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Urban Development through Land UsePlanning and Management

Experience of Singapore andComparative Study with Ho Chi Minh City

Faculty Advisor: Professor Seetharam K. EASWARAN

Mentor: Mr Kah Ping SEOW Director URA IntlStudent: Minh-Quang LE NGUYEN

Urban Redevelopment Authority Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy

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Summary

I. Introduction

II. Land use Planning & Management in Singapore

Strategy Process Implementation

Land use Planning for Housing and TransportationIII. Land use Planning & Management in HCMC

Strategy Process Implementation

Interviews with Planners and Authorities

IV. Lessons from Singapore experiencesV. Recommendations



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Total area: 2100 km2

Population: 7.0M Density : 3300 inhab/km2

GDP per capita (PPP):7,700 USD

15 years experiences in

Land Use Planning and Mgt

Ho Chi Minh CityI. Introduction



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Singapore

Total area: 710 km2

Population: 4.9M

Density : 6900 inhab/km2

Independence 1965

GDP per capita (PPP) in2009: 50,500 USD

45 years experiences inLand Use Planning and

Management

Most liveable city in Asia,3th in the world



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II . Land Use Planning and Management in Singapore

Concept Plan and Master Plan :

comprehensive,

forward-looking

and integrated

planning framework

forsustainable development.

Singapore Land Use Planning - Strategy



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v Concept Plan :

strategic land useand transportationplan

=> long-term development over 40 to 50 years



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v Master Plan derived from the Concept Plan

with permissible land useand density

for the development in the next 10 to 15 years



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Singapore Land Use Planning - Process

vConcept Plan- Prepared : by Urban Redevelopment Authority (URA)

in collaboration with government agencies.

- Revised : every 10 years

- Consultation : Lifestyle Survey, Online Survey,

Focus group, Public Forum,

vMaster Plan

- Prepared : by URA - collaborative effort between

government agencies.

- Revised : every 5 years- Consultation : post implementation review, site visits,

intergovernmental review, exhibition;



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Singapore Land Use Implementation

vGovernment Land Sale program :- Integral part of the Land use Planning

- Government Key Instrument to respond to the market

- Monitor and guide the market

vDevelopment Control :

- Ensure all properties developed and used according to theMaster Plan

- Protect the interests of the community while caring of theindividual and business needs

- Balance between facilitating developments

and minimizing adverse impact on

neighboring properties



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SGP Land Use Planning for Housing

- URA drafts the Concept Plan and Master Plan.

- Housing Development Board (HDB) involved in HDB townplanning

- HDB is the member of the Master Plan Committee (MPC)

presided by URA.



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SGP Land Use Planning for Transportation

- Land Transport Authority(LTA) works closely with

URA at the conceptualstage

effective transportation

planintegrated with the landuse plan.

- LTA+URA proposedecentralizing activities and

reducing congestionfromthe Central Area

by having regionaland

sub-regional centres



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HCMC Land Use Planning - Strategy

Master Plan - Detail Guide Plans - Detail Development Plans

comprehensive, forward-looking and integrated

planning framework for sustainable development.

v Master Plan (1/5,000):strategic land useand transportation plan

long-term development over the next 15-20 years

v Detail Guide Plans (1/2,000) : derived from the Master

plan for the development in the next 5-10 yearsv Detail Development Plans(1/500)

for specific projects



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Ho Chi Minh City (then Saigon)

Saigon - 1945Saigon - 1867

III . Land Use Planning and Management in HCMC



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Ho Chi Minh City



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HCMC Land Use Planning - Process

vMaster Plan :

- MP1993 & MP1998: prepared by the Ministry ofConstruction in collaboration with relevant Ministries

- MP2010: prepared by the Nikken Sekkei (JPN) in

collaboration with Department of Zoning & Architecture

(DZA) and relevant Departments.- Revision : according to the socio-economic change

- Consultation : through universities and experts only

v Detail Guide Plans :

- Initially prepared by the DZA then delegated to Districts.

- Revision : when there is new MP or important change

- Consultation : none.



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HCMC Land Use Planning - Process

Master Plan 2010

Detail Guide Plan District 1



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HCMC Land Use Implementation

vGovernment Land Sale program :

- not effectively an integral part of the land use planning

- neither a key instrument of the government to respond tothe market demand nor to monitor and guide the market

- rather a source of the citys revenue

v Development Control :

- Dept. of Construction (DOC) => quality of building projects

- Dept. of Transport (DOT) => quality of infrastructure works

- Recently-established team of the DZA => Land use

Planning (Plot ratio, Height, Form, Facilities connections)



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Interviews with the Planners and Authoritiesof HCMC on Land use Planning

vMr. Nguyen Hoai NamVice Director of DZA (5 Jul 2010)

- The MP 2010 prepared essentially by Nikken Sekkei (JPN)

=> sensitive areas (military or defense) not covered

=> might affect the overall Master Plan in future.- Consultation made with the universities and professionals

but not with the business community and residents

=> lack of effectiveness and efficiency.

- Devolve the preparation of DGPs to the Districts level

=> not the most effective way (delayed > 10 years)



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Interviews with the Planners and Authoritiesof HCMC on Land use Planning

vMr. Nguyen Van Hiep Vice Director of DOC (6 Jul 2010)

- DOC does not play an active role in Housing Planning,

=> lack of coordination, not pro-active

- Detail Development Plans prepared by developers

=> not maximize the utilities+ infrastructure & rentseeking

- Lack of indication for reserved land for future development

v Mr Tran Quang Phuong Director of DOT (7 Jul 2010)

- DOT proposed the Master Plan of Transportationincorporated in the City Master Plan.

- However, the realization is quite debatable due to thecoordination between agencies and the site clearance.



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Singapore versus Ho Chi Minh City

v Similarities

Asian dynamic cities with high density of population.

(6900 inhab/m2 - 3300 inhab/m2)

High rate of GDP growth and urbanization.

(8-10%)

Political stability with powerful ruling party(PAP VNCP)

IV . Lessons from Singapore experiences



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Nearly 15 years of experience45 years of experiencesExperience

Different Depts involvedUnder integrated Agency (URA)Developt. Control

Many Depts involved

Master Plan Detail Guide

Plans Detail Devlpt. Plans

The integrated agency (URA)

Concept Plan - Master Plan

Development Guide Plan

Land Use Planning

Structure

Land is property of the people

Law on Land requires

agreement of stakeholders

Land mainly state-owned

Land Acquisition Act sets

powerful and useful tool

Legal framework of

Land Use

City Govt. < Central Govt.

Reunification in 1975 but still

have border war until 1980

Socialist with market oriented

economy

Limited revenue

Govt. for whole city-state

Independent since 1965 and

continuously developed

Market driven with government

intervention

Abundant revenue

Politico-socio-

economy

City @ 2,100 km2 + 7M inhab.City state@ 700 km2 + 5M inhab.Geography

Ho Chi Minh CitySingapore

vDifferences



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Lessons from Singapore experiences

Strategy Key tool for the socio-economic development

Clearly setting out the vision of Planning according to theevolvement of the socio-economy of the country

Making Planning a comprehensive, forward-looking and

integrated framework for sustainable development Process

An integrated & holistic Agency in charge (URA)

Planning & Management done in top-down & bottom-up

Consultation made on regular and methodical basis

o Not replicable

Land Acquisition Act

Financial Power



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Challenges of Ho Chi Minh City

J How to make comprehensive,long-term and integrated planning

for a sustainable development ?

J How to make a congestion-free city

with efficient transport system

and various, affordable housing ?

J How to develop the the CBD

whilst protecting the historic centerand how to develop new urban requiring

heavy investments for infrastructure ?



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V . Recommendations

FFinance Strategically monitor and optimize the Land Sale program Develop and encourage more PPP projects for infrastructure

and urban development

F Process

Streamline and reorganize the structure of Planning andManagement : DZA must be the integrated and empoweredAgency in charge

Planning and consultation must be in both directionTop-down and Bottom-up

F Strategy

Change the vision to undertake the Land Use Planning andManagement : the rudder for the development direction.



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