1. Global Warming Craig Barnsley Tami Jones Fiona Pidgeon Group 5 Learning and Communicating Online 2. TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction3 Climate Change5 Melting Ice Glaciers8 Rising Ocean Temperatures11 Conclusion14 References15LEARN HOW TO HEALTHEgreenFOR THE FUTURECraig Barnsley Tami Jones Fiona Pidgeon Group 5 - Learning and Communicating OnlineWORLD 3. Introduction This is a collaborative presentation using credible on-line resources and peer reviewed articles. The research included has been applied to the learnings of Metzer (2007). Particular importance and emphasis was placed on addressing the following research criteria; accuracy, authority, objectivity, currency, and coverage or scope. Please refer to the concluding slides for a list of references and linksLEARN HOW TO HEALTHECollaboration through Online Learning [Image]. Retrieved from http://www.coachcarole.net/Craig Barnsley Tami Jones Fiona Pidgeon Group 5 - Learning and Communicating OnlineWORLD 4. Introduction In this presentation we will outline some of the elements of Global warming in particular; Climate Change, Melting Ice Glaciers and Rising Ocean Temperatures. This will be assessed against a research criteria focusing on five key themes; Fact vs Fiction, Cause and Effect, Supporting Evidence, Preventative Actions and Resolution Outcomes. Craig Barnsley - Fiona Pidgeon - Tami JonesThe video describes How Global Warming Works in just under four minutes. How Global Warming Works [Image & Video] Retrieved from http://www.howglobalwarmingworks.org/in-under-4minutes-ba.html.LEARN HOW TO HEALTHEgreenFOR THE FUTURECraig Barnsley Tami Jones Fiona Pidgeon Group 5 - Learning and Communicating OnlineWORLD 5. Climate Change Current CO2 Level [Image] Retrieved from http://climate.nasa.gov/evidence)Cause and EffectFact vs Fiction Climate change is supported by many facts and a lot of fiction. Fact: Climate change is, as arguably agreed by scientists, a direct result of human activity. Fiction: CO2 gases are the main contributing factor towards climate change. It is important to consider a wide range of sources when understanding climate change.greenFOR THE FUTUREThere are a variety of causes that contribute to climate change but more significantly, it is the gases produced by human activity as well as water vapour production. The global average temperature, since the late 19th century, has risen 0.85oC and has continued to do so since the middle of the 20th century (since greenhouse gases have increased).Supporting Evidence The evidence for climate change is overwhelming. On average, the global temperature has increased 0.6oC with the 12 warmest years on record occurring since 1998. But also changing are the patterns in rainfall, snow, droughts and storms. This in turn has also had effects on plant and animal behaviour. Craig Barnsley Tami Jones Fiona Pidgeon Group 5 - Learning and Communicating OnlineLEARN HOW TO HEALTHE WORLD 6. Climate Change Supporting Evidence The evidence for climate change is overwhelming. On average, the global temperature has increased 0.6oC with the 12 warmest years on record occurring since 1998. But also changing are the patterns in rainfall, snow, droughts and storms. This in turn has also had effects on plant and animal behaviour.Preventative Action In Australia, the Government has investigated various preventative actions that can be considered to minimalise further global warming. The Government is looking at improved agricultural and water management practices as well as sustainable mining, manufacturing, architecture, business and financial services and tourism.greenFOR THE FUTUREGlobal Surface Temperature and Carbon Dioxide [Image]. Retrieved from http://www.ucsusa.org/global_warming/science_and_impact s/science/global-thermometer-still-climbing.htmlThere also needs to be further concentration on climate change measures for individuals and this will come about as a result of further media campaigns. Other ways include reducing emissions by using less, using something else which is less harmful and also looking at how we can capture and store those emissions. Craig Barnsley Tami Jones Fiona Pidgeon Group 5 - Learning and Communicating OnlineLEARN HOW TO HEALTHE WORLD 7. Climate Change Resolution Outcomes At the 22nd Annual meeting of the Asia-Pacific Parliamentary Forum, the Australian delegation wrote a draft resolution (3.1) for the cooperation to face climate change. This draft resolution calls upon all signatories to consider policymaking in the area of climate change as well as move climate change to the forefront of their agendas and budgets. There is also a call to implement innovative models of sustainable development."I'd put my money on the sun and solar energy. What a source of power! I hope we don't have to wait 'til oil and coal run out before we tackle that." Thomas Edison (18471931) Edison, T [Image]. Retrieved from http://www.biography.com/people/thomas-edison-9284349Craig Barnsley Tami Jones Fiona Pidgeon Group 5 - Learning and Communicating OnlineLEARN HOW TO HEALTHE WORLD 8. Melting Ice Glaciers Everywhere on Earth ice is changing. The famed snows of Kilimanjaro have melted more than 80 percent since 1912. Glaciers in the Garhwal Himalaya in India are retreating so fast that researchers believe that most central and eastern Himalayan glaciers could virtually disappear by 2035. Arctic sea ice has thinned significantly over the past half century, and its extent has declined by about 10 percent in the past 30 years. NASA's repeated laser altimeter readings show the edges of Greenland's ice sheet shrinking. Spring ice break up in river [Image]. Retrieved from https://ecogirlcosmoboy.wordpress.com/category/communicat ion/science-communication/As the Earth system warms due to rising levels of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, observations show that land-based glaciers are melting fast in many places around the world - in the United States, Europe, South America, and Asia. Because of ice-albedo feedback, as ice melts, albedo rises, producing further warming and faster melting. Model predictions indicate that the remaining large glaciers in Glacier National Park will be gone by 2030.greenFOR THE FUTURESpring freshwater ice breakup in the Northern Hemisphere now occurs nine days earlier than it did 150 years ago, and autumn freeze-up ten days later. Thawing permafrost has caused the ground to subside more than 15 feet (4.6 meters) in parts of Alaska. From the Arctic to Peru, from Switzerland to the equatorial glaciers of Man Jaya in Indonesia, massive ice fields, monstrous glaciers, and sea ice are disappearing, fast.Craig Barnsley Tami Jones Fiona Pidgeon Group 5 - Learning and Communicating OnlineLEARN HOW TO HEALTHE WORLD 9. Melting Ice Glaciers When temperatures rise and ice melts, more water flows to the seas from glaciers and ice caps, and ocean water warms and expands in volume. This combination of effects has played the major role in raising average global sea level between four and eight inches (10 and 20 centimeters) in the past hundred years, according to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). The Greenland, Alaskan and West Antarctic ice sheets together hold about 25% of the fresh water on the planet. The effects of the collapse of either ice sheet would be huge. Once you lose one of these ice sheets, there's no putting it back for thousands of years, if ever. If they disintegrate, sea level could rise nearly 20 metres, possibly in only one decade. This would swamp most cities and ports, as well much of the best agricultural land, where over 6 billion people inhabit. Similarly the western Antarcticas mass is disappearing at about 240 cubic kilometres per year. Depletion of ozone is adding to this problem for it has encouraged hotter winds to flow across the Antarctic.Melting point: Grey Glacier in Chile's Torres del Paine National Park, part of the southern Patagonian ice field, as seen from the International Space Station in July 2007. Credit: NASA [Image]. Retrieved from http://www.cosmosmagazine.com/news/meltingglaciers-raising-sea-levels-more-polar-ice-sheets/LEARN HOW TO HEALTHE Craig Barnsley Tami Jones Fiona Pidgeon Group 5 - Learning and Communicating OnlineWORLD 10. Rising Ocean TemperaturesFigure 1: Changing heat content of the global ocean, with respect to the mean of 1993 to 2008. (2010). [Image] Retrieved from http://www.nature.com.ezproxy.lib.swin.edu.au/nature/journal/v465/n7296/fig_tab/465304a_F1.htmlFact vs Fiction Is global warming really causing the ocean temperature to rise? There are many inconsistencies in the data to support rising ocean temperatures due to the enormous size of the ocean, and the amount of naturally occurring variability caused by whether phenomena.In spite of all the difficulties, Lyman et al are able to demonstrate a robust warming of the globe between 2003 and 2008 (Lyman & Good et al., 2010). However this data is only measured to a depth of 700 meters. A reappraisal of the messy data on upper-ocean heat content for 19932008 provides clear evidence for warming. But differences among various analyses and inconsistencies with other indicators merit attention (Trenberth 2010). Craig Barnsley Tami Jones Fiona Pidgeon Group 5 - Learning and Communicating OnlineLEARN HOW TO HEALTHE WORLD 11. Rising Ocean Temperatures Supporting Evidence The amount of information available in regards to Rising Ocean Temperature caused by climate change is extensive to say the lease. Organisations, Governments, and international councils on climate change are researching and discovering new information daily. The most objective evidence is outlined by the International Panel on Climate Change. Because of its scientific and intergovernmental nature, the IPCC embodies a unique opportunity to provide rigorous and balanced scientific information to decision makers. By endorsing the IPCC reports, governments acknowledge the authority of their scientific content. The work of the organization is therefore policy-relevant and yet policy-neutral, never policyprescriptive. (Ipcc.ch, 2014)Average sea surface temperature [Image]. Retrieved from http://www.epa.gov/climatechange/images/indicator_downlo ads/sea-surface-temp-map-download-2012.pngPreventative Actions Continued emissions of greenhouse gases will lead to further climate changes. Future changes are expected to include a warmer atmosphere, a warmer and more acidic ocean, higher sea levels, and larger changes in precipitation patterns. The extent of future climate change depends on what we do now to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The more we emit, the larger future changes will be (Epa.gov, 2014). Craig Barnsley Tami Jones Fiona Pidgeon Group 5 - Learning and Communicating OnlineLEARN HOW TO HEALTHE WORLD 12. Rising Ocean Temperatures Resolution Outcomes There is an overwhelming need for international cooperation to reduce the rising ocean temperatures, and climate change as a whole. As new technological and scientific methods are discovered, a shared and collaborative approach will lead to the best outcomes. A basic problem here is that cooperation is needed among a very large group of unrelated individuals, in effect the entire human population (Gsottbauer & Van Den Bergh, 2012). Tropical Ocean Temperatures over the past 3.5 Billion Years. (2010). [Image]. Retrieved from http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/pubs/herbert2010/fig1.jpgLEARN HOW TO HEALTHE Craig Barnsley Tami Jones Fiona Pidgeon Group 5 - Learning and Communicating OnlineWORLD 13. Rising Ocean Temperatures Cause and Effect The cause of Rising Ocean Temperature can be attributed to many things, however The observed widespread warming of the atmosphere and ocean, together with ice mass loss, support the conclusion that it is extremely unlikely that global climate change of the past 50 years can be explained without external forcing and very likely that it is not due to known natural causes alone (Pachauri & Reisinger, 2008). The minor increases of 0.1c per year may seem like an insignificant rise, however even a small change in water temperature can be detrimental to marine life, reproduction and feeding patterns to name just a few (Sanctuaries.noaa.gov, 2014).Changes in coral reef [Image]. Retrieved from http://www.wilderness.org.au/global-warming-andoceans Craig Barnsley Tami Jones Fiona Pidgeon Group 5 - Learning and Communicating OnlineLEARN HOW TO HEALTHE WORLD 14. Conclusion Click on the image below to view how the global temperatures have changed. Watch 131 Years of Global Warming in 26 Seconds [Video] Retrieved from http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WuY7GnmabfALEARN HOW TO HEALTHE Craig Barnsley Tami Jones Fiona Pidgeon Group 5 - Learning and Communicating OnlineWORLD 15. greenFOR THE FUTUREReferences 22nd Annual Meeting of the Asia-Pacific Parliamentary Forum. (2013). Australian Delegation. Draft Resolution 3.1 Cooperation To Face Climate Change (Outcomes Of COP 19). Retrieved from http://www.22appfmexico.org/docs/Australia4.pdf Australian Government. Department of the Environment. (2013). Australian Government Response to the Productivity Commission Inquiry into Barriers to Effective Climate Change Adaption. Retrieved from http://www.climatechange.gov.au/climate-change/adapting-climate-change/climate-change-adaptationprogram/barriers-effective-climat-0 Average sea surface temperature [Image]. Retrieved from http://www.epa.gov/climatechange/images/indicator_downloads/sea-surface-temp-map-download-2012.png Changes in coral reef [Image]. Retrieved from http://www.wilderness.org.au/global-warming-and-oceans Climate Change Challenge.Org. (n.d.) Appropriate Quotations on Climate Change and Renewable Energy. Retrieved from http://www.climatechangechallenge.org/Media/Quotations.htm Collaboration through Online Learning [Image]. Retrieved from http://www.coachcarole.net/ Current CO2 Level [Image] Retrieved from http://climate.nasa.gov/evidence) 16. References Edison, T [Image] (2013). Retrieved from http://www.biography.com/people/thomas-edison-9284349 European Commission. (2014). Whats causing climate change? Retrieved from http://ec.europa.eu/clima/policies/brief/causes/index_en.htm Figure 1: Changing heat content of the global ocean, with respect to the mean of 1993 to 2008. (2010). [Image] Retrieved from http://www.nature.com.ezproxy.lib.swin.edu.au/nature/journal/v465/n7296/fig_tab/465304a_F1.html Friends of Science. (n.d.). Providing Insight into Climate Change. Myths/Facts. Common Misconceptions about Global Warming. Retrieved from http://www.friendsofscience.org/index.php?id=3 Global Surface Temperature and Carbon Dioxide [Image]. Retrieved from http://www.ucsusa.org/global_warming/science_and_impacts/science/global-thermometer-still-climbing.html Gsottbauer, E. & Van Den Bergh, J. C. (2012). Bounded rationality and social interaction in negotiating a climate agreement. International Environmental Agreements: Politics, Law And Economics, pp. 125 How Global Warming Works [Image & Video] Retrieved from http://www.howglobalwarmingworks.org/inunder-4-minutes-ba.html 17. References Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, (IPCC). (2014). Organization. Retrieved from http://www.ipcc.ch/organization/organization.shtml#.UuLtvhB9JhE Lyman, J. M., Good, S. A., Gouretski, V. V., Ishii, M., Johnson, G. C., Palmer, M. D., Smith, D. M. & Willis, J. K. (2010). Robust warming of the global upper ocean. Nature, 465 (7296), pp. 334--337. Metzger, M. J. (2007). Making sense of credibility on the Web: Models for evaluating online information and recommendations for future research. Journal of the American Society for Information Science & Technology, 58(13), 2078-2091. doi:10.1002/asi.20672 Melting point: Grey Glacier in Chile's Torres del Paine National Park, part of the southern Patagonian ice field, as seen from the International Space Station in July 2007. Credit: NASA [Image]. Retrieved from http://www.cosmosmagazine.com/news/melting-glaciers-raising-sea-levels-more-polar-ice-sheets/ National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). (n.d.). Global Climate Change. Vital Signs of the Planet. Climate Change: How do we know? Retrieved from http://climate.nasa.gov/evidence National Climatic Data Center. (n.d.). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Societal Impacts. Retrieved from http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/societal-impacts/ 18. References National Geographic. (2014). Signs from Earth: The Big Thaw. Retrieved from http://environment.nationalgeographic.com/environment/global-warming/big-thaw/ National Geographic. (2014). The Great Energy Challenge. Climate Change Myths: SortingFact from Fiction. Retrieved from http://energyblog.nationalgeographic.com/2010/12/21/climate-change-myth/ National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. (2010). National Marine Sanctuaries. Changing climate and changing sanctuaries. Retrieved from http://sanctuaries.noaa.gov/news/features/0609_changingclimate.html Natural Resources Defense Council. (2014). Global Warming. An Introduction to Climate Change. Retrieved from http://www.nrdc.org/globalwarming/ New South Wales Department of Primary Industries. (2014). Primary Industries Science and Research. Causes of Climate Change. What is climate change? Retrieved from http://www.dpi.nsw.gov.au/research/topics/climate-change/causes Pachauri, R. K. & Reisinger, A. (2008). Climate change 2007. synthesis report. contribution of working groups i, ii and iii to the fourth assessment report. Geneva (CH): IPCC. 19. References Planet Extinction. (n.d.). Collapse of the Greenland Glaciers. Retrieved from http://www.planetextinction.com/planet_extinction_greenland.htm Trenberth, K. E. (2010). Global change: the ocean is warming, isn't it?. Nature, 465 (7296), pp. 304--304. Tropical Ocean Temperatures over the past 3.5 Million Years. (2010). [Image]. Retrieved from http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/pubs/herbert2010/fig1.jpg Union of Concerned Scientists. Global Warming. Global Thermometer Still Climbing. Retrieved from http://www.ucsusa.org/global_warming/science_and_impacts/science/global-thermometer-still-climbing.html United States Environmental Protection Authority. (2013). Climate Change. Future Climate Change. Retrieved from: http://www.epa.gov/climatechange/science/future.html Watch 131 Years of Global Warming in 26 Seconds [Video] Retrieved from http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WuY7GnmabfA http://www.windows2universe.org/earth/changing_planet/melting_glaciers_intro.html - needs to be clarified by Tami as I cannot access this link