atoll 3.1.2 gsm gprs edge
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ATOLL GSM/GPRS/EDGE FEATURES
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Training Programme
1. GSM/GPRS/EDGE Concepts
2. GSM/GPRS/EDGE Planning Overview
3. Modelling a GSM/GPRS/EDGE Network
4. GSM/GPRS/EDGE Predictions
5. Neighbour Allocation
6. Frequency Plan Analysis
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1. GSM/GPRS/EDGE Concepts
GSM/GPRS/EDGE Overview
Frequency Hopping Overview
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GSM/GPRS/EDGE Overview
TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access)
8 Timeslots per frame
• 1 user per TS in FR
• 2 users per TS in HR
• Use of codec modes (e.g. Half-Rate) to
compress voice and increase network
capacity in good radio conditions
Signalling on BCCH
• Broadcast en TS 0
• Up to 7 TS for traffic (TCH)
Channel bandwidth = 200 KHz
Hierarchical Cell Structure (HCS)Optional definition of cell hierarchy (Umbrella, Macro, Micro, Pico, ..cells)
Traffic served on priority on highest priority layers
• Priority may not be respected for signal strength or mobility reasons
(e.g. pico cells dedicated to low mobility users)
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GSM/GPRS/EDGE Overview
Interference in GSM/GPRS/EDGE
Measured by C/(I+N) parameter
Occurring between co and adjacent channels
• Example : if on an overlapping area, a receiver is covered twice by the same channel and if the signal
strength received from the interferer is close to the serving signal strength, the receiver is interfered
Main issue of GSM/GPRS/EDGE• Reduction of capacity
• No service of codec modes
• No service of coding schemes
Solutions to interference
• Frequency hopping
• Frequency diversity in order to diversify the interferers• Against frequency selective fading
• Average interference level over all the mobile station assigned frequencies
• Uplink power control (currently not modelled in Atoll)
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Training Programme
1. GSM/GPRS/EDGE Concepts
2. GSM/GPRS/EDGE Planning Overview
3. Modelling a GSM/GPRS/EDGE Network
4. GSM/GPRS/EDGE Predictions
5. Neighbour Allocation
6. Frequency Plan Analysis
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2. GSM/GPRS/EDGE Planning Overview
2G Features Supported in Atoll
2G Workflow in Atoll
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2G Features Supported In Atoll
Multi-layers Networks (HCS)
Concentric Cells (Overlay/Underlay)
Inner and outer subcells
Dual band stations, multi-bands networks
Advanced Voice ModellingSupport of FR, HR, EFR, AMR
Quality Indicator Predictions (BER, FER, MOS)
GPRS and GPRS/EDGE Networks
Support of standard EDGE (EGPRS) and EDGE evolution (EGPRS2)
Modelling of Traffic ParametersDimensioning of Multi-technology Networks
Coding Scheme, Throughput and BLER Predictions
Frequency Hopping
Base Band Hopping/Synthesized Frequency Hopping
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2G Workflow In Atoll
Open an existing project or
create a new one
Network Configuration
- Add Network Elements
- Change Parameters
Basic Predictions
(Best Server, Signal Level)
User-defined ValuesTraffic Maps Dimensioning
Required Number
of TRXs
Manual Frequency Allocation Automatic Frequency Allocation (AFP)
List of Frequencies
GSM/GPRS/EDGE Predictions
Prediction Reports
Frequency Plan Analysis
Neighbour Allocation
ACP
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Training Programme
1. GSM/GPRS/EDGE Concepts
2. GSM/GPRS/EDGE Planning Overview
3. Modelling a GSM/GPRS/EDGE Network
4. GSM/GPRS/EDGE Predictions
5. Neighbour Allocation
6. Frequency Plan Analysis
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3. Modelling a GSM/GPRS/EDGE Network
Resource Overview
Frequencies, BSICs and HSNs
Transmitter Parameters
Manual Resource Allocation
Automatic Resource Allocation : Overview
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Resource Overview
Resources to be managed
Frequencies
BSICs
HSNs
Management from the Parameters Explorer
Description of frequency bands
Definition of Domains and Groups
• Frequencies, BSICs, HSNs
• Splitting resources over validation domains:
• Domain = set of groups
• Group = set of resources (channels, BSICs, HSNs)
• Allocated resources must belong to the related domains
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Frequencies
Domains and Groups of frequencies
One frequency domain assigned to each TRX type per cell type
Frequencies allocated to TRXs manually or automatically (using an AFP)
Frequency band related
to the domain
Description of groups
• The group 1 contains all the channels between 55 and 87 except the channel 60.• The group 2 contains all the channels between 10 and 30 and the channel 35.
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BSICs
Domains and Groups of BSICs
BSIC – BCCH : cell identifier
Made of 2 codes
• Network colour code (NCC 07) + BTS colour code (BCC 07)
Default format : octal (base 8)
• NCC 5 + BCC 4 BSIC 54
Format selection in the transmitters context menu
Same procedure and GUI as the one available for frequency domain and group definition
One BSIC domain assigned to each transmitter
One BSIC allocated to each transmitter manually or automatically (using an AFP)
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HSNs
Domains and Groups of HSNs
HSNs (hopping sequence number)
• Random sequence generator
• Description of the frequency hopping sequence
• 64 available values [0..63]
• Pseudo-random sequences except HSN = 0 (cyclic hopping)
Same procedure and GUI as the one available for frequency domain and group definition
One HSN domain assigned to each TRX type per cell type
One HSN allocated to each subcell per transmitter manually or automatically (using an AFP)
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Transmitter Properties : General Tab
Transmitter Parameters
HCS layer which the
transmitter belongs to
Specific layer
admission threshold
(optional) which
overwrites the default
layer threshold
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Transmitter Parameters
Transmitter Properties : TRXs Tab (1/2)
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Frequency band
related to the BCCH
subcell frequency
domain (used by
propagation
models)
Transmitter identification
parameters: BCCH, BSIC
domain and BSIC value
(NCC-BCC)
Choice of a cell type =
Template for Subcells
• Each transmitter must
refer to a cell type
(mandatory)
• Initialisation of subcell
parameters in
transmitters
Specific max number of
TRXs
(Only used for
Dimensioning)
Allowed propagation
range for the considered
transmitter
Reselect offset used for
the best idle mode
reselection criterion (C2)
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Transmitter Parameters
Transmitter Properties : TRXs Tab (2/2)
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Subcell settings
• properties initialised by
the values given to the
selected cell type
• Parameters related to
dimensioning
• Parameters related tofrequency hopping
List of TRXs
• Allocated channels
(automatic or manual)
• Parameter related to
frequency hopping
Button to access the
selected subcell property
dialogue
Scrolling box to select
the different views of the
subcell table (Standard,
Traffic Data, AFP
Indicators)
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Manual Resource Allocation (1/3)
Allocation of frequencies for each requested TRX of a subcell
1 BCCH TRX mandatory
Depends on the hopping mode defined in subcells
• Non hopping or BBH mode : 1 frequency per TRX
• SFH : 1 frequency list per TRX + MAIO
Depends on the allocation strategy : group constrained or free
• Group constrained: only frequencies belonging to a same group in a frequency domain which are not
excluded for a given subcell can be allocated
• Free: all the frequencies of a frequency domain excepted the ones excluded from the subcell can be
allocated
Allocation of the BCCH and the BSIC to each transmitter
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Manual Resource Allocation (3/3)
Allocation of frequencies in the TRX table
By copy-paste
Using the table generic import
• From any ASCII text file
• From any table exported using the generic export feature within Atoll
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Automatic Resource Allocation Overview (1/2)
Generic dialogs in Atoll for any AFP model
Possibility to allocate
Frequencies, Frequency Hopping Groups (MALs), HSNs, MAIOs, BSICs
Possibility to select AFP-dependant strategies
Azimuth-oriented allocation, optimisation of the number of TRXs to increase the correctly
served traffic, …
Goal of AFP
Find optimal allocations that minimise interferences over the network and comply with a set of
constraints (separation, frequency domain limitation)
Principle of an AFP model
Convergence criterion based on a cost function
The cost function consists of two main components
• Cost component due to interferences
• Cost component due to separation constraint violations
The AFP model tries to minimise the value of the cost function
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Automatic Resource Allocation Overview (2/2)
AFP Process
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AFP Launching
AFP Results
AFP Progress
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Training Programme
1. GSM/GPRS/EDGE Concepts
2. GSM/GPRS/EDGE Planning Overview
3. Modelling a GSM/GPRS/EDGE Network
4. GSM/GPRS/EDGE Predictions
5. Neighbour Allocation
6. Frequency Plan Analysis
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Available Predictions
Coverage Predictions
Basic Quality Predictions
• Interfered areas prediction
• Coverage by C/I level
Circuit Service Dedicated Prediction
• Circuit Quality Indicators
Packet Service Dedicated Predictions
• Coding Scheme coverage
• Packet throughput coverage
Point Analysis
Reception and Interference Analysis at a Given Point
Principles
Prediction Calculated for a given frequency plan
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Definition of Service Areas in GSM/GPRS/EDGE
Definition of the service zone of each transmitter
Selection of the server
• All
• Best signal level
• Second best signal
• Best signal level per HCS layer
• Second best signal level per HCS layer
• HCS servers
• Highest priority HCS server
• Best idle mode reselection criterion (C2)
• Using the reselection offset defined at the transmitter level
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Definition of Service Areas in GSM/GPRS/EDGE
Network Model
Stations
• 3 tri-sectors base stations on a micro layer
• 1 omni base station on a macro layer
• 1 omni base station on an umbrella layer
Cells
Layers
Mobilities
• 3 mobilities defined in the network : pedestrian (3, 50 and 90 km/h)
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Definition of Service Areas in GSM/GPRS/EDGE
All Servers
• No competition between cells and between layers
• Overlapping of all the layers
• Border of each cell defined by its BCCH reception
threshold (-105/-102 dBm)
-102 dBm-105 dBm
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Definition of Service Areas in GSM/GPRS/EDGE
Best Server
• Layers not considered
• Competition between cells whatever their layer is
• No overlapping
• Border of each cell defined by its BCCH reception
threshold (-105/-102 dBm) and its ability to be the best
server
Bestserver
limits
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Definition of Service Areas in GSM/GPRS/EDGE
Best Server per HCS Layer
• One best server prediction per layer
• Competition between cells on each different layer
• Overlapping between layers is possible
• Border of each cell defined by its BCCH reception
threshold (-105/-102 dBm) and its ability to be the best
server on each layer
-105 dBm
Best server
limits on the
micro layer
-102 dBm
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Definition of Service Areas in GSM/GPRS/EDGE
Second Best Server per HCS Layer
• One second best server prediction per layer
• Competition between cells on each different layer
• Overlapping between layers is possible
•Border of each cell defined by its BCCH reception
threshold (-105/-102 dBm) and its ability to be the second
best server on each layer
Only 1 server on the macro layer
and on the umbrella layer
No second best server on these
layers
2nd best server
limits on the
micro layer
-102 dBm
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Definition of Service Areas in GSM/GPRS/EDGE
Highest Priority HCS Server
• Competition between cells and between layers
• On each pixel, the coverage corresponds to the best
server on the highest priority layer, assuming the highest
priority is defined by the priority value (0:lowest) if the
received signal level exceeds the HCS layer threshold.
• Overlapping between layers is not possible
• Border of each cell defined by its BCCH reception
threshold (-105/-102 dBm), its HCS admission threshold(-105/-90-84 dBm) and its ability to be the best server on
the highest priority layer
• In the case of same priority, the server with the highest
signal level difference from its layer threshold is selected.
-105 dBm
-84 dBm
-90 dBm
Zones where the
micro layer has
the highest
priority
Zones where the micro
and the macro layers
have an higher priority
than the umbrella layer
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Definition of Service Areas in GSM/GPRS/EDGE
Server with the Best Idle Mode Reselection Criterion (C2)
• Layers not considered
• Competition between cells whatever their layer is
• No overlapping
• C1 = reception level - subcell reception threshold
When C1>0, C2 = C1 + cell reselection offset
• Border of each cell defined by its BCCH reception
threshold (-105/-102 dBm) and its ability to have the bestC2
Best C2criterion
limits
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Basic Quality Predictions (1/6)
Generic Dialog for all the predictions (General, Condition, Display tabs)
Available Coverage Prediction Templates
Coverage by C/I level prediction: global analysis of the network quality
Interfered areas prediction: areas where a Rx is interfered
Definition of the zone to study in the Condition Tab
Definition of the service zone of each transmitter
Server selection
• All
• Best signal level / second best signal
• Best signal level per HCS layer / second best signal level per HCS layer
• HCS servers• Highest priority HCS server
• Best idle mode reselection criterion (C2)
Shadowing considered or not + Cell Edge Coverage Probability
Indoor coverage or not (receiver located indoor)
Subcell or user-defined reception thresholds
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Basic Quality Predictions (2/6)
Interference Condition
Interference studied on a TRX type (or All)
Calculation of C/I and comparison with upper and lower thresholds
• Subcell or user-defined C/I thresholds
Optional Interference Computations
• Consideration or not of the receiver noise N (or user-defined value)
• Consideration of C/I levels satisfied by at least one TRX or the worst one
• Possibility to evaluate interference level on a specific channel
• Separated study of the contribution of co and/or adjacent channels, external sources of interferences
(e.g. UMTS network)
• Modelling of the DTX with a voice activity factor
• Consideration of the traffic load per subcell
• Detailed results
• NH : per TRX type
• BBH : per TRX type and MAL
• SFH : per TRX type and MAL-MAIO
Colouring depending on attributes
C/I level, Max C/I level, Min C/I level
Transmitter
Any transmitter attribute...
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Basic Quality Predictions (3/6)
Coverage by C/I Level Prediction
Global analysis of the network quality
Filter the useful
signal
Filter C/I
values
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Interference
calculation options
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Coverage by C/I Level Prediction
Basic Quality Predictions (4/6)
Overlapping zones
with a lower quality
(low C/I)
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Basic Quality Predictions (5/6)
Interfered Zones Prediction
Areas where a Rx is interfered
Interference
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Filter the useful
signal
Filter C/I
values
Threshold under whichinterferences are
considered
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Basic Quality Predictions (6/6)
Interfered Zones Prediction
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Areas where the receiver is
interfered (where the C/I is lower
than the user-defined threshold)
on the HCS server areas
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Circuit Service Dedicated Predictions (2/6)
Codec Configurations in Terminals (Optional)
Type of optional configuration
containing the possible codec modes
which can be supported by the
current terminal
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Circuit Service Dedicated Predictions (3/6)
Generic Dialog for all the Predictions (General, Condition, Display tabs)
Principles
Coverage by FER, BER or MOS according to the radio conditions (C/N or C/I+N) and the
possible codecs for terminals and transmitters
Definition of the Zone to study in the Condition Tab
Definition of the Service Zone of each transmitter
Server selection
• All
• Best signal level / second best signal
• Best signal level per HCS layer / second best signal level per HCS layer
• HCS servers• Highest priority HCS server
• Best idle mode reselection criterion (C2)
Shadowing considered or not + Cell Edge Coverage Probability
Indoor coverage or not (receiver located indoor)
Subcell or user-defined reception thresholds
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Circuit Service Dedicated Predictions (4/6)
Interference Condition
Consideration or not of the receiver noise N (or based on a user-defined value)
Filter on interfered TRX types (or all)
Optional interference computations
• Separated study of the contribution of co and/or adjacent channels, external sources of interferences
(e.g. UMTS network)
• Modelling of the DTX with a voice activity factor
• Consideration of the traffic load per subcell
Quality Indicator Calculation
Based on defined codecs
• Depending on radio conditions (C/N or C/I+N)
• Consideration of the receiver noise N (or user-defined value)
• Consideration of specific terminal and mobilities for compliancy with selected terminals and mobilities in
codec configuration
Colouring depending on Quality Indicators
BER, FER, MOS
Best BER, best FER, best MOS
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Circuit Service Dedicated Predictions (5/6)
Circuit Quality Indicators
Type of CQI displayed
(BER, FER or MOS)
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Circuit Service Dedicated Predictions (6/6)
Circuit Quality Indicators
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Overlapping zones with a lower
quality and consequently where
the BER is higher
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Packet Service Dedicated Predictions (1/10)
Coding Scheme Configurations in Transmitters
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Type of configuration containing thepossible coding schemes which can be
served by the current transmitter
Defines the capability (or not)of the station to support or not
packet-switched traffic
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Packet Service Dedicated Predictions (2/10)
Coding Scheme Configurations in Terminals (Optional)
Max supported GPRS or
EDGE CS by the terminal
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Support of voice only
(GSM) or packet switched
traffic (GPRS or
GPRS\EDGE)
Type of optional configuration containing
the possible coding schemes which can
be supported by the current terminal
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Packet Service Dedicated Predictions (3/10)
Generic Dialogs (General, Condition, Display tabs)
Available Coverage Prediction Templates
GPRS/EDGE Coding Scheme
• Coding Schemes selected according to assigned Coding Scheme configuration and radio conditions
Throughput Predictions
• RLC/MAC throughput/TS: gross throughput directly obtained from Coding Schemes
• Application throughput/TS: obtained from RLC/MAC Throughput + scaling factor and offset defined per
service
• Max throughput: Application throughput/TS multiplied by the number of TS available per connection
(defined in Terminals – number of available TS + number of available carriers in case of EGPRS2 - and
in Services)
• User throughput: Max throughput reduced by the reduction factor due to user multiplexing as defined in a
selected dimensioning model
Quality Predictions
• BLER obtained from the difference between the served RLC/MAC throughput/TS and the maximum
RLC/MAC throughput/TS that the served Coding Scheme can provide.
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Packet Service Dedicated Predictions (4/10)
Definition of the service zone of each transmitter
Server Selection• All
• Best signal level / second best signal
• Best signal level per HCS layer / second best signal level per HCS layer
• HCS servers
• Highest priority HCS server
• Best idle mode reselection criterion (C2)
Shadowing considered or not + Cell Edge Coverage ProbabilityIndoor coverage or not (receiver located indoor)
Interference Condition
Consideration or not of the receiver noise N (or user-defined value)
Filter on interfered TRX types (or all)
Optional interference computations• Separated study of the contribution of co and/or adjacent channels, external sources of interferences
(e.g. UMTS network)
• Modelling of the DTX with a voice activity factor
• Consideration of the traffic load per subcell
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Packet Service Dedicated Predictions (5/10)
GPRS/EDGE Specific Options
Limitation to GPRS or EDGE Coding Schemes only (or both)
Min Coding Scheme between C and C/I graphs or max Coding Scheme between C/N and
C/I+N graphs
Ideal link adaptation (selection of the Coding Scheme providing the highest throughput)
Consideration of specific terminal and mobilities for compliancy with selected terminals and
mobilities in codec configuration
Possibility to colour the pixels depending on
Coding Scheme, Best Coding Scheme
Throughput per timeslot, best and average throughput per timeslot
• RLC/MAC Throughput/TS
• Application Throughput/TS
Effective Throughput per connection, best and average effective throughput per connection• Max Throughput
• User Throughput
BLER or max BLER
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P k S i D di d P di i (6/10)
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Packet Service Dedicated Predictions (6/10)
GPRS/EDGE Coding Schemes
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P k t S i D di t d P di ti (7/10)
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GPRS/EDGE Coding Schemes
Packet Service Dedicated Predictions (7/10)
Overlapping zones
with a lower quality
and consequently
with a lower Coding
Scheme
High quality areas
of a purely GPRS
transmitter
CS4
High quality areas of a
EDGE-capable
transmitter
MCS9
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High quality areas of
a EGPRS2-capable
transmitter
DBS11
P k t S i D di t d P di ti (8/10)
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Packet Throughput and Quality
Packet Service Dedicated Predictions (8/10)
Selection of a propagation model to extract from
it the throughput reduction factor due to user
multiplexing – Only used in User Throughputs
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P k t S i D di t d P di ti (10/10)
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RLC/MAC and Application Throughputs
Packet Service Dedicated Predictions (10/10)
Application throughput
reduction compared to
RLC/MAC throughput
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P i t I t f A l i (1/3)
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Point Interference Analysis (1/3)
Interference Window of Point Analysis Tool
Selection of potentially interfered transmitter
Indoor reception or not (receiver located indoor)
Filter on interfered TRX type (or all)
Filter on interferers
• Possibility to consider any combination of co-channel, adjacent channel or external interferences (e.g.
UMTS network)
Possibility to consider or not the receiver noise N
Analysis
• NH : per TRX type
• BBH : per TRX type and MAL
• SFH : per TRX type and MAL-MAIO
Std deviation type (model or C/I) + Cell Edge Coverage Probability
Reduction factor on signal and interference levels represented by partly filled bars
• Interfered reception bar: reduction due to power offset
• Interferer reception bars: reduction due to power offset, adjacent channel protection level, fractional
load, mean power control
Display on the map of interferers and related contributions to total interference
• Differentiation between co-channel and adjacent channel interferers
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P i t I t f A l i (2/3)
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Point Interference Analysis (2/3)
Interference Tab in Point Analysis Window
Display of co-
channel
interference
Signal level
(C) of the
potential
victim at thereceiver
Transmitters participating in
the noise determination
Resulting C/I or C/I+N value
Studied
transmitter,
subcell and
TRX
Received noise
(I) from
surrounding co-
and adjacent
channels at the
receiver
Interference area
based on C/I
conditions
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Display of
adjacent channel
interference
Interference
types
Point Interference Analysis (3/3)
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Details Tab in Point Analysis Window
Point Interference Analysis (3/3)
Signal level and
interference level
for each received
transmitter on the
receiver location
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Interference area
based on C/I
conditions
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5 Neighbour Allocation
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5. Neighbour Allocation
Detailed information about Neighbour Allocation is available in Atoll_3.1.0_Neighbours.pdf
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6 Frequency Plan Analysis
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6. Frequency Plan Analysis
Network Consistency Checking
Find On Map Tool
Frequency Histograms
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Find On Map Tool (1/4)
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Find On Map Tool (1/4)
Tool to visualise channel and BSIC reuse on the map
Possibility to find transmitters which are assigned a given :
• Channel (of a specified type – broadcast or not)
• BCCH-BSIC pairs
• HSNs
• MAIOs
• Any combination of any resource
Possibility to generate a report listing all the transmitters that use the searched channel (co-channel) and its adjacent channels
Possibility to generate a report listing all the transmitters that use the searched (BSIC-BCCH)
pair
Possibility to generate a report listing all the transmitters that use the searched (Channel-
HSN) pair
Way to use this tool
Create and calculate a coverage by transmitter with a colour display by transmitter
Open the Find on Map tool available in the toolbar
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Find On Map Tool (2/4)
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Find On Map Tool (2/4)
Channel Reuse on the Map
Select the “GSM Channel” option
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Colours given to transmitters
• Red: co-channel transmitters
• Orange: co-channel transmitters and different subcell
• Yellow: multi-adjacent channel (-1 and +1) transmitters
• Green: adjacent channel (-1) transmitters
• Blue: adjacent channel (+1) transmitters
• Grey + Thin Line Symbol: other transmitters
Search type
Search
options
Find On Map Tool (3/4)
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BSIC-BCCH Reuse on the Map
Select the “BSIC-BCCH Pair” option
Find On Map Tool (3/4)
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Colours given to transmitters
• Red : searched transmitters
• Grey : others
Search type
Search options
(BSIC given in value
or in NCC-BCC)
Find On Map Tool (4/4)
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Channel-HSN Reuse on the Map
Find On Map Tool (4/4)
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Colours given to transmitters
• Red : searched transmitters
• Grey : others
Search type
Search
options
Frequency Histograms
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Frequency Histograms
Display of the Frequency Distribution
Available by selecting frequency plan and channel distribution… in the transmitters folder
context menu
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THANK YOU!