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ASTM CANDLE ASTM CANDLE SAFETY STANDARDSSAFETY STANDARDS

PRESENTED BYPRESENTED BYJAMES J. BECKERJAMES J. BECKER

F 15.45 CANDLE PRODUCTS F 15.45 CANDLE PRODUCTS SUBCOMMITTEESUBCOMMITTEE

FORMED IN 1997FORMED IN 1997

DEVELOPED FIVE ASTM CANDLE SAFETY STANDARDS USING DEVELOPED FIVE ASTM CANDLE SAFETY STANDARDS USING CONSENSUS PROCESSCONSENSUS PROCESS

JUST PUBLISHED VISIBLE EMISSIONS STANDARDJUST PUBLISHED VISIBLE EMISSIONS STANDARD

WORKING TO FINALIZE THE PROVISIONAL CANDLE FIRE SAFETY WORKING TO FINALIZE THE PROVISIONAL CANDLE FIRE SAFETY STANDARDSTANDARD

WORKING ON A REVISION TO THE TERMINOLOGY STANDARDWORKING ON A REVISION TO THE TERMINOLOGY STANDARD

WORKING ON NEW CANDLE ACCESSORIES STANDARDWORKING ON NEW CANDLE ACCESSORIES STANDARD

TERMINOLOGYTERMINOLOGYF 1972 STANDARD GUIDE FOR TERMINOLOGY RELATING TO F 1972 STANDARD GUIDE FOR TERMINOLOGY RELATING TO CANDLES AND ASSOCIATED ACCESSORY ITEMSCANDLES AND ASSOCIATED ACCESSORY ITEMS

PUBLISHED IN 1999PUBLISHED IN 1999

FIRST ASTM CANDLE STANDARDFIRST ASTM CANDLE STANDARD

DEFINES CANDLE TERMS USED IN ASTM CANDLE STANDARDSDEFINES CANDLE TERMS USED IN ASTM CANDLE STANDARDS

EXAMPLES: CANDLE, WICK, WAX CANDLE, ETC.EXAMPLES: CANDLE, WICK, WAX CANDLE, ETC.

CURRENTLY BEING REVIEWED AND UPDATED WITH EXPECTED CURRENTLY BEING REVIEWED AND UPDATED WITH EXPECTED REVISION BALLOTED LATER THIS YEARREVISION BALLOTED LATER THIS YEAR

CAUTIONARY LABELINGCAUTIONARY LABELINGF 2058F 2058--00 STANDARD SPECIFICATION FOR 00 STANDARD SPECIFICATION FOR CAUTIONARY LABELING FOR CANDLES BURNED CAUTIONARY LABELING FOR CANDLES BURNED IN A HOMEIN A HOME

IDENTIFIES WARNING LABEL REQUIREMENTS IDENTIFIES WARNING LABEL REQUIREMENTS ON UNITS OF SALEON UNITS OF SALE

UNIT OF SALE UNIT OF SALE –– THE CANDLE OR CANDLE AND ITS THE CANDLE OR CANDLE AND ITS CONTAINER OR PACKAGE AS PURCHASED BY THE CONTAINER OR PACKAGE AS PURCHASED BY THE CONSUMERCONSUMER


CAUTIONARY LABELINGCAUTIONARY LABELING

REQUIREMENTSREQUIREMENTSLABEL SHALL BE:LABEL SHALL BE:

ON THE UNIT OF SALE AT THE TIME IT IS SOLDON THE UNIT OF SALE AT THE TIME IT IS SOLDNOT BE COVERED, OBSTRUCTED OR REMOVED PLACED ON THE TOP, BOTTOM OR SIDESPLACED ON THE TOP, BOTTOM OR SIDESVISIBLE TO THE USERVISIBLE TO THE USERPRINTED IN CONTRASTING COLORSPRINTED IN CONTRASTING COLORSMINIMUM DIMENSIONS MINIMUM DIMENSIONS -- 10X23 mm (.4x.9 in.)10X23 mm (.4x.9 in.)VISUALLY DIFFERENT FROM OTHER VISUALLY DIFFERENT FROM OTHER INFORMATIONINFORMATION

NOT BE COVERED, OBSTRUCTED OR REMOVED


REQUIREMENTS continuedREQUIREMENTS continuedWARNINGWARNING

UPPERCASE BOLDFACE LETTERSUPPERCASE BOLDFACE LETTERSMINIMUM 1 mm(.4 in.) HEIGHTMINIMUM 1 mm(.4 in.) HEIGHTPRECEDED BY SAFETY ALERT SYMBOLPRECEDED BY SAFETY ALERT SYMBOL

!


MINIMUM LANGUAGE REQUIREMENTMINIMUM LANGUAGE REQUIREMENT

WARNING WARNING –– TO PREVENT FIRE, TO PREVENT FIRE, BURN BURN CANDLE WITHIN SIGHT, OUT OF REACH CANDLE WITHIN SIGHT, OUT OF REACH OF CHILDREN AND PETS, NEVER ON OR OF CHILDREN AND PETS, NEVER ON OR NEAR ANYTHING THAT CAN CATCH FIRENEAR ANYTHING THAT CAN CATCH FIRE

ADDITIONAL SAFETY LANGUAGE IS ENCOURAGEDADDITIONAL SAFETY LANGUAGE IS ENCOURAGED

GLASS CANDLE CONTAINERSGLASS CANDLE CONTAINERS

F 2179F 2179--02 SPECIFICATIONS FOR ANNEALED 02 SPECIFICATIONS FOR ANNEALED SODASODA--LIME SILICATE GLASS CONTAINERS LIME SILICATE GLASS CONTAINERS THAT ARE PRODUCED FOR USE AS CANDLE THAT ARE PRODUCED FOR USE AS CANDLE CONTAINERSCONTAINERS


ADDRESSES ANNEALING AND THERMAL SHOCK ADDRESSES ANNEALING AND THERMAL SHOCK SPECIFICATIONS THAT ARE REQUIRED FOR SPECIFICATIONS THAT ARE REQUIRED FOR SODASODA--LIME SILICATE CANDLE CONTAINERSLIME SILICATE CANDLE CONTAINERS

GLASS CANDLE CONTAINERSGLASS CANDLE CONTAINERS

REQUIREMENTSREQUIREMENTSANNEALING (ASTM C 148)ANNEALING (ASTM C 148)

TRANSPARENT GLASSTRANSPARENT GLASSPOLARISCOPE POLARISCOPE ––REAL TEMPER <4 or;REAL TEMPER <4 or;SCRATCH TEST SCRATCH TEST –– NO FRACTURESNO FRACTURES

NONNON--TRANSPARENT GLASSTRANSPARENT GLASSSCRATCH TEST SCRATCH TEST –– NO FRACTURESNO FRACTURES

THERMAL SHOCK (ASTM C 149)THERMAL SHOCK (ASTM C 149)DELTA T OF 90 DEGREES F DELTA T OF 90 DEGREES F –– NO CRACKS OR NO CRACKS OR BREAKBREAK

CANDLE FIRE SAFETYCANDLE FIRE SAFETY

PSPS--59 PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION FOR FIRE 59 PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION FOR FIRE SAFETY FOR CANDLESSAFETY FOR CANDLES

PROVISIONAL STANDARD PUBLISHED IN 2002PROVISIONAL STANDARD PUBLISHED IN 2002

CURRENTLY WORKING ON FINALIZING THIS CURRENTLY WORKING ON FINALIZING THIS STANDARD BY THE END OF 2004STANDARD BY THE END OF 2004

ADDRESSES PRIMARY POTENTIAL CAUSES OF ADDRESSES PRIMARY POTENTIAL CAUSES OF CANDLE FIRESCANDLE FIRES


REQUIREMENTSREQUIREMENTSFLAME HEIGHTFLAME HEIGHT

MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE –– 76.2 mm (3.0 in.)76.2 mm (3.0 in.)All candles except outdoor and certain religious candlesAll candles except outdoor and certain religious candles

MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE –– 95.3 mm (3.75 in.)95.3 mm (3.75 in.)Certain religious candlesCertain religious candles

Note Note –– Filled containers are counted as failures Filled containers are counted as failures if the container fails, regardless of the flame if the container fails, regardless of the flame heightheight


REQUIREMENTS, continuedREQUIREMENTS, continuedSECONDARY IGNITIONSECONDARY IGNITION

Secondary ignition is defined as Secondary ignition is defined as ““a selfa self--sustained sustained flame other than that on the intended wick(s) that flame other than that on the intended wick(s) that occurs during candle use, including flashoveroccurs during candle use, including flashover””

NO SECONDARY IGNITION SHALL OCCURNO SECONDARY IGNITION SHALL OCCURApplies to all candles and ensembles except certain Applies to all candles and ensembles except certain religious candlesreligious candles


REQUIREMENTS, continuedREQUIREMENTS, continuedEND OF USEFUL LIFEEND OF USEFUL LIFE

End of useful life is defined as End of useful life is defined as ““when the candle when the candle ceases to support combustion and the candle ceases to support combustion and the candle flame(s) goes (go) out on its own, as intended, flame(s) goes (go) out on its own, as intended, and cannot be reand cannot be re--litlit””

Meets the definition above and does not break or Meets the definition above and does not break or crack the container, exhibit excessive flame height crack the container, exhibit excessive flame height or exhibit secondary ignitionor exhibit secondary ignition

Applies to filled (including tealights) candles, votive Applies to filled (including tealights) candles, votive candles and tealight ensemblescandles and tealight ensembles


REQUIREMENTS, continuedREQUIREMENTS, continuedEND OF USEFUL LIFE, continuedEND OF USEFUL LIFE, continued

Meets the definition above and the flame does not Meets the definition above and the flame does not impinge on the supporting surfaceimpinge on the supporting surface

Applies to all freestanding candlesApplies to all freestanding candles

Note Note -- Excluded from this requirement are candles Excluded from this requirement are candles requiring a holder to keep them upright, birthday requiring a holder to keep them upright, birthday candles and candles intended to float on water candles and candles intended to float on water when they are burnedwhen they are burned


REQUIREMENTS, continuedREQUIREMENTS, continuedSTABILITYSTABILITY

CANDLE SHALL NOT TIP OVER WHEN PLACED ON CANDLE SHALL NOT TIP OVER WHEN PLACED ON A 10 DEGREE INCLINEA 10 DEGREE INCLINE

Applies to freestanding, filled (including tealights) and Applies to freestanding, filled (including tealights) and ensemblesensemblesExcludes votives and candles requiring a holder to keep Excludes votives and candles requiring a holder to keep them upright unless they are included in an ensemble them upright unless they are included in an ensemble and certain religious candlesand certain religious candlesAsymmetrical candles must be tested with rotation Asymmetrical candles must be tested with rotation around the vertical axis in all orientationsaround the vertical axis in all orientations

CANDLE FIRE SAFETY TEST CANDLE FIRE SAFETY TEST METHODSMETHODS

CANDLE BURNING PERFORMANCECANDLE BURNING PERFORMANCE

WICKS ARE TRIMMED ACCORDING TO MANUFACTURERS WICKS ARE TRIMMED ACCORDING TO MANUFACTURERS INSTRUCTIONSINSTRUCTIONSFOUR (4) HOUR TEST INTERVALSFOUR (4) HOUR TEST INTERVALS

TEALIGHTS ARE BURNED TO COMPLETIONTEALIGHTS ARE BURNED TO COMPLETION

HOURLY OBSERVATIONSHOURLY OBSERVATIONSDOCUMENTATIONDOCUMENTATION

Note on more stringent testingNote on more stringent testing–– ““The Commission considers a test utilizing The Commission considers a test utilizing alternate apparatus and procedures to be alternate apparatus and procedures to be ““as stringent as, or more as stringent as, or more stringent thanstringent than”” a test utilizing the apparatus and procedures specified in the a test utilizing the apparatus and procedures specified in the standard if, when testing identical specimens, a test utilizing standard if, when testing identical specimens, a test utilizing alternate alternate apparatus or procedures yields failing results as often as, or mapparatus or procedures yields failing results as often as, or more often ore often than , a test utilizing the apparatus and procedures specified ithan , a test utilizing the apparatus and procedures specified in the n the standardstandard

CANDLE FIRE SAFETY TEST CANDLE FIRE SAFETY TEST METHODSMETHODS

STABILITYSTABILITY

REMOVE ANY OUTER WRAPPINGREMOVE ANY OUTER WRAPPING

REMOVE ANY LABEL MATERIAL (ACCORDING TO REMOVE ANY LABEL MATERIAL (ACCORDING TO MANUFACTURERMANUFACTURER’’S INSTRUCTIONS)S INSTRUCTIONS)

PLACE THE CANDLE ON A MINIMUM 10 DEGREE PLACE THE CANDLE ON A MINIMUM 10 DEGREE INCLINE APPARATUSINCLINE APPARATUS

ROTATE ASYMMETRICAL CANDLE AROUND VERTICAL AXIS ROTATE ASYMMETRICAL CANDLE AROUND VERTICAL AXIS TO TEST IN ALL ORIENTATIONSTO TEST IN ALL ORIENTATIONSIF THE INCLINE HAS A STOP, IT CANNOT EXCEED 6.4 mm IF THE INCLINE HAS A STOP, IT CANNOT EXCEED 6.4 mm (.25 in.) (.25 in.)

VISIBLE EMISSIONSVISIBLE EMISSIONSF 2326 STANDARD TEST METHOD FOR COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS OF F 2326 STANDARD TEST METHOD FOR COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS OF VISIBLE EMISSIONS FROM CANDLES AS THEY BURNVISIBLE EMISSIONS FROM CANDLES AS THEY BURN


ADDRESSES COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS OF VISIBLE EMISSIONS FROM ADDRESSES COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS OF VISIBLE EMISSIONS FROM BURNING CANDLESBURNING CANDLES

FOR INDOOR USE CANDLESFOR INDOOR USE CANDLESMAY NOT BE APPLICABLE TO MULTIPLE WICK AND FLOATING CANDLESMAY NOT BE APPLICABLE TO MULTIPLE WICK AND FLOATING CANDLES

USES A GLASS SLIDE AND DENSITOMETERUSES A GLASS SLIDE AND DENSITOMETER

AIDS IN THE OPTIMIZATION OF CANDLE FORMULATIONS TO REDUCE AIDS IN THE OPTIMIZATION OF CANDLE FORMULATIONS TO REDUCE VISIBLE EMISSIONSVISIBLE EMISSIONS

SETS NO STANDARD FOR VISIBLE EMISSIONS FROM CANDLESSETS NO STANDARD FOR VISIBLE EMISSIONS FROM CANDLES

VISIBLE EMISSIONSVISIBLE EMISSIONSTEST METHODTEST METHOD

REMOVE ALL OUTER WRAPPING AND LABELS FROM REMOVE ALL OUTER WRAPPING AND LABELS FROM THE CANDLETHE CANDLETRIM THE WICK (ACCORDING TO MANUFACTURERTRIM THE WICK (ACCORDING TO MANUFACTURER’’S S INSTRUCTIONS)INSTRUCTIONS)LIGHT CANDLE FOR 15 MINUTES (OR LONGER) LIGHT CANDLE FOR 15 MINUTES (OR LONGER) UNTIL FUEL POOL NORMALIZESUNTIL FUEL POOL NORMALIZESPLACE MICROSCOPE SLIDE ABOVE CANDLEPLACE MICROSCOPE SLIDE ABOVE CANDLE

CENTERED OVER THE WICKCENTERED OVER THE WICK102 mm (4 in.) above the solid top surface of the wax pool102 mm (4 in.) above the solid top surface of the wax pool

No closer than 51 mm (2 in.) to the No closer than 51 mm (2 in.) to the ““top of the candletop of the candle””““top of the candletop of the candle”” is defined as the upper most part of the is defined as the upper most part of the candle or containercandle or container

VISIBLE EMISSIONSVISIBLE EMISSIONS

TEST METHOD, continuedTEST METHOD, continuedALLOW CANDLE TO BURN FOUR (4) HRS.ALLOW CANDLE TO BURN FOUR (4) HRS.REPEAT THIS PROCEDURE FOR FOUR (4) REPEAT THIS PROCEDURE FOR FOUR (4) BURN INTERVALSBURN INTERVALSPREPARE GLASS SLIDE FOR MEASUREMENT PREPARE GLASS SLIDE FOR MEASUREMENT BY POSITIONING A COVER SLIP OVER THE BY POSITIONING A COVER SLIP OVER THE DARKEST AREA OF THE SLIDEDARKEST AREA OF THE SLIDEMEASURE THE VISIBLE EMISSIONS MEASURE THE VISIBLE EMISSIONS COLLECTED ON THE SLIDE ON THE COLLECTED ON THE SLIDE ON THE DENSITOMETERDENSITOMETER

ASTM INFORMATIONASTM INFORMATION

WWW.ASTM.ORGWWW.ASTM.ORGMEMBERSHIP / $75 PER YEARMEMBERSHIP / $75 PER YEAR

INCLUDES ONE FREE BOOK OF STANDARDSINCLUDES ONE FREE BOOK OF STANDARDS

STANDARDS / $25 PER COPYSTANDARDS / $25 PER COPYCOPYRIGHT PROTECTEDCOPYRIGHT PROTECTED

F 15 CONSUMER PRODUCTS COMMITTEEF 15 CONSUMER PRODUCTS COMMITTEEF 15.45 CANDLE PRODUCTS SUBCOMMITTEEF 15.45 CANDLE PRODUCTS SUBCOMMITTEE

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