assessment of capacity development progress in iwrm
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Assessment of capacity development progress in IWRM Readiness & Willingness of the public to participate in IWM: Some insights from the Levant Dr. Philippe Ker Rault & Dr. Heleen Vreugdenhil [email protected] May 2013. Content. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Assessment of capacity development progress in IWRM
Readiness & Willingness of the public to participate in IWM: Some insights from the Levant
Dr. Philippe Ker Rault & Dr. Heleen [email protected]
<date> May 2013
Content
1. Background on public participation in IWM2. Research Objectives & Questions3. Theoretical Framework & Methodology4. Individual knowledge of WM challenges5. Attitude towards participation6. Conclusions7. Recommendations
Background
IWM is based on a participative approach, but…
• WM is a complex societal problem: Solution identification is influenced by problem understanding (interconnection, interaction, uncertainty).
• Public Participation is also subject to different interpretations, as a problem solving tool, it is a wicked concept.
... But little is known on the readiness and willingness of the wider public to participate
Background
Barriers to implementation
A barrier for implementation is the top-down (negative) perception of the wider public.
The perception that the wider public 1. is not well organised 2. has limited knowledge of water management challenges
• Limited awareness of environmental problems • No holistic view of water management
Reasons: • Uneducated • Lack interest in environmental issues
Research Objectives & Questions
To present a grounded investigation of public knowledge
of water management challenges and the publics’ attitude
to participation in the Levant at river basin level
1. What is the individual knowledge of water management challenges at river basin level in the Levant?
2. What is the public’s attitude to participation in water management:
their experiences, willingness to participate and expectations towards public participation?
3. Are there statistical correlations between sociological descriptors such as gender, age, level of education and knowledge and attitude?
Case Study Areas
Gökova Bay, Turkey
Tartous, Syria
Chekka Bay, Lebanon
AZB, Jordan
Theoretical Framework & Methodology
Grounded Theory Methodology
Inductive & Theoretical Qualitative & Quantitative approach
• 8 Expert scoping interviews• 60 initial stakeholders questionnaires • 1800 questionnaires (social survey)• 121 decision-influencer open
questionnaires-interviews
Results: Individual knowledge
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Jordan Lebanon Syria Turkey
% o
f va
lid a
nsw
ers
very urgent urgent neither urgent or not not urgent not urgent at all
How urgent is the need to make an effort to manage efficiently in your region?
Perceived need to improve WM
0
10
20
30
40
50
Jordan Lebanon Syria Turkey
% o
f al
l res
pon
ses
Increase supply Improve quality Build renew infrastructureAgriculture Coercive measures Sustainable use & educationManagement & Politics Water price No suggestion
Suggestions to improve WM
Results: Individual knowledge
Suggestions to improve WM - examples of ‘Very Rich Answers’
• Harvesting rainwater in every house/farms; • Use modern irrigation techniques (eg drip irrigation);• Water saving measures; • Financial schemes (eg fines for people not complying with
rules);• Holding debates to enlighten people about the importance of
water management processes
Results: Individual knowledge
24% in Jordan & in Lebanon, 13% in Syria, 0% in Turkey
Results Attitude to Participate
Willingness to be involved in water debate
010203040506070
Jordan Lebanon Syria Turkey
% o
f val
id a
nsw
ers
Yes No Don't know
Preferred type of involvement
Rank Jordan Lebanon Syria Turkey
1st choiceParticipating in public debates
Participating in public debates
Participating in public debates
Participating in public debates
2nd choice
Give my opinion about
options
Voting on options
Give my opinion about
options
Electing spokesperson
3rd choiceElecting
spokespersonGive my opinion
about optionsElecting
spokesperson
Give my opinion about
options
4th choiceVoting on options
Electing spokesperson
Voting on options
Voting on options
Results Attitude to Participate
Results Attitude to Participate
Preferred type of involvement
Rank Jordan Lebanon Syria Turkey
1st choiceParticipating in public debates
Participating in public debates
Participating in public debates
Participating in public debates
2nd choice
Give my opinion about
options
Voting on options
Give my opinion about
options
Electing spokesperson
3rd choiceElecting
spokespersonGive my opinion
about optionsElecting
spokesperson
Give my opinion about
options
4th choiceVoting on options
Electing spokesperson
Voting on options
Voting on options
Results Attitude to Participate
Reasons for participating
Choice Jordan Lebanon Syria Turkey
1st Give my opinionReceive
InformationExchange Views Give my opinion
2nd Exchange Views Give my opinion Give my opinionReceive
Information
3rd Receive Information
Exchange ViewsReceive
InformationExchange Views
4th Resolve Conflict Resolve Conflict Resolve Conflict Resolve Conflict
5th Common Solution
Common Solution
Common Solution
Common Solution
6th Have Power Have Power Have Power Have Power
Results: sociological descriptors
Role of gender, age and level of education on attitude towards Public Participation
• No distinction between gender in all four study area- women and men have similar knowledge in WM and
attitude towards participation.
• Little distinction in age group - mid-age group (26-45 yrs old) has slightly higher
knowledge in WM and willingness to participate than youngest and oldest respondents.
• Level of education impacts the quality of answers, interest in WM and willingness to participate However, in Jordan and Lebanon respondents with lower education level were sometimes very knowledgeable and willing to participate
Correlation between perceived need to improve water management and quantity and quality of answers to
• improve water management
• change water consumption habits
• the willingness to be involved in water debates.
Results: sociological descriptors
Content
Key topics Sub-theme Jordan Lebanon Syria Turkey
Individual knowledge of
water management
challenges
Perception of need to improve water management
Balanced: 50 % at least urgent 80% at least urgent 93% at least urgent Balanced: 47% at least
urgent
Suggestion to improve water management 93% 96% 91% 49%
Suggestion to reduce household consumption 76% 58% 32% 17%
Attitudes towards
participation
Experience & familiarity Anecdotic
Willingness to be involved 64% 37% 65% 27%
Preferred type of involvement Participating in public debates, give my opinion
Participating in public debates, voting on
options
Participating in public debates, give my
opinion
Participating in public debates, electing
spokesperson
Reasons and objectives for participating in water issues
Give my opinion, exchange views
Receive information, give my opinion
Exchange view, give my opinion
Give my opinion, receive information
SynthesisPublic
understandings of WMCs
Moderate concern,
good knowledge, integrated
understandin
Strong concern &
knowledge, technical
suggestions before all
Strong concern, moderate
knowledge, behavioural
& usage focused
Moderate concern, moderate
knowledge,
Conclusions
Conclusions: readiness
• The public is rather interested, knowledgeable and aware that water scarcity must be addressed at both institutional and individual levels.
• In the country with the lowest TARWR (Total Actual Renewable Water Resources ), Jordan, the population has the most comprehensive understanding of causes for poor water management.
Conclusions: willingness
•Public in all four areas is willing to participate, but more in low TAWRW countries than in high TAWRW countries•Preferred mode of participation is direct involvement•Prime objective for PP is to have power to communicate, express opinions and exchange personal understanding of the situation in which one lives, NOT to have power over decisions!3 mains reasons to participate: SOCIAL LEARNING• Give my opinions to the public authority about future
plans• Exchange views with other citizens and stakeholders• Receive some information about future plans the public
authority will implement
Conclusions
Conditions to foster public participation seem to require both
1- Political stability: an open society where opinions can be formed and exchanged,
2- Enough pressure on resources and services for the public to be interested and willing to take part in water management
...But... The apparent disorder of the wider public remains a strong hurdle to initiate the process
Recommendations
3-step approach to create structure between social actors and WM1. Structuration of the problem2. Structuration of the social actors and participative SK maps3. Structuration of the process: who participate for what: what
who when approach
KEY Messages• Public participation is a dynamic process & different types of
participation for difference challenges• The performative power of participation is initially to construct
a rich inclusive reality of the situation people experience.
Purpose of 5th Symposium
Thank you for your attention.
Philippe Ange KER RAULT Alterra, Wageningen University, [email protected]
Heleen VREUGDENHIL ICIS, Maastricht University, NL Paul JEFFREY Centre for water science, Cranfield University, UKJill Hillary SLINGER TU Delft, Policy Analysis, NL