asphyxiation training material eiga
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OXYGEN DEFICIENCY
ASPHYXIATION DANGER
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EIGA
AVENUE DES ARTS 3 5 B-1210 BRUSSELSPHONE +32 2 217 70 98 FAX + 32 2 219 85 14 E-mail : [email protected]
EIGA 2002 - EIGA grants permission to reproduce this publication provided the Association is acknowledged as the source
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DISCLAIMER
All technical publications ofEIGA or under EIGAs name, including Codes
of practice, Safety procedures and any other technical informationcontained in such publications were obtained from sources believed to be
re a e an are ase on tec n ca n ormat on an exper ence current y
available from members of EIGA and others at the date of their issuance.
While EIGA recommends reference to or use of its publications by itsmembers, such reference to or use of EIGAs publications by its members
or third parties are purely voluntary and not binding. Therefore, EIGA or its
members make no guarantee of the results and assume no liability or
respons y n connec on w e re erence o or use o n orma on or suggestions contained in EIGAs publications.
EIGA has no control whatsoever as regards, performance or non
performance, misinterpretation, proper or improper use of any information
or suggestions contained in EIGAs publications by any person or entity(including EIGA members) and EIGA expressly disclaims any liability in
connec on ere o.
EIGAs publications are subject to periodic review and users are cautioned
to obtain the latest edition.
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EIGA
EUROPEAN INDUSTRIAL GASES ASSOCIATIONAVENUE DES ARTS 3 5 B-1210 BRUSSELS
PHONE +32 2 217 70 98 FAX + 32 2 219 85 14 E-mail : [email protected]
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A S IOUS HA AS IOUS HA AASPHYXIATION DANGER
A SERIOUS HAZARDSERIOUS HAZARDIt's a phenomenon SUDDEN
WITHOUT WARNING
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3 WEEKS WITHOUT FOOD3 DAYS WITHOUT DRINK
3 MINUTES WITHOUT BREATHING2 BREATHS WITHOUT OXYGEN
ENDANGER YOUR LIFEENDANGER YOUR LIFE
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IN CASE OF TOTAL OXYGEN DEFICIENCY
the blood suddenly loses its oxygen
SUDDEN O2 DEFICIENCYUDDEN O2 DEFICIENCYBLOOD
ATMOSPHERE
NORMAL CONDITIONORMAL CONDITIONBLOOD ATMOSPHERE
O2
CO2
O2
CO2
O2 contentin blood
O2 content
in blood
WITH 0% OXYGEN, THE SECOND BREATH WILL CAUSELOSS OF CONSCIOUSNESS WITHOUT WARNINGITHOUT WARNING
WITHIN A FEW MINUTES,BRAIN DAMAGE MAY BE IRREVERSIBLERAIN DAMAGE MAY BE IRREVERSIBLE29/10/02 Page 5EIGAEIGA
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IN CASE OF PROGRESSIVE OXYGEN DEFICIENCYOxygen content is decreasing in bloodO P i2 content less than18%
Vertigoheadache
Progressiveasphyxiationreduction and loss ofconsciousness
These symptoms are similar to those of generalmalaise and are not recognised as asphyxiation by
headachespeech dif ficulties dulling of the mind
loss of muscle control
malaise and are not recognised as asphyxiation bythe victim (inert gases are odourless, colourless,tasteless)The victim tries to overcome this by himselfhe victim tries to overcome this by himself
THE VICTIM DOES NOT CALL FOR HELPHE VICTIM DOES NOT CALL FOR HELPOVER A CERTAIN THRESHOLD, THE VICTIM CAN'T REACTAN'T REACT :
THE LOSS OF CONSCIOUSNESS ISHE LOSS OF CONSCIOUSNESS ISSUDDENUDDEN29/10/02 Page 6EIGAEIGA
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In allll cases:THE VICTIM NEVEREVER REALISES THE RISK
With less than 6% of oxygen :ith less than 6% of oxygen :immediate loss of consciousnessmmediate loss of consciousness
If the Oxygen atmosphere deficiency is only between 100 and 188% :
THE VICTIM FEELS ONLY GENERAL MALAISEHE VICTIM FEELS ONLY GENERAL MALAISEHE VICTIM FEELS ONLY GENERAL MALAISEAND DOES NOT RELATE THISND DOES NOT RELATE THISND DOES NOT RELATE THISTO THE ONSET OF ASPHYXIATIONO THE ONSET OF ASPHYXIATIONO THE ONSET OF ASPHYXIATIONO THE ONSET OF ASPHYXIATIONO THE ONSET OF ASPHYXIATIONO THE ONSET OF ASPHYXIATION
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OXYGENOXYGEN IS ESSENTIAL FOR :
and BRAINBRAIN PROCESSESIf the blood fails in bringing oxygen:f the blood fails in bringing oxygen: Cells don't operate anymore Loss of consciousness
(paralysis, comatose state, ...)
.....
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AsphyxiationAsphyxiationis a phenomenon ...
INSIDIOUSINSIDIOUS
ASPHYXIATION DANGER
SUDDENSUDDEN WITHOUT WARNINGWITHOUT WARNING
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THE
OF
ASPHYXIATIONASPHYXIATION
may arise
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How can you identifya confined space ?confined space ?ASPHYXIATION DANGER
A confined spaceconfined space is a space which has anyany of
the following characteristics :
limited opening for entry and exitlimited opening for entry and exit
not designed for continuousnot designed for continuous
worker occupancyworker occupancy
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How can you identifya confined space ?confined space ?If ou are re uired to construct or work in a :
ASPHYXIATION DANGER
Boiler, cupola, degreaser, furnace, pipeline, pit,Boiler, cupola, degreaser, furnace, pipeline, pit,
pump ng s a on, reac on or process vesse ,pump ng s a on, reac on or process vesse ,septic tank, sewage digester, sewer, silo,septic tank, sewage digester, sewer, silo,
storage tank, ship's hold, utility vault, vat,storage tank, ship's hold, utility vault, vat, or
similar type of enclosure ...
You are working in a confined spaceYou are working in a confined space
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Attention !ttention !ASPHYXIATION DANGER
O deficient atmos heresdeficient atmos heres
can arisecan arise,,
when gases are stored orwhen gases are stored orusedused
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You must :ASPHYXIATION DANGERe aware o e r s ,
Always implement a safe system
of work before allowing people toenter
into a confined space
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You must :ASPHYXIATION DANGERMake operators aware of the risk
Implement a procedure to authorise the
accessWarn people of the danger, place signs at
entrances to areas where O2 deficiency
may arise
Develop and apply safety measures
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You must also :ASPHYXIATION DANGERDevelop and apply appropriate
ANDAND
Always monitor the oxygen content
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IN ALL CASES:IN ALL CASES:
PLACE SIGNSTO WARN OFO WARN OFTHE DANGERSPHYXIATION DANGER
TO ALERT THE OPERATORSI f b t th i knform about the riskTrain in the methodrain in the methodto detect the danger
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RESCUE
Rescuers must be trained in and follow
ASPHYXIATION DANGER
established emergency procedures and
use appropriate equipment and techniques
drills should be conducted frequentlyon emergency procedures
emem eremem er :
an unplanned rescue will probably be your last
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KEY WORD :KEY WORD :
When you design a gas installationWhen you install and commission a gashen you install and commission a gasinstallationWh k i t ll tihen you work on a gas installationBefore acting in an emergency or abnormal eventBefore reacting to any accident or incident
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MISTAKES IN GAS USE :Preventive measuresRESPECT PRODUCT SPECIFIC
Preventive measuresCONNECTIONS designed to segregateproduct
IDENTIFY PIPESusers : a e y a a s ee s,
safety notices
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MISTAKES IN GAS USE :Preventive measuresreventive measuresALWAYS CHECK WHERE GAS RELEASES WILL GO:
the cold vapour from cryogenic liquids vent exhausts the outlets of safety valves and rupture discs
VERIFY periodically the extraction efficiencyInstall, if necessary, an ANALYSER with alarmVENT rooms where liquid gases are utilised or storedENT rooms where liquid gases are utilised or stored
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SPACES WHERE INERTING IS CARRIED OUTPACES WHERE INERTING IS CARRIED OUT : to protect a product, orSPACES WHERE INERTING IS CARRIED OUTPACES WHERE INERTING IS CARRIED OUT : to protect a product, oro protect a product, or to allow work, such as weldingto protect a product, or to allow work, such as welding
EXPLAIN ASPHYXIATION DANGERXPLAIN ASPHYXIATION DANGERCREATE A PROCEDURE TO ENTER : WORK PERMITORK PERMITPREPARE FOR EMERGENCIES with appropriateequipment :
self contained breathing apparatuself contained breathing apparatus oxygen meter safety harness ropesi h winchTRAIN PEOPLE to verify the equipment &procedures before issuing the permit ASPHYXIATION DANGER
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MEASURES FOR ENTERING A CONFINED SPACEEASURES FOR ENTERING A CONFINED SPACEBefore entering : assess risks and
MEASURES FOR ENTERING A CONFINED SPACEEASURES FOR ENTERING A CONFINED SPACEBefore entering : assess risks andconsequences to yourself and otheronsequences to yourself and other
; Pipe vents to a safearea; Look for leaks
; Any noise indicatinga possible leakAbnormal fluid flow; Do not rely on a closed
valve which may leak; Always use physical
Abnormal fluid flow
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CONCLUSION:CONCLUSION If you hear a gas leak, If you see cold vapours,
ASPHYXIATION DANGER
If you have symptoms of generalmalaise, If a colleague lies unconsciousf a colleague lies unconscious
CONSIDERCONSIDER IMPLEMENTIMPLEMENTLEAVELEAVEthethe
ASPHYXIATIONASPHYXIATION
thethe
APPROPRIATEAPPROPRIATE
thethe
DANGERDANGER
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