atasa 5 automatic transmissions & transaxles · automatic transmissions /transaxles ... a...

ATASA 5 th Study Guide Chapter 40 Pages 11731215 Automatic Transmissions /Transaxles 107 Points

ATASA 5 th Automatic Transmissions & Transaxles

Be Certain to Read the Summary

1. Automatic transmissions are operated by hydraulics as well as electronics to select _______ ________ according to engine speed, powertrain load, vehicle speed, and other factors.

Hydraulic Diagrams Electronic Schematics Gear Ratios


2. The number of forward gears offered in current vehicle ranges from ____ to ____ and there are also continuously variable designs (CVT) with no fixed ratio. All offer at least one overdrive ratio for mpg.

1 to 2 2 to 4 4 to 8


3. The ___________ ______________ is a onepiece, weldedunit, fluid coupling between the engine & trans that multiplies the twisting motion of the crankshaft & passes it through to the transmission.

Torque Converter Planetary Gearset Valve Body


4. The T/C is connected to the crankshaft flange through a metal ______ ________ that holds the starter ring gear. A flywheel is not needed because the T/C has enough mass to provide inertia.

Flex Plate Hex Wrench Flex Saucer


5. A standard torque converter consists of 3 basic parts: _____________, ____________, & _________.

Impeller, Stator, & Turbine


6. The impeller is the input or _____________ member of the T/C and it always spins at engine rpm. (T/C pump)

Drive Driven Neutral


7. The turbine is the output or ______________ member of the T/C and is splined to the trans input shaft.


Drive Driven Neutral

8. The stator is the ______________ member or torque multiplier of the T/C & operates on a 1way clutch.

Reaction Drive Driven


9. The torque converter ______ is often used to drive the “front pump” of the transmission.

Hub Stub Grub


10. There is no direct ___________________ connection between the impeller & turbine & they never achieve the same speed. They only come close during the coupling point at highest rotary flow.


Hydraulic Mechanical Electrical

11. __________ flow is ATF flow around the circumference of the T/C. ____________ flow is ATF flow occurring from the impeller to the turbine & back to the impeller. (draw a vortex here)

Rotary Flow is Useless

Vortex Flow Does the Work in a T/C


12. Highest vortex flow takes place at the highest __________ multiplication, when the speed difference between the impeller & turbine is the greatest. Highest rotary flow is at the coupling stage.

Speed Torque Gear


13. The ____________ contains a oneway clutch that is splined to the stator support on the front pump.

Stator Turbine Rotor


14. The sprag or roller clutch in the stator is generally known as an _________________ clutch.


Undermining Overrunning Overrevving


Sprag Style Roller Style

These are OneWay or Overrunning Clutches

15. As a vehicle begins to move, the stator 1way clutch is ________. If it were not locked, the vehicle would have a severe loss of power. So a T/C can be the cause of “doggy” acceleration.

Locked Freewheeling Overrunning


16. The stator oneway roller or sprag clutch ______________ when the impeller & turbine reach the coupling (nearly the same speed) stage.


Locks Freewheels or Overrunning Comes Unglued

17. A stator roller clutch that is ________ at all times (couldn’t freewheel) would limit “top end”.


Locked Overrunning Freewheeling

18. A __________ torque converter eliminates the 10% slippage between impeller & turbine @ coupling.

Lockup Backup Mockup


19. ATF to apply the lockup clutch piston in the T/C is fed through a hollow ____________ (input) shaft.

Turbine Stator Impeller


20. The _____ controls T/C lockup clutch (TCC) operation by switching solenoids that control ATF flow.

PCM BCM SRS


PCM

21. A ______________ gearset has a sun gear, a carrier with planetary pinions & an internal ring gear.

Planetary Universal Global


Howstuffworks "How Gears Work"


22. The ______ gear is located in the center of the planetary gearset. It can be either spur or helical.

Sun Ring Pinion


23. Planetary _____________ gears rotate on needle bearings & are held in a ____________ framework.

Pinions are held in a Carrier


The easiest way to remember which mode a planetary gearset is in is to look at the planetary carrier.

Carrier drives = overdrive Carrier driven = reduction Carrier held = reverse Two members held = direct drive Nothing driven or held = neutral Parking Pawl engaged to the output shaft = park


24. The _______________ or internal ring gear surrounds the whole gearset adding strength to it.


Sun Annulus Pinion

25. Power ________________ through a planetary gearset depends on which members are held, driven, or at rest. The best advice to remembering this is to keep you eye on the planetary carrier.

Transfer or Power Flow

Carrier Driven: Reduction Carrier Drives: Overdrive Carrier Held: Reverse 2 Members Locked: Direct Nothing Held: Neutral Pawl Engaged: Park



ATASA 5 th Automatic Transmissions & Transaxles Band

Clutch Drum Sun

Pinions

Ring

Plates

Plates

Input Drives, Held or Driven?

26. If the carrier is driven, (output) the result is a __________________ in speed & a gain in torque.



Reduction Direct Overdrive

Carrier Driven = Reduction


27. If the carrier drives, (input) the result is an ___________________ in speed & a loss of torque.




28. If the carrier is held, the result is ______________.



Reduction Reverse Overdrive

29. If two members of the planetary gearset are locked or held together a __________ 1:1 drive results.




30. When no member of the planetary gearset is held, a ____________ condition exists.



Reduction Neutral Overdrive

31. A ________________ planetary gearset is simply two planetary gearsets connected together….behind each other


Compound Simpson Ravigneaux

32. A __________ compound planetary gearset shares a common sun gear between the front & rear or input & reaction gearsets. The most commonly used compound planetary gearset.



33. A _____________ compound planetary gearset shares a common ring gear between the front & rear or input & reaction gearsets. 3 long pinions & 3 short pinions are used in the carrier.



34. ______________ planetary gearsets are those located in series, but not sharing a component like the Simpson & the Ravigneaux do. (front carrier locked to rear ring & front ring locked to rear carrier)


Tandem Simpson Ravigneaux

35. The ___________ system connects a simple planetary set to a Ravigneaux set to achieve 6, 7, or 8 forward speeds. Electronic controls have made this intense design practical for use.


Lepelletier Simpson McPherson

36. Honda has a ______ _______________ based transaxle that is automatically shifted with gears as in a manual transaxle, but they are electrohydraulically put into action.


NonPlanetary Simpson McPherson

37. The CVT or ______________ __________ ____________ has no fixed forward speeds and relies on a steel belt that changes effective diameter to achieve variable drive ratios.

Continuously Variable Transmission


38. The Nissan ____________ CVT is a design based on discs & rollers.


Extroid Simpson McPherson

39. ___________ vehicles use planetary gearbased CVTs.


40. Transmissions use __________ & ____________, wet, multidisc ______________ and oneway sprag or roller clutches to hold planetary gearset members and achieve their gear ratios.

Bands & Servos Clutches


41. A band (also called brake band) can wrap around the outside diameter of clutch drums to ________ it from rotating in either direction. Bands apply with hydraulic servo pressure & lock to the case.


Hold Prevent Stop

42. Bands may be __________ or flexible and may also be either ___________ or double wrap types.

Single Quadruple Twin

Bridged Frigid Rigid


43. ATF fluid pressure is used to ___________ a servo. With pressure released, springs unapply servos.


Apply Prevent Release

44. A servo that uses fluid pressure to both apply & unapply it is called a ______________ servo.

Compound Planetary Extroid


45. Overrunning (oneway) clutches have the advantage of _______________________ engagement.

Instantaneous LongTerm ShortTerm


46. Multipledisc clutch plates are applied by fluid pressure acting on clutch ____________. These clutch plates are released or unapplied by ________ pressure when fluid pressure is released.

Spring Fall Winter


Pistons Cams Rods

47. A clutch pack consists of _________ clutch plates or discs that are externally splined, ___________ plates which are lined on both surfaces & internally splined, and a very thick, top pressure plate.

Hard, Soft Steel, Friction Lead, Tin


48. Clutch plates must be perfectly _________. Friction plates are lined w/ paper fibers, graphite & ceramics.

Concave Flat Convex


49. ___________ bearings, thrust washers made of synthetic materials, and steel thrust washers coated with low friction materials are used to control axial play inside of automatic transmissions.

Torrington Bearings are Axial Thrust, AntiFriction Bearings


50. Many different types & sizes of ________________ are used to hold assemblies together.

Earrings Snap Rings Bull Rings


51. ________ gaskets are used to direct fluid flow or seal off passages. They never get sealer on them!

Hard Medium Soft


52. _______ gaskets are used on irregular surfaces like the oil pan. Sealer is occasionally used on them.


Hard Medium Soft

53. A ____________ seal is used between two nonmoving parts. A ______________ seal is used between two parts that move in relation to each other.

Static = Still Dynamic = Moving


54. A ________________ seal is designed to prevent all fluid leakage between parts. A nonpositive seal is designed to allow a controlled amount of leakage, typically to allow lubrication.

Positive Average Negative


55. 3 major types of rubber seals used are __________, ______ seals, & _________________ seals

ORing, Lip Seal, SquareCut Seal


56. 3 types of metal seals used are ______ end, ________ end, and ________ end seals.

ButtEnd, OpenEnd, & HookEnd


57. Onepiece __________ seals need special installation tools but scarfcut seals can easily be replaced.

Teflon Rayon Nylon


58. The last set of gears in a drive train is called the _______ _______. Transaxles have the final drive gears (differential) located inside the case.

Input Drive Middle Drive Final Drive


59. Pascsal’s basic law of hydraulics states that _______________ exerted on a confined liquid is transmitted undiminished and equally in all directions with equal force on all areas. F = P x A

Force Pressure Area


60. Since fluids cannot be _______________, they work well to increase force when conducting fluid pressure through a circuit operating a piston with a larger surface area from one with a smaller area.

Compressed Ignited Depressed


61. The ATF circulating in the transmission ________ the parts, lubricates parts, cleans parts and flows under pressure through passages causing valve movement, and the application of clutches & servos.


Cools

62. The main ATF reservoir is the ______. Fluid level is typically checked with a ______________.


Pan, Dipstick Radiator, Dipstick Trunk, Dipstick

63. All fluid reservoirs must have an air ________ to allow atmospheric pressure to act on the fluid.


Bleed Vent Container

64. Excessive heat (above 175°F) causes ATF to break down so ___________ are essential components.


Coolers Extroids Heaters

65. The ________ ________ is responsible for control & distribution of pressurized fluid.


Valve Body Student Body Worm Passage

67. ATF flows through precisely machined ______ and fluid passages (worm passages) in the cast iron or aluminum valve bodies.


Chores Bores Lores

68. _____________ plates & transfer plates between the valve body & case with seal off passages.


Separator Evaluator Detonator

69. Check ball valves, poppet & spool valves are used to ________, ______, direct & regulate fluid flow.


Start, Stop Stop, Yield Start, Accelerate

70. Each spool valve has a valley that forms a fluid pressure chamber, __________ used to cover or uncover fluid flow ports, and a reaction area on which fluid & spring pressure acts.


Lands Soils Sands

71. The pressure source in the transmission is the oil ________ while the ___________ ________ contains the control valving to regulate & direct the pressure & flow of fluid to servos & clutches.

Pump

Valve Body


72. Pump pressure (called main line pressure) is a variable depending upon engine _____________ and the operation of a main pressure regulator valve.

Speed Acceleration Deceleration


73. 3 basic pump designs in use are the __________, _______, and ________ types.

Gear Pumps, Rotor Pumps, Vane Pumps


74. A pressure ____________ valve maintains proper fluid pressure in the transmission.


Balance Regulator Relief

75. Many transmissions now have _____________ pressure control solenoids to regulate pressure. (EPC)


76. The ______________ is an output shaft mounted, speedsensitive device that develops a pressure that gets directed against a shift valve to demand an upshift.

Governor Modulator Throttle


77. Both the vacuum _____________ & the _____________ valve are loadsensitive devices used to increase main line so that clutches & bands can be held tighter while demanding uphift.

Vacuum Modulator & Throttle Valve


78. The __________ valve is the only spool valve that gets controlled directly by the driver through the gear selector linkage. PRNDL

Manual Governor Modulator


79. It can be said that the ________________ demands downshifts & allows upshifts. (based on loadMAP)

Main Line Pressure vs. Governor Pressure vs. Modulator Pressure

Modulator Governor Kickdown


80. It can be said that the ________________ demands upshifts & allows downshifts. (based on speedVSS input)



81. A _______________ circuit provides a downshift (lower gear) when the driver requires more power.



82. Shift feel is controlled by the _________ at which each reaction member is applied or released, the ______ at which each is pressurized or exhausted, & the __________ of the apply & release.

Pressure, Rate, Timing


83. _________________ slow down application rates without decreasing the holding force of the device.

Accumulators Modulators Spools


84. Some transmissions use restrictive ______________ instead of accumulators in line to a servo or clutch piston to allow for gradual increase of fluid flow and smooth engagement of a band or clutch.

Orifices are in the separator plate


85. Shift __________, different than shift feel, is determined by throttle & governor pressures acting on shift valves.


Timing Reaction Valves

86. Shift ______________ can be used to time the shifts and to also provide shift feel through pulse width modulation of fluid into controlling members.


Solenoids Relays Breakers

87. Hydraulic circuit _________ ___________ and clutch & band application charts are used to diagnose improper operation prior to service.


Venn Diagrams Flow Charts Art Work

The easiest way to remember which mode a planetary gearset is in is to look at the planetary carrier.

Carrier drives = overdrive Carrier driven = reduction Carrier held = reverse Two members held = direct drive Nothing driven or held = neutral Parking Pawl engaged to the output shaft = park


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