attitudes learning objectives: 1) understand the nature and origin of attitudes. 2) explore the...
TRANSCRIPT
ATTITUDESLearning Objectives:
1) Understand the nature andorigin of attitudes.
2) Explore the influences of attitudeson sporting performance and lifestyle.
5 min starter:
What are your attitudes towards these athletes?
What do you think these athletes’ attitudes are?WHY?
ATTITUDES IN SPORTATTITUDE:
A pre-disposition (mixture) of beliefs or feelings or behaviours towards an attitude (object, something, someone).
• a combination of beliefs and feelings about :– objects– people– situations– (called attitude objects)
• this predisposes us to behave in a certain way towards them
• learned or organised through experience (Bandura.......??)
• evaluative• they lead us to think and behave positively or negatively• about an attitude object
• tend to be deep seated• and enduring• but can change or be changed (Bandura.......??)
Attitudes
What are your attitudes towards these athletes?
What do you think these athletes’ attitudes are?
WHY?Beliefs and feelings towards.....
Learned through ......... ExperiencesBehave positively/ negatively because.....
How do others behave towards them/you??
Either for you OR one of the athletes pictured, re-think
your starter Q.
PREJUDICE AND SPORT STEREOTYPESNEGATIVE STEREOTYPES • women in strength, endurance and
contact sports
• participation of the disabled in physical activity
• older age groups interest and ability at sport
• participation of particular ethnic groups in specific sports or positions within teams
• examples : – the black quarterback in American
Football– the black sprinter– the white skier / swimmer
Attitudes
PREJUDICE• a prejudgement of a person,
group, or situation• usually based on inadequate
information• or inaccurate or biased
information• which reinforces stereotypes
• example : – women are often excluded
from male dominated sports clubs or events
POSITIVE STREOTYPES• Favouritism
FORMATION OF ATTITUDES
Attitudes
FOR M ATI ON OFATTI TUD ES
friendsm edia
prejudice
pastexperiences
teacherscoaches
peers
fam ily
Socialisation:Interaction with others that
may modify behaviour.
Culture:• religion
• race• peer groups• social class
POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE ATTITUDES TO SPORT
POSITIVE ATTITUDES• has a positive physical self-
concept• satisfaction from participation in
sport• believe sport promotes health• success at sport• willing to try new activities• encouraged by significant others• participates regularly• opportunity to participate
Attitudes
NEGATIVE ATTITUDES• had negative experiences at
sport• have lifestyle which makes
regular sport difficult• find sport frustrating• lack encouragement• unlikely to participate in sport• have a negative self concept• find sport boring
COMPONENTS OF ATTITUDE - THE TRIADIC MODEL
Attitudes
ATTI TUD Eto regular exercise
COGNI TI VEknow ledge and beliefs
exam ple : fitness trainingkeeps m e fit
BEHAVI OURALintended behaviour
exam ple : I attend trainingsessions regularly
AFFECTI VEfeelings and em otions
exam ple : I enjoy training
Exam Q’s• Jan 2011
Having a good attitude towards sport or physical activities is often regarded as important for success and to maintain a healthy lifestyle.
Identify what is meant by an attitude and describe the components of attitudes that young people might have towards sport and health.
[4]
• Specimen
Identify the cognitive, affective and behavioural components of a positive attitude towards participation in sport and towards following an active and healthy lifestyle.
Identify the influences that might affect such an attitude.
[5]
ATTITUDE CHANGE BY PERSUASION AND COGNITIVE DISSONANCE
PERSUASIVE COMMUNICATION• the person must
– pay attention– understand– accept– retain– the message being given
• the coach must– be expert– be trustworthy
• the message must– be clear– be unambiguous– be balanced between emotion and
logic– be balanced between pros and
cons
COGNITIVE DISSONANCE• the person must
– be consistent between• cognitive• affective• behavioural components
• the person must be consistent between different elements
• cognitive dissonance occurs hence attitudes must change
– if two factual elements of attitude conflict
– example : the smoker who knows that smoking is bad for health
Attitudes
MEASUREMENT OF ATTITUDESBY OBSERVATION• related to actual events as they are
happening• difficult to quantify or measure• open to interpretation by observer
USING PHYSIOLOGICAL TESTS• indicators such as
– blood pressure– skin conductivity– brain activity (ECG)
• can be interpreted to indicate telling the truth
– about an attitude object• measurable• independent of observer• but takes a long time to set up
requiring special apparatus
QUESTIONNAIRES• only as good as the questions asked• measurable using
– Thurstone scale– Likert scale– Osgood’s Semantic Differential
Scale
Attitudes
Guttman Scaling
Thurstone Scaling
General Scalinghttp://www.socialresearchmethods.net/kb/scalgen.php