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Assessing the Electric Vehicles Supply Equipment (EVSE, charging station) in GeorgiaSoheil ShayeghEnterprise Innovation Institute

BackgroundAtlanta:No. 2 in Electric Vehicle (EV) adoptionBiggest US market for Nissan Leaf salesIncentives:$5,000 state tax credit$7,500 federal tax creditOpportunity:80% of EVs in five metro Atlanta counties

EV Charging Timeline

1994-2000: GM inductive MagneCharge for home charging2009: Inductive charging standard SAE-J1772

2010:SAE-J1772 adopted by GM, Chrysler, Ford, Toyota, Honda, Nissan and Tesla2010:The CHdeMO standard developed in Japan. 2011:SAE Combined Charging System (Combo Coupler) introduced2012:Audi, BMW, Daimler, Ford, General Motors, Porsche and Volkswagen agreed to introduce Combo CouplerTechnology3

Level 1Level 2Level 3

Technology

Source: http://www.mpoweruk.com/infrastructure.htm

TechnologyCharging TypeCharging optionCapacityEquipmentRangeLevel 1120 VAC, 15 or 20 ampsA cord: standard, three-prong household plug and a J1772 standard connector2-5 miles per hour of chargingLevel 2240-280 VAC, 20 or 100 amps

J1772-connector10-20 miles per hour of chargingLevel 3DC fast charge480 VAC, 125 ampsoff-board charger to provide the AC to DC conversion30 min to charge 80% batterySource: Installation Guide For Electric Vehicle Supply Equipment (EVSE), The Massachusetts Department of Energy Resources, 2011TechnologyCharging time and Range AnxietyRange Anxiety:Battery swappingTesla (90 sec, every supercharging station, $60)Issues: customer trust, battery ownershipFree loaner

TechnologyEconomic Analysis for adoption of 1,000 EVsMethodology: Input-output model for economic impactIMPLAN software

Assumptions:Loss of earnings at gas stationsTax credit added to incomeSavings on fuel spendingEconomyEconomic Impact(per 1000 EVs)ActivityDirect monetaryEconomic ImpactEmploymentIncomeOutputFuel spending removed from gas stations($1,547,000)-3.4($128,254)($303,320)Fuel saving added to household income$1,547,000 14$624,685 $1,818,910 Federal tax added to household income$7,500,000 67.7$3,028,533 $8,818,244 Net Impact$7,500,000 78 $3,524,964 $10,333,834 EconomyFederal tax cap 200,000Nissan leaf reaches in 3-4 years9EV charging stations in GeorgiaCurrent status:216 stations, 472 charging outletsLocations:Downtown areasState Routes and Interstates

Sources: www.afdc.energy.govwww.plugincars.comPolicy

Source: www.plugshare.comColumbusMaconAugustaSavannah160 miles84 miles107 miles145 milesRanges:Nissan Leaf: 84 milesTesla Roadstar: 200 milesPolicyPolicy RecommendationsPotential locations:Workplace chargingPublic access:Designated parkingVisitor attractionZoning codes:Permitting processMaintenance3rd Party Risk

PolicyNissan: No Charge to charge12AcknowledgementGreg Crittenden, Metro Plug-InDon Francis, Clean Cities GeorgiaBen Echols, Georgia PowerCharles Huling, Strategic energy Institute, GTBen Hill, Enterprise Innovation Institute, GTBrian Stockton, City of Woodstock, GARuthie Norton, City of Atlanta, GA