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ASTM Consensus Standards
The Latest in Packaging Testing
Presented by:Dhuanne DodrillPresidentRollprint Packaging Products, Inc.
ASTM OverviewASTM Overview
Established in 1898Established in 1898Voluntary, FullVoluntary, Full--Consensus StandardsConsensus Standards141 Technical Committees141 Technical Committees12,000 Standards12,000 StandardsEach standard is reviewed and balloted Each standard is reviewed and balloted every five yearsevery five years
ASTM OverviewASTM Overview
ASTM Standards consist of:ASTM Standards consist of:Test MethodsTest MethodsSpecificationsSpecificationsPracticesPracticesGuidesGuidesTerminologyTerminology
ASTM Overview
Test Methods must have a precision and bias statement – Subjected to properly conducted Inter-Laboratory Studies (ILS) that statistically determine repeatability and reproducibility and demonstrate that the test method can be validated
Formal Process that requires:AccuracyPrecision
Repeatability (within lab precision)Reproducibility (between lab precision)
Robustness or RuggednessRange and/or Limit of Detection
ASTM Committee F02ASTM Committee F02
F02: Flexible Barrier PackagingFocused on flexible barrier packaging including component barrier materials, their properties, and package design, development and productionFlexible is defined as any package with at least one flexible component that can be bent or folded back upon itselfIncludes papers, nonwovens, plastic films, and metal foils, used alone, treated or in various combinations
ASTM Committee F02
6 subcommitteesF02.10 PermeationF02.15 Chemical/Safety PropertiesF02.2 Physical PropertiesF02.40 Package IntegrityF02.50 Package Design and DevelopmentF02.90 Executive
F88 Seal Strength
Tensile type seal strength testUses constant rate-of-jaw separation testing equipmentProcedure
1 inch wide test specimens are cutSealed area of the specimen is placed approximately equidistance between the gripsPulled apart with a grip separation rate of 8 to 12 inches/minuteReport:
Peak value and/or average valueMode of failure
F88 Seal Strength Testing
Modes of Seal Failure
F88 Seal Strength Testing
Interferences
F88 Seal Strength Testing
Inter-Laboratory StudyInvolved 6 laboratories14 models of test equipment from 8 manufactures
Studied the effect of techniqueCrosshead speedSample orientation Tail orientation or “bending component” effects
F88 Seal Strength Testing
Crosshead speed no effect on resultsEvaluated in the range of 8 to 12 inches/minute
F88 Seal Strength Testing
Sample orientation with respect to the moving crosshead has no effect on results
F88 Seal Strength Testing
Tail orientation is importantImpacts Seal Strength
90° lowest value180° highest value
Impacts VariationUnsupported least180° most
Accelerated Aging and Climatic Stressing
F1980 Accelerated Aging GuideAssumes the Arrhenius reaction rate function applies to the chemical reactions involved in the deterioration of materialsHold package at elevated temperature and set humidityUsed for establishing expiry dates
Accelerated Aging and Climatic Stressing
Proposed Standard on Climatic StressingGeared towards products that are shipped next day or 2-day airCurrent standards result in excessive or severe climatic stressing and cause failures that would not occur in an overnight/2-day distribution environment
ASTM D4332 ISO 2233ISTA Simulation Tests (3A)
Accelerated Aging and Climatic Stressing
Proposed Standard on Climatic StressingBased upon:
Information on shipping, handling, and storage environmentsCurrent industry practicesPublished studies
ProtocolCold (-20°C at ambient humidity) for 4 hoursHot/Dry (50°C and 25%RH) for 4 hoursWarm/Humid (30°C and 90% RH) for 4 hoursReturn test specimens to ambient for 24 hours between subjecting to subsequent climatic exposure
Integrity TestingIntegrity Testing
Dye Penetration Dye Penetration –– Proposed Standard for Proposed Standard for Detecting Leaks in Nonporous PackagingDetecting Leaks in Nonporous Packaging
Dye penetrant solution based on surface tension: Dye penetrant solution based on surface tension: 25 dynes/cm or less25 dynes/cm or lessMethod A: evaluates seal integrityMethod A: evaluates seal integrity
Integrity TestingIntegrity Testing
Dye Penetration Dye Penetration –– Proposed Standard for Proposed Standard for Detecting Leaks in Nonporous PackagingDetecting Leaks in Nonporous Packaging
Dye penetrant solution based on surface tension: Dye penetrant solution based on surface tension: 25 dynes/cm or less25 dynes/cm or lessMethod A: evaluates seal integrityMethod A: evaluates seal integrityMethod B: evaluates sheet integrityMethod B: evaluates sheet integrity
Integrity TestingIntegrity Testing
F2227: COF2227: CO22 Tracer GasTracer GasF2338: Vacuum DecayF2338: Vacuum DecayF2391: Helium Tracer GasF2391: Helium Tracer GasProposed: Pressure DecayProposed: Pressure DecayProposed: Airborne UltrasoundProposed: Airborne UltrasoundProposed: OProposed: O22 Analysis Using Headspace Analysis Using Headspace SamplingSampling
F2097 Design GuideF2097 Design Guide
Compendium of commonly used test methods and standardsOrganized into eight categories
SafetyBarrierDurabilityPackage Integrity and Seal StrengthVisibility and AppearanceProcessingPrinted InkDistribution
F2097 Design GuideF2097 Design Guide
Quick Reference GuideSummary of each referenced method
DescriptionApplicabilityHow Used
Compliance TestingCharacterization & Evaluation
ASTM Consensus StandardsASTM Consensus Standards
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PRESENTED BY
Dhuanne DodrillPresidentRollprint Packaging Products, [email protected]
www.astm.org