عناصر الكنائس/ موضوع البحث

:عناصر الكنائس الخارجية

Apse

A semicircular recess covered with a

hemispherical vault at the east end

ArcadeA passage or walkway covered over by a succession of arches

or vaults supported by columns

ArchitraveA moulded or ornamental band framing a

rectangular opening. It is the lintel or beam that rests on the capitals of the columns

BaptisteryA separate centrally-planned

structure surrounding the baptismal font

Bell tower

A tower which contains one or more bells, or which is designed to hold

bells, even if it has none

ButtressAn architectural structure built against (a

counterfort) or projecting from a wall which serves to support or reinforce the wall

ChapelA place of worship sometimes attached to a large church and

sometimes a stand-alone structure

Chapter houseA building or room attached to

a cathedral or monastery in which meetings are held

ChevetApses that are built as radiating chapels outside the choir aisle

Church towerA tall tower, sometimes topped

by a spire

Cloisteran enclosed space, commonly in the form of

a green square with surrounding arcades, that forms the central part of a monastery

CorbelA piece of stone jutting out of a

wall to carry any superincumbent weight

Flying buttressA type of buttress that are used to transmit the horizontal thrust of a vault across an intervening space

DomeA structural element of architecture

that resembles the hollow upper half of a sphere

Facade The significant front of the

church usually on the west front but can be on the side as well

GargoyleA carved stone grotesque with a spout designed to convey water from a roof

and away from the side of a building

Portalan important structure

An opening in the walls of a building, gate or fortification, and

especially a grand entrance to

RefectoryA dining room, especially in monasteries

:عناصر الكنيسة الداخلية

Altar railsA set of railings, sometimes

ornate and frequently of marble or wood, delimiting the chancel

AltarA structure upon which offerings such as sacrifices and votive offerings are

made for religious purposes

Aisle

A space for walking with rows of seats

on either side or with rows of seats on

one side and a wall on the other

AmbulatoryThe covered passage around a

cloister or a walkway around the apse

BaldachinA canopy of state over an altar or throne

Bayor vertical wall area

A unit defined as the zone between the outside edges of an engaged column,

pilaster, post,

CathedraThe chair or throne of a bishop.

ChantryAn institutional chapel on private land or

within a greater church, where a priest would chant masses

NaveThe central approach to the high altar

A canopy or covering supported by columns, freestanding in the

sanctuary, that covers the altar

Ciborium

High altarThe main altar of a church

ChoirThe area usually in the western part of the

chancel between the nave and the sanctuary

أفضل وسيلة لتشكيل سور المدينة / موضوع البحث

( Vauell) القبوة/ موضوع البحث

الحجرية السطحية القبوة

شبكي موثوق النهايتين ايطار

قوس شبكة ثنائية المفاصل

القوس المدبب / موضوع البحث

اآلرشأشكال تصميم

The pendentive/ موضوع البحث

groins

Masonry webbing

Diagonal ribs

Pointed arch

Pattern of ribs

groin vault quadripartite rib vault

Compiex rip vault