asphalt mixture essentials
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Asphalt Mixture Essentials](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042903/6269c7fad168c601484c36b8/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Asphalt Mixture EssentialsTanya Nash, P.E.
Asphalt Testing Solutions & Engineering
![Page 2: Asphalt Mixture Essentials](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042903/6269c7fad168c601484c36b8/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Objectives
• Materials of an Asphalt Mixture• Asphalt Binder • Aggregates• Recycled Materials
• Asphalt Mixtures• Addressing the Issues• Asphalt Essentials
![Page 3: Asphalt Mixture Essentials](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042903/6269c7fad168c601484c36b8/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Materials of Asphalt Mixtures
Makes up 93 to 96% of the mixture weight
Acts as the skeleton of the pavement mixture
– Skid resistance– Stability– Workability
Makes up 4 to 7% of the mixture weight
Acts as the “glue” or “muscle” of the mix
– Flexibility– Durability
AggregateAsphalt Binder
![Page 4: Asphalt Mixture Essentials](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042903/6269c7fad168c601484c36b8/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Materials - Asphalt Binder
What is it?• a.k.a. Asphalt, Bitumen, Oil,
Binder• Petroleum by-product
Where does it come from?• Gilsonite• Tar Sands• Trinidad Lake Pitch• Refined Crude Oil
![Page 5: Asphalt Mixture Essentials](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042903/6269c7fad168c601484c36b8/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Materials – Asphalt Binder
• Crude is pumped from ground• Transported to refinery • Undergoes Fractional distillation
• Crude is heated to drive off the volatiles or lighter products
• First atmospheric and then under vacuum (prevents cracking)
• What is left over after vacuum distillation is used as a feedstock for asphalt
![Page 6: Asphalt Mixture Essentials](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042903/6269c7fad168c601484c36b8/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
![Page 7: Asphalt Mixture Essentials](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042903/6269c7fad168c601484c36b8/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Materials – Asphalt Binder
Pavements see many temperatures and loads
Heavy Trucks
![Page 8: Asphalt Mixture Essentials](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042903/6269c7fad168c601484c36b8/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Grading system based on climate
PG 67-22
Materials – Asphalt Binder
PerformanceGrade
Average 7-daymax pavementdesign temp
Min pavementdesign temp
![Page 9: Asphalt Mixture Essentials](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042903/6269c7fad168c601484c36b8/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Materials – Asphalt Binder
8
25
DSR
No Aging(Original)
RTFO(Short-Term)
PAV Aging(Long-Term)
Construction Rutting Fatigue Low Temperature Cracking
![Page 10: Asphalt Mixture Essentials](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042903/6269c7fad168c601484c36b8/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Materials – Asphalt Binder
Certificate of Analysis (COA)• Document issued
by Liquid Supplier that confirms that the product meets the noted specification.
![Page 11: Asphalt Mixture Essentials](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042903/6269c7fad168c601484c36b8/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
![Page 12: Asphalt Mixture Essentials](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042903/6269c7fad168c601484c36b8/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Materials - Asphalt Binder
Modified or Engineered Binders
Polymers Chemical Additives
Ground Tire Rubber
Softening Agents
![Page 13: Asphalt Mixture Essentials](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042903/6269c7fad168c601484c36b8/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Materials - Aggregate
Sedimentary - Sandstone
Igneous - Granite Metamorphic - Quartzite
![Page 14: Asphalt Mixture Essentials](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042903/6269c7fad168c601484c36b8/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Materials - Aggregate
Physical• Specific Gravity & Absorption• Angularity• Particle Shape• Sand Equivalent• Methylene Blue• Deleterious Materials• Gradation
Mechanical• Hardness• Soundness• Polish Susceptibility
• Chemical • Surface Charge
![Page 15: Asphalt Mixture Essentials](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042903/6269c7fad168c601484c36b8/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Materials - Aggregate• Cubical• Angular• “Good” Surface Texture• Resist breakdown• Withstand environmental conditions• Clean• Surface Chemistry
![Page 16: Asphalt Mixture Essentials](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042903/6269c7fad168c601484c36b8/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Materials – Aggregate
• Aggregate Sources used in asphalt
• Aggregate Suppliers will provide Certified Test Report
Aggregate mines
Aggregate terminals
![Page 17: Asphalt Mixture Essentials](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042903/6269c7fad168c601484c36b8/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Materials - Aggregates
Oolitic Limestone Granite
![Page 18: Asphalt Mixture Essentials](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042903/6269c7fad168c601484c36b8/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
![Page 19: Asphalt Mixture Essentials](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042903/6269c7fad168c601484c36b8/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Materials – Recycled Materials
![Page 20: Asphalt Mixture Essentials](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042903/6269c7fad168c601484c36b8/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Materials – Recycled MaterialsRecycled Asphalt Pavement (Milled Material)
![Page 21: Asphalt Mixture Essentials](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042903/6269c7fad168c601484c36b8/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Materials – Recycled MaterialsTable 334-2
Asphalt Binder Grade for Mixes Contains RAPPercent RAP Asphalt Binder Grade
0 – 15 PG 67-22
16 – 30 PG 58-22
>30 PG 52-28The bituminous material specification requirements are outlined in Section 916.
![Page 22: Asphalt Mixture Essentials](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042903/6269c7fad168c601484c36b8/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Select Materials•Binder•Aggregates
Design Aggregate Structure
Design Asphalt Binder
Content
Evaluate Moisture
Sensitivity
Asphalt Mixtures
![Page 23: Asphalt Mixture Essentials](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042903/6269c7fad168c601484c36b8/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Asphalt Mixtures
• Goal • Design mixtures having a strong aggregate skeleton for rut resistance • Enough (but not too much) asphalt and air voids for durability
• Volumetric properties form the basis for aggregate gradation and asphalt binder selection
• Good laboratory indicator of how mix will perform in the field
![Page 24: Asphalt Mixture Essentials](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042903/6269c7fad168c601484c36b8/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Asphalt Mixtures
#200 #30#100 #50 #16 #8 #4 3/8" 1/2" 3/4"0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Perc
ent P
assi
ng
Sieve Size
Spec Limit Design
SIEVE SIZE JOB MIX FORMULA
CONTROL POINTS
3/4" (19.0mm) 100
1/2" (12.5mm) 100 100
3/8" (9.5mm) 99 89 – 100
No. 4 (4.75mm) 74 – 89
No. 8 (2.36mm) 55 32 – 67
No. 16 (1.18mm) 44
No. 30 (600µm) 37
No. 50 (300µm) 30
No. 100 (150µm) 14
No. 200 (75µm) 5.8 2 - 10
![Page 25: Asphalt Mixture Essentials](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042903/6269c7fad168c601484c36b8/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Asphalt MixturesFine versus Coarse versus Porous Mixtures
![Page 26: Asphalt Mixture Essentials](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042903/6269c7fad168c601484c36b8/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Asphalt Mixtures
Wolf Paving, “Porous Asphalt Paving – Cost and Environmental Benefits.” (2017). www.wolfpaving.com/blog
Basketball court at Celebration Dream Center paved by Duval Asphalt Products in 2018
![Page 27: Asphalt Mixture Essentials](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042903/6269c7fad168c601484c36b8/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Asphalt Mixtures
![Page 28: Asphalt Mixture Essentials](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042903/6269c7fad168c601484c36b8/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Florida Department of Transportation
Select Materials•Binder•Aggregates
Design Aggregate Structure
Design Asphalt Binder
Content
Evaluate Moisture
Sensitivity
Asphalt Mixtures
![Page 29: Asphalt Mixture Essentials](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042903/6269c7fad168c601484c36b8/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Asphalt MixturesTests the potential for a mixture to be damaged by the presence of moisture
![Page 30: Asphalt Mixture Essentials](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042903/6269c7fad168c601484c36b8/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Florida Department of Transportation
Select Materials•Binder•Aggregates
Design Aggregate Structure
Design Asphalt Binder
Content
Evaluate Moisture
Sensitivity
![Page 31: Asphalt Mixture Essentials](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042903/6269c7fad168c601484c36b8/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Asphalt Mixtures
• Modifiers• Fillers (Hydrated Lime, Portland Cement,
Dust) • Fibers (Polyester, Polyolefin / Aramid,
Cellulose, Mineral)• Recycled Materials (Recycled Asphalt
Shingles, Tires, Glass, printer cartridges)
• Performance DrivenAsphalt Boral, Australia – Boral builds Perth street with recycled asphalt, glass, plastic and tyres. https://www.boral.com.au/articles/media-release/ (7 June 2019)
![Page 32: Asphalt Mixture Essentials](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042903/6269c7fad168c601484c36b8/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Asphalt Mixtures – Performance
• Smooth Surface & Structurally Sound
• Mixture• Stability – flow of mixture at unsupported edges• Stripping / Durability – not enough or loss of asphalt and/or aggregate• Cracking – Brittle, aged• Bleeding – excess asphalt, run-off, fat-spots• Compaction – high air voids excess or trapped water – blistering; iron spots
![Page 33: Asphalt Mixture Essentials](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042903/6269c7fad168c601484c36b8/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Asphalt MixturesFDOT Asphalt Mixtures• Superpave Asphalt Concrete (334)
• Structural asphalt mixtures• SP-9.5, SP-12.5, SP-19.0
• Asphalt Concrete Friction Courses (337)• FC-9.5, FC-12.5, FC-5 (OGFC)
• Superpave Asphalt Base (234)• B-12.5
• Asphalt Treated Permeable Base (ATPB) (287)• Used under PCC pavements
SIEVE SIZE JOB MIX FORMULA
CONTROL POINTS
3/4" (19.0mm)
1/2" (12.5mm) 100
3/8" (9.5mm) 89 – 100
No. 4 (4.75mm) - 89
No. 8 (2.36mm) 56 - 65 32 - 67
No. 16 (1.18mm)
No. 30 (600µm)
No. 50 (300µm)
No. 100 (150µm)
No. 200 (75µm) 2 - 10
![Page 34: Asphalt Mixture Essentials](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042903/6269c7fad168c601484c36b8/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Asphalt MixtureDesign Types
SI 12.5mm
SIII 9.5mm
Asphalt Binder
AC-20 PG 64-22
AC-30 PG 67-22
![Page 35: Asphalt Mixture Essentials](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042903/6269c7fad168c601484c36b8/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Addressing the Issues
STABILITYConsolidation Shoving / Lateral Movement
DURABILITYRavelingLoss of cohesion / adhesion
Shoving Photo Courtesy of Pavement Interactive – Pavement Distresses (https://www.pavementinteractive.org)
![Page 36: Asphalt Mixture Essentials](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042903/6269c7fad168c601484c36b8/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Addressing the IssuesPatching• Still a defect• Joints• Roughness
Hot Mix Asphalt Materials, Mixture Design, and Construction. National Asphalt Paving Association Education Foundation. Lanham, MD.
![Page 37: Asphalt Mixture Essentials](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042903/6269c7fad168c601484c36b8/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Addressing the Issues
BLEEDING Excess asphalt
Bleeding Photos Courtesy of Pavement Interactive – Pavement Distresses (https://www.pavementinteractive.org)
![Page 38: Asphalt Mixture Essentials](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042903/6269c7fad168c601484c36b8/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Addressing the IssuesCoarse Sand Removing Excess
Lawson, W.D. (2007). Maintenance Solutions for Bleeding and Flushed Pavements Surfaced with a Seal Coat or Surface Treatment.
Caterpillar Motor Grader
Infrared Heat-Planerhttps://tracklessvehicles.com/Products/Concrete-Asphalt/Infrared-Asphalt-Heater
![Page 39: Asphalt Mixture Essentials](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042903/6269c7fad168c601484c36b8/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Addressing the Issues
Trapped Water• Bleeding or Flushing (Water)
• Pumping (Water and Fines)
• Blistering of asphalt & coatings
• Pyrite formation
Compaction
High Water TablePoor Drainage
Water evaporation / Vapor Pressure
High Iron Content in Aggregate
![Page 40: Asphalt Mixture Essentials](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042903/6269c7fad168c601484c36b8/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
![Page 41: Asphalt Mixture Essentials](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042903/6269c7fad168c601484c36b8/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Acrylic surface coating containing rust inhibitor
The Kleingers Group: “Tennis Court Rust Spot Repair Options” (2018) https://www.kleingers.com/tennis-court-rust-spot-repair/
![Page 42: Asphalt Mixture Essentials](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042903/6269c7fad168c601484c36b8/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Addressing the Issues
Depression / RuttingStripping / Raveling / PotholesBleedingWater Bleeding and Pumping
Patching
• Alligator (Fatigue) Cracking• Block Cracking• Corrugation and Shoving• Joint Reflection Cracking• Longitudinal Cracking• Polished Aggregate• Slippage Cracking• Transverse (Thermal) Cracking
![Page 43: Asphalt Mixture Essentials](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042903/6269c7fad168c601484c36b8/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Asphalt Mixtures – Essentials
• Mix Design• Type of Mix• Recycled Material• Type of Binder• Modifier
• Testing• Asphalt Content / Gradation
• Paperwork• Certificates of Analysis • Bill of Ladings• Certified Test Reports
![Page 44: Asphalt Mixture Essentials](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042903/6269c7fad168c601484c36b8/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Questions?
Tanya Nash, [email protected](904) 510-3072
Asphalt Testing Solutions & Engineering7544 Philips HwyJacksonville, Florida 32256