attitudes & actions of monarchy & court
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Attitudes & actions of monarchy & court. Fear of Counter-Revolution. Religious divisions. The Causes of Instability in France 1792 - 1795. Economic Crises. Political divisions. War. The Jacobins. Jacobin Meeting House. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Attitudes Attitudes & actions & actions
of of monarchymonarchy& court& court
Attitudes Attitudes & actions & actions
of of monarchymonarchy& court& court
Fear ofFear ofCounter-Counter-RevolutiRevoluti
onon
Fear ofFear ofCounter-Counter-RevolutiRevoluti
onon
ReligioReligiousus
divisiodivisionsns
ReligioReligiousus
divisiodivisionsns
PoliticPoliticalal
divisiodivisionsns
PoliticPoliticalal
divisiodivisionsns
WarWarWarWar
EconomiEconomicc
CrisesCrises
EconomiEconomicc
CrisesCrises
The Causes of The Causes of Instability in FranceInstability in France
1792 - 17951792 - 1795
The Causes of The Causes of Instability in FranceInstability in France
1792 - 17951792 - 1795
The JacobinsThe JacobinsJacobin Meeting HouseJacobin Meeting House
They held their meetings in the They held their meetings in the library of a former Jacobin library of a former Jacobin monastery in Paris.monastery in Paris.
Started as a debating society.Started as a debating society.
Membership mostly middle Membership mostly middle class.class.
Created a vast network of clubs.Created a vast network of clubs.
The The Sans-Culottes:Sans-Culottes:The Parisian Working The Parisian Working
ClassClass Small Small
shopkeepers.shopkeepers.
Tradesmen.Tradesmen.
Artisans.Artisans.
They shared many of They shared many of the ideals of their the ideals of their
middle class middle class representatives in representatives in
government!government!
The Political The Political SpectrumSpectrum
JacobinJacobinss
MontagnarMontagnardsds
(“The (“The Mountain”)Mountain”)
GirondistsGirondistsMonarchíeMonarchíe
nn(Royalists)(Royalists)
1790s:1790s:The PlainThe Plain
(swing (swing votes)votes)
TODAY:TODAY:
The Politics of the The Politics of the National Convention National Convention
(1792-1795)(1792-1795)MontagnardsMontagnards Girondist
sGirondist
s Power base in Paris.Power base in Paris.
Main support from the Main support from the sans-culottessans-culottes..
Would adopt extreme Would adopt extreme measures to achieve their measures to achieve their goals.goals.
Saw Paris as the center of Saw Paris as the center of the Revolution.the Revolution.
More centralized [in Paris] More centralized [in Paris] approach to government.approach to government.
Power base in the Power base in the provinces.provinces.
Feared the influence Feared the influence of the of the sans-culottessans-culottes..
Feared the Feared the dominance of Paris dominance of Paris in national politics.in national politics.
Supported more Supported more national national government government centralization centralization [federalism].[federalism].
The Reign of TerrorThe Reign of Terror
Terror is nothing other than Terror is nothing other than justice, prompt, severe, inflexible.justice, prompt, severe, inflexible. -- Robespierre-- Robespierre
Let terror be Let terror be the order of the order of
the day!the day!c The Revolutionary The Revolutionary
Tribunal of Paris alone Tribunal of Paris alone executed 2,639 executed 2,639 victims in 15 months.victims in 15 months.
c The total number of The total number of victims nationwide victims nationwide was over 20,000!was over 20,000!
The Guillotine:The Guillotine:An “Enlightenment An “Enlightenment
Tool”Tool”??Oh, thou charming guillotine, Oh, thou charming guillotine, You shorten kings and queens;You shorten kings and queens;
By your influence divine,By your influence divine,We have re-conquered our We have re-conquered our
rights.rights.Come to aid of the CountryCome to aid of the Country
And let your superb instrumentAnd let your superb instrumentBecome forever permanentBecome forever permanentTo destroy the impious sect.To destroy the impious sect.
Sharpen your razor for Pitt and Sharpen your razor for Pitt and his agentshis agents
Fill your divine sack with heads Fill your divine sack with heads of tyrants. of tyrants.
Different Social Different Social Classes Executed Classes Executed
28%
31%
25%
8%
7%
Why was there a Why was there a RevoltRevolt
in the in the VendeeVendee??1.1. The need for 300,000 French troopsThe need for 300,000 French troopsfor the war effort.for the war effort.
2.2. Rural peasantry still highly taxed.Rural peasantry still highly taxed.3.3. Resentment of the Civil Constitution Resentment of the Civil Constitution
the Clergy.the Clergy.4.4. Peasants had failed to benefit fromPeasants had failed to benefit from
the sale of church lands.the sale of church lands.
TARGETS:TARGETS:Local government Local government officialsofficialsNational GuardsmenNational GuardsmenJurying priestsJurying priests
Religious Terror:Religious Terror:De-Christianization De-Christianization
(1793-1794)(1793-1794) The Catholic Church was linked The Catholic Church was linked withwithreal or potential counter-revolution.real or potential counter-revolution.
Religion was associated with theReligion was associated with theAncien RégimeAncien Régime and superstitious and superstitiouspractices.practices.
Very popular among the Very popular among the sans-sans-culottesculottes..
Therefore, religion had no place in Therefore, religion had no place in aarational, secular republic!rational, secular republic!
The De-Christianization The De-Christianization ProgramProgram
1.1. The adoption of a new The adoption of a new Republican Republican CalendarCalendar::
abolished Sundays & religious holidays.abolished Sundays & religious holidays. months named after seasonal features.months named after seasonal features. 7-day weeks replaced by 10-day 7-day weeks replaced by 10-day
decades.decades. the yearly calendar was dated fromthe yearly calendar was dated from
the creation of the Republic the creation of the Republic [Sept. 22, 1792][Sept. 22, 1792]
The Convention symbolically divorced The Convention symbolically divorced the state from the Church!!the state from the Church!!
The New Republican The New Republican CalendarCalendarNew Name Meaning Time Period
Vendemaire Vintage September 22 – October 21
Brumaire Fog October 22 – November 20
Frimaire Frost November 21 – December 20
Nivose Snow December 21 – January 19
Pluviose Rain January 20 – February 18
Ventose Wind February 19 – March 20
Germinal Budding March 21 – April 19
Floreal Flowers April 20 – May 19
Prairial Meadow May 20 – June 18
Messidor Harvest June 19 – July 18
Thermidor Heat July 19 – August 17
Fructidor Fruit August 18 – September 21
A New Republican A New Republican Calendar YearCalendar YearI 1792 – 1793
II 1793 – 1794
III 1794 – 1795
IV 1795 – 1796
V 1796 – 1797
VI 1797 – 1798
VII 1798 – 1799
VIII 1799 – 1800
IX 1800 – 1801
X 1801 – 1802
XI 1802 – 1803
XII 1803 – 1804
XIII 1804 – 1805
XIV 1805
The Gregorian System returned in 1806.
The De-Christianization The De-Christianization ProgramProgram2.2. The public exercise of religion wasThe public exercise of religion was
banned.banned.
3.3. The Paris Commune supported the:The Paris Commune supported the: destruction of religious & royal statues.destruction of religious & royal statues. ban on clerical dress.ban on clerical dress. encouragement of the clergy to give up encouragement of the clergy to give up
their vocations.their vocations.
4.4. The Cathedral of Notre Dame in Paris The Cathedral of Notre Dame in Paris was turned into the was turned into the “Temple of Reason.”“Temple of Reason.”
5.5. The deportation of priests denounced byThe deportation of priests denounced bysix citizens.six citizens.
The “Temple of The “Temple of Reason”Reason”
Come, holy Liberty, inhabit this Come, holy Liberty, inhabit this temple, temple,
Become the goddess of the French Become the goddess of the French people.people.
The Festival of The Festival of Supreme BeingSupreme Being
A new secular holidayA new secular holiday
The The Radical’s Radical’s
Arms:Arms:
No God!No God!No Religion!No Religion!
No King!No King!No No
Constitution!Constitution!
The “Thermidorean The “Thermidorean Reaction,” Reaction,” 17941794P July 26 July 26 Robespierre gives a Robespierre gives a
speech illustrating speech illustrating newnew plots & conspiracies. plots & conspiracies.
he alienated members of the CPS he alienated members of the CPS & CGS. & CGS.
many felt threatened by his many felt threatened by his implications.implications.
P July 27 July 27 the Convention arrests the Convention arrests Robespierre. Robespierre.
P July 28 July 28 Robespierre is tried & Robespierre is tried & guillotined! guillotined!