attachment 117441 2010 03 efficient dynamics english

8/9/2019 Attachment 117441 2010 03 Efficient Dynamics English

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BMW Forschung u. Technik GmbH.25th Anniversary of a Think Tank.

Efficient Dynamics.


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Efficient Dynamics.Contents.

Introduction.

Hydrogen engines.

Reformer system.

Fuel cell as Auxiliary Power Unit.

Fuel cell hybrid vehicle.

Hybrid research.


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Efficient Dynamics.Our strategy is sustainable.

Hydrogen

Electricity

Significantly CO2-reduced drivingwith carbon based energy sources

CO2-less drivingwith alternativeenergy sources

Low rollingresistance

Highly efficientcombustion engines

Situative and active energy management

Hints forefficient driving

Use of wasteenergy

Intelligentlightweight

construction

ActiveHybrid

Best of Hybrid

Range ExtenderOptimizedTransmission


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Efficient Dynamics.The Most Important Challenges.

New storage systems for electricity and hydrogen.

Combustion engines and electric motors with highspecific performance and efficiency.

Cost effective hybrid systems.


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Efficient Dynamics.Future hydrogen vehicles aiming at:1 kg H2/100 km.

integratedlight-weight tank

intelligent energymanagement

with asmallfuel cell

highpowerdensity

Monovalent vehicle,function-related Design

Infrastructurecoverage


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Efficient Dynamics.Research in hydrogen engines.


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Efficient Dynamics.Research in hydrogen engines.

Milestones

2005: Sports-car engine with cryogenic mixture formationrecord for naturally aspirated H

2

enginesspecific performance 67 kW / l displacement

2007: Single-cylinder research engine with Otto geometryrecord for turbocharged H2 enginesspecific performance 109 kW / l displacement

2009: Single-cylinder research engine with Diesel geometryrecord for H2 engineseffective efficiency e = 43 %


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Efficient Dynamics.H2 four-cylinder engine with sportive genes.

Two small BMW subsidiariesachieve something great.

BMW Forschung und Technik GmbH:

H2 technology with cryogenic mixture formation

Record for naturally aspirated H2 engines:specific performance 67 kW / l displacement

BMW M GmbH:sports-car engine for high rpm


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Efficient Dynamics.H2 single-cylinder research enginewith Otto geometry.

High Tech for maximum performance.

with high-pressure H2 direct injection

Record for turbocharged H2 engines:specific performance 109 kW / l displacement


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Efficient Dynamics.H2 single-cylinder research enginewith Diesel geometry.

High Tech for maximum efficiency.

with high-pressure H2 direct injectionand a very high compression ratio

Record for H2 engines:effective efficiency e = 43 %

this corresponds with the best conventional Dieselengines even after a very short development time


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Efficient Dynamics.Reformer System.


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Efficient Dynamics.Reformer System. Emission potential.

EU51)- emission resultsfor petrol resp. reformer operation(warmed up).(petrol results = 100 %)

1) EU5- limits:HC= 0,1 g/km;NOx= 0,06 g/km;CO= 1 g/km

0

20

40

60

80

100

1 2 3

Emissionen

[%]

Benzin- Betrieb Reformat- Betrieb: Messung (Potential)

Kohlenwasserstoffe (HC) Stickoxide (NOx) Kohlenmonxid (CO)

-61,0

(-87,0

)%

-51,1

(-78,3

)%

-52,6

(-78,1

)%


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Efficient Dynamics.Reformer System. Functionality.

POX-Reformerfuel + air

( 0,33) Heat

Reformate

Q

H2+ CO + 2 N280 %

20 %

N2

COH2

catalyst

injector


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Efficient Dynamics.Reformer-System. Functionality.

Air

FuelAir

Fuel

Reformate


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Efficient Dynamics.Fuel cell as Auxiliary Power Unit.


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Quick Refueling

Gasoline,Diesel, H2

ElectricPower


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5 kW High Efficiency

Office

Air Condition

CityCruising

Mobile Powerplant


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Car IntegrationFirst fuel cell

1997 2000 2003 2006 2009

System package


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High EfficiencyUltra low Pressure PEM System(no supercharger)

Extended liftime5000h (vehicle lifetime)succesfully confirmed

Reduced System complexity

Internal humidificationLower costs

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Wirkungsgrad

Leistung [kW]

LebensdauerbeginnG EN IV

LebensdauerbeginnG EN III

FC Stack

Air Hydrogen

RecirculationPump

0 5 00 1 00 0 1 50 0 2 00 0 2 50 0 3 00 0 3 50 0 4 00 0 4 50 0 5 00 0 5 50 0

Zykluszeit[h]

SpannungStack[V]

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45


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Cooling by Evaporation

Advanced water management

Natural Water Drainage(supported by gravity)

Reduced startup and shutdown time



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Freeze Capability Validated200 Starts without degradation

Result Summary Freeze Test



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Efficient Dynamics.Fuel cell hybrid vehicle.


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Efficient Dynamics.Fuel cell hybrid vehicle.

50 km

zero emissionarea

Driving without limitsin performance, range,availability and usable space

Interurban driving withcombustion engine

Electric driving in theinner city with a fuel cell

Accelerationwith both engines


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Efficient Dynamics.Fuel cell hybrid vehicle.1. step in a BMW 1 series.

standard hydrogencylinders

electric backupstorage:supercaps

electro-engine82 kW

PEM fuel cell 5 kW

voltage transformer

combustion engine

ff


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Efficient Dynamics.Propulsion concepts. Effort-range ratio.

Storagecosts/volume/

weight

Range

Battery-electricvehicle

small fuel cell+ small e-storage+ EM + VM

Effi i D i


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Efficient Dynamics.Hybrid research.

Effi i D i


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Efficient Dynamics.Evolution of Electric Powertrain.

1994

518i Parallel Hybridwith NiMH battery

1995

316i Serial Hybridwith NaNiCl battery

2003

X5 Activetransmissionwith supercaps

2005

X3 Full Hybrid withactive transmission,battery andsupercaps

1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

Hybrid

Electro

1972

BMW 1602with lead batteries

1987

BMW 325with NaS battery

1992

BMW 325with NaNiCl battery

1993

BMW E1with NaS battery

Effi i t D i


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Efficient Dynamics.BMW 5 Series 3rd generation parallel hybrid(1994).

Combined Driving with internal combustion engine / electric motor

A B

C

D

E F

A = Internal combustion engine

B = ClutchC = Electric motor

D = Transmission

E = Power electronics

F = Battery

Basic vehicle: BMW 518i

4-cyl. -1.8l petrol engine, 83 kWAsynchronous electric motor,

18 kW, peak 26 kW/165 Nm

NiMH battery 3,5 kWh

Electric range 11 km

Effi i t D i


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Efficient Dynamics.BMW 3 Series 3rd generation series hybrid(1995).

5 kW permanent charge output is adequate for city driving

AB

C

D

E E


B = GeneratorC = Electric motor

D = Battery

E = Power electronics

Basic vehicle: BMW 316i

4-cyl. -1.6l petrol engine, 40 kWPermanent magnet synchronous motor,

31 kW continuous output, max. 35 kW

NaNiCl battery, electric range 38 km

Effi i t D i


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Efficient Dynamics.Evolution hybrid drive, system development.

Parallel Hybrid: optimum balance between cost and benefit

Serial Hybrid Parallel HybridTorque-split Hybrid

Effi i t D i


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Efficient Dynamics.Evolution of hybrid drive, componentdevelopment.

Minimisation of space requirements by integration of electric motor intransmission

No hydrodynamicConverter

Electric motorin transmission

Effi i t D i


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Efficient Dynamics.Evolution of hybrid drive, system architecture.

E-engine

Oil pump

Internal combustion engineClutch 1 Clutch 2

Automatic transmission

Effi i t D i


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Efficient Dynamics.Evolution of hybrid drive, electric storage.

Supercap

high powerdensity

high durability

very fast charge

and dischargecycles possible

Efficient Dynamics


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Efficient Dynamics.BMW X5 Power Assist ( 2003).

Improved driving pleasure


B = Power inverter

C = Electric engineD = Transmission

E = Drive management

F = Super Caps

Basic vehicle: BMW X5

8-cyl. 4.4l petrol engine, 210 kW

5-speed automatic transmission without converter

Asynchronous electric motor 14 kW continuous outputmax. 70 kW/660 Nm (electric), > 1000 Nm combined

Super Cap energy storage 650 kWs

Efficient Dynamics


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Premises

Integration as add-on solution

No additional package space requiered

Low cost of Hybrid system by Design toRequirement and optimized packageintegration

Efficient Dynamics.BMW Concept X3 EfficientDynamics (2005).

Super Caps

Battery

Activetransmission

Efficient Dynamics


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Efficient Dynamics.BMW Concept X3 EfficientDynamics (2005).

DCDC

Power inverter

Electric motor

Electric motor, clutches, powerinverter and DC/DC converterintegrated in the transmission

Active transmission

Efficient Dynamics


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Efficient Dynamics.Thank you for your attention.

attachment 117441 2010 03 efficient dynamics english

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