assignment #2 tutorial

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Assignment #2 Tutorial for NATS 1550

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Page 1: Assignment #2   tutorial

Assignment #2 Tutorial for NATS 1550

Page 2: Assignment #2   tutorial

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Page 4: Assignment #2   tutorial

Songbirds in the Autumn

• Hatch-year birds (HY, code 2) were born earlier in the year, usually further north

• Adult or After-hatch-year birds (AHY, codes 1, 5, and 6)

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Some species can be aged in the autumn by feather plumage, where the duller plumages are usually the young birds

Page 6: Assignment #2   tutorial

Some species can be aged in the autumn by the shape of the tail feathers, with immature birds being more pointed (and often more worn).

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Most species can be “skulled”, where you look at the degree of ossification (hard bone) in the skull. HY birds are not fully ossified.

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Yet another method is to look at the pattern of moult. These Saw-whet Owl wings are being looked at in UV light. Older feathers do not show “pink” whereas new feathers do.

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Species Age Sex Wing (mm) Mass (g) Year Month DayJulian Date

Time Captured

AMRE 6 5 54 7.1 2007 5 28 148 150

AMRE 5 5 62 8.1 2008 5 20 141 530

AMRE 5 0 58 7.6 2009 5 23 143 530

AMRE 6 5 58 7.9 2005 5 31 151 530

AMRE 5 4 60 7.7 2010 5 21 141 540

AMRE 5 0 61 7.8 2009 5 22 142 540

AMRE 5 4 62 7.9 2010 5 23 143 540

AMRE 5 4 60 7.8 2010 5 24 144 540

AMRE 5 5 58 7.5 2010 5 24 144 540

AMRE 5 5 54 7.9 2005 5 27 147 540

AMRE 5 4 61 8.4 2008 5 6 127 600

AMRE 5 4 62 8 2008 6 6 158 600

BAOR 6 4 94 39.5 2006 5 11 131 113

BAOR 6 4 94 36.2 2006 5 11 131 113

BAOR 5 4 92 32.9 2010 5 22 142 530

BAOR 5 4 94 36.5 2007 5 22 142 540

BAOR 5 4 92 33.9 2010 6 3 154 550

BAOR 5 5 89 35 2006 5 24 144 550

BAOR 6 4 93 33.5 2006 5 28 148 550

Page 10: Assignment #2   tutorial

There are distinct periods of migration at banding stations

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2

4

6

8

10

12

14Fox Sparrow

April October

Fox Sparrow (Ontario)

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The duration of migration is something that is studied

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5

10

15

20

25

30

Lesser Yellowlegs

JuneMay July August SeptemberApril

June

Lesser Yellowlegs (Ontario schedule)

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What’s the average?

1. 5,6,7,8,9

• (5+6+7+8+9)/5

• = 35/5

• = 7

2. 1,4,7,10,13

• (1+4+7+10+13)/5

• = 35/5

• = 7

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What’s the average?

1. 5,6,7,8,9

• Average = 7

2. 1,4,7,10,13

• Average = 7

• Which is a more variable dataset?

• #2

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A bell-shaped curve is known as a “Normal Distribution”.

The passage of birds through a migration station usually follows this pattern.

A narrow distribution represents a shorter duration.

The x-axis is time (date) and the y-axis it the numbers of birds

The peaks are the average on the x-axis

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A common statistic to show the level of variability is the standard deviation

• Tells you how tightly all the various numbers are clustered around the mean

• When the numbers are pretty tightly bunched together and the bell-shaped curve is steep, the standard deviation is small

• When the numbers are spread apart and the bell curve is relatively flat, there is a relatively large standard deviation

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Page 17: Assignment #2   tutorial

There are a few early birds (green “tail”) and a few stragglers (red “tail”) and most birds are in between, close to the average (“mean”)

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Real data are likely to be imperfect, but still close to the Normal Distribution Model

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68% of the values are within one standard deviation of the average (mean), shown in red.

+1SD-1SD +2SD-2SD

95% of the values are within one standard deviation of the average (mean), shown in red plus Green.

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Imagine you have determined the following:

• Mean is 262

• SD is 17

• What is the range of dates during which 68% of the birds move through the banding station?

• 262 + 17 = 279

• 262 – 17 = 245

Page 21: Assignment #2   tutorial
Page 22: Assignment #2   tutorial

Imagine you have determined the following:

• Mean is 262

• SD is 17

• What is the range of dates during which 68% of the birds move through the banding station?

• 262 + 17 = 279

• 262 – 17 = 245

• Therefore, 68% pass through between September 2 and October 6

Page 23: Assignment #2   tutorial