astm a 10.7

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T A N S I A10.7 89 724150 0031933 8 S .

ANSI A l 0.7a-1991Supplement to

ANSI A I0.7-1989

American National Standardfor construction and demolition

-

commercial explosives and blasting agents -safety requirements for transportation, storage, handling,

and use (new subclauses 6.1.3, 6.1.4, and 6.5.6.2)

( Approved J une 24,1991 Secretariat: National Safety Council )

of 2 pages

Insert new subclauses 6.1.3 and 6.1.4

6.1.3 Whenever a new explosive materi-als storage location, including a temporary jobsite, is established, local authorities, such aslaw enforcement agencies, fire departments,and local emergency planning committees,shall be notified immediately of the type,quantity, and location of explosive materials atthe site.

6.1.4 All normal access roads to explosivematerial storage facilities shall be posted withthe following warning sign:

DANGER

NEVER FIGHT EXPLOSIVE FIRES

EXPLOSIVES ARE STORED ON THIS SITE

CALL

An American National Standard implies a consensus of those substantially concerned with its scope and provisions. An American

National Standard is intended as a guide to aid the manufacturer, the consumer, and the general public. The existence of an

American National Standard does not in any respect preclude anyone, whether he has approved the standard or not, from manufac-

turing, marketing, purchasing, or using products, processes , or procedures not conformingto the standard. American National

Standards are subject to periodic review and users are cautioned to obtain the latest editions.

The American National Standards Institute does not develop standards and will in no circumstances give an interpretation of any

American National Standard. Moreover, no person shall have the right or authority to issue an interpretation of an American National

Standard in the name of the American National Standards Institute.

CAUTION NOTICE: This American National Standard may be revised or withdrawn at any time. The procedures of the American

National Standards Institute require that action be taken to reaffirm, revise, or withdraw this standard no later than five years from the

date ofapproval. Purchasers of American National Standards may receive current information on all standards by calling or writing

the American National Standards Institute.

ACopyright Q 1991 b y American National standards Institute,11 West 42nd Street, New York, N.Y. 10036 ANSISCI291/10YRIGHT American National Standards Institute

ensed by Information Handling Services

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If A N S I A30.7 A9 M 0724350 0033934 T M I* _

of 2 pages

~ The sign shall be weather resistant, have areflective surface, and have lettering that is aminimum of 2 inches high. The first two line$ oflettering shall be red and the remaining letter-ing black.

Replace current Subclause 6.5.6.2 wi th the fol lowing text :

6.5.6.2 The placards required by the U.S.Department of Transportation for the transpor-tation of blasting agents shall be displayed onall Type-5 storage magazines while blastingagents are being stored in the magazine.

Renum ber current Subclauses 6.5 ,6.2 - 6.5.6.8 as 6 .5 .6 .3- 6.5.6.9

ANSI A l 0.7a-1991

YRIGHT American National Standards Instituteensed by Information Handling Services

7/28/2019 ASTM A 10.7


ANSI ALO- 7 89 W O724350 00004L2 L W 1I ANSI A10.7-1989

s 3% 1 \

fo r Construction und Demolition -

Commercial Explosives and Blasting Agents -

Safety Requirements f o r Transportation,Storage, Handling, and Use

- ~ m ~ n

American National Standards Institute1430 Broadway

New Y o r k ,New York I


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ANSI A L 0 9 7 87 E 072'4LCO OOOO ' t 3 3 3 E

ANSI @AI0.7-1989

RevisionofANSI Al0.7-1987

American National Standardfor Construction and Demolition-

Commercial Explosives and Blasting Agents -Safety Requirements for Transportation,

Storage, Handling, and Use

Secretariat

National Safety Counc il

Approved September 18,1989

Am erican National Standards Institute, Inc


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Approval of an American National Standard requires verification by ANSI that the re-

merican quirements for d ue process, consensus, and other criteria for approval have been m et b y

National the standards developer.

Standard Consensus is established when, in the judgm ent of th e ANSI Board of Standards Review,

substan tial agreement has been reached by d irectly and materially affected interests. Sub-

stantial agreement means mu ch more than a simple majority, but not necessarily unanim-

ity. Consensus requires that all views and o bjections be c onsidered , and t hat a concertedeffort be made toward their resolution.

The use of American National Stan dards is completely voluntary; their existence does n ot

in any respect preclude anyone, whether he ha s approved the standards or not, from inan-

ufacturing, marketing, purchasing, or using products, processes, or procedures no t con-

forming to the standards.

The American National Standards Institute do es not develop standards and will in n o cir-

cumstan ces give an interpretation of any American National Stan dard . Moreover, no per-

son shall have the right or autho rity to issue an interpretation of an American National

Standard in the nam e of the American National Standards Institute. R equests for inter-

pretations should be addressed to the secretariat o r sponsor whose name appears on the

title page of this standard.

CAUTION NOTICE: This American National Standard m ay be revised or withdrawn at

any time. The procedures of t he American National Standards Institute require that

action b e taken periodically t o reaffirm, revise, o r withdraw this standard. Purchasers

of American National Standards may receive current information o n all standards by

calling o r writing th e American National Standards Institute.

Copyright O 1989 by American National Standards Institute, ïn c

All rig hts reserved.

No part of this publication may be reproduced in an y form,in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise, withoutthe prior written permission of the publisher.

Printed in the United Sta tes of America

A lM1289/21

Published by

American National Standards Institute1430 Broadway, New York, Ne w York 10018


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A N S I A 1 0 - 7 87 H 072q150 0000415 7 =

Foreword (This Foreword is not part of American National Standard A10.7-1989.)

This, the 1989 revision of the standard last revised in 1987, brings the standard up to

date with respect to governmental regulations and industry practice.

The standard applies to the construction and demolition operations industry. It pro-

vides reasonable minimum recommendations for establishing and maintaining health

and safety for those involved with commercial explosives and blasting agents. (The

reader is also advised to consult the many governmental regulations bearing on the

subjects covered in this standard.)

This standard was first approved and published as Part VI, Blasting, of American

National Standard Safety Code for Building Construction, ANSI A10.2-1944. It was

next revised as American National Standard Safety Requirements for Transportation,

Storage, Handling, and Use of Commercial Explosives and Blasting Agents in the

Construction Industry, ANSI A10.7-1970, and a revision of this was published in

1979. The 1987 revision appeared as American National Standard for Construction and

Demolition-Commercial Explosives and Blasting Agents-Safety Requirements for

Transportation, Storage, Handling, and Use.

This standard is one of a series of safety standards that have been formulated by

Accredited Standards Committee on Safety in Construction and Demolition Opera-

tions, Alo,

It is expected that the standards in the A10 series will find a major application in

industry, serving as a guide to contractors, labor, and equipment manufacturers. For

the convenience of the users, existing and proposed standards in th e A10 series for

safety requirements in construction and demolition operations are as follows:

A10.3 Powder-Actuated Fastening Systems

A10.4 Personnel Hoists

A10.5 Material Hoists

A10.6 Demolition

A10.7 Commercial Explosives and Blasting Agents- Safety Requirements for

Transportation, Storage, Handling, and Use

A10.8 ScaffoldingA10.9 Concrete Construction and Masonry Work

A1O.10 Temporary and Portable Space Heating Devices and Equipment Used in the

Construction Industry

A10.11 Safety Nets Used during Construction, Repair, and Demolition Operations

Alo. 12 Excavation (under development)

A10.13 Steel Erection

A10.15 Dredging

A10.16 Tunnels, Shafts, and Caissons

A10.17 Asphalt Pavement Construction (under development)

A10.18 Temporary Floor and Wall Openings, Flat Roofs, Stairs, Railings, and

A10.19 Pile Driving (under development)

A10.20 Ceramic Tile, Terrazzo, and Marble WorkA10.22 Rope-Guided and Nonguided Workmen’s Hoists

A10.24 Roofing (under development)

A10.27 Asphalt Mixing Plants for Construction Projects (under development)

A10.28 Work Platforms Suspended from Cranes or Derricks

A10.30 Drilled Caissons (under development)

A10.31 Digger Derricks

A10.32 Fall Prevention System (under development)

A10.33 Safety Programs (under developmeiit)

Toeboards


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A N S I A30.7 8 7 U 0724350 OOOOLl3b 7

A10.34 Public Protection (under development)

A10.35 High Pressure Hydro Blasting (under development)

A10.36 Dry Diamond Laws (under development)

A10.37 Debris Nets (under development)

One purpose of these standards is to serve as a guide to governmental authorities

having jurisdiction over subjects within the scope of the A10 Committee. If these

standards are adopted for governmental use, the references to other national codes orstandards in the individual volumes may be changed to refer to the corresponding

regulations of the governmental authorities.

All inquiries requesting interpretation of the language of the Committee’s approved

American National Standards must be in writing and directed to the secretariat. The

A10 Committee shall approve the interpretation before a response is sent to the in-

quirer. (Only the A10 Committee is authorized to provide any interpretation of this

standard.)

The A10 Committee solicits commentson , and criticisms of, the requirements of the

standards, The standards will be revised form time to time to provide for new develop-

ments. Suggestions for improvement of this standard will be welcome.

All requests for interpretation and all suggestions for improvement should be sent to

the A10 Committee, National Safety Council, 444 North Michigan Avenue, Chicago,

IL 60611.

This standard was processed and approved for submittal to ANSI by Accredited Stan-

dards Committeeon Safety in Construction and Demolition Operations, Alo. Commit-

tee approval of the standard does not necessarily imply that all committee members

voted for its approval. At the time it approved this standard, the A10 Committee had

the following members:

Matthew J. Burkart, Chairman

Jim E. Lapping, Vice-chairman

Phil Schmidt, Secretary

Organization Represented Name of Representative

Aegis Corporation ................................................................................ Matthew J. BurkartAlliance of American Insurers ............................................................. Daniel J. Mortenson

Campbell G. Dewey (Alt)Robert S.Gosnell

American Concrete Institute ................................................................ Peter D. CourtoisS. . Henry (Alt)

American Federation of Labor -

Leslie Murphy (Alt)Congress of Industrial Organizations .............................................. Jim E. Lapping

American Institute of Architects ......................................................... H. W. EisenbergAmerican Institute of Steel Construction ............................................ Ron Davis

American Insurance Service Group, Inc ............................................. Micheal Sbaglia

American Society of Safety Engineers ................................................ Ernest Jorgenson, Jr

Charles Peshek (Alt)

Peter C. Danielsen (Alt)

F. C. Daniels (Alt)Associated Builders and C ontractors .................................................. Thomas VorholtThe Associated G eneral Contractors of America ............................... Paul A. KingBlack & Veatch .................................................................................... Richard K. King

Colonna’s Shipyard, Incorporated ....................................................... Oscar F. Smith, IVGary Buffington (Alt)

Harry Huggins (Alt)Construction Industry Manufacturers Association ............................. William E. MillerE. I. DuPont DeNemours & Company ................................................. A. D. Cobb

Engineering Contractors Association .................................................. Tom M alloyD. A. Gaddy (Alt)

Richard Chapman (Alt)


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A N S I AL0.7 84 072'4150 O O O O Y 1 7 O

Organization Represented Name ofRepreseMatìve

Human Factors Society ........................................................................ ~ w i s. BarbeIndustrial Safety Equipm ent Association ............................................ Frank E. Wilcher

Institute of Makers of Explosives ........................................................ Roger N. Prescott

International Association of Bridge Structured

Intemational Brotherhood of E lectrical Workers ............................... George E. SmithDick Stromburg (Alt)

International Union of Operation Engineers ....................................... A, Bennett Hill, JrDon Ciuson (Alt)

Laborers International Union of North America ................................ Vito RussoMechanical Contractors Association of America ............................... Jack Hansman

William C. Abernathy (Alt)Morley Brickman and Associates Ltd ................................................. Morley BrickmanNational Association of Dredging Contractors ................................... Gil MillerNational A ssociation of Governmental Labor Officials ..................... John BrooksNational Association of Hom e Builders ............................................. Harold E. Van WerdenNational Contractors A ssociation ........................................................ Kenneth A. ParadisNational Electrical Contractors Association ....................................... Charles J. Hart

William J. Normand (Alt)National Erectors A ssociation ............................................................. William Treharne

S. C. Burkhammer (Alt)

National Roofing Con tractors A ssociation ......................................... Andrew JohnsonCarl Good (Alt)

Catherine A. Morin (A lt)

Thomas P. Dowling (Alt)

and Ornamental Iron Workers ......................................................... Bernard Puchalski (Alt)

National Safety Council ....................................................................... John A. GleichmanOn S ite Health Services, Inc ................................................................ Judith A. Paul

Sue Kennedy (Alt)Professional Safety Consultants, Inc ................................................... Clyde W. Farrar, JrSinto, Inc .............................................................................................. Daniel M. aine

David Denny (Alt)Th e Taylor Companies ......................................................................... Randy KruegerUnited A ssociation ............................................................................... Joe A. AdamUnited Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners of America ...............oseph L. Durst, JrUnited Union of R oofers, Waterproofers and Allied Workers ..........Robert J. Kru1

United States Department of the Army ............................................... James T. Pattea

United States Department of Labor -Occupational Safety and Health Adm inistration ............................ Roy Gurnham

United States Environmental Protection Agency ............................... Anthony D. BrownJames Makris (Alt)

United States National Bureau of Standards ....................................... H. S . LewWire Rope T echnical Board ................................................................ J o ~erryZeise ...................................................................................................... Ingo ZeiseZum Industries ..................................................................................... Jeffrey D. Meddm

Joseph A. Wiederkehr (Alt)

Michael G. Vogt (Alt)

This revision was deve loped by the A10 Comm ittee as a whole, sitting as a workinggroup, in consultation with many knowledgeable persons in the field.


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PAGEContents1 Scope and Purpose ....................................................................................................

1.1 Purpose .............................................................................................................1.2 Scope ................................................................................................................

2. Referenced and Related Standards and Other Publications ....................................2.1 Referenced American National Standard .......................................................2.3 Referenced Publications ..................................................................................2.4 Related Standards ............................................................................................

2.2 Other Referenced Standards............................................................................

3. Definitions .................................................................... ............................................ 8

4. General Requirements............................................................................................... 11

5. Transportation of Explosives .................................................................................... 12

5.1 General Provisions ........................................................................................... 12

5.2 Transportation Vehicles................................................................................... 12

Operation of Transportation Vehicles............................................................. 13

5.4 Underground Transportation ........................................................................... 13

6. Storage of Explosive Materials................................................................................. 146.1 General Provisions........................................................................................... 14

Classification and Use of Magazines.............................................................. 14

Location of Magazines .................................................................................... 14

Construction of Magazines-General Considerations................................... 16

Construction of Magazines-Specifics .......................................................... 16

Operation of Magazines .................................................................................. 19

7.Use of Explosive Materials....................................................................................... 20

7.1 General Provisions ........................................................................................... 20

Blaster -Minimum Qualifications.................................................................. 20

Blaster's Permit Restrictions ........................................................................... 21

Denial. Revocation. or Suspension of Permits ............................................... 21

Loading of Explosive Materials ...................................................................... 22

Initiation of Explosive Charges....................................................................... 22

8.Firing the Blast .......................................................................................................... 24

9.Procedure After Blasting ........................................................................................... 25

Returning to Blast Area ................................................................................... 25

Inspection of Blast Area .................................................................................. 25

9.3 Misfires ............................................................................................................ 25

Classification and Use of Magazines ..................................................... 15

Types of Blaster's Permit ........................................................................ 21

Appendix A Excavation Work in Compressed Air ............................................... 26

Manufacture and Storage of Explosive Materials............................ 28

5.3

6.2

6.3

6.4

6.5

6.6

7.2

7.3

7.4

7.5

7.6

9.1

9.2

Tables

Table 1

Table 2

Table 3

Appendixes

Using ATD and SDT to Determine Distances ....................................... 15

Appendix B Safe Distance Tables for Locating Facilities for the

Appendix C Survey of Job Site ............................................................................. 36


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A N S I A10.7 87 0724350 0000417 4 U

American National Standardfor Construction and Demolition-

Commercial Explosives and Blasting Agents -

Safety R equirements for Transport at on,Storage, Handling, and Use

1. Scope and Purpose

1.1 Purpose. The purpose of this standard is to pro-

vide the construction industry with reasonable mini-mu m recommendations for establishing and main-

taining a level of health and safety with regard to the

transportation, storage, handling, and use of commer-

cial explosives and blasting agents.

1.2 Scope1.2.1 This standard is applicable to the transporta-

tion, storage, handling, and use of commercial explo-

sives and blasting agents in the construction industry.

1.2.2 This standard does not supersede legal re-

quirements, or laws, or regulations by local, state, or

federal agencies, pertaining to the transportation,

storage, handling, and use of commercial explosives

and blasting agents.

1.2.3 The following exceptions should be noted.

The requirementsof this standard shall not be applied

to pyrotechnics, small-arms ammunition, or explo-

sive power packs in the form of explosive-activated

or explosive-charged construction devices such as

explosive rivets, explosive bolts, explosive charges

for driving pins or studs, and cartridges for explo-

sive-actuated power tools.

2. Referenced and Related Standards andOther Publications

2.1 Referenced American National Standard.This standard is intended for use in conjunction with

the National Electrical Code, ANSI/NFPA 70-1987.

When this referenced standard is superseded by a re-

vision approved by the American National Standards

Institute, Inc, th e revision shall apply.

2.2 Other Referenced Standards. This standard is

also intended for use with the following standards:

IME Publication No. 2 (February 1986), The Ameri-

can Table of Distances’

IME Publication No. 12 (January 1985), Glossary ofCommercial Explosives Industrial Terms’

IME Publication No. 20 (December 1988), Safety

Guide for the Prevention of Radio Frequency Radia-

tion Hazards in th e Use of Commercial Detonators’

2.3 Referenced Publications. This standard is also

intended for use with the following publications.

[1] Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms

(Department of the Treasury) CFR 27, Part 55

[2] U.S. Department of Transportation,CFR 49, Part173.14(a)

[3] Code of Federal Regulations (“CommerceinExplosives”) Part 55, Title 27 (Dated: this list is up-

dated at least annually)2

[4] Importation, Manufacture, Distribution, and

Storage of Explosive Materials, 18 U.S,C., Chapter

40

[5] Organized Crime Control Act of 1970, U.S.C.

Title 18, Section 841

[6] U.S. Department of Transportation, CFR Title

49 , Parts 1-999


49,Parts 100-179

Available from Institute of Makers of Explosives, Suite310, 1120 1 9th Street, NW, Washington, DC 20036-3605.

Available from U.S. Government Printing Office, Super-intendent of Docum ents, Washing ton, DC 20402.

7


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A N S I A10.7 4 7 0724150 0000420 O 9

AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDAR D A10.7-1989


49, Parts 100-199

2.4 Related Standards. The following standards

are listed for information only and are not essential

for completion of the requirements of this standard.

ANSI/NFPA 1-1987, Fire Prevention Code

ANSI/NFPA 10-1988, Portable Fire Extinguishers

ANSINPA 495- 1985, Manufacture, Transportation,

Storage, and Use of Explosive Materials

ANSI/NFPA 498-1986, Explosives Motor Vehicle

Terminals

IMFi Publication No, 1 (June 1986), Construction

Guide for Storage Magazines’

IMEi Publication No. 3 (January 1985), Suggested

Code of Regulations for the Manufacture, Transpor-

tation, Storage, Sale, Possession and Use of Explo-

sive Materials’

IME Publication No. 4 June 1989), Warnings and

Instructions for Consumers in Transporting, Storing,

Handling and Using Explosive Materials’

IMFi Publication No, 17 (March 1987), Safety in the

Transportation, Storage, Handling and Use of Explo-

sive Materials’

3. Definitions

In this standard, the following definitions shall apply:

acceptor. A charge of explosives or blasting agent

receiving an impulse from an exploding donor charge.

ammonium nitrate. The ammonium salt of nitric

acid, represented by the formula “,NO3.

authorized; approved; authorization; approval.

Terms that refer to persons, installations, equipment,

or procedures that are authorized or approved by, or

have authorization or approval by, th é authority hav-

ing jurisdiction.

authority having jurisdiction. The governmental

agency, office, or individual responsible for approv-ing equipment, an installation, or a procedure.

blast area. The area of a blast, including the area

immediately adjacent that is within the influence of

flying-rock missiles and concussion.

blast preparation. Drilling, hole inspection, loading

explosive charges, installing systems for initiation

and confinement of the blast.

blast site. The area in which explosive materials are

being loaded, or have been loaded, including all

holes to be loaded for the same blast for a distance of

50 feet on all sides.

blaster. That qualified person in charge of, and

responsible for, the loading and firing of a blast

(same as shot firer),

blastingprimary blasthg . Blasting to fragment and dis-

place material from its original position to facili-

tate subsequent handling and crushing.

secondary blasting. Blasting to reduce the size of

boulders resulting from a primary blast.

blasting agent. An explosive material that meets

prescribed criteria for insensitivity to initiation.

For storage, a blasting agent is defined as any

material or mixture, consisting of fuel and oxidizer,

intended for blasting but not otherwise defined as anexplosive. This assumes that the finished product, as

mixed for use or shipment, cannot be detonated by

means of a No. 8 test blasting cap when unconfined

(for storage purposes, the definition is from a regula-

tion of the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms

of the Department of the Treasury [i])?

For transportation, a blasting agent is defined as a

material for blasting that has been tested and found to

be so insensitive that there is very little probability of

accidental initiation to explosion or transition from

deflagration to detonation (for transport purposes, the

definition is from a Department of Transportation

regulation [2]).

blasting cap. A metallic capsule containing an initi-

ating explosive and a base charge, open at the upper

end to accept a section of safety fuse, and used for

initiating the primer or main charge. Also referred to

as:fuse cap , regular o r ordinary blasting cap .

block-holing. The secondary reduction of boulders

by loading and firing light explosive charges in

drilled holes of small diameter.

bulk-mix delivery equipment. Equipment (usually

a motor vehicle with or without mechanical delivery

device) that transports explosive materials in bulkform for mixing, or for loading directly into blast

holes, or both.

bullet-resistant construction. Magazine walls or

doors of construction that is resistant to penetration

Numbers in brackets refer to corresponding numbers in2.3, “Referenced Publications.”

8


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A N S I AL0.7 89 0724350 0000423 2

by a bullet of 150-grainM2ball ammunition of

nominal muzzle velocity 2,700 feet per second, fired

from a .3 0 caliber rifle at a right angle to the wall ordoor, from a distance of 190 feet.

When a magazine ceiling or roof is required to be

bullet-resistant, the ceiling or roof shall be con-

structed of materials comparable to the side walls orof other materials that will withstand penetration

when the bullet described above is fired at an angle

of 45 degrees to the surface.

Tests to determine bullet-resistance shall be con-

ducted on test panels or empty magazines that will

resist penetration of 5 out of 5 shots placed independ-

ently of each other in an area at least 3 feet by 3 feet.

If hardwood or softwood is used, th e water content of

the wood shall not exceed 15%.

Examples of construction that meet this defini-

tions are given in 6.5.5.

bullet-sensitive explosive material. Explosive ma-

terial that can be detonated by 150-grainM2ballammunition of nominal muzzle velocity 2700 feet

per second, fired from a -3 0caliber rifle from a dis-

tance of 100feet when the test material, at 70°F o

75’F, is placed against a backing material of half-

inch steel plate.

bus wire. Two wires that form extensions of the lead

line and connecting wire and that are common to all

caps in parallel. In parallel firing, each of the two

wires of each electric blasting cap is connected to a

different bus wire.For parallel firing of a series, each side of the

series is connected to a different bus wire.

competent person. A person who is capable of

identifying existing and predictable unsanitary condi-

tions, or hazards or dangers to employees, in the

surroundingsor working conditions, and who has

authorization to take prompt corrective measures to

eliminate the causes,

connecting wire. A wire of smaller gauge than lead-

ing wire, used for connecting to lead lines or extend-

ing electric blasting-cap leg-wires from one borehole

to another.

conveyance. Any unit for transporting explosives or

blasting agents, including, but not limited to, trucks,trailers, rail cars, barges, and ships.

designated person. An authorized person (See au -

thorized; approved; authorization; approval.)

detonating cord. A flexible cord, containing a cen-

ter core of high explosive, used to initiate other ex-plosives.

AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD A10.7-1989

detonator, Any device containing any initiating orprimary explosive that is used for initiating detona-

tion, A detonator may not contain more than 10

grams of total explosives by weight, excluding igni-

tion or delay charges, The term includes, but is not

limited to, electric blasting caps of instantaneous and

delay types, blasting caps for use with safety fuses,

detonating-cord delay connectors, and nonelectric

instantaneous and delay blasting caps that use deto-

nating cord, shock tube, or any other replacement for

electric leg-wires.

donor. An exploding charge producing an impulse

that impinges upon an “acceptor” charge.

electric blasting cap. A blasting cap designed for,

and capable of, initiation by means of an electric

current.

emulsion explosive, An explosive material contain-

ing substantial amounts of oxidizers dissolved inwater droplets surrounded by an immiscible fuel.

explosive materials. The term includes, but is notlimited to, dynamite and other high explosives; slur-

ries, emulsions, and water gels; black powder and .

pellet powder; initiating explosives; detonators

(blasting caps); safety fuse; squibs; detonating cord;

igniter cord; and igniters.

A list of explosive materials determined to be

within the coverage of “18 U.S.C, Chapter 40, Impor-

tation, Manufacture, Distribution and Storage of

Explosive Materials” is issued at least annually by

th e Director of the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and

Firearms of th e Department of the Treasury [3], [4].The United States Department of Transportation

classifications of explosive materials used in com-

mercial blasting operations are not identical with the

statutory definitionsof the Organized Crime Control

Act of 1970 [5] .To achieve uniformity in transportation, th e defi-

nitions of these materials in the United $tates Depart-

ment of Transportation in Title 49 , Transportation

CFR Parts 1-999 are subdivided into the following

categories [6]:

maximum hazard

(1) Class A Explosives- etonatingor otherwise

(2) Class B Explosives- lammable hazard

(3) Class C Explosives-minimum hazard

(4) Blasting Agents-See definition for blasting

agent

explosives. Any chemical compound, mixture, ordevice, th e primary or common purpose of which is

to function by explosion.

9


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fire extinguisher rating. A rating, set forth in ANSINFPA 1-1987,National Fire Code, that may be iden-

tified on an extinguisher by a number, for example,

5,20, or 70, indicating relative effectiveness, fol-

lowed by a letter, for example, A, B, or C, indicating

the class or classes of fires for which the extinguisher

has been found to be effective.

fire-resistant. Designed and constructed to offer

controlled protection against fire.

flash point. The lowest temperature at which vapor

from a volatile combustible (flammable) substance

ignites in air when exposed to flame.

fuse lighters. Pyrotechnic devices for rapid and

certain lighting of safety fuse.

hardwood. Any close-grained wood, such as oak,maple, ash, and the like, that is free from loose knots,

wind shakes,or similar defects.

high explosives. Explosives that are characterizedby a very high rate of reaction, high pressure devel-

opment, and the presence of a detonation wave in the

explosions.

highway. Any street, alley, or road.

inhabited building. A building regularly occupied,

in whole or in part, as a habitation for human beings;

or any church, schoolhouse, railroad station, store, orother structure where people are accustomed to as-

semble, except any building or structure occupied in

connection with the manufacture, transportation,

storage, or use of explosive materials.

issuing authority. The governmental agency, office,

or official vested with the authority to issue permits

or licenses.

leading (lead) lines or w ire. The insulating wire

connecting the electrical power source with the elec-

tric blasting-cap circuit.

low explosives. Explosives that are characterized by

deflagration, or a low rate of reaction, and the devel-

opment of low pressures.

magazine. An y structure, container, or building,

other than a building in which explosives are man-

ufactured, approved for the storage of explosive

materials.

mass-de tonation (mass-expIosion). Explosive ma-

terials mass-detonate (mass-explode) when one unit

or any part of a large quantity of explosive material

explodes and causes detonation or explosion of all ora substantial part of the remaining material simulta-

neously. With respect to detonators, “a substantial

part” means 90 percent or more.

misfire. An explosive material that fails to detonate

completely after an attempt at initiation.

motor vehicle. Any self-propelled vehicle, truck,

tractor, semitrailer,or full trailer that is used for thetransportation of freight over public highways.

mud-capping. A mud-covered or unconfined explo-

sive blast, fired in contact with a rock surface without.

the use of a borehole.

nonelectric delay device. A detonator with an inte-

gral delay element, used in conjunction with, and

capable of being initiated by, a detonating impulse.

oxidizer or oxidizing material. A substance, such

as a nitrate, that readily yields oxygen or other oxi-

dizing substances to stimulate the combustion of

organic matter or other fuel.

particle-board. A composition-board made out of

very small pieces of wood bonded together with, for

example, a synthetic resin.

permanent blasting line or wire. A permanently

mounted, insulated leading wire, used between the

electric power source and the electric blasting-cap

circuit.

person. Any individual, corporation, company, as-

sociation, firm, partnership, society,or joint-stock

company.

placards. Signs placed on vehicles transporting

hazardous materials (including explosive materials)

indicating the nature of the cargo.

plywood. Exterior-construction-grade plywood.

primer. A unit, package, or cartridge of explosives,

used to initiate other explosivesor blasting agents,

and which contains (1 ) a detonator; or (2) detonating

cord to which is attached a detonator designed to

initiate the detonating cord.

qualified. One who, by possession of a recognized

degree, certificate,or professional standing, and who

by extensive knowledge, training, and experience has

successfully demonstrated the ability to solve orresolve problems relating to the subject matter, the

work, or the project.

railway. Any steam-powered, electric, or other rail-

road or railway that carries passengers for hire.

safety fuse. A flexible cord, containing an internal

burning medium by which fire or flame is conveyed

10


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A N S I A 1 0 . 7 87 W 0 7 2 L l 1 5 0 0000423 b W

at a continuous and uniform rate from the point of

ignition to thepoint of use, usually a detonator.

semi-conductive hose. A hose whose electrical

resistance is high enough to limit flow of stray elec-

tric currents to safe levels, yet not so high as to pre-

vent drainage of static electric charges to ground.

Hose meeting this requirement has a resistance of not

more than 2 megohms over its entire length, but not

less than 5000 ohms per foot.

sensitivity. A physical characteristic of an explosive

material, classifying its ability to detonate upon re-

ceiving an external impulse such as impact shock,

flame, or other influence that can cause explosive

decomposition.

shall. In this standard, th e verb used to indicate man-

datory requirements.

shot firer. See blasrer.

should. In this standard, the verb used to indicate

recommendations.

singular and plural. Words used in th e singular

shall generally be understood to refer also to more

than one instance, whereas words used in the plural

shall also generally be understood to be applicable to

a single case.

slurry. An explosive material containing substantial

portions of liquid, oxidizers, and fuel, plus a thick-

ener.

softwood. Douglas fir, or other wood of equal bullet-

resistance, free from loose knots, wind shakes, or

similar defects,

springing. The practice of enlarging the bottom of a

blast-hole by the use of a relatively small charge of

explosive material. Typically, this is done so that a

larger charge of explosive material can be loaded into

the same borehole in a subsequent blast.

steel. General-purpose ow-carbon steel (hot- orcold-rolled) such as ASTM specification A366 orequivalent.

stemming. Inert material placed in a borehole after

the explosive, used to confine the explosive materi-

ais, or to separate charges of explosive materials

placed in the same borehole.

theft-resistant. Designed and constructed to deter

illegal entry into facilities for the storage of explo-

sive material,

water gel. An explosive material containing substan-

tial portions of water, oxidizers, and fuel, plus a

cross-linking agent,


weather-resistant. Designed and constructed to

offer reasonable protection against weather.

4. General Requirements

4.1 Explosives are intentionally manufactured toexplode, and when supplied with sufficient initiating

energy will do so. Furthermore, explosives will not

distinguish between initiating energy supplied acci-

dentally and that supplied deliberately. Therefore, the

burden of protecting explosives from accidental

sources of initiating energy must rest with those who

handle and use the explosives.

4.2 All federal, state, county, or municipal laws,

ordinances, or regulations applicable to the transpor-

tation, storage, handling, and use of commercial ex-

plosives and blasting agents shall be obeyed.

4.3 All persons involved in th e Vansportation, stor-

age, handling, or use of explosives or blasting agents

shall be a minimum of 21 years of age. They shall

also be. careful, capable, reliable, and able to read and

understand instructions. They shall not be addicted to

the use of, or under the influence of, intoxicants ornarcotics that reduce their ability to function nor-

mally.

4.4 A competent person shall always be in charge of

explosives and shall be held responsible for seeing

that all safety precautions are taken in connection

therewith.

4.5 When any blasting is done, precautions shall be

exercised to prevent damage and to minimize earth

vibrations, air blasts, and thrown fragments.

4.6 Smoking; firearms; cartridges; open-flame

lamps; and other fire-producing, flame-producing,orheat-producing devices shall be prohibited in or near

an explosives magazine; and while explosives are

being handled, transported,or used. However, safe

smoking areas should be provided at a distance that

prevents ignition sources from reaching the hazard

area.

4.7 No fire shall be fought that has come in contact

with explosives. All personnel shall be removed to asafe area and the fire area guarded against intruders.

4.8 No explosives shall be left lying around or al-

lowed to fall into th e hands of children or irrespon-

sible persons.

4.9 No explosives material or blasting agents shall

be abandoned,

11


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A N S I AL097 87 0 7 2 4 3 5 0 0 0 0 0 ~ 2 4 W

AMERICAN NATIONAL STA NDARD A10.7-1989

5. Transportation of Explosives

5.1 General Provisions5.1.1 The transportation of explosive materials

over all highways within areas of authority having ju-

risdiction shall be in accord with regulations of the

U.S. Department of Transportation [7].

through any prohibited vehicular tunnel, or subway,

or over any prohibited bridge, roadway, or elevated

highway.

5.1.3 No person shall smoke, or carry matches or

any other flame-producing device, or carry any fire-

arms or cartridges, while in or near a motor vehicle

transporting explosive materials. However, the au-

thority having jurisdiction may authorize the use of a

separate container (for smoking materials and flame-

producing devices only) to be placed on the outside

of the vehicle, away from the cargo area. This con-

tainer shall be labeled as to the contents, and shall

have a lock.

5.1.4 No person shall drive, load, or unload a

vehicle Uansporting explosive materials in a careless

or reckless manner,

5.1.5 Explosive materials shall not be carried or

transported in or upon a public conveyance or vehicle

carrying passengers.

5.1.6 Explosive materials shall not be transferred

from one motor vehicle to another on any public

highway, street, or road within any city, county, or

state without informing th e fire and police depart-

ments thereof. In the event of breakdown or collision,

the local fire and police departments shall be

promptly notified of the location and type of cargo.

Explosive materials shall be transferred from the

disabled vehicle to another vehicle only under proper

and qualified supervision.

5.1.7 Detonators may be transported with other

explosive materials in th e same motor vehicle only in

accordance with the requirements of the authority

having jurisdiction. The amounts of detonators, and

the containment, shall be such that: (1 ) the detonators

will be protected from initiation, and (2) the explo-

sives will be separated from the detonators, so that

initiation of the detonators will not affect the explo-

sives being transported.

5.2 Transportation Vehicles

5.2.1 Vehicles used for transporting explosive

materials shall be strong enough to carry the load and

be in good mechanical condition. The transportation

of explosive materials in open-bodied motor vehicles

that depend on a fire-resistant tarpaulin cover for

protection is not permitted. When explosive materials

5.1.2 Explosive materials shall not be transported

12

are transported by a vehicle with an open body, they

shall be loaded into a portable magazine or closed

container, and such portable magazine or container

shall be securely fastened to the truck bed. All ve-

hicles used for the transportation of explosive materi-

als shall have tight floors,and any exposed spark-

producing metal on the inside of the vehicle body,

portable magazine, or closed container shall be cov-

ered with wood or other nonsparking material to

prevent contact with the explosive materials, except

that exposed spark-producing metal need not be cov-

ered in vehicles transporting blasting agents or oxi-

dizing materials.

5.2.2 Motor vehicles, when used for transporting

any quantity of explosive materials, shall display the

placards required by regulations of the authority

having jurisdiction.

5.2.3 Each motor vehicle used for transporting

explosive materials shall be equipped with fire extin-

guishers.

5.2.3.1 The number of fire extinguishers shall

be as follows:

(i) Trucks of Less than 14 O00Pounds GVWRating. Minimum of two extinguishers with total

fire-extinguisher rating of at least 4-A:20-B:C.

(2) Trucks of over 14 O00Pounds GVW Rating

an d Tractor Semi-Trailer Units. Two or more extin-

guishers with a total fire extinguisher rating of at

least 4-A:70-B:Ce

by a nationally recognized testing laboratory shall be

used on motor vehicles carrying explosive materials.

They shall be equipped with a device permitting

visual determination of charged condition.

they will be accessible for immediate use.

recharged periodically in accordance with the

manufacturer’s recommendation.

temperatures, dry powder extinguishers shall be pres-

surized with nitrogen gas,

5.2.4 A motor vehicle used for transporting ex-

plosive materials shall be inspected each day before

use to determine that it is in proper condition for safe

transportation. The inspection shall determine that:

(1 ) Fire extinguishers are charged and ready for

use

(2) All electric wiring is protected and fastened to

prevent short-circuiting

(3 ) Chassis, motor, pan, and underside of body

are reasonably clean and free of excess oil and grease

(4) Fuel tanks, feed lines, and crossover lines are

secure and have no leaks

5.2.3.2 Only extinguishers listed or approved

5.2.3.3 Extinguishers shall be located where

5.2.3.4 Extinguishers shall be examined and

5.2.3.5 When trucks are operated in subzero


7/28/2019 ASTM A 10.7


ANSI AIO- 7 87 M 0724350 0000425 T M

( 5 ) Brakes, lights, horns, windshield wipers, de-

frosters, and steering apparatus are functioning prop-

erly

(6 ) Tires have proper inflation and are in service-

able condition, free of defects and mismatching that

might cause overheating or failure

5.3 Operation of Transportation Vehicles5.3.1 Vehicles transporting explosive materials

shall be driven by, and be in the charge of, a properly

licensed driver not less than 21 years of age, The

driver shall be physically fit, careful, capable, reli-

able, and able to read and write the English language.

The driver shall not be addicted to the use of, orunder the influence of, intoxicants or narcotics which

reduce theperson’s ability to function normally. The

driver shall be familiar with applicable local, state,

and federal laws and regulations governing the trans-

portation of explosive materials.

5.3.2 Except under emergency conditions, no

motor vehicle transporting explosive materials shallbe parked before reaching its destination, even

though attended, on any highway adjacent to, or in

proximity to, any bridge, tunnel, dwelling, building,

or place where people work, congregate,or assemble.

5.3.3 Every motor vehicle transporting any quan-

tity of explosive materials shall, at all times, be at-

tended by thedriver or another person employed by

th e driver’s employer, Such attendant shall have

been:

(1) Made aware of the class of explosive material

in the motor vehicle and of its inherent dangers

(2) Instructed in the measures and procedures to

be followed in order to protect the public from suchinherent dangers

(3) Familiarized with the vehicle he/she is as-

signed to attend

(4) Trained, authorized, and enabled to move the

vehicle when required

5.3.4 For the purpose of this section, an explo-

sives-laden motor vehicle shall be deemed “attended”

only when such attendant:

(1) Is physically on or in the vehicle, or has it

within sight and.can reach it quickly without any

in terference

(2) Is awake and alert and not engaged in other

duties or activities that divert the attendant’s atten-tion from the vehicle

(3) Only leaves th e vehicle, if there is a single

attendant, for brief periods for (a) necessary commu-

nication with public officers or representatives of the

carrier, shipper, or consignee; or (b) to provide for

necessary physical comfort

(4)Only leaves a laden vehicle for longer periods


if it is parked within a securely fenced or walled area

with all gates and entrances locked,at a site where

parking the explosives-laden vehicle is permitted, orat a magazine site or other location established solely

for th e purpose of storing explosive materials, and

approved for such storage by the authority having

jurisdiction,

5.3.5 Tires shall be checked for proper inflationand general condition after each 2 hours of travel, or100miles, whichever occurs first, and at every rest

stop, A flat or overheated tire shall be removed from

the vehicle immediately. After its removal, the tire

shall be placed far enough from the vehicle so that

spontaneous ignition of the tire will not endanger the

vehicle or its cargo. The tire shall not be replaced on

the vehicle until it has been cooled below the tem-

perature of ignition, nor shall it be used until the

cause of the problem has been corrected.

metal tools, oils, matches, firearms, electric storage

batteries, flammable substances, acids, oxidizing

materials, or corrosive compounds shall be carried in

the body of any motor vehicle transporting explosive

materials, except as permitted by regulations of th e

U.S. Department of Transportation (49 CFR) [8].

5.3.7 Vehicles transporting explosive materials

shall avoid congested areas and heavy traffic, and

shall follow special routes when such are designated

by local authorities.

5.3.8 Delivery shall be made only to authorized

persons, and into authorized magazinesor into ap-

proved temporary storageor handling areas.

5.3.9 Motor vehicles transporting explosive mate-

rials shall come to a full stop before crossing any

railway track or main highway, and shall not proceed

until the driver determines that th e way is clear.

5.3.10 Only authorized persons, drivers or pas-

sengers, are permitted on any motor vehicle trans-

porting explosive materials,

5.4 Underground Transportation

5.4.1 All explosive materials in transit under-

ground shall be taken to the place of use or storage

without delay.

an underground working place shall not exceed the

amount estimated to be necessary for the blast.5.4.3 Explosive materials in transit shall not be

left unattended.

5.4.4 The hoistman shall be notified before explo-

sive materials are transported in a shaft conveyance.

5.4.5 Explosive materials shall be hoisted or low-

ered in a powder car or in Type-2 or Type-3 maga-

zines. No other materials, supplies, or equipment

5.3.6 No spark-producing metal, spark-producing

5.4.2 The quantity of explosive materials taken to

13


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ANSI AIO-7 87 laa 0724150 000042b I W


shall be hoisted or lowered in the same cage or shaft-

conveyance.

5.4.6 While hoisting or lowering explosives or

blasting agents, the hoisting and lowering of muck or

other materials in other shaft compartments shall

only be permitted provided: (1) the hoisting compart-

ments are enclosed, or (2) the explosive materiais

being hoisted or lowered are in an adequately en-

closed shaft-conveyance.

5.4.7 No one, except the operator, the operator’s

helper, and the powderman (powder handler) shall be

permitted to ride on a conveyance transporting explo-

sive materials. No person shall ride in any shaft-

conveyance transporting explosive materials.

5.4.8 No explosive materials shall be transported

on an y locomotive.

5.4.9 No explosive materials shall be transported

on a man trip.

5.4.10 The car(s) or conveyance(s) containing

explosive materials shall be pulled, and not pushed,

whenever possible.

5.4.11 The powder car or conveyance shall bespecially built for the purpose of transporting explo-

sive material and each side shall bear a sign with the

word “Explosives” in letters not less than4 nches in

height upon a background of sharply contrasting

color,

5.4.12 Compartments for transporting both deto-

nators and explosive materials in the same horizontal

car or conveyance shall be physically separated by a

distance of at least 24 inches, or by a solid partition

at least 6 inches thick, or by an approved equivalent

method. Detonators and other explosives shall not betransported together in any shaft-conveyance.

5.4.13 Explosive materials or blasting supplies

shall not be transported with other materials.

5.4.14 Explosive material not in original contain-

ers shall be placed in a suitable container (not in

clothing or pockets) when transporting manually.

shall be carried in separate containers when trans-

porting manually.

5.4.15 Detonators, primers, and other explosives

6. Storage of Explosive Materials

6.1 General Provisions6.1.1 Explosive materials, including smokeless

propellants in quantities in excess of 800pounds, and

black powder propellants in quantities in excess of

5 pounds, shall be stored in magazines that meet the

requirements of Section 6.

14

6.1.2 All explosive materials shall be stored in

(1) In the process of being manufactured

(2) Being used at th e blast site

(3 ) Being loaded into transportation vehicles, or

magazines unless they are:

unloaded, or while in the course of transportation.

6.2 Classification and Use of M agazines

as indicated in Table 1,

pounds or less of explosive materials in warehouses

and in wholesale and retail establishments shall be

subject to approval by th e authority having jurisdic-

tion. They shall be fire-retardant and theft-resistant.

6.3 Location of Magazines

6.3.1 All outdoor magazines except Type 3 shall

be located in compliance with the Institute of Makers

of Explosives table titled “American Table of Dis-

tances for Storage of Explosive Materials” (ATD)4

which specifies minimum distances from inhabited

buildings, railways, and highways. Locatiqn of plants

for manufacturing blasting agents, and storage sites

for blasting agents and ammonium nitrate shall be in

compliance with the Institute of Makers of Explo-

sives table titled “Table of Recommended Separation

Distances of Ammonium Nitrate and Blasting Agents

from Explosives or Blasting Agents” (SDT): as well

as the ATD?

6.3.2 Separation Distances in ATD, SDT, or in

both of these tables shall be used when determining

minimum separation of storage facilities for explo-

sive materials and ammonium nitrate. ATD and SDT

shall be applied as indicated in Table 2 to determine

separation distances for specific types of materials.

a floor that has a direct entrance on, or a ramp to,

exterior grade-level. The magazine shall be located

not more than 10 feet from such an entrance. Two

magazines shall not be located in the same building

except when one is used for detonators only, in quan-

tities not in excess of 5000 detonators, and when a

distance of at least 10feet is maintained between the

magazines. The local fire department shall be noti-

fied of the location of the magazines and of any

change in location.

6.2.1 Outdoor magazines are classified and used

6.2.2 Indoor magazines used for the storage of 50

6.3.3 A magazine in a building shall be locatedon

The two tables, “AT D” and “SDT,“ are reproduced inAppendix B, by permission. They are from The A mericanTable of Distances, IME ublication No . 2.

To determine the required separation between a maga-zine for the storage of explosives and a magazine for thestorage of blasting agents, look up distances in both ATDand SDT, and use the greater distance.


7/28/2019 ASTM A 10.7


ANSI ALO-7 89 W 0724150 0000427 3


Table IClassification and Use of Magazines

Magazine TypesFeatures 1 2 3 4 5

ConstructionPermanentPortableBullet resistantFire resistantTheft resistant

Weather resistantVentilated

Storage of high explosives(Class-A ex plosive materials,dynamite, detonating cord,Class-A detona tors, and otherbullet-sensitive explosivematerials)

Storage of low explosives(Class-B propellant explosives,

black powder, propellant, andsmokeless propellants)

(Notes 2, 3)

Storage of safety fuse,electric s quibs, igniters,and igniter cord

Storage of Class-C detonators

XX

X XX XX X

X XX X

X X

X X

X X

X X

XX X

X XX X

X XX

(Note 1)

X

X X

X X

X X

XX

X(Note 1)

X

NOTES:(1) Type-3 and Type-5 magazines require one 5-tumbler padlock having a 3/8-

inch case-hardened shackle. The lock n eed not be hooded.(2) Includes electric detonators with legwires 4 feet long or longer or detona-

tors with empty plastic tubing 12feet long or longer that contain not more than 1gram of explosives (excluding ignition and delay charges).

(3) Detonators are not to be stored in he same magazine with other explosivematerials, except that Class-C detonators, and those described in Note 2, may bestored with safety fuse, electric squibs, igniters, or igniter cord in Typ e-1, Type-2,Type-3, or Ty pe 4 magazines.

Table 2

Using ATD and SDT toDetermin e Distances*

Type of Type of Separation Distance May BeDonor Acceptor Table Found in Columns Headed

Explosive materials Explosive materials ATD Separation of MagazinesExplosive materials Ammonium nitrate SDT Ammonium NitrateExplosive materials BIasting agent SDT Blasting Agents and

ATD Separation of Mag azinesBlasting agent Explosive materials ATD Separation of Magazines and

SDT Blasting AgentBlasting agent Blasting agent SDT Blasting AgentBlasting agent Ammonium nitrate SDT Ammonium Nitrate

*Both tables are reproduced in Appendix B.

15


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A N S I A30.7 87 W 0724350 0000428 5 W


6.3.4 Type-3 magazines shall be located as far

away as practicable from neighboring inhabited

buildings, railways, highways, and other magazines.

Type3 magazines shall be attended when containing

explosive materials. At the end of the workday, all

explosive materials shall be transferred to a Type-1,

Type-2, Type-4, or Type-5 magazine, as appropriate.

Two Type-3 magazines may be located at the site of

blasting operations when one magazine is used for

detonators.

6.4 Construction of Magazines-General Consid-

erations

6.4.1 Magazines shall be constructed in confor-

mity with the provisions of this section (Section 6) ,or in a manner substantially equivalent to the stan-

dards of security and safety contained in this stan-

dard.

6.4.2 The ground around a magazine shall be

graded in such a manner that water will drain away

from the magazine.6.4.3 Magazines requiring heat shall be heated by

either hot-water radiant heating within the magazine,

or air directed into the magazine over either hot-

water or low-pressure steam coils (not more than

15 psig) located outside the magazine.

6.4.4 Magazine heating systems shall meet the

following requirements:

(1) Hot-water radiant heating coils within the

magazine shall be installed in such a manner that the

explosive materials, or their containers, cannot con-

tact the coils, and there is free air circulation between

the coils and the explosive materials or their contain-

ers.(2) Heating ducts shall be installed in such a man-

ner that the hot-air discharge from the duct is not

directed against the explosive materials or their con-

tainers,

(3) Heating devices used in connection with the

magazine shall have controls that prevent the ambient

temperature in the magazine from exceeding 130°F.

(4) Electric fans or pumps used in a heating sys-

tem for a magazine shall be mounted outside and

separate from the wall of the magazine, and shall be

grounded.

(5) Motors of electric fans or pumps and controls

for electrical heating devices used to heat water or

steam shall have overloads and disconnects that com-

ply with the American National Standard National

Electrical Code, ANSI/NFPA 70-1987. All electrical

switching devices shall be located outside and sepa-

rate from the wall of the magazine and shall be

grounded.

(6) Electric heating coils or an electric heating

source for water or steam shall,be separated from the

magazine by a distance of not less than 25 feet. A

fuel-fired heating source for hot water or steam shall

be separated from the magazine by a distance of not

less than 50 feet. The area between the heating unit

and the magazine shall be clear of all combustible

materials.

ner that will allow air circulation to promote tem-

perature uniformity throughout the magazine.

6.4.5 When lights are necessary inside the maga-

zine, electric safety flashlights or electric safety lan-

terns shall be used. The authority having jurisdiction

may authorize interior lighting of special design for

magazines. If lighting is authorized in a magazine,

the following minimum requirements shall be fol-

lowed:

(1) Junction boxes containing fuses or breakers

and cut-off switches shall be located outside the

magazine and at least 25 feet away,

(2) Switches and fuses or breakers shall be pro-

tected by a voltage-surge arrester capable of handling

2500 amperes for O. 1 second.

(3) All wiring from the switch, both inside and

outside the magazine, shall be in rigid conduit. Out-

side wiring from the switch to the magazine shall be

underground.

(4) Conduit and light fixtures in the magazine

shall be protected against physical damage by guards

(physical barriers) or by location.

(5) Light fixtures shall be suitably enclosed to

prevent sparks or hot metal from falling on the floor,

or on materials stored in the magazine.(6) Junction boxes inside the magazine shall have

no openings and shall be equipped with close-fitting

covers.

(7) Wiring and fixtures shall conform to the Na-

tional Electrical Code, ANSINPA 70-1987.(8) Interior magazine lights shall be turned off

when the magazine is unattended

6.4.6 Type-1, Type-2, Type-3, or Type4 maga-

zines shall be constructed with a lining of nonspark-

ing lattice, paint, mastic, or the equivalent, to prevent

contact of explosive materials with masonry walls or

ferrous metal.

6.4.7 In a Type-5 magazine, ferrous metal may beexposed on the interior of the magazine, provided it

cannot rupture the package of explosive materials.

6.5 Construction of Magazines - Specifics

constructed according to the following minimum

specifications are approved as bullet-resistant, as

defined in Section 3. (All steel and wood dimensions

(7 ) Explosive materials shall be stored in a man-

6.5.1 Bullet-Resistant Construction. Magazines

16


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A N S I A10.7 B7 = 0724350 0000429 7


are actual thicknesses; all concrete block and brick

dimensions are nominal thicknesses.)

6.5.1.1 Exterior of Steel

(1) 5/8-inch steel with an interior lining of any

(2) 1/2-inch steel with an interior lining of not

(3) 3/8-inch steel with an interior lining of:

type of nonsparking material

less than 3/8-inch plywood

(a) 2 inches of hardwood, or(b) 3 inches of softwood,or(c) 2-1/4 inches of plywood

(a) 3 inches of hardwood, or(b) 5 inches of softwood,or(c) 5-1/4 inches of plywood, or(d) 1-1/2 inches of plywood with an intermedi-

ate layer of 2 inches of hardwood, or(e) 5-1/4 inches of particle-board

(a) 4 inches of hardwood,or

(b) 7 inches of softwood,or(c) 6-3/4 inches of plywood, or(d) 3/4 inch of plywood with an intermediate

(e) 6-3/4 inches of particle-board

(a) 5 inches of hardwood,or(b) 9 inches of softwood,or(c) 3/4 inch of plywood with an intermediate

layer of 4 inches of hardwood, or(d) 3/4 inch of plywood with a first intermedi-

ate layer of 3/4-inch plywood and a second interme-

diate layer of 3-5/8 inches of well-tamped dry sand orsandlcement mixture.

material that is structurally sound, with:

securely against an intermediate layer of:

(a) 4 inches of solid concrete block, or(b) 4 inches of solid brick, or(c) 4 inches of solid concrete.

(4) 1/4-inch steel with an interior lining OE:


layer of 3 inches of hardwood, or


6.5.1.2 Exterior of any type oî fire-resistant

(1) An interior lining of 1/2-inch plywood placed

(2) An interior lining of 3/4-inch plywood, a first

intermediate layer of 3/4-inch plywood, a second,

intermediate layer of 3-5/8 inches of well-tamped dry

sand or sand/cement mixture, a third intermediate

layer of 3/4-inch plywood, and a fourth intermediatelayer of 14-gauge steel or 2 inches of hardwood.

(3) An intermediate 6-inch space filled with well-

tamped dry sand or well-tamped sand/cement mixture.

(1) Standard 8-inch concrete block with voids

6.5.1.3 Masonry Construction of:

filled with well-tamped dry sand or well-tamped

sand/cement mixture, or(2) Standard 8-inch solid brick,or

(3 ) Solid concrete 8 inches thick, or(4) Two 4-inch thicknesses of concrete block.

6.5.2 Type-1 Magazines. A Type-1 magazine

shall be a permanent structure, such as a building oran igloo, constructed as follows:

(1) Walls. The walls may be constructed accord-

ing to any of the specifications in 6.5.

(2) Doors. The doors may be constructed accord-ing to any of th e specifications i n 6.5.

(3) Roof. The roof may be constructed of any

type of structurally sound materials that are fire-

resistant on th e exterior, or have been made so.(4) Roof or Ceiling. Where the natural terrain

around the magazine makes it possible to shoot a

bullet through the roof or ceiling at such an angle that

a bullet could strike the explosive materials stored,

then either th e roof or ceiling shall be of bullet-resis-

tant construction.

(5) Foundation. The foundation may be of ma-

sonry, wood, or metal, and shall be completely en-

closed except for openings to provide cross-ventila-tion. A wooden foundation enclosure shall be cov-

ered on th e exterior with fire-resistant material.

(6) Floor. The floor may be constructed of wood

or other suitable materials. Floors constructed of

materials that may cause sparks shall be covered with

a surface of nonsparking material, or else the pack-

ages of explosive materials shall be placed on pallets

or other nonsparking materials strong enough to

support the load.

(7) Ventilation. Ventilation shall be provided to

prevent dampness and heating of stored explosive

materials. Ventilating openings shall be screened to

prevent th e entrance of sparks. Ventilation openings

in side walls and foundations shall be offset orshielded for bullet-resistant purposes. Magazines

having foundation and roof ventilators, with the air

circulating between the side walls and the ceiling,

shall have a wooden lattice or equivalent lining to

prevent th e blocking of air circulation by packages of

explosive materials that might otherwise be stacked

directly against the side walls.

(8) Locks, Each door shall be equipped with (a)

two mortise locks; or (b) two padlocks fastened in

separate hasps and staples;or (c) a combination of

mortise lock and a padlock; or (d) a mortise lock thatrequires two keys to open; or (e) a three-point orequivalent type of lock that secures the door to the

frame at more than one point, Padlocks shall be steel

and shall have at least five tumblers and a case-hard-

ened shackle of at least 3/8 inch diameter.

Except when otherwise indicated in this standard,

all padlocks shall be protected by steel hoods that are

installed in such a manner as to discourage insertion

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of bolt-cutters, saws, files, or levering devices. Doorsthat are secured by at least two substantial internal

bolts or bars do not require additional locking de-

vices. Hinges and hasps and all locking hardware

shall be rigidly secured and fastened by welding or

through-bolts ha t cannot be removed when the door

is locked.

6.5.3 Type-2 Magazines. A Type-2 magazine

shall be a portable or mobile structure, such as a box,

skid-magazine, railer, or semitrailer. Any construc-

tion specified for a Type-1 magazine is acceptable

for a Type-2 magazine.

shall be covered with a surface of nonsparking mate-

rials. Magazines with top openings shall have a lid

that overlaps the sides by at least 1 inch when in a

closed position, for weather-resistance purposes.

.6.5.3.2 The magazine shall be supported in

such dmanner as to prevent direct contact between

its floor and the earth. Magazines less than 1cubic

yard in size shall be securely fastened to a fixed ob-

ject to prevent theft of the entire magazine.

ware shall conform to the provisions for Type-1

magazines, as specified in 6.5.2(8). When unat-

tended, a vehicular magazine shall have its wheels

removed, or be locked with a kingpin-locking device,

or shall otherwise be effectively immobilized.

6.5.3.1 Floors constructed of ferrous metal

6.5.3.3 Hinges, hasps, locks, and locking hard-

6.5.4 Type3 Magazines

6.5.4.1 A Type-3 magazine is a “day box” orother portable magazine. It shall be theft resistant,

fire resistant, and weather resistant. (It does not have

to be bullet resistant.)6.5.4.2 It shall be constructed of not less than

12-gauge steel lined with at least l@-inch plywood

or Masonite. Doors shall overlap sides by at least

1 inch.

6.5.4.3 Hinges and hasps are to be attached by

welding, riveting, or bolting (nuts on the inside). The

magazine shall have one steel padlock having at least

five tumblers and a case-hardened shackle of at least

3/8 inch diameter. (The padlock need not be pro-

tected by a steel hood.)

6.5.4.4 Explosive materials shall not be left

unattended in a Type-3 magazine and shall be moved

to a magazine approved for unattended storage.6.5.5 Type-4 Magazines

6.5.5.1 A Type4 magazine shall be a perma-

nent, portable,or mobile structure such as a building,

igloo, box, or semitraileror other mobile container; it

need not be bullet resistant.

6.5.5.2 The construction of a Type-4 magazine

shall be of masonry,or wood covered with metal, orfabricated metal, or a combination of these materials.

0724150 0000430 3 W

The doors shall be metal or wood covered with metal.

Permanent magazines shall be constructed in accor-

dance with those provisions for Type-1 magazines

pertaining to foundations (6.5.2(5)), floors (6.5.2(6)),

ventilation (6.5.2(7)), and locks, hinges, hasps, and

locking hardware (6.5.2(8)). Vehicular magazines

shall be immobilized when unattended (6.5.3.3).

6.5.6 Type-5 Magazines6.5.6.1 A Type-5 magazine shall be a perma-

nent structure such as a building, igloo, bin, or aportable or mobile facility-structuresuch as a tank,

semitrailer, bulk-trailer, tank-trailer, bulk-truck, ortank-truck,

6.5.6.2 The doors on a permanent Type-5

magazine shall be locked in accordance with the

requirements of 6.5.2(8). Trailers, semitrailers, and

similar vehicular magazines may, for each door, be

locked with one steel padlock (which need not be

protected by a steel hood). The padlock shall have at

least five tumblers and a case-hardened shackle of at

least 3/8 inch diameter.

unattended, shall be immobilized in accordance with

the provisions for a Type-2 magazine (6.5.3.3).

6.5.6.4 A bulk-storage unit, including sup-

ports, shall be constructed of compatible materials

and supported or braced to withstand the combination

of all loads, including impact forees arising from

product movement within the unit, or accidental ve-

hicle contact with the support legs.

be designed to provide a closure tight enough to

prevent leakage of the stored product,6.5.6.6 Manways, access hatches, and dis-

charges of bulk-storage units shall be designed to

permit required locking.

6.5.6.7 Any electrically driven conveyors for

loading or unloading a bulk-storage unit shall con-

form to the requirements of the American National

Standard National Electrical Code, ANSI/NFPA70-1987.

unit shall not be allowed to accumulateon the

ground.

6.5.6.3 A vehicular Type-5 magazine, when

6.5.6.5 The bulk-storage unit’s discharge shall

6.5.6.8 Spilled product from a bulk-storage

6.5.7 Indoor Magazines

6.5.7.1 Indoor magazines constructed of woodshall have sides, bottoms, and lids or doors con-

structed of 2-inch wood and shall be well-braced at

corners. The magazines shall be covered on the exte-

rior with sheet metal of not less than 26 gauge.

6.5.7.2 Indoor magazines constructed of metal

shall have sides, bottom, and lids or doors con-

structed of at least 12-gauge metal.

6.5.7.3 Indoor magazines shall be provided

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with substantial wheels or casters to facilitate re-

moval from a building in an emergency. The lid ordoor for such magazines shall have substantial strap

hinges, and a means for locking with at least a five-

tumbler steel padlock having case-hardened shackles

of at least 3/8 inch diameter.

6.5.7.4 Indoor magazines shall be painted red,

and the lid or doors shall bear white lettering at least

three inches high, spelling out “Explosives-Keep

Fire Away.”

6.6 Operation of Magazines6.6.1 Storage within Magazines

6.6.1.1 A competent person shall be in charge

of a magazine. This shall be a person at least 21 years

of age who is conversant with, and responsible for,

the enforcement of all safety precautions.

6.6.1.2 Detonators shall not be stored in the

same magazine with other explosive materials.

6.6.1.3 All magazines containing explosive

materials shall be inspected at intervals, as frequently

as necessary but at least every 7 days, to determine

whether there has been an unauthorized entry orattempted entry into t h e magazines, or unauthorized

removal of th e magazines or their contents.

when the magazine is unattended.

tion of magazines shall be posted on the interior of

th e magazine.

6.6.1.6 When explosive material is removed

from a magazine for use, the oldest usable stocks

shall be removed first,

be stored together and in such a manner that brand

and grade marks arevisible, All stocks shall so be

stored as to be easily counted and checked.

be stacked in a stable manner, not exceeding 8 feet in

height.

the same magazine with other explosive materials,

shall be stacked separately.

have been opened shall be closed before being placed

in a magazine. Only fiberboard packages may be

opened in the magazine.

6.6.1.11 Packages of damaged explosive mate-

rials shall not be unpacked or repacked in, or within

50 feet of, a magazine, or in close proximity to other

explosive materials.

6.6.1.12 Magazines shall be used exclusively

for the storage of explosive materials and such other

blasting materials as may be permitted by the author-

6.6.1.4 Magazine doors shall be kept locked

6.6.1.5 Current safety rules covering the opera-

6.6.1.7 Corresponding grades and brands shall

6.6.1.8 Packages of explosive materials shall

6.6.1.9 Propellant explosives, when stored in

6.6.1.10 Packages of explosive materials that

ity having jurisdiction. No tools except conveying

equipment shall be stored in a magazine.

6.6.1.13 Magazine floors shall be swept regu-

larly, and kept clean, dry, and free of grit, paper, and

rubbish. Brooms and other cleaning utensils shall not

have any spark-producing metal parts, except for a

Type-5 magazine. Sweepings from floors of maga-

zines shall be disposed of in accordance with the

instructions of th e manufacturer.

riorated to an extent that they are in an unstable ordangerous condition, or any liquid leaks from any

explosive material, th e person in possession of such

explosive material shall immediately contact the

manufacturer. Only experienced persons shall direct

th e work of destroying explosive materials.

shall be dealt with according to instructions obtained

from the manufacturer of the explosive materials

stored in th e magazine.

6.6.1.16 When magazines need interior repairs,

all explosive materials shall first be removed, and the

floors shall be cleaned before and after making the

repairs.

6.6.1.17 In making exterior magazine repairs,

when there is a possibility of causing a fire, all explo-

sive materials shall first be removed from the maga-

zine.

6.6.1.18 Explosive materials removed from a

magazine under repair shall either be placed in an-other magazine, or shall be placed a safe distance

from the magazine where they shall be properly

guarded and protected until repairs have been com-

pleted, Upon completion of repairs, the explosive

materials shall be promptly returned to the magazine.

producing devices, open flames, and firearms orcartridges shall not be permitted inside magazines orwithin 50feet of them.

6.6.1.20 The land within 25 feet of any maga-

zine shall be kept clear of rubbish, brush, dried grass,

leaves, dead trees, and all live trees less than 10feet

high.

stored within 50 feet of magazines.

blasting misfires shall be placed in a magazine until

an experienced person has determined upon a method

of disposal.

magazines, except Type 3, are located shall be posted

with signs reading “Explosives-Keep Off.” These

signs shall be in contrasting colors with letters of

minimum height 3 inches, made with half-inch brush-

6.6.1.14 When explosive materials have dete-

6.6.1.15 Magazine floors stained with liquid

6.6.1.19 Smoking, matches, and other flame-

6.6.1.21 Combustible materials shall not be

6.6.1.22 Explosive materials recovered from

6.6.1,23 The premises upon which all outdoor

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A N S I AL0.7 87 R 0724350 0000432 7 W


strokes. AI1 signs shall be so located that a bullet

passing through the sign will not strike a magazine,

and no sign shall be attached to a magazine.

7. Use of Explosive Materiais

7.1 General Provisions

7.1.1 Persons handling explosive materials shall

be at least 21 years of age and possess a user’s orblaster’s permit, or shall be at least 18 years of age

and be supervised by a holder of either a user’s or

blaster’s permit.

supplies shall be used in accordance with the manu-

facturer’s recommendations.

or used, smoking shall not be permitted in the area.

However, safe smoking areas may be provided at

least 50 feet distant from the hazard area.

7.1.4 No one near explosive materials shall pos-

sess matches,or an open light or other fire or flame,

except to light fuse.

7.1.5 No person shall handle explosive materials

while under the influence of intoxicating liquors ornarcotics that reduce the person’s ability to function

normally.

7.1.6 For taking detonators and other explosives

from storage magazines to the blasting area, original

containers, or Type-2 magazines, shall be used.

7.1.7 When blasting is done in congested areas orin proximity to a structure, railway or highway, orany other installation that may be damaged, the blas-

ter shall lake special precautions in the loading, de-

laying, initiation, and confinement of each blast with

mats or other means, so as to control the throw of

fragments, and thus prevent bodily injury or property

damage.

7.1.8 Persons authorized to prepare explosive

charges or conduct blasting operations shall use ev-

ery reasonable precaution to ensure the safety of the

general public and workers, including, but not limited

to, the use of visual and audible warning signals,

flags, or barricades.

7.1.9 Insofar as possible, blasting operationsabove ground shall be conducted during daylight

hours.

7.1.10 Whenever blasting is being conducted in

the vicinity of gas, electric, water, fire alarm, tele-

phone, telegraph, or steam utilities, the blaster shall

notify the appropriate representatives of such utilities

at least 24 hours in advance of blasting, specifying

the location and intended time of such blasting. Ver-

7.1.2 All explosives, blasting agents, and blasting

7.1.3 While explosive materials are being handled

20

bal notice shall be confirmed with written notice. In

an emergency, this time limit may be waived by the

authority having jurisdiction.

7.1.11 Blasting operations shall be so conducted

that ground vibrations and air-blast, measured at the

nearest structuresor buildings, do not exceed limits

allowed by local, state, and federal regulations.

7.1.12 Preparations for blasting shall be done

with the least number of employees necessary for the

work. Ail unauthorized personnel shall be kept off

the blast site.

7.1.13 Due precautions shall be taken to prevent

accidental discharge of electric detonators from cur-

rent induced by radar, radio transmitters, lightning,

adjacent power lines, dust storms, or other sources of

extraneous electricity. These precautions should

include:

(1 ) Suspension of all blasting operations and

removal of persons from the blasting site to a safe

location during the approach and progress of an elec-

tric storm.

(2) Posting of signs warning against the use of

mobile radio transmitters on all roads within 1000

feet of electric blasting-cap operations. Lettering

shall no t be less than four inches in height, and shall

be on a contrasting background.

(3) Posting of the signs prior to bringing explo-

sive materials to the blast site. The signs should be

removed after the blast.

(4 ) Ensuring that mobile radio transmitters that

are less than 100feet away from electric detonators

shall be de-energized and effectively locked if the

detonators are not in their original containers.

( 5 ) Complying with the safety recommendations

of the Institute of Makers of Explosives (IME) with

regard to blasting in the vicinity of radio transmitters,

as stipulated in IME Publication No. 20 (December

1988).

7.1.14 Empty boxes and paper and fiber packing

materials that have previously contained high explo-

sives shall not be used again for any purpose, but

shall be destroyed by burning at an approved, iso-

lated location out-of-doors. N o person shall be nearer

than 100 feet after the burning has started.

7.1.15 Explosives, blasting agents, and blasting

supplies that are obviously deteriorated or damagedshall not be used. Contact the manufacturer for

proper disposal.

abandoned.

7.1.16 No explosivesor blasting agents shall be

7.2 Blaster - Minimum Quaiifications

7.2.1 It shall be unlawful for any person to fire

explosive materials unless the person or the person’s

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A N S I A L O 0 7 87 m 072L(350 0000433 7 m


Table 3Types of Blaster?s Permit

Class Category Type ofBlasting Permitted

A Unlimited All ypes of blastingB

C

D Dem olition All phases of blasting in demolitionprojectsE Seism ic Prospecting All phases ofblasting in seism ic prospectingF Agriculture

G Special Specia l blasting asdescribed on the permit

General Above-Ground

General Underground

Allphases ofblasting operations in quarries, open-pit mines, above-

All phases of blasting operations in underground mine s, sha fts,

ground construction

h I M d S , and drifts

Ail phases of blasting in agriculture, but limited to no tm ore than50pounds per blast

supervisor is a c&tified blaster. The blaster?s permit

shall conform to the class and use as provided in

7.2.7, and shall be carried on the person of each such

individual during the use of the explosive materials.7.2.2 The applicant for an initial blaster?s permit

to supervise and perform the loading and firing of

explosive materials shall demonstrate adequate train-

ing and experience in the use of explosive materials

in an y class authorized by the permit applied for, and

shall pass a qualifying examination prepared and ad-

ministered by the issuing authority. The examination

may be written, oral, or conducted by any other

means necessary to determine that the applicant is

competent to conduct blasting operations and to per-

form the duties of a blaster.

7.2.3 Applicants for a blaster certification shall:

(1) Be a t least 21 years of age.

(2) Be in physical and mental condition adequate

to perform the work required.

(3 ) Be able to understand the English language

and use it to give written and oral orders.

(4) Not be addicted to alcohol, narcotics, or dan-

gerous drugs.

(5) Be qualified by reason of training, knowledge,

and field experience in transporting, storing, han-

dling, and using explosive materials applicable to the

class permit.

( 6 ) Have a working knowledge of federal, state,

and local laws and regulations pertaining to explosive

materials.

7.2.4 When a holder of a blaster?spermit is con-

victed of a violation of any law or regulation relating

to explosive materials, the certification shall be sus-pended.

7.2.5 Any individual whose blaster?s certification

has been suspended shall be required to pass a quali-

fying examination before the permit is reinstated.

7.2.6 Any individual whose permit has lapsed for

a period of 1 year or more shall be required to pass a

qualifying examination before renewal.

7.2.7 Classes of Blaster?s Permits. The classesof blaster?s permits are as shown Table 3.

7.3 Blaster?s Permit Restrictions7.3.1 No permit shall be assigned or transferred.

7.3.2 Permits shaI1 be classified, dated, numbered,

and be valid for no more than 2 years from the date

of issue.

7.3.3 A blaster?s permit shall bear the blaster?s

name, address, and photograph.

7.4 Denial, Revocation, or Suspension of Permits

7.4.1 A permit for the use of explosive materials,

or to blast, may be denied, revoked, or suspended for

any of the following reasons:

( i) Noncompliance with any order of the issuing

authority.

(2) Proof that the permit applicant or holder is

under indictment for, or has been convicted of, a

felony or a misdemeanor

(3) The applicant is a fugitive from justice

(4) The applicant is an unlawful user of, or ad-

dicted to, alcohol, narcotics, or dangerous drugs

(5) The applicant has been adjudicated a mental

defective

( 6 ) Proof that the permit applicant or holder advo-

cates, or knowingly belongs to any organization orgroup that advocates violent overthrow of, or violent

action against, any federal, state, or local government

(7) Proof that the permit applicantor holder suf-

fers from a mental or physical defect that would

interfere with the applicant?s safe handling of explo-

sive materials

(8) Violation, by th e applicant or holder of a per-

mit, of any provision of any law or regulation relat-

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ing to explosive materials, or proof that false infor-

mation was willfully given, or a misrepresentation

was willfully made, to obtain the permit.

7.4.2 In any case where the issuing authority

denies, revokes, or suspends a permit, the authority

shall promptly notify the applicant or permit holder.

Said notice will set forth the specific basis for the

denial, revocation, or suspension, and will state that

upon written request a hearing will be held before the

issuing,authoritywithin 10 days after the date of the

request.

7.4.3 Within 15 days after such a hearing, the

issuing authority shall state its findings and conclu-

sions in writing, and shall transmit a copy to the

applioant or former permit-holder.

7.4.4 Upon notice of the revocation or suspension

of any permit, the former permit holder shall immedi-

ately surrender the permit, and all copies thereof, to

the issuing authority.

7.5 Loading of Explosive Materials7.5.1 Procedures that permit safe and efficient

loading shall be established before loading is started.

7.5.2 All drill-holes shall be sufficiently large

to admit freely the cartridge of explosives to be in-

serted.

7.5.3 Tamping shall be done only with wood rods

that do not have exposed metal parts, but nonspark-

ing metal connectors may be used for joint poles. An

approved plastic tamping pole may also be used.

7.5.4 Drilling shall not be started until all remain-

ing butts of old holes are examined for unexploded

charges, and if any are found they shall be refired

before work proceeds.

holes that have contained explosives or blasting

agents.

7.5.6 Holes shall not be drilled in such a way that

they disturb or intersect a loaded hole.

7.5.7 No explosive materials shall be left unat-

tended at the blast site.

7.5.8 Only machines and tools used for preparing

the blast, loading explosive materials, and drilling may

be present at the blast site during delivery of explosive

materials.

7.5.9 During the time that holes are being loaded

with explosives, blasting agents, or detonators, he

blast site shall be barred to all except those authorized

persons who are engaged in the drilling and loading

operations,or who are otherwise authorized to enter

the site. The blast site shall be guarded,or barricaded

and posted, or flagged against unauthorized entry.

equipment being used shall be kept a safe distance

7.5.5 No person shall be allowed to deepen drill-

7.5.10 Power lines and portable electric cables for

22

from explosives or blasting agents being loaded into

drill-holes. Cables in the proximity of the blast site

shall be deenergized and locked out by the blaster.

determine depth and condition.

underground in the presence of combustible gases, orcombustible dusts, unless the conditions of use have

been described and accepted as being safe, in writing,

by a competent person qualified by a thorough

knowledge of the factors to be evaluated, or, where

an authority exercises jurisdiction, by written permis-

sion of the authority having jurisdiction.

7.5.13 No explosives shall be used underground

other than those in Fume Class 1, as set forth by IM E

Publication 12 (January 1985). However, explosives

complying with the requirements of Fume Class 2and Fume Class 3 may be used if the competent per-

son or authority having jurisdiction determines that

adequate additional ventilation has been provided.

7.5.14 All blast-holes in open work shall be

stemmed to the collar, or to a point that will confine

the charge.

7.5.15 Standard-type warning signs indicating a

blast area shall be maintained at all approaches to the

blast area. The lettering of the warning signs shall not

be less than four inches in height, and shall be on a

contrasting background.

7.5.16 A borehole shall never be sprung when itis near or adjacent to a hole that is loaded. This is of

special importance in wet ground, because the spring-

ing charge may cause a detonation wave to propagate

through the wet ground, and detonate the loadedholes.

7.5.17 The blaster shall keep an accurate, up-to-

date record of explosives, blasting agents, and blast-

ing supplies used in a blast, and should make a writ-

ten report for each blast. The blaster shall keep an

accurate running inventory of all explosives and

blasting agents stored on the operation.

7.6 Initiation of Explosive Charges

to highways open to traffic, only electric detonators,

delay electric detonators, nonelectric delay-detona-

tors, or detonating cord, or a combination thereof

shall be used for blasting operations. Electric detona-

tors shall not be used where sources of extraneous

electricity make the use of electric detonators dan-

gerous.

after all blast holes are connected and prior to con-

necting to a source of initiation such as a blasting

machine, the blast area shall be guarded, or barri-

7.5.11 Holes shall be checked prior to loading to

7.5.12 No explosive shall be loaded or used

7.6.1 Precautions. In congested areas or adjacent

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caded and posted, or flagged against unauthorized

entry until the shot has been fired and is subjected to

post-blast examination.

7.6.3 Electric Blasting7.6.3.1 Before adopting any system of electri-

cal firing, the blaster shall conduct a thorough survey

for extraneous currents. All dangerous currents shall

be eliminated before any holes are loaded.7.6.3.2 In any blast using electric detonators,

all caps shall be from th e same manufacturer.

7.6.3.3 Electric blasting shall be carried out

by using blasting circuits or power circuits in accor-

dance with the recommendations of the manufac-

turer of the electric detonator, or as approved by the


tors, care shall be exercised to ensure that adequate

current is supplied, in accordancewith the manufac-

turer‘s recommendations.

7.6.3.5 Connecting wires and lead wires shall

be insulated, single solid wires of sufficient current-

carrying capacity.

sufficient current-carrying capacity,

tion on all firing lines shall be adequate and in good

condition.

7.6.3.8 A power circuit used for firing electric

detonators shall not be grounded.

7.6.3.9 When firing from a power circuit in

underground operations, a safety switch shall be sodevised that it can be locked only in the “off” posi-

tion, and shall be provided with a short-circuiting ar-

rangement of the firing lines to the detonator circuit.

7.6.3.10 In underground operations, there shall

be a “lightning gap” of at least 15 feet in the firing

systcm ahcad of the main firing switch; that is, be-

tween this switch and the source of power, This gap

shall be bridged by a flexible jumper cord just before

firing the blast.

7.6.3.11 When firing from a power circuit, the

firing switch shall be locked in the open or “off”

position at all times, except when firing. It shall be sodesigned that the firing lines to the detonator circuit

are automatically short-circuited when the switch is

in the “off’ position, Keys to this switch shall be

entrusted only to the blaster.

7.6.3.12 Blasting machines shall be in good

condition and shall be tested periodically to make

certain that they can deliver power at rated capacity.

7.6.3.13 When firing with blasting machines,

the connections shall be made as recommended by

the manufacturer of the electric detonators used.

7.6.3.4 When firing a circuit of electric detona-

7.6.3.6 Bus wires shall be single solid wires of

7.6.3.7 When firing electrically, th e insula-

7.6.3.14 The number of electric detonators

connected to a blasting machine shall not be in ex-cess of its rated capacity. Furthermore, in primary

blasting, a series circuit shall contain no more caps

than the limits recommended by th e manufacturer of

the electric detonators in use.

blasting machines, and no other person shall connectthe leading wires to the machine. All circuits shall be

checked with a test instrument meeting th e require-

ments of 7.6.3.16 prior to connecting to the blasting

machine.

7.6.3.16 Blasters, when testing electric detona-

tors or blasting circuits, shall use only instruments

that are specifically designed for this purpose and are

marked “blasting galvanometer,” “blasting ohmme-

ter,” “blaster’s ohmmeter,” or“blaster’s multimeter.”

7.6.3.17 Whenever th e possibility exists that a

leading line or blasting wire might be thrown over a

live power line by the force of an explosion, care

shall be taken to see that the total lengths of wires arekept too short to hit the lines, or that the wires aresecurely anchored to the ground. If neither of these

requirements can be satisfied, a nonelectric system

shall be used.

7.6.3.18 In electrical firing, only the person

making leading-wire connections shall fire the shot.

All connections should be made from the shot back

to the source of firing current, and t h e leading wires

shall remain shunted and not be connected to the

blasting machine, or other source of current, until the

charge is to be fired.

7.6.3.15 The blaster shall be in charge of all

7.6.4 Use of Safety Fuse7.6.4.1 The average burning rate of the safety

fuse being used shall be determined by test burns and

posted on bulletin boards, or in other conspicuous

places where it can be seen by all employees.

hammered or injured in any way.

other projections that will cause a sharp bend to be

formed in th e fuse is prohibited.

length shall be cut from the end of th e supply reel to

assure having a fresh-cut end in each blasting cap.

7.6.4.5 Only a cap crimperof approved design

shall be used for attaching blasting caps to safety

fuse, Crimpers shall be kept in good repair and acces-

sible for use,

7.6.4.6 No unused cap, or fuse, or short capped

fuse shall be placed in any hole to be blasted. Any

unused detonator shall be removed from the working

place and destroyed.

7.6.4.2 It is forbidden to use fuse that has been

7.6.4.3 The hanging of fuse on nails or on

7.6.4.4 Before capping safety fuse, a short

23


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ANSI AIO-7 87 W 0724350 O000436 4


7.6.4.7 No fuse shall be capped, or primers

made up, in any magazine or near any possible

source of ignition.

7.6.4.8 No one shall be permitted to carry

detonatorsor primers of any kind on hisher person.

7.6.4.9 The minimum length of safety fuse to

be used in blasting shall be as required by state law

or as established by the authority having jurisdiction.In no case shall it be permitted to use any 40-second-

per-foot safety fuse less than 36 inches long, or any

30-second-per-foot safety fuse less than 48 inches

long.

when any cap and fuse blasting is done by hand-

lighting methods.

lighted by each blaster when hand-lighting devices

are used. However, when two or more safety fuses in

a group are lighted as one, by means of igniter cord

or other similar fuse-lighting devices, they may be

considered as one fuse.7.6.4.12 The so-called “drop-fuse” method of

dropping or pushing a primer, or any explosive with

a lighted fuse attached, is forbidden.

mudcap blasting unless charges are separated suffi-

ciently to prevent the firing of one charge from dis-

lodging other charges in the blast.

sideration shall be given to the length and burning

rate of the fuse. Sufficient time, with a margin of

safety, shall always be provided for the blaster to

reach a place of safety.

Tubing7.6.5.1 Care shall be taken to select a detonat-

ing cord consistent with the type of physical condi-

tion of the borehole and stemming, and with the type

of explosives used.

7.6.5.2 Detonating cord shall be handled and

used with the same respect and care given other ex-

plosives.

7.6.5.3 The line of detonating cord extending

out of a borehole or from a charge shall be cut from

the supply spool before loading the remainder of the

boreholeor placing additional charges.

used with care to avoid damaging or severing the

cord during, and after, loading and hooking-up.

7.6.5.5 Detonating-cord connections shall be

made in accordance with approved recommended

methods. Knotted or other cord-to-cord connections

shall be made only with detonating cord in which the

explosive core is dry.

7.6.4.10 At least two persons shall be present

7.6.4.11 Not more than 12 fuses shall be

7.6.4.13 Cap and fuse shall not be used for

7.6.4.14 When blasting with safety fuses, con-

7.6.5 Use of Detonating Cord, Shock or Gas-

7.6.5.4 Detonating cord shall be handled and

7.6.5.6 All detonating-cord trunklines and

branchlines shall be free of loops, sharp kinks, orangles that direct the cord back toward the oncoming

line of detonation.

be inspected before firing the blast.

delay connectors or short-interval-delay electricblasting caps are used with detonating cord, the prac-

tice shall conform strictly to the manufacturer’s rec-

ommendations,

7.6.5.9 When connecting a detonator to deto-

nating cord, the detonators shall be taped or other-

wise attached securely along the side or the end of

the detonating cord, with the end of the detonator

containing the explosive charge pointed in the direc-

tion in which the detonation is to proceed.

shall not be brought to the loading area, nor attached

to the detonating cord, until everything else is in

readiness for the blast.7.6.5.11 Where double-trunkline, closed-loop,

or crosstied hookups are judged to be necessary by

the blaster-in-charge,such hookups shall be made in

accordance with the manufacturer’s recommenda-

tions.

7.6.5.7 All detonating-cord connections shall

7.6.5.8 When detonating-cord-millisecond-

7.6.5.10 Detonators for firing the trunkline

8. Firing the Blast

8.1 A code of blasting signals shall be posted at one

or more conspicuous places on the operation, and all

employees shall be required to familiarize themselves

with the code and conform to it. Danger signs shall

be placed at suitable locations.

8.2 Before a blast is fired, a loud warning signal

shall be given by the blaster in charge, after the blas-

ter has made certain that all surplus explosives are in

a safe place, and that all persons, vehicles, and equip-

ment are at a safe distance or under sufficient cover.

8.3 Flagmen (flaggers) shall be safely stationed on

highways that pass through the danger zone, to stop

traffic during blasting operations.

8.4 It shall be the duty of the blaster to fix the time

of blasting.

8.5 Before firing an underground blast, warning

shall be given and all possible entries into the blast-

ing area and any entrances to any working place shall

be carefully guarded where a drift, raise, or other

opening is about to hole through. The blaster shall

make sure that all persons are out of the blast area

before firing a blast.

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ANSI AIO-7 89 0 7 2 Y I 5 0 0000437 b

9. Proced ure after Blasting

9.1 Returning to Blast Area. No person shall re-

turn to the blast area until permitted to do so by th e

blaster.

9.2 Inspection of Blast Area. Sufficient time

should be allowed for the smoke and fumes to leavethe blasted area before returning to the shot. Before

employeesare allowed to return to the operation, an

inspection of the area shall be made by the blaster to

determine if all charges have been exploded.

9.3 Misfires

9.3.1 If a misfire is found, the blaster shall pro-

vide proper safeguards for excluding all personnel

from the danger zone.

9.3.2 No other work shall be done except that


necessary to remove the hazard of the misfire, and

only those persons necessary to do the work shall

remain in the danger zone.

9.3.3 The blaster shall determine the safest

method for handling the hazards of the misfires.

Some misfires may require consultation with the

supplier or manufacturer of the explosive material.

fuse, all persons shall remain away from the charge

for at least 30 minutes, For all other electric and

nonelectric systems, this waiting period may be re-

duced to 15minutes.

9.3.5 No drilling, digging, or picking shall be

permitted until all missed holes have been detonated,

or until a qualified, competent person, or th e author-

ity having jurisdiction, has approved that work may

proceed.

9.3.4 If there are any misfires while using cap and

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A N S I A I , O . ~ J m 07241,50 0 0 0 0 4 3 ~ m

Append ¡xes (These Appendixes are not part of American National Standard A10.7-1989, but are included forinformation only.)

Appendix A

Excavat ion W ork in Com pressed Air

A l . General

The recommendations contained in this Appendix

augment all provisions and definitions of this stan-

dard that are applicableto excavation work in com-

pressed air.

A2. Special Definitions

air lock. A compartment designed to permit passage

between free air and a compressed-air working cham-

ber, in either direction.

caisson. A structure that is sunk from the surface to

some desired depth. When the bottom of the structure

extends below the elevation of free water, and exca-

vation is performed by workers in a working chamber

at an air pressure greater than atmospheric pressure,

the caisson is then said to be a compressed-air cais-

son.

mixed face. A tunnel excavation consisting of bothrock and soft ground, or without adequate rock cover

above the crown to support the overburden.

powderman (powder handler). The person author-

ized and qualified to handle explosives.

rock face. A tunnel excavation consisting of sound

rock from invert to a level above the crown adequate

to support the overburden.

shaft. A passage, made from the surface of the

ground to a point underground, the longer axis of

which makes an angle greater than 20 degrees with

the horizontal.

soft ground face. A tunnel excavation consisting of

soft ground or disintegrated rock from invert to

crown.

tunnel. An excavation, beneath the surface of the

ground, the longer axis of which makes an angle not

greater than 20 degrees with the horizontal.

26

A3. S tor ing Detonators and Explos ives

Detonators and explosives should not be stored orkept in tunnels, shafts, or caissons except as may be

permitted by the authority having jurisdiction. Deto-

nators and explosives for each round should be taken

directly from the magazines to th e blasting zone and

immediately loaded. Detonators and explosives left

over after loading a round should be removed from

the working chamber before the connecting wires are

connected up.

A4. Transport ing Detonators and Explos ives

A4.1 When detonators or explosives are brought into

an air lock, no persons except the powderman (pow-

der handler), blaster, lock tender, and any persons

necessary for carrying, should be permitted to enter

the air lock. No other material, supplies, or equpment

should be locked through with the explosives car.

A4.2 Detonators and explosives should be taken

separately into caisson working chambers.A4.3 The powderman (powder handler) should be

responsible for the receipt, unloading, storage, and

on-site transportation of explosives and detonators.

A5. Electrical Ground ing

All metal pipes, rails, air locks, and steel tunnel-

lining should be electrically bonded together and

grounded at or near th e portal or shaft, and such

pipes and rails should be cross-bonded together at not

less than 1000-foot intervals throughout the length of

the tunnel. In addition, each low air supply pipe

should be grounded at its delivery end.

A6. Responsibil it ies of Blaster

The blaster should be responsible for removal ofelectric circuits, safe illumination of the blasting


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A N S I A 1 0 . 7 87 m 0724l~50 000437 T m

zone, loading shot holes, connecting up blasting

circuits, vacating th e blasting zone, safe disposition

of personnel during blasting, detonating the round,

and returning to the blasting zone to view the results.

A7. Detonators

Only instantaneous and dclay electric detonators

should be used, unless otherwise authorized by the


AS. Explosives

The explosives should be water-resistant and suitable

for use in wet holes, They should b e Fume Class 1.

A9. Approaching and Tunneling throughMixed Face

When tunnel-excavation in rock face is approaching

mixed face, and when tunnel-excavation is in mixed

face, blasting should be performed with light charges

and with light burden on each hole. Advance drilling

should be performed as tunnel-excavation n rock

face approaches mixed face to determine (1) the

general nature and extent of rock cover and (2) th e

remaining distance ahead to soft ground as excava-

tion advances.

A l o . Qualifications of Blasters

The blaster should be knowledgeable about, an d

competent in, the use of each type of explosive mate-

rial and blasting circuit that is being employed.

Refer to7.2

for more information concerningth eblaster's qualifications.

27


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A N S I A 3 0 * 7 87 I 7 2 4 3 5 0 0 0 0 0 4 4 0 b W

Appendix B

Safe Distance Tables for Locating Facilities for the Manufacture and Storage ofExplosive Materials

This Appe ndix consists of two tables and explanatory matter reproduced, by permission of the publisher, from Th eAmerican Table of Distances (1986Edition), Publication No. 2 of the Institute of Makers of Explosives.

PREFACE

28

T h e original s tudy to deve lop safe distances for the locat ion ofexplosive storage m agazines was begun in 1909 , a time when amajority of explosive materials were tr ansp orted by rail an d explosivematerials storage facilit ies were located near the railroad lines. Thepotent ial hazard to passenger carrying t rains and resident ial areas

nea r the rai l road, should an explosion occur in the magazine, neces-sitated radical changes in magazine location.A special comm it tee of the A ssociat ion of Man ufacturers of Pow-

de r and High Explosives was appointed to s tudy the problem an ddevelop recommendat ions . Af ter rev iewing es tab l i shed fo re ignrequirements, the committee determined that these regulations couldnot be utilized for conditions existing in the United States. Thecomm it tee then dec ided to develop an A merican Table of Distancesbased on empi r ica l da ta ga thered f rom exp los ions tha t had occurredin the field.

Informat ion was gathered on a number of explosions rangingfrom very smal l amounts of explosive materials to some approxi-mat in g one mil l ion pounds. T h e explosions s tudied covered a periodof almost fifty years and occurred in manufacturing, t ransportat ionand s torage, both in the United States and abroad.

Based on th e work of the special commit tee of the Association of

Manu facturers of Powd er and H igh Explosives the American Tableof Distances for inhabited buildings and public railways was estab-l ished in December 1910.

W h en it becam e app are nt that the dis tance table should also con-tain minimum safe dis tances for the location of ex losive storage

mittee, in conjunction with the Institute of Makers of Explosives(fou nde d in 1913), cond ucted addi t ional s tudies . T h e highway dis-tances were appr ove d an d ado pted by the Inst i tute of Makers ofExplosives in 1914.

After the adopt ion of the American Table of Distances, the col-lect ion of data o n explosions was cont inued. T h e table was reviewedin 1919 and again in 1939 to evaluate it and consider the dataaccumulated since the table was established. N o significant revisionswere made after ei ther review.

An othe r detai led s tudy of the table was ma de in 1950 to dist inguishbetween military explosives (bombs, projectiles, cased ammunition,etc.) and commercial explosive materials which have virtually nomissile hazard . T h e study also noted that th e table was specificallydes igned to cover ma nufac tu re and perm anen t s to rage o f exp los ivematerials an d is not appl icable for the incidental handl ing or tem-porary s tora ge of explosive m aterials being t ransported.

and m anu fac turin g bui ldings from publ ic highways, t le special com-


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&-.eauu 0Lia

f.2Q

29


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A N S I ALO.7 87 0724350 0000442 T M

AMERICAN TAB LE OF DISTANCES FOR STORAGE OF EXPLOSIVE MA TERIAL S*As Revised and A pproved b y The Inst i tute of Makers of Explos ives- ebruary 1986

II DISTANCES IN FEET

II 11 Publ ic HlphwII Inhabltid Bui ld ings Is) Clau A to D f lIIOANTITY OF EXPLûSIVE

Numbers in ( ) refer to explanatory notes.

*This table is “ATD,”referenced in6.3.1.

30

F%saPubil3

i n m c uthan 3,wO I

nani .

51

648 19 31O3

11 012 713 915 015 9

17 518920122 123 8

25326627 828 93 00

33635136637 8

40843 247451 354 6

57 360 062464 568 7

72 375 678 681 387 6

93 398 1

1,0261,0681,104

1,1401,1731,2061,2361,263

1,3171,3441,3681,392

1,4371,4791,5211,5571,593

116291,6621,6951,7251,755

1,7821,8361,8901,9502,000

c1 8d I7 81

318

1,193


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APPENDIX

EXPLANATORY NOTES ESSENTIAL TO THE APPLICATION

OF THE AMERICAN TABLE OF DISTANCES FOR

STORAGE OF EXPLOSIVE MATERIALS

NOTE I-"Explosive materials" means explosives, blasting agents and detonators.

NOTE 2-"Explosives" means any chemical compound, mixture, or device, the primaryor common purpose of which is to function by explosion.A list of explosives determinedto be within the coverage of "18 U.S.C. Chapter 40, Importation. Manufacturer, Distri-bution and Storage of Explosive Materials" is issued at least annually by the Director ofthe Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms of the Department of the Treasury. Forquantity and distance purposes, detonating cord of50grains per foot should be calcu-lated as equivalent to 8 Ibs. of high explosives per1,ûûû feet. Heavier or lighter coreloads should be rated proportionately.

NOTE3-"Blasting agents" meansany material or mixture, consisting of fuel and oxidizer,intended for blasting, not otherwise defined as an explosive: Provided, That the finishedproduct, as mixed for useor shipment, cannot be detonated by means of a No. 8 testblasting cap when unconfined.

NOTE 4-"Detonator" means any device containing any initiating or primary explosivethat is used for initialing detonation. A detonator may not contain more than 10 gramsof total explosives by weight, excluding ignition or delay charges. The term includes,but is not limited to, electric blasting caps of instantaneous and delay types, blastingcaps for usewith safety fuses, detonating cord delay connectors, and nonelectric instan-taneous and delay blasting caps which use detonating cord, shock tube, or any other

replacement for electric legwires.All types of detonators in strengths through No.8 capshould be rated at 1% Ibs.of explosives per 1,000 caps. For strengths higher than No.8cap, consult the manufacturer.

NOTE 5-"Magazine" means any building, structure. or container, other than an explo-sives manufacturing building, approved for the storage of explosive materials.

NOTE W'Natural Barricade" means natural featuresof the ground, such as hills, ortimber of sufficient densify that the surrounding explosures which require protectioncannof be seen from the magazine when the trees are bare of leaves.

NOTE 7-"Artificial Barricade" means an artificial moundor revetted wall of earth of aminimum thickness of three feet.

NOTE 8-"Barricaded" means the effective screeningof a building containing explosivematerials from the magazine or other building, railway, or highway by a natural or anartificial barrier. A straight line from the top of any sidewall of the building Containingexplosive materials to the eave line of any magazine or other building or toa point twelvefeet above the center of a railway or highway shall pass through such barrier.

NOTE %-"Inhabited Building" means a building regularly occupied in whole or part asa habitation for human beings, or any church, schoolhouse, railroad station. store, orother structure where people are accustomed to assemble, except any building or struc-ture occupied In connection with the manufacture, transportation, storage or use ofexplosive materials.

NOTE Iû-Y3ailway" means any steam, electric, orother railroador railwaywhich carrierspassengers for hire.

NOTE Il-"Highway" means any public street, public alley, or public road. "PublicHighways ClassA to D" are hlghways with average trafficvolumeof 3,000or lessvehiclesper day as specified in "American Civil Engineering Practice" (Abbett,Vol. 1, Table 46,Sec. 3-74, 1956Edition, J ohn Wiley and Sons).

NOTE 12-When two or more storage magazines are located on the same property, eachmagazine must comply with the minimum distances specified from inhabited buildings,railways, and highways. and, in addition, they should be separated from each other bynotess than the distances shown for "Separation of Magazines," except that the quantityof explosive materials contained in detonator magazines shall govern in regard to the

spacing of said detonator magazines from magazines containing other explosive mate-rials. If any two or more magazines are separated from each other by less than thespecified "Separation of Magazines" distances, then such two or more magazines, as agroup, must be considered as one magazine, and the total quantity of explosive materialsstored in such group must be treated as if stored in a single magazine located on thesite of any magazine of the group, and must comply with the minimum of distancesspecified from other magazines, inhabited buildings, railways, and highways.

NOTE 13-Storage in excessof 300,000 bs. of explosive materials, inone magazine isgenerally not required for commercial enterprises.

NOTE 14-This Table applies only to the manufacture and permanent storage of com-mercial explosive materials. It is not applicable to transportation of explosives or anyhandling or temporary storage necessary or incident thereto. It is not intended toapplyto bombs, projectiles. or other heavily encased explosives.

31


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ANSI AIO- 7 87 N 0724350 O000444 3 N

APPENDIX

Recommended

Separation Distances of Ammonium Nitrate and

Blasting Agents from Explosives or Blasting Agents

NFPA 495- 1985

Chapter 1 Derivation of the Table1-1 A test program sponsored by industry with cooperation of

the Manufacturing Chemists ' Association and the Institute ofMak ers of Explosives an d conducte d by th e Bureau of Minesdeveloped data on the relative sensitivity of ammonium nitrate(AN) and ammonium ni t rate-fuel oi l (ANFO) to sympathet icdetonation. The se da ta were applied to the existing Am ericanTab le of Distances for Stora ge of Explosives to dev elop the fol-lowing table of recommended separat ion dis tances for ammoniumnitrate a nd blasting agents from stores of high explosives or blast-ing agents.

1-2 T he American T able of Distances for barricaded s torage ofexplosives has been proven ad equa te through the years, an d n o datawere developed in the tes t programs that would suggest that this

table should be modified for explosives. O n the other h and , a fac-tor of 2 has been suggested in the past for increasing the distanceslisted in the American Table of Distances when the magazines areunbarricade d. T h e results , employing two charge s izes of AN a ndone charge s ize of AN FO , gave rat ios of unbarricaded to barricadeddistances of 4.2 to 7 .4, for an average of about 6 which was takenas the appro priate factor. Thus , unbarricaded s tores of AN orANFO not in bullet-resistant magazines should have 6 t imes theseparat ion dis tances as barricad ed s tores.

The relat ive sensi t ivi ty of AN and ANFO to dynamite wasobtained by examining the relat ive K factors for 50 percent pro pa-gation distances when the cube root of the weight was employedin the usual equat ion :

This equat ion al lowed comparison of 1 ,600-pound dynamite ac-ceptors with 5,400-pound AN and ANFO acceptors; resul ts fromthese large charges are believed to be the most reliable available,The rat io of K factors for dynamite and AN was 6.27 which wasrounded to 6 ; the ra t io fo r dynami te and A NF O was 1 .6 . Thesefactors were applied to the American Table of Distances by thusreducing the dis tance for barricaded ammonium ni t rate to 1/6 thecorresporicling distance for explosives in the American Table of

Distances and for ANFO to 6/10.

One point should be emphasized; the dis tances in thetable are for separat ion of s tores only. No change should be m adein the American Table of Distances with respect to inhabitedbuildings, passenger railways, and public highways, as the blasteffect from ANFO is not importantly less than for high explosives,but the blast effect from AN is about one-half that from high

explosives. T h e blast effect is li t t le modified by th e presence ofbarricades, but the American Table of Distances for separation ofstores from inhabited buildings, passenger railways, and publichighways for unbarricaded stores provides an additional safetyfactor and should be retained.

1-3

S = K W'/3

1-4

T h e niaterial in this appendix is re rinted by permission of the National FireProtection Association from NFPA 8y5-1985.

32


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Appendix C

Survey of Job Site

Construction and dem olition workers are subject to

certain hazards that c annot be eliminated by m echani-

cal means and must be controlled by care, comm on

sense, and intelligence. The A10 Com mittee realizes

the importance of safety and strongly recommends

tha t, prior to comm encing any operation, the em ployer

make a survey of the cond itions of the site to deter-

mine the hazards and the kind and numb er of safe-

guards that the employer will install. The survey should

include, but not be limited to, th e following:

(i) Safe access and movem ent

(a) Work areas

(b) Walkways, runwa ys, and passageways(c) Ladders, stairways, and elevators

(d) Protection for floor and roof openings

(e) Illumination

(a) Roads:

(2) Vehicles

(i) Turn space

(U) Parking area

(iii) Mud areas

(b) Materials storage areas and dum p areas

(c) Signs and signals to route vehicles on

(d) Maintenance and repair of vehicles

(a) Location of temporary buildings

(b) Location and identification of high-voltage

the job

(3 ) Utiiities an d service

lines (identify by signs; mo ve, de-energize , or erec t bar-

rier to prevent con tact)

drinking water

(c) Loca tion of sanitary facilities and

(4) Scheduling work for safety

(a) Providing har d hats , life belts, goggles, wor k

(b) Establishing liaison am ong con trac tors to

(c) Providing tempora ry flooring, safety nets,

vests, and the like, on th e job

prevent congestion among trades

and scaffolding where required

(5) Work procedures

(a) Space

(b) Equipme nt such as cranes, hoists, elevators,

(c) Rigging proc edur es

(6) Tools and equipment(a) Repair, maintenance , and care

(b) Inspection

(c) Supplies of tools for each job

(a) Jo b assignment

(b) Training and supervision

(c) Number o f workers

(d) Plans for maintaining interest in safety:

and trucks

(7) Workers and supervisors .

(i) Safety bulletins, record charts,

(U) Recognition for groups or individuals

(iii) Iiivestigation and reporting on report-

(iv) Knowledge of safety orders

(v) Safety meetings

(vi) Specific safety instructions for new

(e) Establishment of provisions to take imm e-

(0 First-aid and medical treatm ent of injuries

and posters

able accidents

employees

diate action to co rrect unsafe co nditions or acts

astm a 10.7

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