“ASSESSMENT OF PHYSICO-CHEMICAL

PROPERTIES AND SEWAGE POLLUTION

INDICATOR BACTERIA IN SURFACE WATER OF

RIVER GOMTI IN UTTAR PRADESH.”

By: Raj Kumar Pandey

INTRODUCTION

Fresh water is essential for agriculture, industry and human

existence; it is a finite resource of earth.

Fresh water resource are becoming deteriorate day-by-day at

the very faster rate due to the discharge of wastes.

Now water quality is a global problem (Mahananda et al., 2005).

Discharge of organic wastes human excreta, sewage waste,

polythenes, municipal garbage and toxic discharge from the

factories increasing bacterial pollution in the river Gomti. This

waste flow into the storm drains, mixing with common water and

subsequently posing a serious threat to the water ecology,

animals and human; spatially in Lucknow and Barabanki district.

SOME OF THE COMMON WATERBORNE

DISEASES THAT SPREAD THROUGH

CONTAMINATED WATER.

Cryptosporidiosis,

Typhoid fever,

Cholera,

Dysentery,

Hepatitis , etc.

THE AIMS OF THE STUDY

1) To revealed out the pollution status of whole stretch of river Gomti in terms of Physicochemical and bacteriological characteristics in Uttar Pradesh.

2)The study has given the information regarding the suitability of the water for various uses like drinking and other domestic applications.

Water Sample Analysis

Spatial analysis Seasonal Analysis Yearly Analysis

Study of

Phyco-

chemical

paramet

ers

Study

of

Bacteri

ological

parame

ters

Study of

Phyco-

chemical

paramet

ers

Study

of

Bacteri

ological

parame

ters

Study of

Phyco-

chemical

paramet

ers

Study

of

Bacteri

ological

parame

ters

(of 8 different

locations of water

of Gomti river).

{In the different seasons i.e. pre

monsoon (Jan-April), monsoon

(May-Aug), and post monsoon

(Sept-Dec)}

in two different years

i.e. 2008 and 2009

TWO MAIN WORKS

1) To investigate the physico-chemical characteristics

such as

Water temperature, Total

Solids, Total Dissolved

Solids, Total Suspended

Solid, Conductivity, pH,

COD, BOD and DO of water.

2) To examine the bacteriological characteristics

included bacteriological

parameters like Total Coli

(TC), Faecal Coli (FC) and

Faecal Streptocoli (FS)

Study area :Eight water samples from eight different locations were

selected from upstream to downstream and analyzed to access the

bacteriological pollution in river Gomti, during three seasons and two years.

The sampling location description of river Gomti is given below:

SAMPLING

Sampling was carried out in two different years i.e.

2008 and 2009 in three different seasons i.e. pre

monsoon (Jan-April), monsoon (May-Aug), and

post monsoon (Sept-Dec) to the mid flow of river

Gomti at different locations selected from upstream

to downstream i.e. Neemsar, Bhatpur, Gaughat,

Mohan Meakin, Piperaghat, Barabanki, Sultanpur

and Jaunpur.

Triplicate Samples of surface water were collected

in sterile glass bottles and immediately transported

to the laboratory in an ice bucket at 4oC for

analysis.

PHYSICO-CHEMICAL ANALYSIS:

1) The temperatures of the samples were noted at

the sampling point itself.

2) Analysis was carried out for various other water

quality parameters such as

Total solids (TS),

Total Dissolved solids (TDS),

Total Suspended Solids (TSS),

pH,

Conductivity,

Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD),

Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), and

Dissolved Oxygen (DO) using standard method.

BACTERIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS:

The bacteria indicators of sewage pollution i.e.

Total Coli (TC),

Faecal Coli (FC), and

Faecal Streptocoli (FS) were analyzed together and

the ratio of FC/FS were also calculated.

Analysis of these indicator bacteria were

enumerated using the Multiple Test Tube Method

(APHA 20th edition) or MPN(Most Probable

Number) method.

STATISTICAL ANALYSIS:

A two tailed (α=2) probability p<0.05 was

considered to be statistically significant. All

statistical analyses were preformed on STATISTICA

(version 6.0).

1)The water quality of river Gomti from upstream to

downstream was found to be more polluted with

reference to bacteriological parameters rather

than all physico-chemical parameters.

2) The high level of sewage pollution indicator

bacteria detected, revealed that the water of river

Gomti was very poor microbiologically, unsafe

and not acceptable for any purpose especially in

Lucknow and Barabanki districts.

The Main cause

of coliform polution

1. Total absence of the wastewater treatment

system for all cities situated along side of Gomati

River.

2. The deterioration in water quality is found due to

the regular outfalls of more than 26 drains only in

Lucknow.

3. A number of industries discharge their industrial

effluent in to river especially in Barabanki.

EFFECT OF THESE POLLUTANTS

Presence of such huge amount of pollutants

in to surface water, river lost their self

purifying nature.

As soon as the river lost its self purifying

nature it resulting in high level of

pathogenic bacteria.

Despite the above scenario, the people use the

water of river Gomti for various purposes.

That’s why proper treatment of waste water before

releasing in to river Gomti needed, for good water

ecology and to avoid various human diseases.