atomic structure and the periodic table. notes: write down important vocabulary words as we go...
TRANSCRIPT
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Atomic structure and the Periodic Table
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Notes: Write down
important vocabulary words
as we go through today’s Power Point.
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Review:Subatomic Particles as listed in a
block on the period table.
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Proton: p+, positively charged particle, in nucleus.
Neutron: no, no charge , in nucleus.
Electron: e-, negatively charged particle, in electron levels, filled by lowest energy levels first with a max pair in each energy level.
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Atomic number = the number of protons.
Average Atomic mass = the number of protons plus the
average number of neutrons in the nucleus.
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Isotopes – atoms of an element with differing amounts of
neutronsThe average atomic mass is the average mass of a mixture of isotopes that occur in nature.
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Ions – atoms of an element with differing amounts of electrons.
If electrons do not equal protons, we call it an ion, not an atom.
Ions will have a positive or negative charge.
Do not confuse ions and isotopes. Ions –different amounts of
electrons.
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An atom has no charge so there is an equal number of electrons and protons. Remember that the mass is the total number of neutrons and protons.
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Bohr Modeling:Bohr Models are one of the most used models. Even though the orbit shapes are not correct, the
model is very useful and explains most chemical behavior.
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Bohr Models
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The Bohr Model of the Atom One of the simplest working
models of the atom is that developed by Niels Bohr. In this,
a central nucleus containing protons and neutrons is orbited by electrons. The electrons are arranged in shells or energy
levels.
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Bohr Model:1. Nucleus in the center with protons and neutrons.2. Electrons in different orbit levels.3. Larger Orbits represent electrons with more energy.
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Electrons in shells nearer the nucleus have lower energy than
those farther away.
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Today’s model of an atom is a dense positively charged nucleus surrounded by a negative cloud of
electrons and is based on probability
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Electron cloud - the region around the nucleus of an atom
with a 90% or high probability of finding an electron
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Periods – there is a period for each electron level.
1st electron level only has 2 atoms.
2nd electron level only has 8 atoms.
3rd electron level has 18 atoms.
1s1
2s2 2p6
3s2 3s63d10
1s2
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Groups or Families: Up and Down
Have Similar Properties.
Look at back of book, on top of Group for group name.
Left side is group 1 or 1A.
US uses number 1, Europe uses 1A.
Right side is group 18.
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Left Group 1 is called Alkali Metals.
Left 2nd Group 2 is Alkaline Earth Metals.
Rightmost Group 18 is Noble Gases.
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Electron Dot Structure
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Electron dot structure = represent the electrons in the outermost
shell
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Never more then 8 dots, these dots will allow us to predict how
the element reacts
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How many dots would go around these atoms?
Cl
Li
Na
Mg
C