athletics - kif.unizg.hr · discus throw - discus thrower shot put - shot putter running - runner...
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ATHLETICS In British English athletics designates track and field events. In American English the term athletics is used synonymously with the term sport. The Americans use the term track-and-field (nowadays also written track and field) as the synonym for the British English term athletics.
ATHLETICS / TRACK-AND-FIELD Athletics (AmE track-and-field) championships encompass events that can be divided into track events (also termed running events) and field events. Track events are classified into:
sprinting events (races of 400
metres and less) in which a runner runs in the same lane the whole race
middle distance running (races from 500 to 2,000 metres) and
long distance running (races of more than 2,000 metres.
Relay races are men’s and women’s 4 x 100m and 4 x 400m relays. Hurdles, e.g. 110m hurdles for men and 100m hurdles for women, are run in lanes. The Olympic 3,000m steeplechase is an event with 28 hurdle jumps and 7 water jumps. Long distance walking events (walks) and marathon (42.195 km) take place on roads. Field events take place on the field. They include throwing events and jumping events. In throwing events (javelin throw, hammer throw, discus throw and shot put) athletes throw various implements. In javelin throw a javelin is thrown from behind a curved line which is at the end of a runway. The javelin must land within the area termed landing sector. A shot, which is a solid metal ball, is put from the shoulder. A discus is usually made of wood and has a metal rim. A
track event/running event
to sprint = to dash = juriti *brzo trčati
sprint/sprinting event = disciplina/utrka na kratke pruge
In swimming, 50 and 100m events are also termed sprinting events.
1,000 1,000,000
implement = general language alat, oruđe, sredstvo; sport sprava
Term suggested by some researchers:
projektil (?)
hammer consists of a solid metal head, a wire, and a single- or a double-loop grip. A safety cage must be put around the throwing area both in hammer and in discus throw to protect other athletes, judges and spectators.
discus /’diskǝs/ noun – athletics disk
disc /’disk/ noun – anatomy disk (e.g., intervertebral disc)
discuss /dis’kʌs/ noun – raspravljati
The athletes can jump for distance (long jump, triple jump) and height (high jump and pole vault). In the high jump event, a crossbar is placed between two rigid uprights and athletes try to clear it. The crossbar is raised after each round. A long jump event consists of four phases: run-up, take-off, flight and landing. The competitors leap from a take-off board into a sand pit, also called a sand landing area. The competitors are allowed to use one or two markers along the runway. Triple jump implies a hop, step and jump sequence. The jumpers take off from one foot and first land on that same foot. Then they take a long step and land on the opposite foot. Finally, they jump into the landing area. In the pole vault event the competitors use a flexible pole to vault a crossbar. A vaulter runs down the runway and plants the pole into the take-off box.
to jump for distance = skakati u daljinu
to jump for height = skakati u
visinu
to clear a (cross)bar = preskočiti letvicu
upright noun = stalak
upright adjective = uspravan marker / check mark = oznaka
runway/run-up track = zaletište run-up = zalet
landing pit/sand landing pit/sand landing area/landing area/sand pit = doskočište, jama s pijeskom, pješčanik (?)
jump/leap = skok hop = poskok
flexible = savitljiv (NOT: rastezljiv)
to vault a (cross)bar = preskočiti letvicu, prijeći preko
letvice take-off box = ubodna kutija (ad litteram translation of the German term Stichkasten) to plant the pole into the take-off box = postaviti motku u ubodnu kutiju
The Olympic combined events are:
decathlon, which is a men's competition consisting of ten events
heptathlon, a women's competition consisting of seven events.
decathlon < from deca- (ten) + Greek athlon (contest, prize)
heptathlon < from hepte- (seven) + Greek athlon (contest)
Exercises Complete the sentences by choosing the correct ending.
1. Track meet is ... a) ... a series of track-and-field events. b) ... a series of running contests. c) ... a series of jumping and throwing contests.
2. An athlete is ... a) ... a sportsperson in general. b) ... a sportsperson engaged in athletics only. c) ... a sportsperson engaged in a team sport.
3. To clear the bar means ... a) ... to jump over or to vault a bar without knocking
it off its place on the uprights. b) ... to stop. c) ... to start.
4. Heptathlon ... a) ... consists of five track-and-field events. b) ... consists of seven track-and-field events. c) ... consists of ten track-and-field events.
5. A hammer is ...
a) ... a metal ball used in playing boules. b) ... a metal ball used in bowling.
c) … a metal ball attached to a steel wire and thrown . for distance in athletics.
to clear the (cross)bar = preskočiti letvicu
upright = noun stalak upright = adjective uspravan
6. A relay race is ...
a) ... a race in which each member of a team runs one part of the set distance.
b) ... a cross-country race. c) … a track race in which contestants run over distances of 5,000m and longer.
7. A hurdle race is ... a) .... a race in which each member of a team runs one
part of the set distance. b) ... a cross-country race. c) … a track race in which contestants must jump over
. the hurdles.
8. A steeplechase is ... a) ... a race in which each member of a team runs one
part of the set distance. b) ... a foot race over hurdle and water obstacles. c) ... a dash.
8. A sprint is ...
a) ... a dash. b) ... an endurance event. c) ... a middle distance race.
10. A shot is ... a) ... a ball used in polo.
b) ... a metal ball used in putting a shot. c) ... a ball used in golf.
Fill in the table below.
TRACK EVENTS FIELD EVENTS JUMPING EVENTS THROWING
EVENTS JUMPING FOR
DISTANCE JUMPING FOR HEIGHT
Choose a matching expression from the list that follows. ___________ is a 3,000m footrace run over hurdle and water obstacles. ___________ is a jumping event in which competitors attempt to clear a bar which is placed on two uprights. ___________ is an event in which the competitors execute a hop-step-jump sequence to jump the furthest distance. ___________ is an event in which the jumper uses a flexible pole to vault a bar. ___________ is a sporting event in which people jump for distance. ___________ is a competition in which a metal shot is put the furthest distance. ___________ is an event in which a metal ball that is attached to the end of a wire is thrown
the furthest distance. ___________ is a 42 km running race. ___________ is a competition consisting of 10 different events.
decathlon, hammer throw, high jump, long jump, marathon, pole vault, shot put, steeplechase, triple jump
Match the terms from column A with their combining terms from column B. Write down the multi-word terms. A B running jump __________________________
sporting race __________________________
take-off put __________________________
take-off event __________________________
relay race __________________________
field board __________________________
shot event __________________________
long box __________________________
sprinting event __________________________
Write down the synonyms of the following terms. track event __________________________
sprint __________________________
check mark __________________________
jump __________________________
competition __________________________
athlete __________________________
landing pit __________________________
runway __________________________
Underline the correct form of the term / phrase. There are cases in which more than one solution correct. 1 sprint event sprinting event sprinted event
2 sporting event sports event sporty event
3 throw for distance throw in the distance throw on the distance
4 clear over the bar clear across the bar clear the bar
5 vault across the bar vault the bar vault over the bar
Remember!
Athletic events: Athletes: high jump - high jumper triple jump - triple jumper long jump - long jumper pole vault - pole vaulter javelin throw - javelin thrower hammer throw - hammer thrower discus throw - discus thrower shot put - shot putter running - runner hurdling - hurdler steeplechase - steeplechase runner sprint - sprinter middle-distance run - middle-distance runner distance run - distance runner marathon - marathon runner
relay racing - relay runner
Spelling of some terms is not always consistent. Hence, remember the following varieties:
noun run up / run-up BUT: verb run up noun take off / take-off / takeoff BUT: verb take off There are three flight techniques that can be used to counter angular momentum when executing a long jump – these techniques are the sail, the hang, and the hitch-kick. Match the names of flight techniques with appropriate pictures.
1 Hitch-kick technique A
2 Sail technique B
3 Hang technique C
Describe the execution of a long jump. Pay attention to the following key terms and make sure you use them in your description:
RUN-UP
TAKE-OFF
FLIGHT
LANDING
runway stationary velocity* development maximum speed* transition into take-off
take-off angle take-off height to generate upward force horizontal velocity vertical velocity ground reaction force horizontal distance travelled
horizontal displacement forward rotation legs arms trajectory
to extends legs forward to lean forward heels knees absorb the impact
*velocity = measure of speed over time
Source: https://www.britannica.com/sports/long-jump
VOCABULARY
3,000 steeplechase 3000 metara sa zaprekama
absorb glagol absorbirati, upiti
along duž
angle kut
athlete sportaš / sportašica
attempt pokušaj
boules boće
bowling kuglanje
check mark oznaka
combined event višeboj
competition natjecanje, nadmetanje
competitor natjecatelj
comprise glagol tvoriti, sačinjavati, činiti; obuhvaćati
contest natjecanje, nadmetanje
contestant natjecatelj
crossbar letvica
curve glagol saviti
curved savijen
dash glagol juriti; utrka na kratke pruge
decathlon desetoboj
development razvoj
discus throw bacanje diska
displacement pomak
distance udaljenost
double-loop grip drška s dvije omče
encompass glagol obuhvaćati
endurance izdržljivost
engage in uključiti se (u)
event natjecanje; disciplina
field event tehnička disciplina
flexible savitljiv
flight let
foot race /footrace trkačka utrka
force sila
generate glagol proizvesti
ground reaction force sila reakcije podloge
hammer kladivo
hammer throw bacanje kladiva
hang technique tehnika leta uvinućem
height visina
heptathlon sedmoboj
high jump skok u vis
hitch-kick technique koračna tehnika
hop glagol poskakivati, poskočiti; imenica poskok
horizontal velocity horizontalna / vodoravna brzina
hurdle prepona
impact sraz, sudar, udar, udarac
implement sprava (npr., u atletici)
imply podrazumijevati
javelin koplje
javelin throw bacanje koplja
jumping event skakačka disciplina
land glagol doskočiti
landing doskok
landing pit/sand landing pit/sand landing area/landing area/sand pit
doskočište, jama s pijeskom, pješčanik (?)
lane staza
leading leg zamašna noga
leap, leapt, leapt skočiti
long distance run utrka na duge pruge
long distance running trčanje na duge pruge
long jump skok u dalj
marker oznaka
middle distance run utrka na srednje pruge
middle distance running trčanje na srednje pruge
plant glagol postaviti
pole motka
pole vault skok s motkom
race utrka
raise podići
relay race štafetna utrka
rigid krut, čvrst, nesavitljiv
rim obruč
round krug, runda
run utrka
running event trkačka disciplina
running race trkačka utrka
run-up zalet
run-up track zaletište
runway zaletište
safety cage zaštitna mreža
sail technique zgrčna tehnika
sequence redoslijed; niz
shot kugla
shot put bacanje kugle
single-loop grip drška s jednom omčom
solid krut
speed brzina (kao skalarna veličina)
sporting event sportska disciplina
sportsperson sportaš / sportašica
sprint glagol juriti; imenica utrka na kratke pruge
sprinting event utrka na kratke pruge
stationary nepomičan; u mjestu
steel čelik
step korak
take off glagol odraziti se
take-off odraz
take-off angle kut uzleta
take-off board odrazna daska
take-off box ubodna kutija
take-off height visina uzleta
throwing event bacačka disciplina
track staza (svih 8 zajedno)
track event trkačka disciplina
track meet atletski miting
trajectory putanja
transition prijelaz
triple jump troskok
upright stalak
vault glagol preokrenuti (se); glagol prijeći preko, preskočiti
vaulter skakač s motkom
velocity brzina (kao vektorska veličina)
vertical velocity vertikalna / okomita brzina
walk disciplina brzoga hodanja
walking event disciplina brzoga hodanja
wire žica; žičano uže