ati9 - e-business and e-commercelecturer.ukdw.ac.id/anton/download/ati9.pdf · • prosedur manual...
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Tradisional vs Elektronik
• Sulit promosi & akses pasar
• Harus Face-to-face
• Bersifat Paperwork
• Biaya tinggi & Birokrasi
• Prosedur manual
• Akses pasar mudah
• Penilaian independent
• Negosiasi & penawaran
standard
• Bersifat Paperless• Prosedur manual
• Pasar kurang kompetitif
• Butuh pegawai banyak
• Butuh lokasi fisik
• Alur informasi transparan
• Anywhere-anytime
• Keamanan?
• Bisa bersifat “maya”
Key : product, process, dan delivery
E-BusinessE-Business merupakan kegiatan berbisnis di Internet yang tidak saja meliputi pembelian, penjualan dan jasa, tapi jugameliputi pelayanan pelanggan dan kerja sama dengan rekanbisnis (baik individual maupun instansi).E – Business meliputi E-CommerceE – Business meliputi E-Commerce
EC can also be conducted via:•Private networks, •Local area networks (LANs) •Wide area networks (WANs) -> Internet
E-Commerce
• Penggunaan media elektronik untuk melakukan perniagaan / perdagangan– Telepon, fax, ATM, handphone, SMS
– Banking: ATM phone banking, internet banking
• Secara khusus• Secara khusus– Penggunaan Internet untuk melakukan perniagaan
– Ada transaksi yang terjadi
• E-Commerce Perdagangan:– Buy, sell, serving, transfer, exchange
• E-Commerce dimulai sejak 1970-an
• Pure EC (cth: e-book) vs Partial EC (cth: book)
EC model newcomers
• Blog: blogspot.com, wordpress.com• Chemistry: match.com• Photo sharing: flickr.com• Video Broadcast: Youtube.com• Community: Facebook, Friendster, Hi5• Radio online: Petra, Swaragama, Yogyastreamers• Radio online: Petra, Swaragama, Yogyastreamers• Online encyclopedia: Wikipedia.org • E-learning: E-class, ratemyprofessor.com,
collegerecruting.com, powerstudents.com• Job market: jobsdb.com, karir.com• Travel Service: expedia.com• Iklan: Google AdSense & AdWord• Real Estate: rumahyogya.com
Google Universe Commerce
• Google Web Search Engine
• Google Mobile Apps (Android)
• Google Translate
• Google+, Blogger
• Google Chrome & Picasa• Google Chrome & Picasa
• Google Docs, QuickOffice
• Google Groups
• Google Scholar
• Google Earth & Google Maps
• Google Analytics, Adsense, Adwords
• Youtube, Picasa
E-Commerce Software• ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning)
� sistem informasi pendukung e-business, ygmenyediakan berbagai macam kebutuhanperusahaan seperti supply chain, CRM, marketing, warehouse, shipping, dan payment, serta mampumelakukan otomatisasi proses bisnismelakukan otomatisasi proses bisnis
• CRM (Customer Relationship management)
� sistem kustomisasi real time yang memanajemenkustomer dan melakukan personalisasi produk danservis berdasarkan keinginan kustomer, dan menjagahubungan baik dengan kustomer
E-Business Software
• EAI (Enterprise Application Integration)
� merupakan konsep integrasi berbagai
proses bisnis dengan memperbolehkan
mereka saling bertukar data berbasismereka saling bertukar data berbasis
message.
• SCM (Supply Chain Management)
� manajemen rantai supply secara otomatis
dan terkomputerisasi.
Customer service steps
• Requirement: mengetahui kebutuhan customer, bs
didapat dari catalog / CD
• Acquisition: membantu customer memilih produk,
termasuk order online, nego, dan deliverytermasuk order online, nego, dan delivery
• Ownership: support kepemilikan produk dari
customer, dgn forum, FAQ, renewal, mailing list
• Retirement: support ttg layanan purna jual, online
resale, lelang barang & classified add
EAI system
integrating application(contains the composition logic)
message broker, ex: CORBA, RMI
SmartQuotation DBMSapplications
SmartForecasting XYZ
SmartQuotationadapter
databaseadapter
SmartForecastingadapter
e-mailadapter
XYZadapter
Components of EC
• People: Sellers, buyers, intermediaries, information systems specialists and other employees, and any other participants
• Public policy: Legal and other policy and regulating issues, such as privacy protection and taxation
• Marketing and advertising: Like any other business, EC usually • Marketing and advertising: Like any other business, EC usually requires the support of marketing and advertising
• Support services: Many services are needed to support EC. They range from payments to order delivery and after sales services
• Business partnerships: Joint ventures, e-marketplaces, and partnerships are some frequently occurring relationships in e-business
Kemampuan E-Commerce
• OTOMATISASI, proses otomatisasi yang menggantikan prosesmanual.(“enerprise resource planning” concept)
• INTEGRASI, proses yang terintegrasi yang akan meningkatkanefisiensi dan efektivitas proses. (“just in time” concept)
• PUBLIKASI, memberikan jasa promosi dan komunikasi atas produkdan jasa yang dipasarkan secara elektronik. (“electronic cataloging” concept)concept)
• INTERAKSI, pertukaran data atau informasi antar berbagai pihakyang akan meminimalkan “human error” (“electronic data interchange/EDI” concept)
• TRANSAKSI, kesepakatan antara 2 pihak untuk melakukan transaksiyang melibatkan institusi lainnya (pihak ketiga) sebagai pihak yang menangani pembayaran (“electronic payment” concept)
Jenis E-Commerce
• Business-to-Consumer (B2C)– Electronic storefronts/mall
• Business-to-Business (B2B)– Google/Amazon
• Consumer-to-Consumer (C2C)– Eceran / Lelang– Eceran / Lelang
• Business-to-Employee (B2E)– Employee juga sebagai customer/supplier
• E-Government– Layanan online pemerintah
• M-Commerce– Mobile banking, mobile ticketing, mobile television
Auctions and Bartering
The major mechanism for buying and selling on theInternet is the electronic catalog.
There are two common mechanisms used in itsimplementation: electronic auctions and bartering online
• Electronic Auctions (e-Auctions): A market mechanism by which sellers place offers and buyers make sequential bids
• Forward auctions are auctions where sellers place items at sites for auction and buyers bid continuously for the items.
• Reverse auctions, have one buyer, usually an organization, that wants to buy a product or a service. Suppliers are invited to submit bids .
Manfaat E-Commerce
• Jenis bisnis baru
– Bisa menjual tanpa modal besar
• Market exposure, melebarkan jangkauan
• Memperpendek waktu product cycle• Memperpendek waktu product cycle
– Tidak perlu banyak tangan
• Meningkatkan customer loyality
• Mengurangi biaya produksi dan promosi
• Mengurangi biaya inventory
Manfaat E-Commerce
• Mengurangi biaya komunikasi
• Hampir tidak terlihat perbedaan antara perusahaanbesar dan kecil
• Memudahkan konsumen memilih barang, 24 jam nonstopnonstop
• Mempercepat dan mempermudah transaksi, anywhere
• Memungkinkan barang dijual lebih murah
Layanan E-Commerce Khas Indonesia
• Contoh layanan khas Indonesia– Wartel & Warnet
– SMS
– Berganti-ganti handphone (lifestyle?)
– Games, kuis– Games, kuis
• Peluang bisnis baru yang khas Indonesia– SMS/Mobile-based applications
– nonton TV dengan chatting
– Games, kuis
– Sport (World Cup)
– Jual Buku online (bukabuku.com, bukukita.com)
– Star on TV (Indonesian Idol)
Hambatan / Tantangan• Infrastruktur telekomunikasi yang masih terbatas dan mahal
• Delivery channel– Pengiriman barang masih ditakutkan hilang di jalan.
– Ketepatan waktu dalam pengiriman barang
– Jangkauan daerah pengiriman barang
• Kultur dan Kepercayaan (trust)
• Security• Security
• Munculnya jenis kejahatan baru– Penggunaan kartu kredit curian / palsu
– Penipuan melalui SMS, kuis
• Ketidakjelasan hukum– Digital signature
– Uang digital / cybermoney
– Status hukum dari paper-less transaction
Faktor-Faktor Penyebab Kegagalan E-Business
• Tidak ada komitmen yang utuh dari manajemen.
• Penerapan e-business tidak diikuti proses change management.
• Tidak profesionalnya vendor teknologi informasi yang menjadi mitra bisnis
• Buruknya infrastruktur komunikasi• Buruknya infrastruktur komunikasi
• Tidak selarasnya strategi TI dengan strategi perusahaan.
• Adanya masalah keamanan dalam bertransaksi
• Kurangnya dukungan finansial
• Belum adanya peraturan yang mendukung dan melindungipihak-pihak yang bertransaksi (cyberlaw),
• Menggunakan target jangka pendek sebagai pijakaninvestasi e-business.
Web Commerce Technologies
• Server hardware
• Database Server
• Server side programming language
• Web Commerce Framework:• Web Commerce Framework:
– Openchart
– Zenchart
– OsCommerce
– Magneto
– PrestaShop
E-Commerce Framework Features
• Unlimited Categories
• Unlimited Products
• Unlimited Manufacturers
• Multi Currency
• Multi Language
• Product Reviews• Product Reviews
• Product Ratings
• Open Source
• Free Documentation
• Templatable
• Automatic Image Resize
• 20+ Payment Gateways
• 8+ Shipping Methods
Mobile Commerce: Overview
• Mobile commerce (m-Commerce,
m-Business)—any e-Commerce done in a
wireless environment, especially via the
InternetInternet
– Can be done via the Internet, private
communication lines, smart cards, etc.
– Creates opportunity to deliver new services to
existing customers and to attract new ones
Contoh M-commerce
• Pengenalan suara melalui mobile phones untukpembelian musik
• Pembelian tiket melalui mobile phones
• SMS informasi dan iklan• SMS informasi dan iklan
• Ringtone, Games, dan aplikasi
• Pembayaran uang melalui bank
• Transfer dana melalui bank
• Informasi kurs dan saham
• Daily motivation, news
m-Commerce Terminology
• Generations
– 1G: 1979-1992 wireless technology
– 2G: current wireless technology; mainly
accommodates text
– 2.5G: interim technology accommodates graphics
– 3G: 3rd generation technology (2001-2005) supports
rich media (video clips)
– 4G: will provide faster multimedia display (2006-2010)
Terminology and Standards
• GPS: Satellite-based Global Positioning System
• PDA: Personal Digital Assistant—handheld wireless
computer
• SMS: Short Message Service• SMS: Short Message Service
• EMS: Enhanced Messaging Service
• MMS: Multimedia Messaging Service
• WAP: Wireless Application Protocol
• Smartphones—Internet-enabled cell phones with
attached applications
Tantangan m-commerce
• Security, protocol, standards
• Usability user interface
• Heterogeneous Technologies
– Platform, programming language, databases, etc– Platform, programming language, databases, etc
• Business Model Issues
Limitations of m-Commerce
• Usability Problem
– small size of mobile devices (screens,
keyboards, etc)
– limited storage capacity of devices– limited storage capacity of devices
– hard to browse sites
• Technical Limitations
– lack of a standardized security protocol
– insufficient bandwidth
Limiting technological factors
Networks•Bandwidth•Interoperability•Cell Range
Localisation•Upgrade of Network•Upgrade of Mobile
Devices
Mobile Middleware•Standards•Distribution
Mobile Devices•Battery•Memory•CPU•Display Size
•Roaming •Precision
Security•Mobile Device•Network•Gateway
Di belakang Layar EC & MC
• Teknologi Client Server
– Three tier layer (+ web)
• Teknologi Web Database (Database Layer)
– Oracle, MySQL, SQL server, Postgres– Oracle, MySQL, SQL server, Postgres
• Teknologi Middleware
– CORBA, RMI, JDBC, RPC, Web Service
Application Layer Technologies
• Micro-browser based:WAP/WML, XHTML, HTML5: W3C
• Voice-browser based:VoiceXML: W3C, VOIP
• Client-side: • Client-side: J2ME: Java 2 Micro Edition (Sun)WMLScript: Openwave
Flash: Adobe
• Messaging: SMS, MMS