129

Asphalt

The main engineering use of bituminous materials is in roadconstruction.The material consists essentially of twoingredients, aggregate and binder.The term Asphalt is simplyone of two generic names used to classify or describebituminous mixtures; the other being Macadam. In the USAthe term Asphalt denotes what in the UK is known asBitumen.

Within these two broad groups lie an almost infinite number ofmixtures which may either be specified or designed to suit aparticular engineering requirement.

It is important therefore that equipment and test methods areavailable to determine such properties as optimum binder content,aggregate grading, void content and other parameters.Traditionalmethods of design including the Marshall test are slowly beingreplaced or supported by test methods which include thedetermination of resilient modulus and indirect tensile fatigue testsusing micro-computers to control and subsequently analyse data.

The apparatus described in this Section includes equipment thatmeets the requirements of standard tests and the latestdevelopments in the field of computerised testing, recording andanalysis.

45 Analysis and Binder Recovery45 Design and Testing of Bituminous

Mixtures45 Specific Gravity46 Bitumen and Tar46 Mastic Asphalt 47 Temperature and Density47 Core Drilling47 Surface Regularity47 Pavement Flexure 47 Texture

Design and Testing

Used in productionand quality controltesting of bituminousmixes

Deformation underload, stress-straincharacteristics andperformance criteriaincluding fatiguecracking, creep andother effects aredetermined

Why Test Asphalt?

Analysis and Binder Recovery

130

Asphalt Analysis and binder recovery45

Hot Extractor System and mesh container

EL45-3720/01 Binder Recovery Apparatus

Analysis of bituminous mixtures is necessary to ensurecompliance to the mix specification, economical use ofmaterials and production control.A number of test methodsare available.

The recovery and subsequent testing of a bituminous binderfrom the aggregate-binder mixture is often required where itis necessary to confirm binder content and its associatedproperties such as penetration.

Note: equipment for the analysis of bituminous mixturesand binder recovery requires the use of solvents not suppliedbe ELE.

Binder Recovery ApparatusDouble-sample Unit BS 598-102, BS 5284, EN 12697-1

The unit comprises a water bath, electric heater and vacuum pumpcomplete with regulator gauge and manifold. This double unit isparticularly useful as most test methods require duplicate binderdeterminations.

The apparatus is mounted on a baseboard and supplied completewith two flasks, bungs and rubber tubing.

Ordering InformationEL45-3720/01 Binder Recovery Apparatus Double-sample UnitWeight 17.5 kgFor 220 – 240 V AC, 50 Hz, 1 ph.

Hot Extractor Method andDetermination of Water Content BS 598-102, EN 12697-1,-14

This apparatus is used for the extraction of binder from asphaltand may also be used to determine the water content ofbituminous mixtures.The method is not suitable for the extractionof binder from mastic and pitchmastic asphalt.

Ordering InformationEL45-3781 Hot Extractor comprising a non-corrodible mesh containerwhich fits into a metal pot with a gasket and cover.The cover isbolted to the pot forming a seal and includes an orifice to acceptthe Dean and Stark receiver and reflux condenser supplied.Weight 8 kg

Analysis of Bituminous Mixturesand Binder Recovery

131

Asphalt Analysis and binder recovery45

EL45-3800/01 1500 g Capacity Asphalt Centrifuge Extractor

EL45-3855/01 Reflux Extractor

Asphalt Centrifuge ExtractorsEN 12697-1;ASTM D2172;AASHTO T164

■ Continuously variable speed control from 0 to 3,600 rpm (1500 g capacity model)

■ Brake control for rapid deceleration■ Available in either 1500 g or 3000 g capacity

models

The Centrifuge Extractor is used to determine the quantitativeamount of bitumen in bituminous paving mixtures whilst providinghigh safety to the operator.

Specification

Dimensions (l x w x h) 559 x 305 x 508 mmControl 1500 g Variable speed, 0-3600 rpm

3000 g Variable speed, 0-2600 rpmCover Precision-machined aluminium; removable,

with integral cup for adding solventHousing Cast aluminium, sealedBowl Precision-machined aluminium; removableFilter discs 100 includedWeight EL45-3800 35 kg

EL45-3805 41 kg

Ordering InformationEL45-3800/01 RotaTest 1500 g Capacity. Meets EN/ASTM For 220 V AC, 50 – 60 Hz, 1ph

EL45-3805/01 RotaTest 3000 g Capacity. For 220 V AC, 50 – 60 Hz, 1ph

AccessoriesEL45-3803 Filter Papers for EL45-3800. Pack of 100

EL45-3807 Filter Papers for EL45-3805. Pack of 100

SpareEL45-3800/10 Replacement Bowl, 1500 g

Reflux Extractor (4000 gramme)ASTM D2172;AASHTO T164

■ 4000 gramme capacity■ Glass jar for visual observations■ Thermostatically controlled hot plate

The 4000 gramme capacity of the Reflux Extractor provides higheraccuracy for acceptance testing procedures.This extractor has twocone type screens holding 2000 grammes each.The unit consists oftwo cone screens, water condenser, pyrex reflux jar, athermostatically controlled hot plate and a supply of filter paper.

Specification

Capacity 4000 gBaskets Stainless steel wire, mounted; 2,000 g capacity

2 includedCondenser CopperJar Pyrex glass, 222 mm diameter x 457 mm height Hot plate Thermostatically controlledFilter paper Coarse-textured (Grade 617); 40 cm diameterWeight 8.2 kg

Ordering Information

EL45-3855/01Reflux Extractor (4000 gramme)For 220 – 240 V AC, 50 – 60 Hz, 1ph

AccessoriesEL45-3857 Filter Paper. Pack of 50

Ordering InformationEL45-6310 Compaction Mould comprising mould body, baseplate andcombined filling/ extraction collar. Weight 3.5 kg

EL45-6410 Compaction Pedestal, BS 598 comprising a 300 mm sq x 25mm thick steel plate complete with 4 tie rods and securing nuts. Amould clamp and hammer guide are fitted to the plate.The unit issupplied complete with a laminated hardwood block. Weight 40 kg

EL45-6412 Compaction Pedestal comprising a 12 inch square x 1 inchthick steel plate secured to an 8 inch square x 18 inch highwooden block. 4 angle brackets are supplied for securing the block.A specimen mould holder is fitted to the steel plate. Weight 38 kg

EL45-6460 Compaction Hammer, satisfies BS 598.The hammer has a4535 g sliding weight with a free fall of 457 mm. Weight 7.85 kg

EL45-6462 Paper Discs. Non-absorbent, 99 mm diameter, pack of 100.Weight 300 kg

EL45-6463 Steel Block 100 mm diameter x 50 mm height. For heating thecompaction hammer foot according to BS 598-107. Weight 3 kg

AccessoriesEL45-6490/01 60 L Water Bath with LED display, cover

and internal perforated shelf.Temperaturerange ambient to 95°C ±1°C.220 – 240V 50 – 60Hz 1ph.

Proctor/Core Cutter Extrudersee EL23-4200

SparesEL45-6310/10 Compaction Mould Body accepts

baseplate and filling/extraction collar ofEL45-6310

EL45-6310/11 Baseplate for compaction mould

EL45-6310/12 Filling/Extraction Collar forcompaction mould.

132

Asphalt Design and testing of bituminious mixtures45

Manual compaction in operation

EL45-6310 Compaction Moulds

EL23-6191 Bench-mounting Mixer, 5-litre nominal capacity,with EL45-5580/01 Isomantle Electric Heater

The density of Marshall specimens has a direct effect onstability and flow therefore the correct moulding andcompaction of laboratory specimens is essential ifeconomical design mixes are to be produced.

Efficient mixing, temperature and compaction control are closelyrelated. Poor coating of the aggregate due to low temperaturesduring the mixing process will have a major effect on subsequenttest results.

Mixing BS 598-107, EN 12697-35

A 5 litre (nominal) Mixer used in conjunction with an Isomantle, issuitable for mixing samples of asphalt.

Bench-mounting Mixer, 5 litre nominal capacity, Supplied withbowl, beater and whisk see EL23-6191

Ordering InformationEL45-5580/01Isomantle Electric Heater for use with EL23-6191 BenchMounting Mixer. Weight 4.2 kg. For 220 – 240 V AC, 50 Hz, 1 ph.

Mixing and Temperature Manual CompactionBS 598-107, EN 12697-30.

133

Asphalt Design and testing of bituminious mixtures45

Right: EL45-6600/01 AutoComp 100-A with Accessories

The use of automatic compaction will result in consistentand repeatable laboratory specimens.Testing houses anddesign consultants who use the Marshall method of mixdesign will benefit from automatic compaction apparatus,which releases staff for other work during the compactionprocess.

Special note: BS 598-107 recommends the use of an automaticcompactor in cases of dispute.

AutoComp 100-ABS 598-107, EN 12697-10, -30

■ Fully automatic, simple to operate■ Built-in safety features■ Uniform compaction■ Automatic blow counter

This ruggedly constructed automatic compactor provides aconsistent and even degree of compaction.The unit incorporates acompaction pedestal, comprising a laminated hardwood blocksecured to a concrete base by a 300 mm square x 25 mm thicksteel plate.The mechanism lifts the 4535 g hammer andautomatically releases it at the specified height of 457 mm.

The conveniently positioned control fascia panel comprises of amains light, start and stop buttons and a direct-reading counterused to set the required number of blows. During operation theAutoComp 100-A automatically counts down to zero. Dualrammer pick-ups have been incorporated reducing stress on themachine’s internal mechanism.

Particular attention has been paid to operator safety by theinclusion of various in-built safety features.

Specification

Dimensions (l x w x h) 535 x 535 x 1880 mmCompaction foot diameter 98.52 mmSliding weight 4535 g Height of drop 457 mmWeight 278 kg

Ordering InformationEL45-6600/01 AutoComp 100-A as specified.For 220 – 240 V AC, 50 Hz, 1 ph.

AccessoriesCompaction Mould see EL45-6310

Paper Discs see EL45-6462

Steel Block see EL45-6463

Automatic Compaction

134

Asphalt Design and testing of bituminious mixtures45

Close-up of Breaking Head (Marshall) with AccessoriesEL45-6810 series Marshall Test 50 with Accessories

The accurate measurement of stability and flow ofspecimens tested in a load frame is important if consistentand representative results are to be achieved.The loadframes and ancillary items listed have been designed toenable technicians to test specimens quickly and easily withconfident recording of results.

Marshall Test 50 BS 598-107, EN 12697-34

■ Geared screwjack and motor drive■ Precise speed■ Internal limit switch for both directions of travel■ Easy to use controls

This bench-mounting mechanical load frame is ruggedlyconstructed to encompass the strain and loads involved with thetest.The unit is compact in size and can be quickly installed on abench top, requiring only a power point. It has been designed forsimple operation and is easy to clean requiring minimummaintenance.

Specification

Dimensions (l x w x h) 550 x 400 x 870 mmRated power 373 WPlaten speed 50.8 mm per minuteWeight 65 kg

Ordering InformationEL45-6810 series Marshall Test 50. Load frame, 50 kN capacity. Supplied withoutBreaking HeadEL45-6810/01 for 220 – 240 V AC, 50 Hz, 1 ph EL45-6810/02 for 110 – 120 V AC, 60 Hz, 1 ph

EL45-6880 Flow Meter BS/EN. Dial gauge graduated 0.01 mm with 25 mmtravel. Supplied with stem brake unit and flow meter pedestal.Weight 610 g

EL45-6890 Flow Meter. Dial gauge graduated 0.001 inches with 1 inch travel.Supplied with stem brake unit and flow meter pedestal.Weight 610 g

EL45-6850 Breaking Head (Marshall) complete with gauge disc. Suppliedwithout flow meter.Weight 9 kg

50 kN Load Measuring RingCalibrated in compression see EL78-0860

Marshall Stability and Flow

135

Asphalt Design and testing of bituminious mixtures45

EL45-7010 series X/Yt Chart Recorder

Electronic Instrumentation

■ Peak load and the corresponding flow■ Windows download software supplied■ User-selectable SI, Metric and Imperial Units■ ECU features large character LCD display■ Output for X/Yt recorder included

A limitation of using conventional dial gauges in the Marshall test isthe difficulty of accurately synchronising the measurement of flowwith that of peak load reading.

To overcome this limitation the Marshall Test 50 load frame caneasily be fitted with optional electronic load and flow measurementtransducers connected to EL27-1200/09 (E)lectronic (C)ontrol(U)nit for simpler test operation and data recording.

At the end of a test the ECU will automatically hold the maximumload and flow readings enabling test data to be downloaded to aPC using the Windows software supplied as standard with ECU.

Analysis and reporting can then be easily created in MS Excel orequivalent software.

The ECU can be programmed to automatically stop the loadframe should transducer limits be exceeded protecting testaccessories and load frame drive system.

The above combination results in a powerful package to satisfymodern day laboratory Marshall testing requirements for accuracyand reliability.

Ordering InformationECU Electronic Control and Readout Unit for use with ELECBR, Multiplex and Marshall machines see EL27-1200/09

50 kN capacity S-type Load Cell see EL27-1559

EL45-6820/11 Flow Transducer, pre-calibrated,for use with EL45-6850 Breaking Head.

X/Yt Chart Recorder

Ordering InformationEL45-7010/01 X/Yt Chart Recorder. This recorder enables the automaticplotting of load against flow (strain).The instrument offers highperfomance with various sensitivity ranges. Linearity andrepeatability are both better than 0.1% f.s.d.The plotter records onA3 size paper and comes complete with time base that can beswitched in for Yt operation. Weight 14.2 kgFor 220 – 240 V AC, 50 – 60 Hz, 1 ph

EL45-6810 series Marshall Test 50 fitted with optional load and flowtransducers and ECU

Multiplex 50BS 598, 1377, 1924; EN 12697-34 ASTM D1883

Designed for performing laboratory CBR, Marshall stability andquick undrained triaxial tests on one load frame.

MultiPlex 50 Load Frame see EL25-3700

136

Asphalt Specific gravity45

Vacuum Pyknometer (6000 Gram)ASTM D2041 (Type F); AASHTO T209,T283

■ Large capacity design minimises segregation effects■ Lightweight polycarbonate construction■ Transparent top for visual observations

The Vacuum Pyknometer is a large capacity unit used in the RiceTest for determining the maximum specific gravity of bituminouspaving mixtures.

The Pyknometer has a total volume of approximately 10 litres andwill conveniently accept samples of 6000 grams to minimisesegregation effects.The unit is constructed of lightweightpolycarbonate, with the upper half being transparent for visualobservation of the effects of the vacuum.

The Vacuum Pyknometer Apparatus consistes of a 6000 gpyknometer, vacuum pump with control valves/gauges, water trapand connection tubing.

Specification

Dimensions 273 x 406 mm (outside diameter x height) Capacity Approx. 10 litres, 6000 g sample weightConnections Water inlet valve; quick disconnect for

vacuum gauge and hoseWeight 3.6 kg

Ordering InformationEL45-9305/01 Vacuum Pyknometer Apparatus supplied complete with6000 g pyknometer, vacuum pump with control valves/gauges,water trap and connection tubing.For 220 – 240 V AC, 50 Hz, 1ph

SpareEL45-9300 Vacuum Pyknometer, 6000 g

Specific GravityRice Test VibratorASTM D2041

The Rice Test Vibrator is used with the EL45-9300 6000 gVacuum Pyknometer. Adjustable clamps hold the pyknometersecurely to the base during vibration.

Specifications

Dimensions 495 x 30 mm (height x base diameter)Motor 1/20 hp, 1.6 ampWeight 5.5 kg

Ordering InformationEL45-9315/01Rice Test Vibrator. For 220 – 240 V AC, 50 Hz, 1ph

AccessoryTimer Clock see EL81-0518

SpareEL45-9315/10 Attachment for 6000 g Pyknometer

Residual-pressure Manometer(Closed End) ASTM D2041

The closed end Residual-pressure Manometer is an absolutepressure gauge which consists of a glass U-tube sealed at one end,containing a measured amount of mercury and mounted in a glassdome which is connected to the vacuum to be measured.

Specification

Base Round, metal with dual nipple connectionsRange 0 to 150 mm highScale 75 to 0 to 75 mm in 1 mm divisions

Note: Mercury not supplied by ELE

Ordering InformationEL45-9325Residual-pressure Manometer closed end

EL45-9305/01 Vacuum Pyknometer Apparatus EL45-9315/01 EL45-9325

137

Asphalt Bitumen and tar46

EL46-0900 Bacon Sampler

EL46-3310/01 Cleveland Flash Cup Apparatus

Specific Gravity Bottles

Bacon Sampler ASTM D140;AASHTO T40

The Bacon Sampler operates on the ‘thief ’ principle and can beused to obtain binder or oil samples from various depths within astorage tank.The cylindrical body is fitted with upper and lowercovers and a tapered plunger acts as a valve to admit the sample.The top cover has a lock mechanism which keeps the plungerclosed once the sample is taken. Guide holes for a drop cord (notsupplied) are located at the top and mid-point of the sampler.

Ordering InformationEL46-0900 Bacon Sampler 237 ml capacity. Overall dimensions 250 x 50 mm(length x diameter). Weight 1 kg

Sampling and Preparation

Hubbard-Carmick Specific Gravity BottlesISO 3838;ASTM D70;AASHTO T228; BS 4699

Ordering InformationEL46-2190Hubbard-Carmick Specific Gravity Bottle conical type 25 ml.

EL46-2191Hubbard-Carmick Specific Gravity Bottle cylindrical type24 ml

There are a number of test methods using differentequipment with closed or open cups.The Cleveland FlashCup Apparatus is used to test cutback bitumen and maysometimes also be used to test penetration grade bitumen.The apparatus utilises the open cup test method. Note thatresults from different methods cannot be correlated.

Cleveland Flash Cup ApparatusCleveland Open Cup MethodBS 2000-36, EN ISO 2592;ASTM D92; IP36

The Cleveland Flash Cup Apparatus is used to determine the flashand fire point of mineral oils and bitumen above 80°C.

Bench mounting design, the unit consists of a case unitincorporating the controls, test flame mechanism, protection shieldand test cup manufactured from brass.

Mounted on the case assembly is the thermometer support rodand clamp to hold the thermometer, range –6 to +400°C, that issupplied as standard.

Gas supply is conventional mains gas source.

Ordering InformationEL46-3310/01Cleveland Flash Cup Apparatus. Weight 10 kgFor 220 – 240 V AC, 50 Hz, 1 ph

Flash and Fire Points

138

Asphalt Bitumen and tar46

Rolling Thin Film Oven

EL46-4104/01 Loss on Heating/Thin Film Oven

The two ovens listed are specifically designed for the testingof bitumen.

Loss on Heating/Thin Film Oven BS 2000-45, 460-2, EN 12607-2;ASTM D6, D1754;AASHTO T47,T179, IP45,

This dual purpose oven is designed to determine the loss in weightof bitumen and flux oils (loss on heating test) and the effect ofheat and air on asphaltic materials (thin film test).

The unit is heavily insulated and has a double glass door forviewing the test chamber thermometer and samples.

Temperature is controlled at 163ºC ±1ºC by means of a variabletemperature controller and thermostat.The oven is supplied lessrotating shelves that need to be ordered seperately, seeaccessories.The platforms are rotated at 5 to 6 rpm by an externalmotor. Chamber dimensions 330 x 330 x 330 mm (length x widthx height).Weight 40 kg

Ordering InformationEL46-4104/01 Loss on Heating/Thin Film Oven For 220 – 240 V AC, 50 Hz, 1 ph

AccessoriesEL46-4104/10 Rotating Shelf for loss on heating

test complete with 9 containers, 55 mmdia x 35 mm high.

EL46-4104/12 Rotating Shelf for thin film testcomplete with 2 containers, 140 mm dia x9.5 mm high.

Rolling Thin Film Oven BS 2000-460.1, EN 12607-1;ASTM D2872; IP460-1

The Rolling Thin Film Oven Test is used to obtain a homogeneouslyaged material by the application of heat and air in order tosimulate these effects in conventional mixing.

The oven is of double wall construction with top and bottom ventsand of the heated convection type of air circulation. An electroniccontroller maintains the temperature at 163 ± 0.5ºC. A vertical,carriage is supplied to support 8 glass sample containers which arerotated at 15± 0.2 rpm.Two models are available to meet therequirements of the EN and ASTM standards.

Each oven is supplied with 8 glass sample containers and athermometer (IP 47C/ASTM 13C).Weight 55 kg

A separate source of compressed air is required to operate this oven.

Ordering InformationEL46-4154/01 Rolling Thin Film Oven,ASTMFor 220 – 240 V AC, 50 Hz, 1 ph

EL46-4156/01 Rolling Thin Film Oven, ENFor 220 – 240 V AC, 50 Hz, 1 ph

AccessoryCompressor see EL38-0320/01

SparesEL46-4154/10 Glass Sample Container

Thermometer see EL82-5259

Asphalt and Bitumen Ovens

The test is performed in duplicate under closely controlledconditions.Water is used as the bath medium for binderswith softening points below 80ºC.Above this temperatureglycerol is used in place of water. In the ASTM test the bathis not stirred and results are usually about 1.5ºC higher thanBS or IP methods.

The softening point is a fundamental property of bindersother than cutbacks and emulsions. Both BS and ASTM usesimilar apparatus and procedures and the test is oftenreferred to as the Ring and Ball test.

Ring and Ball ApparatusBS 2000-58, EN 1427,ASTM D36

Ordering InformationEL46-4605 BS/EN Ring and Ball Apparatus with 2 shouldered patternrings, 2 ball-centring guides and 2 balls.The apparatus has a supportframe and is retained in a heat resistant container. Weight 560 g

AccessoryEL46-4662 ASTM Ball Centring Guide

Spares

Description BS/EN, ASTM

Glass Container EL46-4605/10Shouldered Ring EL46-4620Ball, stainless steel, EL46-46409.5 mm diameter (pack of 10)

139

Asphalt Bitumen and tar 46

Softening Point

EL46-4821/01 Magnetic Stirrer with Ring and Ball Apparatus and Accessories

Automatic Ring and Ball ApparatusBS 2000-58, EN 1427,ASTM D36,AASHTO T53

■ Microprocessor control■ Automatic logging of bitumen softening point■ LCD display

The Automatic Ring and Ball Apparatus features microprocessorcontrol with automatic logging of the bitumen softening point.Temperature is measured via a precision PT100 sensor and thesoftening point value taken automatically by two photoelectric cells.

The device comes complete with the ring and ball frame, magneticstirrer, two test rings, two 9.5 mm diameter test balls, one knife, andone 600 mm diameter glass beaker.

Ordering InformationEL46-4850/01 Automatic Ring and Ball ApparatusFor 230 V AC, 50 Hz, 1 ph

EL46-4821/01 Magnetic Stirrer. Utilises a rotating magnetic field to inducevariable speed stirring action. A built-in regulating transformerprovides fine temperature control of liquid up to a maximumtemperature of 140°C. Supplied complete with immersion heater,bosshead and clamp, the unit is suitable for use with the Ring andBall Apparatus. Weight 2 kg.For 220 – 240 V AC, 50 – 60 Hz, 1 ph.

AccessoriesThermometer (IP 60C)

see EL82-5261

Thermometer (IP 61C)see EL82-5263

Thermometer (IP 89C)see EL82-5265

EL46-4850/01 Automatic Ring and Ball Apparatus

140

Asphalt Bitumen and tar46

EL46-5380/01 Automatic Penetrometer with Accessories

EL46-5295 series Semi-automatic Penetrometer with Accessories

Penetration TestBS 2000-49 EN 1426, 13179-2, ;ASTM D5;AASHTO T49; IP 49

Ordering InformationEL46-5290 Standard Penetrometer. Penetration readings are quickly takenusing this simple to operate apparatus.The 150 mm diameter dialis graduated in 400 divisions of 0.1 mm.The indicating pointer isfitted with a friction/geared knob which can be rotated freely toany position on the dial. Resetting the needle can be carried outquickly and positively ready for the next measurement Suppliedwithout needles and penetration tins. Weight 6 kg

EL46-5295/01Semi-automatic Penetrometer. As EL46-5290 butincorporates Digital Automatic Controller which releases theneedle assembly.The time set is displayed by a bright easy to readdisplay. Weight 8.6 kg.For 220 – 240 V AC, 50 – 60 Hz,1 ph

AccessoriesEL46-5340/C Penetration Needle, hardened steel

supplied with an NPL (National PhysicalLaboratory, UK) verification certificate. Fortesting to BS 2000-49 and ASTM D5. (Packcontains 1 needle only). Weight 2.5 g

EL46-5360/10 Penetration Needle (unverified),hardened steel

EL46-5500/01Constant Temperature Bath. A bench mounting bath speciallydesigned for the conditioning of bitumen samples prior topenetration or ductility tests. Incorporating a highly accuratethermostat, the bath maintains a temperature between 21 and56ºC ±0.1ºC. An integral cooling coil, cover and deep tray forpenetration testing are supplied as standard. Weight 18.2 kg.For 220 – 240 V AC, 50 Hz, 1 ph.

Automatic Penetrometer

■ Fully automatic■ Microprocessor control■ Optoelectronic penetration detection

The unit is compact with an anodised aluminium baseplate, levellingscrews, spirit level, centring guide and optoelectronic detection ofdepth penetration. Penetration depth is displayed in increments of0.01 mm.

Ordering InformationEL46-5380/01 Automatic Penetrometer supplied without penetrationneedles. Dimensions (l x w x h) 260 x 320 x 540 mm.Weight 23 kg.For 220 – 240 V AC, 50 – 60 Hz, 1 ph.

AccessoriesEL46-5380/11 Penetration Needle, 2.5 ± 0.05 g

EL46-5380/12 50 g Weight

EL46-5800 Transfer Dish

EL46-5860 Penetration Tin for penetrationsbetween 200 and 350, approximately 70mm diameter x 45 mm deep. Weight 30 g

EL46-5861 Penetration Tin for penetrations below200, approximately 55 mm diameter x 35mm deep. Weight 25 g.

Asphalt Temperature, density47

142

EL47-0450 PRD Split Mould and Baseplate with Accessories

EL47-0202 Digital Aspalt Thermometer with Probe

Delivery and compaction temperatures are probably themost common measurements taken during the placing ofbituminous mixtures.

Digital Asphalt Thermometer

Supplied without probes the LCD display has large 12.5 mm characters and is powered by a standard PP3 battery or equivalent.

Specification

Range –50 to 1000ºCResolution Switchable 0.1 or 1.0°CWeight 300 g

Ordering InformationEL47-0202Digital Asphalt Thermometer

Accessories

EL47-0202/10 EL47-0202/11 EL47-0202/14

250 535 SurfaceAsphalt Asphalt ProbeProbe Probe

Max reading 250ºC 250ºC 500ºCLength of probe 300 mm 500 mm 100 mmTip diameter 6 mm 6 mm 4 mm(needle point)

Probes are supplied with handle, 1 metre lead and K-typethermocouple plug as standard.

Temperature

Percentage Refusal Density (PRD) BS 598-104, EN 12697-32, 13280-4

Percentage Refusal Density (PRD) is defined as the ratio of theinitial dried bulk density of the sample to the final density (refusaldensity) expressed as a percentage.

The sample bulk density is determined by weighing in air andwater. It is then heated in a split mould and compacted to refusalusing a vibrating hammer.The final density is obtained by weighingin air and water.

Ordering InformationEL47-0450PRD Split Mould and Baseplate Weight 10.7 kg

AccessoriesEL47-0455/01 Vibrating Hammer suitable for

compacting asphalt samples. Weight 12.5 kg220 – 240 V AC, 50 – 60 Hz, 1 ph

EL47-0460 Small Tamping Foot 102 mm diameter

EL47-0470 Large Tamping Foot 146 mm diameter

EL47-0480 300 mm Shank for tamping foot.

Heavy-duty Oven see EL78-0120/01

Buoyancy Balance 15 kg x 0.5 g see EL34-8100/01

Cradle see EL34-8105

Density

Asphalt Core drilling 47

143143

EL47-5160 Universal Core Drill with Core Barrel

EL47-5175 Compact Core Drill with Core Barrel

Universal Core Drilling MachineEN 12504-1

This universal core drilling equipment is designed to cut cores upto 150 mm diameter from concrete, asphalt and similar hardconstruction materials.

The equipment comprises a base unit, support column, feed unitwith bullseye spirit level and a motor with water swivel attachment.The base has adjustable feet and all units have the facility for rapidreturn of the drill assembly at completion of drilling.The feedmechanism of all models can be rotated enabling variable drillingangles.

Specification

EL47-5010/01 Electric Model EL47-5160 Petrol ModelConvenient for use in buildings Ideal for remote sites1.5 kW power 3 hp 2 stroke engine2 speed, 450 and 900 rpm 180 to 400 rpmWeight 75 kg Weight 75 kg

Ordering InformationEL47-5010/01 Universal Core Drill with Electric Motor Unit.For 220 – 240 V AC, 50 – 60 Hz, 1 ph.

EL47-5160Universal Core Drill with Petrol Motor Unit

Special note: All versions require a continuous clean watersupply via a 12 mm flexible hose (not supplied).

Compact Core Drill Machine

This compact and portable core drilling machine is designed to cutcores up to 150 mm diameter from concrete, asphalt and similarhard construction material.The machine comprises a verticalsupport column which carries the drill head/motor assembly.

An integral water swivel is built into the drill head providing a12 mm connection to an external water supply via 12 mm flexiblehose (not supplied).The motor assembly comprises a 4 hp, 2-stroke petrol engine. Speeds of 800 rpm or 1200 rpm maybe selected. A ball screw mechanism enables close control overdrilling pressure and rapid return when drilling is completed.

The complete assembly is supplied on a rigid metal base framewith levelling facility and is suitable for vertically down drillingapplications only.

Ordering InformationEL47-5175Compact Core Drill with Petrol Motor Unit.

Core Barrels

Suitable for use with the Universal and Compact Core DrillingMachines, this range of core barrels comprise a thin-wall tube450 mm long with a series of cutting segments formed fromdiamond abrasive set in a specially formulated hard matrix.Thecutting face has been carefully designed to remove material rapidlyand obtain the highest possible drilling rates.

The solid back end includes a threaded fitting to connect to thewaterswivel assembly of the core drill.

Size (diameter) Core barrel

50 mm EL47-551575 mm EL47-5525 100 mm EL47-5565 150 mm EL47-5605

Core Drilling

Asphalt Pavement47

144

EL47-3025 Travelling Beam Device withAutographic Recorder Unit

Travelling Beam Device

The 3 metre long Travelling Beam Device is used to check for anyirregularities in both concrete and bituminous road surfaces. Asensing unit comprising a wheel connected to an indicator providesa magnification of 4:1. Deviation of the surface from a straight-lineis shown on a scale calibrated in increments of 2 mm up to 10 mmand 5 mm up to 25 mm. A dye-marker is fitted which may be usedto identify suspect areas. Outrigger wheels provide mobility on site.The device is supplied as three sub-assemblies which are quicklyassembled on site.

The Travelling Beam is supplied fitted with an autographic recorderproviding a permanent record of the surface profile. Records up to1 kilometre can be recorded on the special chart paper rolls used.

Ordering InformationEL47-3025Travelling Beam Device with Autographic Recorder, 3metres long. Supplied without recorder charts (order separately).Weight 66 kg

AccessoriesEL47-3130 Charts for Autographic Recorder.

Pack of 10 rolls complete with 10 fibre-tipped pens.The charts are calibrated inunits of 2 mm up to 10 mm and units of5 mm up to 25 mm and will record up to acontinuous distance of 1 kilometre.Weight 2.3 kg

SparesEL47-3131 Fibre-tipped Pen for use with EL47-3025

EL47-1460 Benkelman Beam with Accessories

Benkelman BeamAASHTO T256

■ Lightweight construction■ Compact, telescopic design■ Direct reading of deflection■ Anti-vibration system

Designed for maximum operator efficiency, the Benkelman Beam ismanufactured from a lightweight, durable material which telescopesinto a small, compact unit for ease of storage and transport. Directreading dial gauges (order separately) are available in SI and imperialunits of measurement.

Specification

Dimensions Main body (length) 1397 mm Arm (telescopic) extended 2400 mmOperating length, fully extended 3700 mm

Beam fulcrum ratio 2:1Weight 15.9 kg

Ordering InformationEL47-1460Benkelman Beam

Accessories

EL47-1460/10 Horizontal Dial Gauge0.4 inch range x 0.002 inch divisions.

EL47-1460/12 Vertical Dial Gauge1 inch range x 0.002 inch divisions.

EL47-1460/14 Vertical Dial Gauge25 mm range x 0.02 mm divisions.

Pavement FlexureSurface Regularity

145

EL47-0011 Calibrated Spring Balance with EL47-0012 Tray and Chains

EL47-3802 Macrotexture Depth Apparatus

Asphalt Texture 47

A good surface texture is necessary at high vehicle speeds tofacilitate rapid drainage of water from the road surface andto utilise the tyre tread rubber to absorb some of the kineticenergy of the vehicle.

Macrotexture Depth ApparatusEN 13036-1;ASTM E965

Meeting the requirements of BS EN 13036-1:2002 and ASTME965 for measuring the surface macrotexture depth of concreteand bituminous pavement surfaces using a volumetric patchtechnique.The ELE Macrotexture Depth apparatus enables ameasured volume of solid glass spheres to be spread in a circulararea onto the pavement surface.The texture depth is calculatedfrom the diameter of the area covered relative to the volume ofmaterial used.

Ordering InformationEL47-3802 Macrotexture Depth Apparatus supplied as a complete kit incarrying case. Weight 5.5kg

Set includes:

1 Carrying Case1 Wire Brush1 Hard Spreader Disc2 Containers filled with Glass Spheres1 30 cm Rule1 Windshield1 Soft Brush1 25ml Measuring Cylinder

Note: the material containers are supplied filled with solidglass spheres, having a minimum of 90% by weight passing a0.25mm sieve and retained on a 0.18mm sieve

SpareEL47-3802/12 Solid Glass Spheres for Macrotexture

Depth Apparatus. Weight 25kg

Resistance to Friction

The resistance to friction of surfaces such as roads, airfieldpavements, pedestrian walkways and floors is a requirement ofmany standard specifications.One device developed by the Transport Research Laboratory ofGreat Britain is often used to determine this importantcharacteristic.The apparatus is fully described in Section 42,Aggregates.

Friction Tester see EL42-6000

Surface Dressing

The main purpose of a surface dressing is to prevent weathering,disintegration of the pavement and to increase the resistance toskidding in wet weather.The rate of spread and application of thechippings and binder is specified for most applications.Testmethods have been developed to determine the actual rate ofspread and are described in British Standards.

Rate of Spread of Coated Chippings BS 598-108, EN 12272-1

The equipment comprises a tray 300 mm square which, when usedin conjunction with a specially calibrated spring balance, willdetermine the rate of spread of coated chippings in terms ofkg/m2.The spring loaded balance will accept rates of spreadbetween 4 and 16 kg/m2.

Between 5 and 10 trays are positioned in the path of the spreadingmachine and after the machine has passed over, each tray is lifted,together with the retained chippings by means of four chains.Thechains are hooked to the spring balance and the rate of spread isread directly from the balance scale.

Ordering InformationEL47-0011Calibrated Spring Balance. Weight 800 g

EL47-0012Tray and Chains comprising one 300 mm square tray and fourchains.

Texture