aszimmetria mint a határ menti kapcsolatok jellemzője ...a little fluently mother tongue s do you...
TRANSCRIPT
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Aszimmetria mint a határ menti kapcsolatok jellemzője:
esettanulmány a magyar–szlovák határtérségben
HARDI, Tamás PhD
associate professor
senior research fellow
Hungarian Academy of Sciences
Centre for Economic and Regional Studies
Institute for Regional Studies
West Hungarian Research Department
A MAGYAR REGIONÁLIS TUDOMÁNYI TÁRSASÁG XV. VÁNDORGYŰLÉSE
Dualitások a regionális tudományban
Mosonmagyaróvár, 2017. október 19–20.
Széchenyi István Egyetem Mezőgazdaság- és Élelmiszertudományi Kar
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Researches on which this presentation is based
• Research for the Socio-economic Analysis of the
Slovakian–Hungarian Border Region 2007-2008 HUSKUA/05/02/117 Hungary-Slovakia-Ukraine Neighbourhood Program
• AGGLONET Hungarian-Slovak suburbia surrounding
Bratislava 2009-2010 Hungary - Slovakia Cross-border Co-operation Programme 2007-2013
HUSK/0801/1.5.1/0007
• Examination of the political-geographical spatial-structures
in the neighbouring countries 2013-2015 Hungarian Scientific Research Fund ID: K 104801
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Asymmetries in the formation of
the transnational borderland in the
Slovak-Hungarian border region
Boesen E, Schnuer G (eds.)
European Borderlands:
Living with Barriers and Bridges.
212 p.
London; New York: Routledge,
2017.
(Border Regions Series)
(ISBN:978-1-4724-7721-7)
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Martinez (1994).
Main question of this presentation: integrated borderlands across the SK-HU
border, but...
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Outline of the presentation
1. Introduction of the border region
2. The basic question of the presentation –
asymmetries of the movements, contacts between
the two side of the border
3. The background of these asymmetries
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1. Historical and geographical features of the border region
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Population: 5 397 036 inhab.
Territory: 49 036 km²
Population: 10 012 000 inhab.
Territory: 93 036 km²
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SK-HU border line: 679 km
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Slovaks in Hungary
by settlements 2011 (%)
50 to 98,7 (1)40 to 50 (4)30 to 40 (8)20 to 30 (19)10 to 20 (23)1 to 10 (73)0 to 1 (3017)
Hungarians in Slovakia
by settlements 2011 (%)
50 to 97,2 (363)40 to 50 (42)30 to 40 (42)20 to 30 (36)10 to 20 (36)1 to 10 (209)0 to 1 (2200)
Data sources: Slovak and Hungarian censuses 2011
0
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No Somewords
A little Fluently Mothertongue
Nu
mb
er o
f an
swer
s Do you speak Hungarian?
N=1000
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
No Somewords
A little Fluently Mothertongue
Nu
ber
of
answ
ers
Do you speak Slovak?
N=1000
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1938/39-45 border line
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GDP/capita in NUTS3 regions
in EURO 2001
10 000 to 11 700 (1)5 000 to 10 000 (6)4 400 to 5 000 (7)4 100 to 4 400 (4)3 800 to 4 100 (3)3 500 to 3 800 (5)2 500 to 3 500 (2)
Data sources: EUROSTAT
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GDP change 2001-2011 (%)
230
115
23
GDP/capita 2011
in EUR
20 000 to 31 500 (2)11 400 to 20 000 (3)
9 900 to 11 400 (4)8 400 to 9 900 (4)7 300 to 8 400 (4)7 000 to 7 300 (2)6 300 to 7 000 (5)4 400 to 6 300 (4)
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Share of Roma population
by settlements 2011 (%)
50 to 98,7 (17)40 to 50 (11)30 to 40 (14)20 to 30 (37)10 to 20 (104)1 to 10 (479)0 to 1 (2266)
Data sources: Slovak and Hungarian censuses 2011
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2. Asymmetries of cross-border mobility and contacts
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Data sources: Questionnaire survey of inhabitants
(2008) Sample: 2x1000 persons
living in the border region
and
AGGLONET questionnaire survey of new settlers in
Bratislava’s suburbia
Sample: 2X300 persons
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Have you ever been in Slovakia/Hungary?
Yes!
96,1% of Slovak citizens have been in Hungary
79,7% of Hungarian citizens have been in Slovakia
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How often do you travel to the other side of
the border?
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Motivation of the travels
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Destinations of travels
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Bratislava IBratislava IBratislava IBratislava IBratislava IBratislava IBratislava IBratislava IBratislava I
TachtyTachtyTachtyTachtyTachtyTachtyTachtyTachtyTachty
Rimavska SobotaRimavska SobotaRimavska SobotaRimavska SobotaRimavska SobotaRimavska SobotaRimavska SobotaRimavska SobotaRimavska Sobota
TornalaTornalaTornalaTornalaTornalaTornalaTornalaTornalaTornala
FilakovoFilakovoFilakovoFilakovoFilakovoFilakovoFilakovoFilakovoFilakovo
OzdOzdOzdOzdOzdOzdOzdOzdOzd
LucenecLucenecLucenecLucenecLucenecLucenecLucenecLucenecLucenec
SalgotarjanSalgotarjanSalgotarjanSalgotarjanSalgotarjanSalgotarjanSalgotarjanSalgotarjanSalgotarjan
KomaromKomaromKomaromKomaromKomaromKomaromKomaromKomaromKomarom
KomarnoKomarnoKomarnoKomarnoKomarnoKomarnoKomarnoKomarnoKomarno
Dunajska StredaDunajska StredaDunajska StredaDunajska StredaDunajska StredaDunajska StredaDunajska StredaDunajska StredaDunajska Streda
Velky MederVelky MederVelky MederVelky MederVelky MederVelky MederVelky MederVelky MederVelky Meder
MedvedovMedvedovMedvedovMedvedovMedvedovMedvedovMedvedovMedvedovMedvedov
SturovoSturovoSturovoSturovoSturovoSturovoSturovoSturovoSturovo
EsztergomEsztergomEsztergomEsztergomEsztergomEsztergomEsztergomEsztergomEsztergom
SatoraljaujhelySatoraljaujhelySatoraljaujhelySatoraljaujhelySatoraljaujhelySatoraljaujhelySatoraljaujhelySatoraljaujhelySatoraljaujhely
Slovenske Nove MestoSlovenske Nove MestoSlovenske Nove MestoSlovenske Nove MestoSlovenske Nove MestoSlovenske Nove MestoSlovenske Nove MestoSlovenske Nove MestoSlovenske Nove Mesto
Velke KapusanyVelke KapusanyVelke KapusanyVelke KapusanyVelke KapusanyVelke KapusanyVelke KapusanyVelke KapusanyVelke Kapusany
NyiregyhazaNyiregyhazaNyiregyhazaNyiregyhazaNyiregyhazaNyiregyhazaNyiregyhazaNyiregyhazaNyiregyhazaEgerEgerEgerEgerEgerEgerEgerEgerEger
MiskolcMiskolcMiskolcMiskolcMiskolcMiskolcMiskolcMiskolcMiskolc
Moldava nad BodvouMoldava nad BodvouMoldava nad BodvouMoldava nad BodvouMoldava nad BodvouMoldava nad BodvouMoldava nad BodvouMoldava nad BodvouMoldava nad Bodvou
RoznavaRoznavaRoznavaRoznavaRoznavaRoznavaRoznavaRoznavaRoznava
DobsinaDobsinaDobsinaDobsinaDobsinaDobsinaDobsinaDobsinaDobsina Kosice IKosice IKosice IKosice IKosice IKosice IKosice IKosice IKosice I
GyorGyorGyorGyorGyorGyorGyorGyorGyor
DebrecenDebrecenDebrecenDebrecenDebrecenDebrecenDebrecenDebrecenDebrecen
HajduszoboszloHajduszoboszloHajduszoboszloHajduszoboszloHajduszoboszloHajduszoboszloHajduszoboszloHajduszoboszloHajduszoboszlo
BudapestBudapestBudapestBudapestBudapestBudapestBudapestBudapestBudapest
Vysoke TatryVysoke TatryVysoke TatryVysoke TatryVysoke TatryVysoke TatryVysoke TatryVysoke TatryVysoke Tatry
PopradPopradPopradPopradPopradPopradPopradPopradPopradLiptovsky MikulasLiptovsky MikulasLiptovsky MikulasLiptovsky MikulasLiptovsky MikulasLiptovsky MikulasLiptovsky MikulasLiptovsky MikulasLiptovsky Mikulas
BalatonfuredBalatonfuredBalatonfuredBalatonfuredBalatonfuredBalatonfuredBalatonfuredBalatonfuredBalatonfured
Number of Answers
590
295
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Personal contacts across the border
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Probable frequency of the relationships
and the types of relationships
Source: Questionnaire survey of inhabitants (2008),
Figure: Zoltán Csizmadia.
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The differentiation of network properties according to the ethnicity
of the respondents – Slovakian side
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Source: Questionnaire survey of inhabitants (2008),
Figure: Zoltán Csizmadia.
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Share of respondents who have personal relationship on the opposite side of the
border (%)
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The Complexity of the Personal Cross-Border Relationships
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Source: Questionnaire survey of inhabitants (2008),
Figure: Zoltán Csizmadia.
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The research field on Hungarian side
• Rajka
• Dunakiliti
• Mosonmagyaróvár
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• Around 50% of the
inhabitants of Rajka
• 20% in Dunakiliti
• Mosonmagyaróvár -
town
• Bezenye, Feketeerdő,
Dunasziget
• Recreation
suburbanization
(second homes, sport
activies, restaurants)
• Suburbanization of
industry, work places
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Ethnicity of the new settlers
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Slovak
Hungarian
82%
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3. Background of asymmetries
• Economic development and economic asymmetries
• Spatial structures: classical urban-rural relations
across the border
• Mental border
– Different groups:
• Hungarian citizens
• Slovak citizens
• Slovak citizens living in an ethnicaly mixted region along the
border
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BRATISLAVA
BUDAPEST
Sátoraljaújhely
Sárospatak
Pásztó
Komárom
Edelény
Dorog
Bátonyterenye
Balassagyarmat
Veľký Krtíš
Šurany
Štúrovo
Šamorín
RožňavaRevúca
Kolárovo
Fiľakovo
Detva
Banská Štiavnica
Ózd
Vác
Tata
Salgótarján
Mosonmagyaróvár
Kazincbarcika
Esztergom
Zvolen
Trebišov
Šaľa
Rimavská Sobota
Nové Zámky
Michalovce
Lučenec
Levice
Komárno
Dunajská Streda
Brezno
Eger
Tatabánya
Trnava
Nitra
Banská Bystrica
Miskolc
Székesfehérvár
Győr
Košice
DunajecDunajecDunajecDunajecDunajecDunajecDunajecDunajecDunajec
HornadHornadHornad
HornadHornad
HornadHornadHornad
Hornad
Hro
nH
ron
Hro
nH
ron
Hro
nH
ron
Hro
nH
ron
Hro
n
Maly DunajMaly DunajMaly DunajMaly DunajMaly DunajMaly DunajMaly DunajMaly DunajMaly Dunaj
Mora
va
Mora
va
Mora
va
Mora
va
Mora
va
Mora
va
Mora
va
Mora
va
Mora
va
Ond
ava
Ond
ava
Ond
ava
Ond
ava
Ond
ava
Ond
ava
Ond
ava
Ond
ava
Ond
ava
Tis
aT
isa
Tis
aT
isa
Tis
aT
isa
Tis
aT
isa
Tis
a
VahVahVahVahVahVahVahVahVah
Beret
tyó
Beret
tyó
Beret
tyó
Beret
tyó
Beret
tyó
Beret
tyó
Beret
tyó
Beret
tyó
Beret
tyó
Bodrog
Bodrog
Bodrog
Bodrog
Bodrog
Bodrog
Bodrog
Bodrog
Bodrog
Duna
Duna
Duna
Duna
Duna
Duna
Duna
Duna
Duna
Genese
GeneseGenese
GeneseGenese
Genese
GeneseGenese
Genese
Hern
ád
Hern
ád
Hern
ád
Hern
ád
Hern
ád
Hern
ád
Hern
ád
Hern
ád
Hern
ád
Keto
ti-fö
csa
t
Keto
ti-fö
csa
t
Keto
ti-fö
csa
t
Keto
ti-fö
csa
t
Keto
ti-fö
csa
t
Keto
ti-fö
csa
t
Keto
ti-fö
csa
t
Keto
ti-fö
csa
t
Keto
ti-fö
csa
t
Marc
al
Marc
al
Marc
al
Marc
al
Marc
al
Marc
al
Marc
al
Marc
al
Marc
al
Mosoni-DunaMosoni-DunaMosoni-DunaMosoni-DunaMosoni-DunaMosoni-DunaMosoni-DunaMosoni-DunaMosoni-Duna
Raba
Raba
Raba
Raba
Raba
Raba
Raba
Raba
Raba
Repce
Repce
Repce
Repce
Repce
Repce
Repce
Repce
Repce
SajóSajóSajóSajóSajóSajóSajóSajóSajó
TiszaTiszaTiszaTiszaTiszaTiszaTiszaTiszaTisza
Cities and Towns
NUTS 3 Borders
Borders
Above 100 thousand inhabitants
50 to 100 thousand inhabitants
20 to 50 thousand inhabitants
10 to 20 thousand inhabitants
Capital Cities
Highw ays
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Mental maps about Slovakia
28
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Thank you for your attention!
http://agglonet.foruminst.sk
HARDI, Tamás PhD
associate professor
senior research fellow
Hungarian Academy of Sciences
Centre for Economic and Regional Studies
Institute for Regional Studies
West Hungarian Research Department
Research for this publication has been supported by National Research,
Development and Innovation Office – NKFIH grant #NN 114468
(Change and Continuity in Hungarian Spatial Imaginaries: Nationality, Territoriality,
Development and the Politics of Borders).