GERMAN ATV RULES AND STANDARDS

WASTEWATER - WASTE

ADVISORY LEAFLET ATV M 143-3 Inspection, Repair, Rehabilitation and replacement of Sewers and Drains, Part 3: Relining April 1993 ISBN 3-934984-42-8

Marketing: Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Abwassertechnik e.V. (GFA) Theodor-Heuss-Allee 17 D-53773 Hennef Postfach 11 65, 53758 Hennef

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At the time of preparation the following were members of the ATV Working Group 1.6.5 "Rehabilitation and Replacement of Drains and Sewers" which produced this Advisory Leaflet: Prof. Dr.Ing. Stein, Bochum (Chairman) Dipl.-Ing. Adler, Köln Dipl.-Ing. Ant, Bonn Dr.-Ing. Beyert, Aachen Dipl.-Ing. Blome, Bielefeld Dipl.-Ing. Bloomfield, Oberhausen Dipl.-Ing. Buchholz, Berlin Dipl.-Ing. Chwastek, Witten Dipl.-Ing. Flick, Köln Dipl.-Ing. Hoffmann, Pirmasens Dipl.-Ing. Holzhausen, Frankfurt Dipl.-Ing. Hoppe, Hamburg Dipl.-Ing. Koch, Stuttgart Dipl.-Ing. Kusche, Vreden Dipl.-Ing. Müller, Schieder-Schwalenberg Dipl.-Ing. Müsch, Mainz + Dipl.-Ing. Petry, Heusenstamm Dipl.-Ing. Schulte, Köln Dipl.-Ing. Schulz, Brüggen Dipl.-Ing. Siebert, Oststeinbeck 2 Dipl.-Ing. Wagner, Berlin Guests: Dipl.-Ing. Brochier, Feldkirchen Dr.-Ing. Drewniok, Leipzig The Advisory Leaflet presented here has been prepared within the framework of the ATV committee work, taking into account the ATV Standard A 400 "Principles for the Preparation of Rules and Standards" in the Rules and Standards Wastewater/Waste, in the January 1994 version. With regard to the application of the Rules and Standards, Para. 1 of Point 5 of A 400 includes the following statement “The Rules and Standards are freely available to everyone. An obligation to apply them can result for reasons of legal regulations, contracts or other legal grounds. Whosoever applies them is responsible for the correct application in specific cases. Through the application of the Rules and Standards no one avoids responsibility for his own actions. However, for the user, prima facie evidence shows that he has taken the necessary care. All rights, in particular those of translation into other languages, are reserved. No part of this Advisory Leaflet may be reproduced in any form by photocopy, microfilm or any other process or transferred or translated into a language usable in machines, in particular data processing machines, without the written approval of the publisher. © Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Abwassertechnik e.V. (GFA), St. Augustin (now Hennef) 1993 German original produced by: Rheinischer Landwirtschafts-Verlag GmbH, Bonn

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Contents

1 Preamble.....................................................................................................................4

2 Area of Application ....................................................................................................4

3 Basic Preconditions and Basic Requirements........................................................4

4 Planning and Task Preparation ................................................................................4

5 Relining Methods .......................................................................................................5

5.1 Brief Description.....................................................................................................5 5.1.1 Pipe Relining....................................................................................................5 5.1.2 Wound Tube Relining ......................................................................................5 5.1.3 Hose Relining...................................................................................................5 5.2 Materials ................................................................................................................5 5.3 Areas of Employment.............................................................................................5 5.3.1 Types of Sewer ................................................................................................5 5.3.2 Forms of Damage ............................................................................................6 5.3.3 Object for Damage Repair ...............................................................................6 5.4 Implementation ......................................................................................................6 5.4.1 Preliminary Tasks ............................................................................................6 5.4.2 Procedure ........................................................................................................6 5.4.3 Tests and Final Tasks ......................................................................................8 6 Notes...........................................................................................................................8

6.1 Filling of the Annular Space ...................................................................................8 6.1.1 Materials ..........................................................................................................8 6.1.2 Procedure ........................................................................................................8 6.1.3 Verification .......................................................................................................8 6.1.4 Tests ................................................................................................................9 6.2 Statics ....................................................................................................................9 6.2.1 General Information .........................................................................................9 6.2.2 Calculations .....................................................................................................9 6.3 Side Inlets ............................................................................................................ 10 6.4 Quoted Standard Specifications and Standards ..................................................10 6.4.1 DIN Standard Specifications .......................................................................... 10 6.4.2 ATV Rules and Standards Wastewater – Wastes.......................................... 10

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1 Preamble In August 1984, due to the hazard potential for the environment, in particular for the groundwater and the soil which comes from existing public and non-public sewers and drains, ATV established Working Group 1.6.5. This was tasked to deal with questions on the maintenance of sewer systems and to prepare the technical rules for these. With the repair of damage there is a diversity of experience available for relining procedures. The Working Group therefore decided, first, to set up a standard procedure description for relining methods. Appropriate descriptions of other methods are to follow.

2 Area of Application This Advisory Leaflet applies for all public and non-public sewers, connections and house drains including the associated structures1).

3 Basic Preconditions and Basic Requirements The application of a relining procedure always presupposes that a reduction in cross-section can be accepted. The rehabilitation object must be, at least in the short term, stable and must allow the application of the interior liner (inliner). Therefore relining cannot be applied for the following types of damage unless these are completely or partially corrected and the resultant consequences are accepted: - collapse - positional deviation (vertical, horizontal) - cross-sectional deformation - obstructions in the cross-section. Relining is applicable for the normal operational conditions for wastewater sewers (Wastewater in accordance with ATV Standard A 115, DIN 1986, Pt. 3). Operational conditions which deviate (e.g. industrial production waters) require a specific selection of material. Fundamentally, one has to reckon with a limitation of operations during the construction period (e.g. temporary placing out of service). The sewer rehabilitated by using relining must, in accordance with the generally recognised rules of technology, be watertight, stable and resistant to physical, chemical and biological attack by the wastewater and also capable of resistance against mechanical attack through sewer cleaning.

4 Planning and Task Preparation

ATV Advisory Leaflet M 143, Pt. 1, "Inspection, Repair, Rehabilitation and Replacement of Sewers and Drains - Principles", in Sect. 8 contains notes for the planning and task preparation which are also to be observed with the application of relining procedures.

--------------------- 1) The terms "connections" and "house drains": see DIN 1986, Pt 1. Referred to below collectively as "sewers".

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5 Relining Methods 5.1 Brief Description

5.1.1 Pipe Relining Pipe relining is classified as the drawing in or insertion of pipes into existing sewers. The following methods are differentiated: Short pipe relining takes place via existing shafts Long pipe relining takes place via open cut Pipeline relining as a rule takes place via open cut with pipes which are longer than the open cut

5.1.2 Wound Tube Relining With wound pipe relining a circular, spiral pipe is wound from a band-shaped profile and at the same time introduced into the existing sewer. The feeding together of the band-shaped profile is interlocking in the form of a tongue and groove joint, whereby, additionally, welding or gluing can take place.

5.1.3 Hose Relining A hose made of carrier material, which can be covered with foil is soaked in a reaction resin, which is then, via a shaft, turned inside-out in the sewer using water or air pressure, or is drawn into the sewer with the aid of a winch. Hardening takes place at normal temperature using the addition of heat or UV-light under internal pressure. A sleeveless liner results which must closely fit the existing sewer positively and which can be bonded to it.

5.2 Materials Fundamentally all materials suitable for wastewater can be applied. Up until now the pipe materials listed in Table 1 have, inter alia, been used for pipe relining. Details on the characteristics of the pipes should be taken from the applicable standard specifications. Table 1: Pipe materials and Standard Specifications

Material In accordance with PE-HD PP PVC-U Fibre cement Vitrified clay PC

DIN 19537 DIN (=/( (Basic form) DIN 19565 DIN 19534 DIN 19840/19850 DIN EN 295 -

Inter alia, previously PVC-U or PVC-HI, based on DIN 8061 (Basic Standard Specification), have been employed for wound pipes. With hose relining resins, carrier and reinforced materials as well as additives in accordance with DIN 18820 have been used.

5.3 Areas of Employment

5.3.1 Types of Sewer Pipe and hose relining can be carried out in man-accessible and non-accessible sewers of any cross-section both with free-flow as well as with pressure pipelines.

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The applicability of hose relining is limited in the man-accessible range through the weight of the hose to be moved and static boundary conditions. Wound pipe lining is applied primarily in circular form in free-flow sewers of any shape of cross-section.

5.3.2 Forms of Damage Relining can be used with all forms of damage (see ATV Advisory Leaflet M 143, Pt. 1, Sect. 5) if the damaged pipes have a sufficiently large cross-section or if this can be produced beforehand. With the forms of damage of flow obstruction, positional deviation, deformation beyond the permitted value with statically flexible pipes, formation of fragments, burst pipes and collapse pipe relining is applicable to a limited extent only so that special consideration is necessary. As with hose relining, the internal liner lies along the sewer wall, the cross-sectional shape of the liner corresponds with that of the sewer to be rehabilitated. With appropriate forms of damage there can be deviation from the original cross-sectional shape which are to be taken into account specially with static verification. Analogously this applies for pipeline relining insofar as the liner lies along the sewer wall.

5.3.3 Object for Damage Repair The object for damage repair is a sewer which has to be rehabilitated which is of at least section length. The applicability of different methods depends on the characteristics of the object to be rehabilitated (see Table 2).

5.4 Implementation

5.4.1 Preliminary Tasks A thorough inspection of the sewer to be rehabilitated, an exact survey of the side inlets and a monitoring of cross-section are prerequisites for the implementation. Obstructions are to be removed, the sewer is to be cleaned and calibrated. During the period of construction the sewer runoff capability is to be maintained and action is to be taken for the discharge of wastewater from side inlets.

5.4.2 Procedure With pipe relining the pipes are drawn or inserted into the sewer to be rehabilitated. Connection of the pipes takes place either within the sewer to be rehabilitated or on the outside. With wound pipe procedures a spiral pipe is produced on site from a shaft and is inserted into the sewer by rotation. In both cases the pipe must finally be fixed in its position. With relining procedures with annular space this must be filled in (see Sect. 6.1). With hose relining a hose is introduced into the sewer and hardened into an inliner, whereby the hardening process is observed by measurement (e.g. temperature change) and should be documented. Side inlets are connected with all methods using a special process (see Sect. 6.3). Connections to structures are to be made permanent and leakproof.

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Table 2: Applicability dependent on the object for rehabilitation

Relining procedure Pipe relining Wound pip relining Hose relining

Characteristics of the pipe to be rehabilitated Indepen-

dent Depen-

dent Not

appli-cable

Remarks Indepen-dent

Depen-dent

Not appli-cable

Remarks Indepen-dent

Depen-dent

Not appli-cable

Remarks

Type of material x - - - - Condition of the pipe wall

x Danger of damage for the

pipe to be inserted

x Danger of damage for the pipe which is to be inserted

x Danger of damage for the hose which is

to be inserted

Shape of cross-section

x - x Inliner circular cross-section only

x Special solutions possible with

deviation from the circular

Cross-sectional dimensions

x Dependent on the material of the pipe to be

inserted

x Normally in the non-accessible

area

x x Normally in the non-accessible area

Bends and curves

x Dependent on the size of radius and angle, and

on the material of the pipe to be

inserted

x - x Dependent on the size of radius and angle, and on the

material of the pipe to be inserted

Section length x - x - x - Structures x - x - x - Lateral inlets x Dependent on

type and condition of

bonding

x Dependent on type and condition of

bonding

x Dependent on type and condition of

bonding

Type of soil x - x - x - Groundwater level

x With filling of the annular space

danger of mixing or segregation of the filling material

x With filling of the annular space

danger of mixing or segregation of the

filling material

x -

Bedding conditions

x Applicable with sufficient bedding

x Applicable with sufficient bedding

x Applicable with sufficient bedding

Free-flow or gravity pipelines

x - x Primarily for gravity pipelines

x

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5.4.3 Tests and Final Tasks On Completion of the tasks the sewer, if required, is to be cleaned and inspected optically. Before the rehabilitated sewer is taken into service a test for watertightness should be carried out. This should give assurance that the inliner and all subsequently produced connections are leakproof. Free-flow pipelines are to be tested with water in accordance with or based on DIN 4033 in combination with ATV Standard A 139; pressure pipelines in accordance with or based on DIN 4279. As with wound pipe and hose relining the inliner is produced on site further tests are necessary such as, for example, with wound pipe relining circular rigidity and with hose relining wall thickness, flexural strength and bending modulus of elasticity. For these suitable samples are to be taken from the inliner. Finally the runoff capability is to be re-established to its full scope.

6 Notes

6.1 Filling of the Annular Space A remaining annular space is filled in, in order, inter alia, to achieve: - fastening of the inliner, - avoidance of infiltration of soil and water, - establishment of a definite bedding in the sewer, - even transfer of external loads, - avoidance of hazardous gas pockets.

6.1.1 Materials Sands, fluid hydraulically binding materials and foaming masses are, for example, used as filling materials. The materials used must be environmentally friendly, permanent and stable. With application the material must not separate and must be capable of providing a space-free filling. With fluid materials a compression resistance of at least 1 N/mm2 is to be maintained.

6.1.2 Procedure At the start and end of the section to be filled in the annular space is to be closed off so that the pressure of filling can be accepted and the filling process can be controlled. In order to avoid positional changes of the inliner during the filling process it is to be anchored against lifting. The filling of the annular space usually takes place from the lowest point of the section to be filled in. Care is to be taken to provide sufficient ventilation. Filling pressure and rate are to be so adjusted that a complete filling is achieved and the inliner, including connections and seals, can accept the filling pressure without damage. During the filling process the inliner should be filled with water. Precautions against the accidental filling of neighbouring open spaces, such as, for example, sewers, pipelines, etc. are to be taken.

6.1.3 Verification Safety against lifting is to be verified. The filling pressure and/or the expansion pressure of foaming materials is to be taken into account with the static calculation for the verification of buckling safety.

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6.1.4 Tests The actual filling quantity must at least correspond with the calculated quantity. The filling material must be free of bubbles at the outlet opening, must not separate or mix with the groundwater and must be capable of being checked, using samples, for the maintenance of the material characteristic values (e.g. density, degree of shrinkage, stability).

6.2 Statics

6.2.1 General Information A verifiable static calculation of the inliner is part of the preparation for damage repair using relining. For the formulation of the loading of an inliner it is to be decided whether the stability of the sewer to be rehabilitated still exists. Here one can differentiate only between stable and unstable. Inter alia it can be assessed by: - optical inspection, - material and soil examinations, - static post-calculation. Further criteria are given in ATV Advisory Leaflet M 143, Pt. 1, Sect. 7.

6.2.2 Calculations For all relevant construction and operational conditions at least the following verification is to be carried out: With rigid pipes: stress detection with flexible pipes: deformation, stability and, if required, stress verification Insofar as it is practical, verification is to be carried out based on ATV Standards A 127 and A 161. The material characteristic values are to be provably verified insofar as they cannot be extracted from Table 3 of ATV Standard A 127. The annular space filling may only be applied for the transfer of compression stresses on to the inliner. It is not taken into account with other verifications. With the dimensioning of the inliner there are two load cases to be differentiated: Load case 1 The sewer to be rehabilitated is stable. The inliner is subject only to external and/or internal water pressure. Load case 2 The sewer to be rehabilitated is unstable. The inliner is subject to all external and internal loading cases. A distribution of the loading on to the inliner and on to the sewer to be rehabilitated is to be excluded due to the usually different materials and the uncertain carrier relationships. With the determination of loading the following are to be taken into account: - earth and traffic load,

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- own weight and water filling, - if required, groundwater and internal pressure

6.3 Side Inlets Side inlets are connected using a special procedure. If the connection is produced externally in an open cut, the damaged pipe is to be opened as with a window and the inserted inliner is to be exposed. The connection is made using a suitable connection piece. If the connection is made internally or externally without open cut, suitable procedures are necessary. In the man-accessible range side inlets can be integrated from inside directly in situ.

6.4 Quoted Standard Specifications and Standards

6.4.1 DIN Standard Specifications DIN EN 295 Vitrified clay pipes and fittings and pipe joints for drains and sewers DIN 1986 Drainage and sewerage systems for buildings and plots of land - Part 3, Rules for

service and maintenance DIN 4033 Entwässerungskanäle und -leitungen [Sewers and drains] DIN 4279 Testing of pressure pipelines for water by internal pressure DIN 8061 Unplasticised polyvinyl chloride pipes (PVC-U) DIN 8078 Polypropylene (PP) pipes DIN 18820 Glass fibre reinforced unsaturated polyester (GF-UP) and phenacrylic (GF-PHA)

resin structural composites DIN 19534 Rohre und Formstücke aus weichmacherfreiem Polyvinylchlorid (PVC-Hart)

[Unplasticised polyvinyl chloride pipes and fittings (PVC-rigid)] DIN 19537 High density polyethylene (HDPE) pipes and fittings for sewers and drains DIN 19565 Centrifugally cast and filled polyester resin glass fibre reinforced (UP-GF) pipes and

fittings for buried drains and sewers. DIN 19840 Faserzement - Abflußrohre und Formstücke für Abwasserleitungen [Fibre cement

soil pipes and fittings for drains] DIN 19850 Asbestos cement pipes and fittings for drains an sewers

6.4.2 ATV Rules and Standards Wastewater – Wastes ATV A 115 Information on the Discharge of Wastewater into Public Sewer Facilities ATV A 127 Standards for the Structural Calculation of Drains and Sewers ATV A 139 Standards for the Fabrication of Sewers and Drains ATV A 161 Structural Calculation of Driven Pipes ATV M 143 Inspection, Repair, Rehabilitation and Replacement of Sewers and Drains Part 1: Principles