at-plant and non-fumigant strategies for nematode control ... · • symptoms can include poor...

At-plant and Non-fumigant Strategies for Nematode Control in Processing Vegetable Crops

Amanda Gevens

Dept. of Plant Pathology, Univ. of Wisconsin-Madison

March 1, 2017 – 1:30-2:00PM

Central Wisconsin Processing Vegetable Crops

UW-Hancock Agricultural Research Station

Hancock, WI

Photo Courtesy: Barker, Wixted, Zunke, APSnet

• roundworms in the Phylum Nematoda, Kingdom Animalia

• inhabit soil, freshwater and marine environments

• most numerous group of animals on our planet (most species are

beneficial, but some are plant pathogens)

• of plant pathogenic species, many damage plants by using their stylet to

feed on root or shoot system tissues

• a significant number of these species cause infectious diseases of

vegetable crops, vector plant viruses or make plants more susceptible to

diseases caused by fungi or other microbes

Nematodes as Plant Pathogens

Photo courtesy: North Carolina State Univ. CALS

• symptoms can include poor stand, small plants, off-color foliage, small

tubers/roots, reduced yield, early plant death, poor tuber/root quality,

estimate of population density

• nematodes do not move long distances on their own (~6 in./year in

horizontal migration; few species can move a few ft vertically in soil

within growing season in response to adverse environmental conditions

• can be transported on machinery, plant stock, seeds, animals; anything

that moves soil moves nematodes (water and wind)

• proper diagnosis of nematodes is essential for best management

practice (cultural and chemical – newer active ingredients can be

very species-specific in efficacy)

Nematodes as Plant Pathogens

Key Nematodes of WI Vegetables Potato (at least 18 parasitic species) Root lesion (Pratylenchus penetrans) with Verticillium causes Early Dying affects many other plant species Stubby root (Paratrichodorus & Trichodorus species) vectors TRV causes Corky Ringspot Potato rot (Ditylenchus destructor) Carrot & Celery Root knot (Meloidogyne hapla) Pin (Paratylenchus hamatus & P. projectus) Cyst (Heterodera species) green peas & beans also hosts Onion Needle (Longidorus elongatus) celery & mint are also hosts Stem (Ditylenchus dipsaci) – “bloat nematode” garlic, beet, carrot, celery, tomato, potato also hosts

Photo courtesy: Michigan State Univ. Extension (Warner, Bird)

• avoidance/exclusion (crop rotation, plant nematode-free stock, maintain

quality soil – must be specific to nematode species and growing region)

• containment/eradication (regulatory responses required for some

species)

• management (cultural, biological, biofumigant, plant resistance,

chemical options are available)

• fumigant examples - metam sodium (ie: Vapam), chloropicrin (ie:

Pic+, C-60)

• non-fumigant examples - oxamyl (Vydate), ethoprop (Mocap),

fluopyram (Velum Prime), fluensulfone (Nimitz), biologicals

• oxamyl is an organo-carbamate and translocates downward in

phloem; ethoprop is an organo-phosphate – both are restricted

use pesticides with nematicidal and insecticidal properties

Management of Nematodes

Potato Early Blight Fungicide Trial – HARS 2016 – Velum Prime

Trt# Nematicide Rate/A Application Timing

1 Untreated Control

2

Melocon WG (Paecilomyces lilacinus, fungus parasitizes nematode eggs and juveniles, Certis, currently registered) 4 lb 1 week before planting

3

Majestene (Burkholderia spp. strain A396, against eggs, juveniles and adult nematodes, Marrone, currently registered 2ee potato & carrot) 2 gal at plant in furrow + 2x foliar

4

Majestene (Burkholderia spp. strain A396, against eggs, juveniles and adult nematodes, Marrone, currently registered 2ee potato & carrot) 1 gal at plant in furrow + 2x foliar

5 Vydate (oxamyl, DuPont, currently registered in potato) 2 gal at-plant in-furrow

6 Nimitz (fluensulfone, Adama, currently registered on various vegetable crops) 5 pt at-plant in-furrow

Potato Nematicide Study, Hancock ARS 2016 ‘Snowden’

Planted 5/5/2016

No phytotocicity or differences in vigor were observed

Emergence was measured 28 days after planting as the percentage of the number of hills present in the 2 center rows out of a possible 40 hills

Nematode sampling occurred from each plot on 9/14/16 prior to vine kill

center 2 rows of each plot were harvested and graded on 10/4/16

!st Foliar Application June 8th, 2nd Foliar Application June 22nd

No Visible damage or galling on the roots and tubers of the vines at harvest

Trt# Nematicide

1 Untreated Control

2

Melocon WG (Paecilomyces lilacinus, fungus parasitizes nematode eggs and juveniles, Certis, currently registered)

3

Majestene (Burkholderia spp. strain A396, against eggs, juveniles and adult nematodes, Marrone, currently registered 2ee potato & carrot)

4


5 Vydate (oxamyl, DuPont, currently registered in potato)

6 Nimitz (fluensulfone, Adama, currently registered on various vegetable crops)

Potato Nematicide Study, Hancock ARS 2016 ‘Snowden’ – Total Yield (cwt/acre)

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

550

1 2 3 4 5 6

Fisher’s LSD 95% No Significant Differences

Trt# Nematicide

1 Untreated Control

2


3


4




Potato Nematicide Study, Hancock ARS 2016 ‘Snowden’ – Root Lesion Nematode Count (per 100 cc soil)

Fisher’s LSD 95% No Significant Differences Nematode diagnostics by Dr. Ann MacGuidwin, UW-Madison

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

1 2 3 4 5 6

Trt# Nematicide

1 Untreated Control

2


3


4




Potato Nematicide Study, Hancock ARS 2016 ‘Snowden’ – Root Knot Nematode Count (per 100 cc soil)

Fisher’s LSD 95% No Significant Differences (hi variation between reps)

Nematode diagnostics by Dr. Ann MacGuidwin, UW-Madison

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1 2 3 4 5 6

Trt# Nematicide

1 Untreated Control

2


3


4




2 Commercial Carrot Nematicide Studies, 2016 Root Lesion Nematodes/Root Knot Nematodes

Nematode diagnostics by Pest Pros – Randy Van Haren

1 year preliminary results indicated reduction in root lesion nematodes with Nimitz compared to biopesticide treatments

Acknowledgements

University of Wisconsin Vegetable Disease Website (newsletter access) http://www.plantpath.wisc.edu/wivegdis/

Dr. Steve Jordan

Alyssa Geske

John Hammel

Brandon Gumz

– Midwest Food Processors Association

– Agrichemical industry partners

– USDA – IPM pipe

– Wisconsin Potato & Vegetable Growers

Association

Don Caine, DelMonte, Plover, WI

http://www.plantpath.wisc.edu/index.php

at-plant and non-fumigant strategies for nematode control ... · • symptoms can include poor...

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