1AtomsandElements

ScienceMiddle6thGradeSt.George'sCollegeNovember,2008

2Name OralIntervention Coin Chocolate

Ariana

Abraham

Fabiana

Liliam

Francesca

Luis

Luciana

Andres

Valeria

Stefano

Diego

CamilaG.

Ramiro

Sara

Alicia

Ivanna

CamilaM.

Aaron

Paola

LuisFernando

Enrique

Sebastian

Irma

Naomi

Kiara

Middle6thAAtomsandElements

3Brainstorming:HowisMatterpresentin

Nature?

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4Name OralIntervention Coin Chocolate

Nicole

Andrea

Sinead

RodrigoC.

Antonella

Valeria

JeanPierre

Analucia

RodrigoH.

Luis

Franco

Sergio

Giancarlo

Fiorella

Gabriela

Alonso

Steffano

Diego

Alessandra

Julio

Sherley

Sophia

Vilma

Christopher

Middle6thBAtomsandElements

5Brainstorming:HowisMatterpresentin

Nature?

attracts

repels

contains

6Objectives IdentifyanAtomanditsmajorparts. Describeanelement. Describeandcomparethepropertiesofmetals. Recognizehowtheelementsaregroupedintheperiodictable. Identifyacompoundasacombinationoftwoormoreelements. Describewhatachemicalformularevealsaboutamolecule.

Note:Mostoftheobjectiveswillbecoveredinclass,howeverthestudentmustberesponsibleforthoseobjectivesnotcoveredorconcluded.

7VocabularyNucleus:thecenterofanatom.Proton:asubatomicparticlewithapositivecharge.Neutron:asubatomicparticlewithnocharge.Electron:asubatomicparticlewithanegativecharge.Element:asubstancemadeupofonlyonekindofatom.Atom:thesmallestunitofanelementthathasallthepropertiesofthatelement.Molecule:agroupoftwoormoreatomsjoinedtogether.Periodictable:thetableofelementsinorderofincreasingatomicnumber,groupedbysimilarproperties.Compound:asubstancemadeoftheatomsoftwoormoredifferentelements.

Note:Mostofthevocabularywordswillbecoveredinclass,howeverthestudentmustberesponsibleforthosewordsnotcoveredorconcluded.

8Lesson 1:What are Atoms and

Elements?

9TheAtomicTheory Democritus(400BC)proposedthatmatterwasnotmadeofparticles.Thistheorywasacceptedfor2000years. Bytheearly1800s,johnDaltonproposedanatomictheoryofmatterthatwasbasedonexperimentalevidence.Histheoryisthatallmatterismadeupoftinyparticlescalledatoms.

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TheStructureofanAtom Atomsaremadeupofevensmallerparticlescalledsubatomicparticles.Thenucleusistheverytinycenterofanatom. Thenucleusismadeupofprotonsandneutrons. Aprotonisasubatomicparticlewithapositivecharge. Aneutronisasubatomicparticlewithnocharge.therestofanatomismadeupofelectrons,whichsurroundthenucleus. Anelectronisasubatomicparticlewithanegativecharge.

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Elements Anelementisasubstancemadeupofonlyonekindofatom. Anatomisthesmallestunitofanelementthathasallthepropertiesofthatelement. Eachelementhasanatomicnumber,whichisthenumberofprotonsinoneatomofthatelement.Therearemorethan115elements;mostofthemthatoccurnaturally,butsomearemadeinthelaboratoryunderartificialconditions. Theatomsofmostelementsdonotoccuralone.Instead,theyarelinkedtogether. twoormoreatomslinkedtogetherformamolecule.

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Metals Elementsareclassifiedbytheirproperties.About25%ofelementsarenonmetals.Therestaremetals. Allmetalsexceptmercuryaresolidatroomtemperature. Metalshavefamiliarproperties:lusterorshininess,malleableorhammeredintothinsheets,ductilebecausetheycanbeformedintowires,goodconductivity(electricandthermal).

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Lesson 2:What are

Compounds?

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ThePeriodicTable Elementscanbegroupedtogetherbecausetheyhavesimilarproperties. In1869DmitriMendeleevorganizedelementsbytheiratomicmasses,showingpredictablepatterns. Itwasfoundlaterthatanorderbasedonthenumberofprotonsinoneatomofanelementisbetterthanonebasedonatomicmass. Inthemodernperiodictable,elementsarearrangedinorderofatomicnumber. Elementswithsimilarpropertiesareinthesamecolumn,calledgroup.Elementsfromthesamegrouphavethesamenumberofeintheouterenergylevelsoftheiratoms. Thearrangementofegiveselementstheirchemicalproperties.

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Compounds Acompoundisasubstancemadeoftheatomsoftwoormoreelements. Achemicalformulashowswhichelementsandhowmanyatomsofeachareinacompound. Whenatomsjointoformacompound,theyundergoachemicalchange. Thepropertiesofthecompoundaredifferentfromthoseoftheelementsinit. Compoundscanalsoreactwitheachother.Whencompoundsreact,theychange,andformnewproducts.

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Attachments

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SMART Notebook

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