connection between student housing and main university

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< http://www.civil.hku.hk/green_buildings/PDF/presentations/06_Lim-ppt.pdf>Lim, B.V. 2009, Green Buildings: Better Quality of Life. Design of buildings for sustainability - Case study presentation, viewed 2 June 2014


All the strategies that have been applied to the campus are working out well. The vertical gardens are able to bring social sustainability between public and private and also between programs inside like how it use modular space and flexible openings. It enables the classroom to be flexible and adapt the changes of the need, which sustain the building longer. It also successfully reduces the heat of apartment buildings surrounding. The setback of the tower is also good in terms of bring in the light, views and fresh air. While the material are working well with sun orientation and able to bring sustainability to the campus.

Overall, it responds well to the sustainability issue of current condition of tower typology and site context which brings impact not only to the tenants of the campus but to the surrounding. The HKCC Hung Hom Bay Campus successfully addressing the issues and condition of current high rise tower typology. This could be the new typology with all the strategies that can be applied for of high rise towers in Hong Kong to create a more sustainable living.

Final Assesment


ReferencesBooks:

Online:

Picture:

Hong Kong Polytechnic University Community College/ Wang Weijen Architecture, 2013, Archdaily, viewed 02 June 2014

Lim, B.V. 2009, Green Buildings: Better Quality of Life Design of Buildings for Sustainability - Case Study Presentation, viewed 02 June 2014 < http://www.civil.hku.hk/green_buildings/PDF/presentations/06_Lim-ppt.pdf>

The Hong Kong Community College Hung Hom Bay Campus 2008, World Buildings Directory, viewed 03 June 2014 < http://www.worldbuildingsdirectory.com/project.cfm?id=976>

Welch, A. 2008, Hong Kong Community College Hung Hom Bay Campus, viewed 03 June 2014 < http://www.e-architect.co.uk/hong-kong/hong-kong-community-college >

<http://www.archdaily.com/335438/hong-kong-polytechnic-university-wang-weijen-architecture/>

Fig.2 http://ad009cdnb.archdaily.net/wp-content/uploads/2013/02/5126e632b3fc4b2e9d00002b_hong-kong-polytechnic-university-community-college-wang-weijen-architecture-architecture-design-and-research-group-agc-design_.jpgFig.3 http://www.worldbuildingsdirectory.com/project.cfm?id=976Fig.4 http://ad009cdnb.archdaily.net/wp-content/uploads/2013/02/5126e580b3fc4b2e9d000025_hong-kong-polytechnic-university-community-college-wang-weijen-architecture-architecture-design-and-research-group-agc-design_.jpgFig.5 http://www.scmp.com/sites/default/files/styles/980w/public/2014/04/01/c13b30f92c1d014b2ed249b89eed922d.jpg?itok=b4g1YWKtFig.6 http://www.bestholidayscapital.com/Portals/0/blog/files/1/62/hung-hom-kowloon.jpgFig.7 http://imganuncios.mitula.net/hai_bin_nan_an_3zuo_hong_kan_100145441372351350.jpgFig.8 http://static.panoramio.com/photos/large/1652967.jpgFig.9 https://c2.staticflickr.com/6/5108/5605331490_769ff71658_z.jpgFig.10 https://c2.staticflickr.com/8/7256/7610516202_acabb2b952_z.jpgFig.11 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c9/HK_Hung_Hom_2007.jpgFig.12 google earth

Fig.1 http://ad009cdnb.archdaily.net/wp-content/uploads/2013/02/5126e5abb3fc4b5d54000027_hong-kong-polytechnic-university-community-college-wang-weijen-architecture-architecture-design-and-research-group-agc-design_.jpg

Yuen. B, Yeh. A.G.O. 2011, High-Rise Living in Asian Cities, Springer, China

asian urbanism identity angelika irawan

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