atn air-ground subnetworks

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ATN ATN Air-Ground Subnetworks Air-Ground Subnetworks Presentation ATN2.2 by R. Presentation ATN2.2 by R. Oishi, ARINC Oishi, ARINC CAO Regional ATN Seminar CAO Regional ATN Seminar 6-7 May 2002 6-7 May 2002

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ATN Air-Ground Subnetworks. Presentation ATN2.2 by R. Oishi, ARINC CAO Regional ATN Seminar 6-7 May 2002. End Systems - Intermediate Systems. End System (ES) Computer system which executes end-user application programs May implement 7-layer stack as required - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Page 1: ATN Air-Ground Subnetworks

ATNATNAir-Ground SubnetworksAir-Ground Subnetworks

Presentation ATN2.2 by R. Oishi, Presentation ATN2.2 by R. Oishi, ARINCARINC

CAO Regional ATN SeminarCAO Regional ATN Seminar

6-7 May 20026-7 May 2002

Page 2: ATN Air-Ground Subnetworks

End Systems - Intermediate End Systems - Intermediate SystemsSystems

End System (ES)End System (ES)– Computer system which executes end-user application Computer system which executes end-user application

programsprograms– May implement 7-layer stack as requiredMay implement 7-layer stack as required– Communicates to Intermediate Systems or possibly to other ESsCommunicates to Intermediate Systems or possibly to other ESs

Intermediate System (IS)Intermediate System (IS)– Computer system which relays and routes NPDUs to other ISs Computer system which relays and routes NPDUs to other ISs

or ESsor ESs– Implements up to Network Layer (Layer 3)Implements up to Network Layer (Layer 3)– Implements CMIP and routing protocolsImplements CMIP and routing protocols

Page 3: ATN Air-Ground Subnetworks

ATN Functional ComponentsATN Functional Components

ESES

ES

ES

ES

IS

IS

IS

IS

IS

IS

Page 4: ATN Air-Ground Subnetworks

Administrative and Routing Administrative and Routing DomainsDomains

Administrative DomainAdministrative Domain– A set of ESs, ISs, and subnetworks operated by a single A set of ESs, ISs, and subnetworks operated by a single

organization or administrative authorityorganization or administrative authority Routing DomainRouting Domain

– A set of ESs and ISs bound by a common routing procedureA set of ESs and ISs bound by a common routing procedure An Administrative Domain may contain one or An Administrative Domain may contain one or

more Routing Domainsmore Routing Domains A Routing Domain is always wholly contained A Routing Domain is always wholly contained

within one Administrative Domainwithin one Administrative Domain There are smaller and larger area definitions to There are smaller and larger area definitions to

facilitate operation of a worldwide ATNfacilitate operation of a worldwide ATN

Page 5: ATN Air-Ground Subnetworks

Example Administrative DomainExample Administrative Domain

BIS BIS

Administrative Domain

Routing DomainRouting Domain

Page 6: ATN Air-Ground Subnetworks

Routing ProtocolsRouting Protocols

ISO 9542 ES-IS Host/Router ProtocolISO 9542 ES-IS Host/Router Protocol (Optional)(Optional) Exchanges connectivity information within a local subnetwork Exchanges connectivity information within a local subnetwork

environmentenvironment

ISO/IEC 10589 IS-IS Intra-Domain Protocol (Optional)ISO/IEC 10589 IS-IS Intra-Domain Protocol (Optional) Exchanges connectivity and topology information among ATN Exchanges connectivity and topology information among ATN

routers (ISs) within a Routing Domainrouters (ISs) within a Routing Domain Supports dynamic configuration of ATN routing tables on a domain-Supports dynamic configuration of ATN routing tables on a domain-

wide basiswide basis

ISO/IEC 10747 IDRP Inter-Domain Routing ProtocolISO/IEC 10747 IDRP Inter-Domain Routing Protocol Exchanges routing information across routing domain boundariesExchanges routing information across routing domain boundaries This is the ATN key element in maintaining communication with This is the ATN key element in maintaining communication with

aircraftaircraft

Page 7: ATN Air-Ground Subnetworks

Protocols in ContextProtocols in Context

ES-IS(ISO 9542)

COTP Class 4 (ISO 8073)CLNP (ISO 8473)

IS-IS(ISO 10589)

IDRP(ISO/IEC 10747)

ES

IS BIS

Page 8: ATN Air-Ground Subnetworks

IS

IS

IS

IS

RGS RGSRGS

RGS

Mobile Routing - RGS LevelMobile Routing - RGS Level

Routing Domain

Page 9: ATN Air-Ground Subnetworks

Mobile Routing - RD LevelMobile Routing - RD Level

RD 1RD 3RD 2

RD 4

Page 10: ATN Air-Ground Subnetworks

Air/Ground SubnetworksAir/Ground Subnetworks

VHF Digital Link (VDL)VHF Digital Link (VDL)

SatelliteSatellite

Mode SMode S

HF Data LinkHF Data Link

Page 11: ATN Air-Ground Subnetworks

VHF Digital Link (VDL)VHF Digital Link (VDL)General CharacteristicGeneral Characteristic

Very High Frequency radio (118-137 MHz)Very High Frequency radio (118-137 MHz) SARPs complete/validated for Modes 2-3SARPs complete/validated for Modes 2-3 Line-of-sight from remote ground station (RGS), Line-of-sight from remote ground station (RGS),

coverage up to 200 NM depending on terrain, coverage up to 200 NM depending on terrain, aircraft altitude, other factorsaircraft altitude, other factors

Three operational Modes of VDLThree operational Modes of VDL– Mode 2 - Data onlyMode 2 - Data only– Mode 3 - Data and voiceMode 3 - Data and voice– Mode 4 - Data onlyMode 4 - Data only

Page 12: ATN Air-Ground Subnetworks

VHF UsageVHF Usage

25kHz 25kHz

8.33 8.33

Ana

log

Voi

ceA

nalo

g V

oice

Ana

log

Voi

ceAnalog Voice

Data OnlySimultaneous Voice & Data

25kHz 25kHz

MODE 2 MODE 3

8.33

DSB AMDSB AM D8PSK D8PSK

DSB AM

DSB AM

Voice Channels

Data Only

25kHz

MODE 4

GFSK

TDMACSMA STDMA

Page 13: ATN Air-Ground Subnetworks

VDL Technical CharacteristicsVDL Technical Characteristics

Modulation: Modulation: – Modes 2,3 Differential 8-Phase Shift Keying (D8PSK), 31.5 Modes 2,3 Differential 8-Phase Shift Keying (D8PSK), 31.5

KBPSKBPS– Mode 4 Gaussian Frequency Shift Keying (GFSK), 19.2 Mode 4 Gaussian Frequency Shift Keying (GFSK), 19.2

KBPSKBPS

Medium Access:Medium Access:– Mode 2 - Carrier Sense Multiple Access (CSMA)Mode 2 - Carrier Sense Multiple Access (CSMA)– Mode 3 - Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA), maximum Mode 3 - Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA), maximum

of 4 channels per frequencyof 4 channels per frequency– Mode 4 - Self-organizing TDMA (STDMA)Mode 4 - Self-organizing TDMA (STDMA)

Page 14: ATN Air-Ground Subnetworks

Satellite Data LinkSatellite Data Link

Uses Inmarsat geosynchronous satellites which Uses Inmarsat geosynchronous satellites which provide both telephone and data services, provide both telephone and data services, operating in L-Band (1550-1630.5 MHz)operating in L-Band (1550-1630.5 MHz)

SARPs approvedSARPs approved Worldwide coverage with 4 satellites, except polar Worldwide coverage with 4 satellites, except polar

areasareas Four channel types:Four channel types:

– P-Channel - ground-to-air signaling and user dataP-Channel - ground-to-air signaling and user data– R-Channel - air-to-ground requests or dataR-Channel - air-to-ground requests or data– C-Channel - both directions, voice or dataC-Channel - both directions, voice or data– T-Channel - air-to-ground user dataT-Channel - air-to-ground user data

Page 15: ATN Air-Ground Subnetworks

Satellite Data LinkSatellite Data LinkTechnical CharacteristicsTechnical Characteristics

Modulation: Modulation: – Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK), 1200 or 2400 BPS Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK), 1200 or 2400 BPS – Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK), 4.8 or 10.5 KBPSQuadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK), 4.8 or 10.5 KBPS

Medium Access:Medium Access:– P-Channel - TDMAP-Channel - TDMA– R-Channel - slotted AlohaR-Channel - slotted Aloha– C-Channel - Single Channel per Carrier (SCPC)C-Channel - Single Channel per Carrier (SCPC)– T-Channel - TDMAT-Channel - TDMA

Page 16: ATN Air-Ground Subnetworks

Satellite Data Link ConventionsSatellite Data Link Conventions

Uplink

Downlink

ReturnLink

ForwardLink

OutboundLink

InboundLink

Page 17: ATN Air-Ground Subnetworks

Mode S Data LinkMode S Data Link

Uses Secondary Surveillance Radar (SSR) Uses Secondary Surveillance Radar (SSR) transponder to transmit data (1090 MHz) and receive transponder to transmit data (1090 MHz) and receive data (1030 MHz)data (1030 MHz)

ICAO SARPs approvedICAO SARPs approved Coverage with data linked SSRs or stationary Coverage with data linked SSRs or stationary

antennasantennas Shares transponder with Traffic Alert and Collision Shares transponder with Traffic Alert and Collision

Avoidance System (TCAS)/Airborne Collision Avoidance System (TCAS)/Airborne Collision Avoidance System (ACAS) and SSR functionsAvoidance System (ACAS) and SSR functions

Page 18: ATN Air-Ground Subnetworks

Mode S Data LinkMode S Data LinkTechnical CharacteristicsTechnical Characteristics

Modulation: Modulation: – Pulse modulation, identifies Mode S from ATCRBSPulse modulation, identifies Mode S from ATCRBS– DPSK, 4 MBPS for Mode S interrogationDPSK, 4 MBPS for Mode S interrogation– Pulse Position Modulation (PPM), 1 MBPS for replyPulse Position Modulation (PPM), 1 MBPS for reply

Medium Access:Medium Access:– Random access, pulse modulation identifies Mode Random access, pulse modulation identifies Mode – Mode S timed to occur within ATCRBS suppression Mode S timed to occur within ATCRBS suppression – Mode S reply by PPM allows reply to get through in face of a single Mode S reply by PPM allows reply to get through in face of a single

ATCRBS interferencing signalATCRBS interferencing signal

Other characteristics:Other characteristics:– Data transferred in 56 or 112 bits of informationData transferred in 56 or 112 bits of information– 24-bit parity error check24-bit parity error check

Page 19: ATN Air-Ground Subnetworks

Mode S Data LinkMode S Data LinkConventionsConventions

Interrogation

Reply

P1 P2 Data

Preamble Data

ATC Radar Beacon System (ATCRBS)

Page 20: ATN Air-Ground Subnetworks

HF Data LinkHF Data Link

Long-range coverage (3000 km) in aeronautical Long-range coverage (3000 km) in aeronautical high frequency (HF) band (3-22 MHz)high frequency (HF) band (3-22 MHz)

ICAO SARPs completeICAO SARPs complete Multiple data rates (300, 600, 1200, 1800 BPS)Multiple data rates (300, 600, 1200, 1800 BPS) Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) to Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) to

maximize coverage; TDMA to organize data maximize coverage; TDMA to organize data transmissiontransmission

Page 21: ATN Air-Ground Subnetworks

HF Data LinkHF Data LinkTechnical CharacteristicsTechnical Characteristics

Modulation: M-ary PSK (2PSK, 4PSK, 8PSK)Modulation: M-ary PSK (2PSK, 4PSK, 8PSK) Data Rates: 300, 600, 1200, 1800 BPSData Rates: 300, 600, 1200, 1800 BPS Medium Access: TDMA, 32 second frame, 13 Medium Access: TDMA, 32 second frame, 13

slots/frame, 1 MPDU/slotslots/frame, 1 MPDU/slot Other characteristics:Other characteristics:

– Aircraft login to ground stationAircraft login to ground station– Ground station squitters transmittedGround station squitters transmitted– GPS synchronized ground stationsGPS synchronized ground stations– Frequencies coordinated between ground stationsFrequencies coordinated between ground stations

Page 22: ATN Air-Ground Subnetworks

HF Data Link Frame StructureHF Data Link Frame Structure

HFDL Frame (32 sec, 2700/day)

Slot (13/frame)

MPDU (1/slot)

Prekey Preamble Data

Message Protocol Data Unit (MPDU)

Page 23: ATN Air-Ground Subnetworks

HF Data LinkHF Data Link

Service for ATC and AOC applicationsService for ATC and AOC applications 12-16 sites sharing 60 frequencies will eventually 12-16 sites sharing 60 frequencies will eventually

provide worldwide coverageprovide worldwide coverage Data link coverage in polar regionsData link coverage in polar regions Multiple frequencies per site, multiple sites per Multiple frequencies per site, multiple sites per

aircraftaircraft

Page 24: ATN Air-Ground Subnetworks

SummarySummary

ATN SARPs include the following air/ground ATN SARPs include the following air/ground subnetworks:subnetworks:– VHF digital link (VDL)VHF digital link (VDL)– satellite link (satcom)satellite link (satcom)– Mode S data linkMode S data link– HF data link (HFDL)HF data link (HFDL)

VDL Mode 2 will be the first operational ATC linkVDL Mode 2 will be the first operational ATC link