assistive technology and universal design: technical report

8/8/2019 Assistive Technology and Universal Design: Technical Report

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Assistive Technology &

Universal DesignEvaluation Report For Accessibility &Usability Tests Performed on Web 2.0

Applications and Software Applications.

Raman [email protected]

M.Sc. Web Technology

School Of Electronics And Computer Science

University of Southampton


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Table of Contents

1) Introduction ................................................................................................................. 42) Access to Everyone ..................................................................................................... 43) Business approach for accessibility and usability ....................................................... 44) Web Accessibility Initiative ........................................................................................ 55) Accessibility & Usability Testing................................................................................ 5

Two Web 2.0 applications are: - ..................................................................................... 5Two Software are: - ........................................................................................................ 5

6) Accessibility for the Web2.0 Applications .................................................................. 6MOBILE ORKUT www.m.orkut.com ...................................................................... 6Usability Test of Web 2.0 Applications:......................................................................... 7Testing the Web 2.0 application i.e. www.amazon.co.uk AMAZON. ..................... 8Usability Test of Web 2.0 Applications:......................................................................... 9

7) Usability & Accessibility test for Software ............................................................... 10Software tested for accessibility: - ................................................................................ 10Testing Microsoft Office Outlook 2007 ....................................................................... 11Usability Testing of Microsoft Office Outlook 2007. .................................................. 14Testing Cyber Link YouCam2.0 for Accessibility ....................................................... 15Usability testing for Cyber Link YouCam2.0 ............................................................... 17

8) JISC TECHDIS TOOLBAR ...................................................................................... 18JISC TechDis Toolbar Functions [6] ............................................................................ 18

Appendix: 1 Bugs Report for JISC TechDis ToolBar ...................................................... 20Appendix: 2 Criteria for testing Web 2.0 Accessibility ................................................. 25Appendix: 3 Nielsens Usability Heuristics ................................................................... 27


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Appendix: 4 Jakob Nielsens Top Ten Homepage Usability Guidelines ...................... 299) References & Biblography:- ......................................................................................... 30


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In todays world where everything can be accessed via a click or on press of few key

strokes, it is very necessary thing to make sure that maximum of maximum people couldget benefit out of it no matter what their disability is, and all these things are known as

accessibility to computer or "Computer Accessibility". It is very much essential for us as

a developer to make sure that whatever we develop. Whether software or website or any

application, it should be able to cater maximum number of audience no matter even ifthey have some disability.

4)Web Accessibility InitiativeWeb Accessibility Initiative (WAI) was launched in 1997 by the W3C consortium to

improve the accessibility of the WWW. It has several groups that work on the guidelinesthat relate to different components of the web accessibility like web content, web

browsers, media players, authoring tools and evaluation tools. For evaluating the

accessibility of the web there are several tools available. Here a checklist is used tothoroughly test the features of the web site for accessibility along with tools like JISC

TechDis Toolbar, Accessibility ToolKit, WAVE Toolbar, Firefox Extension for

Accessibility, Web Developer Toolbar for Firefox, NVDA, etc.

5)Accessibility & Usability TestingAccessibility Testing has been done on the basis of Accessibility Guidelines available on

www.web2access.org.uk and are explained in Appendix

Usability Testing has been done on the basis of Usability Guidelines available on J.

Nielsens usability guidelines [9]. The guidelines and brief description can be found in

Appendices.

Two Web 2.0 applications are: -

1) Mobile Orkut [www.m.orkut.com]

2) Amazon [www.amazon.co.uk]

Two Software are: -

1) Microsoft Office Outlook 2007

2) Cyber Link YouCam 2.0


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6)Accessibility for the Web2.0 ApplicationsMOBILE ORKUT www.m.orkut.com

Testing the Web 2.0 application i.e. Mobile Orkut Orkut is a free-access social

networking service owned and operated by Google. The service is designed to help usersmeet new friends and maintain existing relationships. [3]

Test 0 1 2 3

1 Are login, signup and other forms accessible?

2 Are text alternatives offered for images etc?

3 Is the target for every link clearly defined?

4 Do frames and iframes have appropriate titles?

5 Is the page fully functional and fully navigable without the style sheet?

6 Do all pages with audio or audio/video features relevant to content offer alternatives?

7Do all pages with video/animation features without audio or descriptive dialogue,

offer alternatives?

8 Are tables used inappropriately to format the page?

9 Is tab order logical?

10 Are the pages beyond login functional and navigable with the keyboard?

11 If a rich-text editor is used is it accessible? If no rich text editor, score same as 1.

12Is there appropriate feedback after submitting information and adequate time

allowances?

13Is the content comfortable to read with good color contrast levels and no color

deficiency issues?

14 Does the page maintain its style and usability when the browser zoom feature is used?

15 Is text size and style suitably readable? Is there any blinking or flashing?


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Extra Comments: - Mobile version of ORKUT. I think anyone can access the website

with greater ease and functionality. All the content on the web site was accessible withand without using accessibility tools. Magnifying the text to its very limits, using screen

reader after switching off the display, using just the keyboard for navigation after turning

down the mouse. And still being able to use every bit of the website this is called

accessible and universal design. This is called something simple and better and Universal.

Usability Test of Web 2.0 Applications:

This is tested using J. Nielsens homepage usability guidelines [19]. The guidelines and

brief description can be found in Appendix: 4.

Test Y N NA

1 Does the site include a one sentence tag-line?

2 Title Visibility using Search Engines?

3 Corporate Information Grouping?

4 Emphasis on Top Priority Tasks?

5 Presence of search input box?

6 Real site content?

7 Link names appropriate?

8 Access to recent content?

9 No over formatting done. Appropriate formatting?

10 Graphics meaningful to the sites context?

Usability Test Result of Mobile Orkut .


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Testing the Web 2.0 application i.e. www.amazon.co.uk AMAZON.

Jeff Bezos founded Amazon.com and launched it online on 1995. It started as an online

bookstore, however later on diversified to products lines of VHS, DVD, Music CDs and

MP3s, Computer Software, Video Games, Electronics, Apparel, Furniture, Food, Toys,

and so on almost everything. Amazon has established separate websites in Canada,United Kingdom, Germany, France, Japan and China. [4]

Test 0 1 2

1 Are login, signup and other forms accessible?

2 Are text alternatives offered for images etc?

3 Is the target for every link clearly defined?

4 Do frames and iframes have appropriate titles?

5 Is the page fully functional and fully navigable without the style sheet?

6 Do all pages with audio or audio/video features relevant to content offer alternatives?

7Do all pages with video/animation features without audio or descriptive dialogue, offer

alternatives?

8 Are tables used inappropriately to format the page?

9 Is tab order logical?

10 Are the pages beyond login functional and navigable with the keyboard?

11 If a rich-text editor is used is it accessible? If no rich text editor, score same as 1.

12 Is there appropriate feedback after submitting information and adequate time allowances?

13Is the content comfortable to read with good color contrast levels and no color deficiency

issues?


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14 Does the page maintain its style and usability when the browser zoom feature is used?

15 Is text size and style suitably readable? Is there any blinking or flashing?

Extra Comments: - The web site is really good and is thoroughly accessible. With all

the accessibility tools, it works perfectly fine. Most importantly it was really a very goodexperience of buying something from Amazon using the accessibility tools. The website

is designed in such a way so that everyone could benefit out of it.

Usability Test of Web 2.0 Applications:

This is tested using J. Nielsens homepage usability guidelines [19]. The guidelines and

brief description can be found in Appendix: 4.

Test Y N NA

1 Does the site include a one sentence tag-line?

2 Title Visibility using Search Engines?

3 Corporate Information Grouping?

4 Emphasis on Top Priority Tasks?

5 Presence of search input box?

6 Real site content?

7 Link names appropriate?

8 Access to recent content?

9 No over formatting done. Appropriate formatting?

10 Graphics meaningful to the sites context?

Usability Test Result of www.amazon.co.uk .


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7) Usability & Accessibility test for SoftwareSoftware also play very important role in computer tasks. Making presentation, word

documents, spread sheets, pictures, web browsing, personal information management,

audio/video editing, picture editing, etc. These are few of the very basic tasks which a

user does every day on his/her computer. These tasks are accomplished using certaintools and application known as Software.

Software tested for accessibility: -

1) Microsoft Office Outlook 2007

2) Cyber Link YouCam2.0


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Testing Microsoft Office Outlook 2007

Microsoft Office Outlook is part of the Office suite and offers more features when

compared to Outlook Express. It is a Personal Information Management Application that

includes e-mail, contacts with addresses for mail merge, calendar that can be shared andsynchronized with most handheld personal digital assistants and mobile phones. There

are notes and to do lists.

# Test Score Summary

16

Built in accessibility

checks

Contrast options are good and at all times the user can read the content o

the screen. Most of the keyboard shortcuts work well and the application

can be browsed with tab navigation. The built in accessibility tools wor

well as it is part of the Microsoft Office suite. The 'On Screen' magnifie

plus sticky key option work successfully but Narrator appears to only rea

titles and not the content of messages.

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Application works

with External Assistive

Technologies

All the menu options work well with external assistive technologi

trialled. However, Outlook Express works better with Thunder rather tha

Office Outlook and if working with NVDA within Office Outlook it help

to work across the screens using the tab and down arrow keys and to mak

use of the Windows key or other shortcut keys for easier controls.

18

Text or other

alternatives for image

elements.

Where icons are used these have text equivalents and if graphics are adde

to emails they have to be tagged by the user.

19Keyboard / Alternative

input with focus

All the keyboard shortcuts and navigation options worked well wi

Microsoft Outlook with clear focus. Keyboard Shortcut hints are also easi

accessible and understandable.

20Labels for objects,

fields or controls

Labels can be viewed and work well with an external screen reader. Th

only problem is if somebody tries to listen the content of the mail messag

body with built-in screen reader 'Narrator', when nothing is read aloud.

21Audio alerts have

visual cues

Audio alerts like appointments and schedules and new mails can b

customised. Sound Sentries were with all dialog alerts.

22 Alternatives for Video Not applicable


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/ Animation

23Media events offer

user control Not Applicable

24Textual Information

for screen reader

All features are readable with most screen reader tools i.e. Menus, Option

Labels, Frames etc.

25Keyboard shortcut

keys offered

The application is easy to use with keyboard only access as it is with

mouse. All actions that can be achieved by dragging and dropping can als

be achieved via keyboard shortcuts and the Windows key.

26Save user preferences

for style and zoom

It is easy to modify the settings to suit user preferences and it is possible

save those settings to be linked with a login so that the specific user w

get the same settings every time they use the application.

27Timed events can be

altered

There is no constraint on time limits in the MS Outlook. Where times ca

be set they do not impact on typing time or message creation.

28Change colours and

contrast

Built in operating system support for Accessibility tools and addition

tools for the application are good and colour changes can be created for

profile as well as via the desktop settings. High Contrast mode is available

29

Uniform and

standardisedpresentation

All the menus are easy to access and the presentation is good although i

Vista it does not follow the Office ribbon layout - this comes wi

Windows 7. However the program follows a standard Window

presentation mode.

30 Documentation

Built-in help files are clear, easy to read and useful support is also availab

online. It is possible to print out files and down load more information fro

the Microsoft website.


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Disability Tailored Results: - The following table shows how well the product performs

for people with disabilities, as listed in the Disabilities section. Percentages do not

indicate how much of a site is accessible. They indicate the average figure of test results

relevant to each disability.

Extra Comments: - This application is really useful and is generally accessible. It can be

used with the in-built accessibility options presented in the 'Ease of Access' center, as

well as the external tools such as the screen reader NVDA. Links to calendars, contacts

and email provided by other services is also helpful e.g. Hotmail and Gmail.

Disability Average Score

Visual Stress 100%

Partially Sighted and Visual Acuity 97%

Cognitive Learning Disabilities 96%

Specific Learning Differences (including Dyslexia) 95%

Blind and Severe Visual Impairments 95%


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Testing Cyber Link YouCam2.0 for Accessibility

Cyber Link Youcam2.0 is a Fun-effect software for HD-webcams. [5]

1. Chat online with video effects & avatars.2. Shares webcam videos to Facebook and YouTube.3. Give live presentations and capture desktop in real time.

# Test Score Summary

16Built in accessibility

checks

Screen Reader failed to read most of the things. And keyboard input w

not supported or very minimal keyboard controls offered. Very less suppo

for accessibility tools, and color changes were not possible.

17

Application works with

External Assistive

Technologies

Only the main menu options responds to the external assistive technolog

tools like NVDA. However that response was also not up to the mar

Keyboard only input is not possible and color changes was also n

supported.

18

Text or other

alternatives for image

elements.

Alternative text is offered but not read by the screen narrator and n

support for the assistive technology tools. Tab ordering doesn't work at a

and keyboard access is not possible or very minimal.

19Keyboard / Alternative

input with focus As said earlier no keyboard navigation, Tab ordering is not possible.

20Labels for objects,

fields or controls

Labels are on there place, however they are not descriptive to any of th

screen reader. They were not able to describe most of the things to th

Screen Reader user.

21Audio alerts have visual

cues No alternative sound offered and supports nothing regarding the built


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Extra Comments: - The software is not compatible with most of the accessibility tools

and is very uncomforting to be used with keyboard only option. Mouse is the only

efficient way to use all the controls and options of the software. Very less keyboard

sound feature of the application.

22Alternatives for Video /

Animation

No alternative for video/animation in the application, however you can us

one the tool to add the minimal alternative text on the video or snaps yo

have taken using this application.

23Media events offer user

control

All the controls of the application can be managed via using mouse. N

support for assistive technology is provided.

24Textual Information for

screen reader

Only very minimal support for the screen narrator, else than that onl

magnifier is working nothing else is supported by assistive technolog

Keyboard access is not possible. Labeling is done however most of thing

are not read by narrator.

25Keyboard shortcut keys

offered

Some shortcuts are provided for example for taking a snap , for starting th

video recording, etc. however instructions are not sufficient and the numb

of keyboard shortcut is also very less.

26Save user preferences

for style and zoom

Font style and other controls can be styled and zoom is possible howev

there is very less internal support for this activity. Use of external tools ca

somehow do that with bit of ease, however the overall result is not th

good but still acceptable. Cannot save the style and zoom option.

27

Timed events can be

altered No such option is provided.

28Change colours and

contrast

Internal changes to the color scheme are very limited. However most of th

external tools fail to apply any changes to the interface of the application.

29

Uniform and

standardized

presentation

All the menus and dialog boxes are nicely designed and presented and ar

consistent in there behavior.

30 Documentation

All the documentation is available in all the modes, clear and easy t

understand.


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shortcuts are offered. Access via external accessibility tools is also not good. Most of the

tools failed to provide any kind of accessibility support.

Usability testing for Cyber Link YouCam2.0

The guidelines followed are J Nielsens simple heuristics for usability evaluation. The

guidelines are given in the Appendix: 3.

Test Y N NA

1 Visibility of system status

2 Match between system and real world

3 User control and freedom

4 Consistency and standards

5 Error prevention

6 Recognition rather than recall

7 Flexibility and efficiency of use

8 Aesthetic and minimalist design

9 Help users recognize, diagnose and recover from errors

10 Help and documentation

Usability Test Result for Cyber Link YouCam2.0


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8)JISC TECHDIS TOOLBARJISC TECHDIS TOOLBAR is an open source cross browser accessibility toolbar which

provide accessibility tools on top of every webpage you open in your browser. This one

toolbar provides all the major accessibility tools like: - Magnifier, Text-to-speech, Styles,

Dictionary, Reference, Text etc.

JISC TechDis Toolbar Functions [6]

Select the Magnifiers button to increase or decrease the size of

text. If text resizing makes the site unreadable you may wish to use your

browser zoom feature to increase both the image and the text sizes.

Select the Font button to choose a different type of font for the text and

increase line spacing.

Select the Spell Checker button while writing in a plain text form.

Suggestions are shown below the text-area after a pause. Disable the checker

by selecting the button once more. Note that this may not work with rich-

text editors that already have spell checkers.

Select the Dictionary button after highlighting a word in the web

page and a definition from Wiktionary will appear.

Select the text-to-speech button and choose whether you want the

whole page read out loud, or just the highlighted text. And yes, you can

highlight a portion of text before selecting the Text-to-Speech button to haveonly that text read out. Wait for that section to finish before highlighting a

new section of text. Note that large pages, such as Facebook pages, may

require you to select smaller portions of text at a time.


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Select the References button and JISC Techdis Toolbar will scan the

page for referencing information - it will collect as much as it can linked to

authorship, dates, title of the page, name of the website and the URL. Once

you have selected the green tick you can highlight the text and copy it intoany notepad or word processor.

Select the Styles button to alter the colour of the JISC Techdis Toolbar

toolbar, change the web page colours - background, text and links or choose

pre-made page styles. Some web page colour changes also impact on the

toolbar.

Select help to gain access to instructions for use.

Select the return menu if you wish to restore the webpage to its

original style.

Select close to exit JISC Techdis Toolbar.

This Toolbar is in its beta stage and has got some bugs and issues which

have been reported in the Appendix-1.


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Appendix: 1 Bugs Report for JISC TechDis ToolBar

1) Text to Speech engine fails to read the selected text on www.gmail.com


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2) Barclays wealth website


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3) Facebook Text to speech fails to read and show error message sayingSomethingwent wrong when trying to convert the page


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4) Orkut: - Magnifying tool fails and results in page not found error on thescreen.


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5) BBC: - Every other tool was working perfectly fine on this website, but whentried to use the text to speech tool it showed an error message.


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Appendix: 2 Criteria for testing Web 2.0 Accessibility

1) Web2Access provides a list of criteria for rating the accessibility of web 2.0applications. The following are the factors to be checked:

2) The login / sign up page should be accessible: The user should be able to tabaround the form using keyboard. The input boxes of the form should have

appropriate labels so that screen readers can read the labels out. In case the site

uses CAPTCHA techniques then such forms should also have accessible forms

that work with screen readers. The labels should not be misleading, should be

meaningful and descriptive. The forms should be as simple as it can be. This can

be tested using Keyboard tabbing, WAVE can be used for checking labels,

NVDA can be used as the screen reader.

3) The images should have alternative text: All images on the web site should havealternative text that is brief and appropriate enough to describe the image. Lack of

alternate text can be identified by using tools like WAVE, web developer toolbar

for Firefox, NVDA screen reader reads out the alternate text of the image when

the mouse is hovered over it.

4) Link targets should be clearly defined: Links should have appropriate names andlabels and targets should be listed rather than just a Click me or Download.

This can also be tested using WAVE, WebbIE view links feature and screen

readers like NVDA and Thunderbird. Well defined links would be read out

completely including the destination and the description.

5) Frames and iframes should have appropriate titles: Frames are not desirable in anaccessible web page. But sites that use frames should have appropriate titles for

the frame. This can be checked by viewing the source of the web page or by using

WebbIEs Linearise feature or Web Developer toolbar of Mozilla Firefox.

6) Page should be completely accessible with or without style-sheets: The documentstructure should be readable on disabling style-sheets. This can be tested using the

web developer toolbars disable style sheet feature, which can also be found on

WAVE toolbar.

7) The audio/video relevant to the content should offer alternatives: Web pages withsuch content should usually have textual description of the video or audio. Itcould provide something like a narrative. This can be tested manually.

8) The page should have alternatives for complex scenes or video/animation withoutaudio: The page should have different ways to describe a multimedia content

other than just by viewing the whole file. This can be tested using view access to

alternatives in WebbIE and by using screen readers like NVDA.


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9) The page should not be formatted using tables: The page layout should not be setusing tables. This would make the page almost unreadable by screen readers. This

can be tested using WAVE toolbar or web developer toolbars outline view.

10)Tab order should be logical: The tabs of the page should be logically arranged andnavigation links should be skipped wherever appropriate. This can be tested bymanual tabbing and also by using WAVEs structure order or WebbIE or screen

readers like Thunder/NVDA can read order.

11)The pages after login should be functional and navigable using keyboard: Thepages after the login page should be easily navigable using the keyboard i.e, by

tabbing. Features of the page should also be usable without a mouse. This can be

tested using Firefox accessibility extensions functionality checks and also by

using WebbIE and screen readers for the read orders.

12)Rich text editors in the site should be accessible: The buttons of the rich texteditor should be accessible/navigable using a keyboard and all buttons should be

readable by a screen reader. This can tested using Manual tabbing, using WebbIE

and screen readers.

13)Errors should be conveyed with appropriate feedback and time out period shouldbe appropriate: The pages should give considerable amount of time before it times

out. The errors should be shown with appropriate description or the cursor should

be placed on the erroneous input field to assist the user find the mistake. This

feature can only be tested manually.

14)The content of the page should be comfortably readable: The colours and contrastsettings of the site should be soothing enough for the eyes. Colours shouldnt be

confusing. This can be tested using Colour Contrast Analyser and Vischeck to

gauge colour deficiency effect.

15)The page should maintain its style and usability on using the browser zoomfeature: On using the zoom feature of the browser, the content of the page should

not be distorted. It should stay readable. This can tested manually.

16)The text should be legible in appropriate fonts and not blinking: Preferably sans-serif fonts should be used for the web sites with at least 10-12 point size andreasonable layout.


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Appendix: 3 Nielsens Usability Heuristics

1. Visibility of system statusThe system should always keep users informed about what is going on, through appropriate

feedback within reasonable time.

2. Match between system and the real worldThe system should speak the users' language, with words, phrases, and concepts familiar to the

user, rather than system-oriented terms. Follow real-world conventions, making information

appear in natural and logical order.

3. User control and freedomUsers often choose system functions by mistake and will need a clearly marked "emergency exit"

to leave the unwanted state without having to go through an extended dialogue. Support undo

and redo.

4. Consistency and standardsUsers should not have to wonder whether different words, situations, or actions mean the same

thing. Follow platform conventions.

5. Error preventionEven better than good error messages is a careful design which prevents a problem from

occurring in the first place.

6. Recognition rather than recallMake objects, actions and options visible. The user should not have to remember information

from on part of the dialogue to another. Instructions for use of the system should be visible oreasily retrievable whenever appropriate.

7. Flexibility and efficiency of useAccelerators - unseen by the novice user - may often speed up the interaction for the expert user

to such an extent that the system can cater to both inexperienced and experienced users. Allow

users to tailor frequent actions.

8. Aesthetic and minimalist designDialogues should not contain information which irrelevant or rarely needed. Every extra unit ofinformation in a dialogue competes with the relevant units of information and diminishes their

relative visibility.


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9. Help users recognize, diagnose, and recover from errorsError messages should be expressed in plain language (no codes), precisely indicate the problem,and constructively suggest a solution.

10.Help and documentationEven though it is better if the system can be used without documentation, it may be necessary toprovide help and documentation. Any such information should be easy to search, focused on theuser's task, list concrete steps to be carried out, and not be too large.


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Appendix: 4 Jakob Nielsens Top Ten Homepage Usability

Guidelines

A companys homepage on the web is its face to the world. Potential customers refer this page

before doing business with the company. Therefore it is important that the homepage is usable.

By increasing a company homepages usability, the web sites business value is improved. The

following are the top ten Guidelines published by J. Nielsen on his website.

The presence of a one sentence tag-line: Start the page with a tagline that summarizeswhat the company does, especially if the company is less than famous.

Window Title should have good visibility in Search Engines and Bookmark lists: Titletag should begin with company name rather than something lie Welcome to list it

ahead while searching.

Corporate Information Grouping: All corporate information should be grouped andconsolidated in one area where a summary of the companys corporate information can

be found in one click.

Emphasize the High-Priority tasks: a clear starting point should be offered to the usersvisiting the web site.

Search box to search the web site Real site content to be shown rather than examples Link names on the site should begin with relevant keywords. This make links

meaningful.

Recent additions to the web site should be easily accessible. Critical content like Navigational areas shouldnt be over formatted. Graphics should be meaningful: Pictures should relate to other contents on the site.


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9) References & Biblography:-

[1] http://www.usabilityfirst.com/accessibility/principles.txl

[2] http://www.usabilityfirst.com/accessibility/index.txl

[3] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orkut

[4] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/amazon.com

[5] http://www.cyberlink.com/products/youcam/overview_en_US.html

[6] http://access.ecs.soton.ac.uk/ToolBar/functions

[7] World Health Organization web site: Disabilities, http://www.who.int/topics/disabilities/en/

[8] Wikipedia pages on Accessibility, Usability, Computer Accessibility, and related documents.

[9] J. Nielsen, Usability Heuristics, http://www.useit.com/papers/heuristic/heuristic_list.html

[10] Web2Access, http://web2access.org.uk/

[11] Web Accessibility Evaluation Toolkit, http://wave.webaim.org/

[12] Non Visual Desktop Access, http://www.nvda-project.org/

[13] Web Accessibility Initiative, http://www.w3.org/WAI/

[14] Unified Web Evaluation Methodology, http://www.wabcluster.org/uwem1_2/

[15] Adopting WCAG 2.0, http://www.dingoaccess.com/accessibility/adopting-wcag-2/

[16] Usability Methods Toolbox, http://jthom.best.vwh.net/usability/

[17] Jakob Nielsens Alertbox: Newsletter on Web Usability, http://www.useit.com/alertbox/

[18] Firefox Accessibility Extension, http://firefox.cita.uiuc.edu/, Illinois Center for Information

Technology and Web Accessibility.

[19] J. Nielsens Homepage Usability Guidelines, http://www.useit.com/alertbox/20020512.html

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