Attending to Misconceptions in Science Class with Concept Maps

Some Common MisconceptionsHeat is a substanceHeavier objects fall faster than

lighter objects.Seasons are caused by the

earth’s changing distance from the sun.

Positively charged atoms have gained protons

Dinosaurs and cavemen lived at the same time.

Where do they get these ideas?

Knowledge is constructed from past experience and prior knowledge.

Students come to science class with misconceptions, preconceptions or alternative conceptions already formed as a result of their interactions with the world.

CONCEPT MAPS MAKE THINKING VISIBLE

WHAT ARE CONCEPT MAPS?• Concept maps are graphical tools

for organizing and representing knowledge.

They include concepts, usually enclosed in circles or boxes of some type, and relationships between concepts indicated by a connecting line linking two concepts.

The concepts are represented in a hierarchical fashion.

Concept mapping can provide:The big pictureA graphic for the knowledge to

be learnedA tool to link new knowledge to

prior knowledge and experienceAn assessment toolA gauge of student

understandingA method to identify

misconceptions

Node is the name for important terms or concepts.

Nodes are usually depicted with circles drawn around the term or concept, such as the nodes for "Living Things" and "Plants" drawn above.

Lines between nodes show which concepts are related. The label on the line tells how or in what way the concepts are related.

For example, plants "are" living things.

Concept mapping helps students To elaborate their conceptual

understandingsTo recognize their misconceptionsTo modify knowledge structuresTo develop critical thinking skillsTo make meaning of their

learning

Concept maps encourage meaningful learning as students build on prior knowledge

Example of a concept map that shows why the earth has seasons

Facilitating concept mappingConstrained tasks are tasks which restrict the student to a supplied list of concepts and/or link words or use a fill in the blank approach.

Intermediate tasks are those that specify a list of concepts to be used, but place little or no other restrictions on how the map can be drawn.

Open-ended tasks supply a small number of prompt concepts, and otherwise do not restrict how the map may be drawn.

Facilitating concept mapping Provide a focus questions to

provide a context for the map

An example of an intermediate task with a focus question

Steps to creating a concept map1. Write down the major terms or concepts

you know about a selected topic. 2. Write each concept or term on a separate

piece of paper or 3 x 5 card.3. Sort through the cards, putting terms you

do not understand to one side. Also put aside those that are not related to any other term. The cards left over are the ones used to construct the concept map.

4. Arrange the cards so that related terms are close to each other.

5. Stick the cards to a piece of paper as soon as you are satisfied with the arrangement. Leave a little space for to draw and lable lines.

6. Draw lines between the terms you think are related.

7. Write on each line the nature of the relationship between the terms. Here is what the terms above might look like after we draw the lines

Create a concept map • How is matter related to elements and compounds or • What is the relationship between heat and energy

Misconceptions influence how students interpret and construct new conceptions in science lessons

Pupils not exposed to the tools to synthesize information from multiple sources are handicapped at integrating and reconciling of concepts.