audit - accountant general - maharashtraagmaha.nic.in/report05.pdfthis chapter, in addition to...

Table of contents

iii

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Reference

Paragraph

Number

Page

Number

Preface vii

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

About this report 1.1 1

Audited Entity profile 1.2 1

Authority for audit 1.3 2

Organisational structure of the offices of the Principal

Accountant General (Audit)-I, Mumbai and the

Accountant General (Audit)-II, Nagpur, Maharashtra

1.4 3

Planning and conduct of audit 1.5 3

Significant audit observations 1.6 4

Lack of responsiveness of Government to Audit 1.7 6

CHAPTER II

PERFORMANCE AUDITS

Public Works Department

Widening, strengthening and upgradation of roads

from Central Road Fund, National Bank for

Agriculture and Rural Development and Thirteenth

Finance Commission funds

2.1 9

Food, Civil Supplies and Consumer Protection

Department

Implementation of Targeted Public Distribution

System in Maharashtra

2.2 30

CHAPTER III

AUDIT OF TRANSACTIONS

Non-compliance with rules and regulations 3.1

Water Resources Department

Blocking of funds and avoidable loss of interest 3.1.1 53

Avoidable extra expenditure 3.1.2 55

Extra expenditure 3.1.3 56

Extra expenditure and unintended benefit to a

contractor

3.1.4 58

Report No. 5 (Economic sector) for the year ended 31 March 2013

iv

Agriculture, Animal Husbandry, Dairy

Development and Fisheries Department

Loss of Interest 3.1.5 59

Audit against propriety/expenditure without

justification 3.2


Inadmissible payment 3.2.1 60

Unfruitful expenditure 3.2.2 61

Table of contents

v

APPENDICES

Appendix No. Details Page No.

1.1 Department-wise outstanding Inspection Reports /

Paragraphs issued up to December 2012 but

outstanding as on 30 June 2013

65

1.2 Statement showing number of paragraphs/reviews

in respect of which Government’s explanatory

memoranda had not been received

66

1.3 Department-wise position of PAC

recommendations on which Action Taken Notes

were awaited

67

2.1.1 Statement of sanction of works under CRF 68

2.1.2 Statement showing submission of same bitumen

invoices for multiple works

69

2.1.3 Delay in testing of concrete cubes 72

2.2.1 Categorisation of ration cards and entitlement of

foodgrains and other commodities 73

2.2.2 Differences in the figures of allocation and lifting

as furnished by FCI and Department during 2008-

2013

74

2.2.3 Allocation, lifting and lapsed quota of foodgrains

(wheat and rice) in the State during 2008-2013 75

2.2.4 Allocation, lifting and lapsed quota of foodgrains

(wheat and rice) in test-checked units during 2008-

2013

76

2.2.5 Difference in allotment and lifting of BPL Sugar as

per figures of selected units and the Department for

the period 2008-09 to 2012-13

77

2.2.6 Difference in allotment and lifting of APL Sugar as

per figures of selected units and the Department for

the period 2009-10 to 2010-11

79

2.2.7 Demand and allocation of kerosene during April

2008 to March 2013 80

3.1 Statement showing extra expenditure 81

3.2 Statement showing excess expenditure 82

1. This Report is prepared for submission to the Governor of the State of

Maharashtra under Article 151 of the Constitution of India.

2. The audit of expenditure by the Departments of the State Government

is conducted under Section 13 of the Comptroller and Auditor

General’s Duties, Powers and Conditions of Service Act, 1971.

3. This Report presents the results of audit of expenditure of the

Government of Maharashtra. The cases mentioned in this Report are

those, which came to notice in the course of test audit of accounts

during the year 2012-13 as well as those, which had come to notice in

earlier years, but could not be dealt with in the previous Reports;

matters relating to the period subsequent to 2012-13 have also been

included, wherever necessary.

4. The audit has been conducted in conformity with the Auditing

Standards issued by the Comptroller and Auditor General of India.

P R E F A C E

vii

Chapter I: Introduction

1.1 About this Report

This Report of the Comptroller and Auditor General of India (C&AG) on

Government of Maharashtra relates to matters arising from Performance Audit

of selected programmes and activities and Compliance Audit of Government

Departments and Autonomous Bodies falling under Economic Sector.

Compliance Audit refers to examination of the transactions relating to

expenditure of the audited entities to ascertain whether the provisions of the

Constitution of India, applicable laws, rules, regulations and various orders

and instructions issued by the competent authorities are being complied with.

On the other hand, Performance Audit examines whether the objectives of an

organization, programme or a scheme have been achieved economically,

efficiently and effectively.

The primary purpose of the Report is to bring to the notice of the State

Legislature, important results of Audit. Auditing Standards require that the

materiality level for reporting should be commensurate with the nature,

volume and magnitude of transactions. The findings of audit are expected to

enable the Executive to take corrective actions as also to frame policies and

directives that will lead to improved operational efficiency and financial

management of the organisations thus, contributing to better governance.

This chapter, in addition to explaining the planning and extent of audit,

provides a synopsis of the significant deficiencies in implementation of

selected schemes, significant audit observations made during the audit of

transactions and follow-up on previous Audit Reports. Chapter II of this

Report contains findings arising out of Performance Audit of two

schemes/projects - one on Public Works Department and other on Food, Civil

Supplies and Consumer Protection Department. Chapter III presents

observations on audit of transactions in Government Departments and

Autonomous Bodies.

1.2 Audited entity profile

The Departments in the Economic Sector in the State at the Secretariat level,

headed by Additional Chief Secretaries/Principal Secretaries/Secretaries and

assisted by Directors/Commissioners and subordinate officers and

Autonomous Bodies are audited by the Principal Accountant General

(Audit)-I, Mumbai and the Accountant General (Audit)-II, Nagpur.

A summary of the State Government’s fiscal operations during 2012-13

vis-a-vis the previous year is given in Table 1.

Report No. 5 ( Economic Sector) for the year ended 31 March 2013

2

Table 1: Summary of fiscal operations (` in crore)

2011-12 Receipts 2012-13 2011-12 Disbursements 2012-13

Section-A: Revenue Non-Plan Plan Total

121286.14** Revenue receipts 142947.23 123554.19 Revenue

expenditure 114205.90 24530.08 138735.98

87608.46 Tax revenue 103448.58 42852.88 General services 47058.81 606.86 47665.67

8167.70 Non-tax revenue 9984.40 54812.21 Social services 46869.64 15169.33 62038.97

13343.34 Share of Union

Taxes/Duties 15191.92 24868.75

Economic

services 18944.11 8606.71 27550.82

12166.64

Grants from

Government of

India

14322.33 1020.35

Grants-in-aid

and

Contributions

1333.34 147.18 1480.52

Section B: Capital

455.83 Miscellaneous

Capital Receipts 0.00 17879.54 Capital Outlay 2303.38 15094.60 17397.98

558.74

Recoveries of

Loans and

Advances

862.85 836.28

Loans and

Advances

disbursed

1415.94

24452.56 Public debt

receipts* 21725.12 6458.35

Repayment of

Public Debt* 6652.52

1000.00

Appropriation

from Contingency

fund

725.00 500.00

Appropriation

to Contingency

fund

875.00

511.20 Contingency Fund 875.00 1000.00 Contingency

Fund 734.62

53389.38 Public Account

Receipts 47059.63 46962.93

Public Account

Disbursements 35511.02

31509.39 Opening Cash

Balance 35971.95 35971.95

Closing Cash

Balance 48843.72

233163.24 Total 250166.78 233163.24 Total 250166.78 Source: Finance Accounts of the respective years

*Excluding ways and means advances on two occasions for eight days

(Receipt: ` 391.50 crore and Disbursement: ` 391.50 crore)

**Includes ` 170.23 crore, the outstanding central loans under Central Plan Schemes and Centrally

Sponsored Schemes advanced to State Governments by the Ministries other than Ministry of Finance

written off as per the recommendation of the Thirteenth Finance Commission

1.3 Authority for audit

The authority for audit by the C&AG is derived from Articles 149 and 151 of

the Constitution of India and the Comptroller and Auditor General's (Duties,

Powers and Conditions of Service) Act, 1971. The C&AG conducts audit of

expenditure of the Departments of Government of Maharashtra under Section

131

of the C&AG's (DPC) Act. Seven Autonomous Bodies are audited under

Sections 19(3)2 and 20(1)

3 of the C&AG's (DPC) Act.

1Audit of (i) all transactions from the Consolidated Fund of the State, (ii) all transactions

relating to Contingency Fund and Public Accounts and (iii) all trading, manufacturing,

profit & loss accounts, balance sheets & other subsidiary accounts 2

Audit of the accounts of a corporation established by law made by the Legislature of a

State on the request of the Governor, in public interest 3

Audit of accounts of any body or authority on the request of the Governor, on such terms

and conditions as may be agreed upon between the C&AG and the Government

Chapter I – Introduction

3

1.4 Organisational structure of the offices of the Principal

Accountant General (Audit)-I, Mumbai and the Accountant

General (Audit)-II, Nagpur, Maharashtra

Under the directions of the C&AG, the offices of the Principal Accountant

General (Audit)-I, Mumbai and the Accountant General (Audit)-II, Nagpur

conduct the audit of the various Government Departments and

offices/Autonomous Bodies/Institutions under them. While 16 districts from

Konkan and Western Maharashtra fall under the audit jurisdiction of the

Principal Accountant General (Audit)-I, Mumbai, the remaining 19 districts

from Vidarbha and Marathwada are under the audit jurisdiction of the

Accountant General (Audit)-II, Nagpur, as shown in the map below.

1.5 Planning and conduct of audit

The audit process starts with the assessment of risk faced by various

Departments of the Government, based on expenditure incurred, criticality/

complexity of activities, the levels of delegated financial powers, assessment

of overall internal controls and concerns of stakeholders. Previous audit

findings are also considered in this exercise. Based on this risk assessment, the

frequency and extent of audit are decided. During 2012-13, 1,865 party-days

were used to carry out audit of 232 units (Compliance Audit and Performance

Audits) of the various Departments/organisations. The audit plan covered

those units/entities which were vulnerable to significant risks as perceived by

Audit.

After completion of audit of each unit, Inspection Reports (IRs) containing

audit findings are issued to the heads of the Departments. The Departments are

requested to furnish replies to the audit findings within four weeks of receipt

of the IRs. Whenever replies are received, audit findings are either settled or

further action for compliance is advised. The important audit observations

arising out of these IRs are processed for inclusion in the Audit Reports which

are submitted to the Governor under Article 151 of the Constitution of India.


4

1.6 Significant audit observations

In the past few years, Audit has reported several significant deficiencies in

implementation of various programmes/activities through performance audits,

as well as on the quality of internal controls in selected Departments.

Similarly, the deficiencies noticed during compliance audit of the Government

Departments/organisations were also reported upon.

1.6.1 Performance audit of programmes/activities/Departments

The present Report contains two performance audits. The highlights of these

performance audits are given in the succeeding paragraphs.

1.6.1.1 Widening, Strengthening and upgradation of roads from

Central Road Fund, National Bank for Agriculture and

Rural Development and Thirteenth Finance Commission

funds

Roads, bridges and buildings are basic infrastructure for socio-economic

development of a nation. Government of India provides financial assistance to

the State Governments for construction and maintenance of the roads and

bridges through funds provided from the Central Road Fund, National Bank

for Agriculture and Rural Development and Thirteenth Finance Commission.

Performance Audit of works carried out from the funds provided for the period

2008-13 revealed deficient planning leading to sanctioning of works

regardless of their priority. Utilisation certificates for the previously released

grants were not submitted timely thus, affecting the release of subsequent

grants from the GoI. Funds were claimed in excess of the actual expenditure.

The reporting on the status of works by the State Government to the GoI was

not factual. Stipulated periods for completion of works were not adhered to

and there were deviations from the sanctioned scope of works. There were

instances of substandard execution of works and the prescribed quality control

tests were not carried out. Monitoring of the progress of works was

inadequate.

1.6.1.2 Implementation of Targeted Public Distribution System in

Maharashtra

The Public Distribution System (PDS) is a Government of India (GoI)

Sponsored Scheme and the State Governments are responsible for its

implementation. PDS is a major instrument for ensuring timely availability of

foodgrains to the public at affordable prices as well as providing food security

for the poor. Under PDS, rice, wheat, sugar, edible oil, turdal and kerosene, as

notified by the GoI, are distributed. To strengthen the PDS, GoI introduced the

Targeted Public Distribution System in June 1997 for distribution of

foodgrains at subsidised rates to the families living Below Poverty Line

(BPL).

Performance Audit of the Scheme for the period 2008-09 to 2012-13 revealed

that the list of BPL families was not reviewed every year for the purpose of

deletion of ineligible families. While the allotted quota of foodgrains was not

lifted by the State, there was avoidable expenditure on purchase of rice from


5

open market. Foodgrains were not tested before lifting from FCI. Construction

of additional godowns for augmenting the storage capacity of essential

commodities was far from satisfactory. The Scheme of direct transfer of cash

subsidy on kerosene was lagging behind and implementation of Vehicle

Tracking System was not effective. Monitoring of the Scheme was weak due

to non-constitution of requisite number of Vigilance Committees at various

levels. There were shortfalls in inspection of godowns, fair price shops and

ration cards by the designated authorities.

1.6.2 Compliance audit of Government transactions

During compliance audit, significant deficiencies were noticed with regard to

non-compliance with rules and regulations, expenditure without adequate

justification and failure of oversight/governance. The important findings of

compliance audit paragraphs included in this Report are indicated below.

1.6.2.1 Non-compliance with rules and regulations

For sound financial administration and control, it is essential that expenditure

conforms to financial rules, regulations and orders issued by the competent

authority. This helps in maintaining financial discipline and prevents

irregularities, misappropriation and frauds. This report contains instances of

non-compliance with rules and regulations shown as under:

Award of work without ensuring possession of land for a project coupled

with grant of mobilization advance of ` eight crore resulted in blocking of

funds to that extent and avoidable loss of interest of ` 3.03 crore to the

Government.

(Paragraph 3.1.1)

The Water Resources Department incurred an avoidable extra expenditure

of ` 1.24 crore on change in canal alignment due to commencement of

work without possession of land.

(Paragraph 3.1.2)

Failure to conduct subsurface investigations before framing the estimates

and change in dam design after award of work of Popatkheda minor

irrigation project stage-II led to an extra expenditure of ` 2.52 crore.

(Paragraph 3.1.3)

Incorrect application of rates for excavation in hard rock by controlled

blasting resulted in an extra expenditure of ` 38.43 lakh and an

unintended benefit to the contractor to that extent.

(Paragraph 3.1.4)

Parking of grant-in-aid in the current account instead of savings account

resulted in loss of interest of ` 74.21 lakh.

(Paragraph 3.1.5)


6

1.6.2.2 Audit against propriety and cases of expenditure without

adequate justification

Authorisation of expenditure from public funds has to be guided by the

principles of propriety and efficiency of public expenditure. Authorities

empowered to incur expenditure are expected to enforce the same vigilance as

a person of ordinary prudence would exercise in respect of his own money.

Audit scrutiny revealed instances of impropriety and inadmissible payment/

unfruitful expenditure of ` 3.83 crore shown as under:

The Water Resources Department admitted the claim of a contractor

for bringing sand from an alternate quarry in violation of the contract

conditions, leading to inadmissible payment of ` 2.14 crore to the

contractor on account of extra lead charges.

(Paragraph 3.2.1)

The Water Resources Department disbursed ` 1.69 crore to 3,688

beneficiaries in Bhandara and Nagpur districts, displaced by Gosikhurd

irrigation project, for computer training. The expenditure however,

proved to be unfruitful as none of the beneficiaries turned up for

training at the designated institutes and the training grants were

retained by them.

(Paragraph 3.2.2)

1.7 Lack of responsiveness of Government to Audit

1.7.1 Inspection reports outstanding

The Accountant General (Audit)-II, Nagpur arranges to conduct periodical

inspections of Government Departments to test-check their transactions and

verify the maintenance of important accounting and other records as per

prescribed rules and procedures. These inspections are followed up with IRs

which are issued to the heads of the offices inspected, with copies to the next

higher authorities. Half yearly reports of pending IRs are sent to the

Secretaries of the concerned Departments to facilitate monitoring of action

taken on the audit observations included in these IRs.

As of June 2013, 3,359 IRs (9,926 paragraphs) were outstanding. Year-wise

position of outstanding IRs and paragraphs are detailed in Appendix 1.1.

1.7.2 Response of Departments to the draft paragraphs and

Performance Audits

The draft paragraphs and Performance Audits were forwarded demi-officially

to the Principal Secretaries/Secretaries of the concerned Departments between

January 2012 and August 2013, with the request to send their responses within

six weeks. The Government reply to one out of seven paragraphs featured in

this Report was received and reply to Performance Audit on ‘Widening,

Strengthening and Upgradation of roads from Central Road Fund, National

Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development and Thirteenth Finance

Commission funds’ was not received. The replies, wherever received, have

been suitably incorporated in the Report.

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7

1.7.3 Follow-up on Audit Reports

According to instructions issued by the Finance Department, Government of

Maharashtra in January 2001, Administrative Departments were required to

furnish Explanatory Memoranda (EM) duly verified by Audit to the

Maharashtra Legislature Secretariat in respect of paragraphs included in the

Audit Reports, within three months of presenting the Audit Reports to the

State Legislature. The Administrative Departments, however, did not comply

with these instructions. The EMs in respect of 24 paragraphs/reviews for the

period from 1991-92 to 2011-12 have not yet been received. The position of

outstanding EMs from 2006-07 to 2011-12 is indicated in Table 2.

Table 2: Status of submission of EMs during 2006-12

Audit

Report

Date of tabling the

Report

Number of

Paragraphs and

Reviews

Number of

EMs received

Balance

2006-07 25 April 2008 21 21 -

2007-08 12 June 2009 22 21 1

2008-09 23 April 2010 14 14 -

2009-10 21 April 2011 &

23 December 2011

13 12 1

2010-11 17 April 2012 15 10 5

2011-12 18 April 2013 11 2 9

Total 96 80 16

The EMs in respect of eight paragraphs relating to the period prior to 2006-07

were outstanding. Department-wise details are given in Appendix 1.2.

With a view to ensuring accountability of the Executive in respect of all the

issues dealt with in the Audit Reports, the Public Accounts Committee (PAC)

lays down in each case, the period within which Action Taken Notes (ATNs)

on its recommendations should be sent by the Departments.

The PAC discussed 190 paragraphs pertaining to the Audit Reports for the

years from 1985-86 to 2011-12 and gave 176 recommendations of which,

ATNs were pending on 125 recommendations as indicated in Table 3.

Table 3: Position of outstanding ATNs on PAC recommendations

Year of

Audit

Report

PAC Report

number

Year of PAC Number of

recommendations

Number of ATNs

awaited on the

PAC

recommendations

1985-86

to

2001-02

16, 18, 19, 24, 28 1994-95

123 89

1, 2, 4, 6, 7, 8 1995-96

20, 24, 25, 27 1997-98

3 2000-01

13 2003-04

8 2007-08

13 2008-09

2002-03 0 0

2003-04 0 0

2004-05 14 2008-09 04 4

2005-06 8 2010-11 17 17

2006-07 9

15

2012-13

2008-09

09

20

00

12

2007-08 13 2012-13 03 03

2008-09 -- -- 0 0


8

Year of

Audit

Report

PAC Report

number

Year of PAC Number of

recommendations

Number of ATNs

awaited on the

PAC

recommendations

2009-10 -- -- 0 0

2010-11 -- -- 0 0

2011-12 -- -- 0 0

Total 176 125

The Department-wise position of PAC recommendations on which ATNs

were awaited is indicated in the Appendix 1.3.

Chapter II

Public Works Department

2.1 Widening, strengthening and up gradation of roads from Central

Road Fund, National Bank for Agriculture and Rural

Development and Thirteenth Finance Commission funds

Roads, bridges and buildings are basic infrastructure for socio-economic

development of a nation. Government of India (GoI) provides financial

assistance to the State Governments for construction and maintenance of the

roads and bridges through funds provided from the Central Road Fund,

National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development and Thirteenth Finance

Commission.

Performance Audit of works carried out from the funds provided for the period

2008-13 revealed deficient planning leading to sanctioning of works

regardless of their priority. Utilization certificates for the previously released

grants were not submitted timely thus, affecting the release of subsequent

grants from the GoI. Funds were claimed in excess of the actual expenditure.


not factual. Stipulated periods for completion of works were not adhered to

and there were deviations from the sanctioned scope of works. There were

instances of substandard execution of works and the prescribed quality control

tests were not carried out. Monitoring of the progress of works was

inadequate. The key findings are highlighted below.

Highlights

Against the target of 2.70 lakh km of road length envisaged for

construction in the road development plan of 1981-2001, the achievement

after 32 years till March 2012 was 2.43 lakh km. The priority of the road

works proposed by the regional offices for execution and forwarded to

GoI for sanction under Central Road Fund was changed frequently by

the GoM.

(Paragraphs 2.1.6.1 and 2.1.6.2)

Utilisation certificates for the previously released grants under FC-XIII

were not submitted in time which affected the release of subsequent

grants from the GoI. In 20 test-checked Divisions, the State Government

incurred an expenditure of ` 208.34 crore on 55 works under CRF but,

utilization certificates were furnished for ` 235.11 crore, resulting in

claiming of excess funds amounting to ` 26.77 crore from the GoI.

(Paragraphs 2.1.6.3 and 2.1.7.2)

The reporting by the State Government to the GoI on the status of works

funded under CRF was not factual. Completion reports furnished by the

State Government to GoI on three works sanctioned at a cost of ` 10.80

crore were found to be incomplete by Audit on physical verification.

(Paragraph 2.1.8.3)

The implementing agencies did not exercise adequate control over the

claims preferred by the contractors for bulk bitumen supposedly

Report No. 5 (Economic Sector) for the year ended 31 March 2013

10

procured by them and used in various road improvement works. Invoices

for 1,603.92 MT of bitumen valuing ` 6.38 crore claimed to have been

procured by the contractors from M/s Hindustan Petroleum Corporation

Limited and certified as consumed by the Engineers-in-charge in 18

works, were subsequently found to be fake.

(Paragraph 2.1.8.5)

There were instances of substandard execution of works and works were

executed without conducting quality control tests. Monitoring of works by

the State Government was weak.

(Paragraphs 2.1.8.6, 2.1.10 and 2.1.11)

2.1.1 Introduction

The Public Works Department (PWD) under Government of Maharashtra

(GoM) is responsible for the construction and maintenance of roads, bridges

and buildings. Development of roads in the State of Maharashtra is being done

in accordance with the road development plan. Financial assistance for

development and maintenance of roads and bridges in the State are provided

by the Government of India (GoI) from the Central Road Fund (CRF),

National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD) and

Thirteenth Finance Commission (FC-XIII).

The GoI enacted (December 2000) The Central Road Fund Act, 2000 to create

a Central Fund for development of roads by levy of cess at rupee one per litre

on diesel and petrol. As per Central Road Fund (State Roads) Rules, 2007

(CRF Rules, 2007), the funds shall be placed with Ministry of Road

Transports and Highways (MoRTH), GoI for development and maintenance of

State roads, excluding rural roads.

Ministry of Finance, GoI communicated (March and April 2011) the

recommendations of FC-XIII (award period 2011-15), which inter alia

included grants-in-aid to State Governments for maintenance of roads and

bridges and for development of roads to connect villages in remote areas.

The GoI created (1995-96) the Rural Infrastructure Development Fund (RIDF)

in NABARD for infrastructure development in rural areas.

2.1.2 Organizational set up

Operations of PWD at the Mantralaya level are controlled by the Secretary

(Roads) and the Secretary (Buildings). The implementation of various works

in the Public Works Region is carried out under the technical control of eight4

Chief Engineers (CEs). The CEs are assisted by 23 Superintending Engineers

(SEs) in-charge of the Circles who are responsible for administration and

execution of works within the Circles. The Executive Engineers (EEs)

working under the SEs are in-charge of the Divisions and are responsible for

execution of the works.

2.1.3 Audit objectives

The audit objectives were to assess:

the adequacy and effectiveness of planning for road works;

4Amravati, Aurangabad, Konkan, Mumbai, Nagpur, Nashik, New Mumbai and Pune

Chapter II – Performance Audits

11

the adequacy and effectiveness of budgeting and financial management;

the efficiency and economy in execution of road works; and

the adequacy and effectiveness of monitoring and inspection of works.

2.1.4 Audit criteria

The audit criteria were derived from the following documents:

Maharashtra Public Works (MPW) Manual and Maharashtra Public Works

Account Code;

Indian Road Congress (IRC) specifications and specifications prescribed

by MoRTH;

The Central Road Fund Act, 2000 and The Central Road Fund (State

Roads) Rules, 2007;

Guidelines for roads and bridges projects under NABARD Scheme;

Guidelines for release and utilization of grants-in-aid for maintenance of

road and bridges recommended by the FC-XIII; and

Orders issued by the GoI and GoM on construction and maintenance of

roads and bridges.

2.1.5 Scope and methodology of audit

The scrutiny of records was carried out between March 2013 and July 2013 at

the offices of the Secretary (Roads), PWD, and in six5 out of eight CEs, six

6

out of 23 SEs including SE Quality Control, Nagpur and 297 EEs which were

selected through random sampling. During performance audit, roads and

bridges constructed, upgraded, improved or maintained during 2008-13

through financial assistance from CRF, FC-XIII and loans from NABARD

under RIDF Programme, were covered in audit, as shown in the Table 1.

Table 1: Number and value of works sanctioned in the State and

six selected circles and those selected for audit scrutiny

Source of

funding

Works sanctioned

in the State

Works sanctioned

in the six selected

circles

Works selected

for audit scrutiny

Percentage

of selection

No. ` in crore No. ` in crore No. ` in crore

CRF 237 1,263.59 119 688.74 119 688.74 100

FC-XIII 983 1,023.28 306 317.32 306 317.32 100

NABARD 3,804 3,260.97 1,021 717.95 103 130.50 10

(Source: Data furnished by the Department)

The NABARD works were selected through random sampling. An entry

conference with the Secretary (Roads), PWD was held on 26 April 2013,

wherein objectives and criteria were discussed. An exit conference was held

on 28 October 2013 with the Secretary (Roads), PWD, wherein the audit

5Amravati, Aurangabad, Mumbai, Nagpur, Nashik and Pune

6Nagpur, Nanded, Nashik, Osmanabad, Solapur and Yavatmal

7Akluj, Ambejogai, Beed, Bhandara, Bhokar, Gondia, Hingoli, Kalwan, Latur, Malegaon,

Nagpur (four Divisions), Nashik (three Divisions), Nanded, Nilanga, Pusad,

Pandharkawada, Pandharpur, Parbhani, Osmanabad (two Divisions), Solapur (two

Divisions) and Yavatmal (two Divisions)


12

findings were discussed. The replies and additional information furnished by

the Secretary (Roads), PWD during exit conference have been suitably

included in the performance audit.

Audit findings

2.1.6 Planning

Proper planning allows consideration from a variety of perspectives and helps

in identifying the potential problems in the process. A comprehensive road

plan providing for missing links and increasing connectivity to villages,

remote areas and for facilitating construction of roads on scientific lines was

necessary. Audit scrutiny of the planning process revealed the following:

2.1.6.1 Road development plan

The road development plan (RDP) for the period 1981-2001 for Maharashtra

State was approved in September 1986 and revised in December 1997. The

important objectives of the RDP were to:

extend State highways to serve district headquarters, sub-divisional

headquarters, major industrial centres etc;

connect major district roads with towns and villages having population of

1,500 and above;

connect other district roads with villages having population in the range of

1,000-1,500; and

connect villages having population above 100 by at least one all-weather

road.

Target and achievement

Under RDP (1981-2001), the GoM targeted to construct 2,70,010 km of road

length during 1981 to 2001. However, the Department did not fix any annual

targets or prepare any annual plan to achieve the road lengths as per RDP of

1981-2001. The achievement till March 2008 was only 2,35,595 km

(87 per cent) and even after 32 years of implementation till March 20128, only

2,42,919 km (90 per cent) could be constructed as detailed in Table 2. The

GoM issued (March 2004) orders for preparation of the RDP for the next 20

years for the period from 2001 to 2021, and the same was approved in April

2012, after 12 years of the conclusion of the RDP of 1981-2001.

Table 2: RDP targets and achievements

(Figures in km)

Region Target

(1981-2001)

Achievement as

on March 2008

(per cent)

Remaining

Road length

(2008-12)

Achievement

during 2008-12

(per cent)

Amravati 38,023 24,346 (64) 13,677 492 (04)

Aurangabad 55,436 52,209 (94) 3,227 1,528 (47)

Konkan 27,655 24,938 (90) 2,717 1,221 (45)

Nagpur 43,171 34,293 (79) 8,878 2,618 (29)

Nashik 50,637 46,987 (93) 3,650 277 (08)

Pune 55,088 52,822 (96) 2,266 1,188 (52)

Total 270,010 2,35,595 (87) 34,415 7,324 (21)

(Source: Handbook on target and achievement published by PWD, GoM)

8Details up to March 2013 though called for were not made available to audit


13

The Table above further revealed that against the remaining road length of

34,415 km9 during the period 2008-12, the achievement was only of 7,324 km

(21 per cent) with lowest achievement recorded in Amravati region (four per

cent).

2.1.6.2 Planning for CRF works

Rule 4 (3) of CRF Rules, 2007 prescribes that the GoM shall furnish details of

all the works to GoI to facilitate identification and prioritisation of the works

to be taken up from CRF. The GoI directed (January 2008) GoM to prepare a

three year plan (2008-11). The GoM directed (April 2008) all the regional

offices (eight CEs) to submit district-wise project proposals in order of priority

of execution. The GoM submitted (May 2008) a plan for 427 road works

valuing ` 1,635.09 crore for the period 2008-11. The plan depicted the priority

of the works that were to be taken up for execution.

Audit observed that the GoM did not adhere to its own plan and revised the

same by adding new works or substituting the works included in the plan with

other works. For instance, a work proposed for execution in 2009-10 and

another proposed for execution in 2010-11 were sanctioned for execution in

2008-09. Further, 29 works (2009-11) appearing in a lower order of priority

received sanction ahead of the works appearing above them. As a result of

these frequent changes, the GoM finally proposed 728 road works valuing

` 3,512.07 crore against the original plan for 427 road works valuing

` 1,635.09 crore. However, the GoI sanctioned only 237 road works valuing

` 1,263.59 crore for the period 2008-11.

The Government stated (December 2013) that the plan as well as inter-se-

priority was changed based on the demand of peoples’ representatives. The

Government added that all the changes proposed were approved by the

Honorable Minister. The reply is not acceptable as the priorities were

recommended by regional offices considering all the aspects, including local

demands and thus, the priority sequence was required to be followed by the

GoM.

Further, as per Rule 5 (18) of CRF Rules, 2007, the total cost of schemes to be

approved by the GoI shall be limited to the bank of sanctions which shall not

normally exceed, at any point of time, two times the annual accrual for the

year in which the works are sanctioned in respect of any State or Union

Territory. The CE, PWD, GoM is a member of the Standing Committee in

MoRTH which sanctions the works proposed by GoM. Audit observed that an

amount of ` 550.56 crore had accrued to GoM on account of fuel cess under

CRF during the period 2008-11. However, during the period 2008-11, the GoI

sanctioned 237 works valuing ` 1,263.59 crore, against permissible amount of

` 1,101.12 crore10

. Though an amount of ` 460.20 crore had accrued to GoM

during 2011-13, the GoI did not sanction any work during these two years, as

there was already high bank of sanctions under CRF. This clearly showed that

the CE, PWD, GoM, despite being a member of the Standing Committee in

9The RDP 1981-2001 target minus the achievement as of March 2008 (2,70,010 km –

2,35,595 km) 10

` 550.56 x 2=` 1101.12


14

MoRTH, failed to exercise adequate control over the sanctioning of works

with reference to the annual accruals of the State from fuel cess.

Rule 5 (5) of CRF Rules, 2007 further provides that the projects shall be

selected with a view to have balanced development in the State. Audit

observed that while 46 works were sanctioned for 13 districts during 2009-10,

only 56 works were sanctioned for 22 districts during 2010-11. No works were

sanctioned in seven districts during 2009-13, though road works for these

districts were also proposed under CRF by the regional offices. During

2008-13, 47 per cent of the total funds sanctioned were allocated to only seven

out of 33 districts of the State (Appendix 2.1.1). The objective of balanced

development was thus, not achieved.

2.1.6.3 Planning for FC-XIII works

Recognizing the vital importance of road infrastructure for economic

development, the Ministry of Finance (MoF), Department of Expenditure,

Finance Commission Division, GoI issued (March 2011) guidelines for

implementation of the recommendations of FC-XIII for the award period

2011-15.

In pursuance of the guidelines, GoM constituted a High Level Monitoring

Committee (HLMC) headed by Chief Secretary, GoM for sanctioning the

working plans and ensuring submission of Budgets and Finance Accounts to

MoF by the first week of June every year so that the grants could be released

in a single annual installment in the month of July every year, during the

period 2011-12 to 2014-15. Maintenance works of roads viz., blacktop

renewal, strengthening and blacktopping and other road improvement works

were to be executed under this programme. Sanctioned works were to be

completed in the same financial year.

The GoM directed (August 2011) the regional offices to submit work

proposals for preparation of a four year working plan for the period 2011-15.

The HLMC approved (December 2011 and November 2012) 398 works

valuing ` 422.46 crore and 447 works valuing ` 500.82 crore for annual plans

2011-12 and 2012-13 respectively.

Audit observed that in 29 test-checked Divisions, due to delayed approval of

works by the HLMC during 2011-12 and 2012-13, the works were awarded

only in February 2012 and March 2013. As a result, 106 works sanctioned

during 2011-12 (expenditure incurred: ` 84.08 crore) and 122 works

sanctioned during 2012-13 (expenditure incurred: ` 80.31 crore) remained

incomplete as of March 2012 and March 2013 respectively.

Audit scrutiny further revealed that the State border road, Kelwad-Saoner

(State Highway-250) was upgraded (January 2010) to a National Highway and

transferred (May 2010) to National Highways Authority of India (NHAI).

However, the EE, PW Division-II, Nagpur proposed (September 2011)

blacktop renewal work on the same road in chainage 0/00 km to 13/200 km for

sanction under FC-XIII but, subsequently proposed (November 2011) deletion

of this work to GoM. However, GoM sanctioned (December 2011) blacktop

renewal to this road and the work was awarded (February 2012) at a cost of

` 54.84 lakh and completed (November 2012) at a cost of ` 67.61 lakh. This

resulted in an irregular expenditure of ` 67.61 lakh, because the State border


15

road already stood transferred to NHAI and further work on this road should

not have been proposed and executed under FC-XIII.

The EE, PW Division-II, Nagpur accepted (April 2013) the audit observation.

The FC-XIII recommended (April 2011) financial support to the State

Government for providing connectivity to remote villages which were not

connected by all-weather roads. A grant-in-aid of ` 200 crore was to be

released in four equal annual installments during 2011-15. As per FC-XIII

guidelines, the first installment was to be released on submission of working

plan, duly approved by HLMC. Subsequent installments were to be released

upon receipt of Utilization Certificate (UC) of previously released grant. Audit

scrutiny revealed the following:

The HLMC sanctioned (October 2011) 69 works valuing ` 50 crore in the

annual plan for 2011-12. The GoM released only ` 42.50 crore at the end

of February 2012, though ` 50 crore was received from GoI in December

2011. Unable to utilize the entire grant-in-aid within the same financial

year, the PWD surrendered ` 25.57 crore to GoM in March 2012. This was

re-allocated in the State budget for 2012-13 and released in September

2012.

The HLMC sanctioned the annual plan for 2012-13 in November 2012 but

due to late submission of UC for works of 2011-12, GoI released second

installment of ` 50 crore only in March 2013 of which, only ` 3.22 crore

was utilized by end of the financial year. As a result, all the 19 works

taken up during 2012-13 in the test-checked Divisions remained

incomplete.

2.1.7 Financial management

The budget provisions and expenditure incurred under the three funding

arrangements for the entire State during 2008-13 is given in Table 3.

Table 3: Budget and expenditure under the three sources of funding (` in crore)

Year CRF FC-XIII NABARD

Final

budget and

release

Expenditure Final

budget and

release

Expenditure Final budget

and release

Expenditure

2008-09 266.55 266.56 -- -- 270.01 288.31

2009-10 331.45 331.43 -- -- 475.00 465.36

2010-11 390.84 388.25 -- -- 400.00 358.54

2011-12 328.50 328.52 538.48 512.91 500.00 478.18

2012-13 229.35 229.35 469.48 448.27 500.00 399.93

TOTAL 1,546.69 1,544.11 1,007.96 961.18 2,145.01 1,990.32

(Source: Information provided by the Department)

Expenditure incurred from the three funding arrangements in six test-checked

Circles during 2008-13 is given in Table 4.

Table 4: Expenditure incurred in six test-checked Circles

(` in crore)

Year CRF FC-XIII NABARD

2008-09 138.10 -- 93.81

2009-10 142.58 -- 181.68

2010-11 171.35 -- 130.75


16

2011-12 173.42 114.10 187.46

2012-13 144.86 170.94 150.66

TOTAL 770.31 285.04 744.36

(Source: Final Modified Grants sanctioned by GoM)

Audit findings are discussed in succeeding paragraphs.

2.1.7.1 Short-receipt of funds

As per CRF Rules, 2007, one-third of cess accrued during the year was to be

placed at the disposal of GoM to be maintained as reserve. The GoI was to

replenish the reserve by subsequent releases to the extent of physical progress

of the works and expenditure incurred, on submission of UCs along with

Quarterly Progress Reports (QPR).

In CE, PW Region, Mumbai, the GoM incurred an expenditure of

` 1,544.11 crore during 2008-13 from the State budget and submitted UCs for

` 1,123.22 crore to the GoI for reimbursement and received only

` 864.79 crore. The GoI did not release the remaining ` 258.43 crore as the

GoM failed to award 216 works within four months from the date of issue of

Administrative Approvals (AAs) and did not complete 139 works within

24 months from the date of issue of AAs, as prescribed under CRF Rules,

2007.

The CE, PW Region, Mumbai accepted (May 2013) the facts and stated that

the revalidation proposals were submitted (April 2013) to MoRTH. Reply is

not acceptable as the CRF Rules, 2007 do not provide for revalidation of

works. The GoM thus, had to bear the expenditure of ` 258.43 crore from its

own resources. The UCs for the balance amount of ` 420.89 crore11

were not

submitted as of March 2013.

2.1.7.2 Excess claims

The CRF Act, 2000 stipulates that funds released by MoRTH would be

restricted to the extent of physical progress of works and expenditure incurred

as intimated by implementing agencies through Monthly Progress Reports

(MPRs), QPRs and UCs. The Act also makes it mandatory for the GoM to

submit Project Completion Reports (PCR) on completion of the works.

In 20 out of the 29 Divisions test-checked, against the actual expenditure of

` 208.34 crore incurred on 55 works, the UCs were furnished for

` 235.11 crore. The reporting of inflated expenditure resulted in claiming of

excess funds amounting to ` 26.77 crore from GoI.

2.1.7.3 Non-transfer of CRF funds to the Regional Officer

Rule 5(11) of CRF Rules, 2007 prescribes that funds to the extent of three per

cent of the cost of works shall be placed at the disposal of the Regional

Officer12

(RO) appointed by MoRTH for incurring expenditure on hiring

manpower and for executing quality control checks. Audit observed that GoM

did not transfer ` 33.7013

crore during 2008-13 to the Regional Officer for

11 ` 1544.11 crore minus ` 1123.22 crore

12The SE, MoRTH, Mumbai was designated as the Regional Officer for CRF works in

Maharashtra State 13

Three per cent of UCs submitted (` 1,123.22 crore)


17

executing quality control checks. As a result, none of the works could be

checked for quality by the RO.

During exit conference, Secretary (Roads), PWD stated (October 2013) that

RO MoRTH at Mumbai did not demand any funds for quality control and

quality control issues were addressed through Government laboratory.

Reply is not acceptable as requisite funds were not placed at the disposal of

the RO, MoRTH by the GoM in contravention of CRF Rules, 2007. Further,

the Rules do not provide for raising of demand by MoRTH.

2.1.7.4 Irregular claims from CRF

The GoM proposed (November 2010) three works valuing ` 21crore for road

improvement works in 33 kms on ‘Ramtek-Khapa-Tumsar Road (SH 249) in

chainages 104/00 km to 119/00 km (` nine crore), 119/00 km to 130/00 km

(` 6.60 crore) and 135/00 km to 142/00 km (` 5.40 crore)’. GoI sanctioned

(January 2011) ` 21 crore for these three road improvement works. However,

GoI also sanctioned (January 2011) ` 6.60 crore inadvertently for the road

work in chainage 119/00 km to 130/00 km.

Scrutiny of records of PW Division, Bhandara revealed that the Division

awarded (November 2011) a single contract for ` 22.55 crore by clubbing

both the sanctions of January 2011 (` 21 crore + ` 6.60 crore). Further, EE,

PW Division, Bhandara reported (April 2013) utilisation of ` 8.39 crore and

` 1.92 crore as of March 2013 against the sanctioned cost of ` 21 crore and

` 6.60 crore respectively, in the MPR submitted to the SE, PW Circle, Nagpur.

The same figures were also reported (April 2013) by GoM to GoI.

Thus, GoM instead of refunding ` 6.60 crore to GoI in the first instance,

submitted incorrect status of works through MPR and claimed an irregular

reimbursement of ` 1.92 crore. Since GoM submitted consolidated claims to

GoI for reimbursement, Audit could not verify whether the claim of ` 1.92

crore was met by GoI.

2.1.7.5 Excess drawal of loan

The terms and conditions of projects sanctioned under RIDF stipulated

monthly disbursement of loan amount by NABARD based on submission of

statement of expenditure by GoM. The loan so disbursed was to be restricted

to 80 per cent of the amount depicted in the statement of expenditure and

GoM was to bear the remaining 20 per cent of the expenditure.

In nine of the 29 test-checked Divisions, the EEs claimed excess amount of

` 6.18 crore in respect of 44 works by reporting inflated figures of expenditure

instead of actual expenditure incurred. Similarly, in PW Division, Hingoli, the

work of ‘Improvement to Parli-Bori-Sawant Road in chainage 01/000 km to

03/700 km’ was sanctioned (March 2010) twice by NABARD under RIDF

XV, leading to an excess release of loan amounting to ` 14.17 lakh.

The EE, PW Division, Hingoli accepted (June 2013) the fact and stated that

the work has been proposed for deletion.

As of July 2013, NABARD neither deleted the work nor was the excess

release of ` 14.17 lakh adjusted from subsequent releases.


18

2.1.7.6 Irregular diversion of funds

Funds released by the State Government are to be utilized on specified works

only. However, in the following cases, diversions of fund were observed:

CRF

In PW Division, Nanded, ` 5.53 crore received under CRF in 2011-12 was

diverted to make payment to Special Land Acquisition Officer (SLAO) for

acquiring land for construction of bypass to Ardhapur city, district Nanded.

Similarly, ` 44.64 lakh received by PW Division-II, Solapur was diverted to

works not sanctioned under CRF.

The EE, PWD, Nanded stated (July 2013) that ` 2.57 crore out of ` 5.53 crore

has been refunded by SLAO, after receipt of funds from the GoM for

acquisition of land.

During exit conference, Secretary (Roads), PWD accepted (October 2013) the

audit observation.

FC-XIII

In nine Divisions, ` eight crore sanctioned for 51 works were diverted and

spent on works other than those sanctioned under FC-XIII.


audit observation and stated that necessary instructions would be issued to

utilize the funds for the purpose for which these were sanctioned.

NABARD

In PW Division, Solapur, ` 2.34 crore meant to be used for NABARD works

was diverted (2011-12) for execution of 28 other works not sanctioned under

NABARD.


audit observation and stated that necessary instructions would be issued to

utilize the funds for the purpose for which these were sanctioned.

2.1.8 Programme implementation

Details of works selected for audit, completed, in-progress and abandoned as

on 31 March 2013 are given in Table 5.

Table 5: Works selected for audit scrutiny, works completed, in-progress and abandoned

Source of

funding

Selected for audit

scrutiny

Works

completed

Works in

progress

Works

abandoned

No. ` crore No. ` crore No. ` crore No. ` crore

CRF 119 688.73 51 259.06 67 424.67 1 5.00

FC-XIII 306 317.29 27 29.82 279 287.47 - -

NABARD 103 130.50 34 28.13 68 101.57 1 0.80

(Source: Sanction orders, UCs, MPRs and Running Account Bills furnished by EEs)

Audit observations on execution of works are discussed below.

2.1.8.1 De-sanction of works

As per the CRF Rules, 2007, the sanctioned works should be awarded within

four months of the date of AA failing which, the works would be deemed to

have been de-sanctioned.


19

In all the six test-checked Circles, 99 works (out of 119 works) valuing

` 489.30 crore sanctioned under CRF between 2008-13 were not awarded for

execution within the stipulated period of four months of the date of AA and

thus, automatically de-sanctioned. The delay in award of works ranged from

12 to 601 days. The Department continued to incur expenditure and claimed

reimbursement in respect of these de-sanctioned works.


revalidation proposals had been sent to MoRTH and approval was awaited.

The reply is not acceptable as CRF Rules, 2007 do not provide for revalidation

of projects.

2.1.8.2 Non-completion of works within stipulated period

As per the CRF Rules, 2007, the sanctioned works should be completed within

24 months from the date of AA.

In five out of six test-checked Circles, 49 works sanctioned under CRF

between 2008-13 at a cost of ` 249.80 crore could not be completed within the

stipulated period of 24 months and as a result, GoI stopped releasing funds.

The delay in completion of works beyond 24 months ranged between 30 days

and 906 days.


revalidation proposals had been sent to MoRTH and approval on the same was

awaited. The reply is not acceptable as CRF Rules, 2007 do not provide for

revalidation of projects.

2.1.8.3 False reporting of works

Test check of records revealed that in three cases, the GoM intimated incorrect

status of works to GoI taken up under CRF. The cases are discussed below:

The EE, PW Division, Parbhani awarded (September 1998) the work of

‘Construction of Bridge on Godavari river at Sirsi village in Parbhani

district’, sanctioned under State funds, at cost of ` 3.24 crore for providing

connectivity to villages. Owing to paucity of funds, the ongoing bridge

work along with its approaches was proposed by GoM under CRF and GoI

sanctioned (February 2004) both the works at a total cost of ` 4.05 crore.

The EE awarded (November 2005) the work for construction of approach

road to the bridge at a cost of ` 73.79 lakh.

Audit scrutiny revealed that due to slow progress of the bridge work (even

after its inclusion in CRF), the contract was withdrawn (November 2007)

after incurring an expenditure of ` 2.37 crore. Non-completion of bridge

work also affected the work of approach road and hence, the contract for

construction of approach road was also withdrawn (October 2010) after

incurring an expenditure of ` 25.30 lakh.

The value of balance works at the time of withdrawal was ` 1.36 crore,

which was revised (August 2011) to ` 6.56 crore. A composite contract for

the balance works (bridge and approach road) was re-awarded

(February 2013) at a cost of ` 8.23 crore under State funds for completion

in 18 months. An expenditure of ` 59 lakh was incurred as of July 2013.


20

Meanwhile in January 2011, the GoM reported to GoI satisfactory

completion of both the works at a cost of ` 2.71 crore. The photograph

enclosed with the completion report also gave an impression of a

completed bridge and its approaches. However, physical verification

(June 2013) of the project by Audit with Departmental officials revealed

that neither the bridge work nor its approaches were complete as can be

seen from the photographs below.

Photograph attached with PCR

(January 2011) Photograph taken by Audit (27 June 2013)

The GoM thus, furnished a misleading report to GoI in January 2011.

Further, the project could not be completed even after 15 years of its

initiation (September 1998). At the time of re-awarding of works in

February 2013 there was already a cost over-run of ` 6.87 crore14

. Also,

the objective of providing connectivity to the villages was not achieved.

The GoM submitted (May 2008) a proposal for the work of ‘Construction

of Major Bridge on Jamgaon-Thadipauni Road across Wardha River in

Taluka Narkhed’ to GoI for its inclusion under CRF. The scope of work

included construction of bridge and its approach road. The GoI sanctioned

(August 2008) ` 3.75 crore for the work under CRF.

Scrutiny of the records of EE, PW Division-II, Nagpur revealed that the

work was awarded (February 2009) at a cost of ` 3.45 crore scheduled for

completion by August 2010. The GoM submitted (June 2011) the PCR to

GoI. However, the work of approach road was not taken up.

For construction of approach road, the SE, PW Circle, Nagpur sanctioned

(July 2012) ` 39.16 lakh. The work was not complete as of May 2013, as

items amounting to ` 4.33 lakh15

remained to be executed as per scope of

work.

During joint inspection (May 2013) with Departmental officials, it was

observed by Audit that the approach road to the bridge was not complete

and the site was not clear of debris. Thus, submission of PCR by the GoM

in June 2011 to GoI indicated false reporting.

The GoM proposed (May 2008) a work of ‘Improvement to Apegaon-

Kuranpimpari-Mahartakali-Chaklamba-Shingarwadi Road (SH-155) in km

1/200 to 23/400’ under CRF. The scope of work included strengthening in

14 ` 8.23 crore minus ` 1.36 crore 15

Excavation for roadway and conveying for embankment, side gutter (` 2.75 lakh) and

rubble pitching and approaches (` 1.58 lakh)


21

a length of 8.5 km out of total length of 22.20 km. Blacktopping was to be

carried out in the entire length of 22.20 km. The width of the carriageway

was 3.70 metre. Though a bridge in chainage km 15/400 was essential for

road continuity up to Shingarwadi village, the same was left out while

submitting the proposal to GoI.

The GoI sanctioned (August 2009) ` three crore for the work of

strengthening and blacktopping. The EE, PW Division, Beed awarded the

work in May 2011 which was scheduled for completion by May 2012.

Audit observed that though the work of blacktopping involved the entire

stretch of 22.20 km, the same was not included in the detailed estimates

and the work order issued. The measurement book indicated that the

blacktopping work was executed only in chainage 4/00 to 7/720

(3.720 km) against chainage 4/00 to 8/300 (4.30 km) included in the work

order. The contractor completed (May 2012) the work of strengthening

and blacktopping at a cost of ` 3.15 crore. The GoM reported (April 2013)

to GoI (through MPR of March 2013) that entire length of 22.20 km was

completed but the PCR was not submitted to GoI (July 2013).

Further, construction of bridge in chainage km 15/400 was awarded

(August 2009) from State funds to another contractor at a cost of ` 69.68

lakh with scheduled date of completion of August 2010. Joint physical

verification of work (July 2013) with Department officials revealed that

the road was not motorable in chainage km 7/720 to 12/500 despite black

topping and strengthening between this section and the bridge work was

also incomplete.

Incomplete bridge

Thus, by not including the bridge work while forwarding the proposal for

road improvement works to GoI, an expenditure of ` 3.52 crore16

incurred

on road and bridge works was rendered unfruitful.

2.1.8.4 Incorrect selection of works

The CRF Rules, 2007 stipulated that roads, on which improvement works

were carried out in preceding three years, should not be proposed under CRF.

The EE, PW Division, Bhandara proposed (November 2010) the work of

‘Improvement to Ramtek-Khapa-Tumsar Road in chainage 104/00 km to

130/00 km and 135/00 km to 142/200 km’. The GoI sanctioned (January

16 ` 3.15 crore on road work and ` 37.09 lakh on bridge work


22

2011) the work under CRF. The work was awarded (November 2011) at a cost

of ` 22.55 crore to be completed by May 2013.

Audit observed that improvement and blacktop renewal in road length of

2.8 km17

(5.50 metre carriageway) had already been executed during 2009-10

at an expenditure of ` 22.37 lakh. Thus, selection of this road length on which

improvement works had already been carried out was against the provisions of

CRF Rules, 2007.

2.1.8.5 Bitumen invoices

The GoM directed (October 2007) that bitumen used by the contractors in road

works should be procured only from Government refineries. The bulk bitumen

container should be unloaded at the hot mix plant in the presence of the

Engineer-in-charge or his representative who will certify that the bitumen was

consumed for the work for which it was procured. As per standard tender

conditions, the contractors were also required to submit the original invoices

of bitumen duly certified by the Engineer-in-charge or his representative that

the bitumen was consumed for the work for which it was procured. Audit


Same bitumen invoices for multiple works

In three out of 29 Divisions18

test-checked, 526.32 MT of bitumen was

consumed in 34 works. The Engineers-in-charge had certified bitumen

invoices for 263.16 MT valuing ` 96.20 lakh for consumption in 17 works.

However, it was observed that Engineers-in-charge used the same invoices to

certify the same quantity of bitumen having been consumed in 17 other works,

as shown in Appendix 2.1.2.

Thus, use of same invoices for certifying the same quantity of bitumen in two

different works indicated the possibility of over payment for bitumen not

actually used/consumed.

Submission of fake invoices for bitumen consumed

In five test-checked Divisions19

, it was observed that 101 invoices for 1,603.92

MT of bitumen valuing ` 6.38 crore procured from M/s Hindustan Petroleum

Corporation Limited (HPCL) were certified as consumed by the Engineer-in-

charge in 18 works. However, on cross verification with HPCL in July and

September 2013, these 101 bitumen invoices were found to be fake, as HPCL

subsequently confirmed (July and September 2013) that the invoices in

question were not appearing in their system and were incorrect.

Execution of works without obtaining bitumen invoices

In eight Divisions20

test-checked, 8,658.29 MT of bitumen valuing

` 33.23 crore was consumed in 30 works carried out between 2008 and 2013

and payments released, but no bitumen invoices were obtained from the

17At chainage km 104/400 to 105/200 and km 114/00 to 116/00

18PW Division-III, Nagpur; PW Division, Nanded; and PW Division, Yavatmal

19PW Division, Bhokar; PW Division, Hingoli; PW Division, Nanded; PW Division,

Parbhani; and PW Division, Yavatmal 20

PW Division, Akluj; PW Division (EGS), Gondia; PW Division-II, Nagpur; PW Special

Project Construction Division, Nagpur; PW Division (East), Nashik; PW Division,

Osmanabad; PW Division, Parbhani; and PW Division, Solapur


23

contractors. Non-submission of original bitumen invoices by the contractors

not only violated the tender conditions but proved weak control and

monitoring by the Department.

The EE, Special Project Construction Division, Nagpur stated (May 2013) that

the contractors have been asked to submit the bitumen invoices.

Considering the fact that final bills have been paid to the contractors in 13 out

of 30 works up to March 2013, it is highly unlikely that the contractors, at this

stage, would furnish the original bitumen invoices to the Department.

Procurement of bitumen from private agencies

In five Divisions21

test-checked, the contractors procured 895.045 MT of

bitumen valuing ` 3.54 crore for nine works from private agencies instead of

Government refineries and the same was allowed by the Engineers-in-charge

to be used in construction of roads.

The EEs, PWD Bhandara and Nanded stated (May/July 2013) that bitumen

was purchased from authorised dealers of Government refineries. Reply is not

acceptable as the Government instructions of October 2007 specifically stated

that bitumen was to be procured only from Government refineries.

2.1.8.6 Substandard execution of works

The instances of execution of substandard works are detailed below:

As per IRC 37-2001, Bituminous Macadam (BM) should be covered by

next pavement course or wearing course within a maximum period of 48

hours, to prevent damages to the BM surface.

The PW Division, Nanded awarded (December 2011) work of

‘Construction of bypass to Ardhapur City’ at a cost of ` 19.95 crore. It was

observed that BM was laid in the month of March 2013 at a cost of

` 2.44 crore, but the same was not covered by next pavement course22

till

June 2013. As IRC specifications were not adhered to, the possibility of

damage to the BM surface could not be ruled out.

During exit conference, Secretary (Roads), PWD stated (October 2013)

that a Circular would be issued instructing that no BM should be left

uncovered.

The GoI sanctioned (August 2008) ` three crore for a work23

under CRF.

The CE, PW Region, Aurangabad accorded (November 2009) technical

sanction of ` 2.67 crore to the work. The road stretch ran through black

cotton soil rich land and was prone to water logging causing heavy damage

to road. To strengthen the road for use of heavy traffic, excavation in the

existing surface and filling by Granular Sub-Base (GSB) and Hard Murum

(HM) were part of the scope of work. The quantities of GSB and HM

fillings were individually derived in the estimates with a view to achieving

the required crust thickness of the road. The EE, PW Division, Beed

21PW Division, Bhandara; PW Division-III, Nagpur; PW Special Project Construction

Division, Nagpur; PW Division, Nanded; and PW Division, Yavatmal 22

Laying of ready mix material prepared at hot mix plant (Premix Carpet) 23

Improvement to Apegaon-Kuranpimpari-Mahartakali-Chaklamba-Shingarwadi Road SH-

55 in chainage 1/200 km to 23/400 km


24

awarded (May 2011) the above work at the cost of ` 3.10 crore. The work

was completed in May 2012 at a cost of ` 3.15 crore.

Audit observed that there was a provision of excavation of 31.82 cum of

the existing pavement with an estimated filling of 7,224 cum of GSB and

45,085.75 cum of HM. Against this, the contractor excavated 275.28 cum

and filled 5,638.82 cum of GSB and 38,345 cum of HM.

As the contractor excavated 243.46 cum more than that specified in the

contract, the corresponding GSB and HM fillings should have been more.

However, shortfall in fillings by GSB and HM indicated that the required

crust thickness for the road was not achieved.

Physical verification (July 2013) of the road by Audit with Departmental

officials revealed that the carriageway and the side shoulders on both sides

of the road were damaged due to shortfall in fillings by GSB and HM.

During exit conference, Secretary (Roads), PWD stated (October 2013)

that work would be checked through Vigilance and Quality Control Circle

of the Region.

In order to avoid damage to roads by water, GoM prescribed (November

1997) various tests24

whenever HM blanketing work was executed on

roads that ran through black cotton soil.

Scrutiny of records in PW Division, Akluj revealed that two road works25

were awarded (November 2011) under CRF. Both the roads ran through areas

rich in black cotton soil. Soft and HM blanketing was part of the scope in both

the works. A total quantity of 49,347.61 cum of soft murum and HM was

supplied and compacted for which an expenditure of ` 88.94 lakh was

incurred. However, none of the prescribed tests reports were found in the

records produced to Audit and therefore, the assurance that the works executed

met the standards set could not be confirmed in audit.


the matter would be investigated.

2.1.8.7 Irregular expenditure in execution of works

The implementing agencies should comply with the Government norms during

execution of road works and make appropriate provisions as required under

IRC specifications and conditions laid down in the contracts.

Reduction in scope of work

As per Rule 5 (3) of CRF Rules, 2007, proposals for road works under CRF

should generally cover at least 10 km length unless the requirement for

connecting two places is less than 10 km.

Audit scrutiny revealed that in six test-checked Divisions, GoI sanctioned

` 56.65 crore for nine road works covering a total road length of 109.33 km.

24Proctor density test, maximum dry density test of the soil used, CBR test of existing soil,

optimum moisture content test, roller passing record etc. 25

(1) Improvement to Parewadi to SH 141 Road MDR-4 in km 15/000 to 38/000, District

Solapur; and (2) Improvements to Karmala to Awati Road SH-67 in km 74/800 to

102/800, Akluj, District Solapur


25

However, the total road length actually covered was only 78.48 km as per the

estimates prepared for these nine works.

The EEs of the Divisions stated (March-April 2013) that the scope was

reduced in order to complete the works within the approved costs.

Replies of the EEs are not acceptable as only part length of the road was

tackled by spending the entire sanctioned amount which showed that the

proposals submitted by the Divisions were ab-initio faulty.

Execution of works beyond sanctioned scope

Paragraph 134 of MPW Manual specifies that revised AAs should be obtained

for any deviation from the original proposals.

In five CRF works (four Divisions), an expenditure of ` 2.04 crore was

incurred beyond the sanctioned scope of works. However, no revised AAs

were obtained in all the five cases as required under MPW Manual. Further, in

six FC-XIII works (three Divisions), an expenditure of ` 1.88 crore was

incurred on execution of works beyond the sanctioned scope but revised AAs

were not obtained.

Execution of additional road lengths from savings

As per paragraph 261 of MPW Manual, any anticipated or actual savings on a

sanctioned estimate in a particular project should not be utilized to carry out

additional works not contemplated in the original project unless sanctioned by

competent authority.

Scrutiny of records revealed that CE, PW Region, Nagpur contrary to the

provisions of MPW Manual, approved (March 2012) an additional road length

of 29.02 km at an estimated cost of ` 4.46 crore for execution from the

savings of ` 3.85 crore accrued from 16 road works undertaken from FC-XIII

funds during 2011-12. The remaining expenditure of ` 0.61 crore was met

from FC-XIII funds for the year 2012-13.

Undue benefit to a contractor

As per paragraph 10.2.21 of Maharashtra Public Works Account Code,

advance against material brought to site of work (secured advance) may be

given to the contractors not exceeding 75 per cent of the value of such

material. To safeguard against losses to Government, the Engineer-in-charge

should obtain purchase invoices of material from the contractors and also

ensure that the material are brought to site.

The PW Division, Nanded awarded (August 2009) the work of ‘Improvement

to Barad-Mukhed-Malkawatha Road in km 0/00 to 8/00’ at a cost of

` 5.56 crore under CRF. A secured advance of ` 2.81 crore was made to the

contractor (March 2010) which included an advance of ` 1.03 crore towards

procurement of 420 MT of bitumen. Audit scrutiny revealed that though the

actual consumption of bitumen was only 288 MT, secured advance of ` 32.37

lakh26

for excess quantity of bitumen of 132 MT was paid to the contractor.

The final payment was released to the contractor in May 2013. Further,

26 (` 1.03 crore ÷ 420 MT) x 132 MT


26

purchase invoices of bitumen submitted by the contractor pertained to the

period December 2008 to July 2009 i.e. before the date of award of work.


audit observation.

2.1.9 Works held up for want of forest clearance

The Forest Conservation Act, 1980 stipulates that forest land should not be

utilized for non-forest purpose without prior approval of the Ministry of

Environment and Forest (MoEF). Further, paragraph 251 of MPW Manual

discourages commencement of works without possession of land.

Audit observed that the above provisions were not followed in execution of

two works in two test-checked Divisions as detailed in Table 6:

Table 6: Details of works held up for want of forest clearance

Division Details of work Reply

PWD-II,

Nagpur NABARD

The work of ‘Improvement and Strengthening and Black Topping (STBT) to

Khapri-Linga-Ladai-Bazargaon Road km 10/700 to 12/500 (MDR-10)’ was

awarded (February 2009) at cost of ` 62.38 lakh. Another work of STBT to

the same road in km 12/500 to 15/500 was awarded (November 2009) to

another contractor at a cost of ` 1.44 crore. Both the works had to be stopped

(January 2011) for want of forest and environmental clearances from the

MoEF. The contractors carried out only strengthening works for which a

payment of ` 1.42 crore was made (March 2013). Due to non-execution of

blacktopping works, the road could not be made all-weather and thus, its life

was reduced considerably.

During exit

conference the

Secretary

(Roads), PWD

accepted

(October 2013)

the audit

observations.

PW

(EGS),

Gondia

CRF

The work of ‘Improvement to Sangadi Navegaon-Gothangaon-Keshori road

(MDR-35) in km 12/00 to 24/00’ was awarded (February 2012) at a cost of

` 3.14 crore. Although the road work was being executed in forest land, prior

clearance from Forest Department was not taken before the commencement

of work. The Forest Department objected to execution of the work and

consequently, the work was stopped after incurring an expenditure of

` 44.65 lakh.

2.1.10 Quality control

In order to ensure quality assurance, the contractor was required to prepare a

quality assurance plan and get the same approved from the Engineer-in-charge

within one month from the date of work order. The quality of the work was to

be properly documented through certificates, records, check-lists and log

books of results. Such records were to be compiled from the beginning of the

work and be continuously updated and supplemented by the contractor.

2.1.10.1 Works executed without conducting quality control tests

As per work specifications for concrete works, the contractors are required to

get cube test of cement concrete samples done from the Government Quality

Control Laboratory and furnish the results to the EEs. For this purpose, three

cubes of cement concrete are to be tested at seven days’ age and three cubes at

28 days’ age, after they are cast.

In six works (four Divisions), the prescribed tests were conducted after 41 to

646 days since they were cast (Appendix 2.1.3). Thus, there was no assurance


27

that the cement concrete works carried out by the contractors in these six

works had met the requisite quality standards.


audit observation.

Further, as per tender specifications, the contractors executing road works are

bound to furnish test results of bitumen and other material used for the road

works from Government Quality Control Laboratory before commencement of

works.

GoM sanctioned (November 2012) the work of ‘Blacktopping renewal to

MSH-2 Mumbai-Loha Road in km 493/00 to 496/00’ under FC-XIII. The EE,

PW Division, Nanded awarded the work on 15 February 2013 at a cost of

` 1.25 crore for completion in two months. The contractor submitted the

requisite test results, as per the tender conditions. Audit however, observed

that the test results carried the date 31 January 2013, which was prior to the

date of issue of notice inviting tender (08 February 2013) and the date of

award of work (15 February 2013) and thus, highly irregular.

2.1.10.2 Deficient quality control tests

The GoI sanctioned (October 2008) the work of ‘Improvement to Watur–

Jintur–Aundha Road SH-220 in km 19/00 to 29/00’ under CRF. The work was

technically sanctioned (December 2008) by CE, PW Region, Aurangabad at a

cost of ` 5.50 crore. The scope of work inter alia included excavation of the

existing surface in chainage 19/00 km to 26/700 km to drain out excessive

water. The excavation was to be refilled with suitable material. The tender

conditions provided for testing27

of material to be used for refilling, before

commencement of refilling work by the contractor. The tender conditions also

provided for withholding of 15 per cent of the total amount payable to the

contractor for refilling work, if the prescribed tests are not conducted.

Audit scrutiny of the records of EE, PW Division, Parbhani revealed that the

work was awarded (January 2010) at a cost of ` 5.44 crore. The contractor

was required to furnish 28 test results for using 8,557.43 cum of GSB for

refilling till the 11th

and final bill (December 2012) against which, only one

test result was furnished. However, full payment of ` 91.14 lakh was released

to the contractor without holding back ` 13.67 lakh, being 15 per cent of the

total amount payable on account of refilling work.

2.1.11 Monitoring

In order to ensure execution of works as per guidelines issued by GoI, GoM

and NABARD, regular monitoring of the works sanctioned under the three

funding arrangements at all levels was essential. The following deficiencies

were noticed in audit:

27For every 300 cum for GSB material used for refilling, CBR test (soaked and un-soaked)

was required to be conducted. The test results should also mention natural moisture

content, optimum moisture content / maximum dry density etc.


28

2.1.11.1 Works under CRF

Rule 11 (1) of CRF Rules, 2007 stipulates submission of PCR by the

implementing agency duly verified by audit immediately upon completion of

works.

Scrutiny of the records of CE, PW Region, Mumbai revealed that of the 237

projects sanctioned by MoRTH during 2008-11, PCRs in respect of 112

projects were submitted (March 2013) by the implementing agencies without

audit.

During exit conference, Secretary (Roads), PWD while accepting the fact

stated (October 2013) that necessary instruction would be issued in this regard.

Rule 11(3) of CRF Rule, 2007 required that physical and financial progress of

works shall be reviewed and discussed with the executive agency (CE, PW

Region, Mumbai) on quarterly basis by the Central Government. However,

only six review meetings were held against 20 meetings required to be held

during the period 2008-13.

As per Rule 10 (4) of CRF Rules, 2007, the Regional Officer, SE, MoRTH

based at Mumbai was to measure not less than 30 per cent of the value of the

works to ensure execution of works as per standards and specifications.

However, the Regional Officer, SE, MoRTH did not measure any works

during the period 2008-13.

2.1.11.2 Works under FC-XIII

The HLMC was constituted at the State level to ensure proper utilization of

grants and monitor the physical and financial targets by adhering to conditions

specified by the Finance Commission. For this purpose, the HLMC was

required to meet on quarterly basis and the minutes of the meetings were to be

forwarded to the MoF, Department of Expenditure, Finance Commission

Division. The GoM was also required to furnish UCs as per General Financial

Rules, 2005 for the grants-in-aid received by it.

Audit observed that only one meeting each of HLMC was held in the year

2011-12 and 2012-13. Further, the HLMC did not prescribe any

reports/returns to be furnished by the implementing agencies for monitoring

the execution of FC-XIII works. The GoM submitted UCs to GoI for the year

2011-12 in August 2012. This resulted in delayed receipt (March 2013) of

grants-in-aid for the year 2012-13 and affected the timely execution of works.

2.1.12 Conclusion

The Performance Audit revealed that the targets for road lengths fixed in the

20 year road development plan for the period 1981 to 2001 were not achieved.

Road works proposed under CRF were sanctioned by the GoM regardless of

the priority of their execution. Release of funds under CRF was stopped due to

inability of the State Government to complete the approved works within the

stipulated timeframe. Funds received under FC-XIII were either surrendered

or the utilization was very low. Funds were claimed in excess of the actual

expenditure. Funds sanctioned for approved works were irregularly diverted

for other works. There were deviations from the sanctioned scope of works.



29

not factual. The implementing agencies did not exercise adequate control over

the claims preferred by the contractors for bulk bitumen purported to be

bought by them and used in various road improvement works. There were

instances of substandard execution of works and works were held up for want

of forest clearance. Works were executed without conducting quality control

tests. Monitoring of works by the State Government was weak.

2.1.13 Recommendations

The Government may ensure that:

the road development plan 2001-2021 is implemented timely;

works are sanctioned in order of priority and completed timely;

status of works reported to GoI is factual;

the provisions of MPW Manual and MoRTH/IRC specifications are

strictly adhered to during execution of works;

the prescribed quality control tests are invariably conducted; and

monitoring of works at various levels is robust.

The Performance Audit Report was issued to the Government in August 2013;

the reply was awaited as of January 2014.


30

Food, Civil Supplies and Consumer Protection Department

2.2 Implementation of Targeted Public Distribution System in Maharashtra


Sponsored Scheme and the State Governments are responsible for its

implementation. PDS is a major instrument for ensuring timely availability of

foodgrains to the public at affordable prices as well as providing food security

for the poor. Under PDS, rice, wheat, sugar, edible oil, turdal and kerosene,

as notified by the GoI, are distributed. To strengthen the PDS, GoI introduced

the Targeted Public Distribution System in June 1997 for distribution of

foodgrains at subsidised rates to the families living Below Poverty Line (BPL).

Performance Audit of the Scheme for the period 2008-09 to 2012-13 revealed

that the list of BPL families was not reviewed every year for the purpose of

deletion of ineligible families. While the allotted quota of foodgrains was not

lifted by the State, there was avoidable expenditure on purchase of rice from

open market. Foodgrains were not tested before lifting from FCI. Construction

of additional godowns for augmenting the storage capacity of essential

commodities was far from satisfactory. The Scheme of direct transfer of cash

subsidy on kerosene oil was lagging behind and implementation of Vehicle

Tracking System was not effective. Monitoring of the Scheme was weak due to

non-constitution of requisite number of Vigilance Committees at various


ration cards by the designated authorities. The key findings are highlighted

below.

Highlights

The Food, Civil Supplies and Consumer Protection Department did not

review the list of BPL families leading to distribution of 42.23 lakh MT of

foodgrains valuing ` 2,102.71 crore to ineligible beneficiaries during the

period 2008-2013, while depriving 26.69 lakh BPL families of the benefits

of subsidised foodgrains.

(Paragraph 2.2.8.1)

The Department budgeted and received ` 1,284.42 crore as subsidy

towards foodgrains against the actual subsidy of ` 591.92 crore, resulting

in excess drawal of subsidy amounting to ` 692.50 crore.

(Paragraph 2.2.9.1)

Due to non-lifting of allotted quotas of rice and wheat by the State

Government, 16.09 lakh MT under BPL and 5.01 lakh MT under

Antyodaya Anna Yojna lapsed during 2008-13. The State Government’s

decision to purchase rice from open market without lifting full quota

from GoI also led to an additional financial burden of ` 10.91 crore.

(Paragraphs 2.2.10.2 and 2.2.10.3)


31

Joint inspections of foodgrains before their lifting from FCI were not

conducted by the Department during the period 2008-13, in violation of

the PDS (Control) Order, 2001.

(Paragraph 2.2.10.4)

Despite commencement of the Scheme of direct transfer of cash subsidy

on kerosene oil from August 2012 and release of ` 10 crore by GoI, the

Scheme could be implemented partially only in three out of six districts as

of March 2013. Only 34 out of 1,068 Vehicle Tracking Systems, installed

to ward off en-route pilferage and diversion of kerosene oil, were

functional.

(Paragraphs 2.2.12.2 and 2.2.12.3)

The monitoring mechanism of the Scheme was weak. There was shortfall

of 63 per cent and 39.02 per cent in inspection of godowns and fair price

shops respectively while the requisite numbers of Vigilance Committees

were not fully constituted at various levels.

(Paragraph 2.2.16)

2.2.1 Introduction


sponsored Scheme and the State Governments are responsible for its

implementation. The PDS involves procurement, storage and distribution of

foodgrains to ration card holders through Fair Price Shops28

(FPS) and is

regulated under the provisions of the PDS (Control) Order, 2001. PDS is a

major instrument for ensuring timely availability of foodgrains to the public at

affordable prices as well as providing food security for the poor. Under PDS,

rice, wheat, sugar, edible oil, turdal and kerosene oil (KO), as notified by the

GoI, are distributed.

2.2.1.1 Salient features of the Scheme

To strengthen the PDS, GoI introduced (June 1997) the Targeted Public

Distribution System (TPDS) under which 35 kg of foodgrains is issued per

month at subsidised rates to the families living Below Poverty Line (BPL).

The States are required to formulate and make arrangements for identification

of the poor, delivery of foodgrains to FPS and their distribution in a

transparent manner.

GoI launched (April 2000) the Annapurna Scheme for distribution of 10 kg of

foodgrains per month free of cost to those senior citizens who are eligible for

old age pension under the National Old Age Pension Scheme or the State

Pension Scheme but presently not receiving the same. The Scheme was

implemented in the State from April 2001.

GoI also launched the Antyodaya Anna Yojna (AAY) in December 2000 with

a view to targeting the poorest of the poor. The Scheme envisaged distribution

of 35 kg of foodgrains per month at highly subsidised rates of ` two per kg of

wheat and ` three per kg of rice.

28Fair Price Shops are public distribution shops


32

The GoI procures and allocates foodgrains to Government of Maharashtra

(GoM) at Central Issue Price (CIP). Based on the allocation received, the

foodgrains is lifted by the Food, Civil Supplies and Consumer Protection

Department (Department) from Food Corporation of India (FCI) and allocated

to FPS for distribution to the eligible card holders.

GoI allocates KO to GoM which in turn is allocated to the FPS through KO

dealers appointed by GoI. Based on GoI allocation, sugar is lifted from sugar

factories by sugar nominees29

appointed by GoM, for distribution to card

holders through FPS.

As on March 2013, the network of PDS in the State comprised of 52,136 FPS

and the total number of ration cards was 215.94 lakh. The category of ration

card holders, quantum of foodgrains eligible for distribution etc. as on

March 2013 is given in Appendix 2.2.1. The total capacity (March 2013) of

Government godowns used for storage of PDS foodgrains was

5.62 lakh Metric Ton (MT).

2.2.2 Organisational set up

The Principal Secretary, Food, Civil Supplies and Consumer Protection

Department is responsible for implementation of the Scheme at the State level.

At the District level, TPDS is implemented through District Supply Officers

assisted by the Tahsildars at the Taluka level. An organogram of the

Department is shown below.

2.2.3 Scope and methodology of audit

A Performance Audit was conducted between May and August 2013 by test

check of records in the offices of the Food, Civil Supplies and Consumer

Protection Department, the Financial Advisor and Deputy Secretary and the

29Society/person who maintains stock of sugar in each district {Maharashtra levy sugar

(Regulation and Distribution) Act, 1981}


33

Supply Commissioner. At field level, 11 units were selected for audit by

random sampling method. These were eight District Supply Offices (DSO) at

Amravati, Beed, Chandrapur, Jalgaon, Nandurbar, Pune, Solapur and Thane;

Food Distribution Officers (FDO), Pune and Solapur; and Controller of

Rationing in Mumbai and Thane Rationing Area. Two talukas from each of

the selected districts/rationing areas were selected for test check on random

basis. Audit also undertook beneficiaries’ survey jointly with the Department,

covering 4,290 ration card holders from four FPS selected on random basis in

each of the selected talukas/rationing areas to assess consumer satisfaction

with regard to working of FPS, quality of foodgrains supplied etc. The period

covered by audit was for five years from 2008-09 to 2012-13.

The audit objectives and the audit criteria adopted for the Performance Audit

were discussed with the Principal Secretary, Food, Civil Supplies and

Consumer Protection Department in an entry Conference held on

28 May 2013. An exit conference was held on 26 November 2013 with the

Secretary of the Department wherein the audit findings were discussed. The

reply furnished (November 2013) by the GoM has been suitably incorporated

at appropriate places.

2.2.4 Audit objectives

The Performance Audit was conducted to seek an assurance whether:

identification of beneficiaries and issue of ration cards were

appropriate and effective;

financial management was efficient;

the system of allocation, lifting, transportation, storage and distribution

of foodgrains was adequate and effective; and

adequate and effective monitoring mechanism was in place.

2.2.5 Audit criteria

The audit criteria adopted were:

Guiding principles prescribed by the GoI relating to identification of

beneficiaries;

Provisions of the PDS (Control) Order, 2001;

Orders/instructions of the GoM for issue of ration cards, weeding out

of bogus ration cards and units, scales of issue and quality of

foodgrains;

GoM norms for payment of transportation/incidental charges for

foodgrains; and

Prescribed monitoring mechanism.

2.2.6 Past audit coverage

A Performance Audit on Food Security, Subsidy and Management of

foodgrains in the State had appeared in the Report of the Comptroller and

Auditor General of India for the year 2005-06. The Action Taken Report of

the Department on the recommendations (April 2012) of the Public Accounts

Committee (PAC) was submitted to PAC in November 2013.


34

2.2.7 Acknowledgement

Audit acknowledges the cooperation and assistance extended by the

Department at various stages of conducting the Performance Audit.

Audit findings

2.2.8 Identification of beneficiaries

Under TPDS, the States are required to formulate and make arrangements for

identification of the poor for delivery of foodgrains to them through FPS in a

transparent manner. The audit findings on identification of BPL families and

review of the ration cards are discussed in the succeeding paragraphs.

2.2.8.1 Improper identification of beneficiaries

As per the criteria fixed (November 1999/August 2001) by the GoM,

families which were included in the Integrated Rural Development Project

(IRDP) list of BPL families for 1997-9830

having annual income less than

` 15,000 were eligible for issue of BPL cards under TPDS in rural areas,

provided other conditions of not owning two wheelers or four wheelers,

gas connections etc. were fulfilled. In urban areas, families having annual

income less than ` 15,000 and fulfilling other conditions of not owning

two wheelers or four wheelers, gas connections etc. were eligible for issue

of BPL cards. The criteria of not owning two wheelers and gas

connections were removed by the Department from May 2005. Audit


As per the PDS (Control) Order, 2001, the list of BPL and AAY families

was to be reviewed by the Department every year for the purpose of

deletion of ineligible families and inclusion of new eligible families. The

Department did not review the list of BPL and AAY families every year

during the period 2008-13 except for special drives conducted in 2009 and

2011 which led to cancellation of 1.50 lakh and 1.25 lakh BPL cards

during these two years.

A survey of the beneficiaries was conducted by the Rural Development

Department (RDD) in 2002 and a revised list of BPL families was

published in November 2006. As per the revised list, the number of BPL

families in the rural areas was 45.02 lakh. Comparison of the BPL

beneficiaries in rural areas done by the Department in January 2010

revealed that 26.69 lakh new families had become eligible as per the

2006 survey while 26.84 lakh families included in the earlier survey of

1997 were not found to be eligible. However, the list was not reviewed and

revised and resulted in distribution of 42.23 lakh MT of foodgrains valuing

` 2,102.71 crore31 to ineligible beneficiaries32 during the period 2008-13

while 26.69 lakh BPL families were deprived of the benefits of subsidised

foodgrains.

30Based on the survey conducted by the Rural Development Department (RDD) in 1997

31The quantity has been worked out considering the average lifting of rice and wheat for

BPL beneficiaries and the amount has been worked out considering the issue price of rice

and wheat 32

For 2008-09 and 2009-10 (26,83,607); 2010-11 (25,33,213); 2011-12 and

2012-13 (24,08,670)


35

In the urban areas, survey of the beneficiaries was conducted by the Urban

Development Department (UDD) in 2005 and the number of BPL families

was finalised (May 2013) at 15.20 lakh.

As against 59.67 lakh BPL families in the State as per the last survey

finalised by RDD and UDD, the number of BPL card holders under TPDS

was 67.82 lakh as of May 2013. Thus, there were 8.15 lakh excess BPL

card holders in the State because the Department did not review the BPL

cards based on the surveys conducted by RDD and UDD.

The Government stated (November 2013) that based on the survey conducted

by RDD, 20 lakh appeals were filed and on finalisation of appeals by

May 2013, 1.47 lakh households were deleted and 0.92 lakh households were

added to the list and the net BPL households stood at 44.47 lakh. The total

number of BPL households identified by RDD and UDD by May 2013 was

thus, 59.67 lakh (44.47 lakh + 15.20 lakh). The Government added that the

BPL survey data prior to finalisation of appeals, if adopted, would have

resulted in decrease in coverage of BPL beneficiaries resulting in forgoing of

benefits of highly subsidized foodgrains under the Scheme.

The reply is not acceptable as the objective of the Government was to

distribute the subsidized foodgrains only to eligible beneficiaries. Further,

even after finalisation of appeals, the total BPL families in the State stood at

59.67 lakh while there were 67.82 lakh BPL card holders as of May 2013.

2.2.8.2 Review of ration cards

As per the PDS (Control) Order, 2001, a ration card shall be valid for a period

of five years from the date of issue unless it is suspended or cancelled earlier.

Further, a ration card shall be issued afresh or renewed after fresh verification

of antecedents and such other checks as may be prescribed by the GoM. Audit


In four test-checked units (DSOs Beed, Nandurbar, Jalgaon and Thane

Rationing Area), ration cards were issued to the applicants on the basis of

self-declarations and affidavits. The Department did not coordinate with

other Government Departments viz., Revenue Department and Regional

Transport Office to ascertain the correctness of information provided in the

application forms with regard to ownership of four wheelers, land holding

details etc. to facilitate weeding out of ineligible cards.

There were instances where the cards were issued on the basis of

incomplete information furnished in the application forms, non-declaration

of income and non-authentication by the rationing authorities of

districts/rationing areas.

In four test-checked units (Amravati, Beed, Jalgaon and Nandurbar)

account of blank ration cards was not maintained and the stock of ration

cards was also not physically verified during the period 2008-13. Due to

improper maintenance of ration cards, the possibility of unauthorized use

of ration cards could not be ruled out.

The Government stated (November 2013) that detailed instructions regarding

precautions to be taken while issuing ration cards, procedure to be followed

for taking proper care of blank ration cards etc. has been issued in June 2013.


36

2.2.9 Financial management

The Department operates a Personal Ledger Account (PLA) which is

maintained by the Financial Advisor and Deputy Secretary. PLA is also

maintained by each DSO into which funds are transferred by the Financial

Advisor and Deputy Secretary. The budget estimates and the actual

expenditure of the Department under revenue and capital heads during

2008-09 to 2012-13 were as under:

Table1: Capital and revenue budget and expenditure

(` in crore)

Year

Revenue Capital Excess (+)/Savings (-)

Final

Budget

Actual

Expenditure

Final

Budget

Actual

Expenditure Revenue Capital

2008-09 580.28 481.44 2115.31 2315.40 -98.84 +200.09

2009-10 683.81 675.79 4009.86 3778.50 -8.02 -231.36

2010-11 736.78 734.54 4124.37 3672.27 -2.24 -452.10

2011-12 431.41 431.65 3871.67 3416.92 +0.24 -454.75

2012-13 484.51 477.69 4139.31 3254.40 -6.82 -884.91

(Source: Information furnished by the Department)

The Department stated (November 2013) that the excess of capital expenditure

over the budget estimates during 2008-09 was met from funds in the PLA and

the excess was due to purchase and distribution of palm oil, rice and wheat to

prevent increase in prices. The Department also added that the savings during

the period 2009-13 were due to technical problems in the Budget Distribution

System (2009-10), late receipt of funds (2010-11), reduction in number of

beneficiaries subsequent to drive conducted by the Department to review the

ration cards (2009 and 2011) and late issue33

of order by GoM for district-wise

allocation of foodgrains for the month of April 2013.

2.2.9.1 Irregular drawal of subsidy

Subsidy is given by the GoM for the difference in price between CIP plus

handling and administrative charges and the ex-godown price. The handling

and administrative charges was fixed vide Government Resolution (GR) of

November 1992 at 12 per cent, five per cent and six per cent on purchase

price of foodgrains, palm oil and other commodities respectively. The total

subsidy received by the Department during 2008-13 was ` 1,904.31 crore.

Audit scrutiny revealed the following:

The percentage of handling and administrative charges for distribution of

rice and wheat under AAY Scheme during 2009-12 was reckoned at

20 per cent instead of 12 per cent specified by the GoM in 1992, resulting

in excess subsidy to the extent of ` 41.25 crore.

During the period 2009-12, the Department without considering previous

years’ lifting of foodgrains, budgeted the subsidy based on the number of

ration cards and entitlement of foodgrains per card and received a total of

` 1,284.42 crore as subsidy. The actual subsidy worked out (August 2012)

33Order was issued on 31 March 2013


37

by the Department was ` 591.92 crore34 for this period, resulting in

irregular drawl of subsidy of ` 692.50 crore, which was lying in PLA.

An amount of ` 619.89 crore was received as subsidy by the Department

for the year 2008-09 and 2012-13. However, the actual subsidy was not

worked out by the Department as claims from districts were awaited.

The Government stated (November 2013) that the handling and administrative

charges as a percentage of the CIP under AAY works out lower than BPL due

to lower CIP of foodgrains under AAY, though the handling and

administrative charges remains the same under both the Schemes. Government

further stated that the balance subsidy of ` 692.50 crore would be adjusted on

finalisation of subsidy accounts on APL/BPL sugar, turdal and palm oil for the

period 2009-12 under intimation to Finance Department.

The reply is not acceptable as the GR of November 1992 stipulated levy of

12 per cent handling and administrative charges irrespective of the purchase

price of foodgrains. Further, the final adjustment of the balance subsidy of

` 692.50 crore was awaited in audit (January 2014).

2.2.9.2 Non-disposal of empty gunny bags

As per the directives issued by GoM (November 1999), the stock of empty

gunny bags used for carrying foodgrains was required to be disposed off

through tendering/auction every year. Scrutiny of records in nine out of

11 test-checked units revealed that 25.56 lakh empty gunny bags35

were lying

for more than a year as on May 2013. Further, non-disposal of empty gunny

bags resulted not only in blocking of Government revenue to the extent of

` 1.59 crore (based on the rates received in the last tender) but also led to their

deterioration.

The Government stated (November 2013) that all the District Collectors have

been instructed (July 2013) to review the stocks of empty gunny bags and take

necessary action for their disposal.

2.2.9.3 Advances outstanding with Food Corporation of India

Based on the monthly allocation of foodgrains made by GoI under TPDS, the

foodgrains are to be lifted by the DSOs/FDOs from FCI depots after making

full advance payment towards the cost of foodgrains. On failure of the

DSOs/FDOs to lift full quantity of foodgrains, the cost towards the unlifted

quantity was to be claimed from FCI. Scrutiny of records relating to advances

paid to FCI in the test-checked units revealed that advances amounting to

` 77.96 crore were pending adjustment/ recovery from FCI in eight units36

as

on 31 March 2013 of which, ` 11.44 crore was pending adjustment/recovery

for more than three years.

The Government stated (November 2013) that as on October 2013, out of

` 77.96 crore, ` 64.15 crore has been recovered from FCI.

34BPL ` 266.86 crore, AAY ` 275.13 crore and APL ` 49.93 crore

35Includes serviceable (5.64 lakh), unserviceable (17.52 lakh) and pieces of gunny bags

(2.40 lakh) 36

Amravati, Beed, Mumbai and Thane Rationing area, Jalgaon, Nandurbar, Pune, Solapur

and Thane


38

2.2.10 Allocation and distribution of foodgrains and other

commodities

The allocation of foodgrains under the TPDS is done by GoI considering the

number of BPL and AAY beneficiaries. The foodgrains so received from GoI

is allotted monthly to the districts based on the number of beneficiaries in the

districts. The foodgrains are lifted by the DSOs from the FCI depots after

making advance payment. The lifting of foodgrains from the FCI depots and

their transportation to various godowns in the talukas is arranged by the DSOs

through private transport contractors. The FPS remits the cost of foodgrains in

the treasury, based on the foodgrains allotted by the talukas during the month.

The foodgrains are thereafter, lifted by the FPS owners for distribution to the

card holders at the price fixed by the Department. In Mumbai and Thane

rationing area and FDO Pune, the foodgrains are lifted by the Association of

FPS/FPS directly from FCI depots and distributed to card holders.

2.2.10.1 Discrepancies in allocation and lifting of foodgrains

Comparison of the figures of allotment and lifting of foodgrains as furnished

by FCI and the Department for the period 2008-13 revealed discrepancies as

shown in Appendix 2.2.2 and summarised in Table 2.

Table 2: Discrepancies in allocation and lifting of foodgrains

(in 10,000 MT)

Category of

card holders

Departmental figures less than

FCI figures

Departmental figure more than

FCI figures

Allocation Lifting Allocation Lifting

APL 0 17.20 116.60 5.14

BPL 37.05 36.73 60.35 1.70

AAY 5.58 11.66 1.83 0

(Source: Information furnished by Department and FCI)

The discrepancies in allotment and lifting of foodgrains need to be reconciled

and investigated to ensure that no unauthorised diversion of foodgrains had

taken place.

2.2.10.2 Non-lifting of allotted foodgrains from FCI

The foodgrains are required to be lifted from FCI depots within 10 days of the

receipt of allocation orders from GoI. On failure of the DSOs to lift the

allotted quantity of foodgrains from FCI depots within the stipulated time

period, the non-lifted quantity of foodgrains lapses. Audit scrutiny revealed

the following:

During 2008-13, 16.09 lakh MT (16.05 per cent of the allotment) of rice

and wheat under BPL and 5.01 lakh MT (9.86 per cent of the allotment) of

rice and wheat under AAY lapsed due to non-lifting of the allotted

quantity of foodgrains (Appendix 2.2.3).

In the 11 test-checked units, 9.24 lakh MT (12.76 per cent of the

allotment) of rice and wheat under BPL and 4.62 lakh MT (10.84 per cent

of the allotment) of rice and wheat under AAY lapsed due to non-lifting of

the allotted quantity of foodgrains (Appendix 2.2.4). This resulted in

beneficiaries being deprived of foodgrains to that extent.


39

The Government attributed (November 2013) the reasons for non-lifting/short-

lifting of foodgrains to labour problems, unloading of rakes at FCI godowns,

non-lifting during holidays, non-availability of foodgrains at FCI godowns and

non-cooperation of FCI staff. The Government added that efforts are being

made to sort out the issue in consultation with FCI.

2.2.10.3 Avoidable extra expenditure on purchase of rice from open

market

The GoM decided (June 2008) to distribute five kg of rice per month per card

to APL beneficiaries (saffron card) at subsidised rates for three months for

providing relief from inflation in essential commodities. As per the decision,

the Scheme was to commence from July 2008 and implemented through

Maharashtra State Co-operative Marketing Federation Limited (Marketing

Federation). Rice was to be procured at ` 16,816 per MT from the Marketing

Federation which was also responsible for its transportation to Government

godowns. An order was placed on the Marketing Federation for supply of

70,000 MT followed by orders for 43,103 MT (August 2008) and 5,568 MT

(September 2008) considering the demands from the districts. Against the total

ordered quantity of 1.19 lakh MT37

, the Marketing Federation supplied only

66,994 MT up to December 2008. Audit observed the following:

During 2008 -09, against the total allocation of 51,287 MT of rice by the

GoI, the lifting was only 36,785 MT (72 per cent). Purchase of rice from

the Marketing Federation without lifting the full quantity allocated by GoI

resulted in procurement of at least 14,502 MT of rice at higher prices from

the Marketing Federation, leading to an avoidable extra expenditure of

` 10.91 crore38

.

Despite time extension, the Marketing Federation supplied only

0.96 lakh MT as against the ordered quantity of 1.19 lakh MT thus,

defeating the objective of providing relief to APL card holders from

inflation.

The Government stated (November 2013) that due to meagre allotment of rice

by the GoI prior to 2008-09, the GoI was requested to provide additional

allocation of rice, which was not provided. Therefore, GoM decided to procure

additional rice from the Marketing Federation for the APL card holders. The

reply is not acceptable as full allocated quota of rice for APL beneficiaries of

51,287 MT during the year 2008-09 was not lifted from the FCI before placing

orders with the Marketing Federation at higher rates.

2.2.10.4 Non-testing of quality of foodgrains

To ensure the prescribed quality of foodgrains, the PDS (Control) Order, 2001

stipulates that before making payment to FCI, the representatives of the State

Governments or their nominees and FCI should conduct joint inspection of the

stocks of foodgrains. The PDS (Control) Order, 2001 further provides that FCI

37Up to 30 September 2008: 70,000 MT; Up to 30 December 2008: 43,103 MT; and Up to

10 January 2009: 5,568 MT 38 ` 16,816 per MT procurement cost from Marketing Federation less ` 9,296 per MT CIP of

APL rice from GoI (including 12 per cent handling and administrative charges) = ` 7,520

per MT * 14,502 MT = ` 10.91 crore


40

should issue to the State Governments stack-wise sealed samples of the stock

of foodgrains. Audit observed that joint inspections were not conducted by any

of the units test-checked, except Controller of Rationing, Mumbai. Further,

stack-wise sealed samples of the stock of foodgrains were also not obtained by

the Department in all the test-checked units. In view of non-adherence to the

quality checks prescribed in the PDS (Control) Order, 2001, there was no

guarantee that foodgrains of requisite quality was distributed under TPDS.

The Government stated (November 2013) that the District officials lift the

foodgrains after joint inspection. However, no documentary evidence relating

to joint inspections having been conducted were made available to audit.

Further, the reply did not address the issue of non-receipt of stack-wise sealed

samples from the FCI.

2.2.11 Allocation and distribution of sugar

GoI allocates sugar to the GoM every year for distribution under TPDS. The

sugar nominees appointed by the District Collectors lift levy sugar39

from the

sugar factories designated by the GoI at prices fixed by the GoI and distribute

to the BPL and AAY cardholders through FPS.

Scrutiny of records relating to the allocation and distribution of sugar revealed

that against the allocation of 12.98 lakh MT during 2008-13, the lifting of

sugar was only 8.75 lakh MT. The shortfall in lifting was 4.23 lakh MT

(32.59 per cent). In the beneficiaries’ survey conducted by Audit jointly with

the Departmental officials, 10 per cent of the BPL beneficiaries complained of

short-supply/non-supply of sugar. Further information provided by the

Department and the test-checked units revealed discrepancies in allocation and

lifting of BPL sugar during 2008-13 and APL40

sugar during 2009-10 and

2010-11, as shown in Appendices 2.2.5 and 2.2.6 and summarised in Table 3

below.

Table 3: Discrepancies in allocation and lifting of sugar

(in quintal)

Category of

card

holders

Departmental figures less than that

provided by test-checked units

Departmental figures more than

that provided by test checked units

Allocation Lifting Allocation Lifting

BPL 94479 133056 201786 125642

APL 434808 358435 552439 503858

(Source: Information furnished by Department and selected units)

The discrepancies in allocation and lifting of sugar in the test-checked units

and the Department indicated lack of proper monitoring and the possibility of

diversion of sugar cannot be ruled out.

The Government attributed (November 2013) the short lifting of sugar to

non-availability of sugar in sugar factories, refusal to supply sugar by the

sugar factories, non-lifting of quota by the sugar nominees etc. The

Government further stated that the concerned District Collectors have been

permitted to file cases against the erring sugar factories and issue notices for

cancellation of licenses and forfeiture of security deposits of sugar nominees.

39Of the total production in the sugar factory, 10 per cent sugar is reserved as levy sugar for

distribution under TPDS 40

Sugar was allocated to APL card holders in 2009-10 and 2010-11 only


41

2.2.11.1 Blocking of funds on account of delay in reimbursement of

sugar subsidy

The price at which the sugar nominees sell sugar to FPS and the price at which

the FPS issue sugar to card holders are fixed by GoI. The cost of purchase of

sugar by the sugar nominees including handling and transportation charges

and margin, less sales realization from FPS is claimed as subsidy by the sugar

nominees from the Department. The Department in turn, prefers the claim

with GoI (FCI) for reimbursement of the cost paid to the sugar nominees.

Scrutiny of records relating to sugar subsidy revealed that claims amounting to

` 73.68 crore preferred by the Department with GoI pertaining to period 1979-

80 to 2011-12 were outstanding as on November 2013. Audit scrutiny also

revealed that claims for the period 2008-2009 to 2011-2012 were submitted by

the Department to GoI after a lapse of six months to one year of the closure of

the financial years while claim for the year 2012-2013 was not submitted as of

November 2013.

The Government stated (November 2013) that reimbursement claims for levy

sugar is to be submitted after receipt of monthly accounts from all the districts

and steps are being taken to speed up the submission of claims.

2.2.12 Allocation of kerosene oil

The Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas, GoI allocates quota of KO to each

State based on their demand, at subsidised rate. The State in turn allocates KO

to the districts based on the demand of the districts. Based on the allocation,

KO dealers41

appointed by GoI lift KO from depots of oil companies of GoI

and distribute the same to the FPS. The sale price to the card holders is fixed

by each district after considering various factors viz., the ex-depot price of KO

and other incidental charges like commission of the dealers/FPS, shortage due

to temperature variation and handling, transportation charges, toll tax and

octroi etc.

The demand raised by the State and allocation of KO made by GoI during

2008-13 was as given below:

Table 4: Demand and allocation of KO

(in kilo litres)

Year Demand Allocation Shortfall in percentage

2008-09 23,05,739 16,40,316 29

2009-10 23,05,739 16,40,412 29

2010-11 23,05,739 15,64,176 32

2011-12 22,75,907 12,58,872 45

2012-13 21,71,568 9,45,720 56

(Source: Information compiled by audit from data furnished by Department)

The shortfall in allocation of KO ranged between 29 and 56 per cent during

the period 2008-09 to 2012-13. Considering the short-allocation of KO by GoI

and the fact that the quantum of KO to be distributed was based on the number

of persons per card and the number of gas cylinders held, it was necessary to

review the ration cards from time to time to weed out ineligible beneficiaries

for ensuring proper distribution of KO. This was however, not done as evident

41The kerosene oil dealers are private individuals or cooperative societies


42

from the table above which showed that the demand for KO during the first

three years (2008-09 to 2010-11) remained stagnant at 23.06 lakh Kilo litres

(KL) and then reduced to 22.76 lakh KL in 2011-12 and to 21.72 lakh KL in

2012-13.

Audit scrutiny further revealed that the number of households in the State

having two gas cylinders, as per the data of oil companies, was 92.23 lakh as

against 42.79 lakh assessed by the Department. Moreover, the number of

households in the State having piped gas connection (as per data of Mahanagar

Gas Limited) was 5.83 lakh (March 2013) which was not considered by the

Department while identifying the eligible beneficiaries. Thus, proper targeting

of eligible beneficiaries for supply of KO was not done.

The Government stated (November 2013) that instructions have been issued in

May 2012 to all the districts to stamp the ration cards of all those beneficiaries

holding gas cylinders, by August 2012. Thereafter, the exact number of

beneficiaries holding gas cylinders would be available. The fact remained that

stamping of ration cards was not complete as of November 2013 thus,

delaying the process of weeding out of ineligible beneficiaries for allocation of

KO.

It was also observed that allocation done by the Department to districts was

not commensurate with the demands raised by the districts and varied between

50.82 per cent (Pune) and 77.57 per cent (Yavatmal) as detailed in

Appendix 2.2.7.

2.2.12.1 Discrepancies in allocation and release of KO as per data of

State Level Coordinator of oil companies and the

Department

The details of allocation and release of KO as per the data of State Level

Coordinator (SLC) of oil companies and the Department during the period

2008-13 is given below.

Table 5: Discrepancies in allocation and release of KO during 2008-13

(in kilo litres)

Year

As per State Level

Coordinator of oil companies As per Department Difference

Allocation Release Allocation Release Allocation Release

1 2 3 4 5 6 (4-2) 7 (5-3)

2008-09 16,40,786 16,40,256 16,40,316 16,39,668 -470 -588

2009-10 16,40,416 16,40,546 16,40,412 16,38,273 -4 -2273

2010-11 15,64,176 15,62,744 15,64,176 15,57,927 0 -4817

2011-12 12,58,812 12,57,085 12,58,872 12,62,984 60 5899

2012-13 9,45,720 9,45,036 9,45,720 9,49,468 0 4432

Source: Information furnished by SLC of oil companies and Department

From the above table it can be seen that figures of KO releases of the

Department were lower than those of oil companies by 7,678 KL during

the period 2008-11, while the figures of KO releases of the Department were

higher than those of oil companies by 10,331 KL during 2011-12 and 2012-13.

Also, the figures of allocation of KO of the Department were lower than those

of oil companies during 2008-10 by 474 KL, while it was more by 60 KL

during 2011-12.


43

The Department needs to reconcile the discrepancies in allotment and release

of KO with the oil companies to ensure that unauthorized diversion of KO

does not take place.

2.2.12.2 Non-commencement of direct transfer of cash subsidy on

kerosene

The Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas (GoI), based on the

recommendations of the Task Force constituted under the Chairmanship of

Unique Identification Authority of India (UIDAI), decided (October 2011) to

implement the Scheme of Direct Transfer of Cash Subsidy on Kerosene

(DTCK) in the States to reduce the diversion of KO and at the same time

ensure that beneficiaries get the benefit of subsidy on PDS KO directly in their

bank accounts. The States were to establish an institutional mechanism for

cash transfer of KO subsidy to the bank account of the ration card holders. The

Ministry of Finance, GoI fixed a lump sum one time grant of ` 100 crore for

the States which joined DTCK prior to 31 March 2012.

GoM agreed to implement the Scheme in March 2012 and GoI instructed (July

2012) to expedite the work of opening of bank accounts of the beneficiaries in

six districts of Maharashtra viz., Wardha, Mumbai, Mumbai Suburbs,

Amravati, Pune and Nandurbar. The Scheme was to be implemented

throughout the State by 31 March 2013. GoI released grant of ` 10 crore in

March 2013 while the next instalment of ` 50 crore was to be released only

after self-certification of completion of one month of movement of KO at full

retail sale price in the entire State. Scrutiny of records revealed the

Department initiated steps to implement the Scheme in August 2012.

However, till March 2013, the bank accounts of beneficiaries were opened

only partially in three districts of Amravati (51 per cent), Nandurbar

(66 per cent) and Wardha (71 per cent).

The Government stated (November 2013) that the Scheme was not

implemented from July 2013 as its concerns over transfer of subsidy outside

the budgetary procedure on lines of MGNREGA and the infrastructure

required for electronic capturing of sale transactions from KO retailers at

market price were not resolved by GoI.

The fact, however, remained that despite commencement of the Scheme from

August 2012 and release of ` 10 crore by GoI, DTCK could be implemented

partially only in three out of six districts in the State and the objective to

reduce diversion of KO and direct transfer of cash subsidy into the bank

account of the beneficiaries was not achieved.

2.2.12.3 Delay in implementation of Vehicle Tracking System

The Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas (GoI) requested (February 2011)

the GoM to install Global Positioning System42

based Vehicle Tracking

System (VTS) for tracking the movements of vehicles/tankers carrying PDS

KO. The system was to generate alerts for route and time deviations in respect

of vehicles carrying PDS KO and thus, expected to act as an effective tool in

warding off incidences of en-route pilferage and diversion. The GoI offered

42It is a satellite based navigation system that provides location and time information of any

moving object in all-weather conditions, anywhere on or near the earth


44

technical and institutional support from the oil marketing companies in this

regard and intimated (March 2011) that the approximate cost of installation of

VTS on each vehicle would be ` 13,000, to be borne by GoM and the oil

companies.

Audit observed that though VTS was installed on 1,068 out of 1,107 vehicles

throughout the State by November 2013 at a total cost of ` 1.39 crore, only

34 vehicles installed with VTS in Kolhapur district were operational.

The Government while accepting (November 2013) the facts attributed the

non-working of VTS in other districts to technical problems. Since 97 per cent

of the VTS installed in vehicles/tankers were non-functional, the objective to

curb leakages/diversion of PDS KO was not achieved.

2.2.13 Poor coverage in distribution of palm oil

The Department decided (June 2008) to distribute GoI subsidized palm oil to

all the eligible beneficiaries, except APL white card holders, at the rate of one

litre per card per month. The palm oil procured from the State Trading

Corporation (STC) was to be transported to Government godowns by the

Marketing Federation for final distribution to card holders.

Audit scrutiny revealed that the supply of palm oil was not regular. As against

the average monthly requirement of 5,536.06 KL of palm oil in the eight test-

checked units43

, the average monthly allotment was only 1,213.91 KL

(21.93 per cent) during 2008-09 to 2012-13. The actual distribution of palm

oil was also very poor. Only 8.78 to 34.22 per cent of the eligible card holders

were distributed palm oil in eight test-checked units. In the beneficiaries’

survey conducted by Audit jointly with the Departmental officials, 98 per cent

of the beneficiaries complained of short/non-supply of palm oil.

The Government stated (November 2013) that supply of subsidized palm oil

remained irregular due to time taken for agreement with the Central Public

Sector Undertaking, import of oil, availability, actual shipment, packing and

distribution to the beneficiaries.

2.2.14 Delay in implementation of the Scheme for improving the

system of delivery of foodgrains to FPS and card holders

In order to improve the delivery mechanism of foodgrains under TPDS, the

Scheme of door- step delivery of foodgrains to FPS was being implemented by

the GoM in tribal and drought prone areas since March 1993 and March 1998

respectively, by transporting the foodgrains from Government godowns to the

FPS through Government owned/hired vehicles operated by Tribal

Development Corporations (TDC) and Marketing Federations on contract

basis.

The Scheme was extended to all the districts by July 2003 but discontinued

from October 2005, which was contrary to the recommendations of the GoI of

April 2005 to institute an efficient and effective delivery mechanism for

distribution of foodgrains through door-step delivery. The GoM belatedly

constituted (July 2009) a Committee to study the difficulties in

43DSOs at Amravati, Beed, Chandrapur, Jalgaon, Nandurbar, Pune, Solapur and Controller

of Rationing in Mumbai and Thane Rationing Area


45

implementation of the door-step delivery Scheme and to suggest remedial

measures to make the delivery mechanism more effective. The Committee

gave its recommendations in February 2010 and based on these

recommendations, the GoM formulated a new Scheme namely ‘Dhanya Hami

Yojana’ only in February 2012 which envisaged transportation of foodgrains

from Government godowns to the FPS/village square/public place on a

designated day for direct distribution to BPL and AAY card holders44

,

installation of GPS on vehicles carrying foodgrains etc.

The Government stated (November 2013) that the delay in constitution of

Committee as well as formulation of new Scheme was due to administrative

reasons. The Government added that a number of court cases were filed on the

implementation of the new Scheme. The fact remained that delay in

constitution of the Committee led to delay in formulating the new Scheme by

the GoM and delayed the improvement of the system of delivery of foodgrains

to FPS and the card holders by more than six years (April 2005 to

February 2012).

2.2.14.1 Non-claiming of octroi wrongly paid to FCI

As per provisions of Section 146 (1) of Bombay Provincial Municipal

Corporations (BPMC) Act, 1949 read with Section 194 (1) of Mumbai

Municipal Corporation (MMC) Act, 1888, no octroi shall be leviable on any

article which, at the time of its importation, is certified by an officer

empowered by the Government concerned in this behalf to be the property of

the Government to be used or intended to be used solely for public purposes

and not to be used or intended to be used for purposes of profit. Further, sub-

section (2) of both the Acts provide that if any article on which octroi is paid is

imported under a written declaration signed by the importer that such article is

being imported for the purpose of fulfilling a specified contract with the

Government or otherwise for the use of the Government or solely for public

purpose, the full amount of duty paid thereon shall be refunded.

Scrutiny of accounts of the Department for the year 2008-1245

revealed that

octroi amounting to ` 6.55 crore46

was paid by the Department to FCI along

with the cost of foodgrains in 13 districts. However, the Department did not

claim any refund from FCI under the provisions contained in sub-section (2)

of the above Acts.

The Government stated (November 2013) that octroi was paid to FCI under

the provisions of Section 127 (2) (a) and 149 (1) of the BPMC Act, 1949.

The reply is not correct as no octroi is leviable on foodgrains as per the

provisions of Section 146 (1) of BPMC Act, 1949 and Section 194 (1) of

MMC Act, 1888.

44The distribution of foodgrains under the Scheme to BPL and AAY card holders was to be

done provided 60 per cent of the BPL and AAY card holders attached to FPS agree and

pay for lifting of three months foodgrain quota 45

Accounts of 2012-13 was not finalized (January 2014) 46

2008-09: ` 2.07 crore; 2009-10: ` 1.41 crore; 2010-11: ` 1.75 crore; and 2011-12:

` 1.32 crore


46

2.2.15 Delay in construction of godowns

The foodgrains transported from FCI depots are stored in Government

godowns for further distribution to card holders through FPS. The storage

capacity of 931 godowns47

actually used for storage of essential commodities

under TPDS in the Maharashtra State was 5.26 lakh MT as on June 2012.

Since the existing capacity of the godowns was sufficient to store foodgrains

only for 43 days, the Department decided to augment the storage capacity of

the Government godowns considering the storage requirement for two more

months and future increased allocations. The GoM prepared (March 2012) an

action plan to construct 584 additional godowns in 34 districts to augment the

storage capacity by 5.95 lakh MT at a total outlay of ` 484.13 crore, which

was sanctioned under Rural Infrastructure Development Fund of National

Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD) in March 2012. The

loan component from NABARD was ` 459.93 crore while balance fund of

` 24.20 crore was to be provided by GoM. All the 584 godowns were

scheduled for completion by March 2014.

NABARD released mobilisation advance of ` 91.98 crore (20 per cent) in

March 2012 and balance amount was to be reimbursed based on actual

expenditure incurred on the project. The funds released by NABARD were

deposited in the Consolidated Fund of the State which was to be released by

the Finance Department, GoM after making budgetary provisions every year.

Scrutiny of records revealed that of the 128 godowns for which funds were

released by Finance Department, construction of only 31 godowns was

complete as of November 2013; work on eight godowns could not commence

due to non-availability of land; work on 66 godowns were in progress;

estimates were under preparation for one godown; and tendering process was

in progress for 22 godowns. Considering the pace with which the work of

construction of godowns is progressing, it is highly improbable that the

timeline of March 2014 for completion of all the 584 godowns would be

achieved thus, defeating the objective of creation of additional storage

capacity for foodgrains.

The Government while admitting the unsatisfactory progress of construction

of godowns, stated (November 2013) that administrative approval had been

granted to construction of 234 godowns having capacity of 3.24 lakh MT.

2.2.15.1 Non-insurance of foodgrains stored in godowns

As per the Finance Department, GoM orders of February 1966, foodgrains

stored in Government godowns need to be insured. Scrutiny of records in

seven48

out of 11 test-checked units revealed that foodgrains stored in 199

godowns with an aggregate storage capacity of 1.05 lakh MT were not insured

by the Department.

47Capacity of 1,024 Government owned godowns: 5.62 lakh MT less 192 not useable

godowns : 0.78 lakh MT less 11 hired out Government godowns: 0.06 lakh MT plus 110

hired godowns by Government:0.48 lakh MT 48

DSOs at Amravati, Beed, Chandrapur, Jalgaon, Nandurbar, Thane and FDO, Solapur


47

The Government stated (November 2013) that instructions have been issued to

the DSOs and FDOs for insuring the foodgrains stored in Government/hired

godowns.

2.2.16 Monitoring

With a view to ensuring proper functioning of TPDS, the PDS (Control)

Order, 2001 emphasised the need for adequate monitoring through different

mechanisms such as, inspection of shops, formation of Vigilance Committees,

rendition of periodical returns, use of computerised system etc.

2.2.16.1 Shortfall in inspections of godowns

The GoM in its Circular dated May 2006, reiterated the need for detailed

inspection of accounts of godowns as well as foodgrains stored in the godowns

by various inspection authorities in the districts and also by the two Godown

Inspection Squads (GIS) of Supply Commissioner, Mumbai. The GIS were

expected to verify the stocks, scientific stacking of bags, fumigation etc.

during such inspections. Each GIS was required to visit 200 godowns every

year. The Office of the Supply Commissioner was required to furnish a

consolidated report of the annual inspections to the GoM.

Scrutiny of records revealed that the two GIS inspected only 739 godowns

during 2008-13 as against 2,000 godowns to be inspected in this period. Thus,

there was shortfall of 63 per cent in inspection of godowns by GIS. The

consolidated annual reports on inspection of godowns were also not furnished

to GoM during 2008-13.

The Government stated (November 2013) that due to shortage of staff, the

norms for inspection of godowns by two GIS was decided to be revised to 100

inspections per annum by the Principal Secretary, Food, Civil Supplies and

Consumer Protection Department in October 2007. It was further stated that

1,287 godowns were inspected during 2008-09 to 2012-13.

The reply is not acceptable as the amendment to GoM Circular of May 2006,

reducing the quantum of inspections to be conducted by the GIS, was not

issued. Further, reduction in the number of godowns to be inspected per GIS

was likely to render the monitoring mechanism weak. Re-verification by Audit

revealed that only 739 godowns were inspected by the two GIS, as against

1,287 claimed by the Government.

2.2.16.2 Deficient inspection of fair price shops and ration cards

As per Clause 8 of the PDS (Control) Order, 2001 read with paragraph 6 of the

Annexe, the State Governments were to ensure regular inspections of FPS i.e.

not less than once in six months by the designated authority. The State

Governments were also to issue orders specifying the inspection schedule, list

of check points and the authority responsible for ensuring compliance to such

orders. Further, the GoM, with a view to making inspection of FPS more

effective, directed (April 2005) that the Supply Inspector was to verify at least

50 ration cards during FPS inspection by calling the beneficiaries or by

conducting home visits. The shortfall in inspection of FPS was pointed out in

the Report of Comptroller and Auditor General of India (Civil) for the year

ended March 2006. Audit scrutiny revealed that shortfall in inspection of FPS

continued as detailed below.


48

During the period January 2008 to December 2012, against 5.10 lakh

inspections of FPS to be carried out, only 3.11 lakh inspections were

conducted by the Department, leading to a shortfall of 39.02 per cent in

inspections. The fact that through inspections of FPS the Department had

collected (January 2008 to March 2013) fines amounting to ` 5.37 crore

from the owners of FPS for various lapses, clearly showed that it was

paramount for the Department to ensure that the requisite number of

inspections should have been conducted. Audit further observed that of the

total number of FPS inspected by the Department, lapses were detected in

91 per cent, 55.17 per cent and 53.73 per cent FPS in Parbhani,

Aurangabad and Solapur districts respectively.

In the 11 test-checked units the shortfall in inspection of FPS ranged

between one per cent (Mumbai Rationing Area, 2011) and 79 per cent

(DSO, Pune, 2008).

In none of the test-checked units the required verification of 50 ration

cards was carried out. Three units49

stated that verification of the ration

cards was done, but could not produce any documentary evidence to Audit

to support the claim.

The Government stated (November 2013) that instructions were issued from

time to time to the District Collectors to initiate disciplinary action against

officials who failed to conduct the prescribed inspections of FPS. Audit

however, observed that in the test-checked units, no disciplinary action was

taken against officials despite their failure to conduct the requisite number of

inspections.

2.2.16.3 Shortfall in constitution of Vigilance Committees

As per PDS (Control) Order, 2001 and GR of January 2008, Vigilance

Committees (VC) at the Village/FPS, Taluka, District, Municipal Council,

Municipal Corporation and State levels were to be constituted to monitor the

distribution of commodities under PDS. The functions of the VCs included

monitoring the allocation, lifting and distribution of foodgrains, checking the

quality of foodgrains, inspection of records of FPS and reporting on the

complaints received from the card holders. The meetings of the VCs at all

levels were required to be held at least once a month except at State level,

where it was required to be held once in two months.

The details of VCs required to be constituted, actually constituted and the

shortfalls are shown in Table 6.

Table 6: Shortfall in constitution of Vigilance Committees

Levels

No. of Vigilance Committees

To be

constituted

Actually

constituted Shortfall

Shortfall in

percentage

Village/FPS 43924 31650 12274 27.94

Taluka 351 326 25 7.12

Municipal Corporation 77 74 3 3.90

Municipal Council 221 186 35 15.84

(Source: Information furnished by the Department)

49DSOs at Pune and Solapur; FDO at Pune


49

As could be seen from Table above, there was shortfall in the constitution of

12,274 village level VCs, 25 Taluka level VCs and 38 Municipal Corporation

and Municipal Council level VCs in the State as on March 2013.

Further, the VCs did not hold regular monthly meetings and the shortfall in

conducting the meetings ranged between 29 per cent and 70 per cent during

the period 2011-13. Besides, only four out of 30 meetings of the State level

VCs were held during the period 2008-13. In the beneficiaries’ survey,

95 per cent of the beneficiaries stated that they were not aware of the existence

of VCs.

Non-constitution of VCs at various levels, non-holding of periodical meetings

and lack of awareness of the beneficiaries about the existence of VCs

indicated deficient monitoring of the Scheme.

The Government stated (November 2013) that appointment of the non-

Governmental members in the VCs at different levels was a time consuming

process. The Government further stated that the District Collectors were

instructed to take action against the member Secretaries who failed to hold the

VC meetings. It added that instructions have been issued to hold VC meetings

on every Lokshahi Din50

which should be widely publicised.

2.2.16.4 Computerisation of TPDS

The Department appointed (March 2006) M/s 3i Infotech Limited as

consultant for computerization of TPDS. The work was awarded for

` 24.26 lakh and the scope of work included study and data capturing, bid

process management, coordination and monitoring the implementation along

with training. Payment was to be made to the consultant as per stages of

completion of work. The Department paid (October 2008) ` seven lakh of the

` 10.92 lakh claimed by the consultant.

Tenders were invited (June 2007) for setting up the infrastructure and

development of computer software, which included issue of paper-based ration

card with photo of the head of the family along with a barcode and hologram

for unique identification, finger prints of all the members of the family in the

computerized database, supply of hand-held machines51

to all FPS, computers

at Taluka and godown levels for accounting etc. The costs were to be

recovered from the card holders by charging for issue/re-issue of ration cards

and other related services.

The offer of M/s Spanco Telesystem Solution Limited (STSL) as a Total

Service Provider on Built, Operate, Own and Transfer (BOOT) basis at

` 124.98 crore was found to be the lowest. The proposal for awarding the

contract was forwarded (February 2008) to the Principal Secretary (Financial

Reforms) for approval, who recommended the use of smart card biometric

technology instead of barcode provided for in the tender. The

recommendations of the Principal Secretary (Financial Reforms) were not

accepted by a High Power Committee (February 2008) due to high cost of

implementation of the project involving smart card technology. Eventually, an

50The day designated for resolving the public grievances at Taluka/Collector/Municipal

Commissioner/Divisional Commissioner/Mantralaya level 51

Hand held machine records the sale of the goods to card holders by reading the bar code


50

agreement was signed (September 2008) with STSL at a cost of ` 124.98 crore

for a period of three years up to September 2011 after which, the assets were

to be transferred to the Department.

It was seen in audit that in February 2009 the Department reviewed the scope

of work as it found the biometric system to be more cost-effective and thus,

within four months of signing of the agreement, requested STSL for change in

scope of work52

to introduce the biometric technology instead of barcode.

Upon STSL’s refusal (August 2009) to implement changes in the scope of

work, the Department belatedly served (December 2010) a termination notice

to the firm. STSL disputed (October 2011) the decision of the Department and

the matter has been pending with the arbitrator (Principal Secretary, Food,

Civil Supplies and Consumer Protection Department) for over two years

(January 2014).

The Government stated (January 2014) that the scope of the said project was

reviewed and biometric system was found to be cost-effective and was

confirmed by an Expert Committee53

in July 2009. Hence, the opinion of the

Finance Department, which was initially not agreed to, was finally accepted.

The non-acceptance in February 2008 of the initial recommendation of the

Principal Secretary (Financial Reforms) for biometric ration cards and then

agreeing to the same in February 2009, four months after the contract was

signed, led not only to the termination of the agreement but also to arbitration

which has been pending for over two years. The computerisation of TPDS

which was to be completed in September 2011 has not been done till date

(January 2014).

Further audit scrutiny revealed that the GoM submitted (December 2011) a

proposal under the plan Scheme of ‘End-to-end Computerization of TPDS’ to

GoI for an amount of ` 102.77 crore to be shared equally between the State

Government and the GoI. The project cost was revised (June 2013) by the

GoM to ` 74.88 crore. The scope of work included development of software,

establishment of data centre, data digitization etc. As per MoU signed between

GoM and GoI, the digitization of beneficiaries and other databases and

computerisation of supply chain was to be completed by March 2013 and

October 2013 respectively. The GoI sanctioned (June 2013) the proposal for

` 69.72 crore and released (July 2013) an amount of ` 20.91 crore. An

expenditure of ` 6.28 crore has been incurred on the project till May 2013.

The Government stated (November 2013) that data entry under Depot Code

Management System, Stakeholder Management System obtained from NIC

has been completed while data entry under Existing Ration Management

System is completed to the extent of 99 per cent. However, verification of the

data entered in the system is under progress.

52 The change in scope of work was approved by HPC in May 2009.

53An Expert Committee was formed in 2009 to review the work awarded to STSL, as the bar

code technology envisaged in BOOT agreement had become obsolete and was not

foolproof to authenticate and identify the beneficiaries


51

2.2.16.5 Non-submission of Utilisation Certificates and periodical

reports

As per Clause 8 of the PDS (Control) Order, 2001 read with Annexe 1, the

future allocation of foodgrains to the States is to be linked to the receipt of

regular reports from the respective States and furnishing of utilisation

certificates (UCs) within a period of two months from the month in which

allocation was made.

Scrutiny of record in the office of the Supply Commissioner revealed that the

Department did not submit UCs to GoI since October 2008 and the monthly

reports as required under PDS (Control) Order, 2001.

The Government stated (November 2013) that the UCs from October 2008 to

March 2009 and from April 2009 to September 2009 had been submitted to

GoI in August 2013 and October 2013 respectively. The Government added

that UCs for the period from October 2009 would be submitted in due course.

However, UCs from October 2009 onwards are yet to be submitted to the GoI

(January 2014).

2.2.17 Conclusion

The functioning of Targeted Public Distribution System in the State was beset

with several deficiencies. Identification of BPL families was faulty leading to

inclusion of many ineligible families while eligible families were deprived of

the benefits of the Scheme. Ration cards were issued on the basis of self

declaration and affidavits without cross-checking the information from the

related Departments. There were instances of irregular drawl of subsidy and

huge advances pending adjustment with the FCI. While non-lifting of

foodgrains from FCI led to BPL beneficiaries being deprived of the benefits

under the scheme, there was avoidable expenditure on purchase of rice from

open market. The quality of foodgrains lifted from FCI was not tested.

Targeting of beneficiaries for distribution of PDS kerosene oil was not

adequate as it was not effectively linked to the number of gas cylinders held or

those having piped gas connections. The Scheme of direct transfer of cash

subsidy on kerosene oil was lagging behind and implementation of Vehicle

Tracking System was not effective. Monitoring of the Scheme was weak due

to non-constitution of requisite number of Vigilance Committees at various


ration cards by the designated authorities.

2.2.18 Recommendations

The list of BPL beneficiaries under TPDS should be reviewed every year to

weed out ineligible beneficiaries;

The subsidy on foodgrains should be budgeted realistically;

Efforts should be made to ensure that entire quantity of foodgrains

allocated by GoI is lifted and joint inspections conducted to ensure the

quality of foodgrains, before lifting from FCI;

Efforts need to be made to speed up the construction of the remaining

godowns for augmenting the storage capacity and the Vehicle Tracking

System already installed on vehicles be made functional; and


52

Prescribed number of inspections of godowns, fair price shops and ration

cards may be ensured and the gaps in constitution of Vigilance Committees

at various levels be bridged for effective monitoring of the Scheme.

Chapter III

Audit of Transactions

Audit of transactions of the Government Department, their field formations as

well as that of the Autonomous Bodies brought out instances of lapses in

management of resources and failure in the observance of the norms of

regularity, propriety and economy. These have been presented in the

succeeding paragraphs under broad objective heads.

3.1 Non-compliance with rules and regulations

For sound financial administration and financial control, it is essential that

expenditure conforms to the financial rules, regulations and orders issued by

the competent authority. This not only prevents irregularities,

misappropriations and frauds, but also helps in maintaining good financial

discipline. The audit findings on non-compliance with rules and regulations

are indicated below.


3.1.1 Blocking of funds and avoidable loss of interest

Award of work without ensuring possession of land for a project coupled

with grant of mobilization advance of ` eight crore resulted in blocking of

funds to that extent and avoidable loss of interest of ` 3.03 crore to the

Government.

As per paragraph 251 of the Maharashtra Public Works Manual, no work

should be commenced on land which has not been duly made over by the

responsible Civil Officer. When tenders for works are accepted but the land

required for the purpose is still to be acquired the time that should be allowed

for the acquisition of land should be ascertained from the Collectors concerned

before orders to commence the works are issued.

Mention was made in the Reports of the Comptroller and Auditor General of

India54 regarding award of works without ensuring availability of land leading

to time and cost overruns and blocking of funds. Despite repeated audit

observations, the Government continues to incur capital expenditure on works

services without ensuring availability of land. A case akin to those reported

earlier is discussed below.

Work of construction of masonry dam, gated spillway earthen dam, guide

walls, energy dissipation arrangement and design, manufacture, supply and

erection of radial gates of Varkhed-Londhe barrage in Chalisgaon taluka,

district Jalgaon was awarded (August 2009) to a contractor at a cost of

` 115.74 crore (14.98 per cent above the cost put to tender of ` 100.66 crore)

54 (i) Para 4.14 of AR for the year ended 31 March 1992 (ii) Para 4.5, 4.12 of AR for the year

ended 31 March 1998 (iii) Para 4.4.6 of AR for the year ended 31 March 2004 (iv) Para

4.2.7 of AR for the year ended 31 March 2007 (v) Para 3.5.1 of AR for the year ended

31 March 2009 (vi) Para 3.2.2 of AR for the year ended 31 March 2012 (Economic Sector

Report)


54

to be completed in 84 months (August 2016). The project entailed acquisition

of forest land (94.95 ha) and private land (19.34 ha).

As per tender Clause 21.11, the contractor was entitled to mobilization

advance (advance) not exceeding 10 per cent of estimated cost of work on

request, which carried an interest of 14 per cent per annum. The recovery of

interest and principal amount was to commence after completion of the first

10 per cent of the value of work done and the entire recovery was to be

completed by the time 75 per cent of the value of work was over. Further,

Clause 21.12 provided relief to the contractor if the progress of work was

adversely affected or totally stopped due to non-availability of key

construction material and land, attributable to the Government. In such case,

interest was to be totally waived off and recovery of installments for advance

granted postponed.

Scrutiny of records (November 2011) of Executive Engineer, Minor Irrigation

Division, Jalgaon revealed that an advance of ` eight crore was paid

(April 2011) to the contractor on his request (April 2010) even though no land

(either forest or private) was in the possession of the Department. The

Department had approached the State Forest Department in December 2009

and the Ministry of Environment and Forest (MoEF), GoI in October 2011 to

obtain clearances. The MoEF granted in-principle approval in January 2012,

but the forest land was not released as of December 2013, as the Department

deposited the Net Present Value (NPV) of only ` 3.50 crore against the total

NPV of ` 13.84 crore payable. The Department acquired private land only in

January 2013 and the dam work commenced only in February 2013. An

expenditure of ` 2.70 crore was incurred on the project till July 2013.

Failure of the Department to ensure availability of land before issue of work

order not only jeopardized the recovery of the principal amount (` eight crore)

and interest (` 3.03 crore55

up to December 2013) from the contractor due to

applicability of Clause 21.12 but also led to delay in commencement of work

by 42 months (August 2009 to February 2013). The work is likely to be

further delayed until the outstanding NPV is paid by the Department and the

forest land released by the MoEF.

The Chief Engineer, Tapi Irrigation Development Corporation, Jalgaon stated

(November 2012) that at the time of sanctioning the advance, the land

acquisition process was in progress and it was anticipated that the land would

be easily available for commencing the work. He added that recovery of

advance would be made from the upcoming work bills of the contractor.

The reply is not acceptable because issue of work order without ensuring that

land was in possession violated the codal provisions. Thus, payment of

advance of ` eight crore to the contractor not only blocked funds but was an

unintended benefit to the contractor.

The matter was referred to the Government in April 2013; their reply was

awaited as of January 2014.

55(i) Total period for computation of interest 20.04.2011 to 31.12.2013: -986 days

(ii) Advance paid ` eight crore

(iii) Interest due= ` 8,00,00,000x14 x 986 days÷365 x 100=` 3,02,55,340=` 3.03 crore

Chapter III – Audit of Trannsactions

55

3.1.2 Avoidable extra expenditure

The Water Resources Department incurred an avoidable extra

expenditure of ` 1.24 crore on change in canal alignment due to

commencement of work without possession of land.

As per paragraph 1.4.10 of Public Works Department Hand Book, the canal

alignment should be scrutinized to see whether it crosses important structures,

valuable properties or places so that they can be spared. Further, as per the

provisions of Maharashtra Public Works Manual and instructions issued by

Government of Maharashtra (May 1998), no work should be started on land

which is not acquired and not under the possession of the Department.

The construction of earth work, structures and lining in km one to six of

Chinchala Branch Canal of Isapur Right Bank Canal (RBC) in Umri, district

Nanded was awarded to a contractor (March 2007) at a cost of ` 6.35 crore

(4.91 per cent above the cost put to tender) with stipulated period of

completion of 36 months from the date of issue of work order (March 2010).

The contractor executed the work to the extent of ` 1.36 crore and the work

was under progress (July 2013).

Scrutiny of records of Executive Engineer, Upper Penganga Project Division,

No.6, Nanded (EE) revealed (February 2011) that during execution of work of

branch canal, the EE noticed that the original sanctioned alignment of the

canal from chainage 1,300 metre to 2,130 metre was passing through an old

and defunct railway line on the railway land. Though this fact was known to

the Division from the beginning, no action was taken to change the canal

alignment. When the Division approached (October 2007) the railway

authorities for transfer of land to Water Resources Department, the Railway

authorities opined that it would be a difficult and lengthy procedure to transfer

the land. As a result, the Department decided (March 2008) to shift the

alignment 20 metres towards command area, which was sanctioned by the

Chief Engineer and Chief Administrator, Command Area Development

Authority (CADA), Aurangabad in June 2008.

Audit observed that the Chief Engineer (CADA) approved (November 2008)

an additional amount of ` 5.56 crore to the contractor for payment under

Clause 3856

of the contract. As a result, the overall cost of the work increased

from ` 6.35 crore in March 2007 to ` 12.33 crore in November 2008. Further,

of the additional amount ` 5.56 crore, an amount of ` 1.24 crore was approved

for execution of additional quantities in respect of four items of work, due to

shifting of the canal alignment (Appendix 3.1). As of July 2013, a payment of

` 88.55 lakh (out of ` 1.24 crore) had been made to the contractor.

The commencement of work without having land under possession resulted in

avoidable extra expenditure of ` 1.24 crore. Further, the original project due to

be completed in March 2010 has been delayed by over 40 months

(August 2013) and the benefits of irrigation denied for agriculture.

56 Additional price payable for variation/increase in quantity of items over and above

125 per cent of the tendered quantities, at the current schedule of Rates (CSR) or

prevailing market rates (in the absence of CSR)


56

On this being pointed out, the EE admitted (June 2011) that the Division was

aware of the fact that the original canal alignment was passing through the

railway land but thought that the railway line being old and defunct, the land

would be easily acquired. However, after refusal of the land by the railway

authorities, an alternative alignment was decided upon.

The reply clearly indicated that the Department failed to ensure availability of

land before commencement of work and in the process, violated the codal

provisions, resulting in extra expenditure of ` 1.24 crore.

The matter was referred to the Government in May 2013; their reply was


3.1.3 Extra expenditure

Failure to conduct subsurface investigations before framing the estimates

and change in dam design after award of work of Popatkheda minor

irrigation project stage-II led to an extra expenditure of ` 2.52 crore.

As per Public Work Hands Book and Government Circular of 17 April 1989,

while designing and construction of earthen dams, the impervious stratum57

on

which Cut-off Trench (COT)58

rests should be investigated thoroughly by

taking trial bores etc. to avoid seepage and post-construction problems.

The estimates for main work for construction of Popatkheda minor irrigation

project (stage-II) were technically sanctioned by the Chief Engineer, Water

Resources Department, Amravati in May 2008 at a cost of ` 21.49 crore. The

work was awarded (December 2008) to a contractor for ` 23.42 crore

(13.40 per cent above the cost put to tender of ` 20.65 crore). The stipulated

period of completion of the work was 24 months (December 2010). The

contractor executed works to the extent of ` 28.89 crore till March 2011 and

the work was held up since October 2013 due to non-execution of work

relating to head regulator portion of the dam.

Scrutiny of records (August 2011) of the Executive Engineer, Minor Irrigation

Division No. 2, Akola (EE) revealed that design and detailed estimates of

Popatkheda stage-II project were framed on the basis of design and data of

Popatkheda minor irrigation project stage-I which was completed in

June 2004. It was also mentioned in the detailed estimates of stage-II project

that the depth of COT would be decided at the time of actual execution.

Accordingly, the depth of COT was initially estimated at five to seven metres

and COT filling with black soil at 58,568 cum in the tender

(at ` 167.60 per cum). The contractor completed the excavation for COT in

January 2009 and noticed that due to striking of pervious strata at the depth of

five to seven metres, excavation was required to be done at a depth of

20 metre to achieve bed rock of desired quality. As a result, quantity of black

soil for COT increased to 1,71,312 cum. The EE moved (December 2009) a

proposal for payment to the contractor for increased quantity of black soil

57 The type of strata viz., hard rock/ soft rock which does not allow water to permeate/seep

through are called ‘impervious’ strata. The COT of the dam is rested on such strata so as to

avoid seepage 58

An excavation in the base of a dam or other structure filled with relatively impervious

material to reduce percolation


57

under Clause 38 of the contract. The Executive Director, Vidarbha Irrigation

Development Corporation (VIDC) sanctioned in February 2011 execution of

excess quantity of 98,10259

cum at the rate of ` 403.30 per cum. Failure to

conduct subsurface investigations before framing the estimates thus, resulted

in an extra expenditure of ` 2.31 crore60

.

Further, as per paragraph 55 (D) of Public Works Manual, the pre-construction

planning and design of dams for major irrigation projects are to be referred to

the Central Designs Organisation (CDO), Nashik for scrutiny and approval.

Any changes suggested in the design and drawings by the CDO need to be

incorporated and works executed accordingly.

Audit observed that the Superintending Engineer (SE), Buldhana Irrigation

Project Circle, Buldhana submitted a proposal to the SE (Earthen Dams),

CDO, Nashik for design of cross section of stage-II project based on slip circle

analysis61

on 11 December 2008 i.e. four days before the award of work

(15 December 2008). The SE, CDO, Nashik supplied (March 2009) the

revised design of cross section of the earthen dam of stage-II project based on

the results of stability calculations. Due to change in design of cross section of

the dam, the quantity of casing zone increased considerably from

7,64,466 cum as provided in tender to 12,20,160 cum. Payment for increased

quantity of casing zone (2,64,577 cum)62

was sanctioned (February 2011)

under Clause 38 of contract resulting in an extra expenditure of ` 20.64 lakh63

.

On this being pointed out, the EE stated (April 2013 and June 2013) that

Popatkheda (stage-II) project is adjacent to the Popatkheda (stage-I) project.

Both being earthen dams, the cross section of stage-I project was used for

preparing the estimates of stage-II project, which was approved in due course.

The reply is not acceptable as subsurface investigations were not carried out

before framing the estimates, which not only violated the manual provisions

and the Government instructions but also led to an extra expenditure of

` 2.31 crore. No reply was furnished by the EE for delay in submission of

proposal to CDO, Nashik for approval of design and drawings of the dam,

leading to the extra expenditure of ` 20.64 lakh.

The matter was reported to the Government in June 2013; their reply was


59i) Quantity as per agreement =58,568 cum

ii) Quantity permissible up to 125 per cent of the agreement quantity = 73,210 cum

iii) Over all revised quantity = 1,71,312 cum

iv) Excess quantity (iii-ii) = 98,102 cum60

` 403.30- ` 167.60 = ` 235.70 x 98,102 cum = ` 2,31,22,641.40 61

It is a method used for studying and analyzing the stability of slopes of earthen

embankments of dams, canals etc. 62

(i) Original quantity as per agreement: 7,64,466 cum (at ` 109 per cum)

(ii) Quantity up to 125 per cent: 9,55,583 cum

(iii) Revised overall quantity: 12,20,160 cum

(iv) Excess quantity : 12,20,160 cum – 9,55,583 cum = 2,64,577 cum (at ` 116.80 per cum) 63

Excess expenditure: 2,64,577 cum x ` 7.80 (` 116.80 - ` 109) = ` 20,63,700


58

3.1.4 Extra expenditure and unintended benefit to a contractor

Incorrect application of rates for excavation in hard rock by controlled

blasting resulted in an extra expenditure of ` 38.43 lakh and an

unintended benefit to the contractor to that extent.

The work of construction of balance earth work and lining in km 18.50 to

36.00 of Tirkaswadi Branch Canal of Isapur Right Bank Canal was awarded

(April 2008) to a contractor at a bid cost of ` 9.01 crore (34.76 per cent above

the estimated cost put to tender of ` 6.69 crore) with stipulated period of

completion of 24 months (April 2010). The cost of work was revised to

` 28.23 crore in December 2009 and the contractor was granted extension up

to 31 March 2012. The work was physically completed in March 2012 and the

contractor was paid ` 28.10 crore up to 10th

running account bill

(January 2013).

The basic rates of items for excavation in hard rock by controlled blasting as

mentioned in Regional Schedule of Rates (RSR) are inclusive of the cost of

secondary blasting64

. The Superintending Engineer (SE), Aurangabad

Irrigation Circle, Aurangabad, who framed the RSRs for the Aurangabad

Region, also confirmed (June 2013) to Audit that the cost for secondary

blasting is taken care of in the rate analysis of controlled blasting.

Audit scrutiny (November 2011) revealed that the EE submitted

(November 2009) a proposal for sanction of EIRL for excavation in hard rock

by controlled blasting in dry and wet conditions at a cost of ` 1.35 crore65

and

` 53.55 lakh66

respectively. The proposal was approved (December 2009) by

the Chief Engineer and Chief Administrator, Command Area Development

Authority (CADA), Aurangabad.

Scrutiny of rate analysis approved by the SE, Upper Penganga Project Circle,

Nanded revealed that an element of secondary blasting at the rate of

` 146.70 per cum in dry condition was also added to arrive at the final rate of

controlled blasting, leading to an extra expenditure and unintended benefit of

` 38.43 lakh to the contractor as detailed in the Appendix 3.2. Moreover,

measurements for secondary blasting were not found recorded in the

measurement book and the stock account of explosives were not produced to

audit for verification of the quantity of explosives used for secondary blasting.

On this being pointed out, the EE stated (November 2011) that during

excavation in hard strata, specific type of rock was met which required

secondary blasting. The rate analysis was prepared as per site conditions and

EIRL was got sanctioned from the competent authority. The EE further stated

that once measurement of excavated quantity is recorded, it is not possible to

record measurement of quantity excavated by secondary blasting accurately

and even if it is measured, it would only be repetition of earlier recorded

measurement.

64Secondary blasting is a method to re-blast a proportion of the rock on the quarry floor so as

to reduce it to a size suitable for handling by the excavators and crushers available 65

26,349.44 cum at ` 512.10 per cum

66 8,783.15 cum at ` 609.65 per cum


59

The reply furnished by the EE is not acceptable as provision for secondary

blasting is already included in the basic rates of RSR for controlled blasting.

Further, detailed instructions for secondary blasting are given in paragraph

6.1.3.5 of the Public Works Handbook wherein the scale of explosives

required for secondary blasting, based on the size of the boulders to be

excavated, is laid down and by using the scale it was possible to record the

measurement of secondary blasting and explosives used.

The matter was reported to the Government in June 2013; their reply was


Agriculture, Animal Husbandry, Dairy Development and

Fisheries Department

3.1.5 Loss of interest

Parking of grant-in-aid in the current account instead of savings account

resulted in loss of interest of ` 74.21 lakh.

Administrative approval for release of grant-in-aid (GIA) of ` 21.60 crore was

accorded (August 2009) by the Government of Maharashtra (GoM) for

implementation of the ‘Integrated Dairy Farm Project’ (Project) in 23 districts

of Vidarbha, Marathwada and Konkan regions during 2009-10 under the

Centrally Sponsored Scheme of Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana (RKVY). The

GIA was released vide GoM resolution of November 2009 and the same was

deposited and credited (17 December 2009) in the current account of the

Commissioner, Dairy Development, Worli, Mumbai in the State Bank of

India. As per the directive (August 2009) of the Ministry of Agriculture

(Department of Agriculture and Co-operation), Government of India (GoI),

the State Government/Implementing Agencies may earn interest from deposit

of GIA in banks. The interest thus, earned and the unspent funds would be

added to the respective scheme fund which would be authorized by respective

programme divisions by automatic revalidation, at the beginning of the each

financial year, for utilization on approved activities of the scheme.

Scrutiny of records (July 2010) of the Commissioner, Dairy Development,

Worli, Mumbai revealed that while the GIA was credited on

17 December 2009, it was disbursed to 46 Dairy Co-operative Societies at

` 46.38 lakh each only on 14 July 2010. Further information provided by the

Agriculture, Animal Husbandry, Dairy Development and Fisheries

Department (Department) revealed that as on 31 March 2013 only

` 17.70 crore was utilized by the Dairy Co-operative Societies. Parking of

GIA in current account (instead of savings account) for 209 days resulted in

loss of interest of ` 74.21 lakh 67

.

On being pointed out in audit (January 2012), the Government stated

(March 2012) that detailed guidelines for utilization of GIA was received in

February 2010 and the final approval for implementation of the Project was

received only in July 2010. It further stated that the current account was

67 Considering the period from 17 December 2009 to 14 July 2010 (209 days) the interest calculated @ 6

per cent on ` 21.60 crore if maintained in savings account would be ` 74.21 lakh

(` 21,60,00,000 x 6% x 209 ÷ 365)


60

opened as per the GoM instructions of 29 August 2005. The Government

added that it was not the objective of the State to earn interest on GIA but to

utilise them as early as possible.

The reply is not relevant as the Commissioner, Dairy Development should

have parked the GIA in savings account as per GoI directive of August 2009.

By not doing so, the Department lost ` 74.21 lakh on interest. Further, even

after parking the GIA in the current account, only ` 17.70 crore out of

` 21.60 crore (82 per cent) was utilized by the Dairy Co-operative Societies as

of March 2013, though the entire GIA was to be utilized during 2009-10 itself.

3.2 Audit against propriety/expenditure without justification

Authorization of expenditure from public funds has to be guided by the

principles of propriety and efficiency of public expenditure. Authorities

empowered to incur expenditure are expected to enforce the same vigilance as

a person of ordinary prudence would exercise in respect of his own money and

should enforce financial order and strict economy at every step. Audit detected

instances of impropriety and inadmissible payment/unfruitful expenditure,

which are discussed below.


3.2.1 Inadmissible payment

The Water Resources Department admitted the claim of a contractor for

bringing sand from an alternate quarry in violation of the contract

conditions, leading to inadmissible payment of ` 2.14 crore to the

contractor on account of extra lead charges.

Work of construction of Songiri Storage Tank, a part of Krishna-Marathwada

Lift Irrigation Scheme, was awarded (November 2008) to a contractor at a bid

cost of ` 54.21 crore on ‘C’ tender68 with stipulated period of completion of

36 months (November 2011). Clause 1.4.3 of the contract conditions

stipulated that the contractor may choose to collect sand in advance for use in

work as the extent of annual replenishment of the sand sources was not

known. The Clause further laid down that the contractor would make enquiries

regarding adequacy, proper quality and cost of sand, approaches to quarries

etc. He would also be responsible for making his own arrangements for

quarrying and transportation of sand from the quarry to work site and no claim

on this account would be entertained. Further, in the pre-bid meeting held on

21 February 2008, the Chief Engineer (Water Resources), Aurangabad (CE)

clarified to the contractor that in the event of exhaustion of quantities or

refusal of the Department to extract/use of material from quarries, extra lead

charges for bringing material from an alternate quarry to work site would not

be admissible. The contractor was granted extension up to December 2012 for

completion of the work and payment of ` 75.39 crore was made up to

July 2013.

68A lump sum contract where the contractor agrees to execute the work with all its

contingencies in accordance with the drawings and specifications for a fixed sum


61

Scrutiny of records of Executive Engineer, Lift Irrigation Division,

Osmanabad (EE) revealed (September 2011) that the EE submitted

(July 2010) a proposal for sanction of ` 2.21 crore to the contractor, being the

cost of extra lead charges, for bringing sand from an alternate quarry on the

ground that the sand available at the designated quarries was not fit for

utilization. The CE accorded (August 2010) approval for payment of

` 2.21 crore to the contractor for differential lead of 88 km (152 km-64 km)

and up to 22nd

Running Account bill, a payment of ` 2.14 crore was made

(July 2013) to the contractor towards differential lead charges.

The EE stated (February 2013) that at the time of framing the estimates it was

proposed to bring sand from Sina river. However, during execution of work

appropriate quality and quantity of sand was not found at the designated

quarry at Sina river by the contractor and the same had to be brought from an

alternate site at Purushottampuri on Godavari river which was at a distance of

152 km from the work site. This led to payment of extra lead charges to the

contractor.

The reply is not acceptable as payment of lead charges was inadmissible in

terms of Clause 1.4.3 of the contract conditions and also in view of the

clarification given by the CE in the pre-bid meeting held on 21 February 2008.

The payment of ` 2.14 crore already made may be recovered from the

contractor.

The matter was referred to the Government in May 2013; their reply was


3.2.2 Unfruitful expenditure

The Water Resources Department disbursed ` 1.69 crore to 3,688

beneficiaries in Bhandara and Nagpur districts, displaced by Gosikhurd

irrigation project, for computer training. The expenditure however,

proved to be unfruitful as none of the beneficiaries turned up for training

at the designated institutes and the training grants were retained by them.

With a view to creating employment opportunities for the project affected

persons (PAPs) of Gosikhurd irrigation project, the Government of

Maharashtra (GoM), as a special case, sanctioned (February 2010) a scheme

for imparting employment oriented technical training of six months duration to

one person per PAP family with approved maximum cost of ` 10,000 per

training per trainee. The GoM also issued a GR (2 February 2010) according

approval for incurring an expenditure of ` 14.62 crore in respect of 6,298 PAP

families of Bhandara district and 8,325 PAP families of Nagpur district under

the scheme. As per the GR, payment was to be made to the beneficiaries

through the Collectors of districts for which funds were to be placed at the

disposal of Collectors as per their demand, by the Vidarbha Irrigation

Development Corporation, Nagpur (VIDC). Training in basic computers was

one of the job oriented programmes that was prescribed under the scheme.

Scrutiny of records (April 2013 and June 2013) of the Executive Engineers of

Gosikhurd Rehabilitation Division (Ambadi), Bhandara and Gosikhurd

Rehabilitation Division, Nagpur (EEs) revealed that no guidelines were


62

framed for effective implementation of the scheme such as, selection of

institutes for imparting training, cost and duration of training, mode of

payment etc. However, the Superintending Engineer (SE) instructed

(November 2011) both the Divisions to disburse amount directly to the

beneficiaries via crossed cheques, on production of following documents:

An affidavit to the effect that the beneficiary is undergoing/completed the

training programme at the training institute (name to be indicated) duly

signed by the beneficiary;

Bonafide certificate of the institute imparting training to the beneficiary;

and

A copy of school leaving certificate.

An amount of ` 3.40 crore was paid to 3,400 beneficiaries by the Bhandara

Division and ` 1.08 crore was paid to 1,088 beneficiaries by the Nagpur

Division between April 2011 and June 2013 on the basis of above mentioned

certificates/documents submitted by the beneficiaries. Further audit enquiries

at three training institutes in Bhandara district69

and four institutes in Nagpur

district70

revealed that these institutes had issued bonafide certificates to 1,688

out of 4,488 beneficiaries but none of the beneficiaries had turned up for

training after collecting the certificates. Three institutes in Bhandara district

further confirmed that the beneficiaries gave false assurances that once they

get the certificate, the Government would issue cheque in the name of the

institute.

Because of the absence of specific guidelines and mechanism to implement

the computer training programme, an expenditure of ` 1.69 crore71

incurred

proved to be unfruitful as 1,688 beneficiaries did not attend the training

classes but retained the training grant disbursed to them.

On this being pointed out, the EEs accepted (April 2013 and June 2013) the

fact that amount of training grant was paid directly to the PAPs on the basis of

instructions received (November 2011) from the SE. The SE stated that there

were no clear guidelines for disbursement of training grant to PAPs. There

were numerous complaints from PAPs on this issue and in order to bring

uniformity in the procedure of disbursement of grants and to avoid delays,

instructions for direct payment were issued. The SE added that surprise

verification of training institutes was not conducted by the Divisions as PAPs

had given affidavits.

The reply is not acceptable as the GR of 2 February 2010 clearly stipulated

payment to beneficiaries only through the Collectors. Further, while the

Divisions took great pains in ensuring that there were no delays in

disbursement of training grant to the beneficiaries, the Divisions did not

69 (i) Globe Computer Institute (546), (ii) Advance Computer, Bhandara (141) and (iii) Oss

Computer Education (494) 70

(i) Om Computer Training Institute Nagpur (221), (ii) Abhilasha Computer Training

Institute (80), (iii) Oasis Computer Academy (88) and (iv) GMK Computer Academy

Nagpur (118) 71

1,688 PAPs x ` 10,000 = ` 1,68,80,000

Appendix 1.2

(Reference: Paragraph 1.7.3; Page: 7)

Statement showing number of paragraphs/reviews in respect of which Government’s explanatory memoranda had not been

received

Sr.

No.

Name of Department Up to

2005-06

2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 Total

1. Agriculture, Animal

Husbandry, Dairy

Development and

Fisheries

3 - - - 1 - 1 5

2. Public Works - - - - - - 1 1 3. Forest 2 - - - - - - 2 4. Tourism and Cultural

Affairs - - - - - 1 - 1

5. Water Resources 3 - - - - 4 7 14 6. Public Works and Water

Resources - - 1 - - - - 1

Total 8 - 1 - 1 5 9 24

66

Report No.5 (ES) for the year ended March 2013

Appendix 1.3

(Reference : Paragraph 1.7.3; Page: 8)

Department-wise position of PAC recommendations on which Action Taken Notes were awaited

Sl.

No. Name of the department

1985-86 to

2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 Total

1. Agriculture, Animal Husbandry,

Dairy Development & Fisheries 23 - - - 7 12 - - - - - 42

2. Public Works 13 - - - 3 - 2 - - - - 18

3. Forest - - - - - - 1 - - - - 01

4. Tourism and Cultural Affairs - - - - - - - - - -

-

5. Water Resources 28 - - 4 7 - - - - - - 39

6. Co-operation and Textile 4 - - - - - - - - - - 04

7. Industries, Energy and Labour 21 - - - - - - - - - - 21

Total 89 - - 4 17 12 3 - - - - 125

67

Appendix 2.1.1

(Reference: Paragraph 2.1.6.2; Page: 14)

Statement of sanction of works under CRF

(` in lakh)

Sr.

No. District

2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 Total

works

Total AA

cost No. of

works AA cost

No. of

works AA cost

No. of

works AA cost

1. Nandurbar 1 1,100.00 0 0 0 0 1 1,100.00

2. Thane 1 710.00 0 0 1 750.00 2 1,460.00

3. Chandrapur 2 3,905.00 0 0 4 2,290.00 6 6,195.00

4. Sindhudurg 2 1,500.00 0 0 1 1,850.00 3 3,350.00

5. Akola 4 1,720.00 0 0 0 0 4 1,720.00

6. Osmanabad 3 1,200.00 1 350.00 0 0 4 1,550.00

7. Dhule 3 2,000.00 0 0 1 1,100.00 4 3,100.00

8. Amravati 4 1,600.00 0 0 1 400.00 5 2,000.00

9. Bhandara 4 1,500.00 0 0 3 3,130.00 7 4,630.00

10. Wardha 3 1,621.00 0 0 0 0 3 1,621.00

11. Parbhani 3 1,420.00 1 130.00 0 0 4 1,550.00

12. Raigad 3 750.00 0 0 0 0 3 750.00

13. Ratnagiri 4 1,500.00 0 0 0 0 4 1,500.00

14. Kolhapur 2 2,524.90 0 0 1 550.00 3 3,074.90

15. Jalgaon 3 1,450.00 0 0 2 780.00 5 2,230.00

16. Gadhchiroli 7 4,690.00 0 0 0 0 7 4,690.00

17. Sangli 6 2,300.00 0 0 0 0 6 2,300.00

18. Hingoli 3 1,425.00 0 0 2 1,000.00 5 2,425.00

19. Washim 4 1,120.00 2 720.00 1 250.00 7 2,090.00

20. Buldana 4 1,265.00 3 1,190.00 0 0 7 2,455.00

21. Solapur 6 1,807.00 0 0 3 2,000.00 9 3,807.00

22. Gondia* 9 5,536.90 0 0 4 2,150.00 13 7,686.90

23. Jalna 5 1,080.00 2 470.00 0 0 7 1,550.00

24. Ahmednagar 5 2,535.00 2 1,540.00 1 600.00 8 4,675.00

25. Yavatmal* 4 1,860.00 0 0 6 3,600.00 10 5,460.00

26. Latur 4 1,035.00 2 390.00 1 500.00 7 1,925.00

27. Aurangabad 3 795.00 4 1,155.00 2 1,000.00 9 2,950.00

28. Satara* 9 2,289.60 0 0 2 1,000.00 11 3,289.60

29. Beed 4 960.00 5 1,190.00 1 500.00 10 2,650.00

30. Nanded* 5 2,040.00 10 5,630.50 1 2,000.00 16 9,670.50

31. Pune* 4 1460.00 5 2325.00 4 1,600.00 13 5385.00

32. Nashik* 6 2,900.00 3 6,900.00 10 8,750.00 19 18,550.00

33. Nagpur* 5 1,470.00 6 2,834.27 4 4,664.93 15 8,969.20

Total 135 61,069.40 46 24,824.77 56 40,464.93 237 1,26,359.10

(Source: GoI’s sanction letter for works under CRF)

* Seven out of 33 districts of the State which received 47 per cent of the sanctioned funds

Note: During 2011-13, no works were sanctioned

68


Appendix 2.1.2


Statement showing submission of same bitumen invoices for multiple works

Sr.

No. Division

Invoice No.

& Date

Quantity of

Bitumen

used in work

(MT)

Cost of

Bitumen

(` in

lakh)

Names of works for which bitumen consumed Scheme Name of

contractor

Name of

refinery

from where

bitumen was

procured

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

1. Public

Works

Division,

Yavatmal.

0027084 /

23.03.2010 19.41 6.38

1. Improvement to Ghatanji Parwa Road, km 0/00 to

17/00

2. Improvement to Sonkhas Ghatanji Road km

129/500 to 135/00

CRF

NTNBL (5054)

M/s Audarya

Construction HPCL

2.

0036809 /

18.03.2010 19.91 6.54

1. Improvement to Ghatanji Parwa Road, km 0/00 to

17/00

2. Improvement to Sonkhas Ghatanji Road k 129/500

to 135/00

CRF

NTNBL (5054)

M/s Audarya

Construction HPCL

3.

0070311/

01.05.2010 14.49 3.81

1. STBT to Moha madani Watkhed Gharfal Renukapur

to District Border in km 25/00 to 26/00, 33/550 to

34/600, 36/100 to 37/00

2. Strengthening to weak and narrow bridge on

Darwha – Yavatmal Road SH-212, km 148/200 –

150/600

NABARD

NTNBL (5054)

M/s R B

Contractor ESSAR

4.

0076699/

05.06.2010 14.83 3.87

1. STBT to Moha madani Watkhed Gharfal Renukapur

to District Border in km 25/00 to 26/00, 33/550 to

34/600, 36/100 to 37/00

2. Strengthening to weak and narrow bridge on

Darwha – Yavatmal Road SH-212, km 148/200 –

150/600

NABARD

NTNBL (5054)

M/s R B

Contractor ESSAR

5.

0031430/

30.04.2012 14.99 6.22

1. Improvement to Chandurbazar Tiwasa Dhamangaon

Yavatmal Road km 96/600 to 101/00 and 102/500 to

104/400

2. Improvement to Ner Mozar Satefal Road, km 18/00

to 20/00

FC-XIII

NTNBL (5054) M/s R B

Contractor HPCL

69

Appendix 2.1.2( Contd.)

Sr.

No. Division

Invoice No.

& Date

Quantity of

Bitumen

used in

work (MT)

Cost of

Bitumen

(` in lakh)


contractor

Name of

refinery

from where

bitumen was

procured

6.

0023123/

24.02.2012 14.78 6.59

1. Improvement to Chandurbazar Tiwasa Dhamangaon

Yavatmal Road km 96/600 to 101/00 and 102/500 to

104/400

2. Improvement to Ner Mozar Satefal Road, km 18/00 to

20/00

FC-XIII

NTNBL (5054) M/s R B

Contractor HPCL

7. Public

Works

Division,

Nanded.

617436890 /

20.01.2010 14.70 5.19

1. Improvement to Pimpalgaon pati to Degaon Yelegaon

to MSH – 2, Km 0/00 to 8/400

2. Imp. to Alegaon–Nila–Nanded MDR 71, km 0/00 to

11/00

CRF

M/s M S

Patne IOCL

8. 617438996/

10.02.2010 15.12 5.15


to MSH – 2, Km 0/00 to 8/400

2. Imp. to Alegaon–Nila–Nanded MDR 71, km 0/00 to

11/00

CRF

M/s M S

Patne IOCL

9.

617436490 /

13.01.2010 15.12 5.41


to MSH – 2, Km 0/00 to 8/400

2. Improvement to Alegaon – Nila – Nanded road MDR

71, km 0/00 to 11/00

CRF

M/s M S

Patne IOCL

10.

617438914 /

06.02.2010 15.16 5.17


to MSH – 2, Km 4/00 to 4/500


71, km 0/00 to 11/00

CRF

M/s M S

Patne IOCL

11.

617437192 /

28.01.2010 15.18 5.36


to MSH – 2, Km 0/00 to 8/400


71, km 4/00 to 4/500

CRF

M/s M S

Patne IOCL

12.

617439413 /

03.03.2009 15.13 4.45


to MSH – 2, Km 4/00 to 4/500


71, km 0/00 to 11/00

CRF

M/s M S

Patne IOCL

70

Appendix 2.1.2 (Concld.)

Sr.

No. Division

Invoice No. &

Date

Quantity of

Bitumen

used in

work (MT)

Cost of

Bitumen

(` in lakh)


contractor

Name of

refinery

from where

bitumen was

procured

13. Public

Works

Division No

III, Nagpur

0012868 /

20.03.2012 14.87 6.35

1. Renewal to BT Surface of Umred Girad Road (SH

258) in Umred Tahsil, km 0/00 to 6/00



FC-XIII

M/s P N

Dewalkar HPCL

14.

0019210 /

14.03.2012 14.76 6.37





FC-XIII

M/s P N

Dewalkar HPCL

15.

6000119304 /

19.03.2012 15.01 6.65





FC-XIII

M/s P N

Dewalkar BPCL

16.

0013039 /

23.03.2012 14.81 6.33





FC-XIII

M/s P N

Dewalkar HPCL

17.

0013477 /

25.03.2012 14.89 6.36





FC-XIII

M/s P N

Dewalkar HPCL

Total 263.16 96.20

(Source: Running Account Bills and invoices of bitumen of selected works in PW Divisions NTNBL (Non-Tribal Non-Backlog)

71

Appendix 2.1.3


Delay in testing of concrete cubes

Sr.

No. Name of work Division Scheme

Grade of

concrete

mix

Date of

casting of

cube

Due date of

testing

Actual date

of testing

of cubes

Delay in

testing

(Days)

Reply

1. Constructing of bridge on Kallam Dhoki

Ter Bembli Road SH-159 @ km 16/400, Tq

Kallam’

Construction

Division,

Osmanabad

NABARD M 10 20.02.2012 20.03.2012 13.07.2012 115 No specific reply

was furnished for

delay. M 15 20.03.2012 17.04.2012 13.07.2012 87

2. Construction of minor bridge at ch 8/0 of

Umred – Tarana – Mandhal road (MDR –

25) at Umred

Public Works

Division No.

III, Nagpur

NABARD M 20 and

M 25

15.06.2009 14.07.2009 21.04.2011 646

The facts were

accepted. The delays

were stated to be due

to rush of work in the

laboratory.

23.06.2009 21.07.2009 21.04.2011 639

08.08.2009 05.09.2009 21.04.2011 593

3. Improvement to Butibori Umred road, km

0/00 to 4/500, 21/00 to 22/500, 23/500 to

26/400

CRF M 15 12.05.2011 09.06.2011 27.12.2011 201

18.05.2011 15.06.2011 27.12.2011 195

18.06.2011 16.07.2011 27.12.2011 164

25.06.2011 23.07.2011 27.12.2011 157

30.06.2011 28.07.2011 27.12.2011 152

4. Improvement of Patansanwangi-

Bharatwada- Kuhi- Ambhora, SH 254 in

km 19/00 to 25/00

CRF M 15 22.01.2009 19.02.2009 05.06.2009 106

27.01.2009 24.02.2009 05.06.2009 101

5. Improvement to Kamari Hardaf Dhotra

Virsani Gharapur Himayatnagar Road,

MDR-11, km 5/00 to 13/500

Public Works

Division,

Bhokar

CRF M 15 10.12.2010 07.01.2011 03.03.2011 55 No reply was

furnished. M 20 20.12.2010 17.01.2011 03.03.2011 45

6. Constructing of bridge across Man River

near Balawadi village on Kamlaur

Mangwadi Chinke, ODR 108, Tq Sangola

Public Works

Division,

Pandharpur

NABARD M 15 18.04.2011 16.05.2011 26.08.2011 41 No specific reply

was furnished for

delay.

(Source: Running Account Bills, Quality Control Test Reports enclosed with the running account bills, Tender Agreements of selected works in PW Divisions)

72

Appendix 2.2.1

(Reference: Paragraph: 2.2.1.1; Page: 32)

Categorisation of ration cards and entitlement of foodgrains and other commodities

Category of

ration card

holders

Colour of

ration

card

Annual family

income

considered for

identification

of beneficiaries

Entitlement of foodgrains and other

commodities per month

Number of

ration

cards as on

March 2013 Foodgrains Sugar Turdal Palm

oil

BPL Yellow Up to ` 15,000 35 kg/card 500

gm/person

1

kg/card

1 litre

/card

43,74,512

Antyodaya

Anna Yojna Yellow

The poorest of

the poor among

BPL

35 kg/card 500

gm/person

1

kg/card

1 litre

/card

23,39,637

Annapurna

scheme

Not

specified

Indigent senior

citizens who are

eligible for old

age pension

10 kg/ person - - -

85,928

APL Saffron

Between

` 15,001 and

` one lakh

15 kg/card 2 kg/card 1 kg/

card

1 litre/

card

1,38,39,946

White Above ` one

lakh Not entitled to any benefits under PDS

9,54,221

Total 2,15,94,244

Source: Government Resolution issued by GoI and GoM and performance budget of the Department for the year

2013-14

Appendices

73

Appendix 2.2.2


Differences in the figures of allocation and lifting as furnished by FCI and Department during 2008-13

Year

Name of

the

Scheme

Allocation as

per the records

of Department

Allocation

as per

FCI

records

Difference

Lifting as

per records

of

Department

Lifting as

per FCI

records

Difference

Departmental figures less

than FCI Figures

Departmental figures

more than FCI Figures

(In 10,000 MT) Allocation Lifting Allocation Lifting

2008-09

APL 42.15 40.84 1.31 28.46 25.77 2.69 0 0 1.31 2.69

BPL 170.94 170.94 0 151.32 154.69 -3.37 0 3.37 0 0

AAY 103.49 103.49 0 88.00 90.26 -2.26 0 2.26 0 0

2009-10

APL 190.17 162.57 27.60 96.43 102.67 -6.24 0 6.24 27.60 0

BPL 170.94 170.94 0 157.47 160.05 -2.58 0 2.58 0 0

AAY 103.49 103.49 0 93.74 95.37 -1.63 0 1.63 0 0

2010-11

APL 207.90 134.32 73.58 103.69 101.24 2.45 0 0 73.58 2.45

BPL 208.52 160.06 48.46 167.74 166.04 1.70 0 0 48.46 1.70

AAY 100.88 100.88 0 92.20 94.37 -2.17 0 2.17 0 0

2011-12

APL 190.28 184.53 5.75 91.21 98.58 -7.37 0 7.37 5.75 0.0

BPL 233.57 270.62 -37.05 183.61 202.72 -19.11 37.05 19.11 0 0

AAY 98.27 103.85 -5.58 89.11 91.54 -2.43 5.58 2.43 0 0

2012-13

APL 201.47 193.11 8.36 112.84 116.43 -3.59 0 3.59 8.36 0

BPL 218.53 206.64 11.89 181.42 193.09 -11.67 0 11.67 11.89 0

AAY 102.01 100.18 1.83 95.11 98.28 -3.17 0 3.17 1.83 0

APL 0 17.20 116.60 5.14

BPL 37.05 36.73 60.35 1.70

AAY 5.58 11.66 1.83 0

(Source: Information obtained from Department and Food Corporation of India)

74

Appendix 2.2.3


Allocation, lifting and lapsed quota of

foodgrains (wheat and rice) in the State during 2008-2013

(in lakh MT)

Year Name of the

Scheme Allocation Lifting

Quota

Lapsed

Percentage of

quota lapsed

2008-09 APL 4.21 2.85 1.36 32.30

BPL 17.09 15.13 1.96 11.47

AAY 10.35 8.80 1.55 14.98

Total 31.65 26.78 4.87 15.39

2009-10 APL 19.02 9.64 9.38 49.32

BPL 17.09 15.75 1.34 7.84

AAY 10.35 9.37 0.98 9.47

Total 46.46 34.76 11.70 25.18

2010-11 APL 20.79 10.37 10.42 50.12

BPL 20.85 16.77 4.08 19.57

AAY 10.09 9.22 0.87 8.62

Total 51.73 36.36 15.37 29.71

2011-12 APL 19.03 9.12 9.91 52.08

BPL 23.36 18.36 5.00 21.40

AAY 9.83 8.91 0.92 9.36

Total 52.22 36.39 15.83 30.31

2012-13 APL 20.15 11.28 8.87 44.02

BPL 21.85 18.14 3.71 16.98

AAY 10.20 9.51 0.69 6.76

Total 52.20 38.93 13.27 25.42

Summary of last five years

APL 83.20 43.26 39.94 48.00

BPL 100.24 84.15 16.09 16.05

AAY 50.82 45.81 5.01 9.86

Grand total 234.26 173.22 61.04 26.05

Source: Information furnished by Department

75

Appendices

Appendix 2.2.4


Allocation, lifting and lapsed quota of

foodgrains (wheat and rice) in test-checked units during 2008-2013

(in lakh MT)

Year

Name of

the

Scheme

Allocation Lifting Quota

lapsed

Lifting

during

extended

period

Quota

finally

lapsed

Percentage

of quota

lapsed

2008-09

APL 1.88 1.67 0.21 0.01 0.20 10.64

BPL 12.33 10.97 1.36 0 1.36 11.03

AAY 7.87 6.66 1.21 0 1.21 15.37

2009-10

APL 6.18 4.49 1.69 0.05 1.64 26.54

BPL 12.39 10.75 1.64 0.10 1.54 12.42

AAY 8.04 6.92 1.12 0.07 1.05 13.06

2010-11

APL 14.39 7.34 7.05 0.07 6.98 48.51

BPL 15.52 13.33 2.19 0.12 2.07 13.34

AAY 8.62 7.44 1.18 0.10 1.08 12.53

2011-12

APL 12.99 6.74 6.25 0.03 6.22 47.88

BPL 15.89 13.51 2.38 0.01 2.37 14.92

AAY 8.58 7.98 0.60 0.01 0.59 6.88

2012-13

APL 14.00 8.71 5.29 0.17 5.12 36.57

BPL 16.31 14.36 1.95 0.05 1.90 11.65

AAY 9.51 8.81 0.70 0.01 0.69 7.26

Summary

of last five

years

APL 49.44 28.95 20.49 0.33 20.16 40.78

BPL 72.44 62.92 9.52 0.28 9.24 12.76

AAY 42.62 37.81 4.81 0.19 4.62 10.84

Grand total 164.50 129.68 34.82 0.8 34.02 20.68

Source: Information obtained from the test-checked units

76


Appendix 2.2.5

(Reference : Paragraph 2.2.11; Page: 40)

Difference in allotment and lifting of BPL Sugar as per figures of selected units and the Department for the period 2008-09 to 2012-13

(Figures in quintal)

District

2008-09 2009-10

As per test

checked units As per Department

Difference in

figures

As per test

checked units As per Department Difference in figures

Allotment Lifting Allotment Lifting Allotment Lifting Allotment Lifting Allotment Lifting Allotment Lifting

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

(2-4) (3-5) (8-10) (9-11)

Thane 71711 40822 73366 41282 -1655 -460 86718 60574 73366 49818 13352 10756

Nandurbar 52684 2499 52684 3089 0 -590 52684 27802 52684 27799 0 3

Solapur Rural (DSO) 87966 4166 87966 4166 0 0 87966 42671 87966 37797 0 4874

Solapur Urban (FDO) 2511 2511 5022 2059 -2511 452 4754 4754 5022 2641 -268 2113

Beed 76822 39604 76822 43494 0 -3890 82407 66185 76822 61859 5585 4326

Amravati 66019 45935 73738 45775 -7719 160 66019 35679 73738 29569 -7719 6110

Chandrapur 52818 19063 52818 19063 0 0 56224 35875 52818 32236 3406 3639

Mumbai 11068 9698 11362 9696 -294 2 11362 9401 11362 8952 0 449

Jalgaon 0 0 79694 35483 -79694 -35483 29646 22822 79694 55211 -50048 -32389

Pune Rural (DSO) 46233 14296 47446 14304 -1213 -8 46767 25815 47482 28089 -715 -2274

Pune Urban (FDO) 0 0 18908 9455 -18908 -9455 19606 12597 18908 16067 698 -3470

District 2010-11 2011-12

Thane 57066 51136 73366 66188 -16300 -15052 77562 69209 73366 65710 4196 3499

Nandurbar 52684 37942 52684 42080 0 -4138 52684 29150 52684 27283 0 1867

Solapur Rural (DSO) 87966 63872 87966 63672 0 200 87966 67945 87966 49923 0 18022

Solapur Urban (FDO) 5022 5022 5022 4900 0 122 5022 5022 5022 3702 0 1320

Beed 82881 76881 76822 70670 6059 6211 77399 64702 76822 61830 577 2872

Amravati 75627 52492 73738 52675 1889 -183 83458 69214 73738 61987 9720 7227

Chandrapur 63122 47119 52818 43232 10304 3887 59618 50607 52818 46166 6800 4441

Mumbai 13517 13390 11362 11235 2155 2155 11662 10462 11362 9962 300 500

Jalgaon 67092 63049 79694 72654 -12602 -9605 79694 54697 79694 55207 0 -510

Pune Rural (DSO) 46408 38277 47380 40629 -972 -2352 46696 38117 47864 38117 -1168 0

Pune Urban (FDO) 20009 16948 18908 18908 1101 -1960 19570 11661 18908 15484 662 -3823

77

Appendix 2.2.5 (concld.)

District

2012-13 Total

As per test checked units As per Department Difference in figures


less than that

provided by test

checked units


more than that

provided by test

checked units

Allotment Lifting Allotment Lifting Allotment Lifting Allotment Lifting Allotment Lifting

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

(2-4) (3-5)

Thane 73366 65200 73366 63347 0 1853 17548 16108 17955 15512

Nandurbar 63130 45968 52684 35131 10446 10837 10446 12707 0 4728

Solapur Rural (DSO) 87966 78983 87966 63480 0 15503 0 38599 0 0

Solapur Urban (FDO) 5022 5022 5022 4228 0 794 0 4801 2779 0

Beed 80337 61188 76822 58922 3515 2266 15736 15675 0 3890

Amravati 80749 64137 73738 56843 7011 7294 18620 20791 15438 183

Chandrapur 59521 43079 52818 39976 6703 3103 27213 15070 0 0

Mumbai 11362 11362 11362 10462 0 900 2455 4006 294 0

Jalgaon 79694 62170 79694 57010 0 5160 0 5160 142344 77987

Pune Rural (DSO) 47864 39537 47864 39398 0 139 0 139 4068 4634

Pune Urban (FDO) 18566 15325 18566 15325 0 0 2461 0 18908 18708

TOTAL 94479 133056 201786 125642


78

Appendix 2.2.6

(Reference : Paragraph 2.2.11 ; Page: 40)

Difference in allotment and lifting of APL Sugar as per figures of selected units and the Department for the period 2009-10 to 2010-11

(Figures in quintal)

District

2009-10 2010-11 Total

As per test

checked units

As per

Department

Difference in

figures

As per test

checked units

As per

Department

Difference in

figures

Departmental

figures less than

that provided by

test checked

units

Departmental

figures more

than that

provided by test

checked units

Allotment Lifting Allotment Lifting Allotment Lifting Allotment Lifting Allotment Lifting Allotment Lifting Allotment Lifting Allotment Lifting

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17

(2-4) (3-5) (8-10) (9-11)

Thane 58177 45007 55671 42933 2506 2074 66488 57351 74799 62109 -8311 -4758 2506 2074 8311 4758

Nandurbar 15500 9432 17415 13926 -1915 -4494 20000 10849 18250 10681 1750 168 1750 168 1915 4494

Solapur

Rural

(DSO)

73794 63407 70045 55911 3749 7496 177967 78855 87967 78855 90000 0 93749 7496 0 0

Solapur

Urban

(FDO)

0 0 397 0 -397 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 397 0

Beed 0 0 40016 35384 -40016 -35384 0 0 47118 37806 -47118 -37806 0 0 87134 73190

Amravati 23507 19132 36100 20155 -12593 -1023 46640 33691 40979 38844 5661 -5153 5661 0 12593 6176

Chandrapur 25768 25768 26438 23752 -670 2016 31374 31374 33054 31374 -1680 0 0 2016 2350 0

Mumbai 459865 385521 394409 326017 65456 59504 543148 531222 542487 531223 661 -1 66117 59504 0 1

Jalgaon 70958 60303 65221 55915 5737 4388 82987 92381 83100 73219 -113 19162 5737 23550 113 0

Pune Rural

(DSO)

0 0 179161 169953 -179161 -

169953

0 0 260465 245286 -260465 -

245286

0 0 439626 415239

Pune

Urban

(FDO)

115915 115915 1495 1495 114420 114420 163398 163398 18530 14191 144868 149207 259288 263627 0 0

TOTAL 434808 358435 552439 503858


79

Appendix 2.2.7

(Reference: Paragraph: 2.2.12; Page: 42)

Demand and allocation of kerosene during April 2008 to March 2013

(in lakh Kilo litres)

Sr.

No.

Name of

District Demand Allocation

Percentage of

allocation

1 Thane 3.50 2.11 60.29

2 Raigad 2.65 1.70 64.15

3 Ratnagiri 1.72 0.98 56.98

4 Sindhudurg 0.97 0.60 61.86

5 Nasik 5.19 3.41 65.70

6 Dhule 2.21 1.59 71.95

7 Nandurbar 1.44 0.80 55.56

8 Jalgon 3.23 2.05 63.47

9 Ahmednagar 4.41 2.78 63.04

10 Pune 10.94 5.56 50.82

11 Satara 2.63 1.71 65.02

12 Sangli 2.87 1.88 65.50

13 Solapur 4.91 2.74 55.80

14 Kolhapur 3.48 1.84 52.87

15 Aurangabad 3.74 2.59 69.25

16 Jalna 2.07 1.30 62.80

17 Parbhani 1.93 1.24 64.25

18 Hingoli 1.54 0.89 57.79

19 Beed 3.39 2.05 60.47

20 Osmanabad 2.07 1.44 69.57

21 Nanded 2.75 1.88 68.36

22 Latur 2.55 1.77 69.41

23 Buldhana 2.06 1.53 74.27

24 Akola 1.32 0.82 62.12

25 Washim 1.11 0.72 64.86

26 Amaravati 3.12 1.69 54.17

27 Yavatmal 2.14 1.66 77.57

28 Wardha 1.14 0.84 73.68

29 Nagpur 5.08 3.19 62.80

30 Bhandara 1.24 0.79 63.71

31 Gondia 1.48 0.88 59.46

32 Chandrapur 1.91 1.18 61.78

33 Gadchiroli 1.07 0.59 55.14

34 Mumbai Thane

Rationing Area

21.78 13.70 62.90

Total 113.64 70.50 62.04

Source: Information furnished by Department


80

Appendix 3.1


Statement showing extra expenditure

Sr.

No.

Description of

item

Tender

rate

(per

cum)

``

Tender

percentage

4.91%

above

`

Total

(3+4)

`

10% Price

escalation

`

Total

(5+6)

`

Clause

38 rate

per cum

`

Rate

difference

per cum

(8-7)

`

Quantity

above

125% of

the

tendered

quantity

cum

`

Extra cost

(10x9)

`

Extra cost paid up to

XIII RA bill

Quantity

executed

(in cum)

Already paid

(12x9)

`

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

1. Earth work for

hearting

236.05 11.59 247.64 24.76 272.40 327.35 54.95 68,908 37,86,494.60 47,511 26,10,729.45

2. Casing Zone 110.05 5.40 115.45 11.55 127.00 227.70 100.70 73,761 74,27,732.70 59,124 59,53,786.80

3. Excavation in

soft strata etc.

39.05 1.92 40.97 4.10 45.07 61.15 16.08 41,278 6,63,750.24 18,068 2,90,533.44

4. Utilizing the

selected material

available from

canal excavation

or from spoil

bank casing zone

etc.

58.70 2.88 61.58 6.16 67.74 125.85 58.11 9,089 5,28,161.79 -- --

Total 1,24,06,139.33 88,55,049.69

81

Appendix- 3.2


Statement showing excess expenditure

Sr.

No. Name of Work Item of work

Actual

quantity

executed

(cum)

Rate per

cum for

secondary

blasting (`)

Extra

expenditure(`)

1. Construction of balance

earth work and lining of

km 18.50 to 36.00 of

Tirkaswadi branch canal

of Isapur Right Bank

Canal.

Excavation in

hard rock by

controlled

blasting.

26,196.17

(in dry

condition)

146.70 38,42,978.14

Total 38,42,978.14

82

Appendices

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¹ããäÀÞœñª/‚ãã¤ãÌ¾ããâÞããè ÔãâŒ¾ãã ªÍãÃãäÌã¥ããÀñ ãäÌãÌãÀ¥ã ¹ã¨ã

78

1.3 Êããñ‡ãŠ ÊãñŒãã Ôããä½ããä¦ãÞ¾ãã ãäÍã¹ãŠãÀÔããèâÌãÀ ¹ãÆÊãâãäºã¦ã ‚ãÔãÊãñÊ¾ãã

¶ããñâªãèÞããè ‡ãŠãÀÌããƒÃ ‡ãŠñÊãñÊ¾ãã Þããè ãäÌã¼ããØã ãä¶ãÖã¾ã ãäÔ©ã¦ããè

79

2.1.1 ‡ãŠñâªÆãè¾ã ½ããØãÃ ãä¶ããä£ã ŒããÊããè ½ãâ•ãîÀ ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ãã¦ã ‚ããÊãñÊ¾ãã ‡ãŠã½ããâÞãñ

ãäÌãÌãÀ¥ã

80

2.1.2 ‚ã¶ãñ‡ãŠ ‡ãŠã½ãã¦ã ¦ããèÞã ãäºã›ì½ã¶ã ºããè•ã‡ãŠñ ÔããªÀ ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ãã ºããºã¦ãÞãñ

ãäÌãÌãÀ¥ã

81

2.1.3 ‡ãŠãú‡ãÆŠãè› Üã¶ããâÞ¾ãã ÞããÞã¥ããè¦ããèÊã ãäÌãÊãâºã 84

2.2.1 ãäÍã£ãã¹ããä¨ã‡ãŠãâÞããè ÌãØãÃÌããÀãè ‚ãããä¥ã ‚ã¶¶ã£ãã¶¾ã Ìã ƒ¦ãÀ ÌãÔ¦ãîâÞãñ

‚ã¶ãì—ãñ¾ã ¹ãÆ½ãã¥ã

85

2.2.2 ÌãÓãÃ 2008-13 ªÀ½¾ãã¶ã FCI Ìã ãäÌã¼ããØãã¶ãñ, ‚ã¸ã£ãã¶¾ããÞãñ Ìãã›¹ã

‚ãããä¥ã „ÞãÊã ¾ããâÞ¾ãã ÔããªÀ ‡ãñŠÊãñÊ¾ãã ‚ãã‡ãŠ¡ñÌããÀãè¦ããèÊã ¹ãŠÀ‡ãŠ

86

2.2.3 Àã•¾ãã¦ã 2008-13 ªÀ½¾ãã¶ã Ìãã›¹ã, „ÞãÊã Ìã „ÞãÊã ¶ã ‡ãŠñÊ¾ãã½ãìßñ

À ¢ããÊãñÊãã ‚ã¶¶ã£ãã¶¾ããÞãã (ØãÖî Ìã ¦ããâªîß) ãäÖÔÔãã

87

2.2.4 ÌãÓãÃ 2008-13 ªÀ½¾ãã¶ã ÞããÞã¥ããè ¦ã¹ããÔã¥ããè ‡ãŠñÊãñÊ¾ãã

‡ãŠã¾ããÃÊã¾ããâ½ã£ããèÊã Ìãã›¹ã, „ÞãÊã, „ÞãÊã ¶ã ‡ãŠñÊ¾ãã½ãìßñ À

¢ããÊãñÊãã ‚ã¶¶ã£ãã¶¾ããÞãã (ØãÖî Ìã ¦ããâªîß) ãäÖÔÔãã

88

2.2.5 BPL ØãÆãÖ‡ãŠãâ¶ãã 2008-09 ¦ãñ 2012-13 ªÀ½¾ãã¶ã ÔããŒãÀñÞãñ ‡ãŠñÊãñÊãñ

Ìãã›¹ã Ìã ¦¾ãã¹ãõ‡ãŠãè ‡ãŠñÊãñÊããè „ÞãÊã ¾ããÞ¾ãã ãä¶ãÌã¡‡ãŠ ‡ãŠã¾ããÃÊã¾ãñ Ìã

ãäÌã¼ããØãã¶ãñ ÔããªÀ ‡ãŠñÊãñÊ¾ãã ‚ãã‡ãŠ¡ñÌããÀãè¦ããèÊã ¹ãŠÀ‡ãŠ

89

2.2.6 APL ØãÆãÖ‡ãŠãâ¶ãã ÌãÓãÃ 2009-10 ¦ãñ 2010-11 ¾ãã ‡ãŠãÊããÌã£ããè¦ã

ÔããŒãÀñÞãñ ‡ãŠñÊãñÊãñ Ìãã›¹ã Ìã ¦¾ãã¹ãõ‡ãŠãè ‡ãŠñÊãñÊããè „ÞãÊã ¾ããâÞ¾ãã,

ãä¶ãÌã¡‡ãŠ ‡ãŠã¾ããÃÊã¾ããâ¶ããè Ìã ãäÌã¼ããØãã¶ãñ ÔããªÀ ‡ãŠñÊãñÊ¾ãã

‚ãã‡ãŠ¡ñÌããÀãè¦ããèÊã ¹ãŠÀ‡ãŠ

91

2.2.7 †ãä¹ãÆÊã 2008 ¦ãñ ½ããÞãÃ 2013 ¹ã¾ãÃâ¦ã Àãù‡ãŠñÊãÞããè ½ããØã¥ããè ‚ãããä¥ã

Ìãã›¹ã

92

3.1 •ããªã ŒãÞãÃ ªÍãÃãäÌã¥ããÀñ ãäÌãÌãÀ¥ã 93

3.2 •ããªã ŒãÞãÃ ªÍãÃãäÌã¥ããÀñ ãäÌãÌãÀ¥ã 94

vii

1. Öã ‚ãÖÌããË ¼ããÀ¦ããè¾ã ÔãâãäÌã£ãã¶ããÞ¾ãã ‚ã¶ãìÞœñª 151 ‚ãâ¦ãØãÃ¦ã ½ãÖãÀãÓ›ÈãÞ¾ãã

Àã•¾ã¹ããËãâ¶ãã ÔããªÀ ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ããÔããŸãè ¦ã¾ããÀ ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ãã¦ã ‚ããËã ‚ããÖñ.

2. Àã•¾ã ÍããÔã¶ããÞ¾ãã ãäÌã¼ããØããâÞ¾ãã ŒãÞããÃÞãñ ÊãñŒãã¹ãÀãèàã¥ã ãä¶ã¾ãâ¨ã‡ãŠ Ìã

½ãÖãÊãñŒãã¹ãÀãèàã‡ãŠãâÞ¾ãã ‡ãŠ¦ãÃÌ¾ã, ‚ããä£ã‡ãŠãÀ ‚ãããä¥ã ÔãñÌãã Íã¦ããèÃ ‚ããä£ããä¶ã¾ã½ã,

1971 Þ¾ãã ‡ãŠÊã½ã 13 ‚ãâ¦ãØãÃ¦ã ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ãã¦ã ¾ãñ¦ãñ.

3. ¾ãã ‚ãÖÌããÊãã¦ã ½ãÖãÀãÓ›È ÍããÔã¶ããÞ¾ãã ŒãÞããÃÞ¾ãã ÊãñŒãã¹ãÀãèàã¥ãã¦ããèÊã ãä¶ãÓ‡ãŠÓãÃ

ÔããªÀ ‡ãŠñÊãñ ‚ããÖñ¦ã. ‚ãÖÌããËã¦ã Ôã½ãããäÌãÓ› ‚ãÔã¥ããÀãè ¹ãÆ‡ãŠÀ¥ãñ Öãè ÌãÓãÃ 2012-13

½ã£¾ãñ ËñŒ¾ããâÞããè ÞããÞã¥ããè ¦ã¹ããÔã¥ããè ‡ãŠÀ¦ãñ Ìãñßãè Ëàãã¦ã ‚ããËñÊ¾ãã ¹ãÆ‡ãŠÀ¥ããâ¹ãõ‡ãŠãè

¦ãÔãñÞã ‚ãã£ããèÞ¾ãã ÌãÓããÃâ¦ã Ëàãã¦ã ‚ããËñËãè ¹ãÀâ¦ãì ½ããØããèË ‚ãÖÌããËã¦ã ¹ãÀã½ãÎãÃ ¶ã

Üãñ¦ãËñËãè ¹ãÆ‡ãŠÀ¥ãñÖãè ‚ããÖñ¦ã. ÌãÓãÃ 2012-13 Þ¾ãã ¹ãì¤ãèË ‡ãŠãËãÌã£ããè Ôãâºãâãä£ã¦ã

¹ãÆ‡ãŠÀ¥ãñ Öãè ‚ããÌãÎ¾ã‡ãŠ ¦ãñ©ãñ ¾ãã ‚ãÖÌããËã¦ã Ôã½ãããäÌãÓ› ‡ãŠñËñËãè ‚ããÖñ¦ã.

4. ¼ããÀ¦ããÞãñ ãä¶ã¾ãâ¨ã‡ãŠ Ìã ½ãÖãÊãñŒãã¹ãÀãèàã‡ãŠ ¾ããâÞãñ ´ãÀñ ãä¶ãØãÃãä½ã¦ã ÊãñŒãã¹ãÀãèàãã

½ãã¶ã‡ãŠñ ¾ããâÞãñÍããè ‚ã¶ãìÀŠ¹ã ÊãñŒãã¹ãÀãèàã¥ã ‡ãŠñÊãñ ‚ããÖñ.

›ãè¹ã : ½ãîß ƒâØãÆ•ããè ‚ãÖÌããËãÌãÀŠ¶ã ‚ã¶ãìÌãããäª¦ã; Îãâ‡ãŠã Ôã½ãã£ãã¶ããÔããŸãè ‡ãŠð¹ã¾ãã ƒâØãÆ•ããè ‚ãÖÌããË ¹ãÖãÌãã.

.

„¹ããñªáÜãã¦ã

¹ãÆ‡ãŠÀ¥ã I: ¹ãÆÔ¦ããÌã¶ãã

1.1 ½ãã ‚ãÖÌããËãÔãâºãâ£ããè

½ãÖãÀãÓ›È ÍããÔã¶ããÔãâºãâ£ããè ¼ããÀ¦ããÞãñ ãä¶ã¾ãâ¨ã‡ãŠ Ìã ½ãÖãËñŒãã¹ãÀãèàã‡ãŠãâÞãã (C&AG) Öã ‚ãÖÌããË

‚ãããä©Ãã‡ãŠ àãñ¨ãã½ã£ããèË ãä¶ãÌã¡‡ãŠ ‡ãŠã¾ãÃ‰ãŠ½ã ‚ãããä¥ã ‡ãŠã¾ãó ¾ããâÞ¾ãã ‡ãŠã¾ãÃãäÔã®ãè ËñŒãã¹ãÀãèàã¥ããÞ¾ãã ‚ãããä¥ã

ÎããÔã‡ãŠãè¾ã ãäÌã¼ããØããâÞ¾ãã Ìã ÔÌãã¾ã§ã ÔãâÔ©ããâÞ¾ãã ‚ã¶ãì¹ããÊã¶ã ËñŒãã¹ãÀãèàã¥ãã¦ãî¶ã „ªá¼ãÌãËñÊ¾ãã ºããºããè

Ôãâºãâ£ããè¦ã ‚ããÖñ.

¼ããÀ¦ããÞ¾ãã ÔãâãäÌã£ãã¶ããÞ¾ãã ¦ãÀ¦ãìªãè, ¹ãÆ¾ããñ•¾ã ‡ãŠã¾ãªñ, ãä¶ã¾ã½ã, ãäÌããä¶ã¾ã½ã ‚ãããä¥ã Ôãàã½ã

‚ããä£ã‡ãŠãÅ ¾ããâ¶ããè •ããÀãè ‡ãñŠËñËñ ãäÌããäÌã£ã ‚ããªñÎã ‚ãããä¥ã ÔãîÞã¶ããâÞ¾ãã ‚ã¶ãì¹ããË¶ããÞããè Œãã¦ãÀ•ã½ãã ‡ãŠÁ¶ã

Üãñ¥¾ããÔããŸãè ËñŒãã¹ãÀãèàã¥ã ‡ãñŠËñÊ¾ãã ÔãâÔ©ãñÞ¾ãã ŒãÞããÃÞ¾ãã Ì¾ãÌãÖãÀãâÞããè ¦ã¹ããÔã¥ããè ‡ãŠÀ¥ãñ ¾ããÔã

‚ã¶ãì¹ããË¶ã ËñŒãã¹ãÀãèàã¥ã ½Ö¥ã¦ãã¦ã. ¾ãããäÍãÌãã¾ã ÔãâÔ©ãã, ‡ãŠã¾ãÃ‰ãŠ½ã ãä‡ãŠâÌãã ¾ããñ•ã¶ããâÞããè „ãäÓ›ñ

‡ãŠã›‡ãŠÔãÀãè¶ãñ, ‡ãŠã¾ãÃàã½ã¦ãñ¶ãñ ‚ãããä¥ã ¹ãÆ¼ããÌããè¹ã¥ãñ Ôãã£¾ã ‡ãñŠËãè ‚ããÖñ¦ã ‡ãŠã¾ã ¾ããÞããè ¦ã¹ããÔã¥ããè

‡ãŠã¾ãÃãäÔã®ãè ËñŒãã¹ãÀãèàã¥ãã¦ã ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ãã¦ã ¾ãñ¦ãñ.

ËñŒãã¹ãÀãèàã¥ããÞãñ ½ãÖ¦ÌããÞãñ ãä¶ãÓ‡ãŠÓãÃ Àã•¾ã ãäÌããä£ã½ãâ¡ßãÞ¾ãã ¶ã•ãÀñÔã ‚ãã¥ãî¶ã ªñ¥ãñ Öã ‚ãÖÌããËãÞãã

‚ãã²ã/¹ãÆ½ãìŒã (Prime) Öñ¦ãì ‚ãÔã¦ããñ. ÔÌãÁ¹ã, ¹ããäÀ½ãã¥ã (volume) ‚ãããä¥ã Ì¾ãÌãÖãÀãÞããè Ì¾ãã¹¦ããè ¾ããÞ¾ãã

‚ã¶ãìÁ¹ã ÔããªÀãè‡ãŠÀ¥ããÞãã Ô¦ãÀ ‚ãÔããÌãã Öñ ËñŒãã¹ãÀãèàã¥ããÞ¾ãã ½ãã¶ã‡ãŠãâ¦ã ‚ããä¼ã¹ãÆñ¦ã ‚ããÖñ.

‡ãŠã¾ãÃ‡ãŠãÀãèâ¶ãã Ôãì£ããÀãè¦ã ‡ãŠã¾ãÃÌããÖãè ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ããÔã, ¦ãÔãñÞã £ããñÀ¥ã ŸÀãäÌã¥ãñ, ãä¶ãªóÎã ªñ¥ãñ ¾ãã¦ã

ËñŒãã¹ãÀãèàã¥ããâÞãñ ãä¶ãÓ‡ãŠÓãÃ ÔãÖã¾¾ã¼ãî¦ã ŸÀãÌãñ¦ã ‚ãÔãñ ‚ã¹ãñãäàã¦ã ‚ããÖñ •¾ãã½ãìßñ ÔãâÔ©ãñÞããè Ì¾ãÌãÖãÀ

‡ãŠã¾ãÃàã½ã¦ãã ‚ãããä¥ã ÔãâÔ©ãñÞãñ ‚ãããä©ãÃ‡ãŠ Ì¾ãÌãÔ©ãã¹ã¶ã Ôãì£ããÀãè¦ã ‡ãŠÀ¦ãã ¾ãñƒÃË, ‚ãÎãã ¹ãÆ‡ãŠãÀñ „¦¦ã½ã

ÎããÔã¶ã Ì¾ãÌãÔ©ãñÔã ãä¶ãÓ‡ãŠÓãÃ Öã¦ã¼ããÀ ËãÌã¦ãã¦ã.

Öñ ¹ãÆ‡ãŠÀ¥ã ãä¶ã¾ããñ•ã¶ã ‚ãããä¥ã ËñŒãã¹ãÀãèàã¥ããÞããè Ì¾ãã¹¦ããè Ô¹ãÓ› ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ããÔãÖ, ãä¶ãÌã¡‡ãŠ ¾ããñ•ã¶ããâÞ¾ãã

‚ãâ½ãËºã•ããÌã¥ããè¦ããèË ½ãÖ¦ÌããÞ¾ãã „¥ããèÌããâÞããè, Ì¾ãÌãÖãÀãâÞ¾ãã ËñŒãã¹ãÀãèàã¥ããâ¦ããèË ½ãÖ¦ÌããÞãñ ‚ããàãñ¹ã

‚ãããä¥ã ½ããØããèË ‚ãÖÌããËãâÞãã ¹ããŸ¹ãìÀãÌãã ¾ããÞããè Á¹ãÀñÓãã ÔããªÀ ‡ãŠÀ¦ãñ. ¾ãã ‚ãÖÌããËã¦ããèË ¹ãÆ‡ãŠÀ¥ã II

½ã£¾ãñ, ªãñ¶ã ¾ããñ•ã¶ãã/¹ãÆ‡ãŠÊ¹ããâÞãñ ‡ãŠã¾ãÃãäÔã®ãè ÊãñŒãã¹ãÀãèàã¥ã - †‡ãŠ ÔããÌãÃ•ããä¶ã‡ãŠ ºããâ£ã‡ãŠã½ã ãäÌã¼ããØããÞãñ Ìã

ªîÔãÀñ ‚ã¶¶ã, ¶ããØãÀãè ¹ãìÀÌãŸã ‚ãããä¥ã ØãÆãÖ‡ãŠ ÔãâÀàã¥ã ãäÌã¼ããØããÞãñ, ¾ãã¦ããèÊã ÊãñŒãã¹ãÀãèàãã ãä¶ãÓ‡ãŠÓãÃ

‚ãâ¦ã¼ãîÃ¦ã ‚ããÖñ. ¹ãÆ‡ãŠÀ¥ã III ½ã£¾ãñ ÎããÔã‡ãŠãè¾ã ãäÌã¼ããØããâÞ¾ãã ‚ãããä¥ã ÔÌãã¾ã§ã ÔãâÔ©ããâÞ¾ãã Ì¾ãÌãÖãÀãâÞ¾ãã

ËñŒãã¹ãÀãèàã¥ãã Ôãâºãâ£ããèÞããè ãä¶ãÀãèàã¥ãñ ‚ããÖñ¦ã.

1.2 ËñŒãã¹ãÀãèãäàã¦ã ãäÌã»ããØããâÞããè Á¹ãÀñŒãã

Àã•¾ããÞ¾ãã ‚ãããä©ãÃ‡ãŠ àãñ¨ãã¦ã ÔããäÞãÌã Ô¦ãÀãÌãÀãèÊã ãäÌã¼ããØã, •¾ããâÞãñ ¹ãÆ½ãìŒã ‚ããä¦ããäÀ‡ã‹¦ã ½ãìŒ¾ã ÔããäÞãÌã/

¹ãÆ£ãã¶ã ÔããäÞãÌã/ ÔããäÞãÌã ‚ããÖñ¦ã ‚ãããä¥ã ÔãâÞããÊã‡ãŠ / ‚ãã¾ãì‡ã‹¦ã ¦ãÔãñÞã ‡ãŠãä¶ãÓŸ ‚ããä£ã‡ãŠãÀãè ‚ãããä¥ã ÔÌãã¾ã§ã

ÔãâÔ©ãã ¦¾ããâ¶ãã ÔãÖã¾¾ã ‡ãŠÀ¦ãã¦ã, ¾ãã ÔãÌããÃâÞãñ ÊãñŒãã¹ãÀãèàã¥ã ¹ãÆ£ãã¶ã ½ãÖãÊãñŒãã‡ãŠãÀ (ÊãñŒãã¹ãÀãèàãã)-I,

½ãìâºãƒÃ ‚ãããä¥ã ½ãÖãÊãñŒãã‡ãŠãÀ (ÊãñŒãã¹ãÀãèàãã)-II, ¶ããØã¹ãîÀ Öñ ‡ãŠÀ¦ãã¦ã.

Àã•¾ã ÎããÔã¶ããÞãã 2012-13 ¾ãã ÌãÓããÃÞ¾ãã Àã•ã‡ãŠãñÓããè¾ã Ì¾ãÌãÖãÀãâÞãã ÔããÀãâÎã Ìã ½ããØããèË ÌãÓããÃÞããè

¦ãìË¶ãã¦½ã‡ãŠ ãäÔ©ã¦ããè ¦ã‡ã‹¦ãã 1 ½ã£¾ãñ ãäªËãè ‚ããÖñ.

ãäª¶ããâ‡ãŠ 31 ¼ããÞãÃ 2013 Àãñ•ããè Ôãâ¹ãËñÊ¾ãã ÌãÓããÃÞãã ‚ãÖÌããË ‡ãÆŠ.5 (‚ãããä©ãÃ‡ãŠ àãñ¨ã)

2

¦ã‡ã‹¦ãã 1 : Àã•ã‡ãŠãñÓããè½ã Ì½ãÌãÖãÀãâÞãã ÔããÀãâÎã

(` ‡ãŠãñ›ãè¦ã)

2011-12 •ã¼ãã 2012-13 2011-12 ÔãâãäÌã¦ãÀ¥ãñ 2012-13

»ããØã ‚ã :½ãÖÔãìËãè ½ããñ•ã¶ãñ¦ãÀ ½ããñ•ã¶ãã †‡ãŠî¥ã

121286.14** ¼ãÖÔãìËãè •ã¼ãã 142947.23 123554.19 ¼ãÖÔãìËãè ŒãÞãÃ 114205.90 24530.08 138735.98

87608.46 ‡ãŠÀ ½ãÖÔãîË 103448.58 42852.88

ÔãÌãÃ Ôãã£ããÀ¥ã

ÔãñÌãã

47058.81 606.86 47665.67

8167.70 ‡ãŠÀñ¦ãÀ ½ãÖÔãîË 9984.40 54812.21

Ôãã½ãããä•ã‡ãŠ

ÔãñÌãã

46869.64 15169.33 62038.97

13343.34

‡ãŠñâªÆãè¾ã ‡ãŠÀ/

ÎãìÊ‡ãŠãâÞãã

ãäÖÔÔãã

15191.92 24868.75 ‚ãããä©ãÃ‡ãŠ ÔãñÌãã 18944.11 8606.71 27550.82

12166.64

¼ããÀ¦ã ÔãÀ‡ãŠãÀ

´ãÀã ‚ã¶ãìªã¶ãñ

14322.33 1020.35

ÔãÖã¾¾ã‡ãŠ

‚ã¶ãìªã¶ãñ ‚ãããä¥ã

‚ãâÎãªã¶ãñ

1333.34 147.18 1480.52

¼ããØã ºã : ¼ããâ¡ÌãÊããè

455.83

Ôãâ‡ãŠãè¥ãÃ

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0.00 17879.54 ¼ããâ¡ÌãÊããè Ì¾ã¾ã 2303.38 15094.60 17397.98

558.74

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ÌãÔãìËãè

862.85 836.28

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‚ããäØãÆ½ããâÞããè

ÔãâãäÌã¦ãÀ¥ãñ

1415.94

24452.56

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21725.12 6458.35


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6652.52

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725.00 500.00


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ãä¶ã£ããè

875.00 1000.00


ãä¶ã£ããè

734.62

53389.38


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47059.63 46962.93


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31509.39

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ãäÎãÊË‡ãŠ

48843.72

233163.24 †‡ãŠî¥ã 250166.78 233163.24 †‡ãŠî¥ã 250166.78

(Ô¨ããñ¦ã : Ôãâºãâãä£ã¦ã ÌãÓããÃÞãñ ãäÌã§ããè¾ã ËñŒãñ).

* ‚ããŸ ãäªÌãÔããâÔããŸãè ªãñ¶ã ¹ãÆÔãâØããâÞãã ‚ã©ããó¹ãã¾ã ‚ããäØãÆ½ã ÌãØãßî¶ã (•ã½ãã: ` 391.50 ‡ãŠãñ›ãè ‚ãããä¥ã ÔãâãäÌã¦ãÀ¥ã: ` 391.50 ‡ãŠãñ›ãè)

** Ö¿ãã¦ã Àã•¾ã ÎããÔã¶ããËã ãäÌã§ã ½ãâ¨ããË¾ããÞ¾ãã Ì¾ããä¦ããäÀ‡ã‹¦ã ƒ¦ãÀ ½ãâ¨ããË¾ããâ‡ãŠ¡î¶ã ‡ãŠñâªÆ ãä¶ã¾ããñ•ã¶ã ¾ããñ•ã¶ãã ‚ãããä¥ã ‡ãŠñâªÆãè¾ã ¹ãìÀÔ‡ãŠð¦ã

¾ããñ•ã¶ããâ¦ãØãÃ¦ã ãäªËñËãè ` 170.23 ‡ãŠãñ›ãèâÞããè ¹ãÆËâãäºã¦ã ‡ãŠñâªÆãè¾ã ‡ãŠ•ãó •ããè ¦ãñÀãÌ¾ãã ãäÌã§ã ‚ãã¾ããñØããÞ¾ãã ãäÎã¹ãŠãÀÎããèâ¶ãìÔããÀ ãä¶ãËóŒããè¦ã

‡ãŠñËãè ‚ããÖñ¦ã, ¾ããâÞãã Ôã½ããÌãñÎã ‚ããÖñ.

1.3 ËñŒãã¹ãÀãèàã¥ããÔããŸãè ¹ãÆããä£ã‡ãŠãÀ

¼ããÀ¦ããÞ¾ãã ÔãâãäÌã£ãã¶ããÞ¾ãã ‚ã¶ãìÞœñª 149 ‚ãããä¥ã 151 ‚ã¶Ìã¾ãñ ‚ãããä¥ã ãä¶ã¾ãâ¨ã‡ãŠ Ìã ½ãÖãÊãñŒãã¹ãÀãèàã‡ãŠ

(‡ãŠ¦ãÃÌ¾ãñ, ‚ããä£ã‡ãŠãÀ ‚ãããä¥ã ÔãñÌãã Îã¦ããê) ‚ããä£ããä¶ã¾ã½ã, 1971 ‚ã¶Ìã¾ãñ ¼ããÀ¦ããÞãñ ãä¶ã¾ãâ¨ã‡ãŠ Ìã

½ãÖãËñŒãã¹ãÀãèàã‡ãŠãâ¶ãã (C&AG) ËñŒãã¹ãÀãèàã¥ããÞãñ ‚ããä£ã‡ãŠãÀ ªñ¥¾ãã¦ã ‚ããËñ ‚ããÖñ¦ã. ½ãÖãÀãÓ›È

¹ãÆ‡ãŠÀ¥ã I - ¹ãÆÔ¦ããÌã¶ãã

3

ÎããÔã¶ããÞ¾ãã ãäÌã¼ããØããâÞ¾ãã ŒãÞããÃÞãñ ËñŒãã¹ãÀãèàã¥ã C&AG's (DPC), ‚ããä£ããä¶ã¾ã½ããÞ¾ãã ‡ãŠË½ã 13

1

‚ãâ¦ãØãÃ¦ã ‡ãŠÀ¦ãã¦ã. Ôãã¦ã ÔÌãã¾ã§ã ÔãâÔ©ããâÞãñ C&AG's (DPC) ‚ããä£ããä¶ã¾ã½ã 1971 Þ¾ãã ‡ãŠË½ã 19 (3)

2

‚ãããä¥ã 20 (1)

3

‚ãâ¦ãØãÃ¦ã ËñŒãã¹ãÀãèàã¥ã Öãñ¦ãñ.

1.4 ¹ãÆ£ãã¶ã ¼ãÖãËñŒãã‡ãŠãÀ (ËñŒãã¹ãÀãèàãã)-I, ½ãìâºãƒÃ ‚ãããä¥ã ¼ãÖãËñŒãã‡ãŠãÀ

(ËñŒãã¹ãÀãèàãã)-II, ¶ããØã¹ãîÀ ‡ãŠã½ããÃË½ããâÞããè ÔãâÜã›¶ãã¦¼ã‡ãŠ ÔãâÀÞã¶ãã

C&AG Þ¾ãã ãä¶ãªóÎãã¶ãìÔããÀ ¹ãÆ£ãã¶ã ½ãÖãËñŒãã‡ãŠãÀ (ËñŒãã¹ãÀãèàãã)-I, ½ãìâºãƒÃ ‚ãããä¥ã ½ãÖãËñŒãã‡ãŠãÀ

(ËñŒãã¹ãÀãèàãã)-II, ¶ããØã¹ãîÀ ‚ãã¹ã‚ãã¹ãÊ¾ãã ‡ãŠã¾ãÃàãñ¨ãã¦ããèË ãäÌããäÌã£ã ÎããÔã‡ãŠãè¾ã ãäÌã¼ããØã ‚ãããä¥ã

‡ãŠã¾ããÃË¾ãñ/ÔÌãã¾ã§ã ÔãâÔ©ãã/ÔãâÔ©ããâÞãñ ËñŒãã¹ãÀãèàã¥ã ‡ãŠÀ¦ãã¦ã. ¶ã‡ãŠãÎãã¦ã ªÎãÃãäÌãÊ¾ãã¹ãÆ½ãã¥ãñ ‡ãŠãò‡ãŠ¥ã

‚ãããä¥ã ¹ããäÎÞã½ã ½ãÖãÀãÓ›Èã¦ããèË 16 ãä•ãÊÖñ ¹ãÆ£ãã¶ã ½ãÖãËñŒãã‡ãŠãÀ (ËñŒãã¹ãÀãèàãã)-I, ½ãìâºãƒÃ ¾ããâÞ¾ãã

ËñŒãã¹ãÀãèàã¥ã àãñ¨ãã¦ã ¾ãñ¦ãã¦ã ‚ãããä¥ã ãäÌãª¼ãÃ ‚ãããä¥ã ½ãÀãŸÌãã¡¿ãã¦ããèË „ÌãÃÀãè¦ã 19 ãä•ãÊÖñ

½ãÖãËñŒãã‡ãŠãÀ (ËñŒãã¹ãÀãèàãã)-II, ¶ããØã¹ãîÀ ¾ããâÞ¾ãã ËñŒãã¹ãÀãèàã¥ã àãñ¨ãã¦ã ¾ãñ¦ãã¦ã.

1.5 ãä¶ã½ããñ•ã¶ã ‚ãããä¥ã ËñŒãã¹ãÀãèàã¥ã ‡ãŠÀ¥ãñ

ËñŒãã¹ãÀãèàã¥ããÞããè ¹ãÆãä‰ãŠ¾ãã ÔãìÁ ‡ãŠÀ¦ãã¶ãã ÎããÔã¶ããÞ¾ãã ãäÌããäÌã£ã ãäÌã¼ããØãã Ôã½ããñÀãèÊã •ããñŒããè½ããâÞãñ

ãä¶ã£ããÃÀ¥ã, ¹ãÆ¦¾ãñ‡ãŠ Üã›‡ãŠãÌãÀ ¢ããÊãñÊãã ŒãÞãÃ, Ôã½ããèàã¥ãã¦½ã‡ãŠ/‡ãŠã¾ããÃ½ã£ããèË Øãìâ¦ããØãìâ¦ã, ¹ãÆªã¶ã ‡ãñŠËñÊ¾ãã

ãäÌã§ããè¾ã ‚ããä£ã‡ãŠãÀãâÞããè ¹ãã¦ãßãè, †‡ãâŠªÀ ‚ãâ¦ãØãÃ¦ã ãä¶ã¾ãâ¨ã¥ããÞãñ ãä¶ã£ããÃÀ¥ã ‚ãããä¥ã ãäÖ¦ã Ôãâºãâ£ã ¾ããâÞ¾ãã

‚ãã£ããÀãÌãÀ ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ãã¦ã ¾ãñ¦ãñ. ¾ããÔããŸãè ¹ãîÌããê ‡ãñŠËñÊ¾ãã ËñŒãã¹ãÀãèàã¥ããÞãñ ãä¶ãÓ‡ãŠÓãÃÖãè ãäÌãÞããÀã¦ã Üãñ¥¾ãã¦ã

¾ãñ¦ãã¦ã. ¾ãã •ããñŒã½ããéÞ¾ãã ãä¶ã£ããÃÀ¥ããÞ¾ãã ‚ãã£ããÀãÌãÀ ËñŒãã¹ãÀãèàã¥ããÞããè ÌããÀâÌããÀ¦ãã ‚ãããä¥ã Ì¾ãããä¹¦ã

ãä¶ããäÎÞã¦ã ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ãã¦ã ¾ãñ¦ãñ. ÌãÓãÃ 2012-13 ½ã£¾ãñ ãäÌããäÌã£ã ãäÌã¼ããØããâÞ¾ãã/ÔãâÔ©ããâÞ¾ãã 232 Üã›‡ãŠãâÞãñ

ËñŒãã¹ãÀãèàã¥ã (‚ã¶ãì¹ããË¶ã ËñŒãã¹ãÀãèàã¥ã ‚ãããä¥ã ‡ãŠã¾ãÃãäÔã®ãè ËñŒãã¹ãÀãèàã¥ã) 1,865 ¹ã©ã‡ãŠ ãäªÌãÔããâ¦ã

1

(i) Àã•¾ããÞ¾ãã †‡ãŠãä¨ã¦ã ãä¶ã£ããèÞãã Ìãã¹ãÀ (ii) ‚ãã‡ãŠãäÔ½ã‡ãŠ ãä¶ã£ããè Ìã ÔããÌãÃ•ããä¶ã‡ãŠ ËñŒãñ ¾ããâÞ¾ãã Ôãâºãâ£ããè¦ã ÔãÌãÃ Ì¾ãÌãÖãÀ ‚ãããä¥ã, (iii) ÔãÌãÃ

¹ãÆ‡ãŠãÀÞãã Ì¾ãã¹ããÀ, „¦¹ããª¶ã, ¶ã¹ãŠã-¦ããñ›ã ãäÖÎããñºã, ¦ããßñºãâª ‚ãããä¥ã ƒ¦ãÀ ãäÌããäÌã£ã ¹ãÆ‡ãŠãÀÞãñ ãäÖÎããñºã ¾ããâÞãñ ËñŒãã¹ãÀãèàã¥ã

2

ÔããÌãÃ•ããä¶ã‡ãŠ ãäÖ¦ããÔããŸãè Àã•¾ã¹ããËãâÞ¾ãã ãäÌã¶ãâ¦ããè ¶ãìÔããÀ Àã•¾ã ãäÌã£ããè½ãâ¡ßã¶ãñ ‡ãñŠËñÊ¾ãã ‡ãŠã¾ã²ãã ‚ãâ¦ãØãÃ¦ã Ô©ãã¹ã¶ãã ¢ããËñÊ¾ãã

½ãÖã½ãâ¡ßãÞ¾ãã ãäÖÎããñºããÞãñ ËñŒãã¹ãÀãèàã¥ã

3

Àã•¾ã¹ããËãâ¶ããè ãäÌã¶ãâ¦ããè ‡ãñŠÊ¾ããÔã C&AG ‚ãããä¥ã ÎããÔã¶ã ¾ããâ¶ããè ½ãã¶¾ã ‡ãñŠËñÊ¾ãã ãä¶ã¾ã½ã ‚ãããä¥ã ‚ã›ãè¶ãìÔããÀ ‡ãŠãñ¥ã¦ããèÖãè ÔãâÔ©ãã ãä‡ãâŠÌãã

¹ãÆããä£ã‡ãŠÀ¥ããÞ¾ãã ãäÖÎããñºããÞãñ ËñŒãã¹ãÀãèàã¥ã


4

(Party-days) ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ãã¦ã ‚ããËñ. ‚ãã½ãÞ¾ãã ãä¶ã£ããÃÀ¥ãã ¹ãÆ½ãã¥ãñ •¾ãã Üã›‡ãŠã¦ã/ÔãâÔ©ãñ¦ã Ëàã¥ããè¾ããäÀ¦¾ãã

•ããñãäŒã½ã Öãñ¦ããè ‚ãÎãã Üã›‡ãŠãâÞãã/ÔãâÔ©ããâÞãã ËñŒãã¹ãÀãèàã¥ãã½ã£¾ãñ Ôã½ããÌãñÎã ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ãã¦ã ‚ããËã.

¹ãÆ¦¾ãñ‡ãŠ Üã›‡ãŠãÞãñ ËñŒãã¹ãÀãèàã¥ã ¹ãî¥ãÃ ¢ããÊ¾ããÌãÀ ËñŒãã¹ãÀãèàã¥ããÞãñ ãä¶ãÓ‡ãŠÓãÃ ‚ãÔãËñËã ãä¶ãÀãèàã¥ã

‚ãÖÌããË ãäÌã¼ããØããÞ¾ãã ¹ãÆ½ãìŒããËã ¹ããŸãäÌã¥¾ãã¦ã ¾ãñ¦ããñ. ËñŒãã¹ãÀãèàã¥ãã¦ããèË ãä¶ãÓ‡ãŠÓããÄ¶ãã ‚ãÖÌããË ¹ãÆã¹¦ã

¢ããÊ¾ãã¹ããÔãî¶ã ÞããÀ ‚ããŸÌã¡¿ãã¦ã „§ãÀ ªñ¥¾ããÞããè ãäÌã¶ãâ¦ããè ãäÌã¼ããØããâ¶ãã ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ãã¦ã ¾ãñ¦ãñ. „§ãÀ ¹ãÆã¹¦ã

¢ããÊ¾ããÌãÀ, „§ãÀ ÔÌããè‡ãŠãÀ¥¾ãã¦ã ¾ãñ¦ãñ ãä‡ãâŠÌãã ¹ãì¤ãèË ‡ãŠã¾ãÃÌããÖãè ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ããÔã ÔãîãäÞã¦ã ‡ãñŠËñ •ãã¦ãñ.

ãä¶ãÀãèàã¥ã ‚ãÖÌããËã¦ã ¶ããòªãäÌãËñËñ ½ãÖ¦ÌããÞãñ ãä¶ãÓ‡ãŠÓãÃ ËñŒãã¹ãÀãèàãã ‚ãÖÌããËã¦ã Ôã½ãããäÌãÓ› ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ããÞããè

¹ãÆãä‰ãŠ¾ãã ¹ãî¥ãÃ ¢ããÊ¾ããÌãÀ ¦ãñ ¼ããÀ¦ããè¾ã ÔãâãäÌã£ãã¶ããÞ¾ãã ‚ã¶ãìÞœñª 151 ¶ãìÔããÀ Àã•¾ã¹ããËãâ¶ãã ÔããªÀ

‡ãŠÀ¥¾ãã¦ã ¾ãñ¦ãã¦ã.

1.6 ËñŒãã¹ãÀãèàã¥ãã¦ããèË ¼ãÖ¦ÌããÞããè ãä¶ãÀãèàã¥ãñ (Observations)

½ããØããèË ‡ãŠãÖãè ÌãÓããÃâ¦ã ËñŒãã¹ãÀãèàãã ãäÌã¼ããØãã¶ãñ ãäÌããäÌã£ã ‡ãŠã¾ãÃ‰ãŠ½ã/„¹ã‡ãÆŠ½ããâÞããè ‚ãâ½ãËºã•ããÌã¥ããè

‡ãŠÀ¦ããâ¶ãã ‚ãã¤ßËñÊ¾ãã Ëàã¥ããè¾ã ¨ãì›ãè ‡ãŠã¾ãÃãäÔã®ãè ËñŒãã¹ãÀãèàã¥ãã¦ãî¶ã ¦ãÔãñÞã ãä¶ãÌã¡‡ãŠ ãäÌã¼ããØããâÞ¾ãã

‚ãâ¦ãØãÃ¦ã ãä¶ã¾ãâ¨ã¥ããÞ¾ãã ª•ããÃ¦ããèÊã „¥ããèÌãã ãä¶ãªÎãÃ¶ããÔã ‚ãã¥ãî¶ã ãäªÊ¾ãã Öãñ¦¾ãã. ¦¾ããÞã ¹ãÆ½ãã¥ãñ

ÎããÔã‡ãŠãè¾ã ãäÌã¼ããØããâÞ¾ãã/ÔãâÔ©ããâÞ¾ãã ‚ã¶ãì¹ããË¶ã ËñŒãã¹ãÀãèàã¥ããâ¦ãî¶ãÖãè „¥ããèÌãã ãä¶ãªÎãÃ¶ããÔã ‚ãã¥ãî¶ã

ãäªÊ¾ãã Öãñ¦¾ãã.

1.6.1 ‡ãŠã½ãÃ‡ãÆŠ¼ã/„¹ã‡ãÆŠ¼ã/ãäÌã»ããØããâÞãñ ‡ãŠã½ãÃãäÔã®ãè ËñŒãã¹ãÀãèàã¥ã

¾ãã ‚ãÖÌããÊãã¦ã ªãñ¶ã ‡ãŠã¾ãÃãäÔã®ãè ÊãñŒãã¹ãÀãèàã¥ããÞãã Ôã½ããÌãñÍã ‚ããÖñ. ¾ãã ‡ãŠã¾ãÃãäÔã®ãè

ÊãñŒãã¹ãÀãèàã¥ããÞããè Ÿß‡ãŠ ÌãõãäÍãÓ›¿ãñ ¹ãì¤ãèÊã ¹ããäÀÞœñªã¦ã ãäªÊãñÊããè ‚ããÖñ¦ã.

1.6.1.1 ‡ãŠñâªÆãè½ã ¼ããØãÃ ãä¶ã£ããè, ÀãÓ›Èãè½ã ‡ãŠðãäÓã †Ìã¼ãá ØãÆã¼ããè¥ã ãäÌã‡ãŠãÔã ºãú‡ãŠ (¶ããºãã¡Ã) ‚ãããä¥ã

¦ãñÀãÌ½ãã ãäÌã§ã ‚ãã½ããñØããÞãã ãä¶ã£ããè ½ãã¦ãî¶ã ‡ãŠñÊãñÊ½ãã ¼ããØããÃÞãñ ÀŠâªãè‡ãŠÀ¥ã,

ºãß‡ãŠ›ãè‡ãŠÀ¥ã ‚ãããä¥ã Ñãñ¥ããèÌãã¤ ½ããÌãÀ ‡ãŠã½ãÃãäÔã®ãè ÊãñŒãã¹ãÀãèàã¥ã

ÀãÓ›ÈãÞ¾ãã Ôãã½ãããä•ã‡ãŠ-‚ãããä©ãÃ‡ãŠ ãäÌã‡ãŠãÔãã‡ãŠãäÀ¦ãã ½ããØãÃ, ¹ãîÊã ‚ãããä¥ã ƒ½ããÀ¦ããè Ûãã ½ãîß ½ãîÊã¼ãî¦ã ÔãìãäÌã£ãã

‚ããÖñ¦ã. ‡ãŠñâªÆãè¾ã ½ããØãÃ ãä¶ã£ããè, ÀãÓ›Èãè¾ã ‡ãŠðãäÓã †Ìã½ãá ØãÆã½ããè¥ã ãäÌã‡ãŠãÔã ºãú‡ãŠ (¶ããºãã¡Ã) ‚ãããä¥ã ¦ãñÀãÌãñ ãäÌã§ã

‚ãã¾ããñØã ãä¶ã£ããè ‚ãÍãã ¾ããñ•ã¶ããâ´ãÀñ ãä¶ããä£ã ¹ãÆªã¶ã ‡ãŠÀŠ¶ã ÀÔ¦ãñ Ìã ¹ãîÊããÞãñ ºããâ£ã‡ãŠã½ã ‚ãããä¥ã ÀŒãÀŒããÌã

¾ãã ‡ãŠÀãè¦ãã ¼ããÀ¦ã ÔãÀ‡ãŠãÀ Àã•¾ã ÔãÀ‡ãŠãÀÊãã ãäÌã§ããè¾ã ÔãÖã¾¾ã ‡ãŠÀ¦ã ñ.

2008-13 ¾ãã ‡ãŠãÊããÌã£ããè¦ã ¦ãÀ¦ãìª ‡ãŠñÊãñÊ¾ãã ãä¶ããä£ã¦ãî¶ã ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ãã¦ã ‚ããÊãñÊ¾ãã ‡ãŠã½ããâÞ¾ãã ‡ãŠã¾ãÃãäÔã®ãè

ÊãñŒãã¹ãÀãèàã¥ãã¦ã, ‡ãŠã½ããÞããè ¹ãÆã©ããä½ã‡ãŠ¦ãã Êãàãã¦ã ¶ã Üãñ¦ãã ½ãâ•ãîÀãè ªñ¥ãñ, Öñ ãä¶ã¾ããñ•ã¶ããÞããè ‡ãŠ½ã¦ãÀ¦ãã

ªÍãÃãäÌã¦ãñ. ¹ãîÌããèÃ ¹ãÆªã¶ã ¢ããÊãñÊ¾ãã ãä¶ã£ããèÞãñ „¹ã¾ããñ•ã¶ã ¹ãÆ½ãã¥ã¹ã¨ã ÌãñßñÌãÀ ¹ãÆÔ¦ãì¦ã ¶ã ‡ãŠñÊ¾ãã½ãìßñ, ¼ããÀ¦ã

ÔãÀ‡ãŠãÀ´ãÀñ ¶ãâ¦ãÀ ¹ãÆªã¶ã Öãñ¥ããÅ ¾ãã ‚ã¶ãìªã¶ããÌãÀ ¹ããäÀ¥ãã½ã ¢ããÊãã. ¹ãÆ¦¾ãàã ŒãÞããÃ¹ãñàãã •ããÔ¦ã

ãä¶ã£ããèÞããè ½ããØã¥ããè ‡ãŠñÊããè ØãñÊããè. Àã•¾ã ÔãÀ‡ãŠãÀ´ãÀñ ¼ããÀ¦ã ÔãÀ‡ãŠãÀÊãã ªñ¥¾ãã¦ã ‚ããÊãñÊ¾ãã ‡ãŠã½ããÞ¾ãã

ãäÔ©ã¦ããèÞãã ‚ãÖÌããÊã ÌããÔ¦ããäÌã‡ãŠ ¶ãÌÖ¦ãã. ‡ãŠã½ããÞ¾ãã ¹ãî¦ãÃ¦ãñÞãã ‡ãŠÀãÀãä¶ããäªÃÓ› ‡ãŠãÊããÌã£ããè ¹ããß¥¾ãã¦ã

‚ããÊãã ¶ãÌÖ¦ãã ‚ãããä¥ã ‡ãŠã½ããÞ¾ãã ½ãâ•ãîãäÀ¦ã Ì¾ãããä¹¦ã¦ã ¹ãŠñÀºãªÊã ¢ããÊãñÊãã Öãñ¦ãã. ¦ãñ©ãñ ãä¶ã‡ãŠðÓ› ‡ãŠã½ããÞ¾ãã

ãä¶ãÓ¹ããª¶ããÞããè ¹ãÆ‡ãŠÀ¥ãñ ‚ããÖñ¦ã ‚ãããä¥ã ãäÌããäÖ¦ã Øãì¥ãÌã§ãã ÞããÞã¥ããè ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ãã¦ã ‚ããÊããè ¶ããÖãè. ‡ãŠã½ããÞ¾ãã

¹ãÆØã¦ããèÌãÀãèÊã ªñŒãÀñŒã ‚ã¹ã¾ããÃ¹¦ã Öãñ¦ããè.


5

1.6.1.2 ¼ãÖãÀãÓ›Èã¦ã ãä¶ã£ããÃÀãè¦ã ÔããÌãÃ•ããä¶ã‡ãŠ ãäÌã¦ãÀ¥ã ¹ãÆ¥ããÊããèÞããè ‚ãâ¼ãÊãºã•ããÌã¥ããè

ÔããÌãÃ•ããä¶ã‡ãŠ ãäÌã¦ãÀ¥ã ¹ãÆ¥ããÊããè (PDS) Öãè ‡ãòŠ³ ¹ãìÀÔ‡ãðŠ¦ã ¾ããñ•ã¶ãã ‚ãÔãî¶ã ¦¾ããÞ¾ãã

‚ãâ½ãÊãºã•ããÌã¥ããèÔããŸãè Àã•¾ã ÍããÔã¶ã •ãºããºãªãÀ ‚ãÔã¦ãñ. PDS Öñ •ã¶ã¦ãñÊãã Ìãã•ãÌããè ªÀã¦ã ‚ã¸ã£ãã¶¾ã

ÌãñßñÌãÀ „¹ãÊãº£ã ‡ãŠÁ¶ã ªñ¥¾ããÞãñ ¦ãÔãñÞã ØãÀãèºããâ¶ãã ‚ã¸ã ÔãìÀàãã ¹ãìÀãäÌã¥¾ããÞããè ¹ãÆ½ãìŒã Ôãã£ã¶ã ‚ããÖñ.

PDS ‚ãâ¦ãØãÃ¦ã, ‡ãòŠ³ ÍããÔã¶ãã¶ãñ ‚ããä£ãÔãîãäÞã¦ã ‡ãñŠÊ¾ãã¹ãÆ½ãã¥ãñ ¦ããâªîß, ØãÖî, ÔããŒãÀ, Œãã²ã ¦ãñÊã, ¦ãîÀ¡ãß

‚ãããä¥ã Àãù‡ãñŠÊãÞãñ ãäÌã¦ãÀ¥ã Öãñ¦ãñ, PDS Þ¾ãã ºãß‡ãŠ›ãè‡ãŠÀ¥ããÔããŸãè ‡ãòŠ³ÍããÔã¶ãã¶ãñ •ãî¶ã 1997 ½ã£¾ãñ

ªããäÀ³¾ã ÀñÓãñŒããÊããèÊã ‡ãìŠ›ìâãäºã¾ããâ¶ãã (BPL) ‚ã¶ãìªããä¶ã¦ã ªÀã¶ãñ ‚ã¸ã£ãã¶¾ããÞãñ Ìãã›¹ã ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ããÔããŸãè

ãä¶ã£ããÃÀãè¦ã ÔããÌãÃ•ããä¶ã‡ãŠ ãäÌã¦ãÀ¥ã ¹ãÆ¥ããÊããèÞããè ÔãìÁÌãã¦ã ‡ãñŠÊããè.

ÌãÓãÃ 2008-09 ¦ãñ 2012-13 ¾ãã ‡ãŠãÊããÌã£ããèÞ¾ãã ‡ãñŠÊãñÊ¾ãã ‡ãŠã¾ãÃãäÔã®ãè ÊãñŒãã¹ããäÀàãñ¦ã ‚ãÔãñ ‚ãã¤ßî¶ã

‚ããÊãñ ‡ãŠãè, ‚ã¹ãã¨ã ‡ãìŠ›âìºããâ¶ãã ãä¶ãÊãóãäŒã¦ã ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ããÔããŸãè BPL ‡ãìŠ›ìºããâÞ¾ãã ¾ããªãèÞãñ ªÀÌãÓããê ¹ãì¶ããäÌãÃÊããñ‡ãŠ¶ã

‡ãñŠÊãñ ¶ãÌÖ¦ãñ.†‡ãŠãè‡ãŠ¡ñ Àã•¾ããÊãã Ìãã›¹ã ¢ããÊãñÊ¾ãã ‚ã¶¶ã£ãã¶¾ããÞ¾ãã ÔããŸ¿ããÞããè Àã•¾ãã¶ãñ „ÞãÊã ‡ãñŠÊããè

¶ãÌÖ¦ããè ¦¾ããÞãÌãñßãè ŒãìÊ¾ãã ºãã•ããÀã¦ãî¶ã ¦ããâªîß ãäÌã‡ãŠ¦ã Üãñ¥¾ããÌãÀ ¢ããÊãñÊãã ŒãÞãÃ ›ãß¥¾ãã•ããñØãã Öãñ¦ãã.

FCI ½ã£ãî¶ã ‚ã¸ã£ãã¶¾ããÞããè „ÞãÊã ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ãã¹ãîÌããê ¦¾ããÞããè ¦ã¹ããÔã¥ããè ‡ãñŠÊããè ¶ãÌÖ¦ããè. •ããèÌã¶ããÌãÍ¾ã‡ãŠ ÌãÔ¦ãî

ÔããŸÌã¥ãî‡ãŠãèÞããè àã½ã¦ãã Ìãã¤Ìã¥¾ããÔããŸãè ‚ããä¦ããäÀ‡ã‹¦ã Øããñªã½ãñ ºããâ£ã¥¾ããÞãñ ‡ãŠã½ã ‚ã¦¾ãâ¦ã

‚ãÔã½ãã£ãã¶ã‡ãŠãÀ‡ãŠ ¹ãÆ½ãã¥ãã¦ã ‡ãñŠÊãñ ØãñÊãñ Öãñ¦ãñ. Àãù‡ãñŠÊãÌãÀãèÊã ÀãñŒã ‚ã¶ãìªã¶ããÞãñ ©ãñ› ÖÔ¦ããâ¦ãÀ¥ã ½ããØãñ

¹ã¡Êãñ Öãñ¦ãñ ‚ãããä¥ã ÌããÖ¶ã ½ããØã ¹ãÆ¥ããÊããè ¹ããäÀ¥ãã½ã‡ãŠãÀ‡ãŠ ¶ãÌÖ¦ããè. ãäÌããäÌã£ã Ô¦ãÀãÌãÀ ‚ããÌãÍ¾ã‡ãŠ

ÔãâŒ¾ãñ¦ã ÖÌ¾ãã ‚ãÔãÊãñÊ¾ãã ªàã¦ãã Ôããä½ã¦¾ãã ØãŸãè¦ã ¶ã ‡ãñŠÊ¾ãã½ãìßñ ¾ããñ•ã¶ãñÌãÀãèÊã Ôãâãä¶ã¾ãâ¨ã¥ã ‡ãŠ½ã‡ãìŠÌã¦ã

Öãñ¦ãñ. ¶ãã½ããä¶ãªóÍããè¦ã ¹ãªããä£ã‡ãŠã-¾ããâ‡ãŠ¡î¶ã Øããñªã½ãñ, ÔÌãÔ¦ã £ãã¶¾ã ªì‡ãŠã¶ãñ ‚ãããä¥ã ãäÍã£ããÌãã›¹ã

¹ããä¨ã‡ãŠãâÞ¾ãã ¦ã¹ããÔã¥ããè¦ã ‡ãŠ½ã¦ãÀ¦ãã Öãñ¦ããè.

1.6.2 ÍããÔã‡ãŠãè½ã Ì½ãÌãÖãÀãâÞãñ ‚ã¶ãì¹ããÊã¶ã ÊãñŒãã¹ãÀãèàã¥ã

‚ã¶ãì¹ããÊã¶ã ÊãñŒãã¹ãÀãèàãñ¦ã ãä¶ã¾ã½ã ‚ãããä¥ã ‚ããä£ããä¶ã¾ã½ããâÞãñ ‚ã¶ãì¹ããÊã¶ã ¶ã ‡ãŠÀ¥ãñ, ¹ã¾ããÃ¹¦ã

Ôã½ã©ãÃ¶ãããäÍãÌãã¾ã ŒãÞãÃ ‚ãããä¥ã ¶ã•ãÀÞãì‡ãŠãè¶ãñ/‚ãâ½ãÊãºã•ããÌã¥ããèÞãñ ‚ã¹ã¾ãÍã ¾ãã Ôãâª¼ããÃ¦ã Êãàã¥ããè¾ã

‡ãŠ½ã¦ãÀ¦ãã ‚ãã¤ßÊ¾ãã. ¾ãã ‚ãÖÌããÊãã¦ã Ôã½ãããäÌãÓ› ‚ãÔãÊãñÊãñ ‚ã¶ãì¹ããÊã¶ã ÊãñŒãã¹ãÀãèàã¥ã ¹ããäÀÞœñªã¦ããèÊã

½ãÖ¦ÌããÞãñ ãä¶ãÓ‡ãŠÓãÃ ŒããÊããè ªÍãÃãäÌãÊãñ ‚ããÖñ¦ã.

1.6.2.1 ãä¶ã½ã¼ã ‚ãããä¥ã ‚ããä£ããä¶ã½ã¼ããâÞãñ ‚ã¶ãì¹ããÊã¶ã ¶ã ‡ãŠÀ¥ãñ

½ã•ãºãî¦ã ‚ã©ãÃÌ¾ãÌãÔ©ãã ‚ãããä¥ã ‚ãããä©ãÃ‡ãŠ ãä¶ã¾ãâ¨ã¥ããÔããŸãè Ôãàã½ã ‚ããä£ã‡ãŠãÅ ¾ããâ¶ããè •ããÀãè ‡ãŠñÊãñÊãñ ãä¶ã¾ã½ã

‚ãããä¥ã ‚ããªñÍã ¾ããâ¶ãã ‚ã¶ãìÔãÀŠ¶ã ŒãÞãÃ ‡ãŠÀ¥ãñ ‚ããÌãÍ¾ã‡ãŠ ‚ããÖñ. ¦¾ãã½ãìßñ ‚ããä¶ã¾ããä½ã¦ã¦ãã, ØãõÀãäÌããä¶ã¾ããñØã

‚ãããä¥ã ‚ã¹ãŠÀã¦ã¹ãŠÀ ¾ããâ¶ãã ‚ããßã ºãÔãî¶ã „¦¦ã½ã ‚ãããä©ãÃ‡ãŠ ãäÍãÔ¦ã ÀãÖ¦ãñ. ãä¶ã¾ã½ã ‚ãããä¥ã ãäÌããä¶ã¾ã½ã

¾ããâÞ¾ãã „ÊÊãâÜã¶ããÞããè ÊãñŒãã¹ãÀãèàã¥ãã¦ã ‚ãã¤ßÊãñÊããè ¹ãÆ‡ãŠÀ¥ãñ ¹ãì¤ãèÊã ¹ãÆ½ãã¥ãñ ‚ããÖñ¦ã :

¹ãÆ‡ãŠÊ¹ããÊãã ÊããØã¥ããÀãè •ããØãã ¦ããº¾ãã¦ã ¶ã Üãñ¦ãã ‡ãŠã½ã ºãÖãÊã ‡ãŠñÊ¾ãã½ãìßñ ‚ãããä¥ã ` ‚ããŸ ‡ãŠãñ›ãè

ÔãìÔã••ã¦ãã ‚ããäØãÆ½ã ãäªÊ¾ãã½ãìßñ ÍããÔã¶ããÞ¾ãã ¦ãñÌã¤¿ãã ãä¶ã£ããèÞããè ‚ã¡Ìã¥ãî‡ãŠ ¢ããÊããè ‚ãããä¥ã

ÍããÔã¶ããÞããè ` 3.03 ‡ãŠãñ›ãè †Ìã¤ãè ›ãß¦ãã ¾ãñ¥¾ãã•ããñØããè Ì¾ãã•ããÞããè Öããä¶ã ¢ããÊããè.

(¹ããäÀÞœñª 3.1.1)


6

•ã½ããè¶ã ¦ããº¾ãã¦ã ¶ã Üãñ¦ãã ‡ãŠã½ã ÔãìÀŠ ‡ãŠñÊ¾ãã¶ãñ ‡ãŠãÊãÌ¾ããÞããè ÔãâÀñŒãã ºãªÊããÌããè ÊããØãÊ¾ãã½ãìßñ

•ãÊãÔãâ¹ãªã ãäÌã¼ããØããÔã ` 1.24 ‡ãŠãñ›ãèÞãã ›ãß¦ãã ¾ãñ¥¾ãã•ããñØãã •ããªã ŒãÞãÃ ‡ãŠÀãÌãã ÊããØãÊãã.


¹ããñ¹ã›Œãñ¡ ÊãÜãì ãäÔãâÞã¶ã ¹ãÆ‡ãŠÊ¹ã ›¹¹ãã - ýý Þããè ¹ãðÓŸ¼ããØã (Subsurface) ¦ã¹ããÔã¥ããè ‚ãâªã•ã¹ã¨ã‡ãŠñ

¦ã¾ããÀ ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ãã¹ãîÌããèÃ ¶ã ‡ãŠñÊ¾ãã½ãìßñ ‚ãããä¥ã ‡ãŠã½ã ¹ãÆªã¶ã ‡ãŠñÊ¾ããÌãÀ £ãÀ¥ããÞ¾ãã ÀñŒãããäÞã¨ãã¦ã ºãªÊã

‡ãŠñÊ¾ãã½ãìßñ ` 2.52 ‡ãŠãñ›ãèÞãã •ããªã ŒãÞãÃ.


‡ãŠŸãè¥ã Œã¡‡ãŠãÞãñ ãä¶ã¾ãâãä¨ã¦ã Ô¹ãŠãñ›ã´ãÀñ „¦Œã¶ã¶ããÔããŸãè Þãìãä‡ãŠÞãñ ªÀ ÊããÌãÊ¾ãã½ãìßñ ` 38.43

Êãàã •ããªã ŒãÞãÃ ‚ãããä¥ã ‡ãŠâ¨ãã›ªãÀãÊãã ¦ãñÌã¤ã ‚ãÖñ¦ãì‡ãŠ Êãã¼ã ¢ããÊãã.


ÔãÖã¾¾ã‡ãŠ ‚ã¶ãìªã¶ãñ ºãÞã¦ã Œãã¦¾ãã†ñÌã•ããè ÞããËî Œãã¦¾ãã¦ã ŸñÌãÊ¾ãã½ãìßñ ` 74.21 Ëàã

À‡ã‹‡ãŠ½ãñÞ¾ãã Ì¾ãã•ããÞããè Öã¶ããè ¢ããÊããè Öãñ¦ããè.


1.6.2.2 ‚ããõãäÞã¦½ã ÊãñŒãã¹ãÀãèàãã ‚ãããä¥ã ¹ãìÀñÍãã Ôã¼ã©ãÃ¶ãããäÍãÌãã½ã ‡ãŠñÊãñÊ½ãã ŒãÞããÃÞããè

¹ãÆ‡ãŠÀ¥ãñ

ÔããÌãÃ•ããä¶ã‡ãŠ ãä¶ã£ããè¦ãî¶ã ‡ãŠñÊãñÊ¾ãã ŒãÞããÃÞãñ ¹ãÆããä£ã‡ãŠð¦ããè‡ãŠÀ¥ã, Öñ ÔããÌãÃ•ããä¶ã‡ãŠ ŒãÞããÃÞ¾ãã ‚ããõãäÞã¦¾ã

‚ãããä¥ã ‡ãŠã¾ãÃàã½ã¦ãã ¦ã¦ÌããâÞ¾ãã ½ããØãÃªÍãÃ¶ãã¶ãìÔããÀ ‚ãÔããÌãñ. ÔãÌãÃÔãã½ãã¶¾ã Ì¾ããä‡ã‹¦ã ÔÌã¦ã:Þ¾ãã

¹ãõÍãããäÌãÓã¾ããè •¾ãã ¹ãÆ½ãã¥ãã¦ã •ããØãÀŠ‡ãŠ ‚ãÔã¦ãñ ¦ãñÌã¤ãèÞã •ããØãÀŠ‡ãŠ¦ãã ŒãÞãÃ ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ããÔããŸãè ¹ãÆããä£ã‡ãŠð¦ã

‡ãŠñÊãñÊ¾ãã ‚ããä£ã‡ãŠãÅ ¾ããâ¶ããè ªãŒãÌããÌããè. ÊãñŒãã¹ãÀãèàãñ¶ãñ ãä¶ãªÍãÃ¶ããÔã ‚ãã¥ãÊãñÊããè ` 3.83 ‡ãŠãñ›ãèÞããè

‚ã¶ããõãäÞã¦¾ã ‚ãããä¥ã ‚ãÔÌããè‡ãŠã¾ãÃ ¼ãìØã¦ãã¶ã / ãä¶ãÓ¹ãŠß ŒãÞããÃÞããè ¹ãÆ‡ãŠÀ¥ãñ ŒããÊããè ãäªÊããè ‚ããÖñ¦ã:

‡ãŠâ¨ãã›ãÞ¾ãã ‚ã›ãèâãäÌãÀŠ® ¹ã¾ããÃ¾ããè Œãã¥ããè¦ãî¶ã Ìããßî ‚ãã¥ã¥¾ããÔããŸãèÞãã ŒãÞãÃ ª ñ¥¾ããÞããè

‡ãŠâ¨ãã›ªãÀãÞããè ½ããØã¥ããè •ãÊãÔãâ¹ãªã ãäÌã¼ããØãã¶ãñ ½ãã¶¾ã ‡ãŠñÊ¾ãã½ãìßñ ‡ãŠâ¨ãã›ªãÀãÊãã ‚ããä¦ããäÀ‡ã‹¦ã ÌãÖ¶ã

‚ãâ¦ãÀãªãŒãÊã ` 2.14 ‡ãŠãñ›ãèÞãñ ‚ãÔÌããè‡ãŠã¾ãÃ ¼ãìØã¦ãã¶ã ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ãã¦ã ‚ããÊãñ.


•ãÊãÔãâ¹ãªã ãäÌã¼ããØãã¶ãñ, ØããñÔããèŒãìªÃ ãäÔãâÞã¶ã ¹ãÆ‡ãŠÊ¹ãã½ãìßñ ãäÌãÔ©ãããä¹ã¦ã ¢ããÊãñÊ¾ãã, ¼ãâ¡ãÀã Ìã ¶ããØã¹ãîÀ

ãä•ãÊÛãã¦ããèÊã 3,688 Êãã¼ãã©¾ããÃâ¶ãã ÔãâØã¥ã‡ãŠ ¹ãÆãäÍãàã¥ã ªñ¥ãñ ¾ãã Öñ¦ãîÔããŸãè ` 1.69 ‡ãŠãñ›ãè

ÔãâãäÌã¦ããäÀ¦ã ‡ãŠñÊãñ. ¹ãÀâ¦ãì Öã ŒãÞãÃ ãä¶ãÓ¹ãŠß ŸÀÊãã ‡ãŠãÀ¥ã ‡ãŠãñ¥ã¦ããÖãè Êãã¼ãã©ããèÃ ¹ãÆãäÍãàã¥ã

Üãñ¥¾ããÔããŸãè ãä¶ã£ããÃãäÀ¦ã ÔãâÔ©ãñ¦ã ØãñÊãã ¶ããÖãè ‚ãããä¥ã ¹ãÆãäÍãàã¥ã ‚ã¶ãìªã¶ã ¦¾ããâ¶ããè ÔÌã¦ã:Þã ŸñÌãî¶ã

Üãñ¦ãÊãñ.


1.7 ÎããÔã¶ããÞãã ËñŒãã¹ãÀãèàã¥ããÔã ¹ãÆãä¦ãÔããª¦ãñÞãã ‚ã»ããÌã

1.7.1 ¹ãÆÊãâãäºã¦ã ãä¶ãÀãèàã¥ã ‚ãÖÌããÊã

ãäÌããäÖ¦ã ‡ãñŠÊãñÊ¾ãã ãä¶ã¾ã½ã ‚ãããä¥ã ¹ã®¦ããè¶ãìÔããÀ ½ãÖãÊãñŒãã‡ãŠãÀ (ÊãñŒãã¹ãÀãèàãã)-II, ¶ããØã¹ãîÀ Öñ ÎããÔã‡ãŠãè¾ã

ãäÌã¼ããØããâÞ¾ãã Ì¾ãÌãÖãÀãâÞããè ‚ãããä¥ã ½ãÖ¦ÌããÞ¾ãã ÊãñŒ¾ããâÞ¾ãã ÀŒãÀŒããÌããÞããè ‚ãããä¥ã ƒ¦ãÀ ªÔ¦ããÌãñ•ããâÞãñ


7

‡ãŠãÊãºã® ãä¶ãÀãèàã¥ã ‚ãããä¥ã ¦ã¹ããÔã¥ããè ‡ãŠÀãè¦ã ‚ãÔã¦ãã¦ãû ¾ãã ãä¶ãÀãèàã¥ããâÞãñ ‚ãÖÌããÊã Ôãâºãâ£ããè¦ã ‡ãŠã¾ããÃÊã¾ã

¹ãÆ½ãìŒããâ¶ãã ‚ãããä¥ã ¦¾ããÞããè ¹ãÆ¦ã ¦¾ããâÞ¾ãã ÌããäÀÓŸ ‡ãŠã¾ããÃÊã¾ããâ¶ãã ¹ããŸãäÌãÊããè •ãã¦ãñ. ÊãñŒãã¹ãÀãèàã¥ãã¦ããèÊã

¹ãÆÊãâãäºã¦ã ãä¶ããäÀàã¥ããâÞ¾ãã Ôãâª¼ããÃ¦ã Öãñ¦ã ‚ãÔãÊãñÊ¾ãã ‡ãŠã¾ãÃÌããÖãè Ôãâºãâ£ããèÞãã ‚ãÖÌããÊã ¦¾ãã ãäÌã¼ããØããÞ¾ãã

ÔããäÞãÌããâ‡ãŠ¡ñ ¦¾ããâÞ¾ãã Ôãâãä¶ã¾ãâ¨ã¥ããÔããŸãè ªÀ ÔãÖã ½ããäÖ¶¾ããâ¶ããè ¹ããŸãäÌãÊãã •ãã¦ããñû

•ãî¶ã 2013 ¹ã¾ãÃâ¦ã, 3,359 ãä¶ãÀãèàã¥ã ‚ãÖÌããÊã (9,926 ¹ããäÀÞœñª) ¹ãÆÊãâãäºã¦ã Öãñ¦ãñ. ¹ãÆÊãâãäºã¦ã

‚ãÔãÊãñÊ¾ãã ãä¶ãÀãèàã¥ã ‚ãÖÌããÊããâÞããè ‚ãããä¥ã ¹ããäÀÞœñªãâÞããè ÌãÓãÃãä¶ãÖã¾ã ãäÔ©ã¦ããè ¹ããäÀãäÎãÓ› 1.1 ½ã£¾ãñ

ªÎãÃãäÌãÊããè ‚ããÖñ.

1.7.2 ¹ãÆãÁ¹ã ¹ããäÀÞœñªãâ¶ãã ‚ãããä¥ã ‡ãŠã½ãÃãäÔã®ãè ÊãñŒãã¹ãÀãèàã¥ããÊãã ãäÌã¼ããØããÞãã

¹ãÆãä¦ãÔããª

¹ãÆãÁ¹ã ¹ããäÀÞœñª Ìã ‡ãŠã¾ãÃãäÔã®ãè ÊãñŒãã¹ãÀãèàã¥ã Ôãâºãâãä£ã¦ã ãäÌã¼ããØããÞ¾ãã ¹ãÆ£ãã¶ã ÔããäÞãÌããâ¶ãã/ÔããäÞãÌããâ¶ãã

¦¾ããâÞãã ¹ãÆãä¦ãÔããª ÔãÖã ‚ããŸÌã¡¿ãã¦ã ¹ããŸãäÌã¥¾ããÞ¾ãã ãäÌã¶ãâ¦ããèÔãÖ, ‚ã£ãÃÎããÔã‡ãŠãè¾ã ¹ã¨ãã´ãÀñ •ãã¶ãñÌããÀãè

2012 ‚ãããä¥ã ‚ããùØãÔ› 2013 ªÀ½¾ãã¶ã ¹ããŸãäÌã¥¾ãã¦ã ‚ããÊãñ Öãñ¦ãñû ¾ãã ‚ãÖÌããÊãã¦ã ‚ãÔãÊãñÊ¾ãã Ôãã¦ã

¹ããäÀÞœñªãâ¹ãõ‡ãŠãè †‡ãŠã ¹ããäÀÞœñªãÔã ÎããÔã¶ããÞãñ „§ãÀ ¹ãÆã¹¦ã ¢ããÊãñ Ìã ‘‡ãŠñâªÆãè¾ã ½ããØãÃ ãä¶ã£ããè, ÀãÓ›Èãè¾ã ‡ãŠðãäÓã

†Ìã½ãá ØãÆã½ããè¥ã ãäÌã‡ãŠãÔã ºãú‡ãŠ (¶ããºãã¡Ã) ‚ãããä¥ã ¦ãñÀãÌ¾ãã ãäÌã§ã ‚ãã¾ããñØããÞãã ãä¶ã£ããè ¾ãã¦ãî¶ã ‡ãŠñÊãñÊ¾ãã

½ããØããÃÞãñ ÀŠâªãè‡ãŠÀ¥ã, ºãß‡ãŠ›ãè‡ãŠÀ¥ã ‚ãããä¥ã Ñãñ¥ããèÌãã¤’ ¾ããÌãÀãèÊã ‡ãŠã¾ãÃãäÔã®ãè ÊãñŒãã¹ãÀãèàã¥ããÞãñ „§ãÀ

¹ãÆã¹¦ã ¢ããÊãñ ¶ããÖãèû •ãñ©ãñ-•ãñ©ãñ „§ãÀñ ¹ãÆã¹¦ã ¢ããÊããè Öãñ¦ããè, ¦¾ããâÞãã ‚ãÖÌããÊãã¦ã ¾ã©ããñãäÞã¦ã Ôã½ããÌãñÎã

‡ãŠÀ¥¾ãã¦ã ‚ããÊãñÊãã ‚ããÖñû

1.7.3 ÊãñŒãã¹ãÀãèàãã ‚ãÖÌããÊããâÞãã ¹ããŸ¹ãìÀãÌãã

ãäÌã£ããè½ãâ¡ßãÊãã ÊãñŒãã¹ãÀãèàãã ‚ãÖÌããÊã ÔããªÀ ‡ãñŠÊ¾ãã¶ãâ¦ãÀ ¦ããè¶ã ½ããäÖ¶¾ããÞ¾ãã ‚ãã¦ã ¹ãÆÎããÔã‡ãŠãè¾ã

ãäÌã¼ããØããâ¶ããè ÊãñŒãã¹ãÀãèàãã ‚ãÖÌããÊãã¦ã Ôã½ãããäÌãÓ› ¹ããäÀÞœñªãâ Ôãâºãâ£ããèÞãñ ÊãñŒãã¹ãÀãèàãñ´ãÀã ¹ã¡¦ããß¥ããè

‡ãñŠÊãñÊãñ Ô¹ãÓ›ãè‡ãŠÀ¥ãã¦½ã‡ãŠ —ãã¹ã¶ã, ãäÌã§ã ãäÌã¼ããØã, ½ãÖãÀãÓ›È ÍããÔã¶ã ¾ããâÞ¾ãã •ãã¶ãñÌããÀãè 2001 Þ¾ãã

ÔãîÞã¶ãñ¹ãÆ½ãã¥ãñ, ½ãÖãÀãÓ›È ãäÌã£ããè½ãâ¡ß ÔããäÞãÌããÊã¾ãã‡ãŠ¡ñ ¹ããŸãäÌã¥ãñ ‚ããÌãÎ¾ã‡ãŠ ‚ããÖñû ¹ãÀâ¦ãì ¹ãÆÎããÔã‡ãŠãè¾ã

ãäÌã¼ããØãã¶ãñ ¾ãã ÔãîÞã¶ããâÞããè ¹ãî¦ãÃ¦ãã ‡ãñŠÊããè ¶ããÖãèû ÌãÓãÃ 1991-92 ¹ããÔãî¶ã 2011-12 ¹ã¾ãÄ¦ãÞ¾ãã

‡ãŠãÊããÌã£ããè¦ããèÊã 24 ¹ããäÀÞœñª/‚ãã¤ãÌ¾ããâÞããè (Reviews) Ô¹ãÓ›ãè‡ãŠÀ¥ãã¦½ã‡ãŠ —ãã¹ã¶ãñ (explanatory

memoranda) ‚ã•ãî¶ã¹ã¾ãÄ¦ã ¹ãÆã¹¦ã ¢ããÊããè ¶ããÖãè¦ãû ÌãÓãÃ 2006-07 ¦ãñ 2011-12 ¹ã¾ãÄ¦ãÞããè ¹ãÆÊãâãäºã¦ã

Ô¹ãÓ›ãè‡ãŠÀ¥ãã¦½ã‡ãŠ —ãã¹ã¶ããâÞããè ãäÔ©ã¦ããè ¦ã‡ã‹¦ãã ‡ãÆŠ.2 ¹ãÆ½ãã¥ãñ ‚ããÖñû

¦ã‡ã‹¦ãã 2: ÌãÓãÃ 2006-12 ªÀ¼½ãã¶ã Ô¹ãÓ›ãè‡ãŠÀ¥ãã¦¼ã‡ãŠ —ãã¹ã¶ããâÞ½ãã ÔããªÀãè‡ãŠÀ¥ããÞããè ãäÔ©ã¦ããè

ÊãñŒãã¹ãÀãèàãã ‚ãÖÌããÊã ÔããªÀ

‡ãŠÀ¥½ããÞããè ¦ãããäÀŒã

¹ããäÀÞœñªãâÞããè ‚ãããä¥ã

‚ãã¤ãÌ½ããâÞããè ÔãâŒ½ãã

¹ãÆã¹¦ã ¢ããÊãñÊããè Ô¹ãÓ›ãè‡ãŠÀ¥ãã¦¼ã‡ãŠ

—ãã¹ã¶ãñ

ºãã‡ãŠãè

2006-07 25 †ãä¹ãÆÊã 2008 21 21 -

2007-08 12 •ãî¶ã 2009 22 21 1

2008-09 23 †ãä¹ãÆÊã 2010 14 14 -

2009-10 21 †ãä¹ãÆÊã 2011 ‚ãããä¥ã

23 ãä¡ÔãñâºãÀ 2011

13 12 1

2010-11 17 †ãä¹ãÆÊã 2012 15 10 5

2011-12 18 †ãä¹ãÆÊã 2013 11 2 9

†‡ãŠî¥ã 96 80 16


8

ÌãÓãÃ 2006-07 ¹ãîÌããêÞ¾ãã ‚ããŸ ¹ããäÀÞœñªãâÞããè Ô¹ãÓ›ãè‡ãŠÀ¥ãã¦½ã‡ãŠ —ãã¹ã¶ãñ ‚ã²ãã¹ã ¾ãñ¥ãñ ºãã‡ãŠãè ‚ããÖñ¦ã.

¦¾ããâÞããè ãäÌã¼ããØããä¶ãÖã¾ã ãäÔ©ã¦ããè ¹ããäÀãäÎãÓ› 1.2 ½ã£¾ãñ ãäªÊãñÊããè ‚ããÖñû

ÊãñŒãã¹ãÀãèàãã ‚ãÖÌããÊãã¦ããèÊã ÔãÌãÃ ãäÌãÓã¾ããâÞ¾ãã ºããºã¦ããè¦ã ‡ãŠã¾ãÃ‡ãŠãÀãè ‚ããä£ã‡ãŠãÅ ¾ããÞ¾ãã •ãºããºãªñÖãè

ãäÌãÓã¾ããèÞããè Œãã¦ãÀ•ã½ãã ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ãã‡ãŠãäÀ¦ãã Êããñ‡ãŠ ÊãñŒãã Ôããä½ããä¦ã¶ãñ ¹ãÆ¦¾ãñ‡ãŠ ¹ãÆ‡ãŠÀ¥ãã½ã£¾ãñ ¦¾ããâÞ¾ãã

ãäÍã¹ãŠãÀÍããèâ¶ãìÔããÀ ‡ãŠãÀÌããƒÃ ‡ãŠñÊãñÊ¾ãã ¶ããñâªãè ãäÌã¼ããØãã´ãÀñ (ATNs) ãä‡ãŠ¦ããè ‡ãŠãÊããÌã£ããè¦ã ÔããªÀ

‡ãŠÀãÌã¾ããÔã ¹ãããäÖ•ãñ, Öñ ¶ã½ãîª ‡ãŠñÊãñÊãñ ‚ãÔã¦ãñ.

Êããñ‡ãŠ ÊãñŒãã Ôããä½ããä¦ã¶ãñ ÌãÓãÃ 1985-86 ¦ãñ 2011-12 ¹ã¾ãÃâ¦ãÞ¾ãã ÊãñŒãã¹ãÀãèàãã ‚ãÖÌããÊãã¦ããèÊã 190

¹ããäÀÞœñªãâÌãÀ ÞãÞããÃ ‡ãŠñÊããè ‚ãããä¥ã 176 ãäÍã¹ãŠãÀÍããè ãäªÊ¾ãã •¾ãã¹ãõ‡ãŠãè ¦ã‡ã‹¦ãã 3 ½ã£¾ãñ ªÍãÃãäÌãÊ¾ãã¹ãÆ½ãã¥ãñ

125 ãäÍã¹ãŠãÀÍããèÌãÀãèÊã ‡ãŠãÀÌããƒÃ ‡ãŠñÊãñÊ¾ãã ¶ããñâªãè ¹ãÆÊãâãäºã¦ã Öãñ¦¾ãã.

¦ã‡ã‹¦ãã 3 : Êããñ‡ãŠÊãñŒãã Ôããä¼ã¦ããèÞ½ãã ãäÍã¹ãŠãÀÍããèâÌãÀ ‡ãŠãÀÌããƒÃ ‡ãŠñÊãñÊ½ãã ¶ããñâªãèÞããè ¹ãÆÊãâãäºã¦ã ãäÔ©ã¦ããè

Êããñ‡ãŠÊãñŒãã Ôããä½ããä¦ãÞ¾ãã ãäÍã¹ãŠãÀÍããèâÌãÀ ‡ãŠãÀÌããƒÃ ‡ãŠñÊãñÊ¾ãã ‚ã¹ãÆã¹¦ã ¶ããñâªãèÞããè ãäÌã¼ããØããä¶ãÖã¾ã ãäÔ©ã¦ããè

¹ããäÀãäÍãÓ› 1.3 ½ã£¾ãñ ªÍãÃÃãäÌãÊããè ‚ããÖñ.

ÊãñŒãã¹ãÀãèàãã

‚ãÖÌããÊããÞãñ ÌãÓãÃ

Êããñ‡ãŠ ÊãñŒãã Ôããä¼ããä¦ã

‚ãÖÌããÊã ‡ãÆŠ¼ããâ‡ãŠ

Êããñ‡ãŠ ÊãñŒãã

Ôããä½ããä¦ãÞãñ ÌãÓãÃ

ãäÍã¹ãŠãÀÎããèâÞããè

ÔãâŒ½ãã

Êããñ‡ãŠÊãñŒãã Ôããä¼ããä¦ãÞ½ãã ãäÍã¹ãŠãÀÎããèâÌãÀ

‡ãŠãÀÌããƒÃ ‡ãŠñÊãñÊ½ãã ‚ã¹ãÆã¹¦ã ¶ããñâªãèÞããè ÔãâŒ½ãã

1985-86 ¦ãñ

2001-02

16,18,28,24,19, 1994-95

123 89

1,2,4,6,7,8 1995-96

20,24,25,27 1997-98

3 2000-01

13 2003-04

8 2007-08

13 2008-09

2002-03 0 0

2003-04 0 0

2004-05 14 2008-09 04 4

2005-06 8 2010-11 17 17

2006-07 9

15

2012-13

2008-09

09

20

00

12

2007-08 13 2012-13 03 03

2008-09 -- -- 0 0

2009-10 -- -- 0 0

2010-11 -- -- 0 0

2011-12 -- -- 0 0

†‡ãŠî¥ã 176 125

·ãÃ‡ãŠ½¥ã - II

ÔããÌãÀ•ããäµã‡ãŠ ¸ããâ£ã‡ãŠãºã ãäÌã¹ããØã

2.1 ‡ãŠñâªÃãè»ã ºããØãÀ ãäµããä£ã, ½ãÓ›Èãè»ã ‡ãŠðãäÓã †Ìãºãá ØãÃãºããè¥ã ãäÌã‡ãŠãÔã ¸ãú‡ãŠ (µãã¸ãã¡À) ‚ãããä¥ã ¦ãñ½ãÌ»ãã

ãäÌã§ã ‚ãã»ããñØããÞãã ãäµããä£ã »ãã¦ãîµã ‡ãŠñÊãñÊ»ãã ºããØããÀâÞãñ ½Šâªãè‡ãŠ½¥ã, ¸ãß‡ãŠ›ãè‡ãŠ½¥ã ‚ãããä¥ã

Ñãñ¥ããèÌãã¤

ÀãÓ›ÈãÞ¾ãã Ôãã½ãããä•ã‡ãŠ-‚ãããä©ãÃ‡ãŠ ãäÌã‡ãŠãÔãã‡ãŠãäÀ¦ãã ½ããØãÃ, ¹ãîÊã ‚ãããä¥ã ƒ½ããÀ¦ããè ¾ãã ½ãîß ¹ãã¾ãã¼ãî¦ã

ÔãìãäÌã£ãã ‚ããÖñ¦ã. ¼ããÀ¦ã ÔãÀ‡ãŠãÀ ½ããØãÃ ‚ãããä¥ã ¹ãîÊã ¾ããâÞ¾ãã ºããâ£ã‡ãŠã½ãã‡ãŠãäÀ¦ãã Ìã ¹ããäÀÀàã¥ãã‡ãŠãäÀ¦ãã

‡ãŠñâªÆãè¾ã ½ããØãÃ ãä¶ããä£ã, ÀãÓ›Èãè¾ã ‡ãŠðãäÓã †Ìã½ãá ØãÆã½ããè¥ã ãäÌã‡ãŠãÔã ºãú‡ãŠ ‚ãããä¥ã ¦ãñÀãÌãñ ãäÌã§ã ‚ãã¾ããñØã ¾ããâÞ¾ãã

½ãã¹ãŠÃ¦ã ãä¶ããä£ãÞããè ¦ãÀ¦ãìª ‡ãŠÀŠ¶ã Àã•¾ã ÍããÔã¶ããÔã ãäÌã§ããè¾ã ÔãÖã¾¾ã ¹ãìÀãäÌã¦ãñ.

2008-13 ¾ãã ‡ãŠãÊããÌã£ããè¦ã ¾ãã ãä¶ã£ããè¦ãî¶ã ãä¶ãÓ¹ãããäª¦ã ‡ãŠñÊãñÊ¾ãã ‡ãŠã½ããâÞ¾ãã ‡ãŠã¾ãÃãäÔã®ãè ÊãñŒãã¹ãÀãèàã¥ãã¦ã

‡ãŠã½ããâÞ¾ãã ¹ãÆã©ããä½ã‡ãŠ¦ãñ¶ãìÔããÀ ‡ãŠã½ãñ ½ãâ•ãîÀ ¶ã ‡ãŠñÊ¾ãã¶ãñ ‡ãŠ½ã‡ãŠìÌã¦ã ãä¶ã¾ããñ•ã¶ã ãä¶ãªÍãÃ¶ããÔã ‚ããÊãñ. ¹ãîÌããèÃ

ªñ¥¾ãã¦ã ‚ããÊãñÊ¾ãã ‚ã¶ãìªã¶ããºããºã¦ãÞãñ „¹ã¾ããñ•ã¶ã ¹ãÆ½ãã¥ã¹ã¨ã ÔããªÀ ¶ã ‡ãŠñÊ¾ãã½ãìßñ ¼ããÀ¦ã ÔãÀ‡ãŠãÀ´ãÀñ

¹ãì¤ñ ªñ¥¾ãã¦ã ¾ãñ¥ããÅ ¾ãã ‚ã¶ãìªã¶ããÌãÀ ¹ãÆãä¦ã‡ãŠìÊã ¹ããäÀ¥ãã½ã ¢ããÊãã. ÌããÔ¦ããäÌã‡ãŠ ŒãÞããÃ¹ãñàãã •ããÔ¦ã ãä¶ããä£ãÞãñ

ªãÌãñ ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ãã¦ã ‚ããÊãñ. Àã•¾ã ÍããÔã¶ãã´ãÀñ ¼ããÀ¦ã ÔãÀ‡ãŠãÀÊãã ‡ãŠßãäÌã¥¾ãã¦ã ‚ããÊãñÊããè ‡ãŠã½ããâÞããè ãäÔ©ã¦ããè

ÌããÔ¦ããäÌã‡ãŠ ¶ãÌÖ¦ããè. ‡ãŠã½ã ¹ãî¥ãÃ¦ãñÔããŸãè ãäÌããä¶ããäªÃÓ› ½ãìª¦ããèÞãñ ¹ããÊã¶ã ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ãã¦ã ‚ããÊãñ ¶ããÖãè ‚ãããä¥ã

‡ãŠã½ããâÞ¾ãã ½ãâ•ãîÀ Ì¾ãã¹¦ããè¦ã ºãªÊã ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ãã¦ã ‚ããÊãñ. ‡ãŠã½ããâÞ¾ãã ãä¶ã‡ãŠðÓ› ¹ãÆ¦ããèÞ¾ãã ãä¶ãÓ¹ããª¶ããÞããè ‚ãããä¥ã

ãäÌããäÖ¦ã Øãì¥ã ãä¶ã¾ãâ¨ã¥ã ÞããÞã¥ããè ¶ã ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ããÞããè ¹ãÆ‡ãŠÀ¥ãñ ‚ãã¤ßÊããè. ‡ãŠã½ããâÞ¾ãã ¹ãÆØã¦ããèÌãÀ Ôãâãä¶ã¾ãâ¨ã¥ã

‚ã¹ã¾ããÃ¹¦ã Öãñ¦ãñ. ½ãìŒ¾ã ãä¶ãÓ‡ãŠÓãÃ ŒããÊããè Ÿß‡ãŠ¹ã¥ãñ ªÍãÃãäÌãÊããè ‚ããÖñ¦ã.

Ÿß‡ãŠ ÌãõãäÍãÓ›¼ãñ

1981-2001 Þ»ãã ºããØãÀ ãäÌã‡ãŠãÔã »ããñ•ãµãñ¦ã ‚ãâ¦ã¹ãîÀ¦ã ‚ãÔãÊãñÊ»ãã 2.70 Êãàã ãä‡ãŠ.ºããè. ½Ô¦ãã Êããâ¸ããè

¸ããâ£ã‡ãŠãºããÞ»ãã Êãà»ãã ãäÌã¿® ºããÞãÀ 2012 ·ã»ãÀâ¦ã 32 ÌãÓããÀâÞãã ‡ãŠãÊããÌã£ããè Êããñ›Ê»ããµãâ¦ã½Öãè 2.43

Êãàã ãä‡ãŠ.ºããè. †Ìã¤ñ Êãà»ã Ôãã£»ã Öãñ„Š Íã‡ãŠÊãñ. àãñãä¨ã»ã ‡ãŠã»ããÀÊã»ããâµããè ãäµãÓ·ããªµããÔããŸãè ·ãÃÔ¦ãããäÌã¦ã

‡ãŠñÊãñÊãã Ìã ‡ãŠñâªÃãè»ã ºããØãÀ ãäµããä£ã ‚ãâ¦ãØãÀ¦ã ºãâ•ãì½ãèÔããŸãè ¹ãã½¦ã Ôã½‡ãŠã½‡ãŠ¡ñ ·ããŸãäÌãÊãñÊãã, ½Ô¦ãñ

¸ããâ£ã‡ãŠãºããâÞãã ‚ãØãÃ‡ãÃŠºã ºãÖã½ãÓ›È ÍããÔãµãã´ã½ñ Ìãã½âÌãã½ ¸ãªÊã¥»ãã¦ã ‚ããÊãã.

(·ããä½Þœñª 2.1.6.1 ‚ãããä¥ã 2.1.6.2)

¦ãñ½ãÌ»ãã ãäÌã§ã ‚ãã»ããñØãã ‚ãâ¦ãØãÀ¦ã ·ãîÌããèÀ ·ãÃªãµã ‡ãŠ½¥»ãã¦ã ‚ããÊãñÊ»ãã ‚ãµãìªãµããÞãñ „·ã»ããñ•ãµã

·ãÃºãã¥ã·ã¨ã ÌãñßñÌã½ µã Ôããª½ ‡ãŠ½¥»ãã¦ã ‚ããÊ»ããºãìßñ ¹ãã½¦ã Ôã½‡ãŠã½´ã½ñ ªñ¥»ãã¦ã »ãñ¥ãã½ñ µãâ¦ã½Þãñ

‚ãµãìªãµã ·ãÃ¹ãããäÌã¦ã ¢ããÊãñ. ÞããÞã¥ããè ¦ã·ããÔã¥ããè ‡ãŠñÊãñÊ»ãã 20 ãäÌã¹ããØããâ¦ã ½ã•»ã ÍããÔãµããµãñ ‡ãŠñâªÃãè»ã

ºããØãÀ ãäµããä£ã ‚ãâ¦ãØãÀ¦ã 55 ‡ãŠãºããâÌã½ ` 208.34 ‡ãŠãñ›ãèÞãã ŒãÞãÀ ‡ãŠñÊãã ·ã½â¦ãì ` 235.11 ‡ãŠãñ›ãè

½‡ã‹‡ãŠºãñÞãñ „·ã»ããñ•ãµã ·ãÃºãã¥ã·ã¨ã ªñ¥»ãã¦ã ‚ããÊãñ. ·ããä½¥ããºããè, ¹ãã½¦ã Ôã½‡ãŠã½‡ãŠ¡îµã ` 26.77

‡ãŠãñ›ãè ½‡ã‹‡ãŠºãñÞ»ãã ãäµããä£ãÞãñ •ããªã ªãÌãñ ‡ãŠ½¥»ãã¦ã ‚ããÊãñ.

(·ããä½Þœñª 2.1.6.3 ‚ãããä¥ã 2.1.7.2)

ãäªµããâ‡ãŠ 31 ºããÞãÀ 2013 ½ãñ•ããè Ôãâ·ãËñÊ»ãã ÌãÓããÀÞãã ‚ãÖÌããË ‡ãÃŠ.5 (‚ãããä©ãÀ‡ãŠ àãñ¨ã)

10

½ã•»ã ÍããÔãµãã´ã½ñ ¹ãã½¦ã Ôã½‡ãŠã½Êãã ‡ãŠßãäÌã¥»ãã¦ã ‚ããÊãñÊ»ãã ‡ãŠñâªÃãè»ã ºããØãÀ ãäµããä£ã¦ãîµã ‡ãŠ½¥»ãã¦ã

‚ããÊãñÊ»ãã ‡ãŠãºããâÞããè ãäÔ©ã¦ããè ÌããÔ¦ããäÌã‡ãŠ µãÌÖ¦ããè. ½ã•»ã ÍããÔãµãã´ã½ñ ` 10.80 ‡ãŠãñ›ãè ãä‡ãŠâºã¦ããèÌã½

ºãâ•ãî½ ‡ãŠ½¥»ãã¦ã ‚ããÊãñÊ»ãã ¦ããèµã ‡ãŠãºããâÞãñ ·ãî¥ãÀ¦ãã ·ãÃºãã¥ã·ã¨ã ¹ãã½¦ã Ôã½‡ãŠã½Êãã Ôããª½ ‡ãŠ½¥»ãã¦ã

‚ããÊãñ, Öãè ‡ãŠãºãñ ÊãñŒãã·ã½ãèàãñ´ã½ã Üãñ¥»ãã¦ã ‚ããÊãñÊ»ãã ·ãÃ¦»ãàã ·ã¡¦ããß¥ããè¦ã ‚ã·ãî¥ãÀ ‚ãÔãÊ»ããÞãñ

ãäªÔãîµã ‚ããÊãñ.

(·ããä½Þœñª 2.1.8.3)

‡ãŠâ¨ãã›ªã½ã ´ã½ñ ·ãÃã·¦ã ‡ãŠ½¥»ãã¦ã ‚ããÊãñÊ»ãã Ìã ãäµã½ãäµã½ãß»ãã ½Ô¦ãã Ôãì£ãã½¥ãã ‡ãŠãºããÔããŸãè

„·ã»ããñØãã¦ã ‚ãã¥ãÊãñÊ»ãã ·ãìâ•ã ãä¸ã›ìºãµãÞ»ãã ªãÌ»ããâÌã½ ‡ãŠã»ããÀµÌã»ãµã ·ãÃããä£ã‡ãŠ½¥ããâµããè ·ã»ããÀ·¦ã

ãäµã»ãâ¨ã¥ã ŸñÌãÊãñ µããÖãè. ‡ãŠâ¨ãã›ªã½ã ´ã½ñ ºãñÔãÔã Ã ãäÖâªìÔ©ããµã ·ãñ›ÈãñãäÊã»ãºã ‡ãŠãù·ããñÀ½ñÍãµã ãäÊããäºã›ñ¡

‡ãŠ¡îµã ·ãÃã·¦ã ‡ãŠñÊ»ãã ØãñÊãñ ‚ãÔãã ªãÌãã ‡ãŠ½¥»ãã¦ã ‚ããÊãñÊ»ãã Ìã 18 ‡ãŠãºããâÌã½ Ìãã·ã½¥»ãã¦ã ‚ããÊãñ ‚ãÔãñ

·ãÃ¹ãã½ãè ‚ããä¹ã»ãâ¦»ãã ‡ãŠ¡îµã ·ãÃºãããä¥ã¦ã ‚ãÔãÊãñÊ»ãã ` 6.38 ‡ãŠãñ›ãè ãä‡ãŠâºã¦ããèÞãñ 1,603.92 ºãñ.›µã

ãä¸ã›ìºãµã Ôãâ¸ãâ£ããèÞãñ ¸ããè•ã‡ãŠñ µãâ¦ã½ ¸ãµããÌã›ãè ‚ãÔãÊ»ããÞãñ ‚ãã¤ßÊãñ.

(·ããä½Þœñª 2.1.8.5)

ãäµã‡ãŠðÓ› ·ãÃ¦ããèÞããè Ìã Øãì¥ã ãäµã»ãâ¨ã¥ã ÞããÞã¥ããè µã ‡ãŠ½¦ãã ‡ãŠãºãñ ãäµãÓ·ãããäª¦ã ‡ãŠ½¥»ãã¦ã ‚ããÊ»ããÞããè

·ãÃ‡ãŠ½¥ãñ ‚ãã¤ßÊããè. ½ã•»ã ÍããÔãµãã´ã½ñ ‡ãŠãºããâÞãñ ãäµã»ãâ¨ã¥ã ‡ãŠºã‡ãŠìÌã¦ã Öãñ¦ãñ.

(·ããä½Þœñª 2.1.8.6, 2.1.10 ‚ãããä¥ã 2.1.11)

2.1.1 ¹ãÆÔ¦ããÌã¶ãã

½ãÖãÀãÓ›È ÍããÔã¶ããÞãñ ÔããÌãÃ•ããä¶ã‡ãŠ ºããâ£ã‡ãŠã½ã ãäÌã¼ããØã (Ôãã.ºããâ.ãäÌã.) Öñ ÀÔ¦ãñ, ¹ãîÊã ‚ãããä¥ã ƒ½ããÀ¦ããè

¾ããâÞãñ ºããâ£ã‡ãŠã½ã ‚ãããä¥ã ¹ããäÀÀàãã ¾ãã‡ãŠãäÀ¦ãã •ãºããºãªãÀ ‚ããÖñ. ½ãÖãÀãÓ›È Àã•¾ãã¦ããèÊã ÀÔ¦¾ããâÞãã

ãäÌã‡ãŠãÔã ½ããØãÃ-ãäÌã‡ãŠãÔã ¾ããñ•ã¶ãñ ¶ãìÔããÀ ‡ãŠñÊ¾ãã •ãã¦ã ‚ããÖñ. Àã•¾ãã¦ããèÊã ÀÔ¦ãñ ‚ãããä¥ã ¹ãîÊã ¾ããâÞãã

ãäÌã‡ãŠãÔã Ìã ¹ããäÀÀàãã ¾ãã‡ãŠãäÀ¦ãã ¼ããÀ¦ã ÔãÀ‡ãŠãÀ, ‡ãŠñâªÆãè¾ã ½ããØãÃ ãä¶ããä£ã, ÀãÓ›Èãè¾ã ‡ãŠðãäÓã †Ìã½ãá ØãÆã½ããè¥ã

ãäÌã‡ãŠãÔã ºãú‡ãŠ (¶ããºãã¡Ã) ‚ãããä¥ã ¦ãñÀãÌãñ ãäÌã§ã ‚ãã¾ããñØã ¾ãã¦ãî¶ã ‚ãããä©ãÃ‡ãŠ ÔãÖã¾¾ã ªñ¦ãñ.

¼ããÀ¦ã ÔãÀ‡ãŠãÀ¶ãñ ÀÔ¦¾ããâÞ¾ãã ãäÌã‡ãŠãÔãã‡ãŠãäÀ¦ãã ãä¡¢ãñÊã Ìã ¹ãñ›ÈãñÊã ÌãÀ ` 1 ¹ãÆãä¦ã Êããè›À „¹ã‡ãŠÀ

‚ãã‡ãŠãÀŠ¶ã ‡ãŠñâªÆãè¾ã ãä¶ããä£ã „¼ããÀ¥¾ãã‡ãŠãäÀ¦ãã ‡ãŠñâªÆãè¾ã ½ããØãÃ ãä¶ããä£ã ‚ããä£ããä¶ã¾ã½ã, 2000 ‚ããä£ããä¶ã¾ããä½ã¦ã

‡ãŠñÊãñ (ãä¡ÔãñâºãÀ 2000). ‡ãŠñâªÆãè¾ã ½ããØãÃ ãä¶ããä£ã (Àã•¾ã ½ããØãÃ) ãä¶ã¾ã½ã, 2007 (‡ãŠñ.½ãã. ãä¶ã. ‚ããä£ããä¶ã¾ã½ã,

2007) ¹ãÆ½ãã¥ãñ ãä¶ããä£ã ½ããØãÃ ¹ããäÀÌãÖ¶ã ‚ãããä¥ã ÀãÓ›Èãè¾ã ½ãÖã½ããØãÃ ½ãâ¨ããÊã¾ã (MoRTH), ¼ããÀ¦ã ÔãÀ‡ãŠãÀ

¾ããâÞãñ ‡ãŠ¡ñ, ØãÆã½ããè¥ã ÀÔ¦ãñ ÌãØãßî¶ã Àã•¾ã ½ããØããÃÞãã ãäÌã‡ãŠãÔã Ìã ¹ããäÀÀàãã ¾ããÔããŸãè ŸñÌãÊãã ¹ãããäÖ•ãñ.

ãäÌã§ã ½ãâ¨ããÊã¾ã, ¼ããÀ¦ã ÔãÀ‡ãŠãÀ¶ãñ ¦ãñÀãÌ¾ãã ãäÌã§ã ‚ãã¾ããñØããÞ¾ãã (¹ãÆªã¶ã ‡ãŠãß 2011-15) ãäÍã¹ãŠãÀÔããè

ÔãâÔãîãäÞã¦ã ‡ãŠñÊ¾ãã (½ããÞãÃ ‚ãããä¥ã †ãä¹ãÆÊã 2011). ¾ãã ãäÍã¹ãŠãÀÔããèâ ½ã£¾ãñ ƒ¦ãÀ ØããñÓ›ãèâºãÀãñºãÀ, Àã•¾ã

ÍããÔã¶ããâ¶ãã, ÀÔ¦ãñ ‚ãããä¥ã ¹ãîÊã ¾ããâÞ¾ãã ¹ããäÀÀàãñÔããŸãè ‚ãããä¥ã ÔãìªîÀ àãñ¨ãã¦ããèÊã ØããÌãñ •ããñ¡¥¾ããÔããŸãè

ÀÔ¦¾ããâÞ¾ãã ãäÌã‡ãŠãÔããÔããŸãè ÔãÖã¾¾ã‡ãŠ ‚ã¶ãìªã¶ã ªñ¥¾ããÞãã Ôã½ããÌãñÍã Öãñ¦ãã.

¼ããÀ¦ã ÔãÀ‡ãŠãÀ¶ãñ ÀãÓ›Èãè¾ã ‡ãŠðãäÓã †Ìã½ãá ØãÆã½ããè¥ã ãäÌã‡ãŠãÔã ºãú‡ãŠñ¦ã (¶ããºãã¡Ã) ØãÆã½ããè¥ã àãñ¨ãã¦ããèÊã ¹ãã¾ãã¼ãî¦ã

ÔãìãäÌã£ããâÞ¾ãã ãäÌã‡ãŠãÔããÔããŸãè ØãÆã½ããè¥ã ¹ãã¾ãã¼ãî¦ã ÔãìãäÌã£ãã ãäÌã‡ãŠãÔã ãä¶ããä£ãÞããè (ØãÆã.¹ãã.Ôãì.ãäÌã.ãä¶ã.)

ãä¶ããä½ãÃ¦ããè ‡ãŠñÊããè ‚ããÖñ (1995-96).

·ãÃ‡ãŠ½¥ã - II ‡ãŠã»ãÀãäÔã£ªãè ËñŒãã·ã½ãèàãã

11

2.1.2 ÔãâÜã›µãã¦ºã‡ãŠ Ôãâ½Þãµãã

ÔããÌãÃ•ããä¶ã‡ãŠ ºããâ£ã‡ãŠã½ã ãäÌã¼ããØããÞããè ‡ãŠã½ãñ ½ãâ¨ããÊã¾ã Ô¦ãÀãÌãÀ ÔããäÞãÌã (½ããØãÃ) ‚ãããä¥ã ÔããäÞãÌã (ƒ½ããÀ¦ããè)

¾ããâÞãñ´ãÀñ ãä¶ã¾ãâãä¨ã¦ã ‡ãŠñÊããè •ãã¦ãã¦ã. ÔããÌãÃ•ããä¶ã‡ãŠ ºããâ£ã‡ãŠã½ã àãñ¨ãã¦ããèÊã ãäÌããäÌã£ã ‡ãŠã½ããâÞãñ ‡ãŠã¾ããÃ¶Ìã¾ã¶ã,

‚ããŸ

4

½ãìŒ¾ã ‚ããä¼ã¾ãâ¦¾ããâÞ¾ãã ¦ããâãä¨ã‡ãŠ ãä¶ã¾ãâ¨ã¥ããŒããÊããè ‡ãŠñÊ¾ãã •ãã¦ãñ. ½ãìŒ¾ã ‚ããä¼ã¾ãâ¦¾ããâ¶ãã,

½ãâ¡ßã¦ããèÊã ‡ãŠã½ããâÞããè Ì¾ãÌãÔ©ãã Ìã ãä¶ãÓ¹ããª¶ããÔããŸãè •ãºããºãªãÀ ‚ããÖñ¦ã ‚ãÔãñ, ½ãâ¡ßãâÞãñ 23 ¹ãÆ¼ããÀãè

‚ã£ããèàã‡ãŠ ‚ããä¼ã¾ãâ¦ãñ ÔãÖã¾¾ã ‡ãŠÀ¦ãã¦ã. ‚ã£ããèàã‡ãŠ ‚ããä¼ã¾ãâ¦¾ããâÞ¾ãã ‚ã£ããè¶ã ‚ãÔã¥ããÀñ ‡ãŠã¾ãÃ‡ãŠãÀãè

‚ããä¼ã¾ãâ¦ãñ ãäÌã¼ããØããâÞãñ ¹ãÆ¼ããÀãè ‚ãÔã¦ãã¦ã ‚ãããä¥ã ‡ãŠã½ããâÞ¾ãã ãä¶ãÓ¹ããª¶ããÔããŸãè •ãºããºãªãÀ ‚ãÔã¦ãã¦ã.

2.1.3 ÊãñŒãã·ã½ãèàã¥ããÞããè „ãäÓ›ñ

ÊãñŒãã¹ãÀãèàã¥ããÞããè „ãäÓ›ñ ŒããÊããèÊã ºããºããèâÞãñ ½ãîÊ¾ã¶ã ‡ãŠÀ¥ãñ Öãè Öãñ¦ããè:

ÀÔ¦¾ããÞããè ‡ãŠã½ãñ ¾ããºããºã¦ãÞ¾ãã ãä¶ã¾ããñ•ã¶ããÞ¾ãã ¹ãÆãä‡ãÆŠ¾ãñÞããè ¹ã¾ããÃ¹¦ã¦ãã Ìã ¹ããäÀ¥ãã½ã‡ãŠãÀ‡ãŠ¦ãã;

‚ã©ãÃÔãâ‡ãŠÊ¹ããè¾ã ‚ãâªã•ã Ìã ãäÌã§ããè¾ã Ì¾ãÌãÔ©ãã¹ã¶ããÞããè ¹ã¾ããÃ¹¦ã¦ãã Ìã ¹ããäÀ¥ãã½ã‡ãŠãÀ‡ãŠ¦ãã;

ÀÔ¦ãã ‡ãŠã½ãñ ãä¶ãÓ¹ããª¶ãã¦ããèÊã ‡ãŠã¾ãÃàã½ã¦ãã Ìã ãä½ã¦ãÌ¾ããä¾ã¦ãã; ‚ãããä¥ã

‡ãŠã½ããâÞãñ Ôãâãä¶ã¾ãâ¨ã¥ã Ìã ¦ã¹ããÔã¥ããè ¾ããºããºã¦ãÞããè ¹ã¾ããÃ¹¦ã¦ãã Ìã ¹ããäÀ¥ãã½ã‡ãŠãÀ‡ãŠ¦ãã.

2.1.4 ÊãñŒãã·ã½ãèàã¥ããÞããè ‡ãŠÔããñ›ãè

ÊãñŒãã¹ãÀãèàã¥ããÞ¾ãã ‡ãŠÔããñ›¿ãã ¹ãì¤ãèÊã ¹ãÆ½ãã¥ããÌãÀŠ¶ã ãä¶ã£ããÃãäÀ¦ã ‡ãŠñÊ¾ãã ØãñÊ¾ãã :

½ãÖãÀãÓ›È ÔããÌãÃ•ããä¶ã‡ãŠ ºããâ£ã‡ãŠã½ã ãä¶ã¾ã½ã¹ãìãäÔ¦ã‡ãŠã Ìã ½ãÖãÀãÓ›È ÔããÌãÃ•ããä¶ã‡ãŠ ºããâ£ã‡ãŠã½ã ÊãñŒãã

ÔãâãäÖ¦ãã;

ƒâãä¡¾ã¶ã Àãñ¡ ‡ãŠãúØãÆñÔã ãäÌããä¶ãªñÃÍã ‚ãããä¥ã ½ããØãÃ ¹ããäÀÌãÖ¶ã Ìã ÀãÓ›Èãè¾ã ½ãÖã½ããØãÃ ½ãâ¨ããÊã¾ãã¶ãñ ãäÌããäÖ¦ã

‡ãŠñÊãñÊãñ ãäÌããä¶ãªñÃÍã;

‡ãŠñâªÆãè¾ã ½ããØãÃ ãä¶ããä£ã ‚ããä£ããä¶ã¾ã½ã, 2000 ‚ãããä¥ã ‡ãŠñâªÆãè¾ã ½ããØãÃ ãä¶ããä£ã (Àã•¾ã ½ããØãÃ) ãä¶ã¾ã½ã, 2007;

¶ããºãã¡Ã ¾ããñ•ã¶ãñ ‚ãâ¦ãØãÃ¦ã ÀÔ¦ãñ Ìã ¹ãîÊã ¹ãÆ‡ãŠÊ¹ããâÔããŸãè ½ããØãÃªÍãÃ‡ãŠ ¦ã¦Ìãñ;

¦ãñÀãÌ¾ãã ãäÌã§ã ‚ãã¾ããñØãã¶ãñ ãäÍã¹ãŠãÀÔã ‡ãŠñÊ¾ãã¹ãÆ½ãã¥ãñ, ÀÔ¦ãñ Ìã ¹ãîÊã ¾ããâÞ¾ãã ¹ããäÀÀàãñÔããŸãè,

ÔãÖã¾¾ã‡ãŠ ‚ã¶ãìªã¶ã ªñ¥¾ããÔããŸãè Ìã ¦¾ããâÞ¾ãã Ìãã¹ãÀãÔããŸãè ½ããØãÃªÍãÃ‡ãŠ ¦ã¦Ìãñ; ‚ãããä¥ã

ÀÔ¦ãñ Ìã ¹ãîÊã ¾ããâÞ¾ãã ºããâ£ã‡ãŠã½ããÔããŸãè Ìã ¹ããäÀÀàãñÔããŸãè ¼ããÀ¦ã ÔãÀ‡ãŠãÀ Ìã ½ãÖãÀãÓ›È ÍããÔã¶ã

¾ããâ¶ããè ãä¶ãØãÃãä½ã¦ã ‡ãŠñÊãñÊãñ ‚ããªñÍã.

4‚ã½ãÀãÌã¦ããè, ‚ããõÀâØããºããª, ‡ãŠãñ‡ãŠ¥ã, ½ãâìºãƒÃ, ¶ããØã¹ãîÀ, ¶ãããäÍã‡ãŠ, ¶ãÌããè ½ãâìºãƒÃ ‚ãããä¥ã ¹ãì¥ãñ.


12

2.1.5 ÊãñŒãã·ã½ãèàã¥ããÞããè Ì»ãããä·¦ã ‚ãããä¥ã ‡ãŠã»ãÀ·ã®¦ããè

‚ããä¼ãÊãñŒ¾ããâÞããè œã¶ã¶ããè ½ããÞãÃ 2013 ¦ãñ •ãìÊãõ 2013 ¾ãã ‡ãŠãÊããÌã£ããè¦ã ÔããäÞãÌã (½ããØãÃ), ÔããÌãÃ•ããä¶ã‡ãŠ

ºããâ£ã‡ãŠã½ã ãäÌã¼ããØã ¾ããâÞ¾ãã ‡ãŠã¾ããÃÊã¾ãã¦ã ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ãã¦ã ‚ããÊããè. ‚ããŸ ¹ãõ‡ãŠãè ÔãÖã

5

½ãìŒ¾ã ‚ããä¼ã¾ãâ¦ãñ,

‚ã£ããèàã‡ãŠ ‚ããä¼ã¾ãâ¦ãã, Øãì¥ã ãä¶ã¾ãâ¨ã¥ã ¶ããØã¹ãîÀ ¾ããâÞãñ ÔãÖ ¦ãñÌããèÔã ‚ã£ããèàã‡ãŠ ‚ããä¼ã¾ãâ¦¾ããâ ¹ãõ‡ãŠãè ÔãÖã

6

‚ã£ããèàã‡ãŠ ‚ããä¼ã¾ãâ¦ãñ ‚ãããä¥ã 29

7

‡ãŠã¾ãÃ‡ãŠãÀãè ‚ããä¼ã¾ãâ¦ãñ ¾ããªðãäÞœ‡ãŠ ¶ã½ãì¶ãã ¹ã®¦ããè¶ãñ ãä¶ãÌã¡Ê¾ãã ØãñÊãñ.

‡ãŠã¾ãÃãäÔã®ãè ÊãñŒãã¹ãÀãèàã¥ã ‡ãŠÀ¦ããâ¶ãã ‡ãŠñâªÆãè¾ã ½ããØãÃ ãä¶ããä£ã, ¦ãñÀãÌ¾ãã ãäÌã§ã ‚ãã¾ããñØãã´ãÀñ ‚ãããä©ãÃ‡ãŠ

ÔãÖã¾¾ã ‡ãŠñÊãñÊãñ ‚ãããä¥ã ÀãÓ›Èãè¾ã ‡ãŠðãäÓã †Ìã½ãá ØãÆã½ããè¥ã ãäÌã‡ãŠãÔã ºãú‡ãŠ (¶ããºãã¡Ã) ‡ãŠ¡î¶ã ØãÆã½ããè¥ã ¹ãã¾ãã¼ãî¦ã

ÔãìãäÌã£ãã ãäÌã‡ãŠãÔã ãä¶ããä£ã ‡ãŠã¾ãÃ‡ãÆŠ½ããâ¦ãØãÃ¦ã ‡ãŠ•ãÃ Üãñ„Š¶ã, 2008-13 ¾ãã ‡ãŠãÊããÌã£ããè¦ã ºããâ£ãÊãñÊãñ, Ñãñ¥ããèÌãã¤

‡ãŠñÊãñÊãñ, Ôãì£ããÀÊãñÊãñ ‚ãããä¥ã ¹ããäÀÀàãã ‡ãŠñÊãñÊãñ ÀÔ¦ãñ ‚ãããä¥ã ¹ãîÊã ¾ããâÞãã ¦ã‡ã‹¦ãã 1 ½ã£¾ãñ ªÍãÃãäÌãÊ¾ãã

¹ãÆ½ãã¥ãñ, ÊãñŒãã¹ãÀãèàã¥ãã¦ã Ôã½ããÌãñÍã ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ãã¦ã ‚ããÊãã.

¦ã‡ã‹¦ãã - 1 ½ã•»ãã¦ã ‚ãããä¥ã ãäµãÌã¡ÊãñÊ»ãã ÔãÖã ºãâ¡ßãâ´ã½ñ ºãâ•ãî½ ‡ãŠñÊãñÊ»ãã Ìã •»ããâÞããè ÊãñŒãã·ã½ãèàãã

¦ã¹ããÔã¥ããèÔããŸãè ãäµãÌã¡ ¢ããÊããè ‚ããÖñ ‚ãÍãã ‡ãŠãºããâÞããè ÔãâŒ»ãã Ìã ºãîÊ»ã

(Ô¨ããñ¦ã : ãäÌã¼ããØãã¶ãñ ÔããªÀ ‡ãŠñÊãñÊããè ‚ãã‡ãŠ¡ñÌããÀãè)

ÀãÓ›Èãè¾ã ‡ãŠðãäÓã †Ìã½ãá ØãÆã½ããè¥ã ãäÌã‡ãŠãÔã ºãú‡ãŠ (¶ããºãã¡Ã) Þããè ‡ãŠã½ãñ ¾ããªðãäÞœ‡ãŠ ¶ã½ãî¶ãã ¹ã®¦ããè¶ãñ ãä¶ãÌã¡Ê¾ãã

ØãñÊããè. ÔããäÞãÌã (½ããØãÃ), ÔããÌãÃ•ããä¶ã‡ãŠ ºããâ£ã‡ãŠã½ã ãäÌã¼ããØã ¾ããâÞãñºãÀãñºãÀ ãäª¶ããâ‡ãŠ 26 †ãä¹ãÆÊã 2013 Àãñ•ããè

¹ãÆÌãñÍã ¹ããäÀÓãª Þãñ ‚ãã¾ããñ•ã¶ã ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ãã¦ã ‚ããÊãñ Öãñ¦ãñ •¾ãã½ã£¾ãñ ÊãñŒãã¹ãÀãèàã¥ããÞããè „ãäÓ›ñ ‚ãããä¥ã

‡ãŠÔããñ›ãè ¾ããÌãÀ ÞãÞããÃ ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ãã¦ã ‚ããÊããè. ÔããäÞãÌã (½ããØãÃ), ÔããÌãÃ•ããä¶ã‡ãŠ ºããâ£ã‡ãŠã½ã ãäÌã¼ããØã ¾ããâÞãñ ºãÀãñºãÀ

ãäª¶ããâ‡ãŠ 28 ‚ããù‡ã‹›ãñºãÀ 2013 Àãñ•ããè ãä¶ãØãÃ½ã¶ã ¹ããäÀÓãªñÞãñ ‚ãã¾ããñ•ã¶ã ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ãã¦ã ‚ããÊãñ •¾ãã½ã£¾ãñ

ÊãñŒãã¹ãÀãèàã¥ããÞ¾ãã ãä¶ãÓ‡ãŠÓããÃâÌãÀ ÞãÞããÃ ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ãã¦ã ‚ããÊããè. ãä¶ãØãÃ½ã¶ã ¹ããäÀÓãªñ ªÀ½¾ãã¶ã ÔããäÞãÌã (½ããØãÃ),

ÔããÌãÃ•ããä¶ã‡ãŠ ºããâ£ã‡ãŠã½ã ãäÌã¼ããØã ¾ããâ¶ããè ÔããªÀ ‡ãŠñÊãñÊããè „§ãÀñ ‚ãããä¥ã ½ãããäÖ¦ããè ‚ãÖÌããÊãã¦ã ¾ããñØ¾ã

ãäŸ‡ãŠã¥ããè Ôã½ãããäÌãÓ› ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ãã¦ã ‚ããÊããè.

ÊãñŒãã·ã½ãèàã¥ããÞãñ ãäµãÓ‡ãŠÓãÀ

2.1.6 ãäµã»ããñ•ãµã

¾ããñØ¾ã ãä¶ã¾ããñ•ã¶ãã¦ã ãäÌããäÌã£ã ªðãäÓ›‡ãŠãñ¶ãã¦ãî¶ã ãäÌãÞããÀ ‡ãŠñÊãã •ãã¦ããñ ‚ãããä¥ã ¦¾ãã½ãìßñ ¹ãÆãä‡ãÆŠ¾ãñ¦ããèÊã Ôãâ¼ããÌ¾ã

Ôã½ãÔ¾ãã •ãã¥ã¥¾ãã‡ãŠÀãè¦ãã ½ãª¦ã Öãñ¦ãñ. Ôãì›ÊãñÊ¾ãã ÀÔ¦¾ããâÞããè •ããñ¡¥ããè, ØããÌãñ Ìã ÔãìªîÀ àãñ¨ãñ ¾ããâÞãñÍããè

ÀÔ¦ãñ•ããñ¡¥ããè Ìãã¤ãäÌã¥ãñ ‚ãããä¥ã ÍããÔ¨ãÍãì® ¹ã®¦ããè¶ãñ ÀÔ¦ãñ ºããâ£ã¥ãñ Ôãì‡ãŠÀ Öãñ¥ãñ ¾ãã ØããñÓ›ãèÞãã Ôã½ããÌãñÍã

5‚ã½ãÀãÌã¦ããè, ‚ããõÀâØããºããª, ½ãìâºãƒÃ, ¶ããØã¹ãîÀ, ¶ãããäÍã‡ãŠ ‚ãããä¥ã ¹ãì¥ãñ

6¶ããØã¹ãîÀ, ¶ããâªñ¡, ¶ãããäÍã‡ãŠ, „Ô½ãã¶ããºããª, ÔããñÊãã¹ãîÀ Ìã ¾ãÌã¦ã½ããß

7‚ã‡ãŠÊãî•ã, ‚ãâºãã•ããñØããƒÃ, ºããè¡, ¼ãâ¡ãÀã, ¼ããñ‡ãŠÀ, Øããñâãäª¾ãã, ãäÖââØããñÊããè, ‡ãŠßÌã¥ã, Êãã¦ãîÀ, ½ããÊãñØããÌã, ¶ããØã¹ãîÀ (ÞããÀ ãäÌã¼ããØã), ¶ãããäÍã‡ãŠ (¦ããè¶ã

ãäÌã¼ããØã), ¶ããâªñ¡, ãä¶ãÊãâØãã, ¹ãìÔãª, ¹ããâ¤À‡ãŠÌã¡ã, ¹ãâ¤À¹ãîÀ, ¹ãÀ¼ã¥ããè, „Ô½ãã¶ããºããª (ªãñ¶ã ãäÌã¼ããØã), ÔããñÊãã¹ãîÀ (ªãñ¶ã ãäÌã¼ããØã) ‚ãããä¥ã

¾ãÌã¦ã½ããß (ªãñ¶ã ãäÌã¼ããØã)

ãä¶ããä£ãÞãã Ô¨ããñ¦ã ½ã•»ãã¦ã ºãâ•ãî½ ¢ããÊãñÊããè

‡ãŠãºãñ

ãä¶ãÌã¡ÊãñÊ¾ãã ÔãÖã ½ãâ¡ßãâ¦ã

ºãâ•ãî½ ¢ããÊãñÊããè ‡ãŠãºãñ

ÊãñŒãã·ã½ãèàãã ¦ã¹ããÔã¥ããèÔããŸãè

ãäµãÌã¡ÊãñÊããè (‡ãŠãºãñ)

ãä¶ãÌã¡ãèÞããè

›‡ã‹‡ãŠñÌãã½ãè

ÔãâŒ»ãã ` ‡ãŠãñ›ãè¦ã ÔãâŒ»ãã ` ‡ãŠãñ›ãè¦ã ÔãâŒ»ãã ` ‡ãŠãñ›ãè¦ã

‡ãŠñ.½ãã.ãä¶ã. 237 1,263.59 119 688.74 119 688.74 100

ãäÌã.‚ãã.XIII 983 1,023.28 306 317.32 306 317.32 100

¶ããºãã¡Ã 3,804 3,260.97 1,021 717.95 103 130.50 10


13

‚ãÔã¥ããÅ ¾ãã †‡ãŠã Ì¾ãã¹ã‡ãŠ ½ããØãÃ ãä¶ã¾ããñ•ã¶ããÞããè ‚ããÌãÍ¾ã‡ãŠ¦ãã Öãñ¦ããè. ãä¶ã¾ããñ•ã¶ããÞ¾ãã ¹ãÆãä‡ãÆŠ¾ãñÞ¾ãã

ÊãñŒãã¹ãÀãèàãã œã¶ã¶ããè¦ã ¹ãì¤ãèÊã ºããºããè „Üã¡‡ãŠãèÔã ‚ããÊ¾ãã :

2.1.6.1 ºããØãÀ ãäÌã‡ãŠãÔã »ããñ•ãµãã

½ãÖãÀãÓ›È Àã•¾ãã‡ãŠãäÀ¦ãã 1981-2001 ¾ãã ‡ãŠãÊããÌã£ããèÔããŸãè ½ããØãÃ ãäÌã‡ãŠãÔã ¾ããñ•ã¶ãã (½ãã.ãäÌã.¾ããñ.)

Ôã¹›ñâºãÀ 1986 ½ã£¾ãñ ½ãâ•ãîÀ ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ãã¦ã ‚ããÊããè ‚ãããä¥ã ãä¡ÔãâñºãÀ 1997 ½ã£¾ãñ ¦ããè Ôãì£ãããäÀ¦ã ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ãã¦ã

‚ããÊããè. ½ããØãÃ ãäÌã‡ãŠãÔã ¾ããñ•ã¶ãñÞããè ½ãÖ¦ÌããÞããè „ãäÓ›ñ ¹ãì¤ãèÊã ¹ãÆ½ãã¥ãñ Öãñ¦ããè :

ãä•ãÊÖã ½ãìŒ¾ããÊã¾ãñ, „¹ããäÌã¼ããØããè¾ã ½ãìŒ¾ããÊã¾ãñ, ½ãìŒ¾ã ‚ããõ²ããñãäØã‡ãŠ ‡ãŠñâªÆñ ƒ¦¾ãããäªâÞ¾ãã

„¹ã¾ããñØãã‡ãŠãäÀ¦ãã Àã•¾ã ½ãÖã½ããØããÃâÞãã ãäÌãÔ¦ããÀ;

1500 ‚ãããä¥ã ¦¾ãã¹ãñàãã •ããÔ¦ã Êããñ‡ãŠÔãâŒ¾ãã ‚ãÔã¥ããÀãè ØããÌãñ ‚ãããä¥ã ¶ãØãÀñ ½ãìŒ¾ã ãä•ãÊÖã ½ããØããÃâ¶ãã

•ããñ¡¥ãñ;

1000-1500 ¾ãã ½ã¾ããÃªñ¦ã Êããñ‡ãŠÔãâŒ¾ãã ‚ãÔã¥ããÀãè ØããÌãñ ƒ¦ãÀ ãä•ãÊÖã ½ããØããÃâ¶ãã •ããñ¡¥ãñ; ‚ãããä¥ã

100 Þ¾ãã ÌãÀ Êããñ‡ãŠÔãâŒ¾ãã ‚ãÔã¥ããÀãè ØããÌãñ ‡ãŠ½ããè¦ã ‡ãŠ½ããè †‡ãŠã ÔãÌãÃ ÖÌãã½ãã¶ãã¦ã ÔãìÀŠ ‚ãÔã¥ããÅ ¾ãã

ÀÔ¦¾ãã¶ãñ •ããñ¡¥ãñ.

Êãà»ã ‚ãããä¥ã Ôãã£»ã

½ããØãÃ ãäÌã‡ãŠãÔã ¾ããñ•ã¶ãñ ‚ãâ¦ãØãÃ¦ã (1981-2001) ½ãÖãÀãÓ›È ÍããÔã¶ãã¶ãñ 1981 ¦ãñ 2001 ¾ãã ‡ãŠãÊããÌã£ããè¦ã

2,70,010 ãä‡ãŠ.½ããè. ÊããâºããèÞãñ ÀÔ¦ãñ ºããâ£ã¥¾ããÞãñ Êãà¾ã ŸñÌãÊãñ Öãñ¦ãñ. ¹ãÀâ¦ãì ãäÌã¼ããØãã¶ãñ 1981-2001 Þ¾ãã

½ããØãÃ ãäÌã‡ãŠãÔã ¾ããñ•ã¶ãñ ¹ãÆ½ãã¥ãñ ÀÔ¦¾ããÞ¾ãã ÊããâºããèÞãñ Êãà¾ã Ôãã£¾ã ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ãã‡ãŠãäÀ¦ãã ÌãããäÓãÃ‡ãŠ Êãà¾ã

ãä¶ã£ããÃãäÀ¦ã ‡ãŠñÊãñ ¶ãÌÖ¦ãñ Ìãã ÌãããäÓãÃ‡ãŠ ¾ããñ•ã¶ãã ¦ã¾ããÀ ‡ãŠñÊããè ¶ãÌÖ¦ããè. ½ããÞãÃ 2008 ¹ã¾ãÃâ¦ã Ôãã£¾ã ¹ãŠ‡ã‹¦ã

2,35,595 ãä‡ãŠ.½ããè. Öãñ¦ãñ (87 ›‡ã‹‡ãŠñ) ‚ãããä¥ã ½ããÞãÃ 2012

8

¹ã¾ãÃâ¦ã 32 ÌãÓããÃâÞ¾ãã ‡ãŠã¾ããÃ¶Ìã¾ã¶ãã ¶ãâ¦ãÀ

Ôãì®ã ¹ãŠ‡ã‹¦ã 2,42,919 ãä‡ãŠ.½ããè. (90 ›‡ã‹‡ãŠñ) ÊããâºããèÞãñ ÀÔ¦ãñ ºããâ£ã¥¾ããÞãñ ‡ãŠã½ã Öãñ„Š Íã‡ãŠÊãñ •¾ããÞãã

¦ã¹ãÍããèÊã ¹ãì¤ãèÊã ¦ã‡ã‹¦ãã 2 ½ã£¾ãñ ªÍãÃãäÌãÊãã ‚ããÖñ. ¹ãì¤ãèÊã 20 ÌãÓããÃÞããè ½Ö¥ã•ãñ 2001 ¦ãñ 2021 ÔããŸãè

Àã•¾ã ãäÌã‡ãŠãÔã ¾ããñ•ã¶ãã ¦ã¾ããÀ ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ãã‡ãŠãäÀ¦ãã ½ãÖãÀãÓ›È ÍããÔã¶ãã¶ãñ (½ããÞãÃ 2004) ‚ããªñÍã ãä¶ãØãÃãä½ã¦ã

‡ãŠñÊãñ ‚ãããä¥ã ¦¾ããÔã †ãä¹ãÆÊã 2012 ½ã£¾ãñ ½Ö¥ã•ãñÞã 1981-2001 Þ¾ãã ½ããØãÃ ãäÌã‡ãŠãÔã ¾ããñ•ã¶ãñ Þãã

‡ãŠãÊããÌã£ããè Ôãâ¹ãÊ¾ãã¶ãâ¦ãÀ 12 ÌãÓããÃ¶ãñ ½ãâ•ãìÀãè ¹ãÆªã¶ã ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ãã¦ã ‚ããÊããè.

¦ã‡ã‹¦ãã 2 : ºããØãÀ ãäÌã‡ãŠãÔã »ããñ•ãµãã - Êãà»ã ‚ãããä¥ã Ôãã£»ã

(ÔãâŒ»ãã ãä‡ãŠ.ºããè. ºã£»ãñ)

àãñ¨ã Êãà¾ã

(1981-2001)

½ããÞãÃ 2008 ¹ã¾ãÃâ¦ã Þãñ Ôãã£¾ã

(›‡ã‹‡ãŠñ)

„ÌãÀãä½¦ã ½Ô¦ãã

Êããâºããè (2008-12)

2008- 2012 ½ã£ããèÊã Ôãã£¾ã

(›‡ã‹‡ãŠñ)

‚ã½ãÀãÌã¦ããè 38,023 24,346(64) 13,677 492(04)

‚ããõÀâØããºããª 55,436 52,209(94) 3,227 1,528(47)

‡ãŠãñ‡ãŠ¥ã 27,655 24,938(90) 2,717 1,221(45)

¶ããØã¹ãîÀ 43,171 34,293(79) 8,878 2,618(29)

¶ãããäÍã‡ãŠ 50,637 46,987(93) 3,650 277(08)

¹ãì¥ãñ 55,088 52,822(96) 2,266 1,188(52)

†‡ãŠî¥ã 2,70,010 2,35,595(87) 34,415 7,324(21)

(Ô¨ããñ¦ã: Ëà¾ã ‚ãããä¥ã Ôãã£¾ã ¾ããÌãÀ ÔããÌãÃ•ããä¶ã‡ãŠ ºããâ£ã‡ãŠã½ã ãäÌã¼ããØã, ½ãÖãÀãÓ›È ÍããÔã¶ãã ´ãÀñ ¹ãÆ‡ãŠããäÍã¦ã ãä¶ãªñÍã ¹ãìãäÔ¦ã‡ãŠã)

8½ããÞãÃ 2013 ¹ã¾ãÃâ¦ãÞãñ ¦ã¹ãÍããèÊã ½ããØããäÌãÊ¾ãã¶ãâ¦ãÀÖãè ÊãñŒãã¹ãÀãèàãñÔã „¹ãÊãº£ã ‡ãŠÀŠ¶ã ªñ¥¾ãã¦ã ‚ããÊãñ ¶ããÖãè.


14

ÌãÀãèÊã ¦ã‡ã‹¦¾ããÌãÀŠ¶ã ‚ãÔãñÖãè ‚ãã¤ßÊãñ ‡ãŠãè 2008-12 ¾ãã ‡ãŠãÊããÌã£ããè¦ã 34,415 ãä‡ãŠ.½ããè.

9

¾ãã „ÌãÃãäÀ¦ã

½ããØãÃ Êããâºããè ãäÌãÂ® Ôãã£¾ã ¹ãŠ‡ã‹¦ã 7,324 ãä‡ãŠ.½ããè. (21 ›‡ã‹‡ãŠñ) Öãñ¦ãñ Ìã ¦¾ãã¦ã ‚ã½ãÀãÌã¦ããè ãäÌã¼ããØãã¦ããèÊã

Ôãã£¾ã ÔãÌããÃ¦ã ‡ãŠ½ããè (ÞããÀ ›‡ã‹‡ãŠñ) Öãñ¦ãñ.

2.1.6.2 ‡ãŠñâªÃãè»ã ºããØãÀ ãäµããä£ã ‡ãŠãºããâÞãñ ãäµã»ããñ•ãµã

‡ãŠñâªÆãè¾ã ½ããØãÃ ãä¶ããä£ã ãä¶ã¾ã½ã, 2007 Þ¾ãã ãä¶ã¾ã½ã 4 (3) ½ã£¾ãñ ‚ãÔãñ ãäÌããäÖ¦ã ‡ãŠñÊãñ ‚ããÖñ ‡ãŠãè ½ãÖãÀãÓ›È

ÍããÔã¶ã ‡ãŠã½ããâÞãã ÔãÌãÃ ¦ã¹ãÍããèÊã ¼ããÀ¦ã ÔãÀ‡ãŠãÀÊãã ÔããªÀ ‡ãŠÀñÊã •ãñ¥ãñ ‡ãŠÀŠ¶ã ‡ãŠñâªÆãè¾ã ½ããØãÃ ãä¶ããä£ã

½ã£ãî¶ã ‡ãŠÀãÌã¾ããÞããè ‡ãŠã½ãñ ãä¶ããäÍÞã¦ã ‡ãŠÀ¦ãã ¾ãñ¦ããèÊã Ìã ¦¾ããâÞãã ‚ãØãÆ‡ãÆŠ½ã ŸÀãäÌã¦ãã ¾ãñƒÃÊã. ¼ããÀ¦ã

ÔãÀ‡ãŠãÀ ¶ãñ ½ãÖãÀãÓ›È ÍããÔã¶ããÊãã ¦ããè¶ã ÌãÓããèÃ¾ã ¾ããñ•ã¶ãã (2008-11) ¦ã¾ããÀ ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ããÞãñ ‚ããªñÍã ãäªÊãñ

(•ãã¶ãñÌããÀãè 2008) Öãñ¦ãñ. ½ãÖãÀãÓ›È ÍããÔã¶ãã¶ãñ ÔãÌãÃ ¹ãÆãªñãäÍã‡ãŠ ‡ãŠã¾ããÃÊã¾ããâ¶ãã (‚ããŸ ½ãì.‚ã.) ãä•ãÊÖã

ãä¶ãÖã¾ã ¹ãÆ‡ãŠÊ¹ã ¹ãÆÔ¦ããÌã ãä¶ãÓ¹ããª¶ã ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ãã‡ãŠãäÀ¦ãã ‚ãØãÆ‡ãÆŠ½ãã¹ãÆ½ãã¥ãñ ÔããªÀ ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ããÞãñ ‚ããªñÍã ãäªÊãñ

Öãñ¦ãñ (†ãä¹ãÆÊã 2008). ½ãÖãÀãÓ›È ÍããÔã¶ãã¶ãñ 2008-11 ¾ãã ‡ãŠãÊããÌã£ããè ‡ãŠãäÀ¦ãã 427 ÀÔ¦¾ããâÞ¾ãã ‡ãŠã½ããâÞããè

` 1,635.09 ‡ãŠãñ›ãè ãä‡ãŠâ½ã¦ããèÞããè †‡ãŠ ¾ããñ•ã¶ãã (½ãñ 2008) ÔããªÀ ‡ãŠñÊããè. ¾ãã ¾ããñ•ã¶ãñ¦ã •¾ãã

‚ãØãÆ‡ãÆŠ½ãã¶ãñ ‡ãŠã½ãñ ãä¶ãÓ¹ããª¶ãã‡ãŠãäÀ¦ãã Ü¾ããÌã¾ããÞããè Öãñ¦ããè ¦ãñ ªÍãÃãäÌãÊãñ Öãñ¦ãñ.

ÊãñŒãã¹ãÀãèàãñÔã ‚ãÔãñ ‚ãã¤ßî¶ã ‚ããÊãñ ‡ãŠãè ½ãÖãÀãÓ›È ÍããÔã¶ãã¶ãñ ¦¾ããâÞããè ÔÌã¦ã: Þããè ¾ããñ•ã¶ãã ¹ããßÊããè ¶ããÖãè

‚ãããä¥ã ¦ããè ¾ããñ•ã¶ãã ¶ãÌããè¶ã ‡ãŠã½ãñ ‚ãâ¦ã¼ãÃî¦ã ‡ãŠÀŠ¶ã ãä‡ãŠâÌãã ¾ããñ•ã¶ãñ¦ã ªÍãÃãäÌãÊãñÊ¾ãã ‡ãŠã½ããâÞ¾ãã •ããØããè ƒ¦ãÀ

ºãªÊããè ‡ãŠã½ãñ ‚ãâ¦ã¼ãÃî¦ã ‡ãŠÀŠ¶ã Ôãì£ãããäÀ¦ã ‡ãŠñÊããè. •ãÔãñ, •ãñ ‡ãŠã½ã 2009-10 ¾ãã ÌãÓããÃ¦ã ãä¶ãÓ¹ãããäª¦ã

‡ãŠÀãÌã¾ããÞãã ¹ãÆÔ¦ããÌã Öãñ¦ãã ‚ãããä¥ã ªîÔãÀñ †‡ãŠ ‡ãŠã½ã •ãñ 2010-11 ½ã£¾ãñ ‡ãŠÀãÌã¾ããÞãã ¹ãÆÔ¦ããÌã Öãñ¦ãã ¦ãñ

2008-09 ½ã£¾ãñ ãä¶ãÓ¹ãããäª¦ã ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ãã‡ãŠãäÀ¦ãã ½ãâ•ãîÀ ¢ããÊãñ Öãñ¦ãñ. ãäÍãÌãã¾ã, 29 ‡ãŠã½ãñ (2009-11) •ããè

¹ãÆã©ã½¾ã ¾ããªãè¦ã ŒããÊãÞ¾ãã Ô¦ãÀãÌãÀ Öãñ¦ããè ¦¾ãâã¶ãã •ããè ‡ãŠã½ãñ ¹ãÆÔ¦ããÌã ¾ããªãè¦ã ÌãÀÞ¾ãã •ããØããè Öãñ¦ããè

¦¾ããâÞ¾ãã ‚ãã£ããè ½ãâ•ãìÀãè ãä½ãßãÊããè. ÌããÀâÌããÀ ¢ããÊãñÊ¾ãã ºãªÊããâ½ãìßñ, ½ãÖãÀãÓ›È ÍããÔã¶ãã¶ãñ ÍãñÌã›ãè

` 1,635.09 ‡ãŠãñ›ãè ãä‡ãŠâ½ã¦ããèÞ¾ãã 427 ÀÔ¦ãã ‡ãŠã½ããâÞ¾ãã ½ãîß ¾ããñ•ã¶ãñÞ¾ãã ãäÌãÂ® ` 3,512.07 ‡ãŠãñ›ãè

ãä‡ãŠâ½ã¦ããèÞããè 728 ‡ãŠã½ãñ ¹ãÆÔ¦ãããäÌã¦ã ‡ãŠñÊããè. ¦ã©ãããä¹ã, ¼ããÀ¦ã ÔãÀ‡ãŠãÀ¶ãñ 2008-11 ¾ãã ‡ãŠãÊããÌã£ããèÔããŸãè

` 1,263.59 ‡ãŠãñ›ãè ½ãîÊ¾ããÞããè 237 ÀÔ¦¾ããâÞããè ‡ãŠã½ãñ ½ãâ•ãîÀ ‡ãŠñÊããè.

½ãÖãÀãÓ›È ÍããÔã¶ãã¶ãñ ¶ã½ãîª ‡ãŠñÊãñ (ãä¡ÔãñâºãÀ 2013) ‡ãŠãè ¾ããñ•ã¶ãã ‚ãããä¥ã ¹ãÀÔ¹ãÀ ¹ãÆã©ããä½ã‡ãŠ¦ãã ¾ãã½ã£¾ãñ

Êããñ‡ãŠ ¹ãÆãä¦ããä¶ããä£ãÞ¾ãã ½ããØã¥ããè¶ãìÔããÀ ºãªÊã ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ãã¦ã ‚ããÊãñ. ¹ãì¤ñ ‚ãÔãñÖãè ¶ã½ãîª ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ãã¦ã ‚ããÊãñ ‡ãŠãè

¹ãÆÔ¦ãããäÌã¦ã ÔãÌãÃ ºãªÊã Öñ ½ãã¶ã¶ããè¾ã ½ãâ¨¾ããâ´ãÀñ ½ãâ•ãîÀ ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ãã¦ã ‚ããÊãñ Öãñ¦ãñ. „§ãÀ ‚ã½ãã¶¾ã ‚ããÖñ

‡ãŠãÀ¥ã àãñãä¨ã¾ã ‡ãŠã¾ããÃÊã¾ããâ¶ããè, Ô©ãããä¶ã‡ãŠ ½ããØã¥ããèâÔãÖ, ÔãÌãÃ ºãã•ãî ãäÌãÞããÀã¦ã Üãñ„Š¶ãÞã ¹ãÆã©ããä½ã‡ãŠ¦ãã

ÔãâÔÌããè‡ãŠð¦ã ‡ãŠñÊããè Öãñ¦ããè ‚ãããä¥ã ½Ö¥ãî¶ãÞã ¹ãÆã©ããä½ã‡ãŠ¦ãã ‡ãÆŠ½ããÞãñ ½ãÖãÀãÓ›È ÍããÔã¶ãã¶ãñ ‚ã¶ãìÔãÀ¥ã

‡ãŠÀãÌã¾ããÔã ¹ãããäÖ•ãñ Öãñ¦ãñ.

‡ãŠñâªÆãè¾ã ½ããØãÃ ãä¶ããä£ã ãä¶ã¾ã½ã, 2007 Þ¾ãã ãä¶ã¾ã½ã ‡ãÆŠ½ããâ‡ãŠ 5 (18) ‚ã¶ãìÔããÀ ¹ãÆ¦¾ãñ‡ãŠ ÌãÓããèÃ ¼ããÀ¦ã

ÔãÀ‡ãŠãÀ¶ãñ ½ãâ•ãîÀ ‡ãŠÀãÌã¾ããÞ¾ãã ¾ããñ•ã¶ããâÞãñ †‡ãŠî¥ã ½ãîÊ¾ã ½ãâ•ãìÀãè ‡ãŠãñÓãã ƒ¦ã¹ã¦ã ½ã¾ããÃãäª¦ã ‚ãÔããÌãñ, •ãñ

‡ãŠìŸÊ¾ããÖãè †‡ãŠã ÌãñßñÊãã ‡ãŠãñ¥ã¦¾ããÖãè Àã•¾ãã¦ã ãä‡ãŠâÌãã ‡ãŠñâªÆ ÍãããäÔã¦ã ¹ãÆªñÍãã¦ã, •¾ãã ÌãÓããÃ¦ã ‡ãŠã½ãñ ½ãâ•ãîÀ

¢ããÊããè, ¦¾ãã ÌãÓããÃ¦ããèÊã ÌãããäÓãÃ‡ãŠ „¹ãã•ãÃ¶ã Öãñ¥ããÅ ¾ãã À‡ã‹‡ãŠ½ãñÞ¾ãã ªì¹¹ã›ãè¹ãñàãã •ããÔ¦ã ‚ãÔãî ¶ã¾ãñ.

91981-2001 Þ¾ãã ½ãã.ãäÌã.¾ããñ.Þãñ Êãà¾ã Ìã•ãã ½ããÞãÃ 2008 ¹ã¾ãÃâ¦ã Þãñ Ôãã£¾ã (2,70,010 ãä‡ãŠ.½ããè.- 2,35,595 ãä‡ãŠ.½ããè)


15

½ãìŒ¾ã ‚ããä¼ã¾ãâ¦ãã, ÔããÌãÃ•ããä¶ã‡ãŠ ºããâ£ã‡ãŠã½ã ãäÌã¼ããØã, ½ãÖãÀãÓ›È ÍããÔã¶ã Öã ÀÔ¦ãñ ãäÌã‡ãŠãÔã ½ãâ¨ããÊã¾ããÞ¾ãã

Ô©ãã¾ããè Ôããä½ã¦ããèÞãã, •ããè ½ãÖãÀãÓ›È ÍããÔã¶ãã¶ãñ ¹ãÆÔ¦ãããäÌã¦ã ‡ãŠñÊãñÊ¾ãã ‡ãŠã½ããâ¶ãã ½ãâ•ãìÀãè ªñ¦ãñ, ÔãªÔ¾ã

‚ãÔã¦ããñ. ÊãñŒãã¹ãÀãèàãñÔã ‚ãÔãñ ãäªÔãî¶ã ‚ããÊãñ ‡ãŠãè ‡ãŠñâªÆãè¾ã ½ããØãÃ ãä¶ããä£ã ‚ãâ¦ãØãÃ¦ã ƒâ£ã¶ã „¹ã‡ãŠÀã½ãìßñ

½ãÖãÀãÓ›È ÍããÔã¶ããÊãã 2008-11 ¾ãã ‡ãŠãÊããÌã£ããè¦ã ` 550.56 ‡ãŠãñ›ãè ƒ¦ã‡ãŠãè À‡ã‹‡ãŠ½ã „¹ãããä•ãÃ¦ã ¢ããÊããè

Öãñ¦ããè. ¦ã©ãããä¹ã, ¼ããÀ¦ã ÔãÀ‡ãŠãÀ ¶ãñ 2008-11 ¾ãã ‡ãŠãÊããÌã£ããè¦ã ‚ã¶ãì—ãñ¾ã À‡ã‹‡ãŠ½ã ` 1,101.12 ‡ãŠãñ›ãè

10

Þ¾ãã †ñÌã•ããè ` 1,263.59 ‡ãŠãñ›ãè À‡ã‹‡ãŠ½ãñÞããè 237 ‡ãŠã½ãñ ½ãâ•ãîÀ ‡ãŠñÊããè. ½ãÖãÀãÓ›È ÍããÔã¶ãã¶ãñ •ãÀãè

2011-13 ªÀ½¾ãã¶ã ` 460.20 ‡ãŠãñ›ãè À‡ã‹‡ãŠ½ã „¹ãããä•ãÃ¦ã ‡ãŠñÊããè Öãñ¦ããè ¦ãÀãè ¼ããÀ¦ã ÔãÀ‡ãŠãÀ ¶ãñ ¾ãã ªãñ¶ã

ÌãÓããÃ¦ã ‡ãŠãñ¥ã¦ãñÖãè ‡ãŠã½ã ½ãâ•ãîÀ ‡ãŠñÊãñ ¶ããÖãè ‡ãŠãÀ¥ã ‡ãŠñâªÆãè¾ã ½ããØãÃ ãä¶ããä£ã ‚ãâ¦ãØãÃ¦ã ‚ãã£ããèÞã ½ããñŸ¿ãã

¹ãÆ½ãã¥ãã¦ã ½ãâ•ãìÀãè ãäªÊãñÊ¾ãã Öãñ¦¾ãã. ¾ããÌãÀŠ¶ã Ô¹ãÓ› ãäªÔãî¶ã ¾ãñ¦ãñ ‡ãŠãè ½ãìŒ¾ã ‚ããä¼ã¾ãâ¦ãã, ÔããÌãÃ•ããä¶ã‡ãŠ

ºããâ£ã‡ãŠã½ã ãäÌã¼ããØã, ½ãÖãÀãÓ›È ÍããÔã¶ã Öñ ½ããØãÃ ¹ããäÀÌãÖ¶ã Ìã ÀãÓ›Èãè¾ã ½ãÖã½ããØãÃ ½ãâ¨ããÊã¾ããÞ¾ãã Ô©ãã¾ããè

Ôããä½ã¦ããèÞãñ ÔãªÔ¾ã ‚ãÔãî¶ãÖãè ¦ãñ Àã•¾ããÞ¾ãã ƒâ£ã¶ã „¹ã‡ãŠÀãÞ¾ãã ÌãããäÓãÃ‡ãŠ „¹ãããä•ãÃ¦ã À‡ãŠ½ãñ¶ãìÔããÀ

‡ãŠã½ããâÞ¾ãã ½ãâ•ãìÀãè ÌãÀ ¹ãìÀñÔãñ ãä¶ã¾ãâ¨ã¥ã ŸñÌã¥¾ãã¦ã ‚ãÔã½ã©ãÃ ŸÀÊãñ.

‡ãŠñâªÆãè¾ã ½ããØãÃ ãä¶ããä£ã ãä¶ã¾ã½ã, 2007 Þ¾ãã ãä¶ã¾ã½ã 5 (5) ½ã£¾ãñ ‚ãÍããè ¦ãÀ¦ãîª ‚ããÖñ ‡ãŠãè ¹ãÆ‡ãŠÊ¹ããâÞããè

ãä¶ãÌã¡, Àã•¾ããÞãã Ôã½ã¦ããñÊã ãäÌã‡ãŠãÔã Öãñ¥¾ããÞ¾ãã ªðãäÓ›‡ãŠãñ¶ãã¦ãî¶ã ‡ãŠñÊ¾ãã •ããÌããè. ÊãñŒãã¹ãÀãèàãñÔã ‚ãÔãñ

‚ãã¤ßî¶ã ‚ããÊãñ ‡ãŠãè •ãÀãè ÌãÓãÃ 2009-10 ½ã£¾ãñ 13 ãä•ãÊÛããâ‡ãŠãäÀ¦ãã 46 ‡ãŠã½ãñ ½ãâ•ãîÀ ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ãã¦ã ‚ããÊããè

¦ãÀãè 2010-11 ½ã£¾ãñ 22 ãä•ãÊÛããâ‡ãŠãäÀ¦ãã 56 ‡ãŠã½ãñ ½ãâ•ãîÀ ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ãã¦ã ‚ããÊããè. àãñãä¨ã¾ã ‡ãŠã¾ããÃÊã¾ããâ¶ããè

•ãÀãè ‡ãŠñâªÆãè¾ã ½ããØãÃ ãä¶ããä£ã ‚ãâ¦ãØãÃ¦ã Ôãì®ã ÀÔ¦ãã ‡ãŠã½ãñ ¹ãÆÔ¦ãããäÌã¦ã ‡ãŠñÊããè ‚ãÔãÊããè ¦ãÀãè 2009-13 ¾ãã

‡ãŠãÊããÌã£ããè¦ã Ôãã¦ã ãä•ãÊÛããâ½ã£¾ãñ †‡ãŠÖãè ‡ãŠã½ã ½ãâ•ãîÀ ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ãã¦ã ‚ããÊãñ ¶ããÖãè. 2008-13 ¾ãã

‡ãŠãÊããÌã£ããè¦ã †‡ãŠî¥ã ½ãâ•ãîÀ ãä¶ããä£ãÞ¾ãã 47 ›‡ã‹‡ãŠñ ãä¶ããä£ã Àã•¾ããÞ¾ãã 33 ãä•ãÊÛããâ¹ãõ‡ãŠãè ‡ãŠñÌãß Ôãã¦ã

ãä•ãÊÛããâ½ã£¾ãñ Ìãã›¥¾ãã¦ã ‚ããÊãã Öãñ¦ãã (·ããä½ãäÍãÓ› 2.1.1). ¾ãã ¹ãÆ‡ãŠãÀñ Ôã½ã¦ããñÊã ãäÌã‡ãŠãÔããÞãñ „ñÍ¾ã

Ôãã£¾ã ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ãã¦ã ‚ããÊãñ ¶ããÖãè.

2.1.6.3 ¦ãñÀãÌ¾ãã ãäÌã§ã ‚ãã»ããñØããÞ»ãã ‡ãŠãºããâÞãñ ãäµã»ããñ•ãµã

‚ãããä©ãÃ‡ãŠ ãäÌã‡ãŠãÔãã‡ãŠãäÀ¦ãã, ÀÔ¦ãñ ¹ãã¾ãã¼ãî¦ã ÔãìãäÌã£ããâÞãñ ½ãÖ¦Ìã ‚ããñßŒãî¶ã, ãäÌã§ã ½ãâ¨ããÊã¾ã, Ì¾ã¾ã

ãäÌã¼ããØã, ãäÌã§ã ‚ãã¾ããñØã ãäÌã¼ããØã, ¼ããÀ¦ã ÔãÀ‡ãŠãÀ¶ãñ ãäÌã§ã ‚ãã¾ããñØã-XIII Þ¾ãã ãäÍã¹ãŠãÀÔããâèÞ¾ãã 2011-15

¾ãã ¹ãÆªã¶ã ‡ãŠãÊããÌã£ããèÞ¾ãã ‡ãŠã¾ããÃ¶Ìã¾ã¶ãã ‡ãŠãäÀ¦ãã ½ããØãÃªÍãÃ‡ãŠ ¦ã¦Ìãñ ãä¶ãØãÃãä½ã¦ã ‡ãŠñÊããè (½ããÞãÃ 2011).

¾ãã ½ããØãÃªÍãÃ‡ãŠ ¦ã¦Ìããâ¶ãìÔããÀ ½ãÖãÀãÓ›È ÍããÔã¶ãã¶ãñ, 2011-12 ¦ãñ 2014-15 ¾ãã ‡ãŠãÊããÌã£ããè¦ã, ‚ã¶ãìªã¶ã

•ãìÊãõ ½ããäÖ¶¾ãã¦ã †‡ãŠãÞã ÌãããäÓãÃ‡ãŠ Ö¹¦¾ãã¦ã ªñ¦ãã ¾ãñ„Š Íã‡ãŠñÊã ¾ãã „ñÍ¾ãã¶ãñ, ‡ãŠã½ããÞ¾ãã ¾ããñ•ã¶ãã ½ãâ•ãîÀ

‡ãŠÀ¥¾ãã‡ãŠãäÀ¦ãã Ìã ‚ã©ãÃÔãâ‡ãŠÊ¹ã Ìã ãäÌã§ã ÊãñŒãñ ¹ãÆ¦¾ãñ‡ãŠ ÌãÓããèÃ •ãî¶ã ½ããäÖ¶¾ããÞ¾ãã ¹ããäÖÊ¾ãã ‚ããŸÌã¡¿ãã

¹ã¾ãÃâ¦ã ãäÌã§ã ½ãâ¨ããÊã¾ããÊãã ÔããªÀ ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ããÞããè ãä¶ããäÍÞã¦ããè ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ããÔããŸãè ½ãìŒ¾ã ÔããäÞãÌã ¹ãÆ½ãìŒã¹ãªãè

‚ãÔãÊãñÊããè †‡ãŠ „ÞÞã Ô¦ãÀãè¾ã Ôãâãä¶ã¾ãâ¨ã¥ã Ôããä½ã¦ããè ØããäŸ¦ã ‡ãŠñÊããè. ÀÔ¦¾ããâÞ¾ãã ¹ãÀãèÀàãñÞããè ‡ãŠã½ãñ, •ãÍããè

Œã¡ãè Ìã ¡ãâºãÀ ›ã‡ãŠî¶ã ¶ãî¦ã¶ããè‡ãŠÀ¥ã, ºãß‡ãŠ›ãè‡ãŠÀ¥ã Ìã ¡ãâºãÀãè‡ãŠÀ¥ã ‚ãããä¥ã ƒ¦ãÀ ÀÔ¦ãã Ôãì£ããÀ ‡ãŠã½ãñ

¾ãã ‡ãŠã¾ãÃ‡ãÆŠ½ããâ¦ãØãÃ¦ã ‡ãŠÀãÌã¾ããÞããè Öãñ¦ããè. ½ãâ•ãîÀ ¢ããÊãñÊããè ‡ãŠã½ãñ ¦¾ããÞã ãäÌã§ããè¾ã ÌãÓããÃ¦ã ¹ãî¥ãÃ ‡ãŠÀãÌã¾ããÞããè

Öãñ¦ããè.

10 ` 550.56 X 2 = ` 1,101.12


16

½ãÖãÀãÓ›È ÍããÔã¶ãã¶ãñ ¹ãÆãªñãäÍã‡ãŠ ‡ãŠã¾ããÃÊã¾ããâ¶ãã 2011-15 ¾ãã ÞããÀ ÌãÓããÃâÞ¾ãã ‡ãŠã¾ãÃ¾ããñ•ã¶ãã ¦ã¾ããÀ

‡ãŠÀ¥¾ããÔããŸãè ‡ãŠã½ããâÞãñ ¹ãÆÔ¦ããÌã ÔããªÀ ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ããÞãñ ‚ããªñÍã ãäªÊãñ (‚ããùØãÔ› 2011). „ÞÞã Ô¦ãÀãè¾ã

Ôãâãä¶ã¾ãâ¨ã¥ã Ôããä½ã¦ããè¶ãñ 2011-12 ‚ãããä¥ã 2012-13 ¾ãã ÌãÓããÃâÞ¾ãã ÌãããäÓãÃ‡ãŠ ¾ããñ•ã¶ãñ ÔããŸãè ‚ã¶ãì‡ãÆŠ½ãñ

` 422.46 ‡ãŠãñ›ãè ½ãîÊ¾ããÞããè 398 ‡ãŠã½ãñ ‚ãããä¥ã ` 500.82 ‡ãŠãñ›ãèâÞããè 447 ‡ãŠã½ãñ ½ãâ•ãîÀ ‡ãŠñÊããè

(ãä¡ÔãñâºãÀ 2011 ‚ãããä¥ã ¶ããñÌÖñâºãÀ 2012).

29 ãäÌã¼ããØããâÞ¾ãã ¶ã½ãî¶ãã ÞããÞã¥ããè¦ã ÊãñŒãã¹ãÀãèàãñÔã ‚ãÔãñ ãä¶ãªÍãÃ¶ããÔã ‚ããÊãñ ‡ãŠãè 2011-12 Ìã 2012-13

¾ãã ÌãÓããÃ¦ã „ÞÞã Ô¦ãÀãè¾ã Ôãâãä¶ã¾ãâ¨ã¥ã Ôããä½ããä¦ã´ãÀñ ‡ãŠã½ããâÞ¾ãã ãäÌãÊãâãäºã¦ã ½ãâ•ãìÀãè½ãìßñ, ‡ãŠã½ãñ ¹ãŠñºãÆìÌããÀãè

2012 Ìã ½ããÞãÃ 2013 ½ã£¾ãñÞã ªñ¦ãã ‚ããÊããè. ¹ããäÀ¥ãã½ããè, 2011-12 ¾ãã ÌãÓããÃ¦ã ½ãâ•ãîÀ ¢ããÊãñÊããè 106 ‡ãŠã½ãñ

(¢ããÊãñÊãã ŒãÞãÃ: ` 84.08 ‡ãŠãñ›ãè) ‚ãããä¥ã 2012-13 ½ã£¾ãñ ½ãâ•ãîÀ ¢ããÊãñÊããè 122 ‡ãŠã½ãñ (¢ããÊãñÊãã ŒãÞãÃ:

` 80.31 ‡ãŠãñ›ãè) ‚ã¶ãì‡ãÆŠ½ãñ ½ããÞãÃ 2012 Ìã ½ããÞãÃ 2013 ¹ã¾ãÃâ¦ã ¹ãî¥ãÃ Öãñ„Š Íã‡ãŠÊããè ¶ããÖãè.

ÊãñŒãã¹ãÀãèàãã œã¶ã¶ããè¦ã ¹ãì¤ñ ‚ãÔãñ ãä¶ãªÍãÃ¶ããÔã ‚ããÊãñ ‡ãŠãè ‡ãŠñßÌãª-ÔããÌã¶ãñÀ, Àã•¾ã Ôããè½ãã ÀÔ¦ãã (Àã•¾ã

½ãÖã½ããØãÃ- 250), •¾ãã ½ããØããÃÞããè ¶ãâ¦ãÀ ÀãÓ›Èãè¾ã ½ãÖã½ããØãÃ ½Ö¥ãî¶ã Ñãñ¥ããèÌãã¤ ¢ããÊããè (•ãã¶ãñÌããÀãè 2010),

¦ããñ ¼ããÀ¦ããÞãñ ÀãÓ›Èãè¾ã ½ãÖã½ããØãÃ ¹ãÆããä£ã‡ãŠÀ¥ã ¾ããâÞãñ‡ãŠ¡ñ ÖÔ¦ããâ¦ããäÀ¦ã ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ãã¦ã ‚ããÊãã (½ãñ 2010).

¦ã©ãããä¹ã, ‡ãŠã¾ãÃ‡ãŠãÀãè ‚ããä¼ã¾ãâ¦ãã, ÔããÌãÃ•ããä¶ã‡ãŠ ºããâ£ã‡ãŠã½ã ãäÌã¼ããØã - II, ¶ããØã¹ãîÀ ¾ããâ¶ããè ¾ãã ½ããØããÃÌãÀãèÊã

ÔããŒãßãè 0/0 ãä‡ãŠ.½ããè. ¦ãñ 13/200 ãä‡ãŠ.½ããè. ÌãÀ ¦ãñÀãÌ¾ãã ãäÌã§ã ‚ãã¾ããñØã ‚ãâ¦ãØãÃ¦ã Œã¡ãè Ìã ¡ãâºãÀ ›ã‡ãŠî¶ã

¶ãÌããè‡ãŠÀ¥ã ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ããÞãñ ‡ãŠã½ã ¹ãÆÔ¦ãããäÌã¦ã ‡ãŠñÊãñ (Ôã¹›ñâºãÀ 2011) ¹ãÀâ¦ãì ¶ãâ¦ãÀ ½ãÖãÀãÓ›È ÍããÔã¶ãã‡ãŠ¡ñ Öñ

‡ãŠã½ã ÌãØãß¥¾ããºããºã¦ã ¹ãÆÔ¦ããÌã ŸñÌã¥¾ãã¦ã ‚ããÊãã (¶ããñÌÖñâºãÀ 2011). ¦ã©ãããä¹ã, ½ãÖãÀãÓ›È ÍããÔã¶ãã¶ãñ ¾ãã

ÀÔ¦¾ããÌãÀãèÊã Œã¡ãè Ìã ¡ãâºãÀ ›ã‡ãŠî¶ã ¶ãÌããè‡ãŠÀ¥ã ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ããÞãñ ‡ãŠã½ã ½ãâ•ãîÀ ‡ãŠñÊãñ (ãä¡ÔãñâºãÀ 2011) ‚ãããä¥ã

Öñ ‡ãŠã½ã ` 54.84 Êãàã ãä‡ãŠâ½ã¦ããèÌãÀ ¹ãÆªã¶ã ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ãã¦ã ‚ããÊãñ (¹ãŠñºãÆìÌããÀãè 2012) Ìã ` 67.61 Êãàã ¾ãã

ãä‡ãŠâ½ã¦ããèÌãÀ ¹ãî¥ãÃ ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ãã¦ã ‚ããÊãñ (¶ããñÌÖñâºãÀ 2012). ¾ãã½ãìßñ, ` 67.61 Êãàã †Ìã¤ã ‚ããä¶ã¾ããä½ã¦ã

ŒãÞãÃ ¢ããÊãã ‡ãŠãÀ¥ã ‚ãã£ããèÞã ¼ããÀ¦ããÞãñ ÀãÓ›Èãè¾ã ½ãÖã½ããØãÃ ¹ãÆããä£ã‡ãŠÀ¥ã ¾ããâÞãñ‡ãŠ¡ñ Öã ÀÔ¦ãã ÖÔ¦ããâ¦ããäÀ¦ã

¢ããÊãã Öãñ¦ãã. ¦¾ãã½ãìßñ ¦ãñÀãÌãñ ãäÌã§ã ‚ãã¾ããñØã ‚ãâ¦ãØãÃ¦ã ¾ãã ÀÔ¦¾ããÞãñ ‡ãŠã½ã ¹ãÆÔ¦ãããäÌã¦ã ‡ãŠÀãÌã¾ããÔã Ìã ¹ãî¥ãÃ

‡ãŠÀãÌã¾ããÔã ¶ã‡ãŠãñ Öãñ¦ãñ.

‡ãŠã¾ãÃ‡ãŠãÀãè ‚ããä¼ã¾ãâ¦ãã, ÔããÌãÃ•ããä¶ã‡ãŠ ºããâ£ã‡ãŠã½ã ãäÌã¼ããØã - II, ¶ããØã¹ãîÀ ¾ããâ¶ããè ÊãñŒãã¹ãÀãèàãã ãä¶ãÀãèàã¥ã

½ãã¶¾ã ‡ãŠñÊãñ (†ãä¹ãÆÊã 2013).

ãäÌã§ã ‚ãã¾ããñØã - XIII ¶ãñ Àã•¾ã ÍããÔã¶ããÊãã, •ããè ÔãÌãÃ ¨ãÉ¦ãî¦ã ÔãìÀŠ ‚ãÔã¥ããÅ ¾ãã ÀÔ¦¾ããâ¶ããè •ããñ¡ÊãñÊããè

¶ãÌÖ¦ããè ‚ãÍããè ÔãìªîÀ ØããÌãñ •ããñ¡¥¾ããÔããŸãè ãäÌã§ã ÔãÖã¾¾ã ªñ¥¾ããÔããŸãè ãäÍã¹ãŠãÀÔã ‡ãŠñÊããè (†ãä¹ãÆÊã 2011).

` 200 ‡ãŠãñ›ãèâÞãñ ÔãÖã¾¾ã‡ãŠ ‚ã¶ãìªã¶ã 2011-15 ¾ãã ‡ãŠãÊããÌã£ããè¦ã ÞããÀ ÔããÀŒ¾ãã ÌãããäÓãÃ‡ãŠ Ö¹¦¾ãã¦ã

²ããÌã¾ããÞãñ Öãñ¦ãñ. ãäÌã§ã ‚ãã¾ããñØã - XIII Þ¾ãã ½ããØãÃªÍãÃ‡ãŠ ¦ã¦Ìããâ¶ãìÔããÀ ¹ããäÖÊãã Ö¹¦ãã „ÞÞã Ô¦ãÀãè¾ã

Ôãâãä¶ã¾ãâ¨ã¥ã Ôããä½ã¦ããè¶ãñ ½ãâ•ãîÀ ‡ãŠñÊãñÊããè ‡ãŠã¾ãÃ ¾ããñ•ã¶ãã ÔããªÀ ‡ãŠñÊ¾ããÌãÀ ²ããÌã¾ããÞãã Öãñ¦ãã. ¶ãâ¦ãÀÞãñ Ö¹¦ãñ

‚ãã£ããè ãäªÊãñÊ¾ãã ‚ã¶ãìªã¶ããÞãñ „¹ã¾ããñ•ã¶ã ¹ãÆ½ãã¥ã¹ã¨ã ¹ãÆã¹¦ã ¢ããÊ¾ãã¶ãâ¦ãÀ ²ããÌã¾ããÞãñ Öãñ¦ãñ. ÊãñŒãã¹ãÀãèàãã

¹ã¡¦ããß¥ããè¦ã ¹ãì¤ãèÊã ºããºããè ‚ãã¤ßÊ¾ãã :

„ÞÞã Ô¦ãÀãè¾ã Ôãâãä¶ã¾ãâ¨ã¥ã Ôããä½ã¦ããè¶ãñ 2011-12 Þ¾ãã ÌãããäÓãÃ‡ãŠ ¾ããñ•ã¶ãñ¦ã ` 50 ‡ãŠãñ›ãè ½ãîÊ¾ããÞããè

69 ‡ãŠã½ãñ ½ãâ•ãîÀ ‡ãŠñÊããè (‚ããù‡ã‹›ãñºãÀ 2011). ¼ããÀ¦ã ÔãÀ‡ãŠãÀ ‡ãŠ¡î¶ã ãä¡ÔãñâºãÀ 2011 ½ã£¾ãñÞã

` 50 ‡ãŠãñ›ãè ¹ãÆã¹¦ã ¢ããÊãñ ‚ãÔãÊãñ ¦ãÀãèÖãè ` 42.50 ‡ãŠãñ›ãèâÞããè À‡ã‹‡ãŠ½ã ½ãÖãÀãÓ›È ÍããÔã¶ãã´ãÀñ


17

¹ãŠñºãÆìÌããÀãè 2012 Þ¾ãã ‚ãŒãñÀãèÔã ªñ¥¾ãã¦ã ‚ããÊããè. Ôãâ¹ãî¥ãÃ ÔãÖã¾¾ã‡ãŠ ‚ã¶ãìªã¶ã ¦¾ããÞã ãäÌã§ããè¾ã

ÌãÓããÃ¦ã „¹ã¾ããñ•ã¶ã ‡ãŠÀ¥ãñ Íã‡ã‹¾ã ¶ãÔãÊ¾ãã½ãìßñ ÔããÌãÃ•ããä¶ã‡ãŠ ºããâ£ã‡ãŠã½ã ãäÌã¼ããØãã¶ãñ ` 25.57 ‡ãŠãñ›ãè

½ããÞãÃ 2012 ½ã£¾ãñ ½ãÖãÀãÓ›È ÍããÔã¶ããÔã ¹ãÆ¦¾ããä¹ãÃ¦ã ‡ãŠñÊãñ. ¾ãã À‡ãŠ½ãñÞãñ ¹ãì¶ãÌããÃ›¹ã 2012-13 Þ¾ãã

Àã•¾ã ‚ã©ãÃÔãâ‡ãŠÊ¹ãã¦ã ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ãã¦ã ‚ããÊãñ Ìã ¦¾ãã À‡ã‹‡ãŠ½ãñÞãñ Ìãã›¹ã Ôã¹›ñâºãÀ 2012 ½ã£¾ãñ ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ãã¦ã

‚ããÊãñ.

„ÞÞã Ô¦ãÀãè¾ã Ôãâãä¶ã¾ãâ¨ã¥ã Ôããä½ã¦ããè¶ãñ 2012-13 ¾ãã ÌãÓããÃÞããè ÌãããäÓãÃ‡ãŠ ¾ããñ•ã¶ãã ¶ããñÌÖñâºãÀ 2012

½ã£¾ãñ ½ãâ•ãîÀ ‡ãŠñÊããè ¹ãÀâ¦ãì 2011-12 Þ¾ãã ‡ãŠã½ããâÞããè „¹ã¾ããñ•ã¶ã ¹ãÆ½ãã¥ã¹ã¨ãñ ÔããªÀ ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ãã¦ããèÊã

ãäÌãÊãâºãã½ãìßñ ¼ããÀ¦ã ÔãÀ‡ãŠãÀ¶ãñ ` 50 ‡ãŠãñ›ãèâÞãã ªìÔãÀã Ö¹¦ãã ½ããÞãÃ 2013 ½ã£¾ãñÞã ãäªÊãã,

•¾ãã¹ãõ‡ãŠãè ¹ãŠ‡ã‹¦ã ` 3.22 ‡ãŠãñ›ãè ¦¾ãã ãäÌã§ããè¾ã ÌãÓããÃ ‚ãŒãñÀ „¹ã¾ããñãä•ã¦ã ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ãã¦ã ¾ãñ„Š Íã‡ãŠÊãñ.

¾ãã½ãìßñ ¶ã½ãî¶ãã ¦ã¹ããÔã¥ããè ‡ãŠñÊãñÊ¾ãã ãäÌã¼ããØããâ¦ã ÌãÓãÃ 2012-13 ½ã£¾ãñ Üãñ¥¾ãã¦ã ‚ããÊãñÊããè ÔãÌãÃ 19

‡ãŠã½ãñ ‚ã¹ãî¥ãÃ ÀããäÖÊããè.

2.1.7 ãäÌã§ããè¾ã Ì¾ãÌãÔ©ãã¹ã¶ã

2008-13 ¾ãã ‡ãŠãÊããÌã£ããè¦ã Ôãâ¹ãî¥ãÃ Àã•¾ãã‡ãŠãäÀ¦ãã ãä¶ããä£ã ªñ¥¾ããÞ¾ãã ¦ããè¶ãÖãè Ì¾ãÌãÔ©ãñÞããè ‚ã©ãÃÔãâ‡ãŠÊ¹ããè¾ã

¦ãÀ¦ãîª Ìã ŒãÞãÃ ¦ã‡ã‹¦ãã 3 ½ã£¾ãñ ªÍãÃãäÌãÊ¾ãã¹ãÆ½ãã¥ãñ ‚ããÖñ :

¦ã‡ã‹¦ãã 3: ãäµããä£ãÞ»ãã ¦ããèµã Ô¨ããñ¦ããâ¦ãØãÀ¦ã ‚ã©ãÀÔãâ‡ãŠÊ·ã Ìã ŒãÞãÀ

(` ‡ãŠãñ›ãè ºã£»ãñ)

ÌãÓãÃ ‡ãŠñ¶ªÆãè¾ã ½ããØãÃ ãä¶ã£ããè ãäÌã§ã ‚ãã»ããñØã - XIII ¶ããºãã¡Ã

‚ãâãä¦ãºã ‚ã©ãÀÔãâ‡ãŠÊ·ããè¾ã

¦ãÀ¦ãìª Ìã ãäªÊãñÊããè

½‡ã‹‡ãŠºã

ŒãÞãÀ ‚ãâãä¦ãºã ‚ã©ãÀÔãâ‡ãŠÊ·ããè¾ã



ŒãÞãÀ ‚ãâãä¦ãºã ‚ã©ãÀÔãâ‡ãŠÊ·ããè¾ã



ŒãÞãÀ

2008-09 266.55 266.56 -- -- 270.01 288.31

2009-10 331.45 331.43 -- -- 475.00 465.36

2010-11 390.84 388.25 -- -- 400.00 358.54

2011-12 328.50 328.52 538.48 512.91 500.00 478.18

2012-13 229.35 229.35 469.48 448.27 500.00 399.93

†‡ãŠî¥ã 1,546.69 1,544.11 1,007.96 961.18 2,145.01 1,990.32

(Ô¨ããñ¦ã : ãäÌã¼ããØãã¶ãñ ãäªÊãñÊ¾ãã ½ãããäÖ¦ããè¶ãìÔããÀ)

ÞããÞã¥ããè ¦ã¹ããÔã¥ããè ‡ãŠñÊãñÊ¾ãã ÔãÖã ½ãâ¡ßãâ½ã£¾ãñ 2008-13 ¾ãã ‡ãŠãÊããÌã£ããè¦ã ¦ããè¶ã ãä¶ããä£ã

Ì¾ãÌãÔ©ãñŒããÊããèÊã ŒãÞãÃ ¦ã‡ã‹¦ãã 4 ½ã£¾ãñ ªÍãÃãäÌãÊãã ‚ããÖñ.

¦ã‡ã‹¦ãã 4: ÞããÞã¥ããè ¦ã·ããÔã¥ããè ‡ãŠñÊãñÊ»ãã ÔãÖã ºãâ¡ßãâºã£»ãñ ¢ããÊãñÊãã ŒãÞãÀ

(` ‡ãŠãñ›ãè ºã£»ãñ)

ÌãÓãÃ ‡ãŠñµªÃãè»ã ºããØãÀ ãäµã£ããè ãäÌã§ã ‚ãã»ããñØã XIII ¶ããºãã¡Ã

2008-09 138.10 -- 93.81

2009-10 142.58 -- 181.68

2010-11 171.35 -- 130.75

2011-12 173.42 114.10 187.46

2012-13 144.86 170.94 150.66

†‡ãŠî¥ã 770.31 285.04 744.36

(Ô¨ããñ¦ã : ½ãÖãÀãÓ›È ÍããÔã¶ãã¶ãñ ½ãâ•ãîÀ ‡ãŠñÊãñÊãñ ‚ãâãä¦ã½ã ¹ãŠñÀºãªÊã ¢ããÊãñÊãñ ‚ã¶ãìªã¶ã)


18

ÊãñŒãã¹ãÀãèàã¥ããÞãñ ãä¶ãÓ‡ãŠÓãÃ ¹ãì¤ãèÊã ¹ããäÀÞœñªã¦ã ÞããäÞãÃÊãñ ‚ããÖñ¦ã.

2.1.7.1 ãäºãßãÊãñÊãã ‡ãŠºããè ãä¶ããä£ã

‡ãŠñâªÆãè¾ã ½ããØãÃ ãä¶ããä£ã ãä¶ã¾ã½ã, 2007 ‚ã¶ãìÔããÀ †‡ãŠã ÌãÓããÃ¦ã „¹ãããä•ãÃ¦ã ¢ããÊãñÊ¾ãã „¹ã‡ãŠÀãÞ¾ãã À‡ãŠ½ãñÞãã

†‡ãŠ ¦ãð¦ããè¾ããâÍã ¼ããØã, ½ãÖãÀãÓ›È ÍããÔã¶ãã ‡ãŠ¡ñ ÀãŒããèÌã ½Ö¥ãî¶ã ŸñÌã¥¾ãã‡ãŠãäÀ¦ãã ²ããÌã¾ããÞãã Öãñ¦ãã.

¼ããÀ¦ã ÔãÀ‡ãŠãÀÊãã ¦ããñ ÀãŒããèÌã ãä¶ããä£ã, „¹ã¾ããñ•ã¶ã ¹ãÆ½ãã¥ã¹ã¨ã ‚ãããä¥ã Ôããñºã¦ã ¨ãõ½ãããäÔã‡ãŠ ¹ãÆØã¦ããè ‚ãÖÌããÊã

ÔããªÀ ‡ãŠñÊ¾ãã¶ãâ¦ãÀ, ãä•ã¦ã‡ãŠã ŒãÞãÃ ‡ãŠñÊãã ‚ãÔãñÊã ‚ãããä¥ã ‡ãŠã½ããâÞããè ¹ãÆ¦¾ãàã ¹ãÆØã¦ããè ¾ãã¹ãÆ½ãã¥ãñ ãä¶ããä£ã

ªñ„Š¶ã ¹ãì¶ã:¹ãî¦ãÃ ‡ãŠÀãÌã¾ããÞãã Öãñ¦ãã.

½ãìŒ¾ã ‚ããä¼ã¾ãâ¦ãã, ÔããÌãÃ•ããä¶ã‡ãŠ ºããâ£ã‡ãŠã½ã àãñ¨ã, ½ãìâºãƒÃ ¾ããâÞ¾ãã ‡ãŠã¾ããÃÊã¾ãã¦ã ‚ãÔãñ ‚ãã¤ßî¶ã ‚ããÊãñ

‡ãŠãè 2008-13 ¾ãã ‡ãŠãÊããÌã£ããè¦ã ½ãÖãÀãÓ›È ÍããÔã¶ãã¶ãñ Àã•¾ããÞ¾ãã ‚ã©ãÃÔãâ‡ãŠÊ¹ãã¦ãî¶ã ` 1,544.11

‡ãŠãñ›ãè ŒãÞãÃ ‡ãŠñÊãñ ‚ãããä¥ã ` 1,123.22 ‡ãŠãñ›ãèÞããè „¹ã¾ããñ•ã¶ã ¹ãÆ½ãã¥ã¹ã¨ãñ ¼ããÀ¦ã ÔãÀ‡ãŠãÀÊãã ¹ãÆãä¦ã¹ãîãä¦ãÃ

‡ãŠÀ¥¾ãã‡ãŠãäÀ¦ãã ÔããªÀ ‡ãŠñÊããè, •¾ãã¹ãõ‡ãŠãè ¹ãŠ‡ã‹¦ã ` 864.79 ‡ãŠãñ›ãè ¹ãÆã¹¦ã ¢ããÊãñ. ¼ããÀ¦ã ÔãÀ‡ãŠãÀ¶ãñ

` 258.43 ‡ãŠãñ›ãèÞãã „ÌãÃãäÀ¦ã ãä¶ããä£ã ãäªÊãã ¶ããÖãè ‡ãŠãÀ¥ã ½ãÖãÀãÓ›È ÍããÔã¶ãã¶ãñ, ‡ãŠñâªÆãè¾ã ½ããØãÃ ãä¶ããä£ã

ãä¶ã¾ã½ã, 2007 ½ã£¾ãñ ãäÌããä¶ããäªÃÓ› ‚ãÔãÊ¾ãã¹ãÆ½ãã¥ãñ, ¹ãÆÍããÔã‡ãŠãè¾ã ½ãã¶¾ã¦ãã ãäªÊ¾ããÞ¾ãã ¦ããÀŒãñ ¹ããÔãî¶ã

ÞããÀ ½ããäÖ¶¾ããâÞ¾ãã ‚ãã¦ã 216 ‡ãŠã½ãñ ãäªÊããè ¶ããÖãè¦ã ‚ãããä¥ã 139 ‡ãŠã½ãñ ¹ãÆÍããÔã‡ãŠãè¾ã ½ãã¶¾ã¦ãã ãäªÊ¾ããÞ¾ãã

¦ããÀŒãñ ¹ããÔãî¶ã 24 ½ããäÖ¶¾ããââÞ¾ãã ‚ãã¦ã ¹ãî¥ãÃ ‡ãŠñÊããè ¶ããÖãè¦ã.

½ãìŒ¾ã ‚ããä¼ã¾ãâ¦ãã, ÔããÌãÃ•ããä¶ã‡ãŠ ºããâ£ã‡ãŠã½ã àãñ¨ã, ½ãìâºãƒÃ ¾ããâ¶ããè ÌãÔ¦ãìãäÔ©ã¦ããè ÔÌããè‡ãŠãÀ ‡ãŠñÊããè (½ãñ 2013)

‚ãããä¥ã ¶ã½ãîª ‡ãŠñÊãñ ‡ãŠãè ¹ãì¶ããäÌãÃÃãä£ãØãÆãÛã¦ãñÞãñ ¹ãÆÔ¦ããÌã ½ããØãÃ ¹ããäÀÌãÖ¶ã Ìã ÀãÓ›Èãè¾ã ½ãÖã½ããØãÃ ½ãâ¨ããÊã¾ãã‡ãŠ¡ñ

ÔããªÀ ‡ãŠñÊãñ ‚ããÖñ¦ã (†ãä¹ãÆÊã 2013). „§ãÀ ½ãã¶¾ã ¶ããÖãè ‡ãŠãÀ¥ã ‡ãŠñâªÆãè¾ã ½ããØãÃ ãä¶ããä£ã ãä¶ã¾ã½ã, 2007

½ã£¾ãñ ‡ãŠã½ããâÞ¾ãã ¹ãì¶ããäÌãÃãä£ãØãÆãÛã¦ãñÞããè ¦ãÀ¦ãîª ¶ããÖãè. ‚ãÍãã¹ãÆ‡ãŠãÀñ, ½ãÖãÀãÓ›È ÍããÔã¶ããÔã ` 258.43

‡ãŠãñ›ãè ŒãÞãÃ ÔÌã¦ã:Þ¾ãã Ô¨ããñ¦ãã¦ãî¶ã ‡ãŠÀãÌãã ÊããØãÊãã. ` 420.89 ‡ãŠãñ›ãè

11

ãäÍãÊÊã‡ãŠ À‡ãŠ½ãñÞããè

„¹ã¾ããñ•ã¶ã ¹ãÆ½ãã¥ã¹ã¨ãñ ½ããÞãÃ 2013 ¹ã¾ãÃâ¦ã ÔããªÀ ‡ãŠñÊããè ¶ãÌÖ¦ããè.

2.1.7.2 •ããªã ªãÌãñ

‡ãŠñâªÆãè¾ã ½ããØãÃ ãä¶ããä£ã ‚ããä£ããä¶ã¾ã½ã, 2000 ½ã£¾ãñ ‚ãÔãñ ãäÌããä¶ããäªÃÓ› ‡ãŠñÊãñ ‚ããÖñ ‡ãŠãè ½ããØãÃ ¹ããäÀÌãÖ¶ã Ìã

ÀãÓ›Èãè¾ã ½ãÖã½ããØãÃ ½ãâ¨ããÊã¾ãã¶ãñ ²ããÌã¾ããÞãã ãä¶ããä£ã Öã ‡ãŠã¾ããÃ¶Ìã¾ã¶ã ‡ãŠÀ¥ããÅ ¾ãã ¹ãÆããä£ã‡ãŠÀ¥ãã¶ãñ ½ãããäÔã‡ãŠ

¹ãÆØã¦ããè ‚ãÖÌããÊã (½ãã.¹ãÆ.‚ã.), ¨ãõ½ãããäÔã‡ãŠ ¹ãÆØã¦ããè ‚ãÖÌããÊã (¨ãõ.¹ãÆ.‚ã.) Ìã „¹ã¾ããñ•ã¶ã ¹ãÆ½ãã¥ã¹ã¨ãñ ¾ãã´ãÀñ

‡ãŠßãäÌãÊãñÊããè ‡ãŠã½ããâÞããè ¹ãÆ¦¾ãàã ¹ãÆØã¦ããè Ìã ¢ããÊãñÊãã ŒãÞãÃ ¾ããÌãÀ ãä¶ãºãÃâãä£ã¦ã ÀãÖãèÊã. ‚ããä£ããä¶ã¾ã½ãã¶ãìÔããÀ

‡ãŠã½ãñ ¹ãî¥ãÃ ¢ããÊ¾ããÌãÀ, ½ãÖãÀãÓ›È ÍããÔã¶ãã¶ãñ ¹ãÆ¦¾ãàã Ôã½ãããä¹¦ã ‚ãÖÌããÊã (¹ããè. Ôããè. ‚ããÀ.) ¹ããŸãäÌã¥ãñ

‚ããä¶ãÌãã¾ãÃ ‚ããÖñ.

ÞããÞã¥ããè ¦ã¹ããÔã¥ããè ‡ãŠñÊãñÊ¾ãã 29 ãäÌã¼ããØããâ¹ãõ‡ãŠãè 20 ãäÌã¼ããØãã¦ã 55 ‡ãŠã½ããâÌãÀ ‡ãŠñÊãñÊ¾ãã ` 208.34

‡ãŠãñ›ãè ¹ãÆ¦¾ãàã ŒãÞããÃÞ¾ãã •ããØããè ` 235.11 ‡ãŠãñ›ãèÞããè „¹ã¾ããñ•ã¶ã ¹ãÆ½ãã¥ã¹ã¨ã ¹ããŸãäÌãÊ¾ãã ØãñÊããè. ‚ãÔãã

¹ãŠìØããäÌãÊãñÊãã ŒãÞãÃ ‡ãŠßãäÌã¥¾ããÞãã ¹ããäÀ¥ãã½ã ¼ããÀ¦ã ÔãÀ‡ãŠãÀ‡ãŠ¡î¶ã ` 26.77 ‡ãŠãñ›ãè •ããªã ãä¶ããä£ãÞãã

ªãÌãã ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ãã¦ã ¢ããÊãã.

11 ` 1,544.11 ‡ãŠãñ›ãè Ìã•ãã ` 1,123.22 ‡ãŠãñ›ãè


19

2.1.7.3 ‡ãŠñâªÃãè»ã ºããØãÀ ãäµããä£ã ·ãÃãªñãäÍã‡ãŠ ‚ããä£ã‡ãŠãÂ »ããâµãã ÖÔ¦ããâ¦ããä½¦ã µã ‡ãŠ½¥ãñ

‡ãŠñâªÆãè¾ã ½ããØãÃ ãä¶ããä£ã ãä¶ã¾ã½ã, 2007 Þ¾ãã ãä¶ã¾ã½ã 5 (11) ½ã£¾ãñ ‚ãÔãñ ãäÌããäÖ¦ã ‡ãŠñÊãñ ‚ããÖñ ‡ãŠãè ‡ãŠã½ããÞ¾ãã

½ãîÊ¾ããÞ¾ãã ¦ããè¶ã ›‡ã‹‡ãŠñ ƒ¦ã‡ãŠã ãä¶ããä£ã, ½ããØãÃ ¹ããäÀÌãÖ¶ã Ìã ÀãÓ›Èãè¾ã ½ãÖã½ããØãÃ ½ãâ¨ããÊã¾ãã¶ãñ ãä¶ã¾ãì‡ã‹¦ã

‡ãŠñÊãñÊ¾ãã ¹ãÆãªñãäÍã‡ãŠ ‚ããä£ã‡ãŠãÅ ¾ãã•ãÌãß

12

, ½ã¶ãìÓ¾ãºãß ¼ãã¡¿ãã¶ãñ ÊããÌã¥¾ãã‡ãŠÀ¦ãã ŒãÞãÃ ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ããÔããŸãè

‚ãããä¥ã Øãì¥ã ãä¶ã¾ãâ¨ã¥ã ‡ãŠã½ããâÞ¾ãã ãä¶ãÓ¹ããª¶ããÔããŸãè ŸñÌãÊ¾ãã •ããƒÃÊã. ÊãñŒãã¹ãÀãèàãñÔã ‚ãÔãñ ‚ãã¤ßÊãñ ‡ãŠãè

½ãÖãÀãÓ›È ÍããÔã¶ãã¶ãñ 2008-13 ¾ãã ‡ãŠãÊããÌã£ããè¦ã ` 33.70

13

‡ãŠãñ›ãè ¹ãÆãªñãäÍã‡ãŠ ‚ããä£ã‡ãŠãÅ ¾ããÊãã Øãì¥ã

ãä¶ã¾ãâ¨ã¥ã ‡ãŠã½ããâÞ¾ãã ãä¶ãÓ¹ããª¶ããÔããŸãè ÖÔ¦ããâ¦ããäÀ¦ã ‡ãŠñÊãñ ¶ããÖãè¦ã. ¹ããäÀ¥ãã½ããè, ¹ãÆãªñãäÍã‡ãŠ ‚ããä£ã‡ãŠãÅ ¾ããÊãã

†‡ãŠÖãè ‡ãŠã½ã Øãì¥ãÌã¦¦ãñÔããŸãè ¦ã¹ããÔã¦ãã ‚ããÊãñ ¶ããÖãè.

ãä¶ãØãÃ½ã¶ã ¹ããäÀÓãªñÞ¾ãã Ìãñßãè ÔããäÞãÌã (½ããØãÃ), ÔããÌãÃ•ããä¶ã‡ãŠ ºããâ£ã‡ãŠã½ã ãäÌã¼ããØãã¶ãñ ¶ã½ãîª ‡ãŠñÊãñ (‚ããù‡ã‹›ãñºãÀ

2013) ‡ãŠãè ¹ãÆãªñãäÍã‡ãŠ ‚ããä£ã‡ãŠãÀãè, ½ããØãÃ ¹ããäÀÌãÖ¶ã Ìã ÀãÓ›Èãè¾ã ½ãÖã½ããØãÃ ½ãâ¨ããÊã¾ã, ½ãìâºãƒÃ ¾ããâ¶ããè

Øãì¥ããä¶ã¾ãâ¨ã¥ããÔããŸãè ‡ãŠãÖãèÖãè ãä¶ããä£ã ½ãããäØã¦ãÊãã ¶ããÖãè Ìã ÍããÔã‡ãŠãè¾ã ¹ãÆ¾ããñØãÍããßñ ´ãÀã Øãì¥ããä¶ã¾ãâ¨ã¥ããÞãñ

ãäÌãÓã¾ã Öã¦ããßÊ¾ãã ØãñÊãñ.

Öñ „§ãÀ ½ãã¶¾ã ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ãã•ããñØãñ ¶ããÖãè ‡ãŠãÀ¥ã ‚ããÌãÍ¾ã‡ãŠ ‚ãÔãÊãñÊãã ãä¶ããä£ã ½ãÖãÀãÓ›È ÍããÔã¶ãã´ãÀñ

¹ãÆãªñãäÍã‡ãŠ ‚ããä£ã‡ãŠãÀãè, ½ããØãÃ ¹ããäÀÌãÖ¶ã Ìã ÀãÓ›Èãè¾ã ½ãÖã½ããØãÃ ½ãâ¨ããÊã¾ãã •ãÌãß ŸñÌã¥¾ãã¦ã ‚ããÊãã ¶ããÖãè,

Öñ ‡ãŠñâªÆãè¾ã ½ããØãÃ ãä¶ããä£ã ãä¶ã¾ã½ã, 2007 Þ¾ãã ¦ãÀ¦ãìªãè ãäÌãÂ® Öãñ¦ãñ. ¾ããŒãñÀãè•ã, ½ããØãÃ ¹ããäÀÌãÖ¶ã Ìã

ÀãÓ›Èãè¾ã ½ãÖã½ããØãÃ ½ãâ¨ããÊã¾ãã¶ãñ ãä¶ããä£ã ½ããØã¥¾ããºããºã¦ã ãä¶ã¾ã½ãã¦ã ¦ãÀ¦ãîª ¶ããÖãè.

2.1.7.4 ‡ãŠñâªÃãè»ã ºããØãÀ ãäµããä£ã ½ã£ãî¶ã ‡ãŠñÊãñÊãñ ‚ããäµã»ããäºã¦ã ªãÌãñ

½ãÖãÀãÓ›È ÍããÔã¶ãã¶ãñ 'Àã½ã›ñ‡ãŠ - Œãã¹ãã - ¦ãì½ãÔãÀ ½ããØããÃÌãÀãèÊã (Àã•¾ã ½ãÖã½ããØãÃ 249) 33 ãä‡ãŠ.½ããè.

½ã£ããèÊã Þãñ¶ãñ•ã 104/00 ãä‡ãŠ.½ããè. ¦ãñ 119/00 ãä‡ãŠ.½ããè. (` ¶ã„Š ‡ãŠãñ›ãè), 119/00 ãä‡ãŠ.½ããè. ¦ãñ 130/00

ãä‡ãŠ.½ããè. (` 6.60 ‡ãŠãñ›ãè) ‚ãããä¥ã 135/00 ãä‡ãŠ.½ããè. ¦ãñ 142/00 ãä‡ãŠ.½ããè. (` 5.40 ‡ãŠãñ›ãè)' ‚ãÍããè

` 21 ‡ãŠãñ›ãèÞããè ¦ããè¶ã ÀÔ¦ãñ Ôãì£ããÀ ‡ãŠã½ãñ ¹ãÆÔ¦ãããäÌã¦ã ‡ãŠñÊããè (¶ããñÌÖñâºãÀ 2010). ¼ããÀ¦ã ÔãÀ‡ãŠãÀ¶ãñ Ûãã

¦ããè¶ã ÀÔ¦ãñ Ôãì£ããÀ ‡ãŠã½ããâÔããŸãè 21 ‡ãŠãñ›ãè ½ãâ•ãîÀ (•ãã¶ãñÌããÀãè 2011) ‡ãŠñÊãñ. ¹ãÀâ¦ãì ¼ããÀ¦ã ÔãÀ‡ãŠãÀ¶ãñ

‚ã¶ãÌã£ãã¶ãã¶ãñ ` 6.60 ‡ãŠãñ›ãè Ôãì®ã Þãñ¶ãñ•ã 119/00 ãä‡ãŠ.½ããè. ¦ãñ 130/00 ãä‡ãŠ.½ããè. ½ã£ããèÊã ÀÔ¦ãã

‡ãŠã½ããÔããŸãè ½ãâ•ãîÀ ‡ãŠñÊãñ.

ÔããÌãÃ•ããä¶ã‡ãŠ ºããâ£ã‡ãŠã½ã ãäÌã¼ããØã, ¼ãâ¡ãÀãÞ¾ãã ‚ããä¼ãÊãñŒããâÞ¾ãã œã¶ã¶ããè¦ã ‚ãÔãñ „Üã¡‡ãŠãèÔã ‚ããÊãñ ‡ãŠãè

ãäÌã¼ããØãã´ãÀñ •ãã¶ãñÌããÀãè 2011 Þãñ ªãñ¶ã ½ãâ•ãîÀ ‚ããªñÍã (` 21 ‡ãŠãñ›ãè + ` 6.60 ‡ãŠãñ›ãè) †‡ãŠ¨ã ‡ãŠÀŠ¶ã

` 22.55 ‡ãŠãñ›ãèÞãñ †‡ãŠÞã ‡ãŠâ¨ãã› ãäªÊãñ (¶ããñÌÖñâºãÀ 2011). ¾ãããäÍãÌãã¾ã, ‡ãŠã¾ãÃ‡ãŠãÀãè ‚ããä¼ã¾ãâ¦ãã,

ÔããÌãÃ•ããä¶ã‡ãŠ ºããâ£ã‡ãŠã½ã ãäÌã¼ããØã, ¼ãâ¡ãÀã ¾ããâ¶ããè ‚ã£ããèàã‡ãŠ ‚ããä¼ã¾ãâ¦ãã, ÔããÌãÃ•ããä¶ã‡ãŠ ºããâ£ã‡ãŠã½ã ½ãâ¡ß,

¶ããØã¹ãîÀ ¾ããâ¶ãã ÔããªÀ ‡ãŠñÊãñÊ¾ãã ½ãããäÔã‡ãŠ ¹ãÆØã¦ããè ‚ãÖÌããÊãã ½ã£¾ãñ ½ããÞãÃ 2013 ¹ã¾ãÃâ¦ã ` 21 ‡ãŠãñ›ãè

‚ãããä¥ã ` 6.60 ‡ãŠãñ›ãè ¾ãã ½ãâ•ãîÀ À‡ã‹‡ãŠ½ãñÞ¾ãã ãäÌãÀŠ® ‚ã¶ãì‡ãÆŠ½ãñ ` 8.39 ‡ãŠãñ›ãè ‚ãããä¥ã ` 1.92

12‚ã£ããèàã‡ãŠ ‚ããä¼ã¾ãâ¦ãã, ½ããØãÃ ¹ããäÀÌãÖ¶ã Ìã ÀãÓ›Èãè¾ã ½ãÖã½ããØãÃ ½ãâ¨ããÊã¾ã, ½ãâìºãƒÃ ¾ããâÞããè ãä¶ã¾ãìãä‡ã‹¦ã ½ãÖãÀãÓ›È Àã•¾ããÞ¾ãã ‡ãŠñâªÆãè¾ã ½ããØã Ã ãä¶ããä£ã Þããè

‡ãŠã½ãñ ¾ãã‡ãŠÀãè¦ãã ¹ãÆãªñãäÍã‡ãŠ ‚ããä£ã‡ãŠãÀãè ½Ö¥ãî¶ã ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ãã¦ã ‚ããÊããè.

13 ÔããªÀ ‡ãŠñÊãñÊ¾ãã „¹ã¾ããñ•ã¶ã ¹ãÆ½ãã¥ã¹ã¨ãã¦ããèË À‡ã‹‡ãŠ½ãñÞ¾ãã ¦ããè¶ã ›‡ã‹‡ãŠñ (` 1,123.22 ‡ãŠãñ›ãè)


20

‡ãŠãñ›ãè „¹ã¾ããñ•ã¶ã ‡ãŠñÊ¾ãã ºããºã¦ã ¶ã½ãîª ‡ãŠñÊãñ (†ãä¹ãÆÊã 2013). ÖñÞã ‚ãã‡ãŠ¡ñ ½ãÖãÀãÓ›È ÍããÔã¶ãã¶ãñ ¼ããÀ¦ã

ÔãÀ‡ãŠãÀÊãã Öãè ‡ãŠßãäÌãÊãñ Öãñ¦ãñ (†ãä¹ãÆÊã 2013).

½ãÖãÀãÓ›È ÍããÔã¶ãã¶ãñ ¼ããÀ¦ã ÔãÀ‡ãŠãÀÊãã ` 6.60 ‡ãŠãñ›ãè ¹ãÀ¦ã ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ãã†ñÌã•ããè ½ãããäÔã‡ãŠ ¹ãÆØã¦ããè

‚ãÖÌããÊãã ´ãÀñ ‡ãŠã½ããÞ¾ãã ¹ãÆØã¦ããèÞããè Þãìãä‡ãŠÞããè ½ãããäÖ¦ããè ÔããªÀ ‡ãŠñÊããè ‚ãããä¥ã ` 1.92 ‡ãŠãñ›ãè Þãã

‚ããä¶ã¾ããä½ã¦ã ¹ãÆãä¦ã¹ãî¦ããèÃÞãã ªãÌãã ‡ãŠñÊãã. ½ãÖãÀãÓ›È ÍããÔã¶ã ¼ããÀ¦ã ÔãÀ‡ãŠãÀÊãã ¹ãÆãä¦ã¹ãî¦ããèÃÔããŸãè †‡ãŠãä̈ ã¦ã

ªãÌãã ÔããªÀ ‡ãŠÀãè¦ã ‚ãÔãÊ¾ãã½ãìßñ ¼ããÀ¦ã ÔãÀ‡ãŠãÀ¶ãñ ` 1.92 ‡ãŠãñ›ãèÞãã ªãÌãã ½ãã¶¾ã ‡ãŠñÊãã ãä‡ãŠâÌãã ¶ããÖãè

Öñ ÊãñŒãã¹ãÀãèàãã ´ãÀñ ¦ã¹ããÔã¦ãã ‚ããÊãñ ¶ããÖãè.

2.1.7.5 •ããªã ‡ãŠ•ãÀ ‡ãŠã¤¥ãñ

ØãÆã½ããè¥ã ¹ãã¾ãã¼ãî¦ã ÔãìãäÌã£ãã ãäÌã‡ãŠãÔã ãä¶ããä£ã ‚ãâ¦ãØãÃ¦ã ¹ãÆ‡ãŠÊ¹ã ½ãâ•ãîÀ ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ããÔããŸãè ‚ãÔãÊãñÊ¾ãã ‚ã›ãè Ìã

Íã¦ããèÃâ ¹ãÆ½ãã¥ãñ ÀãÓ›Èãè¾ã ‡ãŠðãäÓã †Ìã½ãá ØãÆã½ããè¥ã ãäÌã‡ãŠãÔã ºãú‡ãŠñ¶ãñ (¶ããºãã¡Ã) ‡ãŠ•ããÃÞ¾ãã À‡ãŠ½ãñÞãñ ½ãããäÔã‡ãŠ

ãäÌã¦ãÀ¥ã ½ãÖãÀãÓ›È ÍããÔã¶ãã¶ãñ ÔããªÀ ‡ãŠñÊãñÊ¾ãã ŒãÞããÃÞ¾ãã ãäÌãÌãÀ¥ããÌãÀ ‚ãã£ãããäÀ¦ã ‡ãŠÀ¥ãñ ‡ãŠÀãÀ

ãä¶ããäÌãÓ› ‡ãŠñÊãñ ‚ããÖñ. ‚ãÍãã Àãè¦ããè¶ãñ ãäÌã¦ãÀ¥ã ‡ãŠñÊãñÊãñ ‡ãŠ•ãÃ ŒãÞããÃÞ¾ãã ãäÌãÌãÀ¥ã ¹ã¨ãã¦ã ªãŒããäÌãÊãñÊ¾ãã

À‡ãŠ½ãñÞ¾ãã 80 ›‡ã‹‡ã‹¾ããâ¹ã¾ãÃâ¦ã ½ã¾ããÃãäª¦ã ÀããäÖÊã ‚ãããä¥ã ½ãÖãÀãÓ›È ÍããÔã¶ã ŒãÞããÃÞ¾ãã „ÌãÃãäÀ¦ã 20

›‡ã‹‡ã‹¾ããâÞãã ¼ããÀ ÔããñÔãñÊã.

ÞããÞã¥ããè ¦ã¹ããÔã¥ããè ‡ãŠñÊãñÊ¾ãã 29 ãäÌã¼ããØãã¹ãõ‡ãŠãè ¶ã„Š ãäÌã¼ããØãã¦ã, ‡ãŠã¾ãÃ‡ãŠãÀãè ‚ããä¼ã¾ãâ¦¾ããâ¶ããè 44

‡ãŠã½ããâÞ¾ãã ºããºã¦ããè¦ã, ‡ãŠã½ããâÌãÀ ¢ããÊãñÊ¾ãã ¹ãÆ¦¾ãàã ŒãÞããÃ†ñÌã•ããè Ìãã¤ãèÌã ŒãÞãÃ ‡ãŠßÌãî¶ã ` 6.18

‡ãŠãñ›ãèâÞãã •ããªã ªãÌãã ‡ãŠñÊãã. ¦¾ããÞã¹ãÆ½ãã¥ãñ, ÔããÌãÃ•ããä¶ã‡ãŠ ºããâ£ã‡ãŠã½ã ãäÌã¼ããØã, ãäÖâØããñÊããè ½ã£¾ãñ "¹ãÀßãè-

ºããñÀãè-ÔããÌãâ¦ã ½ããØããÃÞ¾ãã Þãñ¶ãñ•ã 01/000 ãä‡ãŠ.½ããè.¦ãñ 03/700 ãä‡ãŠ.½ããè. ½ã£¾ãñ Ôãì£ããÀ¥ãã" Öñ ‡ãŠã½ã

ÀãÓ›Èãè¾ã ‡ãŠðãäÓã †Ìã½ãá ØãÆã½ããè¥ã ãäÌã‡ãŠãÔã ºãú‡ãŠ (¶ããºãã¡Ã) ¶ãñ ªãñ¶ãªã, ØãÆã½ããè¥ã ¹ãã¾ãã¼ãî¦ã ÔãìãäÌã£ãã ãäÌã‡ãŠãÔã

ãä¶ããä£ã XV ‚ãâ¦ãØãÃ¦ã ½ãâ•ãîÀ ‡ãŠñÊãñ (½ããÞãÃ 2010). ¹ããäÀ¥ãã½ããè, ` 14.17 Êãàã †Ìã¤ãè ‡ãŠ•ããÃÞããè À‡ã‹‡ãŠ½ã

•ããÔ¦ã ªñ¥¾ãã¦ã ‚ããÊããè.

‡ãŠã¾ãÃ‡ãŠãÀãè ‚ããä¼ã¾ãâ¦ãã, ÔããÌãÃ•ããä¶ã‡ãŠ ºããâ£ã‡ãŠã½ã ãäÌã¼ããØã, ãäÖâØããñÊããè ¾ããâ¶ããè ÌãÔ¦ãìãäÔ©ã¦ããè ÔÌããè‡ãŠãÀ ‡ãŠñÊãã è

(•ãî¶ã 2013) ‚ãããä¥ã ¶ã½ãîª ‡ãŠñÊãñ ‡ãŠãè ¦ãñ ‡ãŠã½ã ÌãØãß¥¾ããÞãñ ¹ãÆÔ¦ãããäÌã¦ã ‡ãŠñÊãñ ‚ããÖñ.

•ãìÊãõ 2013 ¹ã¾ãÃâ¦ã ¶ããºãã¡Ã¶ãñ Öñ ‡ãŠã½ã ÌãØãßÊãñÊãñÖãè ¶ãÌÖ¦ãñ ‚ãããä¥ã ¹ãì¤ñ ãä½ãßãÊãñÊ¾ãã À‡ã‹‡ãŠ½ããâ¦ãî¶ã

‚ããä¦ããäÀ‡ã‹¦ã ãä½ãßãÊãñÊããè À‡ã‹‡ãŠ½ã ` 14.17 Êãàã Ôã½ãã¾ããñãä•ã¦ãÖãè ‡ãŠñÊããè ¶ãÌÖ¦ããè.

2.1.7.6 ãäµããä£ãâÞ»ãã „ñÍ»ããâÞãñ ‚ããäµã¾ããä½ã¦ã ¹ããäÀÌã¦ãÃ¶ã

Àã•¾ã ÍããÔã¶ãã¶ãñ ãäªÊãñÊãã ãä¶ããä£ã Öã ãäÌããä¶ããäªÃÓ› ºããºããèâÌãÀÞã Ìãã¹ãÀÊãã ¹ãããäÖ•ãñ. ¦ã©ãããä¹ã, ŒããÊããèÊã

ºããºããèâ½ã£¾ãñ ãä¶ããä£ãâÞ¾ãã „ñÍ¾ããâÞãñ ¹ããäÀÌã¦ãÃ¶ã ‚ãã¤ßî¶ã ‚ããÊãñ.

‡ãŠñâªÃãè»ã ºããØãÀ ãäµããä£ã (‡ãŠñâ.ºãã.ãäµã.)

ÔããÌãÃ•ããä¶ã‡ãŠ ºããâ£ã‡ãŠã½ã ãäÌã¼ããØã, ¶ããâªñ¡ ½ã£¾ãñ 2011-12 ¾ãã ÌãÓããÃ¦ã ‡ãŠñâªÆãè¾ã ½ããØãÃ ãä¶ããä£ã ‚ãâ¦ãØãÃ¦ã

ãä½ãßãÊãñÊãã ` 5.53 ‡ãŠãñ›ãè ãä¶ããä£ã „ñÍ¾ããÞãñ ¹ããäÀÌãÃ¦ã¶ã ‡ãŠÀŠ¶ã ¶ããâªñ¡ ãä•ãÊÖ¿ããÞ¾ãã ‚ã£ããÃ¹ãîÀ ÍãÖÀãÊãã

Ìãß¥ã ÀÔ¦ãã ºããâ£ã¥¾ãã‡ãŠãäÀ¦ãã •ããä½ããä¶ãÞãñ Ôãâ¹ããª¶ã ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ããÔããŸãè ãäÌãÍãñÓã ¼ãîÔãâ¹ããª¶ã ‚ããä£ã‡ãŠãÅ ¾ããÊãã

(ãäÌã.¼ãî.Ôãâ.‚ã.) ªñ¥¾ãã¦ã ‚ããÊãã. ¦¾ããÞã ¹ãÆ½ãã¥ãñ, ÔããÌãÃ•ããä¶ã‡ãŠ ºããâ£ã‡ãŠã½ã ãäÌã¼ããØã - II, ÔããñÊãã¹ãîÀÊãã


21

‡ãŠñâªÆãè¾ã ½ããØãÃ ãä¶ããä£ã ‚ãâ¦ãØãÃ¦ã ãä½ãßãÊãñÊãñ ` 44.64 Êãàã ‡ãŠñâªÆãè¾ã ½ããØãÃ ãä¶ããä£ã ‚ãâ¦ãØãÃ¦ã ½ãâ•ãîÀ ¶ã

¢ããÊãñÊ¾ãã ‡ãŠã½ããâÔããŸãè ¹ããäÀÌããä¦ãÃ¦ã ‡ãŠñÊ¾ãã ØãñÊãñ.

‡ãŠã¾ãÃ‡ãŠãÀãè ‚ããä¼ã¾ãâ¦ãã, ÔããÌãÃ•ããä¶ã‡ãŠ ºããâ£ã‡ãŠã½ã ãäÌã¼ããØã, ¶ããâªñ¡ ¾ããâ¶ããè ¶ã½ãîª ‡ãŠñÊãñ (•ãìÊãõ 2013) ‡ãŠãè

ãäÌãÍãñÓã ¼ãîÔãâ¹ããª¶ã ‚ããä£ã‡ãŠãÀãè ¾ããâ¶ããè ½ãÖãÀãÓ›È ÍããÔã¶ãã´ãÀñ ¼ãîÔãâ¹ããª¶ãã‡ãŠãäÀ¦ãã ãä¶ããä£ã ¹ãÆã¹¦ã

¢ããÊ¾ããÌãÀ ` 5.53 ‡ãŠãñ›ãè ¹ãõ‡ãŠãè ` 2.57 ‡ãŠãñ›ãè À‡ã‹‡ãŠ½ã ¹ãÀ¦ã ‡ãŠñÊããè.

ãä¶ãØãÃ½ã¶ã ¹ããäÀÓãªñ¦ã ÔããäÞãÌã (½ããØãÃ), ÔããÌãÃ•ããä¶ã‡ãŠ ºããâ£ã‡ãŠã½ã ãäÌã¼ããØã ¾ããâ¶ããè ÊãñŒãã¹ãÀãèàãã ãä¶ãÀãèàã¥ã

ÔÌããè‡ãŠãÀ ‡ãŠñÊãñ (‚ããù‡ã‹›ãñºãÀ 2013).

ãäÌã§ã ‚ãã»ããñØã-XIII

¶ã„Š ãäÌã¼ããØããâ¦ã, ãäÌã§ã ‚ãã¾ããñØã-XIII ‚ãâ¦ãØãÃ¦ã 51 ‡ãŠã½ããâÔããŸãè ½ãâ•ãîÀ ‡ãŠñÊãñÊãñ ` ‚ããŸ ‡ãŠãñ›ãè ½ãâ•ãîÀ

¢ããÊãñÊ¾ãã ‡ãŠã½ããâ†ñÌã•ããè ƒ¦ãÀ ‡ãŠã½ããâÌãÀ ŒãÞãÃ ‡ãŠñÊ¾ãã ØãñÊãñ.

ãä¶ãØãÃ½ã¶ã ¹ããäÀÓãªñ¦ã, ÔããäÞãÌã (½ããØãÃ), ÔããÌãÃ•ããä¶ã‡ãŠ ºããâ£ã‡ãŠã½ã ãäÌã¼ããØãã¶ãñ ÊãñŒãã¹ãÀãèàãã ãä¶ãÀãèàã¥ã

ÔÌããè‡ãŠãÀÊãñ (‚ããù‡ã‹›ãñºãÀ 2013) ‚ãããä¥ã ÔããâãäØã¦ãÊãñ ‡ãŠãè •¾ãã „ñÍ¾ããÔããŸãè ãä¶ããä£ã ½ãâ•ãîÀ ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ãã¦ã

‚ããÊãã ¦¾ããÞã „ñÍ¾ããÔããŸãè ¦¾ããÞãã „¹ã¾ããñØã ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ããºããºã¦ã ‚ããÌãÍ¾ã‡ãŠ ãä¶ãªñÃÍã ãä¶ãØãÃãä½ã¦ã ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ãã¦ã

¾ãñ¦ããèÊã.

½ãÓ›Èãè»ã ‡ãŠðãäÓã †Ìãºãá ØãÃãºããè¥ã ãäÌã‡ãŠãÔã ¸ãú‡ãŠ (µãã¸ãã¡À)

ÔããÌãÃ•ããä¶ã‡ãŠ ºããâ£ã‡ãŠã½ã ãäÌã¼ããØã, ÔããñÊãã¹ãîÀ ½ã£¾ãñ ÀãÓ›Èãè¾ã ‡ãŠðãäÓã †Ìã½ãá ØãÆã½ããè¥ã ãäÌã‡ãŠãÔã ºãú‡ãŠ (¶ããºãã¡Ã)

‚ãâ¦ãØãÃ¦ã ‡ãŠã½ãã‡ãŠãäÀ¦ãã ‚ãÔãÊãñÊãñ ` 2.34 ‡ãŠãñ›ãè, ÀãÓ›Èãè¾ã ‡ãŠðãäÓã †Ìã½ãá ØãÆã½ããè¥ã ãäÌã‡ãŠãÔã ºãú‡ãŠ (¶ããºãã¡Ã)

‚ãâ¦ãØãÃ¦ã ½ãâ•ãîÀ ¶ã ¢ããÊãñÊ¾ãã 28 ‡ãŠã½ããâ‡ãŠÀ¦ãã ¹ããäÀÌããä¦ãÃ¦ã ‡ãŠñÊ¾ãã ØãñÊãñ (2011-12).

ãä¶ãØãÃ½ã¶ã ¹ããäÀÓãªñ¦ã ÔããäÞãÌã (½ããØãÃ), ÔããÌãÃ•ããä¶ã‡ãŠ ºããâ£ã‡ãŠã½ã ãäÌã¼ããØãã¶ãñ ÊãñŒãã¹ãÀãèàãã ãä¶ãÀãèàã¥ã

ÔÌããè‡ãŠãÀÊãñ (‚ããù‡ã‹›ãñºãÀ 2013) ‚ãããä¥ã ÔããâãäØã¦ãÊãñ ‡ãŠãè •¾ãã „ñÍ¾ããÔããŸãè ãä¶ããä£ã ½ãâ•ãîÀ ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ãã¦ã

‚ããÊãã ¦¾ããÞã „ñÍ¾ããÔããŸãè ¦¾ããÞãã „¹ã¾ããñØã ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ããºããºã¦ã ‚ããÌãÍ¾ã‡ãŠ ãä¶ãªñÃÍã ãä¶ãØãÃãä½ã¦ã ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ãã¦ã

¾ãñ¦ããèÊã.

2.1.8 ‡ãŠã»ãÀ‡ãÃŠºããâÞãñ ‡ãŠã»ããÀµÌã»ãµã

ÊãñŒãã¹ãÀãèàã¥ããÔããŸãè ãä¶ãÌã¡ÊãñÊ¾ãã 31 ½ããÞãÃ 2013 ¹ã¾ãÃâ¦ã ¹ãî¥ãÃ, ¹ãÆØã¦ããè¦ã ‚ãÔãÊãñÊãñ ‚ãããä¥ã ‚ã¹ãî¥ãÃ

Ôããñ¡ÊãñÊ¾ãã ‡ãŠã½ããâÞãã ¦ã¹ãÍããèÊã ¦ã‡ã‹¦ãã 5 ½ã£¾ãñ ªÍãÃãäÌãÊãã ‚ããÖñ.

¦ã‡ã‹¦ãã 5: ÊãñŒãã·ã½ãèàãã ·ã¡¦ããß¥ããèÔããŸãè ãäµãÌã¡ÊãñÊããè ·ãî¥ãÀ, ·ãÃØã¦ããè¦ã ‚ãÔãÊãñÊããè Ìã ‚ã·ãî¥ãÀ Ôããñ¡ÊãñÊããè

‡ãŠãºãñ

ãä¶ããä£ãÞãã Ô¨ããñ¦ã ÊãñŒãã¹ãÀãèàãã

·ã¡¦ããß¥ããèÔããŸãè

ãä¶ãÌã¡ÊãñÊããè ‡ãŠãºãñ

·ãî¥ãÀ ¢ããÊãñÊããè ‡ãŠãºãñ ·ãÃØã¦ããè¦ã ‚ãÔãÊãñÊããè

‡ãŠãºãñ

‚ã·ãî¥ãÀ Ôããñ¡ÊãñÊããè ‡ãŠãºãñ

ÔãâŒ»ãã ` ‡ãŠãñ›ãè ÔãâŒ»ãã ` ‡ãŠãñ›ãè ÔãâŒ»ãã ` ‡ãŠãñ›ãè ÔãâŒ»ãã ` ‡ãŠãñ›ãè

‡ãŠñ¶ªÆãè¾ã ½ããØãÃ ãä¶ããä£ã 119 688.73 51 259.06 67 424.67 1 5.00

ãäÌã§ã ‚ãã¾ããñØã -XIII 306 317.29 27 29.82 279 287.47 - -

¶ããºãã¡Ã 103 130.50 34 28.13 68 101.57 1 0.80

(Ô¨ããñ¦ã : ‡ãŠã¾ãÃ‡ãŠãÀãè ‚ããä¼ã¾ãâ¦ãã ´ãÀã ÔããªÀ ‡ãŠñÊãñÊãñ ½ãâ•ãìÀãè ‚ããªñÍã, „¹ã¾ããñãäØã¦ãã ¹ãÆ½ãã¥ã¹ã¨ãñ, ½ãããäÔã‡ãŠ ¹ãÆØã¦ããè ‚ãÖÌããÊã ‚ãããä¥ã ÞããÊãî ÊãñŒãã

ªñ¾ã‡ãŠñ)


23

(Ôã¹›ñâºãÀ 1998) ãäªÊãñ. Àã•¾ããÞ¾ãã ãä¶ããä£ã ›âÞããƒÃ ½ãìßñ ÔãìÀŠ ‚ãÔãÊãñÊãñ ¹ãìÊããÞãñ ‡ãŠã½ã Ìã ¦¾ããÞ¾ãã

¹ããñÞã½ããØããÃÞãñ ‡ãŠã½ã ½ãÖãÀãÓ›È ÍããÔã¶ãã¶ãñ ‡ãŠñâªÆãè¾ã ½ããØãÃ ãä¶ããä£ã ‚ãâ¦ãØãÃ¦ã ¹ãÆÔ¦ãããäÌã¦ã ‡ãŠñÊãñ Ìã ¼ããÀ¦ã

ÔãÀ‡ãŠãÀ¶ãñ ¾ããÔããŸãè ` 4.05 ‡ãŠãñ›ãè ½ãâ•ãîÀ ‡ãŠñÊãñ (¹ãŠñºãÆìÌããÀãè 2004). ‡ãŠã¾ãÃ‡ãŠãÀãè ‚ããä¼ã¾ãâ¦ãã¶ãñ

¹ãìÊããÔããŸãè ¹ããñÞã ÀÔ¦ãã ºããâ£ã¥¾ããÞãñ ‡ãŠã½ã ` 73.79 Êãàã ãä‡ãŠâ½ã¦ããèÌãÀ ºãÖãÊã ‡ãŠñÊãñ (¶ããñÌÖñâºãÀ

2005).

ÊãñŒãã¹ãÀãèàãã œã¶ã¶ããè¦ã ‚ãÔãñ „Üã¡‡ãŠãèÔã ‚ããÊãñ ‡ãŠãè ¹ãîÊããÞ¾ãã ‡ãŠã½ããÞ¾ãã ½ãâª Øã¦ããè ½ãìßñ (‡ãŠñâªÆãè¾ã

½ããØãÃ ãä¶ããä£ã ŒããÊããè Ôã½ãããäÌãÓ› ‡ãŠñÊ¾ãã¶ãâ¦ãÀÖãè) ` 2.37 ‡ãŠãñ›ãè ŒãÞãÃ ¢ããÊ¾ãã¶ãâ¦ãÀ ¦ãñ ‡ãŠâ¨ãã›

‡ãŠã¤î¶ã Üãñ¥¾ãã¦ã ‚ããÊãñ (¶ããñÌÖñâºãÀ 2007). ¹ãîÊããÞãñ ‡ãŠã½ã ‚ã¹ãî¥ãÃ ÀããäÖÊ¾ãã¶ãñ ¹ããñÞã ÀÔ¦¾ããÞ¾ãã

ºããâ£ã‡ãŠã½ããÌãÀ ¹ããäÀ¥ãã½ã ¢ããÊãã ‚ãããä¥ã ¦¾ãã½ãìßñ ¹ããñÞã ÀÔ¦¾ããÞ¾ãã ‡ãŠã½ããÞãñ ‡ãŠâ¨ãã› Ôãì®ã,

` 25.30 Êãàã ŒãÞãÃ ¢ããÊ¾ããÌãÀ ‡ãŠã¤î¶ã Üãñ¥¾ãã¦ã ‚ããÊãñ (‚ããù‡ã‹›ãñºãÀ 2010).

‡ãŠâ¨ãã› ‡ãŠã¤î¶ã Üãñ¦ãñ Ìãñßãè, „ÌãÃãäÀ¦ã ‡ãŠã½ããÞãñ ½ãîÊ¾ã ` 1.36 ‡ãŠãñ›ãè Öãñ¦ãñ Ìã ¦¾ããÞãñ Ôãì£ãããäÀ¦ã

½ãîÊ¾ã ` 6.56 ‡ãŠãñ›ãè ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ãã¦ã ‚ããÊãñ (‚ããùØãÔ› 2011). „ÌãÃãäÀ¦ã ‡ãŠã½ããâÞãñ (¹ãîÊã Ìã ¹ããñÞã ½ããØãÃ)

Ôãâãä½ãÑã ‡ãŠâ¨ãã›, Àã•¾ã ãä¶ããä£ã ½ã£ãî¶ã ` 8.23 ‡ãŠãñ›ãèâ¶ãã, 18 ½ããäÖ¶¾ãã¦ã ‡ãŠã½ã ¹ãî¥ãÃ

‡ãŠÀ¥¾ããÔããŸãè, ¹ãì¶ã: ªñ¥¾ãã¦ã ‚ããÊãñ (¹ãŠñºãÆìÌããÀãè 2013). •ãìÊãõ 2013 ¹ã¾ãÃâ¦ã ‡ãŠã½ããÌãÀ ` 59 Êãàã

ŒãÞãÃ ¢ããÊãã.

½ã£¾ãâ¦ãÀãè •ãã¶ãñÌããÀãè 2011 ½ã£¾ãñ, ½ãÖãÀãÓ›È ÍããÔã¶ãã¶ãñ ¼ããÀ¦ã ÔãÀ‡ãŠãÀÊãã ` 2.71 ‡ãŠãñ›ãè

ŒãÞããÃ¦ã ‡ãŠã½ã Ôãâ¦ããñÓã•ã¶ã‡ãŠ ¹ãî¥ãÃ ¢ããÊ¾ããÞãñ ‡ãŠßãäÌãÊãñ. ¹ãî¥ãÃ¦ãã ‚ãÖÌããÊããÊãã •ããñ¡ÊãñÊ¾ãã

œã¾ãããäÞã¨ãã¶ãñ ªñŒããèÊã ¹ãîÊã Ìã ¦¾ããÞãñ ¹ããñÞã ½ããØãÃ ¹ãî¥ãÃ ¢ããÊ¾ããÞããè Ôã½ã•ãî¦ã Öãñ¦ãñ. ¦ã©ãããä¹ã,

ÊãñŒãã¹ãÀãèàãã ãäÌã¼ããØãã¶ãñ ãäÌã¼ããØããè¾ã ‚ããä£ã‡ãŠãÅ ¾ããâ Ôã½ãÌãñ¦ã ‡ãŠñÊãñÊ¾ãã ¹ãÆ‡ãŠÊ¹ããÞ¾ãã ¹ãÆ¦¾ãàã

¹ã¡¦ããß¥ããè¦ã (•ãî¶ã 2013) ‚ãÔãñ „Üã¡‡ãŠãèÔã ‚ããÊãñ ‡ãŠãè ¶ãã ¹ãîÊã ¶ãã ¦¾ããÞãã ¹ããñÞã½ããØãÃ ¹ãî¥ãÃ ¢ããÊãã

Öãñ¦ãã, •ãñ ¹ãì¤ãèÊã œã¾ãããäÞã¨ããâÌãÀŠ¶ã Êãàãã¦ã ¾ãñ¦ãñ.

·ãÃ‡ãŠÊ·ã ·ãî¥ãÀ¦ãã ‚ãÖÌããÊãã¦ã •ããñ¡ÊãñÊãñ œã»ãããäÞã¨ã

(•ããµãñÌãã½ãè 2011)

ÊãñŒãã·ã½ãèàãã ãäÌã¹ããØããµãñ Üãñ¦ãÊãñÊãñ œã»ãããäÞã¨ã

(27 •ãîµã 2013)

‚ãÍãã¹ãÆ‡ãŠãÀñ, ½ãÖãÀãÓ›È ÍããÔã¶ãã¶ãñ ¼ããÀ¦ã ÔãÀ‡ãŠãÀÊãã •ãã¶ãñÌããÀãè 2011 ½ã£¾ãñ ãäªÍãã¼ãîÊã ‡ãŠÀ¥ããÀã

‚ãÖÌããÊã ¹ããŸãäÌãÊãã. ãäÍãÌãã¾ã, ‡ãŠã½ã ¹ãÆãÀâ¼ããÞ¾ãã (Ôã¹›ñâºãÀ 1998) 15 ÌãÓããÃâ¶ãâ¦ãÀÖãè ¹ãÆ‡ãŠÊ¹ã ¹ãî¥ãÃ

Öãñ„Š Íã‡ãŠÊãã ¶ããÖãè. ¹ãŠñºãÆìÌããÀãè 2013 ½ã£¾ãñ ¹ãì¶Öã ‡ãŠã½ã ªñ¥¾ããÞãñ Ìãñßãè, ‚ãã£ããèÞã


24

` 6.87 ‡ãŠãñ›ãèâÞããè

14

ŒãÞããÃ¦ã Ìãã¤ ¢ããÊããè Öãñ¦ããè. ØããÌããâ¶ãã ÀÔ¦¾ãã¶ãñ •ããñ¡¥ãñ Öñ „ãäÓ› Ôãì®ã

Ôãã£¾ã ¢ããÊãñ ¶ããÖãè.

½ãÖãÀãÓ›È ÍããÔã¶ãã¶ãñ, '¶ãÀŒãñ¡ ¦ããÊãì‡ã‹¾ãã¦ããèÊã •ãã½ãØããÌã-©ã¡ãè¹ãÌã¶ããè ½ããØããÃÌãÀ Ìã£ããÃ ¶ãªãèÌãÀ ½ããñŸã

¹ãîÊã ºããâ£ã¥¾ããÞãñ' ‡ãŠã½ã ‡ãŠñâªÆãè¾ã ½ããØãÃ ãä¶ããä£ã ½ã£¾ãñ Ôã½ãããäÌãÓ› ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ããÞãã ¹ãÆÔ¦ããÌã ¼ããÀ¦ã

ÔãÀ‡ãŠãÀÊãã ÔããªÀ (½ãñ 2008) ‡ãŠñÊãã. ‡ãŠã½ããÞ¾ãã Ì¾ãããä¹¦ã¦ã ¹ãîÊã ‚ãããä¥ã ¦¾ããÞãñ ¹ããñÞã½ããØãÃ ¾ããâÞãã

Ôã½ããÌãñÍã Öãñ¦ãã. ¼ããÀ¦ã ÔãÀ‡ãŠãÀ¶ãñ ¦ãñ ‡ãŠã½ã ‡ãŠñâªÆãè¾ã ½ããØãÃ ãä¶ããä£ã ‚ãâ¦ãØãÃ¦ã ` 3.75 ‡ãŠãñ›ãèâ¶ãã

½ãâ•ãîÀ (‚ããùØãÔ› 2008) ‡ãŠñÊãñ.

‡ãŠã¾ãÃ‡ãŠãÀãè ‚ããä¼ã¾ãâ¦ãã, ÔããÌãÃ•ããä¶ã‡ãŠ ºããâ£ã‡ãŠã½ã ãäÌã¼ããØã-II, ¶ããØã¹ãîÀ ¾ããâÞ¾ãã ‚ããä¼ãÊãñŒããâÞ¾ãã

œã¶ã¶ããè¦ã ‚ãÔãñ ãä¶ãªÍãÃ¶ããÔã ‚ããÊãñ ‡ãŠãè Öñ ‡ãŠã½ã ` 3.45 ‡ãŠãñ›ãè †Ìã¤¿ãã ãä‡ãŠâ½ã¦ããè¦ã ‚ããùØãÔ›

2010 ¹ã¾ãÃâ¦ã ¹ãî¥ãÃ ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ãã‡ãŠãäÀ¦ãã ãäªÊãñ Öãñ¦ãñ (¹ãŠñºãÆìÌããÀãè 2009). ½ãÖãÀãÓ›È ÍããÔã¶ãã¶ãñ ¾ãã

‡ãŠã½ããÞãã ¹ãÆ‡ãŠÊ¹ã ¹ãî¥ãÃ¦ãã ‚ãÖÌããÊã (PCR) ¼ããÀ¦ã ÔãÀ‡ãŠãÀÊãã ÔããªÀ ‡ãŠñÊãã (•ãî¶ã 2011). ¦ã©ãããä¹ã,

¹ããñÞã½ããØããÃÞãñ ‡ãŠã½ã Üãñ¥¾ãã¦ã ‚ããÊãñ ¶ãÌÖ¦ãñ.

‚ã£ããèàã‡ãŠ ‚ããä¼ã¾ãâ¦ãã, ÔããÌãÃ•ããä¶ã‡ãŠ ºããâ£ã‡ãŠã½ã ½ãâ¡ß, ¶ããØã¹ãîÀ ¾ããâ¶ããè ¹ããñÞãÀÔ¦¾ããÞãñ ºããâ£ã‡ãŠã½ã

` 39.16 Êãàã ‡ãŠÀãè¦ãã ½ãâ•ãîÀ (•ãìÊãõ 2012) ‡ãŠñÊãñ. ½ãñ 2013 ¹ã¾ãÃâ¦ã ‡ãŠã½ã ¹ãî¥ãÃ ¢ããÊãñ ¶ãÌÖ¦ãñ

‡ãŠãÀ¥ã ` 4.33 Êãàã

15

À‡ãŠ½ãñÞ¾ãã ºããºããèâÞãñ ‡ãŠã½ããÞ¾ãã Ì¾ãããä¹¦ã¶ãìÔããÀ ãä¶ãÓ¹ããª¶ã ‡ãŠÀãÌã¾ããÞãñ

ÀããäÖÊãñ Öãñ¦ãñ.

ãäÌã¼ããØããè¾ã ‚ããä£ã‡ãŠãÅ ¾ããâÔã½ãÌãñ¦ã Ôãâ¾ãì‡ã‹¦ã ¦ã¹ããÔã¥ããè (½ãñ 2013) ªÀ½¾ãã¶ã ‚ãÔãñ ‚ãã¤ßî¶ã ‚ããÊãñ ‡ãŠãè

¹ãîÊãã‡ãŠÀ¦ãã ¹ããñÞã½ããØãÃ ¹ãî¥ãÃ ¢ããÊãñÊãñ ¶ãÌÖ¦ãñ ‚ãããä¥ã ªØã¡½ãã¦ããè ÌãØãõÀñÞãã ãä¤ØããÀã ‡ãŠã½ããÞ¾ãã •ããØããèÞã

¹ã¡ÊãñÊãã Öãñ¦ãã. ¾ãã¹ãÆ‡ãŠãÀñ, ½ãÖãÀãÓ›È ÍããÔã¶ãã´ãÀñ •ãî¶ã 2011 ½ã£¾ãñ ¼ããÀ¦ã ÔãÀ‡ãŠãÀÊãã ÔããªÀ

‡ãŠñÊãñÊãã ¹ãÆ‡ãŠÊ¹ã ¹ãî¥ãÃ¦ãã ‚ãÖÌããÊã Œããñ›ñ ¹ãÆãä¦ãÌãð§ã ªñ¥ãñ ªÍãÃãäÌã¦ãñ.

½ãÖãÀãÓ›È ÍããÔã¶ãã¶ãñ '‚ãã¹ãñØããâÌã-‡ãŠìÀ¶ããä¹ãâ¹ãÀãè-½ãÖãÀ›ã‡ãŠßãè-Þãã‡ãŠÊããâºãã-ãäÍãâØãÀÌãã¡ãè ½ããØããÃÞ¾ãã

(†Ôã†Þã-155) 1/200 ¦ãñ 23/400 ãä‡ãŠ.½ããè. Þãñ Ôãì£ããÀ¥ãñÞãñ’ ‡ãŠã½ã ‡ãŠñ¶ªÆãè¾ã ½ããØãÃ ãä¶ããä£ã ‚ãâ¦ãØãÃ¦ã

¹ãÆÔ¦ãããäÌã¦ã ‡ãŠñÊãñ (½ãñ 2008). ‡ãŠã½ããÞ¾ãã Ì¾ãããä¹¦ã¦ã †‡ãŠî¥ã 22.20 ãä‡ãŠ.½ããè. Êããâºããè ¹ãõ‡ãŠãè

8.5 ãä‡ãŠ.½ããè. Êããâºããè¦ã ºãß‡ãŠ›ãè‡ãŠÀ¥ã ‡ãŠÀ¥ãñ Ôã½ãããäÌãÓ› Öãñ¦ãñ. ¡ãâºãÀãè‡ãŠÀ¥ã ÀÔ¦¾ããÞ¾ãã ¹ãî¥ãÃ

22.20 ãä‡ãŠ.½ããè. Êããâºããè¦ã ‡ãŠÀãÌã¾ããÞãñ Öãñ¦ãñ. ÌããÖ¶ã-½ããØããÃÞããè ÀŠâªãè 3.70 ½ããè›À Öãñ¦ããè. •ãÀãè

ãäÍãâØããÀÌãã¡ãè ØããÌãã¹ã¾ãÃâ¦ã ÀÔ¦ãã ÞããÊãî ÀãÖ¥¾ããÔããŸãè Þãñ¶ãñ•ã 15/400 ãä‡ãŠ.½ããè. ½ã£¾ãñ †‡ãŠ ¹ãîÊã

‚ã¦¾ããÌãÍ¾ã‡ãŠ Öãñ¦ãã ¦ãÀãèÖãè ¼ããÀ¦ã ÔãÀ‡ãŠãÀÊãã ¹ãÆÔ¦ããÌã ÔããªÀ ‡ãŠÀ¦ããâ¶ãã ¦ããñÞã ÌãØãß¥¾ãã¦ã

‚ããÊãã.

¼ããÀ¦ã ÔãÀ‡ãŠãÀ¶ãñ ºãß‡ãŠ›ãè‡ãŠÀ¥ã Ìã ¡ãâºãÀãè‡ãŠÀ¥ããÔããŸãè ` ¦ããè¶ã ‡ãŠãñ›ãè ½ãâ•ãîÀ ‡ãŠñÊãñ

(‚ããùØãÔ› 2009). ‡ãŠã¾ãÃ‡ãŠãÀãè ‚ããä¼ã¾ãâ¦ãã, ÔããÌãÃ•ããä¶ã‡ãŠ ºããâ£ã‡ãŠã½ã ãäÌã¼ããØã, ºããè¡ ¶ãñ ½ãñ 2011 ½ã£¾ãñ

‡ãŠã½ã ¹ãÆªã¶ã ‡ãŠñÊãñ •ãñ ½ãñ 2012 ¹ã¾ãÃâ¦ã ¹ãî¥ãÃ ‡ãŠÀãÌã¾ããÞãñ Öãñ¦ãñ. ÊãñŒãã¹ãÀãèàãñÔã ‚ãÔãñ ãä¶ãªÍãÃ¶ããÔã

14 ` 8.23 ‡ãŠãñ›ãè Ìã•ãã ` 1.36 ‡ãŠãñ›ãè

15ÀÔ¦¾ãã‡ãŠÀ¦ãã Œããñª‡ãŠã½ã ‚ãããä¥ã ¦ãñ ºãâ£ããÀã, ºãã•ãîÞ¾ãã Øã›ãÀãÔããŸãè ÌããÖî¶ã ¶ãñ¥ãñ (` 2.75 Êãàã) Ìã ¡ãâºãÀ ÊããÌã¥ãñ Ìã ¹ããñÞã½ããØãÃ

(` 1.58 Êãàã)


25

‚ããÊãñ ‡ãŠãè •ãÀãè Ôãâ¹ãî¥ãÃ 22.20 ãä‡ãŠ.½ããè. ½ããØããÃÞãñ ¡ãâºãÀãè‡ãŠÀ¥ã ‡ãŠã½ãã¦ã ‚ãâ¦ã¼ãîÃ¦ã Öãñ¦ãñ ¦ãÀãè

ÔããäÌãÔ¦ãÀ ‚ãâªã•ã¹ã¨ã‡ãŠã¦ã ¦ãñ Ôã½ãããäÌãÓ› ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ãã¦ã ‚ããÊãñ ¶ããÖãè Ìã ‡ãŠã¾ããÃªñÍã ãä¶ãØãÃãä½ã¦ã ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ãã¦ã

‚ããÊãã. ‡ãŠã¾ããÃªñÍãã ½ã£¾ãñ ‚ãâ¦ã¼ãîÃ¦ã Þãñ¶ãñ•ã 4/00 ¦ãñ 8/300 (4.30 ãä‡ãŠ.½ããè.) †ñÌã•ããè ½ããñ•ã¥ããè

¹ãìÔ¦ã‡ãŠã½ã£¾ãñ ¡ãâºãÀãè‡ãŠÀ¥ããÞãñ ‡ãŠã½ã Þãñ¶ãñ•ã 4/00 ¦ãñ 7/720 (3.720 ãä‡ãŠ.½ããè.) ½ã£¾ãñ ‡ãŠñÊ¾ãã ØãñÊãñ

‚ãÔãñ ªÍãÃãäÌãÊãñ Öãñ¦ãñ. ‡ãŠâ¨ãã›ªãÀã¶ãñ ºãß‡ãŠ›ãè‡ãŠÀ¥ã Ìã ¡ãâºãÀãè‡ãŠÀ¥ããÞãñ ‡ãŠã½ã ` 3.15 ‡ãŠãñ›ãè

ãä‡ãŠâ½ã¦ããè¦ã ¹ãî¥ãÃ ‡ãŠñÊãñ (½ãñ 2012). ½ãÖãÀãÓ›È ÍããÔã¶ãã¶ãñ ¼ããÀ¦ã ÔãÀ‡ãŠãÀÊãã (½ããÞãÃ 2013 Þ¾ãã

½ãããäÔã‡ãŠ ¹ãÆØããä¦ã ‚ãÖÌããÊãã´ãÀñ) Ôãâ¹ãî¥ãÃ ÀÔ¦ãã Êããâºããè 22.20 ãä‡ãŠ.½ããè. Þãñ ‡ãŠã½ã ¹ãî¥ãÃ ¢ããÊãñ ‚ãÔãñ

‡ãŠßãäÌãÊãñ (†ãä¹ãÆÊã 2013) ¹ãÀâ¦ãì ¼ããÀ¦ã ÔãÀ‡ãŠãÀÊãã ¹ãÆ‡ãŠÊ¹ã ¹ãî¥ãÃ¦ãã ‚ãÖÌããÊã ÔããªÀ ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ãã¦ã

‚ããÊãã ¶ããÖãè (•ãìÊãõ 2013).

ãäÍãÌãã¾ã, Þãñ¶ãñ•ã 15/400 ãä‡ãŠ.½ããè. ¾ãñ©ããèÊã ¹ãîÊããÞãñ ºããâ£ã‡ãŠã½ã ªìÔãÅ ¾ãã ‡ãŠâ¨ãã›ªãÀãÊãã Àã•¾ã

ãä¶ããä£ã¦ãî¶ã ` 69.68 Êãàã ãä‡ãŠâ½ã¦ããè¦ã ‚ããùØãÔ› 2010 ¹ã¾ãÃâ¦ã ¹ãî¥ãÃ ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ãã‡ãŠãäÀ¦ãã ¹ãÆªã¶ã ‡ãŠñÊãñ

(‚ããùØãÔ› 2009). ‡ãŠã½ããÞ¾ãã •ããØãñÊãã ãäÌã¼ããØããè¾ã ‚ããä£ã‡ãŠãÅ ¾ããâÔã½ãÌãñ¦ã Ôãâ¾ãì‡ã‹¦ã¹ã¥ãñ ¹ãÆ¦¾ãàã ¼ãñ›

ãäªÊããè ‚ãÔã¦ãã (•ãìÊãõ 2013) ‚ãÔãñ ‚ãã¤ßÊãñ ‡ãŠãè Þãñ¶ãñ•ã 7/720 ãä‡ãŠ.½ããè. ¦ãñ 12/500 ãä‡ãŠ.½ããè. ½ã£¾ãñ

¡ãâºãÀãè‡ãŠÀ¥ã Ìã ºãß‡ãŠ›ãè‡ãŠÀ¥ããÞãñ ‡ãŠã½ã ¢ããÊãñ ‚ãÔãÊãñ ¦ãÀãèÖãè ÀÔ¦ãã ½ããñ›À ÌããÖ¦ãì‡ãŠãèÔã ¾ããñØ¾ã

¶ãÌÖ¦ãã. ¹ãîÊããÞãñ ‡ãŠã½ã Ôãì®ã ‚ã¹ãî¥ãÃ Öãñ¦ãñ.

‚ã·ãî¥ãÀ ·ãîÊã

¾ãã¹ãÆ‡ãŠãÀñ, ¼ããÀ¦ã ÔãÀ‡ãŠãÀÊãã ÀÔ¦ãã Ôãì£ããÀ¥ãñÞãã ¹ãÆÔ¦ããÌã ¹ããŸãäÌã¦ãã¶ãã ¹ãîÊããÞãñ ºããâ£ã‡ãŠã½ã

Ôã½ãããäÌãÓ› ¶ã ‡ãŠñÊ¾ãã½ãìßñ ÀÔ¦¾ããÞ¾ãã Ìã ¹ãîÊããÞ¾ãã ‡ãŠã½ããÌãÀ ¢ããËñËã ` 3.52 ‡ãŠãñ›ãèÞãã

16

ŒãÞãÃ

ãä¶ãÓ¹ãŠß ŸÀËã.

2.1.8.4 ‡ãŠãºããâÞããè Þãì‡ãŠãèÞããè ãä¶ãÌã¡

‡ãŠñâªÆãè¾ã ½ããØãÃ ãä¶ããä£ã ãä¶ã¾ã½ã, 2007 ½ã£¾ãñ ãäÌããä¶ããäªÃÓ› ‚ããÖñ ‡ãŠãè •¾ãã ÀÔ¦¾ããâÌãÀ ØãñÊ¾ãã ¦ããè¶ã ÌãÓããÃâ¦ã

Ôãì£ããÀ¥ãã ‡ãŠã½ãñ ‡ãŠñÊ¾ãã ØãñÊããè ‚ãÔã¦ããèÊã ¦ãñ©ããèÊã ‡ãŠã½ãñ ‡ãŠñâªÆãè¾ã ½ããØãÃ ãä¶ããä£ã ‚ãâ¦ãØãÃ¦ã ¹ãÆÔ¦ãããäÌã¦ã

‡ãŠÀ¥¾ãã¦ã ¾ãñ„Š ¶ã¾ãñ.

‡ãŠã¾ãÃ‡ãŠãÀãè ‚ããä¼ã¾ãâ¦ãã, ÔããÌãÃ•ããä¶ã‡ãŠ ºããâ£ã‡ãŠã½ã ãäÌã¼ããØã, ¼ãâ¡ãÀã ¶ãñ ‘Þãñ¶ãñ•ã 104/00 ãä‡ãŠ.½ããè. ¦ãñ

130/00 ãä‡ãŠ.½ããè. ‚ãããä¥ã 135/00 ãä‡ãŠ.½ããè.¦ãñ 142/200 ãä‡ãŠ.½ããè. ½ã£¾ãñ Àã½ã›ñ‡ãŠ-Œãã¹ãã-¦ãì½ãÔãÀ

½ããØããÃÞ¾ãã Ôãì£ããÀ¥ãñÞãñ’ ‡ãŠã½ã ¹ãÆÔ¦ãããäÌã¦ã (¶ããñÌÖñâºãÀ 2010) ‡ãŠñÊãñ Öãñ¦ãñ. ¼ããÀ¦ã ÔãÀ‡ãŠãÀ ¶ãñ ¦ãñ ‡ãŠã½ã

‡ãŠñ¶ªÆãè¾ã ½ããØãÃ ãä¶ããä£ã ŒããËãè ½ãâ•ãîÀ ‡ãŠñËñ (•ãã¶ãñÌããÀãè 2011). Öñ ‡ãŠã½ã ãä¶ãÓ¹ããª¶ãã ‡ãŠãäÀ¦ãã ` 22.55

‡ãŠãñ›ãè ½ãîÊ¾ããÞ¾ãã ‡ãŠâ¨ãã›ã¶ãñ ½ãñ 2013 ¹ã¾ãÃâ¦ã ¹ãî¥ãÃ ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ãã‡ãŠãäÀ¦ãã ãäªÊ¾ãã ØãñÊãñ (¶ããñÌÖñâºãÀ 2011).

16ÀÔ¦¾ããÞ¾ãã ‡ãŠã½ããÌãÀ ` 3.15 ‡ãŠãñ›ãè ‚ãããä¥ã ¹ãìÊããÞ¾ãã ‡ãŠã½ããÌãÀ ` 37.09 Êãàã


26

ÊãñŒãã¹ãÀãèàãñÔã ‚ãÔãñ ‚ãã¤ßÊãñ ‡ãŠãè 2.8 ãä‡ãŠ.½ããè.

17

(5.50 ½ããè›À ÌããÖ¶ã½ããØãÃ) ÀÔ¦ãã Êããâºããè ÌãÀ

Ôãì£ããÀ¥ãã Ìã ¡ãâºãÀãè‡ãŠÀ¥ããÞãñ ¶ãì¦ã¶ããè‡ãŠÀ¥ã ‚ãã£ããèÞã 2009-10 ªÀ½¾ãã¶ã ` 22.37 Êãàã ŒãÞãÃ ‡ãŠÀŠ¶ã

‡ãŠÀ¥¾ãã¦ã ‚ããÊãñ Öãñ¦ãñ. ¾ãã¹ãÆ‡ãŠãÀñ, ‚ãã£ããèÞã •¾ãã ÀÔ¦ãã ËãâºããèÌãÀ Ôãì£ããÀ¥ãã ‡ãŠã½ãñ ãä¶ãÓ¹ãããäª¦ã ‡ãŠñÊ¾ãã

ØãñÊããè Öãñ¦ããè, ¦¾ãã ÀÔ¦¾ããâÞããè ãä¶ãÌã¡ Öãè ‡ãŠñâªÆãè¾ã ½ããØãÃ ãä¶ããä£ã ãä¶ã¾ã½ã, 2007 ½ã£ããèÊã ¦ãÀ¦ãìªãè Þ¾ãã

ãäÌãÀŠ® Öãñ¦ããè.

2.1.8.5 ãäºã›ìºãµã ¸ããè•ã‡ãŠñ

½ãÖãÀãÓ›È ÍããÔã¶ãã¶ãñ ‚ãÔãñ ‚ããªñÍã ãäªÊãñ (‚ããù‡ã‹›ãñºãÀ 2007) ‡ãŠãè ‡ãŠâ¨ãã›ªãÀãâ¶ããè ÀÔ¦¾ããâÞ¾ãã ‡ãŠã½ãã¦ã

Ìãã¹ãÀÊãñÊãã ãäºã›ì½ã¶ã ÍããÔã‡ãŠãè¾ã ¹ããäÀÓ‡ãŠÀ¥ããè¦ãî¶ãÞã ¹ãÆã¹¦ã ‡ãŠñÊãã ¹ãããäÖ•ãñ. ãäºã›ì½ã¶ã ¹ãìâ•ããÞããè ¹ãñ›ãè (bulk

bitumen container) „Ó¥ã ãä½ãÑã¥ã Ôãâ¾ãâ¨ããÞ¾ãã (hot mix plant) •ããØããè ¹ãÆ¼ããÀãè ‚ããä¼ã¾ãâ¦¾ããÞ¾ãã ‚ã©ãÌãã

¦¾ããÞ¾ãã ¹ãÆãä¦ããä¶ã£ããèÞ¾ãã „¹ããäÔ©ããä¦ã¦ã „¦ãÀãäÌãÊããè ¹ãããäÖ•ãñ, •ããñ Öñ ¹ãÆ½ãããä¥ã¦ã ‡ãŠÀñÊã ‡ãŠãè •¾ãã ‡ãŠã½ããÔããŸãè

ãäºã›ì½ã¶ã ¹ãÆã¹¦ã ‡ãŠñÊãã Öãñ¦ãã, ¦¾ãã ‡ãŠã½ããÔããŸãè ¦ããñ Ìãã¹ãÀÊãã ØãñÊãã. ¹ãÆ½ãããä¥ã¦ã ãä¶ããäÌãªã Íã¦ããèÃ¹ãÆ½ãã¥ãñ

‡ãŠâ¨ãã›ªãÀãâ¶ãã ãäºã›ì½ã¶ãÞããè ½ãîß ºããè•ã‡ãŠñ Ôãì®ã ÔããªÀ ‡ãŠÀ¥ãñ ‚ããÌãÍ¾ã‡ãŠ Öãñ¦ãñ •ããè ¹ãÆ¼ããÀãè

‚ããä¼ã¾ãâ¦¾ãã¶ãñ ãä‡ãŠâÌãã ¦¾ããÞ¾ãã ¹ãÆãä¦ããä¶ã£ããè¶ãñ ‚ãÍããè ¹ãÆ½ãããä¥ã¦ã ‡ãŠÀãÌã¾ããÞããè Öãñ¦ããè ‡ãŠãè ãäºã›ì½ã¶ã ¦¾ããÞã

‡ãŠã½ããÌãÀ Ìãã¹ãÀÊãã ØãñÊãã •¾ããÔããŸãè ¦ããñ ¹ãÆã¹¦ã ‡ãŠñÊãã Öãñ¦ãã. ÊãñŒãã¹ãÀãèàãã ¹ã¡¦ããß¥ããè¦ã ŒããÊããèÊã ºããºããè

‚ãã¤ßÊ¾ãã:

¸ãÖìãäÌã£ã ‡ãŠãºããâÔããŸãè ¦ããèÞã ãä¸ã›ìºãµã ¸ããè•ã‡ãŠñ

ÞããÞã¥ããè ¦ã¹ããÔã¥ããè ‡ãŠñÊãñÊ¾ãã 29 ãäÌã¼ããØããâ¹ãõ‡ãŠãè ¦ããè¶ã

18

ãäÌã¼ããØããâ¦ããèÊã ‚ããä¼ãÊãñŒããâÞ¾ãã œã¶ã¶ããè¦ã ‚ãÔãñ

„Üã¡‡ãŠãèÔã ‚ããÊãñ ‡ãŠãè 34 ‡ãŠã½ããâ½ã£¾ãñ 526.32 ½ãñ.›¶ã ãäºã›ì½ã¶ã Ìãã¹ãÀÊ¾ãã ØãñÊãñ. ¹ãÆ¼ããÀãè ‚ããä¼ã¾ãâ¦¾ããâ¶ããè

` 96.20 Êãàã ½ãîÊ¾ããÞããè, 17 ‡ãŠã½ããâÌãÀ Ìãã¹ãÀÊ¾ãã •ãã¥ããÀãè 263.16 ½ãñ.›¶ã ãäºã›ì½ã¶ãÞããè ºããè•ã‡ãŠñ

¹ãÆ½ãããä¥ã¦ã ‡ãŠñÊããè Öãñ¦ããè. ¦ã©ãããä¹ã, ‚ãÔãñ ‚ãã¤ßî¶ã ‚ããÊãñ ‡ãŠãè ¦ããèÞã ºããè•ã‡ãŠñ ¹ãÆ¼ããÀãè ‚ããä¼ã¾ãâ¦¾ãã¶ãñ

·ããä½ãäÍãÓ› 2.1.2 ½ã£¾ãñ ªÍãÃãäÌãÊãñÊ¾ãã 17 ƒ¦ãÀ ‡ãŠã½ããâÌãÀãèÊã ¦¾ããÞã ãäºã› ì½ã¶ãÞ¾ãã ¹ããäÀ½ãã¥ããÞãñ Ìãã¹ãÀ

¹ãÆ½ãããä¥ã¦ã ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ãã‡ãŠãäÀ¦ãã Ìãã¹ãÀÊããè Öãñ¦ããè.

¾ãã¹ãÆ‡ãŠãÀñ, ªãñ¶ã ÌãñØãÌãñØãß¾ãã ‡ãŠã½ããâ½ã£¾ãñ Ìãã¹ãÀÊ¾ãã ØãñÊãñÊ¾ãã ãäºã›ì½ã¶ã Þããè ¦ããèÞã ¹ããäÀ½ãã¥ãñ ¹ãÆ½ãããä¥ã¦ã

‡ãŠÀ¥¾ãã‡ãŠãäÀ¦ãã ¦ããèÞã ãäºã›ì½ã¶ã ºããè•ã‡ãŠñ Ìãã¹ãÀ¥ãñ Öñ ¹ãÆ¦¾ãàãã¦ã ¶ã Ìãã¹ãÀÊãñÊ¾ãã/„¹ã¾ããñØãã¦ã ¶ã ‚ãã¥ãÊãñÊ¾ãã

ãäºã›ì½ã¶ãÔããŸãè •ããªã ¹ãÆªã¶ããÞããè Íã‡ã‹¾ã¦ãã ªÍãÃãäÌã¦ãñ.

Ìãã·ã½ÊãñÊ»ãã ãä¸ã›ìºãµã ÔããŸãè ¸ãµããÌã› ¸ããè•ã‡ãŠñ Ôããª½ ‡ãŠ½¥ãñ

ÞããÞã¥ããè ¦ã¹ããÔã¥ããè ‡ãŠñÊãñÊ¾ãã ¹ããÞã ãäÌã¼ããØãã¦ã

19

‚ãÔãñ ‚ãã¤ßî¶ã ‚ããÊãñ ‡ãŠãè ` 6.38 ‡ãŠãñ›ãè ½ãîÊ¾ããÞãñ

1,603.92 ½ãñ.›¶ã ãäºã›ì½ã¶ã •ãñ ½ãñÔãÔãÃ ãäÖâªìÔ©ãã¶ã ¹ãñ›ÈãñãäÊã¾ã½ã ‡ãŠãù¹ããÃñÀñÍã¶ã ãäÊããä½ã›ñ¡ ‡ãŠ¡î¶ã 101

ºããè•ã‡ãŠã´ãÀñ ¹ãÆã¹¦ã ‡ãŠñÊãñ Öãñ¦ãñ, 18 ‡ãŠã½ããâ½ã£¾ãñ Ìãã¹ãÀÊ¾ãã ØãñÊ¾ããÞãñ ¹ãÆ½ãã¥ã¹ã¨ã ¹ãÆ¼ããÀãè ‚ããä¼ã¾ãâ¦¾ãã¶ãñ

ãäªÊãñ Öãñ¦ãñ. ¦ã©ãããä¹ã, ãäÖââªìÔ©ãã¶ã ¹ãñ›ÈãñãäÊã¾ã½ã ‡ãŠãù¹ããÃñÀñÍã¶ã ãäÊããä½ã›ñ¡Íããè •ãìÊãõ ‚ãããä¥ã Ôã¹›ñâºãÀ 2013

½ã£¾ãñ „Êã› ¹ã¡¦ããß¥ããè ‡ãŠñÊããè ‚ãÔã¦ãã, Öãè 101 ãäºã›ì½ã¶ã ºããè•ã‡ãŠñ ºã¶ããÌã› ‚ãÔãÊ¾ããÞãñ ‚ãã¤ßî¶ã ‚ããÊãñ

17Þãñ¶ãñ•ã ãä‡ãŠ.½ããè. 104/400 ¦ãñ 105/200 ‚ãããä¥ã ãä‡ãŠ.½ããè. 114/00 ¦ãñ 116/00 ÌãÀ

18ÔããÌãÃ•ããä¶ã‡ãŠ ºããâ£ã‡ãŠã½ã ãäÌã¼ããØã - III, ¶ããØã¹ãîÀ; ÔããÌãÃ•ããä¶ã‡ãŠ ºããâ£ã‡ãŠã½ã ãäÌã¼ããØã, ¶ããâªñ¡; ‚ãããä¥ã ÔããÌãÃ•ããä¶ã‡ãŠ ºããâ£ã‡ãŠã½ã ãäÌã¼ããØã, ¾ãÌã¦ã½ããß

19ÔããÌãÃ•ããä¶ã‡ãŠ ºããâ£ã‡ãŠã½ã ãäÌã¼ããØã, ¼ããñ‡ãŠÀ; ÔããÌãÃ•ããä¶ã‡ãŠ ºããâ£ã‡ãŠã½ã ãäÌã¼ããØã, ãäÖâØããñÊããè; ÔããÌãÃ•ããä¶ã‡ãŠ ºããâ£ã‡ãŠã½ã ãäÌã¼ããØã, ¶ããâªñ¡; ÔããÌãÃ•ããä¶ã‡ãŠ

ºããâ£ã‡ãŠã½ã ãäÌã¼ããØã, ¹ãÀ¼ã¥ããè; ‚ãããä¥ã ÔããÌãÃ•ããä¶ã‡ãŠ ºããâ£ã‡ãŠã½ã ãäÌã¼ããØã, ¾ãÌã¦ã½ããß


27

‡ãŠãÀ¥ã ãäÖââªìÔ©ãã¶ã ¹ãñ›ÈãñãäÊã¾ã½ã ‡ãŠãù¹ããÃñÀñÍã¶ã ãäÊããä½ã›ñ¡ ¶ãñ ¶ãâ¦ãÀ Œãã¨ããè ‡ãŠñÊããè (•ãìÊãõ Ìã Ôã¹›ñâºãÀ 2013)

‡ãŠãè Ôãâºãâãä£ã¦ã ºããè•ã‡ãŠñ ¦¾ããâÞ¾ãã ¾ãâ¨ã¥ãñ¦ã ãäªÔã¦ã ¶ãÌÖ¦ããè ‚ãããä¥ã ¦ããè Þãì‡ãŠãèÞããè Öãñ¦ããè.

ãä¸ã›ìºãµã ¸ããè•ã‡ãŠñ ·ãÃã·¦ã ‡ãŠñÊ»ãããäÍãÌãã»ã ‡ãŠãºããâÞãñ ãä¶ãÓ¹ããª¶ã

ÞããÞã¥ããè ¦ã¹ããÔã¥ããè ‡ãŠñÊãñÊ¾ãã ‚ããŸ ãäÌã¼ããØãã¦ããèÊã

20

2008 ‚ãããä¥ã 2013 ¾ãã ªÀ½¾ãã¶ã ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ãã¦ã

‚ããÊãñÊ¾ãã 30 ‡ãŠã½ããâ½ã£¾ãñ, ` 33.23 ‡ãŠãñ›ãè ½ãîÊ¾ããÞãñ 8,658.29 ½ãñ.›¶ã ãäºã›ì½ã¶ã Ìãã¹ãÀÊ¾ãã ØãñÊãñ Ìã

¼ãìØã¦ãã¶ã ‡ãŠñÊ¾ãã ØãñÊãñ ¹ãÀâ¦ãì ‡ãŠâ¨ãã›ªãÀãâ‡ãŠ¡î¶ã ãäºã›ì½ã¶ã ºããè•ã‡ãŠñ ¹ãÆã¹¦ã ‡ãŠñÊ¾ãã ØãñÊããè ¶ãÌÖ¦ããè.

‡ãŠâ¨ãã›ªãÀã¯ãÀã ½ãîß ãäºã›ì½ã¶ã ºããè•ã‡ãŠñ ¹ãÆÔ¦ãî¦ã ¶ã ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ããÞãã ¹ããäÀ¥ãã½ã ¹ãŠ‡ã‹¦ã ãä¶ããäÌãªã ‚ã›ãèâÞãñ

„ÊÊãâÜã¶ãÞã Öãñ¥¾ãã¦ã ¢ããÊãã ¶ããÖãè ¦ãÀ ãäÌã¼ããØããÞããè ãä¶ã¾ãâ¨ã¥ã Ìã Ôãâãä¶ã¾ãâ¨ã¥ã ¾ãâ¨ã¥ãã ‡ãŠ½ã‡ãŠìÌã¦ã

‚ãÔãÊ¾ããÞãñ ãäÔã® ‡ãŠÀ¦ãñ.

‡ãŠã¾ãÃ‡ãŠãÀãè ‚ããä¼ã¾ãâ¦ãã, ãäÌãÍãñÓã ¹ãÆ‡ãŠÊ¹ã ºããâ£ã‡ãŠã½ã ãäÌã¼ããØã, ¶ããØã¹ãîÀ ¾ããâ¶ããè ¶ã½ãîª ‡ãŠñÊãñ (½ãñ 2013) ‡ãŠãè

‡ãŠâ¨ãã›ªãÀãâ¶ãã ãäºã›ì½ã¶ã ºããè•ã‡ãŠñ ¹ãÆÔ¦ãî¦ã ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ããÔããŸãè ÔããâØã¥¾ãã¦ã ‚ããÊãñ ‚ããÖñ.

½ããÞãÃ 2013 ¹ã¾ãÃâ¦ã 30 ‡ãŠã½ããâ¹ãõ‡ãŠãè 13 ‡ãŠã½ããâÞ¾ãã ‚ãâãä¦ã½ã ªñ¾ã‡ãŠãÞãñ ¼ãìØã¦ãã¶ã ‡ãŠâ¨ãã›ªãÀãÔã ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ãã¦ã

‚ããÊãñ ‚ããÖñ Öñ Êãàãã¦ã Üãñ¦ãã, ¾ãã ›¹¹¾ããÌãÀ ‡ãŠâ¨ãã›ªãÀ ãäÌã¼ããØããÊãã ½ãîß ãäºã›ì½ã¶ã ãäºã•ã‡ãŠñ ªñƒÃÊã Öñ

‚ãØãªãèÞã ‚ãÍã‡ã‹¾ã Ìãã›¦ã ‚ããÖñ.

Œãã•ãØããè ·ãÃããä£ã‡ãŠ½¥ããâ‡ãŠ¡îµã ãä¸ã›ìºãµã ·ãÃã·¦ã ‡ãŠ½¥ãñ

ÞããÞã¥ããè ¦ã¹ããÔã¥ããè ‡ãŠñÊãñÊ¾ãã ¹ããÞã ãäÌã¼ããØãã¦ããèÊã

21

¶ã„Š ‡ãŠã½ããâ½ã£¾ãñ ‡ãŠâ¨ãã›ªãÀãâ¶ããè ÍããÔã‡ãŠãè¾ã

¹ããäÀÓ‡ãŠÀ¥ããè †ñÌã•ããè Œãã•ãØããè ¹ãÆããä£ã‡ãŠÀ¥ããâ‡ãŠ¡î¶ã ` 3.54 ‡ãŠãñ›ãè ãä‡ãŠâ½ã¦ããèÞãñ 895.045 ½ãñ. ›¶ã

ãäºã›ì½ã¶ã ¹ãÆã¹¦ã ‡ãŠñÊãñ ‚ãããä¥ã ¹ãÆ¼ããÀãè ‚ããä¼ã¾ãâ¦¾ããâ¶ããè ¦ãñ ÀÔ¦¾ããâÞ¾ãã ºããâ£ã‡ãŠã½ãã¦ã Ìãã¹ãÀŠ ãäªÊãñ.

‡ãŠã¾ãÃ‡ãŠãÀãè ‚ããä¼ã¾ãâ¦ãã, ÔããÌãÃ•ããä¶ã‡ãŠ ºããâ£ã‡ãŠã½ã ãäÌã¼ããØã, ¼ãâ¡ãÀã ‚ãããä¥ã ¶ããâªñ¡ ¾ããâ¶ããè ¶ã½ãîª ‡ãŠñÊãñ

(½ãñ/•ãìÊãõ 2013) ‡ãŠãè ãäºã›ì½ã¶ã Öñ ÍããÔã‡ãŠãè¾ã ¹ããäÀÓ‡ãŠÀ¥ããèÞ¾ãã ‚ããä£ã‡ãŠð¦ã ãäÌã‡ãÆñŠ¦¾ãã‡ãŠ¡î¶ã ŒãÀñªãè ‡ãŠñÊãñ

Öãñ¦ãñ. „§ãÀ ½ãã¶¾ã ¶ããÖãè ‡ãŠãÀ¥ã ‚ããù‡ã‹›ãñºãÀ 2007 Þ¾ãã ÍããÔã¶ã ÔãîÞã¶ãñ¦ã ¹ãŠ‡ã‹¦ã ÍããÔã‡ãŠãè¾ã

¹ããäÀÓ‡ãŠÀ¥ããè¦ãî¶ãÞã ãäºã›ì½ã¶ã ¹ãÆã¹¦ã ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ããÞãñ Ô¹ãÓ› ãä¶ãªñÃÍã ‚ããÖñ¦ã.

2.1.8.6 ‡ãŠãºããâÞãñ ãäµã‡ãŠðÓ› ãäµãÓ·ããªµã

‡ãŠã½ããâÞ¾ãã ãä¶ã‡ãŠðÓ› ãä¶ãÓ¹ããª¶ããÞããè ¹ãÆ‡ãŠÀ¥ãñ ŒããÊããè ½ããâ¡Êããè ‚ããÖñ¦ã:

¼ããÀ¦ããè¾ã ½ããØãÃ ‡ãŠãâùØãÆñÔã 37-2001 (‚ãã¾ã.‚ããÀ.Ôããè.) ¹ãÆ½ãã¥ãñ, ãäºã›ìãä½ã¶ãÔã ½ãñ‡ãŠù¡½ãÞ¾ãã

¹ãðÓŸ¼ããØããÊãã Öããä¶ã¹ããÔãî¶ã ÀãñŒã¥¾ããÔããŸãè •ããÔ¦ããè¦ã •ããÔ¦ã 48 ¦ããÔããâÞ¾ãã ‚ãã¦ã ¹ãì¤Þ¾ãã

¹ãŠÀÔãºãâªãè (Pavement) ©ãÀã¶ãñ ãä‡ãŠâÌãã Ìãñ‚ããäÀâØã (Wearing) ©ãÀã¶ãñ ‚ããÞœãªÊãñ ¹ãããäÖ•ãñ.

ÔããÌãÃ•ããä¶ã‡ãŠ ºããâ£ã‡ãŠã½ã ãäÌã¼ããØã, ¶ããâªñ¡ ¶ãñ ‘‚ã£ããÃ¹ãîÀ ÍãÖÀãÊãã Ìãß¥ã ÀÔ¦ãã ºããâ£ã¥¾ãã’ Þãñ ‡ãŠã½ã

` 19.95 ‡ãŠãñ›ãè ãä‡ãŠâ½ã¦ããè¦ã ãäªÊãñ (ãä¡ÔãñâºãÀ 2011). ‚ãÔãñ ãä¶ãªÍãÃ¶ããÔã ‚ããÊãñ ‡ãŠãè ½ããÞãÃ 2013

20ÔããÌãÃ•ããä¶ã‡ãŠ ºããâ£ã‡ãŠã½ã ãäÌã¼ããØã, ‚ã‡ãŠÊãì•ã; ÔããÌãÃ•ããä¶ã‡ãŠ ºããâ£ã‡ãŠã½ã ãäÌã¼ããØã (Àãñ.Ö.¾ããñ.) Øããñâãäª¾ãã; ÔããÌãÃ•ããä¶ã‡ãŠ ºããâ£ã‡ãŠã½ã ãäÌã¼ããØã-II,

¶ããØã¹ãîÀ; ÔããÌãÃ•ããä¶ã‡ãŠ ºããâ£ã‡ãŠã½ã ãäÌãÍãñÓã ¹ãÆ‡ãŠÊ¹ã ºããâ£ã‡ãŠã½ã ãäÌã¼ããØã, ¶ããØã¹ãîÀ; ÔããÌãÃ•ããä¶ã‡ãŠ ºããâ£ã‡ãŠã½ã ãäÌã¼ããØã (¹ãîÌãÃ) ¶ãããäÍã‡ãŠ; ÔããÌãÃ•ããä¶ã‡ãŠ

ºããâ£ã‡ãŠã½ã ãäÌã¼ããØã, „Ô½ãã¶ããºããª; ÔããÌãÃ•ããä¶ã‡ãŠ ºããâ£ã‡ãŠã½ã ãäÌã¼ããØã, ¹ãÀ¼ã¥ããè; ‚ãããä¥ã ÔããÌãÃ•ããä¶ã‡ãŠ ºããâ£ã‡ãŠã½ã ãäÌã¼ããØã,ÔããñÊãã¹ãîÀ

21 ÔããÌãÃ•ããä¶ã‡ãŠ ºããâ£ã‡ãŠã½ã ãäÌã¼ããØã, ¼ãâ¡ãÀã; ÔããÌãÃ•ããä¶ã‡ãŠ ºããâ£ã‡ãŠã½ã ãäÌã¼ããØã- III,¶ããØã¹ãîÀ; ÔããÌãÃ•ããä¶ã‡ãŠ ºããâ£ã‡ãŠã½ã ãäÌãÍãñÓã ¹ãÆ‡ãŠÊ¹ã ºããâ£ã‡ãŠã½ã

ãäÌã¼ããØã, ¶ããØã¹ãîÀ; ÔããÌãÃ•ããä¶ã‡ãŠ ºããâ£ã‡ãŠã½ã ãäÌã¼ããØã, ¶ããâªñ¡; Ìã ÔããÌãÃ•ããä¶ã‡ãŠ ºããâ£ã‡ãŠã½ã ãäÌã¼ããØã, ¾ãÌã¦ã½ããß


28

½ã£¾ãñ ` 2.44 ‡ãŠãñ›ãè ŒãÞããÃ¶ãñ ãäºã›ìãä½ã¶ãÔã ½ãñ‡ãŠù¡½ã ›ã‡ãŠ¥¾ãã¦ã ‚ããÊãã ¹ãÀâ¦ãì •ãî¶ã 2013 ¹ã¾ãÃâ¦ã

¦ããñ ¹ãŠÀÔãºãâªãè ©ãÀã¶ãñ

22

‚ããÞœãªÊ¾ãã ØãñÊãã ¶ããÖãè. ¼ããÀ¦ããè¾ã ½ããØãÃ ‡ãŠãâùØãÆñÔã Þãñ ãäÌããä¶ãªñÃÍã ¹ããßÊ¾ãã

ØãñÊãñ ¶ããÖãè¦ã ¦¾ãã½ãìßñ ãäºã›ìãä½ã¶ãÔã ½ãñ‡ãŠù¡½ã ¹ãðÓŸ¼ããØããÊãã Öããä¶ã ¹ããñÞã¥¾ããÞããè Íã‡ã‹¾ã¦ãã ¶ãã‡ãŠãÀ¦ãã

¾ãñ¦ã ¶ããÖãè.

ãä¶ãØãÃ½ã¶ã ¹ããäÀÓãªñ¦ã, ÔããäÞãÌã (½ããØãÃ), ÔããÌãÃ•ããä¶ã‡ãŠ ºããâ£ã‡ãŠã½ã ãäÌã¼ããØãã¶ãñ ¶ã½ãîª ‡ãŠñÊãñ

(‚ããù‡ã‹›ãñºãÀ 2013) ‡ãŠãè ‡ãŠìŸÊããÖãè ãäºã›ìãä½ã¶ãÔã ½ãñ‡ãŠù¡½ã ¹ãðÓŸ¼ããØã ‚ããÞœãª¶ãã ãäÌã¶ãã ŸñÌã¥¾ãã¦ã

¾ãñ„Š ¶ã¾ãñ ‚ãÔãñ ¹ããäÀ¹ã¨ã‡ãŠ ãä¶ãØãÃãä½ã¦ã ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ãã¦ã ¾ãñƒÃÊã.

¼ããÀ¦ã ÔãÀ‡ãŠãÀ¶ãñ ‡ãŠñâªÆãè¾ã ½ããØãÃ ãä¶ããä£ã ‚ãâ¦ãØãÃ¦ã †‡ãŠã ‡ãŠã½ããÔããŸãè

23 ` ¦ããè¶ã ‡ãŠãñ›ãè ½ãâ•ãîÀ ‡ãŠñÊãñ

(‚ããùØãÔ› 2008). ½ãìŒ¾ã ‚ããä¼ã¾ãâ¦ãã, ÔããÌãÃ•ããä¶ã‡ãŠ ºããâ£ã‡ãŠã½ã àãñ¨ã, ‚ããõÀâØããºããª ¾ããâ¶ããè ‡ãŠã½ããÔããŸãè

` 2.67 ‡ãŠãñ›ãèâÞããè ¦ããâãä¨ã‡ãŠ ½ãâ•ãìÀãè ãäªÊããè (¶ããñÌÖñâºãÀ 2009). Öã ½ããØãÃ ‡ãŠãß¾ãã ½ãã¦ããèÞ¾ãã Ôãì¹ããè‡ãŠ

•ããä½ããä¶ã¦ãî¶ã •ãã¦ã Öãñ¦ãã ‚ãããä¥ã ¹ãã¥ããè ÔããÞã¥¾ãã¶ãñ ¦ããñ ‚ããä¦ãÍã¾ã Öããä¶ã ¹ãÆÌã¥ã Öãñ¦ãã. •ã¡

ÌããÖ¦ãì‡ãŠãèÞ¾ãã Ìãã¹ãÀãÔããŸãè ÀÔ¦¾ããÞãñ ½ã•ãºãì¦ããè‡ãŠÀ¥ã ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ããÔããŸãè, ‚ããäÔ¦ã¦Ìãã¦ããèÊã ¹ãðÓŸ¼ããØã

Œããñª¥ãñ ‚ãããä¥ã ¦ããñ ªã¥ãñªãÀ Ôãºã-ºãñÔã (Granular sub-base) Ìã ‡ãŠŸãè¥ã ½ãìÀŠ½ã ¾ããâ¶ããè ¼ãÀ¥ãñ,

¾ããâÞãã ‡ãŠã½ããÞ¾ãã Ì¾ãã¹¦ããè¦ã Ôã½ããÌãñÍã Öãñ¦ãã. ªã¥ãñªãÀ Ôãºã-ºãñÔã Ìã ‡ãŠŸãè¥ã ½ãìÀŠ½ã ¾ããâÞ¾ãã

¼ãÀãÌããÞããè ¹ããäÀ½ãã¥ãñ ¹ãÆã‡ã‹‡ãŠÊã¶ãã¦ã ÀÔ¦¾ããÞ¾ãã ‡ãŠÌãÞããÞããè ‚ããÌãÍ¾ã‡ãŠ ¦ããè •ãã¡ãè ŸñÌã¥¾ããÞ¾ãã

ªðÓ›ãè¶ãñ ÔÌã¦ãâ¨ã¹ã¥ãñ ‡ãŠã¤Êããè Öãñ¦ããè. ‡ãŠã¾ãÃ‡ãŠãÀãè ‚ããä¼ã¾ãâ¦ãã, ÔããÌãÃ•ããä¶ã‡ãŠ ºããâ£ã‡ãŠã½ã ãäÌã¼ããØã, ºããè¡

¾ããâ¶ããè ÌãÀãèÊã ‡ãŠã½ã ` 3.10 ‡ãŠãñ›ãè ¾ãã ‡ãŠâ¨ãã›ãè ½ãîÊ¾ãã¶ãñ ãäªÊãñ (½ãñ 2011). Öññ ‡ãŠã½ã ½ãñ 2012

½ã£¾ãñ ` 3.15 ‡ãŠãñ›ãè ŒãÞãÃ Öãñ„Š¶ã ¹ãî¥ãÃ ¢ããÊãñ.

ÊãñŒãã¹ãÀãèàãñÔã ‚ãÔãñ ãä¶ãªÍãÃ¶ããÔã ‚ããÊãñ ‡ãŠãè 7,224 Üã.½ããè. ªã¥ãñªãÀ Ôãºã-ºãñÔã ‚ãããä¥ã 45,085.75

Üã.½ããè. ‡ãŠŸãè¥ã ½ãìÀŠ½ã ¾ãã ‚ãâªããä•ã¦ã ¼ãÀãÌãã ÔãÖ ‚ããäÔ¦ã¦Ìãã¦ããèÊã ¹ãŠÀÔãºãâªãè (Pavement)

Œããñª‡ãŠã½ããÞããè ¦ãÀ¦ãîª 31.82 Üã¶ã½ããè›À Öãñ¦ããè. ¾ãããäÌãÂ®, ‡ãŠâ¨ãã›ªãÀã¶ãñ 275.28 Üã.½ããè.

Œããñª‡ãŠã½ã ‡ãŠñÊãñ ‚ãããä¥ã 5,638.82 Üã.½ããè. ªã¥ãñªãÀ Ôãºã-ºãñÔã Ìã 38,345 Üã.½ããè. ‡ãŠŸãè¥ã ½ãìÀŠ½ã

¾ããâ¶ããè ¼ãÀãÌã ‡ãŠñÊãñ.

‡ãŠâ¨ãã›ã¦ã ãäÌããä¶ããäªÃÓ› ‚ãÔãÊãñÊ¾ãã Œããñª‡ãŠã½ããÞ¾ãã ¹ããäÀ½ãã¥ãã¹ãñàãã 243.46 Üã.½ããè. •ããÔ¦ã

Œããñª‡ãŠã½ã ‡ãŠâ¨ãã›ªãÀã¶ãñ ‡ãŠñÊ¾ãã½ãìßñ Öñ •ããÔ¦ããèÞãñ Œããñª‡ãŠã½ã ¼ãÀŠ¶ã ‡ãŠã¤¥¾ããÔããŸãè ªã¥ãñªãÀ

Ôãºã-ºãñÔã ‚ãããä¥ã ‡ãŠŸãè¥ã ½ãìÀŠ½ã ¾ããâÞãã ¼ãÀãÌã ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ããÞãñ ¹ããäÀ½ãã¥ã •ããÔ¦ããèÞãñ ‚ãÔã¥ãñ ‚ããÌãÍ¾ã‡ãŠ

Öãñ¦ãñ. ¦ã©ãããä¹ã, ªã¥ãñªãÀ Ôãºã-ºãñÔã Ìã ‡ãŠŸãè¥ã ½ãìÀŠ½ã ¾ããâÞãã ¼ãÀãÌã ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ãã¦ããèÊã ¦ãî›,

ÀÔ¦¾ããÔããŸãè ‚ããÌãÍ¾ã‡ãŠ ‚ãÔã¥ããÀãè ‡ãŠÌãÞããÞããè •ãã¡ãè Ôãã£¾ã ¶ã ¢ããÊ¾ããÞãñ ªÍãÃãäÌã¦ãñ.

ÊãñŒãã¹ãÀãèàãñ´ãÀñ ãäÌã¼ããØããè¾ã ‚ããä£ã‡ãŠãÅ ¾ããâÔãÖ ÀÔ¦¾ããÞããè ¹ãÆ¦¾ãàã ¹ã¡¦ããß¥ããè ‡ãŠñÊããè ‚ãÔã¦ãã

(•ãìÊãõ 2013) ‚ãÔãñ ‚ãã¤ßî¶ã ‚ããÊãñ ‡ãŠãè ªã¥ãñªãÀ Ôãºã-ºãñÔã Ìã ‡ãŠŸãè¥ã ½ãìÀŠ½ã ¾ããâÞ¾ãã ¼ãÀãÌãã¦ããèÊã

¦ãì›ãè½ãìßñ ÀÔ¦¾ããÞ¾ãã ªãñ¶Öãè ºãã•ãîÞãñ ÌããÖ¶ã ½ããØãÃ Ìã ºãã•ãîÞãñ ÍããñÊ¡ÔãÃ ¾ããâÞããè Öããä¶ã ¢ããÊããè Öãñ¦ããè.

22„Ó¥ã ãä½ãÑã¥ã Ôãâ¾ãâ¨ãã¦ã ¦ã¾ããÀ ‡ãŠñÊãñÊãñ ãä½ãÑã¥ã ÔãããäÖ¦¾ã ›ã‡ãŠ¥ãñ (‚ãã£ããèÞã ‡ãŠñÊãñÊ¾ãã ãä½ãÑã¥ããÞãã ©ãÀ).

23‚ãã¹ãñØããâÌã-‡ãŠìÀã¥ããä¹ãâ¹ãÀãè-½ãÖãÀ›ã‡ãŠÊããè-Þã‡ãŠÊãâºãã-ãäÍãâØããÀÌãã¡ãè ½ããØããÃÞ¾ãã Àã•¾ã ½ããØãÃ - 55 Þãñ¶ãñ•ã 1/200 ãä‡ãŠ.½ããè. ¦ãñ 23/400 ãä‡ãŠ.½ããè.

½ã£¾ãñ Ôãì£ããÀ¥ãã


29

ãä¶ãØãÃ½ã¶ã ¹ããäÀÓãªñÞ¾ãã Ìãñßãè ÔããäÞãÌã (½ããØãÃ), ÔããÌãÃ•ããä¶ã‡ãŠ ºããâ£ã‡ãŠã½ã ãäÌã¼ããØãã¶ãñ ¶ã½ãîª ‡ãŠñÊãñ

(‚ããù‡ã‹›ãñºãÀ 2013) ‡ãŠãè ‡ãŠã½ã àãñãä¨ã¾ã ªàã¦ãã ‚ãããä¥ã Øãì¥ã ãä¶ã¾ãâ¨ã¥ã ÍããŒãñ‡ãŠ¡î¶ã ¦ã¹ããÔãÊ¾ãã

•ããƒÃÊã.

¹ãã¥¾ãã¶ãñ ÀÔ¦¾ããÞããè Öãñ¥ããÀãè Öããä¶ã ›ãß¥¾ããÔããŸãè, ½ãÖãÀãÓ›È ÍããÔã¶ãã¶ãñ •ãñÌÖã •ãñÌÖã ‡ãŠãßãè

½ãã¦ããè ‚ãÔãÊãñÊ¾ãã ¼ããØãã¦ãî¶ã ÀÔ¦ãã •ãã¦ããñ ¦¾ãã ÀÔ¦¾ããÌãÀ ‡ãŠŸãè¥ã ½ãìÀŠ½ã ‚ããÌãÀ¥ããÞãñ ‡ãŠã½ã

ãä¶ãÓ¹ãããäª¦ã ‡ãŠÀ¦ããâ¶ãã ãäÌããäÌã£ã ÞããÞã¥¾ãã

24

ÌÖãÌã¾ããÔã ÖÌ¾ãã¦ã ‚ãÔãñ ãäÌããäÖ¦ã ‡ãŠñÊãñ

(¶ããñÌÖñââºãÀ 1997).

ÔããÌãÃ•ããä¶ã‡ãŠ ºããâ£ã‡ãŠã½ã ãäÌã¼ããØã, ‚ã‡ãŠÊãì•ã ¾ããâÞ¾ãã ‚ããä¼ãÊãñŒããâÞ¾ãã ¦ã¹ããÔã¥ããè¦ã ‚ãÔãñ ãä¶ãªÍãÃ¶ããÔã ‚ããÊãñ

‡ãŠãè ªãñ¶ã ÀÔ¦¾ããâÞããè ‡ãŠã½ãñ

25

‡ãŠñâªÆãè¾ã ½ããØãÃ ãä¶ããä£ã ‚ãâ¦ãØãÃ¦ã ãäªÊ¾ãã ØãñÊããè (¶ããñÌÖñâºãÀ 2011). ªãñ¶Öãè ÀÔ¦ãñ

‚ãÍãã ¼ããØãã¦ãî¶ã •ãã¦ã Öãñ¦ãñ ãä•ã©ãñ Ôãì¹ããè‡ãŠ ‡ãŠãßãè ½ãã¦ããè Öãñ¦ããè. ªãñ¶Öãè ‡ãŠã½ããâÞ¾ãã Ì¾ãããä¹¦ã ½ã£¾ãñ ½ã„Š

‚ãããä¥ã ‡ãŠŸãè¥ã ½ãìÀŠ½ã ÀÔ¦¾ããÌãÀ ¹ãÔãÀ¥ãñ Öñ ‚ãâ¦ã¼ãîÃ¦ã Öãñ¦ãñ. †‡ãŠî¥ã 49,347.61 Üã¶ã ½ããè. ½ã„Š ‚ãããä¥ã

‡ãŠŸãè¥ã ½ãìÀŠ½ã ¹ããäÀ½ãã¥ããÞãã ¹ãìÀÌãŸã ‚ãããä¥ã Ìãã¹ãÀ ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ãã¦ã ‚ããÊãã, •¾ãã‡ãŠÀ¦ãã ` 88.94 Êãàã

ŒãÞãÃ ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ãã¦ã ‚ããÊãã. ¦ã©ãããä¹ã, ãäÌããäÖ¦ã ÞããÞã¥¾ããâ¹ãõ‡ãŠãè †‡ãŠÖãè ÞããÞã¥ããè ‡ãŠñÊ¾ããÔãâºãâ£ããèÞãã ‚ãÖÌããÊã

ÊãñŒãã¹ãÀãèàã¥ãã‡ãŠãäÀ¦ãã ãäªÊ¾ãã ØãñÊãñÊ¾ãã ‚ããä¼ãÊãñŒ¾ããâ¦ã ¶ãÌÖ¦ãã ¦¾ãã½ãìßñ ÊãñŒãã¹ãÀãèàãñÔã, ‡ãŠã¾ããÃãä¶Ìã¦ã

‡ãŠã½ããÞ¾ãã Øãì¥ãÌã§ãñÞããè Œãã¦ãÀ•ã½ãã ‡ãŠÀ¦ãã ‚ããÊããè ¶ããÖãè.

ãä¶ãØãÃ½ã¶ã ¹ããäÀÓãñª¦ã, ÔããäÞãÌã (½ããØãÃ), ÔããÌãÃ•ããä¶ã‡ãŠ ºããâ£ã‡ãŠã½ã ãäÌã¼ããØã ¾ããâ¶ããè ¶ã½ãîª ‡ãŠñÊãñ (‚ããù‡ã‹›ãñºãÀ

2013) ‡ãŠãè ¾ãããäÌãÓã¾ããè ¦ã¹ããÔã¥ããè ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ãã¦ã ¾ãñƒÃÊã.

2.1.8.7 ‡ãŠãºããâÞ»ãã ãäµãÓ·ããªµãã¦ã ãäµã»ãºã¸ããÛã ŒãÞãÀ

‡ãŠã¾ããÃ¶Ìã¾ã¶ã ‡ãŠÀ¥ããÅ ¾ãã ¹ãÆããä£ã‡ãŠÀ¥ããâ¶ããè ÀÔ¦ãã ‡ãŠã½ããâÞãñ ãä¶ãÓ¹ããª¶ã ‡ãŠÀ¦ããâ¶ãã ÍããÔã‡ãŠãè¾ã ¹ãÆ½ãã¥ã‡ãŠãâÞãñ

‚ã¶ãì¹ããÊã¶ã ‡ãŠñÊãñ ¹ãããäÖ•ãñ ‚ãããä¥ã ¼ããÀ¦ããè¾ã ½ããØãÃ ‡ãŠãâùØãÆñÔã Þ¾ãã ãäÌããä¶ãªñÃÍããâÞããè ‡ãŠâ¨ãã›ã¦ã ¾ããñØ¾ã ¦ããè

¦ãÀ¦ãîª ‡ãŠñÊããè ¹ãããäÖ•ãñ.

‡ãŠãºããÞããè Ì»ãããä·¦ã ‡ãŠºããè ‡ãŠ½¥ãñ

‡ãŠñâªÆãè¾ã ½ããØãÃ ãä¶ããä£ã ãä¶ã¾ã½ã, 2007 Þ¾ãã ãä¶ã¾ã½ã 5(3) ‚ã¶ãìÔããÀ, ‡ãŠñâªÆãè¾ã ½ããØãÃ ãä¶ããä£ã ŒããÊããèÊã ÀÔ¦ãã

‡ãŠã½ããâÞãñ ¹ãÆÔ¦ããÌã, ªãñ¶ã ãäŸ‡ãŠã¥ããâ¶ãã •ããñ¡¥¾ããÔããŸãè ‚ããÌãÍ¾ã‡ãŠ ‚ãâ¦ãÀ •ãÀ 10 ãä‡ãŠ.½ããè. ¹ãñàãã ‡ãŠ½ããè

‚ããÖñ ‚ãÍããè ¹ããäÀãäÔ©ã¦ããè Ôããñ¡î¶ã, ƒ¦ãÀ ÔãÌãÃ ¹ãÆ‡ãŠÀ¥ãã¦ã Ôãã½ãã¶¾ã¹ã¥ãñ ‡ãŠ½ããè¦ã‡ãŠ½ããè 10 ãä‡ãŠ.½ããè.

Êããâºããè‡ãŠÀãè¦ããÞã ‡ãŠñÊãñ •ããÌãñ¦ã.

ÊãñŒãã¹ãÀãèàãã œã¶ã¶ããè¦ã ‚ãÔãñ ãä¶ãªÍãÃ¶ããÔã ‚ããÊãñ ‡ãŠãè ÞããÞã¥ããè ¦ã¹ããÔã¥ããè ‡ãŠñÊãñÊ¾ãã ÔãÖã ãäÌã¼ããØããâ¦ã,

¼ããÀ¦ã ÔãÀ‡ãŠãÀ¶ãñ †‡ãŠî¥ã 109.33 ãä‡ãŠ.½ããè. ÊããâºããèÞ¾ãã ¶ã„Š ÀÔ¦¾ããâÞ¾ãã ‡ãŠã½ãã‡ãŠãäÀ¦ãã ` 56.65 ‡ãŠãñ›ãè

½ãâ•ãîÀ ‡ãŠñÊãñ Öãñ¦ãñ. ¦ã©ãããä¹ã, ¾ãã ¶ã„Š ÀÔ¦¾ããâ‡ãŠãäÀ¦ãã ¦ã¾ããÀ ‡ãŠñÊãñÊ¾ãã ¹ãÆã‡ã‹‡ãŠÊã¶ããâ¦ã ¹ãÆ¦¾ãàã Ôã½ãããäÌãÓ›

¢ããÊãñÊããè ½ããØããÃÞããè Êããâºããè ¹ãŠ‡ã‹¦ã 78.48 ãä‡ãŠ.½ããè. Öãñ¦ããè.

24¹ãÆãù‡ã‹›À Üã¶ã¦ãã ÞããÞã¥ããè, Ìãã¹ãÀÊãñÊ¾ãã ½ãã¦ããèÞããè ÍãìÓ‡ãŠ Üã¶ã¦ãã, ‚ããäÔ¦ã¦Ìãã¦ããèÊã ½ãã¦ããèÞããè Ôããèºããè‚ããÀ ÞããÞã¥ããè, ƒÓ›¦ã½ã ‚ããñÊããÌãã £ããÀ‡ãŠ¦ãã

ÞããÞã¥ããè, ÀãñÊãÀ ÞããÊããäÌã¥¾ãã Ôãâºãâ£ããèÞãã ‚ããä¼ãÊãñŒã ƒ¦¾ãããäª.

251) ¹ããÀñÌãã¡ãè ¦ãñ Àã•¾ã ½ãÖã½ããØãÃ 141 ½ããØãÃ ½ããñ.ãä•ã.½ãã.4 ãä‡ãŠ.½ããè. 15/000 ¦ãñ 38/000 ãä•ãÊÖã ÔããñÊãã¹ãîÀ Þããè Ôãì£ããÀ¥ãã ; ‚ãããä¥ã

2) ‡ãŠÀ½ããßã ¦ãñ ‚ããÌããä¦ã ½ããØãÃ Àã•¾ã ½ãÖã½ããØãÃ-67 ãä‡ãŠ.½ããè. 74/800 ¦ãñ 102/800, ‚ã‡ãŠÊãî•ã ãä•ãÊÖã ÔããñÊãã¹ãîÀ Þããè Ôãì£ããÀ¥ãã


30

ãäÌã¼ããØããâÞ¾ãã ‡ãŠã¾ãÃ‡ãŠãÀãè ‚ããä¼ã¾ãâ¦¾ããâ¶ããè ¶ã½ãîª ‡ãŠñÊãñ (½ããÞãÃ-†ãä¹ãÆÊã 2013) ‡ãŠãè ½ãâ•ãîÀ ãä‡ãŠâ½ã¦ããèÞ¾ãã

½ã¾ããÃªñ¦ã ÀãÖî¶ã ‡ãŠã½ã ¹ãî¥ãÃ ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ãã‡ãŠãäÀ¦ãã ‡ãŠã½ããÞããè Ì¾ãããä¹¦ã ‡ãŠ½ããè ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ãã¦ã ‚ããÊããè.

‡ãŠã¾ãÃ‡ãŠãÀãè ‚ããä¼ã¾ãâ¦¾ããâÞãñ „§ãÀ ½ãã¶¾ã ¶ããÖãè ‡ãŠãÀ¥ã ÀÔ¦ãã ÊããâºããèÞ¾ãã ¹ãŠ‡ã‹¦ã ‡ãŠãÖãè ¼ããØããÌãÀ Ôãâ¹ãî¥ãÃ

½ãâ•ãîÀ ÀããäÍã ŒãÞãÃ ‡ãŠÀŠ¶ã ‡ãŠã½ã ãä¶ãÓ¹ãããäª¦ã ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ãã¦ã ‚ããÊãñ •ãñ ‚ãÔãñ ªÍãÃãäÌã¦ãñ ‡ãŠãè ÀÔ¦¾ããÞ¾ãã ‡ãŠã½ããÞãñ

¹ãÆÔ¦ããÌã ÔãìÀŠÌãã¦ããè ¹ããÔãî¶ãÞã Þãî‡ãŠãèÞãñ ÔããªÀ ‡ãŠñÊãñ Öãñ¦ãñ.

½ãâ•ãîÀ Ì½ãããä¹¦ãÞ½ãã ¼ã½ããÃªñ ºããÖñÀ ‡ãŠã¼ããâÞãñ ãä¶ãÓ¹ããª¶ã

½ãÖãÀãÓ›È ÔããÌãÃ•ããä¶ã‡ãŠ ºããâ£ã‡ãŠã½ã ãä¶ã¾ã½ã ¹ãìãäÔ¦ã‡ãŠñÞ¾ãã ¹ããäÀÞœñª 134 ½ã£¾ãñ ¶ã½ãîª ‡ãŠñÊãñ ‚ããÖñ ‡ãŠãè ½ãîß

¹ãÆÔ¦ããÌãã¦ã ‡ãŠìŸÊãñÖãè ãäÌãÞãÊã¶ã ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ããÔããŸãè Ôãì£ãããäÀ¦ã ¹ãÆÍããÔã‡ãŠãè¾ã ½ãã¶¾ã¦ãã Ü¾ããÌã¾ããÔã ¹ãããäÖ•ãñ.

¹ããÞã ‡ãŠñâªÆãè¾ã ½ããØãÃ ãä¶ããä£ã ‡ãŠã½ããâ¦ã (ÞããÀ ãäÌã¼ããØã), ‡ãŠã½ããÞ¾ãã ½ãâ•ãîÀ Ì¾ãããä¹¦ãÞ¾ãã ºããÖñÀ ` 2.04

‡ãŠãñ›ãè ŒãÞãÃ ‡ãŠñÊãã ØãñÊãã. ¦ã©ãããä¹ã, ½ãÖãÀãÓ›È ÔããÌãÃ•ããä¶ã‡ãŠ ºããâ£ã‡ãŠã½ã ¹ãìãäÔ¦ã‡ãŠñÞ¾ãã ã ä¶ã¾ã½ãã¶ãìÔããÀ ¾ãã

¹ããÞã Öãè ‡ãŠã½ããâ¦ã Ôãì£ãããäÀ¦ã ¹ãÆÍããÔã‡ãŠãè¾ã ½ãã¶¾ã¦ãã ¹ãÆã¹¦ã ‡ãŠñÊ¾ãã ØãñÊããè ¶ããÖãè. ¾ãããäÍãÌãã¾ã, ãäÌã§ã

‚ãã¾ããñØã-XIII Þ¾ãã ÔãÖã ‡ãŠã½ããâ¦ã (¦ããè¶ã ãäÌã¼ããØã) ‡ãŠã½ããâÞ¾ãã ½ãâ•ãîÀ Ì¾ãããä¹¦ãÞ¾ãã ºããÖñÀ ‚ãÔã¥ããÅ ¾ãã

ãä¶ãÓ¹ããª¶ããÌãÀ ` 1.88 ‡ãŠãñ›ãèâÞãã ŒãÞãÃ ‡ãŠñÊãã ØãñÊãã ¹ãÀâ¦ãì Ôãì£ãããäÀ¦ã ¹ãÆÍããÔã‡ãŠãè¾ã ½ãã¶¾ã¦ãã ¹ãÆã¹¦ã ‡ãŠñÊããè

ØãñÊããè ¶ããÖãè.

ºãÞã¦ããè ½ã£ãî¶ã ½ããØããÃâÞ½ãã ‚ããä¦ããäÀ‡ã‹¦ã ÊããâºããèÞãñ ãä¶ãÓ¹ããª¶ã

½ãÖãÀãÓ›È ÔããÌãÃ•ããä¶ã‡ãŠ ºããâ£ã‡ãŠã½ã ãä¶ã¾ã½ã¹ãìãäÔ¦ã‡ãŠñÞ¾ãã ¹ããäÀÞœñª 261 ‚ã¶ãìÔããÀ, †‡ãŠã ãäÌããäÍãÓ›

¹ãÆ‡ãŠÊ¹ãã¦ã ½ãâ•ãîÀ ¹ãÆã‡ã‹‡ãŠÊã¶ãã¦ããèÊã ‡ãŠìŸÊããèÖãè ‚ã¹ãñãäàã¦ã ãä‡ãŠâÌãã ¹ãÆ¦¾ãàã ºãÞã¦ã, Ôãàã½ã ¹ãÆããä£ã‡ãŠãÅ ¾ããÞ¾ãã

½ãâ•ãìÀãè ãäÍãÌãã¾ã, ½ãîÊã ¹ãÆ‡ãŠÊ¹ãã¦ã ¹ãîÌãÃ‡ãŠãäÊ¹ã¦ã ¶ãÔãÊãñÊãñ ‡ãŠìŸÊãñÖãè ‚ããä¦ããäÀ‡ã‹¦ã ‡ãŠã½ã ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ããÔããŸãè

Ìãã¹ãÀ¥¾ãã¦ã ¾ãñ„Š ¶ã¾ãñ.

‚ããä¼ãÊãñŒããâÞ¾ãã œã¶ã¶ããè¦ã ‚ãÔãñ ãä¶ãªÍãÃ¶ããÔã ‚ããÊãñ ‡ãŠãè ½ãÖãÀãÓ›È ÔããÌãÃ•ããä¶ã‡ãŠ ºããâ£ã‡ãŠã½ã

ãä¶ã¾ã½ã¹ãìãäÔ¦ã‡ãŠñ¦ããèÊã ¦ãÀ¦ãìªãèâÞ¾ãã ãäÌãÂ® ½ãìŒ¾ã ‚ããä¼ã¾ãâ¦ãã, ÔããÌãÃ•ããä¶ã‡ãŠ ºããâ£ã‡ãŠã½ã àãñ¨ã, ¶ããØã¹ãîÀ

¾ããâ¶ããè 2011-12 ¾ãã ÌãÓããÃ¦ã Üãñ¦ãÊãñÊ¾ãã ¦ãñÀãÌ¾ãã ãäÌã§ã ‚ãã¾ããñØããÞ¾ãã ãä¶ããä£ã ½ã£ãî¶ã 16 ÀÔ¦¾ããâÞ¾ãã

‡ãŠã½ããâ¦ã ` 3.85 ‡ãŠãñ›ãè ¢ããÊãñÊ¾ãã „¹ãããä•ãÃ¦ã ºãÞã¦ããè¦ãî¶ã ¹ãÆã‡ã‹‡ãŠãäÊã¦ã ½ãîÊ¾ã ` 4.46 ‡ãŠãñ›ãè

‚ãÔãÊãñÊ¾ãã †‡ãŠã ÀÔ¦¾ããÞããè ‚ããä¦ããäÀ‡ã‹¦ã 29.02 ãä‡ãŠ.½ããè. Êããâºããè ãä¶ãÓ¹ããª¶ãã‡ãŠãäÀ¦ãã ½ãâ•ãîÀ ‡ãŠñÊããè

(½ããÞãÃ 2012). „ÀÊãñÊãã 0.61 ‡ãŠãñ›ãèÞãã ŒãÞãÃ ¦ãñÀãÌ¾ãã ãäÌã§ã ‚ãã¾ããñØã 2012-13 Þ¾ãã ãä¶ããä£ã¦ãî¶ã

‡ãŠÀ¥¾ãã¦ã ‚ããÊãã.

‡ãŠâ¨ãã›ªãÀãÊãã ØãõÀÌãã•ãÌããè Êãã»ã

½ãÖãÀãÓ›È ÔããÌãÃ•ããä¶ã‡ãŠ ºããâ£ã‡ãŠã½ã ÊãñŒãã ÔãâãäÖ¦ãñÞ¾ãã ¹ããäÀÞœñª 10.2.21 ‚ã¶ãìÔããÀ ‡ãŠâ¨ãã›ªãÀãÊãã,

‡ãŠã½ããÞ¾ãã •ããØããè ‚ãã¥ãÊãñÊ¾ãã ÔãããäÖ¦¾ããÞ¾ãã ¹ãÆãä¦ã¼ãîãä¦ãÌãÀ, ‚ãÍãã ÔãããäÖ¦¾ããÞ¾ãã ½ãîÊ¾ããÞ¾ãã 75 ›‡ã‹‡ãŠñ

¹ãñàãã •ããÔ¦ã ‚ãÔã¥ããÀ ¶ããÖãè ƒ¦ã‡ãŠñ ‚ããäØãÆ½ã (¹ãÆãä¦ã¼ãî¦ã ‚ããäØãÆ½ã) ãäªÊ¾ãã •ããƒÃÊã. ÍããÔã¶ããÞããè Öããä¶ã

Öãñ¥¾ããÔã ¹ãÆãä¦ãºãâ£ã ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ããÔããŸãè, ¹ãÆ¼ããÀãè ‚ããä¼ã¾ãâ¦¾ãã¶ãñ ÔãããäÖ¦¾ããÞããè ŒãÀñªãè ºããè•ã‡ãŠñ

‡ãŠâ¨ãã›ªãÀã‡ãŠ¡î¶ã ¹ãÆã¹¦ã ‡ãŠÀãÌã¾ããÔã ÖÌããè ‚ãããä¥ã ÔãããäÖ¦¾ã ‡ãŠã½ããÞ¾ãã •ããØããè ‚ãã¥ãÊãñ ØãñÊãñ ‚ããÖñ ¾ããÞããè

Ôãì®ã Œãã¨ããè ‡ãŠÀŠ¶ã Ü¾ããÌã¾ããÔã ÖÌããè.


31

ÔããÌãÃ•ããä¶ã‡ãŠ ºããâ£ã‡ãŠã½ã ãäÌã¼ããØã, ¶ããâªñ¡ ¶ãñ ‘ºããÀ¡-½ãìŒãñ¡-½ããÊã‡ãŠÌãŸã ½ããØããÃÞ¾ãã ãä‡ãŠ.½ããè. 0/00 ¦ãñ

8/00 ¾ãã ½ã£¾ãñ Ôãì£ããÀ¥ãñÞãñ ‡ãŠã½ã’ ‡ãŠñâªÆãè¾ã ½ããØãÃ ãä¶ããä£ã ŒããÊããè ` 5.56 ‡ãŠãñ›ãèâ¶ãã ãäªÊãñ

(‚ããùØãÔ› 2009). ‡ãŠâ¨ãã›ªãÀãÊãã ãäªÊãñÊ¾ãã ` 2.81 ‡ãŠãñ›ãè ¹ãÆãä¦ã¼ãî¦ã ‚ããäØãÆ½ãã½ã£¾ãñ (½ããÞãÃ 2010) 420

½ãñ.›¶ã ãäºã›ì½ã¶ãÞ¾ãã ` 1.03 ‡ãŠãñ›ãè ½ãîÊ¾ããÞãã Ôã½ããÌãñÍã Öãñ¦ãã. ÊãñŒãã¹ãÀãèàãã ¹ã¡¦ããß¥ããè¦ã ‚ãÔãñ

‚ãã¤ßÊãñ ‡ãŠãè •ãÀãè ‡ãŠã½ããÌãÀãèÊã ãäºã›ì½ã¶ãÞãã ¹ãÆ¦¾ãàã Ìãã¹ãÀ ¹ãŠ‡ã‹¦ã 288 ½ãñ.›¶ã ‚ãÔãÊãã ¦ãÀãè

ãäºã›ì½ã¶ãÞ¾ãã 132 ½ãñ.›¶ã ƒ¦ã‡ã‹¾ãã •ããªã ¹ããäÀ½ãã¥ããÌãÀ ` 32.37 Êãàã

26

ƒ¦ã‡ãŠñ ¹ãÆãä¦ã¼ãî¦ã ‚ããäØãÆ½ã

‡ãŠâ¨ãã›ªãÀãÊãã ¹ãÆªã¶ã ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ãã¦ã ‚ããÊãñ. ½ãñ 2013 ½ã£¾ãñ ‡ãŠâ¨ãã›ªãÀãÊãã ‚ãâãä¦ã½ã ¼ãìØã¦ãã¶ã ¹ãÆªã¶ã

‡ãŠÀ¥¾ãã¦ã ‚ããÊãñ. ãäÍãÌãã¾ã, ‡ãŠâ¨ãã›ªãÀã¶ãñ ÔããªÀ ‡ãŠñÊãñÊããè ŒãÀñªãè ºããè•ã‡ãŠñ ãä¡ÔãñâºãÀ 2008 ¦ãñ •ãìÊãõ

2009 ¾ãã ‡ãŠãÊããÌã£ããèÞããè ½Ö¥ã•ãñ ‡ãŠâ¨ãã›ªãÀãÊãã ‡ãŠã½ã ªñ¥¾ãã¹ãîÌããèÃÞ¾ãã ‡ãŠãÊããÌã£ããèÞããè Öãñ¦ããè.

ãä¶ãØãÃ½ã¶ã ¹ããäÀÓãªñ¦ã ÔããäÞãÌã (½ããØãÃ), ÔããÌãÃ•ããä¶ã‡ãŠ ºããâ£ã‡ãŠã½ã ãäÌã¼ããØãã¶ãñ ÊãñŒãã¹ãÀãèàãã ãä¶ãÀãèàã¥ã ½ãã¶¾ã

‡ãŠñÊãñ (‚ããù‡ã‹›ãñºãÀ 2013).

2.1.9 Ìã¶ã ãäÌã»ããØããÞ½ãã ‚ã¶ãì¼ã¦ããè‡ãŠÀãè¦ãã ÀãñŒãÊãñÊããè ‡ãŠã¼ãñ

Ìã¶ã ÔãâÀàã¥ã ‚ããä£ããä¶ã¾ã½ã, 1980 ½ã£¾ãñ ‚ãÔãñ ãäÌããä¶ããäªÃÓ› ‡ãŠñÊãñ ‚ããÖñ ‡ãŠãè Ìã¶ã •ã½ããè¶ã, ¹ã¾ããÃÌãÀ¥ã Ìã

Ìã¶ã ½ãâ¨ããÊã¾ããÞ¾ãã ¹ãîÌãÃ ¹ãÀÌãã¶ãØããè ãäÍãÌãã¾ã Ìã¶ãñ¦ãÀ Öñ¦ãîÔããŸãè Ìãã¹ãÀÊ¾ãã •ãã„Š ¶ã¾ãñ. ¾ãããäÍãÌãã¾ã,

½ãÖãÀãÓ›È ÔããÌãÃ•ããä¶ã‡ãŠ ºããâ£ã‡ãŠã½ã ãä¶ã¾ã½ã¹ãìãäÔ¦ã‡ãŠñÞãã ¹ããäÀÞœñª 251 ‚ããÌãÍ¾ã‡ãŠ ‚ãÔãÊãñÊ¾ãã •ããä½ããä¶ãÞãã

¦ããºãã Üãñ¦ãÊ¾ãã ãäÍãÌãã¾ã ‡ãŠã½ã ÔãìÀŠ ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ããÔã ¹ãÀãÌãð§ã ‡ãŠÀ¦ããñ.

ÊãñŒãã¹ãÀãèàãñÔã ‚ãÔãñ ãä¶ãªÍãÃ¶ããÔã ‚ããÊãñ ‡ãŠãè ¶ã½ãî¶ãã ÞããÞã¥ããè ‡ãŠñÊãñÊ¾ãã ªãñ¶ã ãäÌã¼ããØãã¦ããèÊã ªãñ¶ã

‡ãŠã½ããâ½ã£¾ãñ ÌãÀãèÊã ¦ãÀ¦ãîªãè ¹ããßÊ¾ãã ØãñÊ¾ãã ¶ããÖãè, ¦¾ããÞãã ¦ã¹ãÍããèÊã ¦ã‡ã‹¦ãã 6 ½ã£¾ãñ ãäªÊãã ‚ããÖñ:

¦ã‡ã‹¦ãã 6: Ìã¶ã ãäÌã»ããØããÞ½ãã ‚ã¶ãì¼ã¦ããè‡ãŠÀãè¦ãã ÀãñŒãÊãñÊ½ãã ‡ãŠã¼ããâÞãã ¦ã¹ãÍããèÊã

ãäÌã¼ããØã ‡ãŠã¼ããÞãã ¦ã¹ãÍããèÊã „§ãÀ


ºããâ£ã‡ãŠã½ã

ãäÌã¼ããØã - II,

¶ããØã¹ãîÀ

¶ããºãã¡Ã

'Œãã¹ãÀãè-ãäÊãâØãã-Êã¡ãƒÃ-ºãã•ããÀØããÌã ½ããØãÃ 10/700 ãä‡ãŠ.½ããè.¦ãñ 12/500 ãä‡ãŠ.½ããè. (½ãì.ãä•ã.½ãã.-10) Þããè

Ôãì£ããÀ¥ãã, ºãß‡ãŠ›ãè‡ãŠÀ¥ã Ìã ¡ãâºãÀãè‡ãŠÀ¥ã (†Ôã›ãèºããè›ãè)' Þãñ ‡ãŠã½ã ` 62.38 Êãàã ãä‡ãŠâ½ã¦ããè¦ã ãäªÊãñ

Öãñ¦ãñ (¹ãŠñºãÆìÌããÀãè 2009). ¾ããÞã ÀÔ¦¾ããÞ¾ãã 12/500 ¦ãñ 15/500 Þãñ ªîÔãÀñ ‡ãŠã½ã ªîÔãÅ ¾ãã

‡ãŠâ¨ãã›ªãÀãÊãã ` 1.44 ‡ãŠãñ›ãèâ¶ãã ãäªÊãñ (¶ããñÌÖñâºãÀ 2009) Öãñ¦ãñ. ¹ã¾ããÃÌãÀ¥ã Ìã Ìã¶ã ãäÌãÓã¾ã‡ãŠ ¶ãã

ÖÀ‡ãŠ¦ã ¹ãÆ½ãã¥ã¹ã¨ã ¹ã¾ããÃÌãÀ¥ã Ìã Ìã¶ã ½ãâ¨ããÊã¾ãã‡ãŠ¡î¶ã ¹ãÆã¹¦ã ¶ã ¢ããÊ¾ãã½ãìßñ ªãñ¶Öãè ‡ãŠã½ãñ ©ããâºãÌããÌããè

ÊããØãÊããè (•ãã¶ãñÌããÀãè 2011). ‡ãŠâ¨ãã›ªãÀã¶ãñ ¹ãŠ‡ã‹¦ã ºãß‡ãŠ›ãè‡ãŠÀ¥ããÞãñ ‡ãŠã½ã ãä¶ãÓ¹ãããäª¦ã ‡ãŠñÊãñ •¾ããÔããŸãè

¦¾ããÊãã 1.42 ‡ãŠãñ›ãè ¹ãÆªã¶ã ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ãã¦ã ‚ããÊãñ (½ããÞãÃ 2013). ¡ãâºãÀãè‡ãŠÀ¥ã ‡ãŠã½ããÞãñ ãä¶ãÓ¹ããª¶ã ¶ã

¢ããÊ¾ãã½ãìßñ ¦ããñ ÀÔ¦ãã ÔãÌãÃ ¨ãÉ¦ãìâ ½ã£¾ãñ Ìãã¹ãÀ¥¾ãã¦ã ¾ãñ„Š Íã‡ãŠñÊã ‚ãÔãã ¢ããÊãã ¶ããÖãè ‚ãããä¥ã ÀÔ¦¾ããÞãã

ãä›‡ãŠã„Š¹ã¥ãã ‡ãŠ½ããè ¢ããÊãã.

ãä¶ãØãÃ½ã¶ã

¹ããäÀÓãªñ¦ã

ÔããäÞãÌã

(½ããØãÃ),



ãäÌã¼ããØã

¾ããâ¶ããè

ÊãñŒãã¹ãÀãèàãã

ãä¶ãÀãèàã¥ã

½ãã¶¾ã ‡ãŠñÊãñ

(‚ããù‡ã‹›ãñºãÀ

2013).



ãäÌã¼ããØã

(Àãñ.Ö.¾ããñ.),

Øããñâãäª¾ãã

‡ãŠñ¶ªÆãè½ã ¼ããØãÃ ãä¶ããä£ã

'ÔããâØã¡ãè-¶ãÌãñØããÌã-ØããñŸ¥ãØããÌã-‡ãŠñÍããñÀãè ½ããØãÃ (½ãì.ãä•ã.½ãã.-35) Þ¾ãã ãä‡ãŠ.½ããè. 12/00 ¦ãñ 24/00 Þããè

Ôãì£ããÀ¥ãã' ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ããÞãñ ‡ãŠã½ã ` 3.14 ‡ãŠãñ›ãèâ¶ãã ãäªÊãñ Öãñ¦ãñ (¹ãŠñºãÆìÌããÀãè 2012). •ãÀãè ½ããØããÃÞãñ ‡ãŠã½ã

Ìã¶ã •ããä½ã¶ããè¦ãî¶ã ãä¶ãÓ¹ãããäª¦ã ‡ãŠñÊãñ •ãã¦ã Öãñ¦ãñ, ¦ãÀãèÖãè ‡ãŠã½ã ¹ãÆãÀâ¼ã ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ãã¹ãîÌããèÃ Ìã¶ã ãäÌã¼ããØãã‡ãŠ¡î¶ã

¶ãã ÖÀ‡ãŠ¦ã ¹ãÆ½ãã¥ã¹ã¨ã Üãñ¦ãÊ¾ãã ØãñÊãñ ¶ããÖãè. Ìã¶ã ãäÌã¼ããØãã¶ãñ ¾ãã ‡ãŠã½ããÞ¾ãã ãä¶ãÓ¹ããª¶ããÊãã ‚ããàãñ¹ã

Üãñ¦ãÊãã Ìã ¦¾ãã½ãìßñ ¦ãñ ‡ãŠã½ã ` 44.65 Êãàã ŒãÞãÃ ¢ããÊ¾ãã¶ãâ¦ãÀ ©ããâºããäÌã¥¾ãã¦ã ‚ããÊãñ.

26 (` 1.03 ‡ãŠãñ›ãè ÿ 420 ½ãñ. ›¶ã) X 132 ½ãñ. ›¶ã.


32

2.1.10 Øãì¥ãÌã§ãã ãä¶ã¾ãâ¨ã¥ã

Øãì¥ãÌã§ãñÞããè Œãã¨ããè ‡ãŠÀŠ¶ã Üãñ¥¾ããÔããŸãè ‡ãŠâ¨ãã›ªãÀã¶ãñ Øãì¥ãÌã§ãã ‚ããÍÌããÔã¶ã ¾ããñ•ã¶ãã ¦ã¾ããÀ ‡ãŠÀãÌã¾ããÔã

¹ãããäÖ•ãñ ‚ãããä¥ã ‡ãŠã¾ããÃªñÍã ãäªÊ¾ããÞ¾ãã ¦ããÀŒãñ¹ããÔãî¶ã †‡ãŠ ½ããäÖ¶¾ããÞ¾ãã ‚ãã¦ã ¦ãñ ¹ãÆ¼ããÀãè

‚ããä¼ã¾ãâ¦¾ãã‡ãŠ¡î¶ã ½ãâ•ãîÀ ‡ãŠÀŠ¶ã Ü¾ããÌã¾ããÔã ¹ãããäÖ•ãñ. ãä¶ãÓ¹ããª¶ã ‡ãŠÀãÌã¾ããÔããŸãè Üãñ¦ãÊãñÊ¾ãã ‡ãŠã½ããâÞããè

Øãì¥ãÌã§ãã ¹ãÆã¹¦ã ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ããÞããè ãä¶ããäÍÞã¦ããè ‡ãŠã½ããâÞãñ ¾ããñØ¾ã ‚ããä¼ãÊãñŒã, ‚ããä¼ãÊãñŒããâÞãñ ¾ããñØ¾ã ¹ãÆ½ãã¥ããè‡ãŠÀ¥ã,

ÞããÞã¥ããè ÔãîÞããè ŸñÌã¥ãñ ‚ãããä¥ã ÞããÞã¥¾ããâÞ¾ãã ¹ããäÀ¥ãã½ããâÞããè Àãñ•ãÌãÖãè ŸñÌã¥ãñ ¾ãã´ãÀñ ‡ãŠÀãÌã¾ããÔã

¹ãããäÖ•ãñ. ‚ãÍãã ‚ããä¼ãÊãñŒããâÞãñ ‡ãŠâ¨ãã›ªãÀã¶ãñ ÔãìÀŠÌãã¦ããè¹ããÔãî¶ã Ôãâ‡ãŠÊã¶ã ‡ãŠÀãÌã¾ããÔã ¹ãããäÖ•ãñ, ¦¾ããÔã

‚ã²ã¾ããÌã¦ã ‡ãŠÀãÌã¾ããÔã ¹ãããäÖ•ãñ ‚ãããä¥ã ¦¾ããÞãñ ‚ã¶ãì¹ãìÀ‡ãŠ ŸñÌããÌã¾ããÔã ¹ãããäÖ•ãñ.

2.1.10.1 Øãì¥ããä¶ã½ãâ¨ã¥ã ÞããÞã¥½ãã ¶ã ‡ãŠÀ¦ãã ‡ãŠã¼ããâÞãñ ãä¶ãÓ¹ããª¶ã

‡ãŠãâù‡ãÆŠãè› ºããºããèâÞããè ‡ãŠã½ãñ ãäÌããä¶ãªñÃÍããâ¹ãÆ½ãã¥ãñ ãä¶ãÓ¹ããª¶ã ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ããÔããŸãè, ‡ãŠâ¨ãã›ªãÀãÊãã, ÍããÔã‡ãŠãè¾ã Øãì¥ã

ãä¶ã¾ãâ¨ã¥ã ¹ãÆ¾ããñØãÍããßñ¦ã ãäÔã½ãñâ› ‡ãŠâùã‡ãÆŠãè› Üã¶ããâÞãñ ¶ã½ãì¶ãñ ÞããÞã¥ããè ‡ãŠÀ¥ãñ ‚ãããä¥ã ¹ããäÀ¥ãã½ã ‡ãŠã¾ãÃ‡ãŠãÀãè

‚ããä¼ã¾ãâ¦¾ããÊãã ÔããªÀ ‡ãŠÀ¥ãñ ‚ããÌãÍ¾ã‡ãŠ Öãñ¦ãñ. ¾ãã‡ãŠãäÀ¦ãã Ôãã¦ã ãäªÌãÔã ¢ããÊãñÊ¾ãã ãäÔã½ãñâ› ‡ãŠãâù‡ãÆŠãè›Þ¾ãã

¦ããè¶ã Üã¶ããâÞããè ÞããÞã¥ããè ‚ãããä¥ã 28 ãäªÌãÔã ¢ããÊãñÊ¾ãã ¦ããè¶ã Üã¶ããâÞããè ÞããÞã¥ããè ‡ãŠÀãÌã¾ããÞããè Öãñ¦ããè.

ÔãÖã ‡ãŠã½ããâ½ã£¾ãñ (ÞããÀ ãäÌã¼ããØãã¦ã) ãäÔã½ãñâ› ‡ãŠãâù‡ãÆŠãè› ‡ãŠñÊ¾ãã¶ãâ¦ãÀ Þ¾ãã ¦ããÀŒãñ¹ããÔã î¶ã 41 ãäªÌãÔã ¦ãñ

646 ãäªÌãÔãã¶ãâ¦ãÀ Üã¶ããâÌãÀ ÞããÞã¥¾ãã Üãñ¥¾ãã¦ã ‚ããÊ¾ãã (¹ããäÀãäÍãÓ› 2.1.3). ‚ãÍãã ¹ãÆ‡ãŠãÀñ, ¾ãã ÔãÖã

‡ãŠã½ãã¦ã ãä¶ãÓ¹ããª¶ã ‡ãŠñÊãñÊ¾ãã ãäÔã½ãñâ› ‡ãŠãâù‡ãÆŠãè›Þ¾ãã ºããºããèâÞããè ãäÌããä¶ããäªÃÃÓ› Øãì¥ãÌã§ãã ‡ãŠâ¨ãã›ªãÀã¶ãñ Ôãã£¾ã

‡ãŠñÊ¾ããÞããè Œãã¨ããè ¶ãÌÖ¦ããè.

ãä¶ãØãÃ½ã¶ã ¹ããäÀÓãªñ¦ã ÔããäÞãÌã (½ããØãÃ), ÔããÌãÃ•ããä¶ã‡ãŠ ºããâ£ã‡ãŠã½ã ãäÌã¼ããØã ¾ããâ¶ããè ÊãñŒãã¹ãÀãèàãã ãä¶ãÀãèàã¥ã

ÔÌããè‡ãŠãÀ ‡ãŠñÊãñ (‚ããù‡ã‹›ãñºãÀ 2013).

¾ããŒãñÀãè•ã, ãä¶ããäÌãªñÞ¾ãã ãäÌããä¶ãªñÃÍããâ¹ãÆ½ãã¥ãñ, ‡ãŠã½ããâ¶ãã ¹ãÆãÀâ¼ã ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ãã¹ãîÌããèÃ, ÀÔ¦¾ããâÞããè ‡ãŠã½ãñ ãä¶ãÓ¹ããª¶ã

‡ãŠÀ¥ããÅ ¾ãã ‡ãŠâ¨ãã›ªãÀãâ¶ããè, ÀÔ¦¾ããâÞ¾ãã ‡ãŠã½ããÌãÀ Ìãã¹ãÀÊ¾ãã •ãã¥ããÅ ¾ãã ãäºã›ì½ã¶ã Ìã ƒ¦ãÀ ÔãããäÖ¦¾ããÞãñ,

ÍããÔã‡ãŠãè¾ã Øãì¥ã ãä¶ã¾ãâ¨ã¥ã ¹ãÆ¾ããñØã Íããßñ¦ãî¶ã ¹ãÆã¹¦ã ‡ãŠñÊãñÊãñ ÞããÞã¥ããè ¹ããäÀ¥ãã½ã ÔããªÀ ‡ãŠñÊãñ ¹ãããäÖ•ãñ¦ã.

½ãÖãÀãÓ›È ÍããÔã¶ãã¶ãñ (¶ããñÌÖñâºãÀ 2012) ¦ãñÀãÌ¾ãã ãäÌã§ã ‚ãã¾ããñØã ‚ãâ¦ãØãÃ¦ã '†½ã†Ôã†Þã-II ½ãìâºãƒÃ-ÊããñÖã

½ããØããÃÞ¾ãã ãä‡ãŠ.½ããè. 493/00 ¦ãñ 496/00 ½ã£¾ãñ ¡ãâºãÀãè‡ãŠÀ¥ããÞ¾ãã ¶ãì¦ã¶ããè‡ãŠÀ¥ããÞãñ' ‡ãŠã½ã ½ãâ•ãîÀ ‡ãŠñÊãñ.

‡ãŠã¾ãÃ‡ãŠãÀãè ‚ããä¼ã¾ãâ¦ãã, ÔããÌãÃ•ããä¶ã‡ãŠ ºããâ£ã‡ãŠã½ã ãäÌã¼ããØã, ¶ããâªñ¡ ¾ããâ¶ããè Öñ ‡ãŠã½ã 15 ¹ãŠñºãÆìÌããÀãè 2013 Êãã

` 1.25 ‡ãŠãñ›ãè ãä‡ãŠâ½ã¦ããè¦ã ªãñ¶ã ½ããäÖ¶¾ãã¦ã ¹ãî¥ãÃ ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ãã‡ãŠãäÀ¦ãã ãäªÊãñ. ‡ãŠâ¨ãã›ªãÀã¶ãñ, ‡ãŠâ¨ãã›ãÞ¾ãã

ãä¶ããäÌãªã Íã¦ããèÃ¹ãÆ½ãã¥ãñ, ‚ããÌãÍ¾ã‡ãŠ ÞããÞã¥ããè ‚ãÖÌããÊã ÔããªÀ ‡ãŠñÊãñ. ¹ãÀâ¦ãì ÊãñŒãã¹ãÀãèàãñÔã ‚ãÔãñ ‚ãã¤ßÊãñ

‡ãŠãè ÔãããäÖ¦¾ã ÞããÞã¥ããè ¹ããäÀ¥ãã½ã 31 •ãã¶ãñÌããÀãè 2013 ½Ö¥ã•ãñ, ãä¶ããäÌãªã ºããñÊããÌã¥¾ãã ‚ãã£ããè

(8 ¹ãŠñºãÆìÌããÀãè 2013) ‚ãããä¥ã ‡ãŠã½ã ºãÖãÊããèÞ¾ãã (15 ¹ãŠñºãÆìÌããÀãè 2013) ‚ãã£ããèÞ¾ãã ¦ããÀŒãñÞãñ Öãñ¦ãñ, •ãñ

Øãâ¼ããèÀãäÀ¦¾ãã ãä¶ã¾ã½ãºããÛã Öãñ¦ãñ.

2.1.10.2 ‚ã¹ãìÅ ½ãã Øãì¥ã ãä¶ã½ãâ¨ã¥ã ÞããÞã¥½ãã

¼ããÀ¦ã ÔãÀ‡ãŠãÀ¶ãñ ‡ãŠñâªÆãè¾ã ½ããØãÃ ãä¶ããä£ã ‚ãâ¦ãØãÃ¦ã 'Ìãã¦ãìÀ-ãä•ãâ¦ãìÀ-‚ããõâ¤ã ½ããØãÃ †Ôã†Þã-220 Þãñ

ãä‡ãŠ.½ããè.19/00 ¦ãñ 29/00 ½ã£ããèÊã Ôãì£ããÀ¥ãã' Þãñ ‡ãŠã½ã ½ãâ•ãîÀ ‡ãŠñÊãñ (‚ããù‡ã‹›ãñºãÀ 2008). •¾ããÔããŸãè

½ãìŒ¾ã ‚ããä¼ã¾ãâ¦ãã, ÔããÌãÃ•ããä¶ã‡ãŠ ºããâ£ã‡ãŠã½ã àãñ¨ã, ‚ããõÀâØããºããª ¾ããâ¶ããè ` 5.50 ‡ãŠãñ›ãèâÞããè ¦ããâãä¨ã‡ãŠ ½ãâ•ãìÀãè


33

ãäªÊããè (ãä¡ÔãñâºãÀ 2008). ‡ãŠã½ããÞ¾ãã Ì¾ãããä¹¦ã¦ã, ƒ¦ãÀ ºããºããèâÔãÖ Þãñ¶ãñ•ã ãä‡ãŠ.½ããè. 19/00 ¦ãñ 26/700

½ã£¾ãñ ‚ã¦¾ãããä£ã‡ãŠ ¹ãã¥¾ããÞ¾ãã ãä¶ã:ÔÔããÀ¥ããÔããŸãè ‚ããäÔ¦ã¦Ìãã¦ããèÊã ¹ãðÓŸ¼ããØã Œããñª¥¾ããÞãã Ôã½ããÌãñÍã

Öãñ¦ãã. Œããñª‡ãŠã½ããÞããè •ããØãã ¾ããñØ¾ã ÔãããäÖ¦¾ãã¶ãñ ¹ãì¶ã¼ãÃÀ¥ã ‡ãŠÀãÌã¾ããÞããè Öãñ¦ããè. ãä¶ããäÌãªñ¦ã ¦ãÀ¦ãîª

‡ãŠñÊãñÊ¾ãã ¹ãì¶ã¼ãÃÀ¥ããÞ¾ãã ºããºããèÞ¾ãã ãäÌããä¶ãªñÃÍãã¦ã ‚ãÔãñ ãäÌããä¶ããäªÃÃÓ› Öãñ¦ãñ ‡ãŠãè ¾ãã ºããºããèâÞ¾ãã ãä¶ãÓ¹ããª¶ããÊãã

¹ãÆãÀâ¼ã ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ãã¹ãîÌããèÃ, ‡ãŠâ¨ãã›ªãÀã¶ãñ ¹ãì¶ã¼ãÃÀ¥ããÔããŸãè Ìãã¹ãÀ¥¾ãã¦ã ¾ãñ¥ããÅ ¾ãã ÔãããäÖ¦¾ããÞããè ÞããÞã¥ããè

27

‡ãŠÀŠ¶ã Üãñ¦ãÊããè ¹ãããäÖ•ãñ. •ãÀ ÞããÞã¥¾ãã ãäÌããä¶ãªñÃÍãã¹ãÆ½ãã¥ãñ Üãñ¥¾ãã¦ã ‚ããÊ¾ãã ¶ãÔã¦ããèÊã ¦ãÀ ãä¶ããäÌãªñÞ¾ãã

‚ã›ãèâ½ã£¾ãñ ¹ãì¶ã¼ãÃÀ¥ããÞ¾ãã ºããºããèâ ‡ãŠÀãè¦ãã ªñ¾ã À‡ãŠ½ãñÞ¾ãã 15 ›‡ã‹‡ãŠñ À‡ã‹‡ãŠ½ã ÀãñŒãî¶ã £ãÀ¥¾ããÞããè Ôãì®ã

¦ãÀ¦ãîª Öãñ¦ããè.

‡ãŠã¾ãÃ‡ãŠãÀãè ‚ããä¼ã¾ãâ¦ãã, ÔããÌãÃ•ããä¶ã‡ãŠ ºããâ£ã‡ãŠã½ã ãäÌã¼ããØã, ¹ãÀ¼ã¥ããè ¾ããâÞ¾ãã ‚ããä¼ãÊãñŒããâÞ¾ãã ÊãñŒãã¹ãÀãèàãã

œã¶ã¶ããè¦ã ‚ãÔãñ ãä¶ãªÍãÃ¶ããÔã ‚ããÊãñ ‡ãŠãè †‡ãŠ ‡ãŠã½ã ` 5.44 ‡ãŠãñ›ãè ¾ãã ½ãîÊ¾ãã¶ãñ ãäªÊãñ (•ãã¶ãñÌããÀãè 2010)

Öãñ¦ãñ. ‡ãŠâ¨ãã›ªãÀãÊãã ¹ãÆªã¶ã ‡ãŠñÊãñÊ¾ãã 11 Ì¾ãã Ìã ‚ãâãä¦ã½ã ªñ¾ã‡ãŠã¹ã¾ãÃâ¦ã (ãä¡ÔãñâºãÀ 2012)

¹ãì¶ã¼ãÃÀ¥ããÔããŸãè Ìãã¹ãÀÊãñÊ¾ãã 8,557.43 Üã¶ã ½ããè. ªã¥ãñªãÀ Ôãºã-ºãñÔã ÔãããäÖ¦¾ãã‡ãŠãäÀ¦ãã 28 ÞããÞã¥ããè

¹ããäÀ¥ãã½ã ÔããªÀ ‡ãŠÀãÌã¾ããÞãñ Öãñ¦ãñ, •¾ãã¹ãõ‡ãŠãè ¹ãŠ‡ã‹¦ã †‡ãŠ ÞããÞã¥ããè ¹ããäÀ¥ãã½ã ÔããªÀ ‡ãŠñÊãã ØãñÊãã.

¦ã©ãããä¹ã, ¹ãì¶ã¼ãÃÀ¥ããÔããŸãè ‚ãÔãÊãñÊ¾ãã Ôãâ¹ãî¥ãÃ À‡ã‹‡ãŠ½ãñÞ¾ãã 15 ›‡ã‹‡ãŠñ ½Ö¥ã•ãñÞã ` 13.67 Êãàã ÀãñŒãî¶ã

¶ã £ãÀ¦ãã ‡ãŠâ¨ãã›ªãÀãÊãã ¹ãî¥ãÃ À‡ã‹‡ãŠ½ã ` 91.14 Êãàã ªñ¥¾ãã¦ã ‚ããÊããè.

2.1.11 Ôãâãä¶ã¾ãâ¨ã¥ã

‡ãŠñ¶ªÆ ÍããÔã¶ã, ½ãÖãÀãÓ›È ÍããÔã¶ã Ìã ¶ããºãã¡Ã ¾ããâ¶ããè ãä¶ãØãÃãä½ã¦ã ‡ãŠñÊãñÊ¾ãã ½ããØãÃªÍãÃ‡ãŠ ¦ã¦Ìããâ¶ãìÔããÀ

‡ãŠã½ããâÞãñ ãä¶ãÓ¹ããª¶ã Öãñ¥¾ããÞããè ãä¶ããäÍÞã¦ããè ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ããÔããŸãè ¦ããè¶ãÖãè ¾ããñ•ã¶ãñ ‚ãâ¦ãØãÃ¦ã ‡ãŠã½ããâÞãñ ÔãÌãÃ

Ô¦ãÀãÌãÀ ãä¶ã¾ããä½ã¦ã Ôãâãä¶ã¾ãâ¨ã¥ã ‚ã¦¾ããÌãÍ¾ã‡ãŠ ‚ããÖñ. ÊãñŒãã¹ãÀãèàã¥ãã¦ã ŒããÊããèÊã ¨ãì›ãè ãä¶ãªÍãÃ¶ããÔã

‚ããÊ¾ãã :

2.1.11.1 ‡ãŠñâªÆãè½ã ¼ããØãÃ ãä¶ããä£ã ‚ãâ¦ãØãÃ¦ã ‡ãŠã¼ãñ

‡ãŠñâªÆãè¾ã ½ããØãÃ ãä¶ããä£ã ãä¶ã¾ã½ã, 2007 Þ¾ãã ãä¶ã¾ã½ã 11(1) ½ã£¾ãñ, ‡ãŠã¾ããÃ¶Ìã¾ã¶ã ‡ãŠÀ¥ããÅ ¾ãã

¹ãÆããä£ã‡ãŠÀ¥ããâ¶ããè, ‡ãŠã½ã ¹ãî¥ãÃ ¢ããÊ¾ããÌãÀ ÊãØãñÞã ÊãñŒãã¹ãÀãèàãñ ´ãÀñ ¹ã¡¦ããß¥ããè ¶ãâ¦ãÀ, ¹ãÆ‡ãŠÊ¹ã ¹ãî¥ãÃ¦ãã

‚ãÖÌããÊã ÔããªÀ ‡ãŠÀ¥ãñ ‡ãŠÀãÀãä¶ããäÌãÓ› ‚ããÖñ.

½ãìŒ¾ã ‚ããä¼ã¾ãâ¦ãã, ÔããÌãÃ•ããä¶ã‡ãŠ ºããâ£ã‡ãŠã½ã àãñ¨ã, ½ãìâºãƒÃ ¾ããâÞ¾ãã ‚ããä¼ãÊãñŒããâÞ¾ãã œã¶ã¶ããè¦ã ‚ãÔãñ

ãä¶ãªÍãÃ¶ããÔã ‚ããÊãñ ‡ãŠãè 2008-11 ¾ãã ‡ãŠãÊããÌã£ããè¦ã ½ããØãÃ ¹ããäÀÌãÖ¶ã Ìã ÀãÓ›Èãè¾ã ½ãÖã½ããØãÃ ½ãâ¨ããÊã¾ãã¶ãñ

½ãâ•ãîÀ ‡ãŠñÊãñÊ¾ãã 237 ¹ãÆ‡ãŠÊ¹ããâ¹ãõ‡ãŠãè 112 ¹ãÆ‡ãŠÊ¹ããâÞ¾ãã ºããºã¦ããè¦ã ‡ãŠã¾ããÃ¶Ìã¾ã¶ã ‡ãŠÀ¥ããÅ ¾ãã

¹ãÆããä£ã‡ãŠÀ¥ããâ¶ããè ÊãñŒãã¹ãÀãèàã¥ãããäÍãÌãã¾ã ¹ãÆ‡ãŠÊ¹ã ¹ãî¥ãÃ¦ãã ‚ãÖÌããÊã ÔããªÀ ‡ãŠñÊãñ Öãñ¦ãñ (½ããÞãÃ 2013).

ãä¶ãØãÃ½ã¶ã ¹ããäÀÓãªñ¦ã, ÔããäÞãÌã (½ããØãÃ), ÔããÌãÃ•ããä¶ã‡ãŠ ºããâ£ã‡ãŠã½ã ãäÌã¼ããØã ¾ããâ¶ããè ÌãÔ¦ãìãäÔ©ã¦ããè ½ãã¶¾ã ‡ãŠñÊããè

‚ãããä¥ã ¶ã½ãîª ‡ãŠñÊãñ (‚ããù‡ã‹›ãñºãÀ 2013) ‡ãŠãè ¾ããºããºã¦ã ‚ããÌãÍ¾ã‡ãŠ ‚ã¶ãìªñÍã ãä¶ãØãÃãä½ã¦ã ‡ãŠñÊãñ •ãã¦ããèÊã.

27¹ãì¶ã¼ãÃÀ¥ãã‡ãŠãäÀ¦ãã Ìãã¹ãÀÊãñÊ¾ãã ¹ãÆ¦¾ãñ‡ãŠ 300 Üã.½ããè. ªã¥ãñªãÀ Ôãºã-ºãñÔã ÔãããäÖ¦¾ãã‡ãŠÀãè¦ãã CBR ÞããÞã¥ããè (ãä¼ã•ãÊãñÊãã Ìã ‡ãŠãñÀ¡ã) ‡ãŠÀ¥ãñ

‚ããÌãÍ¾ã‡ãŠ Öãñ¦ãñ. ÞããÞã¥ããè ¹ããäÀ¥ãã½ãã¦ã ¶ãõÔããäØãÃ‡ãŠ •ãÊããâÍã, ƒÓ›¦ã½ã •ãÊããâÍã / ½ãÖ§ã½ã ÍãìÓ‡ãŠ Üã¶ã¦ãã ƒ¦¾ãããäª ¶ã½ãîª ‡ãŠñÊãñ ¹ãããäÖ•ãñ.


34

‡ãŠñ¶ªÆãè¾ã ½ããØãÃ ãä¶ããä£ã ãä¶ã¾ã½ã, 2007 Þ¾ãã ãä¶ã¾ã½ã 11(3) ¶ãìÔããÀ ‡ãŠñâªÆ ÔãÀ‡ãŠãÀ¶ãñ ¨ãõ½ãããäÔã‡ãŠ ‚ãã£ããÀãÌãÀ

‡ãŠã½ããâÞãñ ¼ããõØããñãäÊã‡ãŠ ‚ãããä¥ã ‚ãããä©ãÃ‡ãŠ ¹ãÆØã¦ããèÞãñ ¹ãÀãèàã¥ã ‚ãããä¥ã ‡ãŠã¾ããÃ¶Ìã¾ã¶ã ‡ãŠÀ¥ããÅ ¾ãã

¹ãÆããä£ã‡ãŠÀ¥ããâÍããè (½ãìŒ¾ã ‚ããä¼ã¾ãâ¦ãã, ÔããÌãÃ•ããä¶ã‡ãŠ ºããâ£ã‡ãŠã½ã àãñ¨ã, ½ãìâºãƒÃ) ÞãÞããÃ ‡ãŠÀãÌã¾ããÔã ¹ãããäÖ•ãñ.

¦ã©ãããä¹ã, 2008-13 ªÀ½¾ãã¶ã 20 ºãõŸ‡ãŠãâ†ñÌã•ããè ¹ãŠ‡ã‹¦ã ÔãÖã ¹ããäÀàã¥ã ºãõŸ‡ãŠãè Üãñ¥¾ãã¦ã ‚ããÊ¾ãã.

‡ãŠñ¶ªÆãè¾ã ½ããØãÃ ãä¶ããä£ã ãä¶ã¾ã½ã, 2007 Þ¾ãã ãä¶ã¾ã½ã 10 (4) ‚ã¶Ìã¾ãñ àãñãä¨ã¾ã ‚ããä£ã‡ãŠãÀãè, ‚ã£ããèàã‡ãŠ

‚ããä¼ã¾ãâ¦ãã, ½ããØãÃ ¹ããäÀÌãÖ¶ã Ìã ÀãÓ›Èãè¾ã ½ãÖã½ããØãÃ ½ãâ¨ããÊã¾ã •¾ããâÞãñ ÌããÔ¦ãÌ¾ã ½ãìâºãƒÃ ¾ãñ©ãñ ‚ããÖñ, ¦¾ããâ¶ããè

‡ãŠã½ããâÞ¾ãã ½ãîÊ¾ããÞ¾ãã ‡ãŠ½ããè¦ã‡ãŠ½ããè 30 ›‡ã‹‡ãŠñ ‡ãŠã½ããâÞãñ ½ãîÊ¾ããâ‡ãŠ¶ã ‡ãŠã½ããâÞãñ ãä¶ãÓ¹ããª¶ã ½ãã¶ã‡ãŠ ‚ãããä¥ã

ãäÌããä¶ãªñÃÍã ¾ããâÞãñ ¶ãìÔããÀ Öãñ¦ã ‚ããÖñ ¾ããâÞããè Œãã¦ãÀ•ã½ãã ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ããÔããŸãè ‡ãŠÀãÌã¾ããÔã ¹ãããäÖ•ãñ. ¹ãÀâ¦ãì,

2008-13 ªÀ½¾ãã¶ã àãñãä¨ã¾ã ‚ããä£ã‡ãŠãÀãè, ‚ã£ããèàã‡ãŠ ‚ããä¼ã¾ãâ¦ãã, ½ããØãÃ ¹ããäÀÌãÖ¶ã Ìã ÀãÓ›Èãè¾ã ½ãÖã½ããØãÃ

½ãâ¨ããÊã¾ã ¾ããâ¶ããè ‡ãŠãñ¥ã¦¾ããÖãè ‡ãŠã½ããÞãñ ½ãîÊ¾ããâ‡ãŠ¶ã ‡ãŠñÊãñ ¶ããÖãè.

2.1.11.2 ¦ãñÀãÌ¾ãã ãäÌã§ã ‚ãã½ããñØããÞããè ‡ãŠã¼ãñ

‚ã¶ãìªã¶ããÞãñ ¾ããñØ¾ããäÀ¦¾ãã Ìãã¹ãÀãÞããè ãä¶ããäÍÞã¦ããè ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ããÔããŸãè ‚ãããä¥ã ãäÌã§ã ‚ãã¾ããñØãã¶ãñ ãäÌããä¶ããäªÃÓ›

‡ãŠñÊãñÊ¾ãã Íã¦ããèÃâ¶ãã £ãÀŠ¶ã ¹ãÆ¦¾ãàã Ìã ‚ãããä©ãÃ‡ãŠ „ãäÓ›ãâÞãñ Ôãâãä¶ã¾ãâ¨ã¥ã ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ããÔããŸãè Àã•¾ã Ô¦ãÀãÌãÀ

„ÞÞã Ô¦ãÀãè¾ã Ôãâãä¶ã¾ãâ¨ã¥ã Ôããä½ã¦ããè ØããäŸ¦ã ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ãã¦ã ‚ããÊããè Öãñ¦ããè. ¾ãã Öñ¦ãî‡ãŠãäÀ¦ãã, „ÞÞã Ô¦ãÀãè¾ã

Ôãâãä¶ã¾ãâ¨ã¥ã Ôããä½ã¦ããèÊãã ¨ãõ½ãããäÔã‡ãŠ ‚ãã£ããÀãÌãÀ ºãõŸ‡ãŠ Üãñ¥ãñ ‚ãããä¥ã ºãõŸ‡ãŠãèâÞãñ ‡ãŠã¾ãÃÌãð§ã ãäÌã§ã ½ãâ¨ããÊã¾ã,

Ì¾ã¾ã ãäÌã¼ããØã, ãäÌã§ã ‚ãã¾ããñØã ãäÌã¼ããØããÊãã ¹ããŸãäÌã¥ãñ ‚ããÌãÍ¾ã‡ãŠ Öãñ¦ãñ. Ôãã½ãã¶¾ã ãäÌã§ããè¾ã ãä¶ã¾ã½ã, 2005

‚ã¶ãìÔããÀ ½ãÖãÀãÓ›È ÍããÔã¶ãã¶ãñ ªñŒããèÊã ¹ãÆã¹¦ã ¢ããÊãñÊ¾ãã ÔãÖã¾¾ã‡ãŠ ‚ã¶ãìªã¶ããÞãñ „¹ã¾ããñ•ã¶ã ¹ãÆ½ãã¥ã¹ã¨ã

ÔããªÀ ‡ãŠÀ¥ãñ ‚ããÌãÍ¾ã‡ãŠ Öãñ¦ãñ.

ÊãñŒãã¹ãÀãèàãñÔã ‚ãÔãñ ãä¶ãªÍãÃ¶ããÔã ‚ããÊãñ ‡ãŠãè 2011-12 Ìã 2012-13 ¾ãã ÌãÓããÃ¦ã „ÞÞã Ô¦ãÀãè¾ã

Ôãâãä¶ã¾ãâ¨ã¥ã Ôããä½ã¦ããè¶ãñ ¹ãÆ¦¾ãñ‡ãŠãè ¹ãŠ‡ã‹¦ã †‡ãŠÞã ºãõŸ‡ãŠ ºããñÊãããäÌãÊããè. ¦ãÔãñÞã, „ÞÞã Ô¦ãÀãè¾ã Ôãâãä¶ã¾ãâ¨ã¥ã

Ôããä½ã¦ããè¶ãñ ¦ãñÀãÌ¾ãã ãäÌã§ã ‚ãã¾ããñØããÞ¾ãã ‡ãŠã½ããâÞãñ Ôãâãä¶ã¾ãâ¨ã¥ã ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ããÔããŸãè, ‡ãŠã¾ããÃ¶Ìã¾ã¶ã ‡ãŠÀ¥ããÅ ¾ãã

¹ãÆããä£ã‡ãŠÀ¥ããâÔããŸãè ‡ãŠìŸÊãñÖãè ‚ãÖÌããÊã/ãäÌãÌãÀ¥ãñ ãäÌããäÖ¦ã ‡ãŠñÊããè ¶ãÌÖ¦ããè. ½ãÖãÀãÓ›È ÍããÔã¶ãã¶ãñ 2011-12

¾ãã ÌãÓããÃ‡ãŠãäÀ¦ããÞãñ „¹ã¾ããñ•ã¶ã ¹ãÆ½ãã¥ã¹ã¨ã ¼ããÀ¦ã ÔãÀ‡ãŠãÀÊãã ‚ããùØãÔ› 2012 ½ã£¾ãñ ÔããªÀ ‡ãŠñÊãñ. •¾ããÞãã

¹ããäÀ¥ãã½ã 2012-13 ¾ãã ÌãÓããÃÞãñ ÔãÖã¾¾ã‡ãŠ ‚ã¶ãìªã¶ã ãäÌãÊãâºãã¶ãñ ãä½ãß¥¾ãã¦ã (½ããÞãÃ 2013) ¢ããÊãã,

•¾ãã½ãìßñ ‡ãŠã½ããâÞãñ ÌãñßñÌãÀ ãä¶ãÓ¹ããª¶ã Öãñ¥ãñ ºãããä£ã¦ã ¢ããÊãñ.

2.1.12 ãä¶ãÓ‡ãŠÓãÃ

‡ãŠã¾ãÃãäÔã®ãè ÊãñŒãã¹ãÀãèàã¥ãã¦ã ‚ãÔãñ ãä¶ãªÍãÃ¶ããÔã ‚ããÊãñ ‡ãŠãè 1981 ¦ãñ 2001 ¾ãã ‡ãŠãÊããÌã£ããèÞ¾ãã 20

ÌãÓããèÃ¾ã ½ããØãÃ ãäÌã‡ãŠãÔã ¾ããñ•ã¶ãñ¦ã ãä¶ããäÍÞã¦ã ‡ãŠñÊãñÊããè ½ããØãÃ Êããâºããè Ôãã£¾ã Öãñ„Š Íã‡ãŠÊããè ¶ããÖãè.

ãä¶ãÓ¹ããª¶ããÞãã ‚ãØãÆ‡ãÆŠ½ã ãäÌãÞããÀã¦ã ¶ã Üãñ¦ãã ‡ãŠñâªÆãè¾ã ½ããØãÃ ãä¶ããä£ã ‚ãâ¦ãØãÃ¦ã ¹ãÆÔ¦ãããäÌã¦ã ‡ãŠã½ãñ ½ãÖãÀãÓ›È

ÍããÔã¶ãã´ãÀñ ½ãâ•ãîÀ ‡ãŠñÊ¾ãã ØãñÊããè. Àã•¾ã ÍããÔã¶ãã´ãÀñ ½ãâ•ãîÀ ‡ãŠã½ãñ ãäÌããä¶ããäªÃÓ› ‡ãŠãÊããÌã£ããè¦ã ¹ãî¥ãÃ

‡ãŠÀ¥¾ããÔã ‚ãÔã½ã©ãÃ¦ã¦ãã, ¾ãã½ãìßñ ‡ãŠñâªÆãè¾ã ½ããØãÃ ãä¶ããä£ã ‚ãâ¦ãØãÃ¦ã ¹ãÆªã¶ã ‡ãŠñÊãñÊãã ãä¶ããä£ã ©ããâºããäÌã¥¾ãã¦ã

‚ããÊãã. ¦ãñÀãÌ¾ãã ãäÌã§ã ‚ãã¾ããñØã ‚ãâ¦ãØãÃ¦ã ¹ãÆã¹¦ã ¢ããÊãñÊãã ãä¶ããä£ã ¹ãÀ¦ã ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ãã¦ã ‚ããÊãã ‚ã©ãÌãã ¦¾ããÞãã

Œãî¹ã ‡ãŠ½ããè „¹ã¾ããñØã ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ãã¦ã ‚ããÊãã. ¹ãÆ¦¾ãàã ŒãÞããÃ¹ãñàãã •ããÔ¦ã ãä¶ããä£ãÞããè ½ããØã¥ããè ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ãã¦ã ‚ããÊããè.

½ãâ•ãîÀ ‡ãŠã½ããâÌãÀãèÊã ½ãâ•ãîÀ ãä¶ããä£ã ‚ããä¶ã¾ããä½ã¦ã¹ã¥ãñ ƒ¦ãÀ ‡ãŠã½ããâÔããŸãè ÌãßãäÌã¥¾ãã¦ã ‚ããÊãã. ‡ãŠã½ããâÞ¾ãã

½ãâ•ãîÀ ‚ãÔãÊãñÊ¾ãã Ì¾ãã¹¦ããè¦ã ºãªÊã ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ãã¦ã ‚ããÊãñ. Àã•¾ã ÍããÔã¶ãã´ãÀñ ¼ããÀ¦ã ÔãÀ‡ãŠãÀÊãã


35

‡ãŠßãäÌã¥¾ãã¦ã ‚ããÊãñÊ¾ãã ‡ãŠã½ããâÞããè ãäÔ©ã¦ããè ÌããÔ¦ããäÌã‡ãŠ ¶ãÌÖ¦ããè. ‡ãŠâ¨ãã›ªãÀã´ãÀñ ãäºã›ì½ã¶ã ¹ãìâ•ã ŒãÀñªãè

‚ãããä¥ã ãäÌããäÌã£ã ½ããØãÃ Ôãì£ããÀ¥ãã ‡ãŠã½ããâ¦ã ¦¾ããÞãã „¹ã¾ããñØã ¾ããºããºã¦ã ‡ãŠñÊãñÊããè ½ããØã¥ããè ¾ããÌãÀ ‡ãŠã¾ããÃ¶Ìã¾ã¶ã

¹ãÆããä£ã‡ãŠÀ¥ããâ¶ããè ¹ã¾ããÃ¹¦ã Ôãâãä¶ã¾ãâ¨ã¥ã ŸñÌãÊãñ ¶ããÖãè. ‡ãŠã½ããâÞ¾ãã ãä¶ã‡ãŠðÓ› ¹ãÆ¦ããèÞ¾ãã ãä¶ãÓ¹ããª¶ããÞãñ ‚ãããä¥ã

Ìã¶ã ãäÌã¼ããØããÞãñ ¶ãã ÖÀ‡ãŠ¦ã ¹ãÆ½ãã¥ã¹ã¨ã ¹ãããäÖ•ãñ ‚ãÔãÊ¾ãã½ãìßñ ‡ãŠã½ãñ ‚ã¡‡ãŠî¶ã ¹ã¡Ê¾ããÞããè ¹ãÆ‡ãŠÀ¥ãñ Öãñ¦ããè.

Øãì¥ã ãä¶ã¾ãâ¨ã¥ã ÞããÞã¥¾ãã ¶ã ‡ãŠÀ¦ãã ‡ãŠã½ãñ ãä¶ãÓ¹ãããäª¦ã ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ãã¦ã ‚ããÊããè. Àã•¾ã ÍããÔã¶ãã´ãÀñ ‡ãŠã½ããâÞãñ

Ôãâãä¶ã¾ãâ¨ã¥ã ‡ãŠ½ã‡ãŠìÌã¦ã Öãñ¦ãñ.

2.1.13 ãäÍã¹ãŠãÀÍããè

ÍããÔã¶ãã¶ãñ ¹ãì¤ãèÊã ºããºããèâÞããè Œãã¦ãÀ•ã½ãã ‡ãŠÀãÌããè :

½ããØãÃ ãäÌã‡ãŠãÔã ¾ããñ•ã¶ãã 2001-2021 Þãñ Ìã‡ã‹¦ãÍããèÀ ‡ãŠã¾ããÃ¶Ìã¾ã¶ã ‡ãŠÀ¥ãñ ;

‡ãŠã½ãñ ‚ãØãÆ‡ãÆŠ½ãã¹ãÆ½ãã¥ãñ ½ãâ•ãîÀ ‡ãŠÀ¥ãñ ‚ãããä¥ã ¦¾ããâÞãñ ÌãñßñÌãÀ ¹ãî¥ãÃ Öãñ¥ãñ ;

¼ããÀ¦ã ÔãÀ‡ãŠãÀÊãã ‡ãŠßãäÌã¥¾ãã¦ã ¾ãñ¥ããÀãè ‡ãŠã½ããÞããè ãäÔ©ã¦ããè ÌããÔ¦ããäÌã‡ãŠ ‚ããÖñ ;

½ãÖãÀãÓ›È ÔããÌãÃ•ããä¶ã‡ãŠ ºããâ£ã‡ãŠã½ã ãä¶ã¾ã½ã ¹ãìãäÔ¦ã‡ãŠã ‚ãããä¥ã ½ããØãÃ ¹ããäÀÌãÖ¶ã Ìã ÀãÓ›Èãè¾ã ½ãÖã½ããØãÃ

½ãâ¨ããÊã¾ã/¼ããÀ¦ããè¾ã ½ããØãÃ ‡ãŠãâùØãÆñÔã ¾ããâÞ¾ãã ãäÌããä¶ãªñÃÍããâÞãñ ‡ãŠã¾ãÃ ãä¶ãÓ¹ããª¶ã ‡ãŠÀ¦ãñÌãñßãè

‡ãŠã›ñ‡ãŠãñÀ¹ã¥ãñ ¹ããÊã¶ã Öãñ¥¾ããÞããè ãä¶ããäÍÞã¦ããè ‡ãŠÀ¥ãñ ;

ãäÌããäÖ¦ã Øãì¥ã ãä¶ã¾ãâ¨ã¥ã ÞããÞã¥¾ãã ¶ã Þãì‡ãŠ¦ãã ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ãã¦ã ¾ããÌ¾ãã ; ‚ãããä¥ã

ãäÌããäÌã£ã Ô¦ãÀãâÌãÀ ¼ã‡ã‹‡ãŠ½ã Ôãâãä¶ã¾ãâ¨ã¥ã ‚ããÖñ.

‡ãŠã¾ãÃãäÔã¯ãè ÊãñŒãã¹ãÀãèàãã ‚ãÖÌããÊã ÍããÔã¶ããÔã ‚ããùØãÔ› 2013 ½ã£¾ãñ ãä¶ãØãÃãä½ã¦ã ‡ãŠñÊãã; •ãã¶ãñÌããÀãè 2014

¹ã¾ãÃâ¦ã „§ãÀ ¹ãÆãä¦ããäàã¦ã Öãñ¦ãñ.


36

‚ãµµã, µããØã½ãè ·ãì½ÌãŸã ‚ãããä¥ã ØãÃãÖ‡ãŠ Ôãâ½àã¥ã ãäÌã¹ããØã

2.2 ºãÖã½ãÓ›Èã¦ã ãäµã£ããÀ½ãè¦ã ÔããÌãÀ•ããäµã‡ãŠ ãäÌã¦ã½¥ã ·ãÃ¥ããÊããèÞããè ‚ãâºãÊã¸ã•ããÌã¥ããè

ÔããÌãÃ•ããä¶ã‡ãŠ ãäÌã¦ãÀ¥ã ¹ãÆ¥ããÊããè (PDS) Öãè ‡ãòŠ³ ¹ãìÀÔ‡ãðŠ¦ã ¾ããñ•ã¶ãã ‚ãÔãî¶ã ¦¾ããÞ¾ãã

‚ãâ½ãÊãºã•ããÌã¥ããèÔããŸãè Àã•¾ã ÍããÔã¶ã •ãºããºãªãÀ ‚ãÔã¦ãñ. PDS Öñ •ã¶ã¦ãñÊãã Ìãã•ãÌããè ªÀã¦ã ‚ã¶¶ã£ãã¶¾ã

ÌãñßñÌãÀ „¹ãÊãº£ã ‡ãŠÁ¶ã ªñ¥¾ããÞãñ ¦ãÔãñÞã ØãÀãèºããâ¶ãã ‚ã¸ã ÔãìÀàãã ¹ãìÀãäÌã¥¾ããÞããè ¹ãÆ½ãìŒã Ôãã£ã¶ã ‚ããÖñ.

PDS ‚ãâ¦ãØãÃ¦ã, ‡ãòŠ³ ÍããÔã¶ãã¶ãñ ‚ããä£ãÔãîãäÞã¦ã ‡ãñŠÊ¾ãã¹ãÆ½ãã¥ãñ ¦ããâªîß, ØãÖî, ÔããŒãÀ, Œãã²ã ¦ãñÊã, ¦ãîÀ¡ãß

‚ãããä¥ã Àãù‡ãñŠÊãÞãñ ãäÌã¦ãÀ¥ã Öãñ¦ãñ. PDS Þ¾ãã ºãß‡ãŠ›ãè‡ãŠÀ¥ããÔããŸãè ‡ãòŠ³ÍããÔã¶ãã¶ãñ •ãî¶ã 1997 ½ã£¾ãñ

ªããäÀ³¿ã ÀñÓãñŒããÊããèÊã ‡ãìŠ›ìâãäºã¾ããâ¶ãã (BPL) ‚ã¶ãìªããä¶ã¦ã ªÀã¶ãñ ‚ã¶¶ã£ãã¶¾ããÞãñ Ìãã›¹ã ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ããÔããŸãè

ãä¶ã£ããÃÀãè¦ã ÔããÌãÃ•ããä¶ã‡ãŠ ãäÌã¦ãÀ¥ã ¹ãÆ¥ããÊããèÞããè ÔãìÁÌãã¦ã ‡ãñŠÊããè.

ÌãÓãÃ 2008-09 ¦ãñ 2012-13 ¾ãã ‡ãŠãÊããÌã£ããèÞ¾ãã ‡ãñŠÊãñÊ¾ãã ‡ãŠã¾ãÃãäÔã¯ãè ÊãñŒãã¹ããäÀàãñ¦ã ‚ãÔãñ ‚ãã¤ßî¶ã

‚ããÊãñ ‡ãŠãè ‚ã¹ãã¨ã ‡ãìŠ›âìºããâ¶ãã ãä¶ãÊãóãäŒã¦ã ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ããÔããŸãè BPL ‡ãìŠ›ìºããâÞ¾ãã ¾ããªãèÞãñ ªÀÌãÓããê ¹ãì¶ããäÌãÃÊããñ‡ãŠ¶ã

‡ãñŠÊãñ ¶ãÌÖ¦ãñ. †‡ãŠãè‡ãŠ¡ñ Àã•¾ããÊãã Ìãã›¹ã ¢ããÊãñÊ¾ãã ‚ã¶¶ã£ãã¶¾ããÞ¾ãã ÔããŸ¿ããÞããè Àã•¾ãã¶ãñ „ÞãÊã ‡ãñŠÊããè

¶ãÌÖ¦ããè ¦¾ããÞãÌãñßãè ŒãìÊ¾ãã ºãã•ããÀã¦ãî¶ã ¦ããâªîß ãäÌã‡ãŠ¦ã Üãñ¥¾ããÌãÀ ¢ããÊãñÊãã ŒãÞãÃ ›ãß¥¾ãã•ããñØãã Öãñ¦ãã.

FCI ½ã£ãî¶ã ‚ã¶¶ã£ãã¶¾ããÞããè „ÞãÊã ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ãã¹ãîÌããê ¦¾ããÞããè ¦ã¹ããÔã¥ããè ‡ãñŠÊããè ¶ãÌÖ¦ããè. •ããèÌã¶ããÌãÍ¾ã‡ãŠ

ÌãÔ¦ãî ÔããŸÌã¥ãî‡ãŠãèÞããè àã½ã¦ãã Ìãã¤Ìã¥¾ããÔããŸãè ‚ããä¦ããäÀ‡ã‹¦ã Øããñªã½ãñ ºããâ£ã¥¾ããÞãñ ‡ãŠã½ã ‚ã¦¾ãâ¦ã

‚ãÔã½ãã£ãã¶ã‡ãŠãÀ‡ãŠ ¹ãÆ½ãã¥ãã¦ã ‡ãñŠÊãñ ØãñÊãñ Öãñ¦ãñ. Àãù‡ãñŠÊãÌãÀãèÊã ÀãñŒã ‚ã¶ãìªã¶ããÞãñ ©ãñ› ÖÔ¦ããâ¦ãÀ¥ã ½ããØãñ

¹ã¡Êãñ Öãñ¦ãñ ‚ãããä¥ã ÌããÖ¶ã ½ããØã ¹ãÆ¥ããÊããè ¹ããäÀ¥ãã½ã‡ãŠãÀ‡ãŠ ¶ãÌÖ¦ããè. ãäÌããäÌã£ã Ô¦ãÀãÌãÀ ‚ããÌãÍ¾ã‡ãŠ

ÔãâŒ¾ãñ¦ã ÖÌ¾ãã ‚ãÔãÊãñÊ¾ãã ªàã¦ãã Ôããä½ã¦¾ãã ØãŸãè¦ã ¶ã ‡ãñŠÊ¾ãã½ãìßñ ¾ããñ•ã¶ãñÌãÀãèÊã Ôãâãä¶ã¾ãâ¨ã¥ã ‡ãŠ½ã‡ãìŠÌã¦ã

Öãñ¦ãñ. ¶ãã½ããä¶ãªóÍããè¦ã ¹ãªããä£ã‡ãŠã-¾ããâ‡ãŠ¡î¶ã Øããñªã½ãñ, ÔÌãÔ¦ã £ãã¶¾ã ªì‡ãŠã¶ãñ ‚ãããä¥ã ãäÍã£ããÌãã›¹ã

¹ããä¨ã‡ãŠãâÞ¾ãã ¦ã¹ããÔã¥ããè¦ã ‡ãŠ½ã¦ãÀ¦ãã Öãñ¦ããè.½ãÖ¦ÌããÞãñ ãä¶ãÓ‡ãŠÓãÃ ŒããÊããè Ÿß‡ãŠ¹ã¥ãñ ¶ã½ãîª ‡ãñŠÊãñ ‚ããÖñ¦ã.

Ÿß‡ãŠ ÌãõãäÍãÓ›¼ãñ

‚ãµµã, µããØã½ãè ·ãì½ÌãŸã ‚ãããä¥ã ØãÃãÖ‡ãŠ Ôãâ½àã¥ã ãäÌã¹ããØããµãñ BPL ‡ãìŠ›ìâ¸ããâÞãñ ·ãìµããäÌãÀÊããñ‡ãŠµã µã

‡ãñŠÊ»ããºãìßñ ÌãÓãÀ 2008-13 ªÀ½¾ãã¶ã ` 2,102.71 ‡ãŠãñ›ãè ãä‡ãâŠºã¦ããèÞ»ãã 42.23 Êãàã ºãñ›Èãè‡ãŠ ›µã ‚ã¶ã

£ããµ»ããÞãñ ‚ã·ãã¨ã Êãã¹ãã©»ããÁµãã ãäÌã¦ã½¥ã ¢ããÊãñ Öãñ¦ãñ ¦ã½ 26.69 Êãàã BPL ‡ãìŠ›ìâ¸ã ‚ãµãìªããäµã¦ã

‚ã¶ã£ããµ»ããÞ»ãã Êãã¹ãã·ããÔãîµã ÌãâãäÞã¦ã ÀããäÖÊãñ.

(·ããä½Þœñª 2.2.8.1)

ãäÌã¹ããØããµãñ ‚ã¶ã£ããµ»ããÞ»ãã ` 591.92 ‡ãŠãñ›ãè ·ãÃ¦»ãàã Ôã¸ããäÔã¡ãè†ñÌã•ããè ` 1,284.42 ‡ãŠãñ›ãè

ÔãºããäÔã¡ãèÞãñ ‚ãâªã•ã·ã¨ã‡ãŠ ¦ã»ãã½ ‡ãñŠÊãñ ‚ãããä¥ã ¦ãñÌã¤ãèÞã ÔãºããäÔã¡ãè ¹ãÆã¹¦ã ¢ããÊããè, ¹ããäÀ¥ãã½ã¦ã:

` 692.50 ‡ãŠãñ›ãè ½‡ã‹‡ãŠºãñÞããè •ããªã Ôã¸ããäÔã¡ãè ‚ããÖãä½¦ã ¢ããÊããè.

(·ããä½Þœñª 2.2.9.1)

½ã•»ã ÍããÔãµããµãñ ¦ããâªîß ‚ãããä¥ã ØãÌÖãÞ»ãã ãäªÊãñÊ»ãã Ìãã›¿ããÞããè „ÞãÊã µã ‡ãñŠÊ»ããºãìßñ ÌãÓãÀ 2008-13

ªÀ½¾ãã¶ã BPL ‚ãâ¦ãØãÀ¦ã 16.09 Êãàã ºãñ›Èãè‡ãŠ ›µã ‚ãããä¥ã ‚ãâ¦»ããñª»ã ‚ã¶ã »ããñ•ãµãñŒããÊããè 5.01 Êãàã

ºãñ›Èãè‡ãŠ ›µã ‚ãµµã£ããµ»ããÞãã Êãã¹ã ãäºãßî Íã‡ãŠÊãã µããÖãè. ‡ãòŠ³ ÍããÔãµãã‡ãŠ¡îµã ãäªÊãñÊ»ãã Ìãã›¿ããÞããè

„ÞãÊã µã ‡ãŠ½¦ãã ŒãìÊ»ãã ¸ãã•ãã½ã¦ãîµã ¦ããâªîß Œã½ñªãè ‡ãŠ½¥»ããÞ»ãã ãäµã¥ãÀ»ããºãìßñ ½ã•»ããÌã½

` 10.91 ‡ãŠãñ›ãèÞãã •ããÔ¦ããèÞãã ‚ãããä©ãÀ‡ãŠ ¹ãã½ ·ã¡Êãã.

(·ããä½Þœñª 2.2.10.2 ‚ãããä¥ã 2.2.10.3)


37

ÌãÓãÃ 2008-2013 ªÀ½¾ãã¶ã FCI ‡ãŠ¡îµã ‚ãµµã£ããµ»ããÞããè „ÞãÊã ‡ãŠ½¥»ãã‚ãã£ããè ãäÌã¹ããØãã‡ãŠ¡îµã Ôãâ»ãì‡ã‹¦ã

¦ã·ããÔã¥»ãã ‡ãŠ½¥»ãã¦ã ‚ããÊ»ãã µãÌÖ¦»ãã, •ãñ PDS (ãäµã»ãâ¨ã¥ã) ‚ããªñÍã, 2001 Þ»ãã ãäÌã¾® Öãñ¦ãñ.

(·ããä½Þœñª 2.2.10.4)

•ã½ãè ‚ããùØãÔ› 2012 ·ããÔãîµã ½ãù‡ãñŠÊãÌã½ãèÊã ½ãñŒã ÔãºããäÔã¡ãèÞ¾ãã ÖÔ¦ããâ¦ã½¥ããÞããè »ããñ•ãµãã Ôãì¾ ¢ããÊããè

Öãñ¦ããè ‚ãããä¥ã ¦»ããÔããŸãè ‡ãòŠ³ ÍããÔãµããµãñ ` 10 ‡ãŠãñ›ãè ºãì‡ã‹¦ã ‡ãñŠÊãñ Öãñ¦ãñ ¦ã½ãè ºããÞãÀ 2013 ¹ã¾ãÄ¦ã

ÔãÖã·ãõ‡ãŠãè ¦ããèµã ãä•ãÊÖ¿ããâºã£ãñÞã »ããñ•ãµãñÞããè ‚ãâÍã¦ã: ‚ãâºãÊã¸ã•ããÌã¥ããè Öãñ… Íã‡ãŠÊããè Öãñ¦ããè.

Àãù‡ãñŠÊãÞ»ãã ÌããÖ¦ãì‡ãŠãèª½º»ããµã Öãñ¥ãã-»ãã ¹ãì½›¿ãã Þããñ-»ãã ‚ãããä¥ã ½ãù‡ãñŠÊãÞãã ‚ãÌãõ£ã Ìãã·ã½

½ãñ‡ãŠ¥»ããÔããŸãè 1,068 ÌããÖµã ºããØã ·ãÃ¥ããÊããé·ãõ‡ãŠãè ·ãŠ‡ã‹¦ã 34 ‡ãŠã»ãÀ½¦ã Öãñ¦»ãã.

(·ããä½Þœñª 2.2.12.2 ‚ãããä¥ã 2.2.12.3)

»ããñ•ãµãñÞãñ Ôãâãäµã»ãâ¨ã¥ã ‡ãŠã»ãÀ¦ãâ¨ã ‡ãŠºã‡ãìŠÌã¦ã Öãñ¦ãñ. Øããñªãºãñ ‚ãããä¥ã ÔÌãÔ¦ã £ããµ»ã ªì‡ãŠãµããâÞããè

¦ã·ããÔã¥ããè ‡ãŠ½¥»ãã¦ã ‚ãµãì‰ãŠºãñ 63 ›‡ã‹‡ãñŠ ‚ãããä¥ã 39.02 ›‡ã‹‡ãñŠ ‡ãŠºã¦ã½¦ãã Öãñ¦ããè ¦ã½ ãäÌããäÌã£ã

Ô¦ã½ãÌã½ ‚ããÌãÍ»ã‡ãŠ ¦ãñÌã¤¿ãã ªàã¦ãã Ôããä½ã¦¾ãã ¹ãî¥ãÃ¦ã: ØããäŸ¦ã ‡ãñŠÊ»ãã µãÌÖ¦»ãã.

(·ããä½Þœñª 2.2.16)

2.2.1 ¹ãÆÔ¦ããÌã¶ãã

ÔããÌãÃ•ããä¶ã‡ãŠ ãäÌã¦ãÀ¥ã ¹ãÆ¥ããÊããè (PDS) Öãè ‡ãòŠ³ ÍããÔã¶ã ¹ãìÀÔ‡ãðŠ¦ã ¾ããñ•ã¶ãã ‚ãÔãî¶ã ¦¾ããÞ¾ãã

‚ãâ½ãÊãºã•ããÌã¥ããèÞããè •ãºããºãªãÀãè Öãè Àã•¾ã ÍããÔã¶ããâÞããè ‚ãÔã¦ãñ. PDS ½ã£¾ãñ ‚ã¶¶ã£ãã¶¾ããÞãñ ¹ãÆã¹ã¥ã,

ÔããŸÌã¥ã ‚ãããä¥ã ãäÍã£ãã ¹ããä¨ã‡ãŠã £ããÀ‡ãŠãâ¶ãã ÔÌãÔ¦ã £ãã¶¾ã ªì‡ãŠã¶ããâ½ãã¹ãÃŠ¦ã

28

(FPS) ãäÍã£ãã Ìãã›¹ã Öãñ¦ãñ

‚ãããä¥ã PDS (ãä¶ã¾ãâ¨ã¥ã) ‚ããªñÍã, 2001 Þ¾ãã ¦ãÀ¦ãìãäªâ¦ãØãÃ¦ã ¾ããÞãñ ãä¶ã¾ã½ã¶ã Öãñ¦ãñ. PDS Öñ

ÔãÌãÃÔãã½ãã¶¾ã •ã¶ã¦ãñÊãã ¾ããñØ¾ãÌãñßãè Ìãã•ãÌããè ªÀã¦ã ‚ã¶¶ã£ãã¶¾ã „¹ãÊãº£ã ‡ãŠÂ¶ã ªñ¥¾ããÞãñ ¦ãÔãñÞã

ØãÀãèºããâ¶ãã ‚ã¶¶ã ÔãìÀàãã ªñ¥¾ããÞãñ †‡ãŠ ¹ãÆ½ãìŒã Ôãã£ã¶ã ‚ããÖñ. ‡ãòŠ³ ÍããÔã¶ããÞ¾ãã ‚ããä£ãÔãîÞã¶ãñ¶ãìÔããÀ PDS

‚ãâ¦ãØãÃ¦ã ¦ããâªîß, ØãÖî, ÔããŒãÀ, Œãã²ã ¦ãñÊã, ¦ãîÀ¡ãß ‚ãããä¥ã Àãù‡ãñŠÊã ¾ããÞãñ Ìãã›¹ã Öãñ¦ãñ.

2.2.1.1 »ããñ•ãµãñÞããè Ÿß‡ãŠ ÌãõãäÍãÓ›¼ãñ

PDSÞ¾ãã ºãß‡ãŠ›ãè‡ãŠÀ¥ããÔããŸãè, ‡ãòŠ³ ÍããÔã¶ãã¶ãñ ãä¶ã£ããÃÀãè¦ã ÔããÌãÃ•ããä¶ã‡ãŠ ãäÌã¦ãÀ¥ã ¹ãÆ¥ããÊããè (TPDS)

¹ãìÀ:Ô©ãããä¹ã¦ã ‡ãñŠÊããè (•ãî¶ã 1997) •¾ãã ‚ãâ¦ãØãÃ¦ã ªããäÀ³ÀñÓãñŒããÊããèÊã (BPL) ‡ãìŠ›ìâºããâ¶ãã ªÀ½ãÖã

35 ãä‡ãŠ.ØãÆù. ‚ã¶¶ã£ãã¶¾ã ÔãÌãÊã¦ããèÞ¾ãã ªÀã¶ãñ ªñ¥¾ãã¦ã ¾ãñ¦ãñ.Àã•¾ãã¶ãñ ØãÀãèºã Ì¾ã‡ã‹¦ããéÞãã Íããñ£ã

Üãñ¥¾ããÔããŸãè FPS ¶ãã ‚ã¶¶ã£ãã¶¾ããÞããè ¹ããñÖÞã ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ããÔããŸãè ‚ãããä¥ã ‚ã¶¶ã£ãã¶¾ããÞãñ ¹ããÀªÍãÃ‡ãŠ ¹ã£ª¦ããè¶ãñ

ãäÌã¦ãÀ¥ã ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ããÔããŸãè £ããñÀ¥ã ‚ããŒãî¶ã ¦¾ãã¶ãìÔããÀ Ì¾ãÌãÔ©ãã¹ã¶ã ‡ãŠÀ¥ãñ ‚ããÌãÍ¾ã‡ãŠ ‚ããÖñ.

‡ãòŠ³ ÍããÔã¶ãã¶ãñ, ÀãÓ›Èãè¾ã Ìãð£ªã¹ã‡ãŠãÊããè¶ã ãä¶ãÌãð¦¦ããè Ìãñ¦ã¶ã ¾ããñ•ã¶ãñ ‚ãâ¦ãØãÃ¦ã ãä‡ãâŠÌãã Àã•¾ã ãä¶ãÌãð¦¦ããèÌãñ¦ã¶ã

¾ããñ•ã¶ãñ ‚ãâ¦ãØãÃ¦ã ãä¶ãÌãð¦¦ããèÌãñ¦ã¶ã ãä½ãß¥¾ããÔã ¹ãã¨ã ‚ãÔãÊãñÊ¾ãã ¹ã¥ã Ôã£¾ãã ãä¶ãÌãð¦¦ããè Ìãñ¦ã¶ã ¹ãÆã¹¦ã Öãñ¦ã

¶ãÔãÊãñÊ¾ãã •ãñÓŸ ¶ããØããäÀ‡ãŠãâÔããŸãè ªÀ½ãÖã 10 ãä‡ãŠÊããñ ½ããñ¹ãŠ¦ã ‚ã¶¶ã£ãã¶¾ã ãäÌã¦ãÀ¥ããÔããŸãè ‚ã¸ã¹ãî¥ããÃ

¾ããñ•ã¶ãñÞããè ÔãìÁÌãã¦ã ‡ãñŠÊããè Öãñ¦ããè (†ãä¹ãÆÊã 2000). ¾ãã ¾ããñ•ã¶ãñÞããè ‚ãâ½ãÊãºã•ããÌã¥ããè Àã•¾ãã¦ã †ãä¹ãÆÊã

2001 ¹ããÔãî¶ã ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ãã¦ã ‚ããÊããè.

28ÔÌãÔ¦ã £ãã¶¾ã ªì‡ãŠã¶ãñ ½Ö¥ã•ãñ ÔããÌãÃ•ã¶ããè‡ãŠ £ãã¶¾ã ãäÌã¦ãÀ¥ã ‡ãŠÀ¥ããÀãè ªì‡ãŠã¶ãñ


38

‡ãòŠ³ ÍããÔã¶ãã¶ãñ, ØãÀãèºãã¦ãÊ¾ãã ØãÀãèºããÊããÖãè ‚ã¶¶ã£ãã¶¾ã ãä½ãß¥¾ããÔããŸãè ãä¡ÔãòºãÀ 2000 ½ã£¾ãñ

‚ãâ¦¾ããñª¾ã ‚ã¸ã ¾ããñ•ã¶ãñÞããè (AAY) ÔãìÁÌãã¦ã ‡ãñŠÊããè. Ö¿ãã ¾ããñ•ã¶ãñ¦ã 35 ãä‡ãŠÊããñ ‚ã¸ã£ãã¶¾ã ‚ã¦¾ãâ¦ã ‡ãŠ½ããè

ªÀã¶ãñ, ½Ö¥ã•ãñ ` ªãñ¶ã ¹ãÆãä¦ã ãä‡ãŠÊããñ ªÀã¶ãñ ØãÖî ‚ãããä¥ã ` ¦ããè¶ã ¹ãÆãä¦ã ãä‡ãŠÊããñ ªÀã¶ãñ ¦ããâªîß,

ãäÌã¦ãÀãè¦ã ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ããÞãñ Êãà¾ã Öãñ¦ãñ.

‡ãòŠ³ ÍããÔã¶ãã¶ãñ ‚ã¸ã£ãã¶¾ããÞãñ ¹ãÆã¹ã¥ã ‡ãŠÁ¶ã ½ãÖãÀãÓ›È ÍããÔã¶ããÔã ¦ãñ ‡ãòŠ³ãè¾ã •ããÀãè ãä‡ãâŠ½ã¦ããèÊãã Ìãã›¹ã

‡ãŠÀ¦ãñ. ¹ãÆã¹¦ã ¢ããÊãñÊ¾ãã Ìãã›¥ããèÞ¾ãã ‚ãã£ããÀñ ‚ã¸ã, ¶ããØãÀãè ¹ãìÀÌãŸã ‚ãããä¥ã ØãÆãÖ‡ãŠ ÔãâÀàã¥ã ãäÌã¼ããØã

(ãäÌã¼ããØã) ¼ããÀ¦ããè¾ã ‚ã¸ã ½ãÖã½ãâ¡ßã‡ãŠ¡î¶ã (FCI) ‚ã¶¶ã£ãã¶¾ããÞããè „ÞãÊã ‡ãŠÀ¦ããñ ‚ãããä¥ã ¹ãã¨ã ãäÍã£ãã¹ã¨ã‡ãŠ

£ããÀ‡ãŠãâ¶ãã ¦ãñ ãäÌã¦ãÀãè¦ã ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ããÔããŸãè FPS Êãã Ôããñ¹ããäÌã¦ããñ.

‡ãòŠ³ ÍããÔã¶ãã‡ãŠ¡î¶ã ½ãÖãÀãÓ›È ÍããÔã¶ããÊãã Àãù‡ãñŠÊãÞãñ Ìãã›¹ã ‡ãñŠÊãñ •ãã¦ãñ •ãñ ¹ãì¤ñ ‡ãòŠ³ ÍããÔã¶ãã¶ãñ ãä¶ã¾ãì‡ã‹¦ã

‡ãñŠÊãñÊ¾ãã Àãù‡ãñŠÊã Ì¾ãã¹ãã-¾ããâ½ãã¹ãÃŠ¦ã FPS Êãã ªñ¥¾ãã¦ã ¾ãñ¦ãñ. ‡ãòŠ³ ÍããÔã¶ããÞ¾ãã Ìãã›¹ããÞ¾ãã ‚ãã£ããÀãÌãÀ,

½ãÖãÀãÓ›È ÍããÔã¶ãã¶ãñ ãä¶ã¾ãì‡ã‹¦ã ‡ãñŠÊãñÊ¾ãã ÔããŒãÀ ¶ãã½ããä¶ãªóãäÍã¦ã

29

ÔãªÔ¾ããâ‡ãŠ¡î¶ã FPS ´ãÀñ ãäÍã£ãã¹ã¨ã‡ãŠ

£ããÀ‡ãŠãÊãã ãäÌã¦ãÀ¥ããÔããŸãè ÔããŒãÀ ‡ãŠãÀŒãã¶¾ããâ¦ãî¶ã ÔããŒãÀñÞããè „ÞãÊã ‡ãñŠÊããè •ãã¦ãñ.

½ããÞãÃ 2013 ¹ã¾ãÄ¦ã, Àã•¾ããÞ¾ãã PDS Þ¾ãã •ããß¾ãã¦ã 52,136 FPS ‚ããÖñ¦ã ‚ãããä¥ã †‡ãîŠ¥ã

215.94 Êãàã ãäÍã£ãã¹ããä¨ã‡ãŠã Öãñ¦¾ãã. ãäÍã£ãã¹ããä¨ã‡ãŠã £ããÀ‡ãŠãâÞãã ¹ãÆÌãØãÃ,½ããÞãÃ 2013 Àãñ•ããè

ãäÌã¦ãÀ¥ããÔããŸãè ¹ãã¨ã ‚ãÔãÊãñÊ¾ãã ‚ã¶¶ã£ãã¶¾ããÞããè ½ãã¨ãã ƒ¦¾ããªãè ·ããä½ãäÍãÓ› 2.2.1.½ã£¾ãñ ãäªÊãñÊãñ ‚ããÖñ.

PDS ‚ã¦ãâØãÃ¦ã ‚ã¶¶ã£ãã¶¾ããâÞ¾ãã ÔããŸÌã¥ãì‡ãŠãèÔããŸãè Ìãã¹ãÀÊãñÊ¾ãã Øããñªã½ããâÞããè †‡ãîŠ¥ã àã½ã¦ãã

(½ããÞãÃ 2013) 5.62 Êãàã ½ãñ›Èãè‡ãŠ ›¶ã (MT) Öãñ¦ããè.

2.2.2 ÔãâÜã›µãã¦ºã‡ãŠ Ôãâ½Þãµãã

Àã•¾ã ¹ãã¦ãßãèÌãÀ ¾ããñ•ã¶ãñÞ¾ãã ‚ãâ½ãÊãºã•ããÌã¥ããèÔããŸãè ‚ã¸ã, ¶ããØãÀãè ¹ãìÀÌãŸã ‚ãããä¥ã ØãÆãÖ‡ãŠ ÔãâÀàã¥ã

ãäÌã¼ããØããÞãñ ¹ãÆ£ãã¶ã ÔããäÞãÌã Öñ •ãºããºãªãÀ ‚ãÔã¦ãã¦ã. ãä•ãÊÖã ¹ãã¦ãßãèÌãÀ, TPDS Þããè ‚ãâ½ãÊãºã•ããÌã¥ããè Öãè

ãä•ãÊÖã ¹ãìÀÌãŸã ‚ããä£ã‡ãŠã-¾ããâ½ãã¹ãÃŠ¦ã Öãñ¦ãñ •¾ããâ¶ãã ¦ããÊãì‡ãŠã ¹ãã¦ãßãèÌãÀ ¦ãÖãäÔãÊãªãÀ ½ãª¦ã

‡ãŠÀ¦ãã¦ã.ãäÌã¼ããØããÞãã ÔãâÜã›¶ãã‚ããÊãñŒã ŒããÊããè ªÍãÃãäÌãÊãã ‚ããÖñ.

29¹ãÆ¦¾ãñ‡ãŠ ãä•ãÊÖ¿ãã½ã£¾ãñ •ããè Ì¾ã‡ã‹¦ããè / ÔãâÔ©ãã ÔããŒãÀñÞãã ÔããŸã ŸñÌã¦ãñ [½ãÖãÀãÓ›È ÊãñÌÖãè ÔããŒãÀ(ãä¶ã¾ã½ã¶ã ‚ãããä¥ã ãäÌã¦ãÀ¥ã)

‚ããä£ããä¶ã¾ã½ã,1981]


39

2.2.3 ÊãñŒãã·ããä½àã¥ããÞããè Ì»ãã·¦ããè ‚ãããä¥ã ‡ãŠã»ãÀ·ã£ª¦ããè

½ãñ ¦ãñ ‚ããùØãÔ› 2013 ªÀ½¾ãã¶ã ‡ãŠã¾ãÃãäÔã®ãè ÊãñŒãã¹ãÀãèàã¥ã ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ãã¦ã ‚ããÊãñ Öãñ¦ãñ •¾ãã ‡ãŠÀãè¦ãã ‚ã¸ã,

¶ããØãÀãè ¹ãìÀÌãŸã ‚ãããä¥ã ØãÆãÖ‡ãŠ ÔãâÀàã¥ã ãäÌã¼ããØã, ãäÌã¦¦ããè¾ã ÔãÊÊããØããÀ ‚ãããä¥ã „¹ãÔããäÞãÌã ‚ãããä¥ã

¹ãìÀÌãŸã ‚ãã¾ãì‡ã‹¦ã ¾ããâÞ¾ãã ‡ãŠã¾ããÃÊã¾ãã¦ããèÊã ªÔ¦ã†ñÌã•ããâÞããè ÞããÞã¥ããè ¦ã¹ããÔã¥ããè ‡ãñŠÊããè Öãñ¦ããè. àãñ̈ ããè¾ã

Ô¦ãÀãÌãÀ, ÊãñŒãã¹ãÀãèàãñÔããŸãè ¾ããÒãäÞœ‡ãŠ ¶ã½ãî¶ãã ÞããÞã¥ããè ¹ã®¦ããè¶ãñ 11 ‡ãŠã¾ããÃÊã¾ããâÞããè ãä¶ãÌã¡ ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ãã¦ã

‚ããÊããè Öãñ¦ããè. Ö¿ãã 11 ‡ãŠã¾ããÃÊã¾ããâ½ã£¾ãñ ‚ã½ãÀãÌã¦ããè,ºããè¡,Þãâ³¹ãîÀ,•ãßØããÌã, ¶ãâªîÀºããÀ,¹ãì¥ãñ, ÔããñÊãã¹ãîÀ

‚ãããä¥ã Ÿã¥ãñ ¾ãñ©ããèÊã ‚ããŸ ãä•ãÊÖã ¹ãìÀÌãŸã ‡ãŠã¾ããÃÊã¾ãñ (DSO), ¹ãì¥ãñ ‚ãããä¥ã ÔããñÊãã¹ãîÀ ¾ãñ©ããèÊã ãäÍã£ãã

ãäÌã¦ãÀ¥ã ‚ããä£ã‡ãŠãÀãè (FDO) ‚ãããä¥ã ½ãìâºãƒÃ ‚ãããä¥ã Ÿã¥ãñ ¾ãñ©ããèÊã ãäÍã£ããÌãã›¹ã àãñ¨ãã¦ããèÊã ãäÍã£ãã Ìãã›¹ã

ãä¶ã¾ãâ¨ã‡ãŠ ¾ããâÞãã Ôã½ããÌãñÍã Öãñ¦ãã. ¹ãÆ¦¾ãñ‡ãŠ ãä¶ãÌã¡ ‡ãñŠÊãñÊ¾ãã ãä•ãÊÖ¿ããâ¦ãî¶ã/ ãäÍã£ããÌãã›¹ã àãñ¨ãã¦ãî¶ã ªãñ¶ã

¦ããÊãì‡ã‹¾ããâÞããè ¾ããÒãäÞœ‡ãŠ ¹ã®¦ããè¶ãñ ÞããÞã¥ããè ¦ã¹ããÔã¥ããèÔããŸãè ãä¶ãÌã¡ ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ãã¦ã ‚ããÊããè Öãñ¦ããè. FPS Þãñ

‡ãŠã½ã‡ãŠã•ã, ¹ãìÀÌãŸã ‡ãñŠÊãñÊ¾ãã ‚ã¸ã£ãã¶¾ããÞãã ª•ããÃ ƒ¦¾ããªãèÞ¾ãã ºããºã¦ããè¦ã „¹ã¼ããñ‡ã‹¦ãñ ãä‡ãŠ¦ããè Ôã½ãã£ãã¶ããè

‚ããÖñ¦ã Öñ ¦ã¹ããÔã¥¾ããÔããŸãè, ãä¶ãÌã¡ ‡ãñŠÊãñÊ¾ãã ¹ãÆ¦¾ãñ‡ãŠ ¦ããÊãì‡ãŠã/ãäÍã£ããÌãã›¹ã àãñ¨ãã½ã£¾ãñ ¾ããÒÞœãè‡ãŠ

¹ã®¦ããè¶ãñ ãä¶ãÌã¡ÊãñÊ¾ãã ÞããÀ FPS ½ã£ããèÊã 4,290 ãäÍã£ãã¹ããä¨ã‡ãŠã£ããÀ‡ãŠãâÞãñ, ÊãñŒãã¹ãÀãèàã‡ãŠãâ¶ããè

ãäÌã¼ããØããºãÀãñºãÀ Ôãâ¾ãì‡ã‹¦ã¹ã¥ãñ ÔãÌãóàã¥ã ‡ãñŠÊãñ. ÌãÓãÃ 2008-09 ¦ãñ 2012-13 ¾ãã ¹ããÞã ÌãÓããÃâÞ¾ãã

‡ãŠãÊããÌã£ããèÞãñ ÊãñŒãã¹ãÀãèàã¥ã ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ãã¦ã ‚ããÊãñ.

‡ãŠã¾ãÃãäÔã®ãè ÊãñŒãã¹ããäÀàã¥ããÞããè „ãèÓ›ñ ‚ãããä¥ã ¦¾ããÔããŸãè ÊããÌãÊãñÊãñ ãä¶ã‡ãŠÓã Ö¿ããºããºã¦ã 28 ½ãñ 2013

Àãñ•ããè ¢ããÊãñÊ¾ãã ¹ãÆãÀâãä¼ã‡ãŠ ºãõŸ‡ãŠãè¦ã, ¹ãÆ£ãã¶ã ÔããäÞãÌã, ‚ã¸ã, ¶ããØãÀãè ¹ãìÀÌãŸã ‚ãããä¥ã ØãÆãÖ‡ãŠ ÔãâÀàã¥ã

ãäÌã¼ããØã ¾ããâÞ¾ããºãÀãñºãÀ ÞãÞããÃ ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ãã¦ã ‚ããÊããè. 26 ¶ããñÌÖòºãÀ 2013 Àãñ•ããè ãäÌã¼ããØããÞ¾ãã

ÔããäÞãÌããâºãÀãñºãÀ ‚ãâãä¦ã½ã ºãõŸ‡ãŠ ¢ããÊããè •¾ãã½ã£¾ãñ ÊãñŒãã¹ããäÀàãñÞ¾ãã ãä¶ãÓ¹ã§ããèºããºã¦ã ÞãÞããÃ ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ãã¦ã

¹ãÆ£ãã¶ã ÔããäÞãÌã, ‚ã¸ã, ¶ããØãÀãè ¹ãìÀÌãŸã ‚ãããä¥ã ØãÆãÖ‡ãŠ

ÔãâÀàã¥ã ãäÌã¼ããØã ‚ãããä¥ã ex Officio ¹ãìÀÌãŸã ‚ãã¾ãì‡ã‹¦ã

½ãìâºãƒÃ ‚ãããä¥ã Ÿã¥ãñ

ãäÍã£ããÌãã›¹ã àãñ¨ã

ØãÆã½ããè¥ã àãñ¨ã (33 ãä•ãÊÖñ)

ãäÍã£ãã ãä¶ã¾ãâ¨ã‡ãŠ

(Ìãã›¹ã)

„¹ã ‚ãã¾ãì‡ã‹¦ã (½ãÖÔãîÊã)

„¹ã ãä¶ã¾ãâ¨ã‡ãŠ, ãäÍã£ãã Ìãã›¹ã

½ãìâºãƒÃ ‚ãããä¥ã Ÿã¥ãñ ¾ãñ©ããèÊã

ãäÍã£ããÌãã›¹ã àãñ¨ãã¦ããèÊã ¹ããÞã

àãñ¨ã

ãä•ãÊÖã ¹ãìÀÌãŸã ‚ããä£ã‡ãŠãÀãè

¹ãÆ¦¾ãñ‡ãŠ ãä•ãÊÖ¿ããÔããŸãè ¦ãÔãñÞã

¹ãì¥ãñ, ÔããñÊãã¹ãîÀ ‚ãããä¥ã

¶ããØã¹ãîÀ ¾ãñ©ããèÊã £ãã¶¾ã Ìãã›¹ã

‚ããä£ã‡ãŠãÀãè

ãä•ãÊÖããä£ã‡ãŠãÀãè

¹ãÆ¦¾ãñ‡ãŠ ¦ããÊãì‡ãŠãÞãã

¦ãÖÔããèÊãªãÀ


40

‚ããÊããè. ½ãÖãÀãÓ›È ÍããÔã¶ãã¶ãñ ÔããªÀ ‡ãñŠÊãñÊ¾ãã (¶ããñÌÖòºãÀ 2013) „¦¦ãÀãâ¶ãã ¾ããñØ¾ã ãäŸ‡ãŠã¥ããè

Ôããä½½ãÊããè¦ã ‡ãñŠÊãñ ‚ããÖñ.

2.2.4 ÊãñŒãã·ããä½àãñÞããè „ãäÓ›ñ

ŒããÊããèÊã ºããºããéÞããè Œãã¨ããè ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ããÔããŸãè ‡ãŠã¾ãÃãäÔã®ãè ÊãñŒãã¹ãÀãèàã¥ã ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ãã¦ã ‚ããÊãñ Öãñ¦ãñ:

Êãã¼ãã©¾ããÄÞãã Íããñ£ã ‚ãããä¥ã ãäÍã£ãã¹ããä¨ã‡ãŠãâÞãñ Ìãã›¹ã ¾ããñØ¾ã ¹ãÆ‡ãŠãÀñ ‚ãããä¥ã ¹ãÆ¼ããÌããè¹ã¥ãñ ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ãã¦ã

‚ããÊãñ Öãñ¦ãñ;

ãäÌã§ããè¾ã Ì¾ãÌãÔ©ãã¹ã¶ã Ôãàã½ã Öãñ¦ãñ;

‚ã¸ã£ãã¶¾ã Ìãã›¹ã ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ããÞããè, „ÞãÊã ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ããÞããè, ÌããÖ¦ãì‡ãŠ, ÔããŸÌã¥ã ‚ãããä¥ã ãäÌã¦ãÀ¥ã ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ããÞããè

¹ãÆ¥ããÊããè ¹ã¾ããÃ¹¦ã ‚ãããä¥ã ¹ããäÀ¥ãã½ã‡ãŠãÀ‡ãŠ Öãñ¦ããè ; ‚ãããä¥ã

¹ã¾ããÃ¹¦ã ‚ãããä¥ã ¹ããäÀ¥ãã½ã‡ãŠãÀ‡ãŠ Ôãâãä¶ã¾ãâ¨ã¥ã ‡ãŠã¾ãÃ¦ãâ¨ã ‡ãŠã¾ãÃÀ¦ã Öãñ¦ãñ.

2.2.5 ÊãñŒãã·ããä½àãñÞãñ ãäµã‡ãŠÓã

ŒããÊããèÊã ÊãñŒãã¹ããäÀàãã ãä¶ã‡ãŠÓããâÞãã ‚ãÌãÊãâºã ‡ãñŠÊãã ØãñÊãã:

Êãã¼ãã©¾ããÄÞãã Íããñ£ã Üãñ¥¾ããÔããŸãè ‡ãòŠ³ ÍããÔã¶ãã¶ãñ ãäÌãÖãè¦ã ‡ãñŠÊãñÊããè ½ããØãÃªÍãÃ‡ãŠ ¦ã¦Ìãñ;

PDS (ãä¶ã¾ãâ¨ã¥ã) ‚ããªñÍã, 2001 ½ã£ããèÊã ¦ãÀ¦ãîªãè;

ãäÍã£ãã¹ããä¨ã‡ãŠã Ìãã›¹ã,ºã¶ããÌã› ãäÍã£ãã¹ããä¨ã‡ãŠã ‚ãããä¥ã ÔÌãÔ¦ã £ãã¶¾ããÞããè ªì‡ãŠã¶ãñ ºãâª ‡ãŠÀ¥ãñ, Ìãã›¹ã

‡ãŠÀãÌã¾ããÞ¾ãã ‚ã¸ã£ãã¶¾ããÞãñ ¹ãÆ½ãã¥ã ‚ãããä¥ã ª•ããÃ ¾ããºããºã¦ããè¦ããèÊã ½ãÖãÀãÓ›È ÍããÔã¶ããÞãñ ‚ããªñÍã /

ãä¶ãªóÍã;

‚ã¸ã £ãã¶¾ããÞ¾ãã ÌããÖ¦ãì‡ãŠ/‚ã¶ãìÓãâØããè‡ãŠ ŒãÞããÃÞ¾ãã ¹ãÆªã¶ããÔããŸãè ½ãÖãÀãÓ›È ÍããÔã¶ããÞããè ¹ãÆ½ãã¥ã‡ãñŠ;

‚ãããä¥ã

ãäÌãÖãè¦ã Ôãâãä¶ã¾ãâ¨ã¥ã ‡ãŠã¾ãÃ¦ãâ¨ã

2.2.6 ·ãîÌããê ‡ãñŠÊãñÊ»ãã ÊãñŒãã·ããä½àãñÞããè Ì»ãã·¦ããè

Àã•¾ãã¦ããèÊã ‚ã¸ã ÔãìÀàãã, ÔãºããäÔã¡ãè ‚ãããä¥ã ‚ã¸ã£ãã¶¾ããÞãñ Ì¾ãÌãÔ©ãã¹ã¶ã ¾ããÌãÀãèÊã ‡ãŠã¾ãÃãäÔã®ãè

ÊãñŒãã¹ããäÀàã¥ã Öñ ¼ããÀ¦ããÞãñ ãä¶ã¾ãâ¨ã‡ãŠ Ìã ½ãÖãÊãñŒãã¹ããäÀàã‡ãŠ Ö¿ããâÞ¾ãã ÌãÓãÃ 2005-06 Þ¾ãã ‚ãÖÌããÊãã¦ã

¹ãÆÔ¦ãì¦ã ‡ãñŠÊãñ Öãñ¦ãñ. Êããñ‡ãŠÊãñŒãã Ôããä½ã¦ããèÞ¾ãã ãäÍã¹ãŠãÀÍããèâÌãÀ (†ãä¹ãÆÊã 2012) ãäÌã¼ããØãã¶ãñ ‡ãñŠÊãñÊ¾ãã

‡ãŠã¾ãÃÌããÖãèÞãã ‚ãÖÌããÊã Êããñ‡ãŠ ÊãñŒãã Ôããä½ã¦ããèÊãã ¶ããñÌÖòºãÀ 2013 ½ã£¾ãñ ÔããªÀ ‡ãñŠÊãã Öãñ¦ãã.

2.2.7 ‚ããä¹ããäÔÌã‡ãðŠ¦ããè

‡ãŠã¾ãÃãäÔã®ãè ÊãñŒãã¹ããäÀàã¥ãã ªÀ½¾ãã¶ã ãäÌã¼ããØãã¶ãñ ãäÌããäÌã£ã Ô¦ãÀãÌãÀ ãäªÊãñÊ¾ãã ÔãÖ‡ãŠã¾ããÃºãªáªÊã ‚ãããä¥ã

ÔãÖã¾¾ããºãªáªÊã ÊãñŒãã¹ãÀãèàãã ‚ãã¼ããÀãè ‚ããÖñ.


41

ÊãñŒãã·ã½ãèàã¥ããÞãñ ãäµãÓ‡ãŠÓãÀ

2.2.8 Êãã¼ãã©¾ããÄÞãã Íããñ£ã

TPDS ‚ãâ¦ãØãÃ¦ã, Àã•¾ããâ¶ããè, ØãÀãèºããâ¶ãã ‚ããñßŒãî¶ã/ Íããñ£ãî¶ã FPS ´ãÀñ ¹ããÀªÍãÃ‡ãŠ ¹ã®¦ããè¶ãñ

‚ã¸ã£ãã¶¾ããâÞãã ºã›Ìã¡ã ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ããÔããŸãè Ì¾ãÌãÔ©ãã ‡ãŠÀ¥ãñ ØãÀ•ãñÞãñ ‚ããÖñ. BPL ‡ãìŠ›ìâºãñ ãä¶ã£ããÃãäÀ¦ã ‡ãŠÀ¥ãñ

‚ãããä¥ã ãäÍã£ãã¹ããä¨ã‡ãŠãâÞãñ ¹ãì¶ããäÌãÃÊããñ‡ãŠ¶ã ‡ãŠÀ¥ãñ ¾ãããäÌãÓã¾ããè ‡ãñŠÊãñÊ¾ãã ÊãñŒãã¹ããäÀàã¥ããÞããè ãä¶ãÓ¹ã¦¦ããè ¹ãì¤ãèÊã

¹ããäÀÞœñªãâ¦ã ÞããäÞãÃÊããè ‚ããÖñ.

2.2.8.1 Êãã¹ãã©»ããÁÞãñ ‚ã»ããñØ»ã ãäµã£ããÀ½¥ã

½ãÖãÀãÓ›È ÍããÔã¶ãã¶ãñ ãä¶ããäÍÞã¦ã ‡ãñŠÊãñÊ¾ãã ãä¶ã‡ãŠÓããâ¶ãìÔããÀ (¶ããñÌÖòºãÀ 1999/‚ããùØãÔ› 2001),

` 15,000 ¹ãñàãã ‡ãŠ½ããè ÌãããäÓãÃ‡ãŠ „¦¹ã¸ã ‚ãÔãÊãñÊ¾ãã •¾ãã ‡ãìŠ›ìâºããâ¶ãã 1997-98

30

BPL

‡ãìŠ›ìâºããâãäÌãÓã¾ããèÞ¾ãã †‡ãŠããä¦½ã‡ãŠ ØãÆã½ããäÌã‡ãŠãÔã ¾ããñ•ã¶ãñ Þ¾ãã (IRDP) ¾ããªãè¦ã Ôã½ãããäÌãÓ› ‡ãñŠÊãñ Öãñ¦ãñ,

¦ããè ‡ãìŠ›ìâºãñ TPDS ‚ãâ¦ãØãÃ¦ã ØãÆã½ããè¥ã àãñ¨ãã¦ã BPL ãäÍã£ãã¹ããä¨ã‡ãŠã ãä½ãß¥¾ããÔã ¹ãã¨ã Öãñ¦ããè,¹ãÀâ¦ãì,

¦¾ãã‡ãŠÀãè¦ãã, ¦¾ããâÞ¾ãã‡ãŠ¡ñ ªìÞãã‡ãŠãè ãä‡ãâŠÌãã ÞããÀ Þãã‡ãŠãè ÌããÖ¶ããÞããè ½ããÊã‡ãŠãè ¶ãÔã¥ãñ, ØãùÔã •ããñ¡¥ããè ¹ãÆã¹¦ã

¶ãÔã¥ãñ ƒ¦¾ããªãè ƒ¦ãÀ ‚ã›ãéÞããè ¹ãî¦ãÃ¦ãã Öãñ¥ãñ ØãÀ•ãñÞãñ Öãñ¦ãñ. ÍãÖÀãè àãñ¨ãã¦ã, •¾ãã ‡ãìŠ›ìâºããÞãñ ÌãããäÓãÃ‡ãŠ

„¦¹ã¸ã ` 15,000 ¹ãñàãã ‡ãŠ½ããè Öãñ¦ãñ ‚ãããä¥ã •¾ããâÞãñ ÔÌã¦ã:Þãñ ªìÞãã‡ãŠãè ãä‡ãâŠÌãã ÞããÀ Þãã‡ãŠãè ÌããÖ¶ã ‚ãããä¥ã

ØãùÔã •ããñ¡¥ããè ¶ãÌÖ¦ããè ¦ããè ‡ãìŠ›ìâºãñ BPL ãäÍã£ãã¹ããä¨ã‡ãŠã ãä½ãß¥¾ããÔã ¹ãã¨ã Öãñ¦ããè. ½ãñ 2005 ½ã£¾ãñ,

ÔÌã¦ã:Þ¾ãã ½ããÊã‡ãŠãèÞããè ªìÞãã‡ãŠãè ‚ãããä¥ã ØãùÔã •ããñ¡¥ããè ¶ãÔã¥ãñ Öã ãä¶ã‡ãŠÓã ãäÌã¼ããØãã‡ãŠ¡î¶ã ‡ãŠã¤î¶ã

›ã‡ãŠ¥¾ãã¦ã ‚ããÊãã Öãñ¦ãã. ÊãñŒãã¹ããäÀàãñÊãã ŒããÊããèÊã ºããºããè ‚ãã¤ßî¶ã ‚ããÊ¾ãã :

PDS (ãä¶ã¾ãâ¨ã¥ã) ‚ããªñÍã, 2001, ¶ãìÔããÀ ãäÌã¼ããØãã¶ãñ BPL ‚ãããä¥ã AAY ‡ãìŠ›ìâºããâÞ¾ãã ¾ããªãèÞãñ

ªÀÌãÓããê, ‚ã¹ãã¨ã ‡ãìŠ›ìâºãñ ÌãØãß¥¾ããÔããŸãè ‚ãããä¥ã ¹ãã¨ã ‡ãìŠ›ìâºããâ¶ãã Ôããä½½ãÊããè¦ã ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ããÔããŸãè

¹ãì¶ããäÌãÃÊããñ‡ãŠ¶ã ‡ãŠÀã¾ãÊãã ÖÌãñ Öãñ¦ãñ. ÌãÓãÃ 2009 ‚ãããä¥ã 2011 ¾ãã ªãñ¶ã ÌãÓããÄ½ã£ããèÊã •¾ãã ãäÌãÍãñÓã

½ããñãäÖ½ããâ´ãÀñ 1.50 Êãàã ‚ãããä¥ã 1.25 Êãàã BPL ãäÍã£ãã¹ããä¨ã‡ãŠã Àªáª ‡ãñŠÊ¾ãã ØãñÊ¾ãã, ¦¾ãã

½ããñãäÖ½ããâÞãã ‚ã¹ãÌããª ÌãØãß¦ãã ÌãÓãÃ 2008-13 ¾ãã ‡ãŠãÊããÌã£ããè¦ã ãäÌã¼ããØãã¶ãñ ‡ãŠãñ¥ã¦¾ããÖãè ÌãÓããÃ¦ã BPL

‚ãããä¥ã AAY ‡ãìŠ›ìâºããâÞ¾ãã ¾ããªãèÞãñ ¹ãì¶ããäÌãÃÊããñ‡ãŠ¶ã ‡ãñŠÊãñ ¶ãÌÖ¦ãñ.

ØãÆã½ã ãäÌã‡ãŠãÔã ãäÌã¼ããØãã‡ãŠ¡î¶ã (RDD) ÌãÓãÃ 2002 ½ã£¾ãñ Êãã¼ãã©ããèÃâÞãñ ÔãÌãóàã¥ã ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ãã¦ã ‚ããÊãñ Öãñ¦ãñ

‚ãããä¥ã ¶ããñÌÖòºãÀ 2006 ½ã£¾ãñ BPL ‡ãìŠ›ìâºããâÞããè †‡ãŠ Ôãì£ãããäÀ¦ã ¾ããªãè ¹ãÆãäÔã® ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ãã¦ã ‚ããÊããè

Öãñ¦ããè. Ôãì£ãããäÀ¦ã ¾ããªãè¹ãÆ½ãã¥ãñ, ØãÆã½ããè¥ã àãñ¨ãã¦ã BPL ‡ãìŠ›ìâºããâÞããè ÔãâŒ¾ãã 45.02 Êãàã Öãñ¦ããè.

ãäÌã¼ããØãã¶ãñ •ãã¶ãñÌããÀãè 2010 ½ã£¾ãñ ØãÆã½ããè¥ã ãäÌã¼ããØãã¦ããèÊã BPL Êãã¼ãã©¾ããÄÞ¾ãã ‡ãñŠÊãñÊ¾ãã ¦ãìÊã¶ãñ¦ã

‚ãÔãñ ‚ãã¤ßî¶ã ‚ããÊãñ ‡ãŠãè, ÌãÓãÃ 2006 ½ã£¾ãñ ‡ãñŠÊãñÊ¾ãã ÔãÌãóàã¥ãã¶ãìÔããÀ 26.69 Êãàã ¶ãÌããè¶ã ‡ãìŠ›ìâºãñ

BPL ÔããŸãè ¹ãã¨ã ŸÀÊããè Öãñ¦ããè, ¦ãÀ, ¾ãã‚ãã£ããè 1997 ½ã£¾ãñ ‡ãñŠÊãñÊ¾ãã ÔãÌãóàã¥ãã¦ã Ôããä½½ããäÊã¦ã

‡ãñŠÊãñÊããè 26.84 Êãàã ‡ãìŠ›ìâºãñ ‚ãã¦ãã ‚ã¹ãã¨ã ‚ãÔãÊ¾ããÞãñ ‚ãã¤ßî¶ã ‚ããÊãñ Öãñ¦ãñ. ¦ã©ãããä¹ã, ¾ããªãèÞãñ

¹ãì¶ããäÌãÃÊããñ‡ãŠ¶ã ‚ãããä¥ã Ôãì£ããÀ ¶ã ‡ãñŠÊ¾ãã½ãìßñ ` 2,102.71 ‡ãŠãñ›ãè

31

ãä‡ãŠâ½ã¦ããèÞ¾ãã 42.23 Êãàã

30ÌãÓãÃ 1997 Êãã ØãÆã½ã ãäÌã‡ãŠãÔã ãäÌã¼ããØãã‡ãŠ¡î¶ã (RDD)ÀãºããäÌãÊãñÊ¾ãã ÔãÌãóàã¥ããÌãÀ ‚ãã£ãããäÀ¦ã

31‚ã¸ã£ãã¶¾ããÞ¾ãã ¹ãÆ½ãã¥ããÞãñ Øã¥ã¶ã Öñ BPL Êãã¼ãã©¾ããÄ¶ããè ÔãÀãÔãÀãè „ÞãÊã ‡ãñŠÊãñÊãã ¦ããâªîß ‚ãããä¥ã ØãÖî ãäÌãÞããÀã¦ã Üãñ…¶ã ‡ãñŠÊãñ ‚ããÖñ ¦ãÀ

À‡ã‹‡ãŠ½ãñÞãñ Øã¥ã¶ã Öñ ¦ããâªîß ‚ãããä¥ã ØãÖî •ããÀãè ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ããÞããè ãå‡ãŠ½ã¦ã ãäÌãÞããÀã¦ã Üãñ…¶ã ‡ãñŠÊãñÊãñ ‚ããÖñ.


42

½ãñ.›¶ã ‚ã¸ã£ãã¶¾ããÞãñ ‚ã¹ãã¨ã Êãã¼ãã©¾ããÄ¶ãã

32

ÌãÓãÃ 2008-13 ªÀ½¾ãã¶ã Ìãã›¹ã ¢ããÊãñ Öãñ¦ãñ ¦ãÀ

26.69 Êãàã BPL ‡ãìŠ›ìâºãñ ÔãÌãÊã¦ããèÞ¾ãã ªÀã¶ãñ ‚ã¸ã£ãã¶¾ã ãä½ãß¥¾ããÞ¾ãã Êãã¼ãã¹ããÔãî¶ã ÌãâãäÞã¦ã

ÀããäÖÊããè Öãñ¦ããè.

ÍãÖÀãè àãñ¨ãã¦ã, 2005 ½ã£¾ãñ ¶ãØãÀ ãäÌã‡ãŠãÔã ãäÌã¼ããØãã‡ãŠ¡î¶ã (UDD) Êãã¼ãã©¾ããÄÞãñ ÔãÌãóàã¥ã ‡ãñŠÊãñ

Öãñ¦ãñ ‚ãããä¥ã BPL ‡ãìŠ›âìºããâÞããè ÔãâŒ¾ãã 15.20 Êãàã ãä¶ããäÍÞã¦ã ‡ãñŠÊããè Öãñ¦ããè (½ãñ 2013).

RDD ‚ãããä¥ã UDD ‡ãŠ¡î¶ã Àã•¾ãã¦ã ½ããØããèÊã ÔãÌãóàã¥ãã¦ã ãä¶ããäÍÞã¦ã ‡ãñŠÊãñÊ¾ãã BPL ‡ãìŠ›ìâºããâÞããè

ÔãâŒ¾ãã 59.67 Êãàã Öãñ¦ããè, ½ãã¨ã, ½ãñ 2013 ¹ã¾ãÄ¦ã, TPDS ‚ãâ¦ãØãÃ¦ã BPL ãäÍã£ãã¹ããä¨ã‡ãŠã

£ããÀ‡ãŠãâÞããè ÔãâŒ¾ãã 67.82 Êãàã Öãñ¦ããè. ‚ãÍãã¹ãÆ‡ãŠãÀñ, ãäÌã¼ããØãã¶ãñ RDD ‚ãããä¥ã UDD Þ¾ãã

ÔãÌãóàã¥ããÌãÀ ‚ãã£ããÀãè¦ã BPL ãäÍã£ãã ¹ããä¨ã‡ãŠãâÞãñ ¹ãì¶ããäÌãÃÊããñ‡ãŠ¶ã ¶ã ‡ãñŠÊ¾ãã½ãìßñ Àã•¾ãã¦ã 8.15 Êãàã

•ããÔ¦ããèÞãñ BPL ãäÍã£ãã¹ããä¨ã‡ãŠã£ããÀ‡ãŠ Öãñ¦ãñ.

ÍããÔã¶ãã¶ãñ ‚ãÔãñ ¶ã½ãîª ‡ãñŠÊãñ (¶ããñÌÖòºãÀ 2013) ‡ãŠãè, RDD, ¶ãñ ‡ãñŠÊãñÊ¾ãã ÔãÌãóàã¥ããÞ¾ãã ‚ãã£ããÀãÌãÀ,

20 Êãàã ‚ã¹ããèÊã ªãŒãÊã ‡ãñŠÊãñ ØãñÊãñ Öãñ¦ãñ Ìã ½ãñ 2013 ¹ã¾ãÄ¦ã ‚ã¹ããèÊã ãä¶ããä¥ãÃ¦ã ‡ãŠÀ¦ããâ¶ãã ¾ããªãè¦ã

1.47 Êãàã ‡ãìŠ›ìâºãñ ÌãØãß¥¾ãã¦ã ‚ããÊããè Öãñ¦ããè ¦ãÀ 0.92 Êãàã ‡ãìŠ›ìâºããâÞããè ¼ãÀ ¹ã¡Êããè, ‚ãÍãããäÀ¦ããè¶ãñ,

†‡ãŠâªÀ BPL ‡ãìŠ›ìâºãñ 44.47 Êãàã ¢ããÊããè Öãñ¦ããè. ‚ãÍãããäÀ¦ããè¶ãñ, ½ãñ 2013 ¹ã¾ãÄ¦ã RDD ‚ãããä¥ã UDD

‡ãŠ¡î¶ã ãä¶ã£ããÃãäÀ¦ã ‡ãñŠÊãñÊ¾ãã BPL ‡ãìŠ›ìâºããâÞããè †‡ãŠî¥ã ÔãâŒ¾ãã 59.67 Êãàã (44.47 Êãàã + 15.20 Êãàã)

Öãñ¦ããè. ÍããÔã¶ãã¶ãñ ¹ãì¤ñ ‚ãÔãñÖãè ¶ã½ãîª ‡ãñŠÊãñ ‡ãŠãè, ‚ã¹ããèÊã ãä¶ããä¥ãÃ¦ã ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ãã‚ãã£ããèÞããè BPL ÔãÌãóàã¥ããÞããè

½ãããäÖ¦ããè •ãÀ ãäÌãÞããÀã¦ã Üãñ¦ãÊããè ‚ãÔã¦ããè ¦ãÀ, BPL Êãã¼ãã©¾ããÃâÞããè Ì¾ãã¹¦ããè ‡ãŠ½ããè ¢ããÊããè ‚ãÔã¦ããè,

¹ããäÀ¥ãã½ã¦ã: ¾ããñ•ã¶ãñ ‚ãâ¦ãØãÃ¦ã ‚ã¸ã£ãã¶¾ããÌãÀ ½ããñŸ¾ãã ¹ãÆ½ãã¥ããÌãÀ Ôãî› ãä½ãß¥¾ããÞ¾ãã Êãã¼ããÔã ½ãì‡ãŠãÌãñ

ÊããØãÊãñ ‚ãÔã¦ãñ.

Öñ „¦¦ãÀ ÔÌããè‡ãŠãÀ¥ããè¾ã ¶ããÖãè ‡ãŠãÀ¥ã, ¹ãã¨ã Êãã¼ãã©¾ããÄ¶ããÞã ÔãÌãÊã¦ããèÞ¾ãã ªÀã¶ãñ ‚ã¸ã£ãã¶¾ããÞãñ ãäÌã¦ãÀ¥ã

ÌÖãÌãñ ÖñÞã ÍããÔã¶ããÞãñ „ªáªãèÓ› Öãñ¦ãñ. ¦ãÔãñÞã, ‚ããä¹ãÊã ãä¶ããä¥ãÃ¦ã ¢ããÊ¾ãã¶ãâ¦ãÀÖãè, Àã•¾ãã¦ã 59.67 Êãàã

BPL ‡ãìŠ›ìâºãñ Öãñ¦ããè ¦ãÀ ½ãñ 2013 ¹ã¾ãÄ¦ã 67.82 Êãàã BPL ãäÍã£ãã¹ããä¨ã‡ãŠã£ããÀ‡ãŠ Öãñ¦ãñ.

2.2.8.2 ãäÍã£ãã·ããä¨ã‡ãŠãâÞãñ ·ãìµããäÌãÀÊããñ‡ãŠµã

PDS (ãä¶ã¾ãâ¨ã¥ã) ‚ããªñÍã, 2001, ¶ãìÔããÀ ãäÍã£ãã¹ããä¨ã‡ãŠã ¹ãîÌããê ãä¶ãÊãâºããè¦ã ‚ã©ãÌãã Àªáª ‡ãñŠÊããè ¶ãÔãñÊã ¦ãÀ

¦ããè •ããÀãè ‡ãñŠÊãñÊ¾ãã ¦ããÀŒãñ¹ããÔãî¶ã ¹ããÞã ÌãÓããÄ¹ã¾ãÄ¦ã Ìãõ£ã ‚ãÔã¦ãñ. ¦ãÔãñÞã ‚ãã£ããèÞ¾ãã ½ãããäÖ¦ããèÞããè ¶ãÌ¾ãã¶ãñ

¹ã¡¦ããß¥ããè ‡ãŠÁ¶ã ‚ãããä¥ã ½ãÖãÀãÓ›È ÍããÔã¶ãã¶ãñ ãäÌããäÖ¦ã ‡ãñŠÊãñÊ¾ãã ƒ¦ãÀ ÞããÞã¥¾ãã ¹ãî¥ãÃ ‡ãŠÁ¶ã ¹ãì¶Öã

ãä‡ãâŠÌãã ¶ãÌããè¶ã ãäÍã£ãã¹ããä¨ã‡ãŠã •ããÀãè ‡ãŠÀ¦ãã ¾ãñ¦ãñ ãä‡ãâŠÌãã ãä¦ãÞãñ ¶ãì¦ã¶ããè‡ãŠÀ¥ã ‡ãŠÀ¦ãã ¾ãñ¦ãñ. ÊãñŒãã¹ããäÀàãñ¦ã

ŒããÊããèÊã ØããñÓ›ãè ‚ãã¤ßî¶ã ‚ããÊ¾ãã:

ÞããÞã¥ããè ¦ã¹ããÔã¥ããè ‡ãñŠÊãñÊ¾ãã ÞããÀ ‡ãŠã¾ããÃÊã¾ããâ½ã£¾ãñ (DSOs ºããè¡, ¶ãâªîÀºããÀ, •ãßØããÌã ‚ãããä¥ã

Ÿã¥ãñ ãäÍã£ããÌãã›¹ã àãñ¨ã), ÔÌãÜããñÓã¥ãã¹ã¨ã ‚ãããä¥ã ¹ãÆãä¦ã—ãã¹ã¨ããÞ¾ãã ‚ãã£ããÀãÌãÀ ‚ããÌãñª‡ãŠãâ¶ãã

ãäÍã£ãã¹ã¨ã‡ãñŠ •ããÀãè ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ãã¦ã ‚ããÊããè Öãñ¦ããè.ãäÌã¼ããØãã¶ãñ, ‚ããÌãñª¶ã¹ã¨ãã¦ã ãäªÊãñÊãã, ÞããÀÞãã‡ãŠãè

ÌããÖ¶ãñ, •ããä½ããä¶ãÞ¾ãã ½ããÊã‡ãŠãèÞãã ¦ã¹ãÍããèÊã ƒ¦¾ããªãèÞããè Œãã¨ããè ‡ãŠÁ¶ã ‚ã¹ãã¨ã ãäÍã£ãã¹ã¨ã‡ãñŠ À

32

2008-09 ‚ãããä¥ã 2009-10 (26,83,607); 2010-11 (25,33,213); 2011-12 ‚ãããä¥ã 2012-13 (24,08,670)


43

‡ãŠÀ¥¾ããÔããŸãè ƒ¦ãÀ ÍããÔã‡ãŠãè¾ã ãäÌã¼ããØããâºãÀãñºãÀ, •ãÔãñ, ½ãÖÔãîÊã ãäÌã¼ããØã ‚ãããä¥ã ¹ãÆãªñãäÍã‡ãŠ

¹ããäÀÌãÖ¶ã ãäÌã¼ããØã ¾ããâÞ¾ããÍããè Ôã½ã¶Ìã¾ã Ôãã£ãÊãã ¶ãÌÖ¦ãã.

‡ãŠãÖãè ¹ãÆ‡ãŠÀ¥ããâ½ã£¾ãñ, ‚ããÌãñª¶ããÞ¾ãã ¹ãÆ¹ã¨ããâ½ã£¾ãñ ÔããªÀ ‡ãñŠÊãñÊ¾ãã ‚ã¹ãî¥ãÃ ½ãããäÖ¦ããèÞ¾ãã ‚ãã£ããÀãÌãÀ

ãäÍã£ãã¹ããä¨ã‡ãŠã ªñ¥¾ãã¦ã ‚ããÊ¾ãã Öãñ¦¾ãã, „¦¹ã¸ã ÜããñãäÓã¦ã ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ãã¦ã ‚ããÊãñ ¶ãÌÖ¦ãñ ‚ãããä¥ã ãä•ãÊÖã

ãäÍã£ããÌãã›¹ã àãñ¨ããâÞ¾ãã ãäÍã£ããÌãã›¹ã ¹ãÆããä£ã‡ãŠã-¾ããâ‡ãŠ¡î¶ã ‚ããä£ã¹ãÆ½ãã¥ã¶ã ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ãã¦ã ‚ããÊãñ ¶ãÌÖ¦ãñ.

ÞããÞã¥ããè ¦ã¹ããÔã¥ããè ‡ãñŠÊãñÊ¾ãã ÞããÀ ‡ãŠã¾ããÃÊã¾ããâ¦ã (‚ã½ãÀãÌã¦ããè, ºããè¡, •ãßØããÌã ‚ãããä¥ã ¶ãâªîÀºããÀ)

‡ãŠãñ-¾ãã ãäÍã£ãã¹ããä¨ã‡ãŠãâÞãã ÊãñŒãã ŸñÌã¥¾ãã¦ã ‚ããÊãã ¶ãÌÖ¦ãã ‚ãããä¥ã ÌãÓãÃ 2008-13 ªÀ½¾ãã¶ã

ãäÍã£ãã¹ããä¨ã‡ãŠãâÞ¾ãã ÔããŸ¿ããÞããè ¹ãÆ¦¾ãàã ¹ã¡¦ããß¥ããè ‡ãñŠÊããè ¶ãÌÖ¦ããè. ãäÍã£ãã¹ããä¨ã‡ãŠã ‚ã¾ããñØ¾ã ¹ã®¦ããè¶ãñ

ŸñÌãÊ¾ãã½ãìßñ ãäÍã£ãã¹ããä¨ã‡ãŠãâÞãã ‚ãÌãõ£ã Ìãã¹ãÀ Öãñ¥¾ããÞããè Íã‡ã‹¾ã¦ãã ¶ãã‡ãŠãÀ¦ãã ¾ãñ¦ã ¶ãÌÖ¦ããè.

ÍããÔã¶ãã¶ãñ ‚ãÔãñ ¶ã½ãîª ‡ãñŠÊãñ (¶ããñÌÖòºãÀ 2013) ‡ãŠãè, ãäÍã£ãã¹ããä¨ã‡ãŠã Ìãã›¹ã ‡ãŠÀ¦ããâ¶ãã Üãñ¥¾ããÞããè ªàã¦ãã,

‡ãŠãñ-¾ãã ãäÍã£ãã¹ããä¨ã‡ãŠãâÞããè ‡ãŠãß•ããè Üãñ¥¾ããÔããŸãè ‚ãÌãÊãâºã ‡ãŠÀã¾ãÞ¾ãã ¹ã®¦ããèºããºã¦ã ¦ã¹ãÍããèÊãÌããÀ ãä¶ãªóÍã

•ãî¶ã 2013 ½ã£¾ãñ •ããÀãè ‡ãñŠÊãñ ‚ããÖñ¦ã.

2.2.9 ãäÌã§ããè¾ã Ì¾ãÌãÔ©ãã¹ã¶ã

ãäÌã¼ããØããÞãã †‡ãŠ ÔÌããè¾ã ¹ãÆ¹ãâ•ããè ÊãñŒãã (PLA) ‚ãÔã¦ããñ •ããñ ãäÌã§ããè¾ã ÔãÊÊããØããÀ ‚ãããä¥ã „¹ãÔããäÞãÌã

Ôããâ¼ããß¦ãã¦ã. ¹ãÆ¦¾ãñ‡ãŠ DSO ‡ãŠ¡ñ Ôãì®ã †‡ãŠ PLA ‚ãÔã¦ããñ •¾ãã¦ã ãäÌã§ããè¾ã ÔãÊÊããØããÀ ‚ãããä¥ã „¹ãÔããäÞãÌã

ãä¶ã£ããèÞãñ ÖÔ¦ããâ¦ãÀ¥ã ‡ãŠÀ¦ãã¦ã. ãäÌã¼ããØããÞ¾ãã ½ãÖÔãîÊããè ‚ãããä¥ã ¼ããâ¡ÌãÊããè ŒãÞãÃ ÍããèÓããÃŒããÊããèÊã ÌãÓãÃ

2008-09 ¦ãñ 2012-13 ªÀ½¾ãã¶ã ‚ã©ãÃÔãâ‡ãŠÊ¹ããè¾ã ‚ãâªã•ã ‚ãããä¥ã ¹ãÆ¦¾ãàã ŒãÞãÃ ŒããÊããèÊã¹ãÆ½ãã¥ãñ Öãñ¦ãã:

¦ã‡ã‹¦ãã 1: ¹ããâ¡ÌãÊããè ‚ãããä¥ã ºãÖÔãîÊããè- ‚ãâªã•ã ‚ãããä¥ã ŒãÞãÀ

(` ‡ãŠãñ›ãè¦ã)

ÌãÓãÃ

½ãÖÔãîÊããè ¼ããâ¡ÌãÊããè ‚ãããä£ã‡ã‹»ã (+)/ºãÞã¦ã (-)

‚ãâãä¦ãºã

‚ãâªã•ã

·ãÃ¦»ãàã ŒãÞãÀ

‚ãâãä¦ãºã

‚ãâªã•ã

·ãÃ¦»ãàã ŒãÞãÀ ½ãÖÔãîÊããè ¼ããâ¡ÌãÊããè

2008-09 580.28 481.44 2115.31 2315.40 -98.84 +200.09

2009-10 683.81 675.79 4009.86 3778.50 -8.02 -231.36

2010-11 736.78 734.54 4124.37 3672.27 -2.24 -452.10

2011-12 431.41 431.65 3871.67 3416.92 +0.24 -454.75

2012-13 484.51 477.69 4139.31 3254.40 -6.82 -884.91

(Ô¨ããñ¦ã : ãäÌã¼ããØãã¶ãñ ÔããªÀ ‡ãñŠÊãñÊããè ½ãããäÖ¦ããè)

ãäÌã¼ããØãã¶ãñ ‚ãÔãñ ¶ã½ãîª ‡ãñŠÊãñ (¶ããñÌÖòºãÀ 2013) ‡ãŠãè, ÌãÓãÃ 2008-09 ªÀ½¾ãã¶ã ‚ã©ãÃÔãâ‡ãŠÊ¹ããè¾ã

‚ãâªã•ãã¹ãñàãã ¼ããâ¡ÌãÊããè ŒãÞããÃÌãÀ ¢ããÊãñÊãã ‚ããä£ã‡ãŠ ŒãÞãÃ Öã PLA ãä¶ã£ããè¦ãî¶ã ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ãã¦ã ‚ããÊãã Öãñ¦ãã.

Öã Ìãã¤ãèÌã ŒãÞãÃ ¹ãã½ã ¦ãñÊã, ¦ããâªîß ‚ãããä¥ã ØãÖî ¾ããâÞ¾ãã Ìãã¤ãèÌã ãå‡ãŠ½ã¦ããèÊãã ¹ãÆãä¦ãºãâ£ã ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ããÔããŸãè,

¦¾ããÞããè ŒãÀñªãè ‚ãããä¥ã ãäÌã¦ãÀ¥ã ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ããÔããŸãè ¢ããÊãã Öãñ¦ãã. ãäÌã¼ããØãã¶ãñ ¹ãì¤ñ ‚ãÔãñÖãè ¶ã½ãîª ‡ãñŠÊãñ ‡ãŠãè,

2009-13 ªÀ½¾ãã¶ã ¢ããÊãñÊããè ºãÞã¦ã Öãè ‚ãâªã•ã¹ã¨ã‡ãŠãè¾ã ãäÌã¦ãÀ¥ã ¹ãÆ¥ããÊããè¦ããèÊã ¦ããâãä¨ã‡ãŠ ‚ã¡Þã¥ããé½ãìßñ

(2009-10), ãä¶ã£ããè „ÍããèÀã¶ãñ ¹ãÆã¹¦ã ¢ããÊ¾ãã½ãìßñ (2010-11), ãäÌã¼ããØãã¶ãñ ãäÍã£ãã¹ã¨ã‡ãŠ ¹ãì¶ããäÌãÃÊããñ‡ãŠ¶ããÞããè

½ããñÖãè½ã ÀãºããäÌãÊ¾ãã½ãìßñ Êãã¼ãã©¾ããÄÞ¾ãã ÔãâŒ¾ãñ¦ã ¢ããÊãñÊããè Üã› (2009 ‚ãããä¥ã 2011) ‚ãããä¥ã †ãä¹ãÆÊã


44

2013 ÔããŸãè ½ãÖãÀãÓ›È ÍããÔã¶ãã¶ãñ ãä•ãÊÖããä¶ãÖã¾ã ‚ã¸ã£ãã¶¾ããÞ¾ãã Ìãã›¹ããÞãñ ‚ããªñÍã „ÍããèÀã¶ãñ •ããÀãè

33

‡ãñŠÊ¾ãã½ãìßñ ¢ããÊããè Öãñ¦ããè.

2.2.9.1 Ôã¸ããäÔã¡ãèÞãñ ‚ããäµã»ããä½ã¦ã ‚ããÖ½¥ã

CIP ‚ããä£ã‡ãŠ Öã¦ããß¥ããè ‚ãããä¥ã ¹ãÆÍããÔããä¶ã‡ãŠ ŒãÞãÃ ‚ãããä¥ã Øããñªã½ãã¦ãî¶ã ½ããÊã ãä¶ãØãÃãä½ã¦ã ‡ãŠÀ¦ãã¶ããÞããè

¦¾ããÞããè ãå‡ãŠ½ã¦ã ¾ãã¦ããèÊã ¦ã¹ãŠãÌã¦ããèÞããè À‡ã‹‡ãŠ½ã Öãè ½ãÖãÀãÓ›È ÍããÔã¶ãã‡ãŠ¡î¶ã ÔãºããäÔã¡ãè ½Ö¥ãî¶ã ªñ¥¾ãã¦ã

¾ãñ¦ãñ. ¶ããñÌÖòºãÀ 1992 Þ¾ãã ÍããÔã¶ã ãä¶ã¥ãÃ¾ãã¶ãìÔããÀ (GR) ‚ã¸ã£ãã¶¾ã, ¹ãã½ã ¦ãñÊã ‚ãããä¥ã ƒ¦ãÀ ÌãÔ¦ãîâÞ¾ãã

ŒãÀñªãèÌãÀ ‚ã¶ãì‰ãŠ½ãñ 12 ›‡ã‹‡ãñŠ, ¹ããÞã ›‡ã‹‡ãñŠ ‚ãããä¥ã ÔãÖã ›‡ã‹‡ãñŠ ‚ãÔãã Öã¦ããß¥ããè ‚ãããä¥ã ¹ãÆÍããÔããä¶ã‡ãŠ

ŒãÞãÃ ŸÀãäÌã¥¾ãã¦ã ‚ããÊãã Öãñ¦ãã. ÌãÓãÃ 2008-13 ªÀ½¾ãã¶ã ãäÌã¼ããØããÊãã ` 1,904.31 ‡ãŠãñ›ãè

ÔãºããäÔã¡ãè ¹ãÆã¹¦ã ¢ããÊããè Öãñ¦ããè. ÊãñŒãã¹ããäÀàãñÊãã ŒããÊããèÊã ºããºããè ‚ãã¤ßî¶ã ‚ããÊ¾ãã:

ÌãÓãÃ 2009-12 ªÀ½¾ãã¶ã AAY ¾ããñ•ã¶ãñ ‚ãâ¦ãØãÃ¦ã ¦ããâªîß ‚ãããä¥ã ØãÌÖãÞ¾ãã ãäÌã¦ãÀ¥ã, Öã¦ããß¥ããè

‚ãããä¥ã ¹ãÆÍããÔããä¶ã‡ãŠ ŒãÞããÃÞããè ›‡ã‹‡ãñŠÌããÀãè ½ãÖãÀãÓ›È ÍããÔã¶ãã¶ãñ 1992 ½ã£¾ãñ ¶ã½ãîª ‡ãñŠÊ¾ãã¹ãÆ½ãã¥ãñ

12 ›‡ã‹‡ã‹¾ããâ †ñÌã•ããè 20 ›‡ã‹‡ãñŠ ãäÖÍãñºãã¦ã £ãÀ¥¾ãã¦ã ‚ããÊããè, ¹ããäÀ¥ãã½ã¦ã: ` 41.25 ‡ãŠãñ›ãèÞããè

•ããÔ¦ããèÞããè ÔãºããäÔã¡ãè ªñ¥¾ãã¦ã ‚ããÊããè.

ÌãÓãÃ 2009-12 ªÀ½¾ãã¶ã, ãäÌã¼ããØãã¶ãñ ½ããØããèÊã ÌãÓããêÞ¾ãã ‚ã¸ã£ãã¶¾ããÞããè „ÞãÊã ãäÌãÞããÀã¦ã ¶ã Üãñ¦ãã,

ãäÍã£ãã ¹ããä¨ã‡ãŠãâÞ¾ãã ÔãâŒ¾ãñÌãÀ ‚ãããä¥ã ¹ãÆãä¦ã ¹ããä¨ã‡ãŠã ‚ã¶ãì—ãñ¾ã ‚ãÔã¥ãã-¾ãã £ãã¶¾ããÞ¾ãã ‚ãã£ããÀãÌãÀ

ÔãºããäÔã¡ãè ‚ãâªããä•ã¦ã ‡ãñŠÊããè Öãñ¦ããè ‚ãããä¥ã ` 1,284.42 ‡ãŠãñ›ãè ÔãºããäÔã¡ãè ¹ãÆã¹¦ã ‡ãñŠÊããè

Öãñ¦ããè. ãäÌã¼ããØãã¶ãñ ¾ãã ‡ãŠãÊããÌã£ããèÔããŸãè Øã¥ã¶ã ‡ãñŠÊãñÊããè (‚ããùØãÔ› 2012) ¹ãÆ¦¾ãàã ÔãºããäÔã¡ãè

` 591.92 ‡ãŠãñ›ãè

34 ƒ¦ã‡ãŠãè Öãñ¦ããè, ¹ããäÀ¥ãã½ã¦ã: ` 692.50 ‡ãŠãñ›ãèÞ¾ãã ÔãºããäÔã¡ãèÞãñ ‚ããä¶ã¾ã½ããè¦ã

‚ããÖÀ¥ã ¢ããÊãñ Öãñ¦ãñ •ããè PLA ½ã£ãñ ¹ã¡î¶ã Öãñ¦ããè.

ÌãÓãÃ 2008-09 ‚ãããä¥ã 2012-13 ÔããŸãè ãäÌã¼ããØãã¶ãñ ÔãºããäÔã¡ãè¹ããñ›ãè ` 619.89 ‡ãŠãñ›ãè ¹ãÆã¹¦ã ‡ãñŠÊãñ

Öãñ¦ãñ, ¦ã©ãããä¹ã, ãä•ãÊÖ¿ããâ‡ãŠ¡î¶ã ½ããØã¥ããè ¹ãÆãä¦ããäàã¦ã ‚ãÔãÊ¾ãã½ãìßñ ãäÌã¼ããØãã¶ãñ ¹ãÆ¦¾ãàã ÔãºããäÔã¡ãèÞãñ

Øã¥ã¶ã ‡ãñŠÊãñ ¶ãÌÖ¦ãñ.

ÍããÔã¶ãã¶ãñ ‚ãÔãñ ÔããâãäØã¦ãÊãñ (¶ããñÌÖòºãÀ 2013) ‡ãŠãè, ªãñ¶Öãè ¾ããñ•ã¶ããâ½ã£¾ãñ Öã¦ããß¥ããè Ìã ¹ãÆÍããÔããä¶ã‡ãŠ

ŒãÞãÃ ÔããÀŒããÞã ‚ãÔãî¶ãÖãè AAY ‚ãâ¦ãØãÃ¦ã ‚ã¸ã£ãã¶¾ããÞããè CIP ‡ãŠ½ããè ‚ãÔãÊ¾ãã¶ãñ AAY ‚ãâ¦ãØãÃ¦ã

Öã¦ããß¥ããè Ìã ¹ãÆÍããÔããä¶ã‡ãŠ ŒãÞããÄÞããè CIP ÌãÀãèÊã ›‡ã‹‡ãñŠÌããÀãè BPL ¹ãñàãã ‡ãŠ½ããè ¾ãñ¦ãñ. ÍããÔã¶ãã¶ãñ ¹ãì¤ñ

‚ãÔãñÖãè ¶ã½ãîª ‡ãñŠÊãñ ‡ãŠãè, ` 692.50 ‡ãŠãñ›ãèÞããè „ÌãÃÀãè¦ã ÔãºããäÔã¡ãè ÌãÓãÃ 2009-12 ‡ãŠãÊããÌã£ããèÞ¾ãã

APL/BPLÞ¾ãã ÔããŒãÀ, ¦ãîÀ¡ãß ‚ãããä¥ã ¹ãã½ã ¦ãñÊããÌãÀãèÊã ÔãºããäÔã¡ãè ãä¶ããä¥ãÃ¦ã ‡ãŠÀ¦ããâ¶ãã, ãäÌã§ã

ãäÌã¼ããØããÊãã ÔãîãäÞã¦ã ‡ãŠÁ¶ã Ôã½ãã¾ããñãä•ã¦ã ‡ãñŠÊããè •ããƒÃÊã.

Öñ „§ãÀ ÔÌããè‡ãŠãÀ¥ããè¾ã ¶ããÖãè ‡ãŠãÀ¥ã, ¶ããñÌÖòºãÀ 1992 Þ¾ãã ÍããÔã¶ã ãä¶ã¥ãÃ¾ãã¶ãìÔããÀ, ‚ã¸ã£ãã¶¾ããÞããè

ŒãÀñªãè ãä‡ãâŠ½ã¦ã ãäÌãÞããÀã¦ã ¶ã Üãñ¦ãã, 12 ›‡ã‹‡ãñŠ ªÀã¶ãñ Öã¦ããß¥ããè ‚ãããä¥ã ¹ãÆÍããÔããä¶ã‡ãŠ ŒãÞãÃ

33‚ããªñÍã 31 ½ããÞãÃ 2013 Êãã •ããÀãè ¢ããÊãã Öãñ¦ãã.

34BPL ` 266.86 ‡ãŠãñ›ãè, AAY ` 275.13 ‡ãŠãñ›ãè ‚ãããä¥ã APL ` 49.93 ‡ãŠãñ›ãè


45

‚ãã‡ãŠãÀãÌã¾ããÞãã Öãñ¦ãã. ¦ãÔãñÞã, „ÌãÃÀãè¦ã ` 692.50 ‡ãŠãñ›ãè ÔãºããäÔã¡ãèÞãñ ‚ãâãä¦ã½ã Ôã½ãã¾ããñ•ã¶ã

ÊãñŒãã¹ãÀãèàãñÊãã ¹ãÆãä¦ãàããè¦ã Öãñ¦ãñ (•ãã¶ãñÌããÀãè 2014).

2.2.9.2 ãä½‡ãŠãº»ãã ·ããñ¦»ããâÞããè ãäÌãÊÖñÌãã› µã ÊããÌã¥ãñ

½ãÖãÀãÓ›È ÍããÔã¶ãã¶ãñ •ããÀãè ‡ãŠÊãñÊ¾ãã ãä¶ãªóÍãã¶ãìÔããÀ (¶ããñÌÖòºãÀ 1999) £ãã¶¾ã ÌããÖî¶ã ¶ãñ¥¾ããÔããŸãè

„¹ã¾ããñØãã¦ã ‚ãã¥ãÊãñÊ¾ãã ¹ããñ¦¾ããâÞããè ªÀÌãÓããê ãä¶ããäÌãªã/ ãäÊãÊããÌãã´ãÀñ ãäÌãÊÖñÌãã› ÊããÌã¥ãñ ‚ããÌãÍ¾ã‡ãŠ Öãñ¦ãñ.

ÞããÞã¥ããè ¦ã¹ããÔã¥ããè ‡ãñŠÊãñÊ¾ãã 11 ¹ãõ‡ãŠãè ¶ã… ‡ãŠã¾ããÃÊã¾ããâÞ¾ãã ªÔ¦ã†ñÌã•ããâÞ¾ãã ¦ã¹ããÔã¥ããè¦ã ‚ãÔãñ ‚ãã¤ßî¶ã

‚ããÊãñ ‡ãŠãè, ½ãñ 2013 ¹ã¾ãÃâ¦ã 25.56 Êãàã ãäÀ‡ãŠã½ããè ¹ããñ¦ããè

35

†‡ãŠ ÌãÓããÃ¹ãñàãã •ããÔ¦ã ‡ãŠãßã¹ããÔãî¶ã ¹ã¡î¶ã

Öãñ¦ããè. ¦ãÔãñÞã ãäÀ‡ãŠã½¾ãã ¹ããñ¦¾ããâÞããè ãäÌãÊÖñÌãã› ¶ã ÊããÌãÊ¾ãã½ãìßñ ‡ãñŠÌãß ÍããÔã¶ããÞãã ` 1.59 ‡ãŠãñ›ãèÞãã

(‚ãâãä¦ã½ã ãä¶ããäÌãªñ¦ããèÊã ªÀãâÌãÀ ‚ãã£ãããäÀ¦ã) ½ãÖÔãîÊã ‚ã¡‡ãîŠ¶ã ¹ã¡Êãã Öãñ¦ãã ‚ãÔãñ ¶ããÖãè ¦ãÀ ¦ããè ¹ããñ¦ããè

ŒãÀãºãÖãè Öãñ¦ã Öãñ¦ããè.

ÍããÔã¶ãã¶ãñ ‚ãÔãñ ¶ã½ãîª ‡ãñŠÊãñ ‡ãŠãè (¶ããñÌÖòºãÀ 2013), ÔãÌãÃ ãä•ãÊÖããä£ã‡ãŠã-¾ããâ¶ãã £ãã¶¾ããÞ¾ãã ãäÀ‡ãŠã½¾ãã

¹ããñ¦¾ããâÞ¾ãã ÔããŸ¿ããÞãã ‚ãã¤ãÌãã Üãñ¥¾ããÞãñ ‚ãããä¥ã ¦¾ããâÞããè ãäÌãÊÖñÌãã› ÊããÌã¥¾ããÔããŸãè ¾ããñØ¾ã ¦ããè ‡ãŠãÀÌããƒÃ

‡ãŠÀ¥¾ããÞãñ ãä¶ãªóÍã ãäªÊãñ ‚ããÖñ¦ã (•ãìÊãõ 2013).

2.2.9.3 ¹ãã½¦ããè»ã ‚ã¶ã ºãÖãºãâ¡ßã‡ãŠ¡ñ ·ãÃÊãâãä¸ã¦ã ‚ãÔãÊãñÊããè ‚ãØãÃãèºãñ

TPDS ‚ãâ¦ãØãÃ¦ã ‡ãòŠ³ ÍããÔã¶ãã‡ãŠ¡î¶ã Öãñ¦ã ‚ãÔãÊãñÊ¾ãã ‚ã¸ã£ãã¶¾ããÞ¾ãã ½ãããäÔã‡ãŠ Ìãã›¹ããÞ¾ãã ‚ãã£ããÀãÌãÀ

DSOs/FDOs ¾ããâ¶ããè ‚ã¸ã£ãã¶¾ããÞ¾ãã ãä‡ãâŠ½ã¦ããè¹ããñ›ãè Ôãâ¹ãî¥ãÃ À‡ã‹‡ãŠ½ã ‚ããØããÌãî ¼ãÁ¶ã FCI Øããñªã½ããâ¦ãî¶ã

‚ã¸ã£ãã¶¾ããÞããè „ÞãÊã ‡ãŠÀã¾ãÞããè ‚ãÔã¦ãñ. •ãÀ DSOs/FDOs ¶ããè £ãã¶¾ã Ôãâ¹ãî¥ãÃ¹ã¥ãñ „ÞãÊãÊãñ ¶ããÖãè ¦ãÀ

„ÞãÊã ¶ã ‡ãñŠÊãñÊ¾ãã ‚ã¸ã£ãã¶¾ããÞããè ãä‡ãŠâ½ã¦ã FCI ‡ãŠ¡î¶ã ¹ãÀ¦ã Ü¾ãã¾ãÞããè Öãñ¦ããè. ÞããÞã¥ããè ¦ã¹ããÔã¥ãã è

‡ãñŠÊãñÊ¾ãã ‡ãŠã¾ããÃÊã¾ãã¦ããèÊã FCI Êãã ¹ãÆªã¶ã ‡ãñŠÊãñÊ¾ãã ‚ããäØãÆ½ããâÔãâºãâ£ããèÞ¾ãã ªÔ¦ã†ñÌã•ããâÞ¾ãã ¦ã¹ããÔã¥ããè¦ã

‚ãÔãñ ‚ãã¤ßî¶ã ‚ããÊãñ ‡ãŠãè, 31 ½ããÞãÃ 2013 ¹ã¾ãÃâ¦ã ‚ããŸ

36

‡ãŠã¾ããÃÊã¾ããâ¦ã ` 77.96 ‡ãŠãñ›ãè À‡ã‹‡ãŠ½ãñÞãñ FCI

‡ãŠ¡î¶ã Ôã½ãã¾ããñ•ã¶ã/ÌãÔãìÊããè ¹ãÆÊãâãäºã¦ã Öãñ¦ããè •¾ãã¹ãõ‡ãŠãè ` 11.44 ‡ãŠãñ›ãèÞãñ Ôã½ãã¾ããñ•ã¶ã/ÌãÔãìÊããè ¦ããè¶ã

ÌãÓããÃ¹ãñàãã ‚ããä£ã‡ãŠ ‡ãŠãßã¹ããÔãî¶ã ¹ãÆÊãâãäºã¦ã Öãñ¦ããè.

ÍããÔã¶ãã¶ãñ ¶ã½ãîª ‡ãññŠÊãñ (¶ããñÌÖòºãÀ 2013) ‡ãŠãè, ‚ããù‡ã‹›ãñºãÀ 2013 ¹ã¾ãÃâ¦ã ` 77.96 ‡ãŠãñ›ãè¹ãõ‡ãŠãè

` 64.15 ‡ãŠãñ›ãè FCI ‡ãŠ¡î¶ã ÌãÔãîÊã ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ãã¦ã ‚ããÊãñ ‚ããÖñ¦ã.

2.2.10 ‚ã¶ã£ããµ»ã ‚ãããä¥ã ƒ¦ã½ ÌãÔ¦ãîÞãñ Ìãã›·ã ‚ãããä¥ã ãäÌã¦ã½¥ã

‡ãòŠ³ ÍããÔã¶ãã‡ãŠ¡î¶ã TPDS ‚ãâ¦ãØãÃ¦ã ‚ã¸ã£ãã¶¾ããâÞãñ Ìãã›¹ã Öñ BPL ‚ãããä¥ã AAY Êãã¼ãã©¾ããÄÞããè ÔãâŒ¾ãã

ãäÌãÞããÀã¦ã Üãñ…¶ã ‡ãñŠÊãñ •ãã¦ãñ. ‚ãÍãããäÀ¦ããè¶ãñ ‡ãòŠ³ ÍããÔã¶ãã‡ãŠ¡î¶ã ¹ãÆã¹¦ã ¢ããÊãñÊãñ ‚ã¸ã£ãã¶¾ã ãä•ãÊÖ¿ããâ¶ãã

¦ãñ©ããèÊã „¹ã¼ããñ‡ã‹¦¾ããâÞ¾ãã ÔãâŒ¾ãñ¶ãìÔããÀ ªÀ½ãÖã Ìãã›Êãñ •ãã¦ãñ. ‚ã¸ã£ãã¶¾ããÞ¾ãã ãä‡ãâŠ½ã¦ããèÞãñ ¹ãî¥ãÃ ‚ããØããÌãî

¹ãÆªã¶ã ‡ãŠÁ¶ã FCI Øããñªã½ããâ¦ãî¶ã DSOs ‚ã¸ã£ãã¶¾ããÞããè „ÞãÊã ‡ãŠÀ¦ãã¦ã. FCI Øããñªã½ããâ¦ãî¶ã ‚ã¸ã£ãã¶¾ããÞããè

„ÞãÊã ‡ãŠÁ¶ã ¦¾ããÞããè ¦ããÊãì‡ã‹¾ãã¦ããèÊã ãäÌããäÌã£ã Øããñªã½ããâ¹ã¾ãÃ¦ãÞããè ÌããÖ¦ãì‡ãŠ Ì¾ãÌãÔ©ãã DSOs Œãã•ãØããè

ÌããÖ¦ãì‡ãŠ ‡ãâŠ¨ãã›ªãÀãâ½ãã¹ãÃŠ¦ã ‡ãŠÀ¦ãã¦ã. ¹ãÆ¦¾ãñ‡ãŠ ½ããäÖ¶¾ãã¦ã ¦ããÊãì‡ã‹¾ããâ¶ããè Ìãã›¹ã ‡ãñŠÊãñÊ¾ãã ‚ã¸ã£ãã¶¾ããÞ¾ãã

‚ãã£ããÀñ ‚ã¸ã£ãã¶¾ããÞããè ãä‡ãâŠ½ã¦ã FPS ‡ãŠ¡î¶ã ‡ãŠãñÓããØããÀã¦ã ¼ãÀÊããè •ãã¦ãñ. ¦¾ãã¶ãâ¦ãÀ ¦ãñ ‚ã¸ã£ãã¶¾ã

35Ìãã¹ãÀ¥¾ãã¾ããñØ¾ã (5.64 Êãàã), Ìãã¹ãÀ¥¾ããÔã ‚ã¾ããñØ¾ã (17.52 Êãàã) ‚ãããä¥ã ¹ããñ¦¾ããâÞãñ ¦ãì‡ãŠ¡ñ (2.40 Êãàã)

36 ‚ã½ãÀãÌã¦ããè, ºããè¡, ½ãìâºãƒÃ ‚ãããä¥ã Ÿã¥ñã ãäÍã£ããÌãã›¹ã àãñ¨ã, •ãßØããÌã, ¶ãâªîÀºããÀ, ¹ãì¥ãñ, ÔããñÊãã¹ãîÀ ‚ãããä¥ã Ÿã¥ãñ


46

ãäÌã¼ããØãã‡ãŠ¡î¶ã ãä¶ã£ããÃãäÀ¦ã ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ãã¦ã ‚ããÊãñÊ¾ãã ãä‡ãâŠ½ã¦ããèÔã ãäÍã£ãã¹ããä¨ã‡ãŠã £ããÀ‡ãŠãâ¶ãã ãäÌã¦ãÀã è¦ã

‡ãŠÀ¥¾ããÔããŸãè FPS Þ¾ãã ½ããÊã‡ãŠãâ‡ãŠ¡î¶ã „ÞãÊãÊãñ •ãã¦ãñ. ½ãìâºãƒÃ Ìã Ÿã¥ãñ ¾ãñ©ããèÊã ãäÍã£ããÌãã›¹ã àãñ¨ã

¦ãÔãñÞã FDO ¹ãì¥ãñ ¾ãñ©ãñ FPS ½ãÖãÔãâÜã / FPS ¾ããâÞ¾ãã‡ãŠ¡î¶ã ©ãñ› FCI ¡ñ¹ããñ½ã£ãî¶ã £ãã¶¾ã „ÞãÊãÊãñ •ãã¦ãñ

‚ãããä¥ã ãäÍã£ãã¹ããä¨ã‡ãŠã £ããÀ‡ãŠãâ¶ãã ãäÌã¦ãÀãè¦ã ‡ãñŠÊãñ •ãã¦ãñ.

2.2.10.1 ‚ã¶ã£ããµ»ã Ìãã›·ã ‚ãããä¥ã „ÞãÊã »ããºã£ããèÊã ·ãŠ½‡ãŠ/ãäÌãÔãâØã¦ããè

FCI Ìã ãäÌã¼ããØãã¶ãñ ÔããªÀ ‡ãñŠÊãñÊããè ‚ã¸ã£ãã¶¾ã Ìãã›¹ã ‚ãããä¥ã „ÞãÊã ‡ãñŠÊ¾ããÞããè ÌãÓãÃ 2008-13 ¾ãã

‡ãŠãÊããÌã£ããè¦ããèÊã ‚ã¸ã£ãã¶¾ããÞãñ Ìãã›¹ã ‚ãããä¥ã „ÞãÊã ¾ãããäÌãÓã¾ããèÞ¾ãã ÔããªÀ ‡ãñŠÊãñÊ¾ãã ‚ãã‡ãŠ¡ñÌããÀãèÞããè

¦ãìÊã¶ãã ‡ãñŠÊããè ‚ãÔã¦ãã ¦ã¹ãŠãÌã¦ããè ‚ãã¤ßî¶ã ‚ããÊ¾ãã •¾ãã ·ããä½ãäÍãÓ› 2.2.2. ½ã£¾ãñ ªÍãÃãäÌã¥¾ãã¦ã ‚ããÊ¾ãã

‚ããÖñ¦ã Ìã ¦¾ããÞãã ÔããÀãâÍã ¦ã‡ã‹¦ãã 2 ½ã£¾ãñ ãäªÊãã ‚ããÖñ.

¦ã‡ã‹¦ãã-2 ‚ã¶ã£ããµ»ã Ìãã›·ã ‚ãããä¥ã „ÞãÊã »ããºã£ããèÊã ãäÌãÔãâØã¦ããè

(10,000 ºãñ.›µããºã£»ãñ)

ãäÍã£ãã·ããä¨ã‡ãŠã

£ãã½‡ãŠãâÞããè

ÌãØãÃÌããÀãè

FCI Þ»ãã ‚ãã‡ãŠ¡ñÌãã½ãè·ãñàãã ‡ãŠºããè

‚ãÔãÊãñÊããè ãäÌã¹ããØããÞããè ‚ãã‡ãŠ¡ñÌãã½ãè

FCI Þ»ãã ‚ãã‡ãŠ¡ñÌãã½ãè·ãñàãã •ããÔ¦ã ‚ãÔãÊãñÊããè

ãäÌã¹ããØããÞããè ‚ãã‡ãŠ¡ñÌãã½ãè

Ìãã›·ã „ÞãÊã Ìãã›·ã „ÞãÊã

APL 0 17.20 116.60 5.14

BPL 37.05 36.73 60.35 1.70

AAY 5.58 11.66 1.83 0

(Ô¨ããñ¦ã: ãäÌã¼ããØãã¶ãñ ‚ãããä¥ã FCI ¶ãñ ÔããªÀ ‡ãñŠÊãñÊããè ‚ãã‡ãŠ¡ñÌããÀãè)

‚ã¸ã£ãã¶¾ã ‚ãÌãõ£ã ãäÀ¦ããè¶ãñ ªìÔãÀãè‡ãŠ¡ñ ÌãßãäÌã¥¾ãã¦ã ¾ãñ¦ã ¶ããÖãè ¾ããÞããè Œãã¨ããè ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ããÔããŸãè

‚ã¸ã£ãã¶¾ããÞãñ Ìãã›¹ã ‚ãããä¥ã „ÞãÊã ¾ãã¦ããèÊã ¦ã¹ãŠãÌã¦ããèÞãã ¦ããß½ãñß ÜããÊã¥ãñ Ìã ¦¾ããÞãã ¦ã¹ããÔã Üãñ¥ãñ

‚ããÌãÍ¾ã‡ãŠ ‚ããÖñ.

2.2.10.2 Ìãã›·ã ‡ãñŠÊãñÊ»ãã ‚ã¶ã£ããµ»ããâÞããèñ FCI Øããñªãºãã¦ãîµã „ÞãÊã µã ‡ãŠ½¥ãñ

‡ãŠñâªÆ ÍããÔã¶ãã‡ãŠ¡î¶ã Ìãã›¹ã ‚ããªñÍã ¹ãÆã¹¦ã ¢ããÊ¾ãã¹ããÔãî¶ã 10 ãäªÌãÔããâÞ¾ãã ‚ãã¦ã FCI Øããñªã½ããâ¦ãî¶ã

‚ã¸ã£ãã¶¾ã „ÞãÊã¥ãñ ØãÀ•ãñÞãñ ‚ãÔã¦ãñ.ãäÌããäÖ¦ã ‡ãŠãÊããÌã£ããè¦ã DSOs ¶ãñ •ãÀ FCI Øããñªã½ããâ¦ãî¶ã Ìãã›¹ã

‡ãñŠÊãñÊ¾ãã ‚ã¸ã£ãã¶¾ããâÞããè „ÞãÊã ‡ãñŠÊããè ¶ããÖãè ¦ãÀ „ÞãÊã ¶ã ‡ãñŠÊãñÊãñ ‚ã¸ã£ãã¶¾ã Àªáªºããºã¦ã Öãñ¦ãñ.

ÊãñŒãã¹ãÀãèàñãÊãã ŒããÊããèÊã ØããñÓ›ãè ‚ãã¤ßî¶ã ‚ããÊ¾ãã:

ÌãÓãÃ 2008-13 ªÀ½¾ãã¶ã BPL ‚ãâ¦ãØãÃ¦ã 16.09 Êãàã ½ãñ. ›¶ã (Ìãã›¹ã ‡ãñŠÊ¾ãã¹ãõ‡ãŠãè 16.05 ›‡ã‹‡ãñŠ)

¦ããâªîß ‚ãããä¥ã ØãÖî ‚ãããä¥ã AAY ‚ãâ¦ãØãÃ¦ã 5.01 Êãàã ½ãñ.›¶ã (Ìãã›¹ã ‡ãñŠÊ¾ãã¹ãõ‡ãŠãè 9.86 ›‡ã‹‡ãñŠ)

¦ããâªîß ‚ãããä¥ã ØãÖî ¾ããÞãñ Ìãã›¹ã Öãñ…¶ãÖãè „ÞãÊã ¶ã ‡ãñŠÊ¾ãã½ãìßñ Àªáªºããºã¦ã ¢ããÊãñ

Öãñ¦ãñ (·ããä½ãäÍãÓ› 2.2.3).

11 ÞããÞã¥ããè ¦ã¹ããÔã¥ããè Üã›‡ãŠãâ½ã£¾ãñ, BPL ‚ãâ¦ãØãÃ¦ã 9.24 Êãàã ½ãñ ›¶ã (Ìãã›¹ã ‡ãñŠÊ¾ãã¹ãõ‡ãŠãè

12.76 ›‡ã‹‡ãñŠ) ¦ããâªîß ‚ãããä¥ã ØãÖî ‚ãããä¥ã AAY ‚ãâ¦ãØãÃ¦ã 4.62 Êãàã ½ãñ.›¶ã (Ìãã›¹ã ‡ãñŠÊ¾ãã¹ãõ‡ãŠãè

10.84 ›‡ã‹‡ãñŠ) ¦ããâªîß ‚ãããä¥ã ØãÖî ¾ããâÞãñ Ìãã›¹ã Öãñ…¶ãÖãè „ÞãÊã ¶ã ‡ãñŠÊ¾ãã½ãìßñ Àªáªºããºã¦ã ¢ããÊãñ

Öãñ¦ãñ (·ããä½ãäÍãÓ› 2.2.4). ¹ããäÀ¥ãã½ã¦ã: ‚ã¸ã£ãã¶¾ããÞ¾ãã Êãã¼ãã¹ããÔãî¶ã Êãã¼ãã©ããê ¦¾ãã ¹ãÆ½ãã¥ãã¦ã

ÌãâãäÞã¦ã ÀããäÖÊãñ.


47

ÍããÔã¶ãã¶ãñ ‚ã¸ã£ãã¶¾ã ¶ã „ÞãÊã¥ãñ/‡ãŠ½ããè „ÞãÊã¥ãñ ¾ããâÔããŸãè ‡ãŠã½ãØããÀ ãäÌãÓã¾ã‡ãŠ Ôã½ãÔ¾ãã, FCI

Øããñªã½ããâÞ¾ãã ¹ãŠß¿ãã ãäÀ‡ãŠã½¾ãã ¶ãÔã¥ñã, Ôãì›¿ããâÞ¾ãã ªÀ½¾ãã¶ã „ÞãÊã ¶ã Öãñ¥ãñ, FCI Øããñªã½ããâ½ã£¾ãñ £ãã¶¾ã

„¹ãÊãº£ã ¶ãÔã¥ãñ ‚ãããä¥ã FCI ‡ãŠ½ãÃÞãã-¾ããâÞãã ‚ãÔãÖ‡ãŠãÀ ‡ãŠãÀ¥ããè¼ãî¦ã ‚ãÔãÊ¾ããÞãñ ÔããâãäØã¦ãÊãñ. ÍããÔã¶ãã¶ãñ

¹ãì¤ñ ‚ãÔãñÖãè ÔããâãäØã¦ãÊãñ ‡ãŠãè, ¾ãã ¹ãÆÍ¶ããÌãÀ ¦ããñ¡Øãã ‡ãŠã¤¥¾ããÔããŸãè FCI Íããè ÞãÞããÃ ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ããÞãñ ¹ãÆ¾ã¦¶ã

‡ãñŠÊãñ •ãã¦ã ‚ããÖñ¦ã.

2.2.10.3 ŒãìÊ»ãã ¸ãã•ãã½ã¦ãîµã ¦ããâªìß Œã½ñªãèÌã½ ¢ããÊãñÊãã ›ãß¦ãã»ãñ¥»ãã•ããñØãã •ããÔ¦ããèÞãã

ŒãÞãÀ

•ããèÌã¶ããÌãÍ¾ã‡ãŠ ÌãÔ¦ãîâÞ¾ãã ¢ããÊãñÊ¾ãã ¼ããÌãÌãã¤ãè¹ããÔãî¶ã ©ããñ¡ã ãäªÊããÔãã ãä½ãßãÌãã ¾ããÔããŸãè ½ãÖãÀãÓ›È

ÍããÔã¶ãã¶ãñ ¹ãÆ¦¾ãñ‡ãŠ APL Êãã¼ãã©¾ããÃÊãã (‡ãñŠÍãÀãè ãäÍã£ãã¹ããä¨ã‡ãŠã £ããÀ‡ãŠ) ªÀ½ãÖã ¹ããÞã ãä‡ãŠÊããñ ¦ããâªîß ¦ããè¶ã

½ããäÖ¶¾ããÔããŸãè ÔÌãÔ¦ã ªÀã¶ãñ ªñ¥¾ããÞãñ ŸÀãäÌãÊãñ (•ãî¶ã 2008 ).¾ãã ãä¶ã¥ãÃ¾ãã¶ãìÔããÀ, Ö¿ãã ¾ããñ•ã¶ãñÞããè

ÔãìÁÌãã¦ã •ãìÊãõ 2008 ¹ããÔãî¶ã ÌÖã¾ãÊãã ÖÌããè Öãñ¦ããè ‚ãããä¥ã ãä¦ãÞããè ‚ãâ½ãÊãºã•ããÌã¥ããè ½ãÖãÀãÓ›È Àã•¾ã

ÔãÖ‡ãŠãÀ ¹ã¥ã¶ã ½ãÖãÔãâÜã ½ã¾ããÃªãè¦ã (¹ã¥ã¶ã ½ãÖãÔãâÜã) ´ãÀñ ‡ãŠÀã¾ãÞããè Öãñ¦ããè. ¹ã¥ã¶ã ½ãÖãÔãâÜãã‡ãŠ¡î¶ã

` 16,816 ¹ãÆãä¦ã ½ãñ ›¶ã ¾ãã ªÀã¶ãñ ¦ããâªîßãÞãñ ¹ãÆã¹ã¥ã ‡ãŠÀã¾ãÞãñ Öãñ¦ãñ, •¾ããâ¶ããè ÍããÔã‡ãŠãè¾ã Øããñªã½ãã¦ã ¦ãñ

£ãã¶¾ã ¹ããñÖãñÞãÌã¥ãñ ‚ã¹ãñãäàã¦ã Öãñ¦ãñ. ãä•ãÊÖ¿ããâÞ¾ãã ½ããØã¥¾ãã ãäÌãÞããÀã¦ã Üãñ…¶ã ¹ã¥ã¶ã ½ãÖãÔãâÜãã‡ãŠ¡ñ

70,000 ½ãñ. ›¶ããÞãã ¹ãìÀÌãŸã ‚ããªñÍã ãäªÊãã ØãñÊãã Öãñ¦ãã ¦¾ãã¶ãâ¦ãÀ 43,103 ½ãñ. ›¶ã (‚ããùØãÔ› 2008)

‚ãããä¥ã 5,568 ½ãñ ›¶ã (Ôã¹›òºãÀ 2008) ¾ããÔããŸãè ‚ããªñÍã ãäªÊãñ ØãñÊãññ. ½ããØã¥ããè ‡ãñŠÊãñÊ¾ãã †‡ãîŠ¥ã

1.19 Êãàã ½ãñ ›¶ã

37

£ãã¶¾ãã¹ãõ‡ãŠãè ¹ã¥ã¶ã ½ãÖãÔãâÜãã¶ãñ ãä¡ÔãòºãÀ 2008 ¹ã¾ãÄ¦ã ¹ãŠ‡ã‹¦ã 66,994 ½ãñ. ›¶ã

£ãã¶¾ããÞãã ¹ãìÀÌãŸã ‡ãñŠÊãã Öãñ¦ãã. ÊãñŒãã¹ãÀãèàãñÊãã ŒããÊããèÊã ØããñÓ›ãè ‚ãã¤ßî¶ã ‚ããÊ¾ãã :

ÌãÓãÃ 2008-09 ªÀ½¾ãã¶ã ‡ãòŠ³ ÍããÔã¶ãã¶ãñ Ìãã›¹ã ‡ãñŠÊãñÊ¾ãã 51,287 ½ãñ. ›¶ã ¦ããâªßã¹ãõ‡ãŠãè ¹ãŠ‡ã‹¦ã

36,785 ½ãñ ›¶ã (72 ›‡ã‹‡ãñŠ) ¦ããâªîßãÞããè „ÞãÊã ‡ãñŠÊããè Öãñ¦ããè. ‡ãòŠ³ ÍããÔã¶ãã¶ãñ Ìãã›¹ã ‡ãñŠÊãñÊ¾ãã

¦ããâªîßãÞããè ¹ãî¥ãÃ „ÞãÊã ¶ã ‡ãŠÀ¦ãã ¹ã¥ã¶ã ½ãÖãÔãâÜãã‡ãŠ¡î¶ã ¦ããâªîßãÞããè ŒãÀñªãè ‡ãñŠÊ¾ãã½ãìßñ ¹ã¥ã¶ã

½ãÖãÔãâÜãã‡ãŠ¡î¶ã •ãÌãß•ãÌãß 14,502 ½ãñ. ›¶ã ¦ããâªîß Ìãã¤ãèÌã ãä‡ãâŠ½ã¦ããèÔã ŒãÀñªãè ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ãã¦ã ‚ããÊãã

•¾ãã½ãìßñ ` 10.91

38

‡ãŠãñ›ãéÞãã ›ãß¦ãã¾ãñ¥¾ãã•ããñØãã •ããÔ¦ããèÞãã ŒãÞãÃ ¢ããÊãã.

¹ã¥ã¶ã ½ãÖã½ãâ¡ßã‡ãŠ¡ñ ‡ãñŠÊãñÊ¾ãã 1.19 Êãàã ½ãñ. ›¶ã ‚ã¸ã£ãã¶¾ããÞ¾ãã ½ããØã¥ããè¹ãõ‡ãŠãè ¹ã¥ã¶ã

½ãÖã½ãâ¡ßã¶ãñ ¹ãŠ‡ã‹¦ã ` 0.96 Êãàã ½ãò ›¶ã ‚ã¸ã£ãã¶¾ããÞãã ¹ãìÀÌãŸã ‡ãñŠÊãã Öãñ¦ãã •¾ãã½ãìßñ

½ãÖãØããƒÃ¹ããÔãî¶ã APL ãäÍã£ãã¹ããä¨ã‡ãŠã £ããÀ‡ãŠãâ¶ãã ãäªÊããÔãã ªñ¥¾ããÞãã „ªáªñÍã ¹ãî¥ãÃ Öãñ… Íã‡ãŠÊãã

¶ããÖãè.

ÍããÔã¶ãã¶ãñ ‚ãÔãñ ¶ã½ãîª ‡ãñŠÊãñ (¶ããñÌÖòºãÀ 2013) ‡ãŠãè, 2008-09 ¹ãîÌããê ‡ãòŠ³ ÍããÔã¶ãã¶ãñ ¦ããâªîßãÞãñ ‚ã¦¾ãÊ¹ã

Ìãã›¹ã ‡ãñŠÊ¾ãã½ãìßñ ‡ãòŠ³ ÍããÔã¶ããÊãã •ããÔ¦ã ¦ããâªîß ¹ãìÀãäÌã¥¾ããÞããè ãäÌã¶ãâ¦ããè ‡ãñŠÊããè Öãñ¦ããè, •ããè ¹ãî¥ãÃ

‡ãŠÀ¥¾ãã¦ã ‚ããÊããè ¶ãÌÖ¦ããè. ½Ö¥ãî¶ã ½ãÖãÀãÓ›È ÍããÔã¶ãã¶ãñ APL ãäÍã£ãã¹ããä¨ã‡ãŠã £ããÀ‡ãŠãâÔããŸãè ¹ã¥ã¶ã

½ãÖãÔãâÜãã‡ãŠ¡î¶ã •ããÔ¦ããèÞãñ ¦ããâªîß Üãñ¥¾ããÞãñ ŸÀãäÌãÊãñ. Öñ „¦¦ãÀ ÔÌããè‡ãŠãÀ¥ããè¾ã ¶ããÖãè ‡ãŠãÀ¥ã, ¹ã¥ã¶ã

½ãÖãÔãâÜãã‡ãŠ¡î¶ã Ìãã¤ãèÌã ªÀã¶ãñ ¦ããâªîßãÞããè ½ããØã¥ããè ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ãã¹ãîÌããê 2008-09 ¾ãã ÌãÓããÃÔããŸãè APL

37

30 Ôã¹›òºãÀ 2008 ¹ã¾ãÄ¦ã 70,000 ½ãñû ›¶ã, 30 ãä¡ÔãòºãÀ 2008 ¹ã¾ãÄ¦ã 43,103 ½ãñû ›¶ã ‚ãããä¥ã 10 •ãã¶ãñÌããÀãè 2009 ¹ã¾ãÄ¦ã 5,568 ½ãñû ›¶ã

38 ¹ã¥ã¶ã ½ãÖã½ãâ¡ãßã‡ãŠ¡î¶ã ¹ãÆã¹ã¥ã ªÀ ` 16,816 ¹ãÆãä¦ã ½ãñû ›¶ã Ìã•ãã ‡ãŠñâªÆ ÍããÔã¶ãã‡ãŠ¡ãèÊã CIP-APL ¦ããâªîß ` 9,296 ¹ãÆãä¦ã ½ãñû ›¶ã

(•¾ãã¦ã 12 ›‡ã‹‡ãñŠ Öã¦ããß¥ããè ‚ãããä¥ã ¹ãÆÍããÔã‡ãŠãè¾ã ŒãÞãÃ Ôããä½½ãÊããè¦ã ‚ããÖñ) = ` 7,520 ¹ãÆãä¦ã ½ãñû ›¶ã * 14,502 ½ãñû ›¶ã = ` 10.91 ‡ãŠãñ›ãè


48

Êãã¼ãã©¾ããÄ‡ãŠÀãè¦ãã ÀãŒããèÌã ŸñÌãÊãñÊ¾ãã 51,287 ½ãñ.›¶ã ¦ããâªîßãÞ¾ãã Ôãâ¹ãî¥ãÃ ÔããŸ¿ããÞããè FCI ‡ãŠ¡î¶ã „ÞãÊã

‡ãŠÀ¥¾ãã¦ã ‚ããÊããè ¶ãÌÖ¦ããè.

2.2.10.4 ‚ã¶ã£ããµ»ããÞ»ãã Øãì¥ãÌã¦¦ãñÞããè ¦ã·ããÔã¥ããè µã ‡ãŠ½¥ãñ

‚ã¸ã£ãã¶¾ããÞ¾ãã ãäÌããäÖ¦ã Øãì¥ãÌã¦¦ãñÞ¾ãã Ôãìãä¶ããäÍÞã¦ã¦ãñÔããŸãè, PDS (ãä¶ã¾ãâ¨ã¥ã) ‚ããªñÍã, 2001 ½ã£ããèÊã

‚ã›ãé¶ãìÔããÀ FCI Êãã ‚ã¸ã£ãã¶¾ããÞ¾ãã ãä‡ãŠâ½ã¦ããèÞãñ ¹ãÆªã¶ã ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ãã‚ãã£ããè Àã•¾ã ÍããÔã¶ããÞãã ¹ãÆãä¦ããä¶ã£ããè

ãä‡ãâŠÌãã ¦¾ããâ¶ããè ¶ãã½ããä¶ãªóãäÍã¦ã ‡ãñŠÊãñÊããè Ì¾ããä‡ã‹¦ã ‚ãããä¥ã FCI ¾ããâ¶ããè Ôãâ¾ãì‡ã‹¦ããäÀ¦¾ãã ‚ã¸ã£ãã¶¾ããÞ¾ãã

ÔããŸ¿ããÞããè ¦ã¹ããÔã¥ããè ‡ãŠÀãÌããè. PDS (ãä¶ã¾ãâ¨ã¥ã) ‚ããªñÍã, 2001 ½ã£ãñ ¹ãì¤ñ ‚ãÍããèÖãè ¦ãÀ¦ãîª ‚ããÖñ ‡ãŠãè,

FCI ¶ãñ ÔããŸ¿ãã¶ãìÔããÀ ‚ã¸ã£ãã¶¾ããÞãñ ºãâª ¶ã½ãî¶ãñ Àã•¾ã ÍããÔã¶ããÔã ¹ããŸÌããÌãñ. ÊãñŒãã¹ãÀãèàãñÊãã ‚ãÔãñ

‚ãã¤ßî¶ã ‚ããÊãñ ‡ãŠãè ÞããÞã¥ããè ¦ã¹ããÔã¥ããè ‡ãñŠÊãñÊ¾ãã Üã›‡ãŠãâ¹ãõ‡ãŠãè ãäÍã£ãã ãä¶ã¾ãâ¨ã‡ãŠ, ½ãìâºãƒÃ Ì¾ããä¦ããäÀ‡ã‹¦ã

‡ãìŠŸÊ¾ããÖãè ‡ãŠã¾ããÃÊã¾ããÞããè Ôãâ¾ãì‡ã‹¦ã ¦ã¹ããÔã¥ããè ‡ãñŠÊããè ¶ãÌÖ¦ããè. ¦ãÔãñÞã, ÞããÞã¥ããè ¦ã¹ããÔã¥ããè ‡ãñŠÊãñÊ¾ãã

†‡ãŠãÖãè ‡ãŠã¾ããÃÊã¾ããâ¦ã ãäÌã¼ããØããÊãã ‚ã¸ã£ãã¶¾ããÞ¾ãã ÔããŸ¿ããÞãñ À‡ãŠã¶ãã-ãä¶ãÖã¾ã ºãâª ¶ã½ãì¶ãñ ªñŒããèÊã ¹ãÆã¹¦ã

¢ããÊãñ ¶ãÌÖ¦ãñ.PDS (ãä¶ã¾ãâ¨ã¥ã) ‚ããªñÍã, 2001 ½ã£¾ãñ ãäÌããäÖ¦ã ‡ãñŠÊãñÊ¾ãã Øãì¥ãÌã¦¦ãã ÞããÞã¥¾ããâÞãñ ¶ã

¢ããÊãñÊãñ ¹ããÊã¶ã Êãàãã¦ã Üãñ¦ãã, TPDS ‚ãâ¦ãØãÃ¦ã ãä¶ã£ããÃãäÀ¦ã Øãì¥ãÌã¦¦ãñÞãñ £ãã¶¾ã ãäÌã¦ãÀãè¦ã ‡ãñŠÊãñ •ãã¦ã Öãñ¦ãñ

¾ããÞããè ‡ãŠãÖãèÖãè Œãã¨ããè ªñ¦ãã ¾ãñ¦ã ¶ãÌÖ¦ããè.

ÍããÔã¶ãã¶ãñ ¶ã½ãîª ‡ãŠñÊãñ ‡ãŠãè (¶ããñÌÖòºãÀ 2013) ãä•ãÊÖã ‡ãŠ½ãÃÞããÀãè ‚ã¸ã£ãã¶¾ããÞããè Ôãâ¾ãì‡ã‹¦ã ¦ã¹ããÔã¥ããè

‡ãŠñÊ¾ããÌãÀ £ãã¶¾ããÞããè „ÞãÊã ‡ãŠÀ¦ãã¦ã. ¦ã©ãããä¹ã, ÊãñŒãã¹ããäÀàãñÊãã Ôãâ¾ãì‡ã‹¦ã ¦ã¹ããÔã¥ããè Üãñ¦ãÊãã è ØãñÊ¾ããÞãñ

ãäÔã£ª ‡ãŠÀ¥ããÀñ ‡ãìŠŸÊãñÖãè ªÔ¦ã†ñÌã•ã „¹ãÊãº£ã ‡ãŠÁ¶ã ãäªÊãñ ¶ãÌÖ¦ãñ. ¦ãÔãñÞã, FCI ‡ãŠ¡î¶ã ÔããŸ¿ãã¶ãìÔããÀ

ºãâª ¶ã½ãî¶ãñ ¶ã ãä½ãß¥¾ããÞ¾ãã ‚ããàãñ¹ããÞããè „¦¦ãÀã¦ã ‡ãŠãñ¥ã¦ããèÖãè ªŒãÊã Üãñ¦ãÊããè ØãñÊããè ¶ãÌÖ¦ããè.

2.2.11 ÔããŒã½ñÞãñ Ìãã›·ã ‚ãããä¥ã ãäÌã¦ãÀ¥ã

‡ãòŠ³ ÍããÔã¶ã ½ãÖãÀãÓ›È ÍããÔã¶ããÊãã TPDS ‚ãâ¦ãØãÃ¦ã ãäÌã¦ãÀ¥ããÔããŸãè ÔããŒãÀñÞãñ Ìãã›¹ã ‡ãŠÀ¦ãñ.

ãä•ãÊÖããä£ã‡ãŠã-¾ããâ¶ããè ãä¶ã¾ãì‡ã‹¦ã ‡ãñŠÊãñÊãñ ÔããŒãÀ ¶ãã½ããä¶ãªóãäÍã¦ã ÔãªÔ¾ã ‡ãòŠ³ ÍããÔã¶ãã¶ãñ ¶ãããä½ã¦ã ‡ãñŠÊãñÊ¾ãã

ÔããŒãÀ ‡ãŠãÀŒãã¶¾ãã¦ãî¶ã ‡ãòŠ³ ÍããÔã¶ãã¶ãñ ŸÀÌãî¶ã ãäªÊãñÊ¾ãã ãä‡ãâŠ½ã¦ããè¦ã ÊãñÌÖãè ÔããŒãÀñÞããè

39

„ÞãÊã

‡ãŠÀ¦ãã¦ã ‚ãããä¥ã FPS ´ãÀñ BPL ‚ãããä¥ã AAY ãäÍã£ãã¹ããä¨ã‡ãŠã £ããÀ‡ãŠãÔã Ìãã›¹ã ‡ãŠÀ¦ãã¦ã.

ÔããŒãÀñÞ¾ãã Ìãã›¹ã ‚ãããä¥ã ãäÌã¦ãÀ¥ããÔãâºãâ£ããèÞ¾ãã ªÔ¦ã†ñÌã•ããâÞ¾ãã ¦ã¹ããÔã¥ããè¦ã ‚ãÔãñ ‚ãã¤ßî¶ã ‚ããÖñ ‡ãŠãè

ÌãÓãÃ 2008-13 ªÀ½¾ãã¶ã Ìãã›¹ã ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ãã¦ã ‚ããÊãñÊ¾ãã 12.98 Êãàã ½ãñ. ›¶ã ÔããŒãÀñ†ñÌã•ããè ¹ãŠ‡ã‹¦ã

8.75 Êãàã ½ãñ. ›¶ã ÔããŒãÀñÞããè „ÞãÊã ¢ããÊããè Öãñ¦ããè, 4.23 Êãàã ½ãñ. ›¶ã ÔããŒãÀñÞããè ‡ãŠ½ããè „ÞãÊã ¢ããÊããè

Öãñ¦ããè (32.59 ›‡ã‹‡ãñŠ). ãäÌã¼ããØããè¾ã ‚ããä£ã‡ãŠã-¾ããâºãÀãñºãÀ ÊãñŒãã¹ãÀãèàãñ¶ãñ ‡ãñŠÊãñÊ¾ãã Êãã¼ãã©¾ããâÄÞ¾ãã

Ôãâ¾ãì‡ã‹¦ã ÔãÌãóàã¥ãã¦ã 10 ›‡ã‹‡ãñŠ BPL Êãã¼ãã©¾ããÄ¶ããè ÔããŒãÀñÞãã ‡ãŠ½ããè ¹ãìÀÌãŸã/¹ãìÀÌãŸã Öãñ¦ã ¶ãÔã¥¾ããÞããè

¦ã‰ãŠãÀ ‡ãñŠÊããè Öãñ¦ããè. ¦ãÔãñÞã, ãäÌã¼ããØã ‚ãããä¥ã ÞããÞã¥ããè ¦ã¹ããÔã¥ããè ‡ãñŠÊãñÊ¾ãã ‡ãŠã¾ããÃÊã¾ããâ¶ããè ãäªÊãñÊ¾ãã

½ãããäÖ¦ããèÌãÁ¶ã, ÌãÓãÃ 2008-13 ªÀ½¾ãã¶ã BPL ÔããŒãÀñÞ¾ãã ‚ãããä¥ã ÌãÓãÃ 2009-10 ‚ãããä¥ã 2010-11

ªÀ½¾ãã¶ã APL

40

ÔããŒãÀñÞ¾ãã Ìãã›¹ã ‚ãããä¥ã „ÞãÊã ¾ãã¦ã ¦ã¹ãŠãÌã¦ããè ‚ãã¤ßî¶ã ‚ããÊ¾ãã •ãñ ·ããä½ãäÍãÓ›

2.2.5 ‚ãããä¥ã 2.2.6 ½ã£¾ãñ ªãŒããäÌãÊãñ ‚ãÔãî¶ã ŒããÊããè ¦ã‡ã‹¦ãã 3 ½ã£¾ãñ ÔããÀãâÍã ãäªÊãã ‚ããÖñ.

39ÔããŒãÀ ‡ãŠãÀŒãã¶¾ãã¦ã „¦¹ããª¶ã Öãñ¥ãã-¾ãã †‡ãŠî¥ã ÔããŒãÀñ¹ãõ‡ãŠãè 10 ›‡ã‹‡ãñŠ ÔããŒãÀ ÊãñÌÖãè ÔããŒãÀ ½Ö¥ãî¶ã TPDS ‚ãâ¦ãØãÃ¦ã ãäÌã¦ãÀãè¦ã

‡ãŠÀ¥¾ããÔããŸãè ÀãŒããèÌã ŸñÌã¥¾ãã¦ã ¾ãñ¦ãñ

40APL ãäÍã£ãã¹ã¨ã‡ãŠ £ããÀ‡ãŠãâ¶ãã ¹ãŠ‡ã‹¦ã 2009-10 ‚ãããä¥ã 2010-11 ½ã£¾ãñ ÔããŒãÀñÞãñ Ìãã›¹ã ¢ããÊãñ Öãñ¦ãñ


49

¦ã‡ã‹¦ãã-3 : ÔããŒã½ñÞãñ Ìãã›·ã ‚ãããä¥ã „ÞãÊã »ãã¦ããèÊã ¦ã·ãŠãÌã¦ããè

(ãä‡ã‹Ìãâ›Êã ºã£»ãñ)

ãäÍã£ãã·ããä¨ã‡ãŠã

£ãã½‡ãŠãâÞããè

ÌãØãÃÌããÀãè

ÞããÞã¥ããè ¦ã¹ããÔã¥ããè ‡ãŠã»ããÀÊã»ããâ‡ãŠ¡îµã

·ãì½ãäÌã¥»ãã¦ã ‚ããÊãñÊ»ãã ‚ãã‡ãŠ¡ñÌãã½ãè·ãñàãã

ãäÌã¹ããØããÞããè ‡ãŠºããè ‚ãÔãÊãñÊããè ‚ãã‡ãŠ¡ñÌãã½ãè

ÞããÞã¥ããè ¦ã·ããÔã¥ããè ‡ãŠã»ããÀÊã»ããâ‡ãŠ¡îµã

·ãì½ãäÌã¥»ãã¦ã ‚ããÊãñÊ»ãã ‚ãã‡ãŠ¡ñÌãã½ãè·ãñàãã

ãäÌã¹ããØããÞããè •ããÔ¦ã ‚ãÔãÊãñÊããè ‚ãã‡ãŠ¡ñÌãã½ãè

Ìãã›·ã „ÞãÊã Ìãã›·ã „ÞãÊã

BPL 94479 133056 201786 125642

APL 434808 358435 552439 503858

(Ô¨ããñ¦ã: ãäÌã¼ããØãã‡ãŠ¡î¶ã ‚ãããä¥ã ãä¶ãÌã¡‡ãŠ ‡ãŠã¾ããÃÊã¾ããâ‡ãŠ¡î¶ã ÔããªÀ ‡ãñŠÊãñÊããè ½ãããäÖ¦ããè)

ÞããÞã¥ããè ¦ã¹ããÔã¥ããè ‡ãñŠÊãñÊ¾ãã ‡ãŠã¾ããÃÊã¾ããâ½ã£ããèÊã ‚ãããä¥ã ãäÌã¼ããØãã½ã£ããèÊã ÔããŒãÀ Ìãã›¹ã ‚ãããä¥ã „ÞãÊã

¾ãã¦ããèÊã ¦ã¹ãŠãÌã¦ããè Ûãã ¾ããñØ¾ã Ôãâãä¶ã¾ãâ¨ã¥ããÞãã ‚ã¼ããÌã ªÍãÃãäÌã¦ãñ ‚ãããä¥ã ÔããŒãÀñÊãã ‚ã¾ããñØ¾ã ãäŸ‡ãŠã¥ããè

ÌãßãäÌã¥¾ãã¦ã ‚ããÊ¾ããÞããè Íã‡ã‹¾ã¦ãã ¶ãã‡ãŠãÀ¦ãã ¾ãñ¦ã ¶ããÖãè.

ÍããÔã¶ãã¶ãñ ÔããŒãÀñÞããè ‡ãŠ½ããè „ÞãÊã ‡ãñŠÊ¾ããÞãã Ôãâºãâ£ã (¶ããñÌÖñâºãÀ 2013) ÔããŒãÀ ‡ãŠãÀŒãã¶¾ãã¦ã ÔããŒãÀñÞããè

„¹ãÊãº£ã¦ãã ¶ãÔã¥ãñ, ÔããŒãÀ ‡ãŠãÀŒãã¶¾ããâ‡ãŠ¡î¶ã ÔããŒãÀ ¹ãìÀÌãŸã ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ããÔã ¶ã‡ãŠãÀ, ÔããŒãÀ

¶ãã½ããä¶ãªóÍããè¦ã ÔãªÔ¾ããâ¶ããè ÔããŒãÀñÞããè „ÞãÊã ¶ã ‡ãŠÀ¥ãñ ƒ¦¾ããªãéÍããè •ããñ¡Êãã. ÍããÔã¶ãã¶ãñ ¹ãì¤ñ ‚ãÔãñÖãè

ÔããâãäØã¦ãÊãñ ‡ãŠãè, Ôãâºãâãä£ã¦ã ãä•ãÊÖããä£ã‡ãŠã-¾ããâ¶ãã ‡ãŠÔãîÀªãÀ ÔããŒãÀ ‡ãŠãÀŒãã¶¾ããâãäÌãÁ£ª ªãÌãã ªãŒãÊã

‡ãŠÀ¥¾ããÞããè ‚ãããä¥ã Ö¿ãã ÔããŒãÀ ¶ãã½ããä¶ãªóãäÍã¦ããâÞãñ ¹ãÀÌãã¶ãñ Àªáª ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ããÞããèè ¦ãÔãñÞã ÔãìÀàãã ŸñÌããè •ã¹¦ã

‡ãŠÀ¥¾ããÔããŸãè ¶ããñ›ãèÔã •ããÀãè ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ããÞããè ¹ãÀÌãã¶ãØããè ãäªÊããè ‚ããÖñ.

2.2.11.1 ÔããŒã½ Ôã¸ããäÔã¡ãèÞ»ãã ãäÌãÊãâãä¸ã¦ã ·ãÃãä¦ã·ãî¦ããêºãìßñ ãäµã£ããèÞããè ¢ããÊãñÊããè ‚ã¡Ìã¥ãî‡ãŠ

ÔããŒãÀ ¶ãã½ããä¶ãªóÍã‡ãŠ •¾ãã ãä‡ãâŠ½ã¦ããèÊãã FPS Êãã ÔããŒãÀ ãäÌã‡ãŠ¦ãã¦ã ¦ããè ãä‡ãâŠ½ã¦ã ‚ãããä¥ã FPS •¾ãã

ãä‡ãâŠ½ã¦ããèÊãã ÔããŒãÀ ãäÍã£ãã¹ã¨ã‡ãŠ £ããÀ‡ãŠãâ¶ãã Ìãã›¹ã ‡ãŠÀ¦ãã¦ã ¦ããè ãä‡ãâŠ½ã¦ã ‡ãòŠ³ ÍããÔã¶ãã‡ãŠ¡î¶ã ŸÀãäÌãÊããè

•ãã¦ãñ. ÔããŒãÀñÞãã Öã¦ããß¥ããè Ìã ÌããÖ¦ãì‡ãŠãèÞãã ŒãÞãÃ Ìã ¶ã¹ãŠã ¾ããÞãã Ôã½ããÌãñÍã ‡ãŠÁ¶ã Øã¥ã¶ã ‡ãñŠÊãñÊ¾ãã

ÔããŒãÀ ¶ãã½ããä¶ãªóÍã‡ãŠãâÞ¾ãã ÔããŒãÀñÞ¾ãã ŒãÀñªãè ãä‡ãâŠ½ã¦ããè½ã£ãî¶ã FPS ‡ãŠ¡î¶ã ‡ãñŠÊãñÊ¾ãã ãäÌããä‰ãŠÞããè ãä‡ãâŠ½ã¦ã

Ìã•ãã ‡ãñŠÊ¾ããÌãÀ ¾ãñ¥ããÀãè À‡ã‹‡ãŠ½ã ÔãºããäÔã¡ãè ½Ö¥ãî¶ã ÔããŒãÀ ¶ãã½ããä¶ãªóÍã‡ãŠ ãäÌã¼ããØãã‡ãŠ¡ñ ½ããØã¥ããè

‡ãŠÀ¦ãã¦ã.¦¾ãã ºãªÊ¾ãã¦ã ÔããŒãÀ ¶ãã½ããä¶ãªóÍã‡ãŠãâ¶ãã ¹ãÆªã¶ã ‡ãñŠÊãñÊ¾ãã À‡ã‹‡ãŠ½ãñÞããè ¹ãÆãä¦ã¹ãî¦ããê

ãä½ãß¥¾ããÔããŸãè ãäÌã¼ããØã ‡ãòŠ³ ÍããÔã¶ãã‡ãŠ¡ñ (FCI) ½ããØã¥ããè ‡ãŠÀ¦ããñ.

ÔããŒãÀ ÔãºããäÔã¡ãèÔãâºãâ£ããèÞ¾ãã ªÔ¦ã†ñÌã•ããâÞããè ¦ã¹ããÔã¥ããè ‡ãñŠÊããè ‚ãÔã¦ãã ‚ãÔãñ ‚ãã¤ßî¶ã ‚ããÊãñ ‡ãŠãè,

À‡ã‹‡ãŠ½ãñÞããè 1979-80 ¦ãñ 2011-12 ¾ãã ‡ãŠãÊããÌã£ããè¦ã ãäÌã¼ããØãã¶ãñ ‡ãòŠ³ ÍããÔã¶ãã‡ãŠ¡ñ ‡ãñŠÊãñÊããè

` 73.68 ‡ãŠãñ›ãéÞããè ½ããØã¥ããè ¶ããñÌÖòºãÀ 2013 ¹ã¾ãÃâ¦ã ¹ãÆÊãâãäºã¦ã Öãñ¦ããè. ÊãñŒãã¹ãÀãèàãñÊãã ‚ãÔãñÖãè

‚ãã¤ßî¶ã ‚ããÊãñ ‡ãŠãè ÌãÓãÃ 2008-09 ¦ãñ 2011-12 ¹ã¾ãÃâ¦ãÞ¾ãã ‡ãŠãÊããÌã£ããèÞããè ½ããØã¥ããè ãäÌã¼ããØãã¶ãñ ‡ãòŠ³

ÍããÔã¶ãã‡ãŠ¡ñ Ôãâºãâãä£ã¦ã ãäÌã¦¦ããè¾ã ÌãÓãÃ Ôãâ¹ãÊ¾ãã¶ãâ¦ãÀ ÔãÖã ½ããäÖ¶ãñ ¦ãñ †‡ãŠ ÌãÓããÃÞ¾ãã ‡ãŠãÊããÌã£ããè¶ãâ¦ãÀ ‡ãñŠÊããè

Öãñ¦ããè, ¦ãÀ ÌãÓãÃ 2012-13 ¾ãã ÌãÓããÃÞããè ½ããØã¥ããè ¶ããñÌÖòºãÀ 2013 ¹ã¾ãÃâ¦ã ÔããªÀ ‡ãñŠÊããè ¶ãÌÖ¦ããè.

ÍããÔã¶ãã¶ãñ ‚ãÔãñ ¶ã½ãîª ‡ãñŠÊãñ ‡ãŠãè (¶ããñÌÖòºãÀ 2013) ÔãÌãÃ ãä•ãÊÖ¿ããâÞãñ ½ãããäÔã‡ãŠ ÊãñŒãñ ¹ãÆã¹¦ã ¢ãããÊ¾ãã¶ãâ¦ãÀ

ÊãñÌÖãè ÔããŒãÀñÌãÀãèÊã ¹ãÆãä¦ã¹ãî¦ããêÞãñ ªãÌãñ ÔããªÀ ‡ãŠÀãÌãñ ‚ãããä¥ã ªãÌ¾ããâÞãñ ÔããªÀãè‡ãŠÀ¥ã ÊãÌã‡ãŠÀã¦ã ÊãÌã‡ãŠÀ

Öãñ¥¾ããÔããŸãè ¹ãã…Êãñ „ÞãÊãÊããè •ãã¦ããèÊã.


50

2.2.12 ½ãù‡ãñŠÊã ¦ãñÊããÞãñ Ìãã›·ã

‡ãòŠ³ ÍããÔã¶ããÞãñ ¹ãñ›ÈãñãäÊã¾ã½ã ‚ãããä¥ã ¶ãõÔããäØãÃ‡ãŠ Ìãã¾ãì ½ãâ¨ããÊã¾ã ¹ãÆ¦¾ãñ‡ãŠ Àã•¾ããÊãã ¦¾ããâÞ¾ãã ½ããØã¥ããèÞ¾ãã

‚ãã£ããÀãÌãÀ ‚ã¶ãìªã¶ããè¦ã ªÀã¶ãñ Àãù‡ãñŠÊã Ìãã›¹ã ‡ãŠÀ¦ãñ. ãä•ãÊÖ¿ããâÞ¾ãã ½ããØã¥ããèÞ¾ãã ‚ãã£ããÀãÌãÀ

ãä•ãÊÖ¿ããâ¶ãã Àã•¾ã Àãù‡ãñŠÊãÞãñ Ìãã›¹ã ‡ãŠÀ¦ãñ. Ìãã›¹ããÞ¾ãã ‚ãã£ããÀãÌãÀ ‡ãòŠ³ ÍããÔã¶ãã‡ãŠ¡î¶ã ãä¶ã¾ãì‡ã‹¦ã

‡ãñŠÊãñÊãñ Àãù‡ãñŠÊãÞãñ ãäÌã‰ãñŠ¦ãñ

41

‡ãòŠ³ ÍããÔã¶ããÞ¾ãã ¦ãñÊã ‡ãâŠ¹ã¶¾ããâÞ¾ãã ¦ãñÊã ¡ñ¹ããñ½ã£ãî¶ã Àãù‡ãñŠÊãÞããè „ÞãÊã

‡ãŠÀ¦ãã¦ã ‚ãããä¥ã FPS ¶ãã ãäÌã¦ãÀãè¦ã ‡ãŠÀ¦ãã¦ã. Àãù‡ãñŠÊãÞããè ¦¾ãã ¡ñ¹ããñ½ã£ããèÊã ãä‡ãâŠ½ã¦ã ‚ãããä¥ã ƒ¦ãÀ

¹ãÆãÔãâãäØã‡ãŠ ŒãÞãÃ •ãÔãñ ãäÌã‰ãñŠ¦¾ããÞããè/ FPS Þããè ªÊããÊããè, ¦ãã¹ã½ãã¶ã ¹ãŠÀ‡ãŠã½ãìßñ Àãù‡ãñŠÊã ‡ãŠ½ããè Öãñ¥ãñ ‚ãããä¥ã

Öã¦ããß¥ããè, ÌããÖ¦ãì‡ãŠ ŒãÞãÃ,›ãñÊã ‡ãŠÀ Ìã •ã‡ãŠã¦ã ƒ¦¾ããªãè ãäÌããäÌã£ã ‡ãŠãÀ¥ãñ Êãàãã¦ã Üãñ…¶ã ¹ãÆ¦¾ãñ‡ãŠ

ãä•ãÊÖã, ãäÍã£ãã¹ããä¨ã‡ãŠã £ããÀ‡ãŠãÔããŸãè ãäÌããä‰ãŠÞããè ãä‡ãâŠ½ã¦ã ãä¶ããäÍÞã¦ã ‡ãŠÀ¦ããñ.

ÌãÓãÃ 2008-13 ªÀ½¾ãã¶ã Àã•¾ãã¶ãñ Àãù‡ãñŠÊãÞããè ‡ãñŠÊãñÊããè ½ããØã¥ããè Ìã ‡ãòŠªÆ ÍããÔã¶ãã¶ãñ ‡ãñŠÊãñÊãñ Ìãã›¹ã ŒããÊããè

ªÍãÃãäÌãÊãñ ‚ããÖñ:

¦ã‡ã‹¦ãã 4: Àãù‡ãñŠÊãÞããè ¼ããØã¥ããè ‚ãããä¥ã Ìãã›¹ã

(ãä‡ãŠÊããñÊããè›½ ºã£»ãñ)

ÌãÓãÃ ½ããØã¥ããè Ìãã›·ã ‡ãŠºã¦ã½¦ãã ›‡ã‹‡ãñŠÌãã½ãè¦ã

2008-09 23,05,739 16,40,316 29

2009-10 23,05,739 16,40,412 29

2010-11 23,05,739 15,64,176 32

2011-12 22,75,907 12,58,872 45

2012-13 21,71,568 9,45,720 56

(Ô¨ããñ¦ã: ÊãñŒãã¹ãÀãèàãñ¶ãñ Ôãâ‡ãŠÊããè¦ã ‡ãñŠÊãñÊããè ‚ãããä¥ã ãäÌã¼ããØãã¶ãñ ÔããªÀ ‡ãñŠÊãñÊããè ½ãããäÖ¦ããè)

ÌãÓãÃ 2008-09 ¦ãñ 2012-13 ªÀ½¾ãã¶ã Àãù‡ãñŠÊãÞ¾ãã Ìãã›¹ããÞããè ‡ãŠ½ã¦ãÀ¦ãã Öãè 29 ¦ãñ 56 ›‡ã‹‡ãñŠ ªÀ½¾ãã¶ã

Öãñ¦ããè. ‡ãòŠ³ ÍããÔã¶ãã‡ãŠ¡î¶ã Àãù‡ãñŠÊãÞãñ ‡ãŠ½ããè Ìãã›¹ã ‚ãããä¥ã Àãù‡ãñŠÊãÞ¾ãã ½ãã¨ãñÞãñ ãäÌã¦ãÀ¥ã Öñ ¹ãÆ¦¾ãñ‡ãŠ

ãäÍã£ããÌãã›¹ã ¹ããä¨ã‡ãñŠ¦ã ãä‡ãŠ¦ããè Ì¾ããä‡ã‹¦ã ‚ããÖñ¦ã ‚ãããä¥ã ¦¾ããâÞ¾ãã‡ãŠ¡ñ ãä‡ãŠ¦ããè ØãùÔã ãäÔãÊãò¡À ‚ããÖñ¦ã Öñ

ãäÌãÞããÀã¦ã Üãñ…¶ã ‡ãñŠÊãñ •ãã¦ãñ ½Ö¥ãî¶ã ãäÍã£ããÌãã›¹ã ¹ããä¨ã‡ãñŠÞãñ ÌãñßãñÌãñßãè ¹ãì¶ããäÌãÃÊããñ‡ãŠ¶ã ‡ãŠÀ¥ãñ ØãÀ•ãñÞãñ

‚ããÖñ •ãñ¥ãñ‡ãŠÁ¶ã ‚ã¹ãã¨ã Êãã¼ãã©¾ããÄ¶ãã ‡ãŠã¤î¶ã ›ã‡ãŠ¦ãã ¾ãñƒÃÊã, •¾ãã½ãìßñ Àãù‡ãñŠÊãÞ¾ãã ¾ããñØ¾ã ãäÌã¦ãÀ¥ããÞããè

Ôãìãä¶ããäÍÞã¦ããè ÖãñƒÃÊã. ¹ãÀâ¦ãì ÌãÀãèÊã ¦ã‡ã‹¦¾ããÌãÁ¶ã ‚ãÔãñ ãäªÔãî¶ã ¾ãñ¦ãñ ‡ãŠãè ‚ãÔãñ ¹ãì¶ããäÌãÃÊããñ‡ãŠ¶ã ¢ããÊãñ

¶ãÌÖ¦ãñ ‡ãŠãÀ¥ã Àãù‡ãñŠÊãÔããŸãè ¹ããäÖÊ¾ãã ¦ããè¶ã ÌãÓãÃã¦ã (2008-09 ¦ãñ 2010-11) ½ããØã¥ããè 23.06 Êãàã

ãä‡ãŠÊããñ ãäÊã›À (KL) ƒ¦ã‡ãŠãè ãäÔ©ãÀ Öãñ¦ããè ‚ãããä¥ã 2011-12 ½ã£¾ãñ 22.76 Êãàã (KL) ¦ãÀ 2012-13 ½ã£¾ãñ

¦ããè 21.72 Êãàã KL ƒ¦ã‡ãŠãè ‡ãŠ½ããè ¢ããÊããè Öãñ¦ããè.

ÊãñŒãã¹ãÀãèàãñ¦ã ¹ãì¤ñ ‚ãÔãñÖãè ‚ãã¤ßî¶ã ‚ããÊãñ ‡ãŠãè, ãäÌã¼ããØãã¶ãñ ãä¶ã£ããÃãäÀ¦ã ‡ãñŠÊãñÊ¾ãã ½ããäÖ¦ããè¶ãìÔããÀ

Àã•¾ãã¦ã 42.79 Êãàã ‡ãìŠ›ìâºããâ‡ãŠ¡ñ ªãñ¶ã ØãùÔã ãäÔãÊãò¡ÔãÃ Öãñ¦ããè ¦ãÀ ¦ãñÊã ‡ãâŠ¹ã¶¾ããâÞ¾ãã ½ããäÖ¦ããè¶ãìÔããÀ

Àã•¾ãã¦ã 92.23 Êãàã ‡ãŠì›ìâºããâ‡ãŠ¡ñ ªãñ¶ã ØãùÔã ãäÔãÊãò¡ÔãÃ Öãñ¦ããè. ¦ãÔãñÞã, Àã•¾ãã¦ã 5.83 Êãàã ÜãÀãâ¶ãã

¹ããƒÃ¹ã ØãùÔãÞããè •ããñ¡¥ããè ãäªÊãñÊããè Öãñ¦ããè (½ãÖã¶ãØãÀ ØãùÔã ãäÊããä½ã›ñ¡Þ¾ãã ½ãããäÖ¦ããè¶ãìÔããÀ) (½ããÞãÃ 2013)

•ãñ, ãäÌã¼ããØãã¶ãñ ¹ãã¨ã Êãã¼ãã©¾ããÄÞããè ‚ããñßŒã ¹ã›ãäÌã¦ããâ¶ãã ãäÌãÞããÀã¦ã Üãñ¦ãÊãñ ¶ãÌÖ¦ãñ. ‚ãÍããÀãè¦ããè¶ãñ,

Àãù‡ãñŠÊãÞãã ¹ãìÀÌãŸã ‡ãŠÀ¦ããâ¶ãã ¹ãã¨ã Êãã¼ãã©¾ããÄÞããè ¾ããñØ¾ã ãä¶ã£ããÃÀ¥ãã ‡ãñŠÊããè ¶ãÌÖ¦ããè.

41Àãù‡ãñŠÊã ãäÌã‰ãñŠ¦ãñ Öñ Œãã•ãØããè Ì¾ããä‡ã‹¦ã ãä‡ãâŠÌãã ÔãÀ‡ãŠãÀãè ÔããñÔãã¾ã›ãè ‚ãÔã¦ãã¦ã


51

ÍããÔã¶ãã¶ãñ ‚ãÔãñ ¶ã½ãîª ‡ãñŠÊãñ (¶ããñÌÖòºãÀ 2013) ‡ãŠãè •ãñ Êãã¼ãã©ããê ãäÔãÊãò¡À£ããÀ‡ãŠ ‚ããÖñ¦ã ¦¾ããâÞ¾ãã

ãäÍã£ãã¹ããä¨ã‡ãñŠÌãÀ ‚ããùØãÔ› 2012 ¹ã¾ãÃâ¦ã ãäÍã‡ã‹‡ãŠã ½ããÀ¥¾ããÞãñ ãä¶ãªóÍã ½ãñ 2012 ½ã£¾ãñ ÔãÌãÃ ãä•ãÊÖ¿ããâ¶ãã

ãäªÊãñ ‚ããÖñ¦ã. ¦¾ãã¶ãâ¦ãÀÞã ØãùÔã ãäÔãÊãò¡À£ããÀ‡ãŠ Êãã¼ãã©¾ããÄÞããè ¶ã‡ã‹‡ãŠãè ÔãâŒ¾ãã ãä½ãßî Íã‡ãñŠÊã. ¦ã©ãããä¹ã,

¶ããñÌÖòºãÀ 2013 ¹ã¾ãÃâ¦ã ãäÍã£ãã¹ããä̈ ã‡ãŠãâÌãÀ ãäÍã‡ã‹‡ãñŠ ½ããÁ¶ã ¹ãî¥ãÃ ¢ããÊãñ ¶ãÌÖ¦ãñ Öãè ÌãÔ¦ãìãäÔ©ã¦ããè ‡ãŠã¾ã½ã

ÀãÖ¦ãñ •¾ãã½ãìßñ Àãù‡ãñŠÊãÞ¾ãã Ìãã›¹ããÔããŸãè ‚ã¹ãã¨ã Êãã¼ãã©¾ããÄ¶ãã ‡ãŠã¤î¶ã ›ã‡ãŠ¥¾ãã¦ã ãäÌãÊãâºã ¢ããÊãã.

‚ãÔãñÖãè ‚ãã¤ßî¶ã ‚ããÊãñ ‡ãŠãè ãäÌã¼ããØãã‡ãŠ¡î¶ã ãä•ãÊÖ¿ããâ¶ãã ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ãã¦ã ‚ããÊãñÊãñ Ìãã›¹ã Öñ ãä•ãÊÖ¿ããâÞ¾ãã

½ããØã¥ããèÍããè ÔãìÔãâØã¦ã ¶ãÌÖ¦ãñ ‚ãããä¥ã ¦ãñ 50.82 ›‡ã‹‡ãñŠ (¹ãì¥ãñ) ‚ãããä¥ã 77.57 ›‡ã‹‡ãñŠ (¾ãÌã¦ã½ããß) ƒ¦ã‡ãñŠ

ºãªÊã¦ã Öãñ¦ãñ •ãñ ·ããä½ãäÍãÓ› 2.2.7 ½ã£¾ãñ ªÍãÃãäÌãÊãñ ‚ããÖñ.

2.2.12.1 ¦ãñÊã ‡ãâŠ·ãµ»ããâÞãñ ½ã•»ã ·ãã¦ãßãèÌã½ãèÊã ÔãºãµÌã»ã‡ãŠ ‚ãããä¥ã ãäÌã¹ããØã »ããâÞ»ãã ‡ãŠ¡ãèÊã

½ãù‡ãñŠÊãÞ»ãã Ìãã›·ã Ìã ãäÌã¦ã½¥ããÞ»ãã ºãããäÖ¦ããèºã£ããèÊã ¦ã·ãŠãÌã¦ã.

¦ãñÊã ‡ãâŠ¹ã¶¾ããâÞ¾ãã Àã•¾ã Ô¦ãÀãè¾ã Ôã½ã¶Ìã¾ã‡ãŠãâ‡ãŠ¡ãèÊã (SLC) ‚ãããä¥ã ãäÌã¼ããØãã‡ãŠ¡ãèÊã 2008-13 ¾ãã

‡ãŠãÊããÌã£ããè½ã£ããèÊã Àãù‡ãñŠÊãÞ¾ãã Ìãã›¹ã Ìã ãäÌã¦ãÀ¥ããÞãã ¦ã¹ãÍããèÊã ŒããÊããèÊã¹ãÆ½ãã¥ãñ ‚ããÖñ:

¦ã‡ã‹¦ãã-5: 2008-13 ªÀ½¾ãã¶ã ½ãù‡ãñŠÊãÞ»ãã Ìãã›·ã Ìã ãäÌã¦ã½¥ãã¦ã ‚ãÔã¥ãã½ãè ¦ã·ãŠãÌã¦ã

(ãä‡ãŠÊããñ ãäÊã›½ ½ã£¾ãñ)

ÌãÓãÃ

¦ãñÊã ‡ãâŠ·ãµ»ããâÞ»ãã ½ã•»ãÔ¦ã½ãè»ã

ÔãºãµÌã»ã‡ãŠã‡ãŠ¡ãèÊã ºãããäÖ¦ããèµãìÔãã½

ãäÌã¹ããØãã‡ãŠ¡ãèÊã

½ãããäÖ¦ããè¶ãìÔããÀ

¦ã·ãŠãÌã¦ã

Ìãã›·ã ãäÌã¦ãÀ¥ã Ìãã›·ã ãäÌã¦ãÀ¥ã Ìãã›·ã ãäÌã¦ãÀ¥ã

1 2 3 4 5 6 (4-2) 7 (5-3)

2008-09 16,40,786 16,40,256 16,40,316 16,39,668 -470 -588

2009-10 16,40,416 16,40,546 16,40,412 16,38,273 -4 -2273

2010-11 15,64,176 15,62,744 15,64,176 15,57,927 0 -4817

2011-12 12,58,812 12,57,085 12,58,872 12,62,984 60 5899

2012-13 9,45,720 9,45,036 9,45,720 9,49,468 0 4432

Ô¨ããñ¦ã: ¦ãñÊã ‡ãâŠ¹ã¶¾ããâÞãñ SLC ‚ãããä¥ã ãäÌã¼ããØã ¾ããâ¶ããè ÔããªÀ ‡ãñŠÊãñÊããè ½ãããäÖ¦ããè

ÌãÀãèÊã ¦ã‡ã‹¦¾ããÌãÁ¶ã ‚ãÔãñ ãäªÔãî¶ã ¾ãñ¦ãñ ‡ãŠãè, 2008-11 ½ã£¾ãñ Àãù‡ãñŠÊã ãäÌã¦ãÀ¥ããÞããè ãäÌã¼ããØãã‡ãŠ¡ãèÊã

‚ãã‡ãŠ¡ñÌããÀãè Öãè ¦ãñÊã ‡ãâŠ¹ã¶¾ããâ‡ãŠ¡ãèÊã ‚ãã‡ãŠ¡ñÌããÀãè¹ãñàãã 7,678 ãä‡ãŠ.ãäÊã. ¶ãñ ‡ãŠ½ããè Öãñ¦ããè, ¦¾ããÞãÌãñßãè,

2011-12 ‚ãããä¥ã 2012-13 ªÀ½¾ãã¶ã ãäÌã¼ããØãã‡ãŠ¡ãèÊã Àãù‡ãñŠÊã ãäÌã¦ãÀ¥ããÞããè ‚ãã‡ãŠ¡ñÌããÀãè ¦ãñÊã

‡ãâŠ¹ã¶¾ããâÞ¾ãã ‚ãã‡ãŠ¡ñÌããÀãè¹ãñàãã 10,331 ãä‡ãŠ.ãäÊã. ¶ãñ •ããÔ¦ã Öãñ¦ããè. ¦ãÔãñÞã, Àãù‡ãñŠÊãÞ¾ãã 2008-10

½ã£ããèÊã Ìãã›¹ããÞããè ãäÌã¼ããØããÞããè ‚ãã‡ãŠ¡ñÌããÀãè ¦ãñÊã ‡ãâŠ¹ã¶¾ããâÞ¾ãã ‚ãã‡ãŠ¡ñÌããÀãè¹ãñàãã 474 ãä‡ãŠ.ãäÊã. ¶ãñ ‡ãŠ½ããè

Öãñ¦ããè Ìã 2011-12 ½ã£¾ãñ ¦ããè 60 ãä‡ãŠ. ãäÊã. ¶ãñ •ããÔ¦ã Öãñ¦ããè.

ãäÌã¼ããØãã¶ãñ Àãù‡ãñŠÊãÞ¾ãã Ìãã›¹ã Ìã ãäÌã¦ãÀ¥ããÞ¾ãã ‚ãã‡ãŠ¡ñÌããÀãè¦ããèÊã ¦ã¹ãŠãÌã¦ããèÞãã ¦ãñÊã ‡ãâŠ¹ã¶¾ããâÞ¾ãã

½ãããäÖ¦ããèºãÀãñºãÀ ¦ããß½ãñß ‡ãŠÀãÌãã •ãñ¥ãñ‡ãŠÁ¶ã Àãù‡ãñŠÊãÞãñ ‚ã¶ããä£ã‡ãðŠ¦ã ÖÔ¦ããâ¦ãÀ¥ã Öãñ¥ããÀ ¶ããÖãè ¾ããÞããè

Œãã¨ããè ‡ãŠÀ¦ãã ¾ãñƒÃÊã .

2.2.12.2 ½ãù‡ãñŠÊãÌã½ãèÊã ½ãñŒã Ôã¸ããäÔã¡ãèÞãñ ·ã½Ô·ã½ ÖÔ¦ããâ¦ã½¥ã ‡ãŠ½¥»ããÔã Ôãì¾Ìãã¦ã µã

‡ãŠ½¥ãñ

Àãù‡ãñŠÊãÞãñ ‚ãÌãõ£ã ÖÔ¦ããâ¦ãÀ¥ã ‡ãŠ½ããè ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ããÔããŸãè ‚ãããä¥ã ¦¾ããÞãÌãñßãè Êãã¼ãã©¾ããÄ¶ãã PDS Àãù‡ãñŠÊãÌãÀãèÊã

ÔãºããäÔã¡ãèÞãã Êãã¼ã ©ãñ› ¦¾ããâÞ¾ãã ºãú‡ãŠ Œãã¦¾ãã½ã£¾ãñ ¹ãÆã¹¦ã ÖãñƒÃÊã ¾ããÞããè Œãã¨ããè ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ããÔããŸãè ‡ãòŠ³ãè¾ã


52

ÌãõãäÍãÓ›¿ã¹ãî¥ãÃ ‚ããñßŒã ¹ãÆããä£ã‡ãŠÀ¥ã (UIDAI) ¾ããâÞ¾ãã ‚ã£¾ãàã¦ãñŒããÊããè ØãŸãè¦ã ‡ãñŠÊãñÊ¾ãã ‡ãðŠ¦ããè Øã›ãÞ¾ãã

ãäÍã¹ãŠãÀÍããâèÞ¾ãã ‚ãã£ããÀãÌãÀ ‡ãòŠ³ ÍããÔã¶ããÞ¾ãã ¹ãñ›ÈãñãäÊã¾ã½ã ‚ãããä¥ã ¶ãõÔããäØãÃ‡ãŠ Ìãã¾ãì ½ãâ¨ããÊã¾ãã¶ãñ

Àã•¾ãã½ã£¾ãñ Àãù‡ãñŠÊãÌãÀãèÊã ÀãñŒã ÔãºããäÔã¡ãèÞãñ ©ãñ› ÖÔ¦ããâ¦ãÀ¥ã (DTCK) ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ããÞããè ¾ããñ•ã¶ãã

ÀãºããäÌã¥¾ããÞãñ ãä¶ããäÍÞã¦ã ‡ãñŠÊãñ (‚ããù‡ã‹›ãñºãÀ 2011 ). Àã•¾ããâ¶ããè ãäÍã£ãã¹ããä¨ã‡ãŠã £ããÀ‡ãŠãâÞ¾ãã ºãú‡ãŠ Œãã¦¾ãã¦ã

Àãù‡ãñŠÊãÌãÀãèÊã ÔãºããäÔã¡ãèÞãñ ÀãñŒã ÖÔ¦ããâ¦ãÀ¥ã ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ããÔããŸãè ÔãâÔ©ãã¦½ã‡ãŠ ‡ãŠã¾ãÃ¦ãâ¨ã Ô©ãããä¹ã¦ã ‡ãŠÀã¾ãÞãñ

Öãñ¦ãñ. ‡ãòŠ³ ÍããÔã¶ããÞ¾ãã ãäÌã¦¦ã ½ãâ¨ããÊã¾ãã¶ãñ, 31 ½ããÞãÃ 2012 ¹ãîÌããê •¾ãã Àã•¾ããâ¶ããè DTCK ¾ããñ•ã¶ãã

‚ãÌãÊãâãäºãÊããè ¦¾ããâ¶ãã ` 100 ‡ãŠãñ›ãèÞãñ †‡ãŠÀ‡ãŠ½ããè ‚ã¶ãìªã¶ã ªñ¥¾ããÞãñ ãä¶ããäÍÞã¦ã ‡ãñŠÊãñ.

½ãÖãÀãÓ›È ÍããÔã¶ãã¶ãñ ½ããÞãÃ 2012 ½ã£¾ãñ ¾ããñ•ã¶ãñÞããè ‚ãâ½ãÊãºã•ããÌã¥ããè ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ããÞãñ ½ãã¶¾ã ‡ãñŠÊãñ ‚ãããä¥ã ‡ãòŠ³

ÍããÔã¶ãã¶ãñ ½ãÖãÀãÓ›Èã¦ããèÊã Ìã£ããÃ, ½ãìâºãƒÃ, ½ãìâºãƒÃ „¹ã¶ãØãÀñ, ‚ã½ãÀãÌã¦ããè, ¹ãì¥ãñ ‚ãããä¥ã ¶ãâªîÀºããÀ ¾ãã ÔãÖã

ãä•ãÊÖ¿ããâ½ã£ãñ Êãã¼ãã©¾ããÄÞããè ºãú‡ãŠ Œãã¦ããè ¦ÌãÀñ¶ãñ „Üã¡¥¾ããÞãñ ãä¶ãªóÍã ãäªÊãñ (•ãìÊãõ 2012). 31 ½ããÞãÃ

2013 ¹ã¾ãÄ¦ã Ôãâ¹ãî¥ãÃ Àã•¾ãã¦ã ¾ããñ•ã¶ãñÞããè ‚ãâ½ãÊãºã•ããÌã¥ããè ‡ãŠÀãÌã¾ããÞããè Öãñ¦ããè. ½ããÞãÃ 2013 ½ã£¾ãñ ‡ãòŠ³

ÍããÔã¶ãã¶ãñ ` 10 ‡ãŠãñ›ãèÞãñ ‚ã¶ãìªã¶ã ½ãì‡ã‹¦ã ‡ãñŠÊãñ ‚ãããä¥ã Ôãâ¹ãî¥ãÃ Àã•¾ãã¦ã ¹ãî¥ãÃ ãä‡ãŠÀ‡ãŠãñß ãäÌããä‰ãŠ

ãä‡ãâŠ½ã¦ããèÔã Àãù‡ãñŠÊãÞããè ãäÌããä‰ãŠ ¹ãî¥ãÃ Öãñ…¶ã †‡ãŠ ½ããäÖ¶ãã ¹ãî¥ãÃ ¢ããÊ¾ãã ãäÌãÓã¾ããèÞãñ Ìãõ¾ããä‡ã‹¦ã‡ãŠ ¹ãÆ½ãã¥ã¹ã¨ã

ãäªÊ¾ãã¶ãâ¦ãÀ ` 50 ‡ãŠãñ›ãèÞãã ¹ãì¤Þãã Ö¹¦ãã ½ãì‡ã‹¦ã ‡ãŠÀã¾ãÞãã Öãñ¦ãã. ªÔ¦ã†ñÌã•ããâÞããè ¦ã¹ããÔã¥ããè ‡ãñŠÊããè

‚ãÔã¦ãã ‚ãÔãñ ‚ãã¤ßî¶ã ‚ããÊãñ ‡ãŠãè, ãäÌã¼ããØãã¶ãñ ‚ããùØãÔ› 2012 Êãã ¾ããñ•ã¶ãñÞããè ‚ãâ½ãÊãºã•ããÌã¥ããè

‡ãŠÀ¥¾ããÔããŸãè ÔãìÁÌãã¦ã ‡ãñŠÊããè. ¦ã©ãããä¹ã, ½ããÞãÃ 2013 ¹ã¾ãâÃâ¦ã ‚ã½ãÀãÌã¦ããè (51 ›‡ã‹‡ãñŠ), ¶ãâªîÀºããÀ (66

›‡ã‹‡ãñŠ) ‚ãããä¥ã Ìã£ããÃ (71 ›‡ã‹‡ãñŠ) ¾ãã ¦ããè¶ã ãä•ãÊÖ¿ããâ½ã£¾ãñ Êãã¼ãã©¾ããÄÞããè ºãú‡ãñŠ¦ã Œãã¦ããè „Üã¡¥¾ããÞãñ ‡ãŠã½ã

‚ãâÍã¦ã: ¹ãî¥ãÃ ¢ããÊãñ Öãñ¦ãñ.

ÍããÔã¶ãã¶ãñ ‚ãÔãñ ¶ã½ãîª ‡ãñŠÊãñ (¶ããñÌÖòºãÀ 2013) ‡ãŠãè, MGNREGA Þ¾ãã £ã¦ããêÌãÀ ‚ãâªã•ã¹ã¨ã‡ãŠãºããÖñÀ

ÔãºããäÔã¡ãè ÖÔ¦ããâ¦ãÀ¥ã ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ããÞããè ¹ã£ª¦ã ‚ãããä¥ã Àãù‡ãñŠÊãÞ¾ãã ãä‡ãŠÀ‡ãŠãñß Ì¾ãã¹ãã-¾ããâ‡ãŠ¡î¶ã

ºãã•ããÀ¼ããÌããÌãÀ Öãñ¦ã ‚ãÔãÊãñÊ¾ãã ãäÌããä‰ãŠÞ¾ãã Ì¾ãÌãÖãÀãâ¶ãã ƒÊãñ‡ã‹›Èãè‡ãŠ ¹ã£ª¦ããè¶ãñ ÖÔ¦ãØã¦ã

‡ãŠÀ¥¾ããÔããŸãèÞ¾ãã ½ãìÊã¼ãî¦ã ÔãìãäÌã£ãã ‡ãòŠ³ ÍããÔã¶ãã¶ãñ „¹ãÊãº£ã ‡ãŠÁ¶ã ¶ã ãäªÊ¾ãã½ãìßñ ¾ããñ•ã¶ãã

•ãìÊãõ 2013 ¹ããÔãî¶ã ‡ãŠã¾ããÃãä¶Ìã¦ã ¢ããÊããè ¶ããÖãè.

¦ãÀãèÖãè,Àã•¾ãã¦ã •ãÀãè ¾ããñ•ã¶ãñÞããè ÔãìÁÌãã¦ã ‚ããùØãÔ› 2012 ¹ããÔãî¶ã ¢ããÊããè Öãñ¦ããè ‚ãããä¥ã ‡ãòŠ³ ÍããÔã¶ãã¶ãñ

` 10 ‡ãŠãñ›ãè ½ãì‡ã‹¦ã ‡ãñŠÊãñ Öãñ¦ãñ ¦ãÀãè Àã•¾ãã¦ããèÊã ÔãÖã ãä•ãÊÖ¿ããâ¹ãõ‡ãŠãè ¹ãŠ‡ã‹¦ã ¦ããè¶ãÞã ãä•ãÊÖ¾ãã¦ã DTCK

Þããè ‚ãâÍã¦ã: ‚ãâ½ãÊãºã•ããÌã¥ããè ¢ããÊããè Öãñ¦ããè, Àãù‡ãñŠÊãÞãñ ‚ãÌãõ£ã ÖÔ¦ããâ¦ãÀ¥ã ÀãñŒã¥¾ããÞãñ ‚ãããä¥ã

Êãã¼ãã©¾ããÄÞ¾ãã ºãú‡ãŠ Œãã¦¾ãã¦ã ÀãñŒã ÔãºããäÔã¡ãè ¹ãÀÔ¹ãÀ ÖÔ¦ããâ¦ãÀãè¦ã ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ããÞãã „ª áªñÍ¾ã Ôãã£¾ã ¢ããÊãã

¶ãÌÖ¦ãã Öãè ÌãÔ¦ãìãäÔ©ã¦ããè ‡ãŠã¾ã½ã ÀÖã¦ãñ.

2.2.12.3 ÌããÖµã ºããØããñÌãã ·ãÃ¥ããÊããèÞ»ãã ‚ãâºãÊã¸ã•ããÌã¥ããè¦ã ãäÌãÊãâ¸ã

¹ãñ›ÈãñãäÊã¾ã½ã ‚ãããä¥ã ¶ãõÔããäØãÃ‡ãŠ Ìãã¾ãì ½ãâ¨ããÊã¾ãã¶ãñ (‡ãòŠ³ ÍããÔã¶ã) ½ãÖãÀãÓ›È ÍããÔã¶ããÔã PDS Àãù‡ãñŠÊãÞããè

ÌããÖ¦ãì‡ãŠ ‡ãŠÀ¥ãã-¾ãã ÌããÖ¶ã/ ›âù‡ãŠÔãÃÞ¾ãã ÖãÊãÞããÊããè ½ããØããñÌãã Üãñ¥¾ããÔããŸãè ØÊããñºãÊã ¹ããñ¢ããèÍã¶ããéØã

ãäÔããäÔ›½ã

42

‚ãã£ãããäÀ¦ã ÌããÖ¶ã ½ããØããñÌãã ¹ãÆ¥ããÊããè (VTS) ºãÔããäÌã¥¾ããÞããè ãäÌã¶ãâ¦ããè (¹ãñŠºãÆìÌããÀãè 2011) ‡ãñŠÊããè

Öãñ¦ããè. ¹ãÆ¥ããÊããèÊãã PDS Àãù‡ãñŠÊãÞããè ÌããÖ¦ãî‡ãŠ ‡ãŠÀ¥ãã-¾ãã ÌããÖ¶ã ½ããØããÃÞãñ ‚ãããä¥ã ÌãñßñÞãñ „ÊÊãâÜã¶ã

42Öãè „¹ãØãÆÖãÌãÀ ‚ãã£ããÀãè¦ã ½ããØãÃãä¶ãªóÍã‡ãŠ ¹ãÆ¥ããÊããè ‚ãÔãî¶ã Öãè ¹ãÆ¥ããÊããè ÔãÌãÃ ÖÌãã½ãã¶ããÞ¾ãã ¹ããäÀãäÔ©ã¦ããè½ã£¾ãñ ½ããØããñÌãã Üãñ¥¾ããÔããŸãè

Ô©ãÊããâ¦ãÀãè¦ã Öãñ¥ãã-¾ãã ÌãÔ¦ãîÞãñ ¹ãð©ÌããèÌãÀ ‚ã©ãÌãã ¹ãð©Ìããè •ãÌãßãèÊã Ô©ãã¶ã ‚ãããä¥ã ÌãñßñÞããè ½ãããäÖ¦ãã è ªñ¦ãñ.


53

‡ãñŠÊ¾ããÔã Ôã¦ã‡ãÃŠ¦ãñÞãã ƒÍããÀã ª¿ãã¾ãÞãã Öãñ¦ãã ‚ãããä¥ã ‚ãÍãããäÀ¦ããè¶ãñ ÌããÖ¦ãì‡ãŠ Ìãã›ñÌãÀãèÊã ¼ãìÀ›¿ãã

Þããñ-¾ãã ‚ãããä¥ã ‚ãÌãõ£ã ÖÔ¦ããâ¦ãÀ¥ããÌãÀ ¶ã•ãÀ ŸñÌã¥¾ããÞãñ †‡ãŠ ¹ããäÀ¥ãã½ã‡ãŠãÀ‡ãŠ Ôãã£ã¶ã ½Ö¥ãî¶ã ‡ãŠã½ã

‡ãŠÀ¥ãñ ‚ã¹ãñãäàã¦ã Öãñ¦ãñ. ‡ãòŠ³ ÍããÔã¶ãã¶ãñ ¾ãã ºããºã¦ããè¦ã ¦ãñÊã ãäÌã‡ãŠ¥ãã-¾ãã ‡ãâŠ¹ã¶¾ããâ‡ãŠ¡î¶ã ¦ããâãä¨ã‡ãŠ ‚ãããä¥ã

ÔãâÔ©ãã¦½ã‡ãŠ ½ãª¦ã ªñ¥¾ããÞãã ¹ãÆÔ¦ããÌã ãäªÊãã Öãñ¦ãã ‚ãããä¥ã ‚ãÔãñ ‡ãŠßãäÌãÊãñ (½ããÞãÃ 2011) Öãñ¦ãñ ‡ãŠãè

¹ãÆ¦¾ãñ‡ãŠ ÌããÖ¶ããÌãÀ VTS ºãÔããäÌã¥¾ããÞããè ‚ãâªããä•ã¦ã ãä‡ãâŠ½ã¦ã ` 13,000 ÀãÖãèÊã •ããñ ŒãÞãÃ ½ãÖãÀãÓ›È

ÍããÔã¶ããÊãã ‚ãããä¥ã ¦ãñÊã ‡ãâŠ¹ã¶¾ããâ¶ãã ‡ãŠÀã¾ãÞãã Öãñ¦ãã.

ÊãñŒãã¹ãÀãèàã¥ãã¦ã ‚ãÔãñ ‚ãã¤ßî¶ã ‚ããÊãñ ‡ãŠãè, ¶ããñÌÖòºãÀ 2013 ¹ã¾ãÄ¦ã †‡ãîŠ¥ã ` 1.39 ‡ãŠãñ›ãè ŒãÞãÃ

‡ãŠÁ¶ã Ôãâ¹ãî¥ãÃ Àã•¾ãã¦ã 1,107 ÌããÖ¶ããâ¹ãõ‡ãŠãè •ãÀãè 1,068 ÌããÖ¶ããâÌãÀ VTS ºãÔããäÌã¥¾ãã¦ã ‚ããÊãñ Öãñ¦ãñ

¦ãÀãèÖãè, ‡ãŠãñÊÖã¹ãîÀ ãä•ãÊÖ¿ãã¦ããèÊã VTS ºãÔããäÌãÊãñÊããè ¹ãŠ‡ã‹¦ã 34 ÌããÖ¶ãñ ¹ãÆ¦¾ãàãã¦ã Ìãã¹ãÀÊããè •ãã¦ã

Öãñ¦ããè.

ÍããÔã¶ãã¶ãñ Öñ Ôã¦¾ã ÔÌããè‡ãŠãÀ (¶ããñÌÖòºãÀ 2013) ‡ãŠÀ¦ããâ¶ãã ƒ¦ãÀ ãä•ãÊÖ¿ãã¦ããèÊã VTS Þ¾ãã ‚ã‡ãŠã¾ãÃÀ¦ã

‚ãÔã¥¾ããÞãã Ôãâºãâ£ã ¦ããâãä¨ã‡ãŠ Ôã½ãÔ¾ããâÍããè •ããñ¡Êãã. VTS ºãÔããäÌãÊãñÊ¾ãã ÌããÖ¶ã /›ú‡ãŠÔãÃ¹ãõ‡ãŠãè 97 ›‡ã‹‡ãñŠ

‚ã‡ãŠã¾ãÃÀ¦ã ‚ãÔãÊ¾ãã½ãìßñ PDS Àãù‡ãñŠÊãÞ¾ãã Øãß¦ããèÌãÀ ºãâ£ã¶ã ÜããÊã¥¾ããÞãñ/‚ãÌãõ£ã ÖÔ¦ããâ¦ãÀ¥ã

ÀãñŒã¥¾ããÞãñ „ªáªãèÓ› Ôã¹ãŠÊã ¢ããÊãñ ¶ãÌÖ¦ãñ.

2.2.13 ¹ãã½ã ¦ãñÊããÞãñ ãäÌã¦ã½¥ã ‚ã¦»ãÊ·ã ¹ããØãã¦ã Öãñ¥ãñ

‡ãòŠ³ ÍããÔã¶ãã‡ãŠ¡î¶ã ‡ãŠ½ããè ªÀã¦ã ¹ãÆã¹¦ã ¢ããÊãñÊ¾ãã ¹ãã½ã ¦ãñÊããÞãñ Ìãã›¹ã, APL ¹ããâ¤-¾ãã ãäÍã£ãã¹ããä¨ã‡ãŠã

£ããÀ‡ãŠãâ¶ãã ÌãØãßî¶ã ÔãÌãÃ Êãã¼ãã©¾ããÄ¶ãã †‡ãŠ ãäÊã›À ¹ãÆãä¦ã ½ããÖ ¹ãÆãä¦ã ãäÍã£ãã¹ããä¨ã‡ãŠã ¾ãã ªÀã¶ãñ ÔãÌãÃ ¹ãã¨ã

Êãã¼ãã©¾ããÄ¶ãã ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ããÞãñ ŸÀãäÌãÊãñ (•ãî¶ã 2008). Àã•¾ã Ì¾ãã¹ããÀãè ½ãÖã½ãâ¡ßã‡ãŠ¡î¶ã (STC) ¹ãÆã¹ã¥ã

‡ãñŠÊãñÊ¾ãã ¹ãã½ã ¦ãñÊããÞããè ãäÍã£ãã¹ããä¨ã‡ãŠã £ããÀ‡ãŠãâ¶ãã ‚ãâãä¦ã½ã ãäÌã¦ãÀ¥ããÔããŸãè ¹ã¥ã¶ã ½ãÖã½ãâ¡ßã‡ãŠ¡î¶ã

ÍããÔã‡ãŠãè¾ã Øããñªã½ããâ¦ã ÌããÖ¦ãì‡ãŠ ‡ãŠÀã¾ãÞããè Öãñ¦ããè.

ÊãñŒãã¹ãÀãèàãñÊãã ‚ãÔãñ ‚ãã¤ßî¶ã ‚ããÊãñ ‡ãŠãè, ¹ãã½ã ¦ãñÊããÞãã ¹ãìÀÌãŸã ãä¶ã¾ããä½ã¦ã ¶ãÌÖ¦ãã. ‚ããŸ ÞããÞã¥ããè

¦ã¹ããÔã¥ããè ‡ãñŠÊãñÊ¾ãã ‡ãŠã¾ããÃÊã¾ããâÞ¾ãã

43

ÔãÀãÔãÀãè ½ãããäÔã‡ãŠ 5,536.06 KL ‚ããÌãÍ¾ã‡ãŠ¦ãñ†ñÌã•ããè ÌãÓãÃ

2008-09 ¦ãñ 2012-13 ªÀ½¾ãã¶ã ÔãÀãÔãÀãè ½ãããäÔã‡ãŠ Ìãã›¹ã 1,213.91 KL (21.93 ›‡ã‹‡ãñŠ) ƒ¦ã‡ãñŠÞã

Öãñ¦ãñ. ¹ãã½ã ¦ãñÊããÞãñ ¹ãÆ¦¾ãàã ãäÌã¦ãÀ¥ã ªñŒããèÊã Œãî¹ãÞã ‡ãŠ½ããè Öãñ¦ãñ. ÞããÞã¥ããè ¦ã¹ããÔã¥ããè ‡ãñŠÊãñÊ¾ãã ‚ããŸ

‡ãŠã¾ããÃÊã¾ããâ½ã£ããèÊã ¹ãŠ‡ã‹¦ã 8.78 ¦ãñ 34.22 ›‡ã‹‡ãñŠ ¹ãã¨ã ãäÍã£ãã¹ããä¨ã‡ãŠã £ããÀ‡ãŠãâ¶ããÞã ¹ãã½ã ¦ãñÊã ãäÌã¦ãÀãè¦ã

‡ãñŠÊãñ Öãñ¦ãñ. ÊãñŒãã¹ãÀãèàãñ¶ãñ ãäÌã¼ããØããè¾ã ‚ããä£ã‡ãŠã-¾ããâºãÀãñºãÀ Ôãâ¾ãì‡ã‹¦ã¹ã¥ãñ Êãã¼ãã©¾ããÄÞãñ ÔãÌãóàã¥ã ‡ãñŠÊãñ

‚ãÔã¦ãã, 98 ›‡ã‹‡ãñŠ Êãã¼ãã©¾ããÄ¶ããè ¹ãã½ã ¦ãñÊã ‡ãŠ½ããè ¹ãÆ½ãã¥ãã¦ã ãä½ãß¦ã ‚ãÔãÊ¾ããÞããè/‚ããä•ãºãã¦ã ãä½ãß¦ã

¶ãÔãÊ¾ããÞããè ¦ã‰ãŠãÀ ‡ãñŠÊããè.

ÍããÔã¶ãã¶ãñ ‚ãÔãñ ¶ã½ãîª ‡ãñŠÊãñ (¶ããñÌÖòºãÀ 2013) ‡ãŠãè, ‡ãâŠñâ³ãè¾ã ÔããÌãÃ•ããä¶ã‡ãŠ àãñ¨ãã¦ããèÊã „¹ã‰ãŠ½ããâºãÀãñºãÀ

‡ãŠÀãÀ ¶ã ‡ãŠÀ¥ãñ, ¦ãñÊããÞããè ‚ãã¾ãã¦ã, „¹ãÊãº£ã¦ãã, ¹ãÆ¦¾ãàã •ãÖã•ãã¦ãî¶ã ¹ããŸãäÌãÊãñÊãã ½ããÊã, ¹ãù‡ãŠãéØã

‚ãããä¥ã Êãã¼ãã©¾ããÄ¶ãã Ìãã›¹ã ¾ãã‡ãŠÀãè¦ãã Ìãñß ÊããØã¥¾ãã½ãìßñ ‡ãŠ½ããè ªÀã¦ããèÊã ¹ãã½ã ¦ãñÊããÞãã ¹ãìÀÌãŸã

‚ããä¶ã¾ããä½ã¦ã¹ã¥ãñ Öãñ¦ã Öãñ¦ãã.

43‚ã½ãÀãÌã¦ããè, ºããè¡, Þãâ³¹ãîÀ, •ãßØããÌã, ¶ãâªîÀºããÀ, ¹ãì¥ãñ, ÔããñÊãã¹ãîÀ ¾ãñ©ããèÊã DSO ‚ãããä¥ã ½ãìâºãƒÃ ¾ãñ©ããèÊã ãäÍã£ããÌãã›¹ããÞãñ ãä¶ã¾ãâ¨ã‡ãŠ ‚ãããä¥ã

Ÿã¥ãñ ãäÍã£ããÌãã›¹ã àãñ¨ã


54

2.2.14 FPS ‚ãããä¥ã ãäÍã£ãã·ããä¨ã‡ãŠã £ãã½‡ãŠãâµãã ‚ã¶ã£ããµ»ã ãäÌã¦ã½¥ã ‡ãŠ½¥»ããÞ»ãã ·ãÃ¥ããÊããè¦ã

Ôãì£ãã½¥ãã ‡ãŠ½¥»ããÔããŸãèÞ»ãã »ããñ•ãµãñÞ»ãã ‚ãâºãÊã¸ã•ããÌã¥ããè¦ã ¢ããÊãñÊãã ãäÌãÊãâ¸ã

TPDS ‚ãâ¦ãØãÃ¦ã ‚ã¸ã£ãã¶¾ããÞ¾ãã ãäÌã¦ãÀ¥ã ¾ãâ¨ã¥ãñ¦ã Ôãì£ããÀ ‚ãã¥ã¥¾ããÔããŸãè ÍããÔã‡ãŠãè¾ã Øããñªã½ããâ¦ãî¶ã

ÍããÔã¶ããÞ¾ãã ÔÌã¦ã:Þ¾ãã ãä‡ãâŠÌãã ‚ãããäªÌããÔããè ãäÌã‡ãŠãÔã ½ãÖã½ãâ¡ßã‡ãŠ¡î¶ã ÞããÊããäÌãÊãñÊ¾ãã ¼ãã¡¿ããÞ¾ãã

ÌããÖ¶ãã¦ãî¶ã ‚ãããä¥ã ¹ã¥ã¶ã ½ãÖãÔãâÜããÞ¾ãã ‡ãâŠ¨ãã›ãè ÌããÖ¶ãã¦ãî¶ã ‚ã¸ã£ãã¶¾ããÞããè ÌããÖ¦ãì‡ãŠ FPS ¹ã¾ãÃâ¦ã

‡ãŠÀ¥¾ããÞããè ¾ããñ•ã¶ãã ½ãÖãÀãÓ›È ÍããÔã¶ãã¶ãñ ‚ãããäªÌããÔããè ‚ãããä¥ã ªìÓ‡ãŠãß ¹ãÆÌã¥ã àãñ¨ãã¦ã ‚ã¶ãì‰ãŠ½ãñ ½ããÞãÃ

1993 ‚ãããä¥ã ½ããÞãÃ 1998 ¹ããÔãî¶ã ‚ãâ½ãÊãã¦ã ‚ãã¥ãÊããè Öãñ¦ããè.

Öãè ¾ããñ•ã¶ãã •ãìÊãõ 2003 ¹ã¾ãÃ¦ã ÔãÌãÃ ãä•ãÊÖ¿ãã¦ã ‚ãâ½ãÊãã¦ã ‚ãã¥ãÊããè ¹ã¥ã ‚ããù‡ã‹›ãñºãÀ 2005 ¹ããÔãî¶ã ºãâª

‡ãŠÀ¥¾ãã¦ã ‚ããÊããè, •ãñ, ‡ãòŠ³ ÍããÔã¶ããÞ¾ãã †ãä¹ãÆÊã 2005 Þ¾ãã ‚ã¸ã£ãã¶¾ã ªãÀãè ¹ããñÞããäÌã¥¾ããÔããŸãè

‡ãŠã¾ãÃàã½ã ‚ãããä¥ã ¹ãÆ¼ããÌããè ãäÌã¦ãÀ¥ã ¾ãâ¨ã¥ãã ¹ãÆÔ©ãããä¹ã¦ã ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ããÞ¾ãã ãäÍã¹ãŠãÀÍããèÞ¾ãã ãäÌãÁ£ª Öãñ¦ãñ.

‚ã¸ã£ãã¶¾ã ªãÀãè ¹ããñÖÞããäÌã¥¾ããÞ¾ãã ¾ããñ•ã¶ãñÞããè ‚ãâ½ãÊãºã•ããÌã¥ããè ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ãã¦ã ¾ãñ¥ãã-¾ãã ‚ã¡Þã¥ããéÞãã

‚ã¼¾ããÔã ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ããÔããŸãè ‚ãããä¥ã Öãè ¾ãâ¨ã¥ãã •ããÔ¦ã ¹ãÆ¼ããÌããè Öãñ¥¾ããÔããŸãè „¹ãã¾ã¾ããñ•ã¶ãã

ÔãìÞããäÌã¥¾ããÔããŸãè ½ãÖãÀãÓ›È ÍããÔã¶ãã¶ãñ „ÍããèÀã¶ãñ †‡ãŠ Ôããä½ã¦ããè ØãŸãè¦ã (•ãìÊãõ 2009) ‡ãñŠÊããè. ¾ãã

Ôããä½ã¦ããè¶ãñ ¹ãñŠºãÆìÌããÀãè 2010 Êãã ãäÍã¹ãŠãÀÍããè ãäªÊ¾ãã ‚ãããä¥ã ¦¾ãã ãäÍã¹ãŠãÀÍããéÞ¾ãã ‚ãã£ããÀãÌãÀ ½ãÖãÀãÓ›È

ÍããÔã¶ãã¶ãñ ‚ãŒãñÀ ¹ãñŠºãìÆÌããÀãè 2012 ½ã£¾ãñ ‘£ãã¶¾ã Ö½ããè ¾ããñ•ã¶ãã’ ¾ãã ¶ããÌããÞããè †‡ãŠ ¶ãÌããè¶ã ¾ããñ•ã¶ãã

‚ããŒãÊããè •¾ãã´ãÀñ, ÍããÔã‡ãŠãè¾ã Øããñªã½ããâ¦ããèÊã £ãã¶¾ã BPL Ìã AAY ãäÍã£ãã¹ããä¨ã‡ãŠã £ããÀ‡ãŠãâ¶ãã

44

©ãñ›

ãäÌã¦ãÀ¥ã ÌÖãÌãñ ¾ããÔããŸãè †‡ãŠã ŸÀããäÌã‡ãŠ ãäªÌãÍããè FPS/ ØããÌãã¦ããèÊã Þããõ‡ãŠ/ ÔããÌãÃ•ããä¶ã‡ãŠ ãäŸ‡ãŠã¥ã ¾ãñ©ãñ

¹ããñÖÞãÌã¥ãñ, ‚ã¸ã£ãã¶¾ããÞããè ÌããÖ¦ãì‡ãŠ ‡ãŠÀ¥ãã-¾ãã ÌããÖ¶ããâÌãÀ GPS ¹ãÆ¥ããÊããè ºãÔããäÌã¥ãñ ƒ¦¾ããªãè „ª áªãèÓ›

Ôãã£¾ã ‡ãŠÀã¾ãÞãñ Öãñ¦ãñ.

ÍããÔã¶ãã¶ãñ ‚ãÔãñ ¶ã½ãîª ‡ãñŠÊãñ (¶ããñÌÖòºãÀ 2013) ‡ãŠãè, Ôããä½ã¦ããè ØãŸãè¦ã ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ãã¦ããèÊã ãäÌãÊãâºã ‚ãããä¥ã ¶ãÌããè¶ã

¾ããñ•ã¶ãã ¦ã¾ããÀ ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ãã¦ããèÊã ãäÌãÊãâºã Öã ¹ãÆÍããÔã‡ãŠãè¾ã ‡ãŠãÀ¥ããâ½ãìßñ ¢ããÊãã Öãñ¦ãã. ÍããÔã¶ãã¶ãñ ¹ãì¤ñ

‚ãÔãñÖãè ÔããâãäØã¦ãÊãñ ‡ãŠãè, ¶ãÌããè¶ã ¾ããñ•ã¶ãñÞ¾ãã ‚ãâ½ãÊãºã•ããÌã¥ããèÌãÀ ºã-¾ããÞã ÔãâŒ¾ãñ¦ã ¶¾ãã¾ããÊã¾ããè¶ã ªãÌãñ

ªãŒãÊã ‡ãñŠÊãñ ØãñÊãñ. Ôããä½ã¦ããè ØãŸãè¦ã ‡ãŠÀã¾ãÊãã ¢ããÊãñÊ¾ãã ãäÌãÊãâºãã½ãìßñ ½ãÖãÀãÓ›È ÍããÔã¶ããÊãã ¶ãÌããè¶ã

¾ããñ•ã¶ãã ¦ã¾ããÀ ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ããÔã ãäÌãÊãâºã ¢ããÊãã Öãñ¦ãã ¹ããäÀ¥ãã½ã¦ã: FPS ‚ãããä¥ã ãäÍã£ãã¹ããä¨ã‡ãŠã £ããÀ‡ãŠãâ¶ãã

‚ã¸ã£ãã¶¾ããÞãñ ãäÌã¦ãÀ¥ã ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ããÞ¾ãã ¹ãÆ¥ããÊããèÞ¾ãã Ôãì£ããÀ¥ãñ¦ã ÔãÖã ÌãÓããâÃ¹ãñàãã ‚ããä£ã‡ãŠ ãäÌãÊãâºã ¢ããÊãã

Öãñ¦ãã (†ãä¹ãÆÊã 2005 ¦ãñ ¹ãñŠºãÆìÌããÀãè 2012) Öãè ÌãÔ¦ãìãäÔ©ã¦ããè ‡ãŠã¾ã½ã ÀÖã¦ãñ.

2.2.14.1 FCI Êãã Þãî‡ãŠãèµãñ ·ãÃªãµã ‡ãñŠÊãñÊ»ãã •ã‡ãŠã¦ããèÞãã ·ã½¦ããÌ»ããÔããŸãè ªãÌãã µã ‡ãŠ½¥ãñ

½ãìâºãƒÃ ½ãÖã¹ãããäÊã‡ãŠã (MMC) ‚ããä£ããä¶ã¾ã½ã, 1888, Þ¾ãã ‡ãŠÊã½ã 194 (1) ÔãÖ ½ãìâºãƒÃ ¹ãÆãâãä¦ã¾ã

½ãÖã¹ãããäÊã‡ãŠã (BPMC) ‚ããä£ããä¶ã¾ã½ã, 1949 Þ¾ãã ‡ãŠÊã½ã 146 (1) ½ã£ããèÊã ¦ãÀ¦ãîªãé¶ãìÔããÀ, †Œããªãè

ÌãÔ¦ãî ‚ãã¾ãã¦ã ‡ãŠÀ¦ããâ¶ãã, ¾ãã ºããºã¦ããè¦ã Ôãâºãâãä£ã¦ã ÍããÔã¶ãã¶ãñ ¹ãÆããä£ã‡ãðŠ¦ã ‡ãñŠÊãñÊ¾ãã ‚ããä£ã‡ãŠãÅ ¾ãã¶ãñ,¦ããè

ÍããÔã¶ããÞ¾ãã ½ããÊã‡ãŠãèÞããè ‚ãÔãî¶ã ãä¦ãÞãã Ìãã¹ãÀ ‡ãñŠÌãß ÔããÌãÃ•ããä¶ã‡ãŠ ¹ãÆ¾ããñ•ã¶ããÔããŸãè Öãñ¥ããÀ ‚ãÔãÊ¾ããÞãñ

ãä‡ãâŠÌãã ¦ãÔãã Ìãã¹ãÀ ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ããÞãã „ªáªñÍã ‚ãÔãÊ¾ããÞãñ ¦ãÔãñÞã ¶ã¹ãŠã ãä½ãßÌã¥¾ããÔããŸãè ãä¦ãÞãã Ìãã¹ãÀ Öãñ¥ããÀ

¶ãÔãÊ¾ããÞãñ ãä‡ãâŠÌãã ¦ãÔãã Ìãã¹ãÀ ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ããÞãã „ªáªñÍã ¶ãÔãÊ¾ããÞãñ,¹ãÆ½ãããä¥ã¦ã ‡ãñŠÊ¾ããÔã ‚ãÍãã ÌãÔ¦ãîÌãÀ

44FPS Íããè ÔãâÊãØ¶ã ‚ãÔãÊãñÊ¾ãã 60 ›‡ã‹‡ãñŠ BPL ‚ãããä¥ã AAY ãäÍã£ãã¹ããä¨ã‡ãŠã£ããÀ‡ãŠãâ¶ããè •ãÀ ¦ããè¶ã ½ããäÖ¶¾ããâÞ¾ãã

£ãã¶¾ããÞ¾ãã ÔããŸ¿ããÞãñ ¹ãÆªã¶ã ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ããÞãñ ½ãã¶¾ã ‡ãñŠÊãñ ¦ãÀÞã BPL ‚ãããä¥ã AAY ãäÍã£ãã¹ããä¨ã‡ãŠã £ããÀ‡ãŠãâ¶ãã ¾ãã

¾ããñ•ã¶ãñŒããÊããè ‚ã¸ã£ãã¶¾ããÞãñ ãäÌã¦ãÀ¥ã ‡ãŠÀã¾ãÞãñ Öãñ¦ãñ


55

•ã‡ãŠã¦ã ‚ãã‡ãŠãÀ¥ããè¾ã ¶ãÔããÌããè. ¦ãÔãñÞã, ªãñ¶Öãè ‚ããä£ããä¶ã¾ã½ããâÞ¾ãã „¹ã-‡ãŠÊã½ã (2) ½ã£¾ãñ ‚ãÍããè ¦ãÀ¦ãîª

‡ãŠÀ¥¾ãã¦ã ‚ããÊããè ‚ããÖñ ‡ãŠãè, •¾ãã ÌãÔ¦ãîÌãÀ •ã‡ãŠã¦ã ¼ãÀ¥¾ãã¦ã ‚ããÊããè ‚ããÖñ, ¦ããè ÌãÔ¦ãî ‚ãã¾ãã¦ã ‡ãŠÀ¦ãã¶ãã

‚ãã¾ãã¦ãªãÀã¶ãñ ÔãªÀ ÌãÔ¦ãî ÍããÔã¶ããºãÀãñºãÀ ‡ãñŠÊãñÊ¾ãã ãäÌããäÍãÓŸ ‡ãŠÀãÀãÞããè ¹ãî¦ãÃ¦ãã ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ããÔããŸãè ãä‡ãâŠÌãã

ÍããÔã¶ããÞ¾ãã Ìãã¹ãÀãÔããŸãè ãä‡ãâŠÌãã ‡ãñŠÌãß ÔããÌãÃ•ããä¶ã‡ãŠ ¹ãÆ¾ããñ•ã¶ããÔããŸãè ‚ãã¾ãã¦ã ‡ãñŠÊ¾ãããäÌãÓã¾ããèÞãñ

ÔÌããàããâ‡ãŠãè¦ã ÊãñŒããè ÜããñÓã¥ãã ¹ã¨ã ÔããªÀ ‡ãñŠÊ¾ããÔã ¦¾ããÌãÀ ¼ãÀÊãñÊ¾ãã Ôãâ¹ãî¥ãÃ ÍãìÊ‡ãŠãÞãã ¹ãÀ¦ããÌãã

ªñ¥¾ãã¦ã ¾ããÌãã.

ÌãÓãÃ 2008-12

45

¾ãã ‡ãŠãÊããÌã£ããèÞãñ ãäÌã¼ããØããÞãñ ÊãñŒãñ ¦ã¹ããÔãÊãñ ‚ãÔã¦ãã ‚ãÔãñ ‚ãã¤ßî¶ã ‚ããÊãñ ‡ãŠãè 13

ãä•ãÊÖ¿ããâ½ã£¾ãñ ãäÌã¼ããØãã¶ãñ FCI Êãã ‚ã¸ã£ãã¶¾ããÞ¾ãã ãä‡ãâŠ½ã¦ããèºãÀãñºãÀÞã ` 6.55 ‡ãŠãñ›ãè

46

†Ìã¤ãè •ã‡ãŠã¦ã

À‡ã‹‡ãŠ½ã ¹ãÆªã¶ã ‡ãñŠÊããè Öãñ¦ããè. ¹ãÀâ¦ãì ÌãÀãèÊã ‚ããä£ããä¶ã¾ã½ããâÞ¾ãã „¹ã-‡ãŠÊã½ã (2) ½ã£ããèÊã ¦ãÀ¦ãîªãéÞ¾ãã

‚ãâ¦ãØãÃ¦ã ãäÌãÖãè¦ã ‡ãñŠÊãñ ‚ãÔãî¶ãÖãè ãäÌã¼ããØãã¶ãñ FCI ‡ãŠ¡î¶ã ‡ãìŠŸÊããÖãè ¹ãÀ¦ããÌ¾ããÞãã ªãÌãã ‡ãñŠÊãã ¶ãÌÖ¦ãã.

ÍããÔã¶ãã¶ãñ ¶ã½ãîª ‡ãñŠÊãñ (¶ããñÌÖòºãÀ 2013) ‡ãŠãè, BPMC ‚ããä£ããä¶ã¾ã½ã, 1949 Þ¾ãã ‡ãŠÊã½ã 127 (2) (a)

Ìã 149 (1) ½ã£ããèÊã ¦ãÀ¦ãîªãé ‚ãâ¦ãØãÃ¦ã FCI Êãã •ã‡ãŠã¦ããèÞãñ ¹ãÆªã¶ã ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ãã¦ã ‚ããÊãñ Öãñ¦ãñ.

BPMC ‚ããä£ããä¶ã¾ã½ã, 1949 Þ¾ãã ‡ãŠÊã½ã 146 (1) Ìã MMC ‚ããä£ããä¶ã¾ã½ã, 1888 Þ¾ãã ‡ãŠÊã½ã 194 (1)

½ã£ããèÊã ¦ãÀ¦ãîªãé¶ãìÔããÀ ‚ã¸ã£ãã¶¾ããÌãÀ •ã‡ãŠã¦ã ‚ãã‡ãŠãÀ¥ããè¾ã ¶ãÔãÊ¾ãã¶ãñ Öñ „¦¦ãÀ Þãî‡ãŠãèÞãñ ŸÀ¦ãñ.

2.2.15 Øããñªã½ãñ ºããâ£ã¥¾ãã¦ããèÊã ãäÌãÊãâºã

FCI ¡ñ¹ããñ ½ã£ãî¶ã ¹ãÆã¹¦ã ¢ããÊãñÊ¾ãã £ãã¶¾ããÞãñ FPS ´ãÀñ ãäÍã£ãã¹ããä¨ã‡ãŠã£ããÀ‡ãŠãâ¶ãã ãäÌã¦ãÀ¥ã ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ãã‡ãŠãäÀ¦ãã

¦ãñ ÍããÔããä‡ãŠ¾ã Øããñªã½ãã½ã£¾ãñ ÔããŸãäÌãÊãñ •ãã¦ãñ. ½ãÖãÀãÓ›È Àã•¾ãã¦ã TPDS ‚ãâ¦ãØãÃ¦ã •ããèÌã¶ããÌãÍ¾ã‡ãŠ

ÌãÔ¦ãîâÞããè ÔããŸÌã¥ã ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ããÔããŸãè ¹ãÆ¦¾ãàãã¦ã Ìãã¹ãÀ Öãñ¦ã ‚ãÔãÊãñÊ¾ãã 931 Øããñªã½ããâÞããè

47

ÔããŸÌã¥ã

àã½ã¦ãã •ãî¶ã 2012 Àãñ•ããè 5.26 Êãàã ½ãñ. ›¶ã Öãñ¦ããè.

‚ã¸ã£ãã¶¾ã ¹ãŠ‡ã‹¦ã 43 ãäªÌãÔã ÔããŸÌã¥¾ãã†Ìã¤ãèÞã Øããñªã½ããâÞããè Ôã£¾ããÞããè àã½ã¦ãã ‚ãÔãÊ¾ãã¶ãñ ‚ãã¥ãŒããè

ªãñ¶ã ½ããäÖ¶ãñ ÔããŸÌã¥ã ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ããÞããè ØãÀ•ã ‚ãããä¥ã ¼ããäÌãÓ¾ãã¦ããèÊã ‚ã¸ã£ãã¶¾ããÞããè Ìãã¤ãèÌã ¹ãÆã¹¦ããè ãäÌãÞããÀã¦ã

Üãñ„¶ã ãäÌã¼ããØãã¶ãñ ÍããÔã‡ãŠãè¾ã Øããñªã½ããâÞããè ÔããŸÌã¥ã àã½ã¦ãã Ìãã¤Ìã¥¾ããÞãñ ãä¶ããäÍÞã¦ã ‡ãñŠÊãñ. ÔããŸÌã¥ã

àã½ã¦ãã 5.95 Êãàã MT ¶ãñ Ìãã¤Ìã¥¾ããÔããŸãè, ½ãÖãÀãÓ›È ÍããÔã¶ãã¶ãñ 34 ãä•ãÊÖ¿ããâ½ã£¾ãñ 584 ‚ããä¦ããäÀ‡ã‹¦ã

Øããñªã½ããâÞãñ ºããâ£ã‡ãŠã½ã ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ãããäÌãÓã¾ããèÞãã †‡ãîŠ¥ã ` 484.13 ‡ãŠãñ›ãè ŒãÞããÃÞãã ‡ãðŠ¦ããè ‚ããÀãŒã¡ã ¦ã¾ããÀ

‡ãñŠÊãã (½ããÞãÃ 2012 ), •ããñ ½ããÞãÃ 2012 ½ã£¾ãñ ÀãÓ›Èãè¾ã ‡ãðŠÓããè ‚ãããä¥ã ØãÆã½ããè¥ã ãäÌã‡ãŠãÔã ºãú‡ãŠ (NABARD)

Þ¾ãã ØãÆã½ããè¥ã ¹ãã¾ãã¼ãî¦ã ÔãìãäÌã£ãã ãäÌã‡ãŠãÔã ãä¶ã£ããè ‚ãâ¦ãØãÃ¦ã ½ãâ•ãîÀ ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ãã¦ã ‚ããÊãã. NABARD ‡ãŠ¡î¶ã

` 459.93 ‡ãŠãñ›ãè ‡ãŠ•ãÃÂ¹ãã¦ã ¹ãÆã¹¦ã ÌÖãÌã¾ããÞãñ Öãñ¦ãñ Ìã „ÌãÃãäÀ¦ã ` 24.20 ‡ãŠãñ›ãè ãä¶ã£ããè ½ãÖãÀãÓ›È

ÍããÔã¶ãã¶ãñ „¹ãÊãº£ã ‡ãŠÁ¶ã ª¿ããÌã¾ããÞãã Öãñ¦ãã. ÔãÌãÃ 584 Øããñªã½ããâÞãñ ºããâ£ã‡ãŠã½ã ½ããÞãÃ 2014 ¹ã¾ãÃâ¦ã ¹ãî¥ãÃ

‡ãŠÀ¥¾ããÞãñ „ªáªãèÓ› ŸñÌã¥¾ãã¦ã ‚ããÊãñ Öãñ¦ãñ.

½ããÞãÃ 2012 ½ã£¾ãñ NABARD ¶ãñ ` 91.98 ‡ãŠãñ›ãè (20 ›‡ã‹‡ãñŠ) ÔãìÔã••ã¦ãã ‚ãØãÆãè½ã ½ãì‡ã‹¦ã ‡ãñŠÊãã ‚ãããä¥ã

¹ãÆ‡ãŠÊ¹ããÌãÀ ¹ãÆ¦¾ãàã ¢ããÊãñÊ¾ãã ŒãÞããÃÞ¾ãã ‚ãã£ããÀãÌãÀ / ¹ãÆ½ãã¥ãã¦ã „ÌãÃÀãè¦ã À‡ã‹‡ãŠ½ãñÞããè ¹ãÆãä¦ã¹ãî¦ããê

452012-13 Þãñ ÊãñŒãñ ¹ãî¥ãÃ ¢ããÊãñÊãñ ¶ãÌÖ¦ãñ (•ãã¶ãñÌããÀãè 2014)

462008-09: ` 2.07 ‡ãŠãñ›ãè; 2009-10: ` 1.41 ‡ãŠãñ›ãè; 2010-11: ` 1.75 ‡ãŠãñ›ãè; ‚ãããä¥ã 2011-12: ` 1.32 ‡ãŠãñ›ãè

47ÍããÔã¶ããÞ¾ãã 1,024 Øããñªã½ããâÞããè àã½ã¦ãã 5.62 Êãàã ½ãñû ›¶ã Ìã•ãã Ìãã¹ãÀ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ãã¾ããñØ¾ã ¶ãÔãÊãñÊ¾ãã 192 Øããñªã½ããâÞããè

àã½ã¦ãã 0.78 Êãàã ½ãñû ›¶ã Ìã•ãã ¼ãã¡¿ããÌãÀ ãäªÊãñÊ¾ãã 11 ÍããÔããä‡ãŠ¾ã Øããñªã½ããâÞããè àã½ã¦ãã 0.06 Êãàã ½ãñû ›¶ã ‚ããä£ã‡ãŠ

ÍããÔã¶ãã¶ãñ ¼ãã¡¿ããÌãÀ Üãñ¦ãÊãñÊ¾ãã 110 Øããñªã½ããâÞããè àã½ã¦ãã 0.48 Êãàã ½ãñû ›¶ã


56

‡ãŠÀã¾ãÞããè Öãñ¦ããè. NABARD ‡ãŠ¡î¶ã ½ãì‡ã‹¦ã ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ãã¦ã ‚ããÊãñÊãã ãä¶ã£ããè Àã•¾ããÞ¾ãã †‡ãŠ¨ããè‡ãðŠ¦ã ãä¶ã£ããè½ã£¾ãñ

•ã½ãã ‡ãŠÀã¾ãÞãã Öãñ¦ãã •ããñ ½ãÖãÀãÓ›È ÍããÔã¶ããÞ¾ãã ãäÌã¦¦ã ãäÌã¼ããØãã¶ãñ ¹ãÆ¦¾ãñ‡ãŠ ÌãÓããê ‚ã©ãÃÔãâ‡ãŠÊ¹ãã¦ã ¦ãÀ¦ãîª

‡ãŠÂ¶ã ãäÌã¦ãÀãè¦ã ‡ãŠÀã¾ãÞãã Öãñ¦ãã.

‚ããä¼ãÊãñŒ¾ããâÞ¾ãã ¦ã¹ããÔã¥ããè¦ãî¶ã ‚ãÔãñ ‚ãã¤ßî¶ã ‚ããÊãñ ‡ãŠãè, •¾ãã 128 Øããñªã½ããâÔããŸãè ãäÌã¦¦ã ãäÌã¼ããØãã¶ãñ

ãä¶ã£ããè ãäÌã¦ãÀãè¦ã ‡ãñŠÊãã Öãñ¦ãã ¦¾ãã¹ãõ‡ãŠãè ¹ãŠ‡ã‹¦ã 31 Øããñªã½ããâÞãñ ºããâ£ã‡ãŠã½ã ¶ããñÌÖòºãÀ 2013 ¹ã¾ãÄ¦ã ¹ãî¥ãÃ

¢ããÊãñ Öãñ¦ãñ; •ããä½ã¶ããèÞ¾ãã ‚ã¶ãì¹ãÊãº£ãñ½ãìßñ ‚ããŸ Øããñªã½ããâÞãñ ‡ãŠã½ã ÔãìÁ Öãñ… Íã‡ãŠÊãñ ¶ãÌÖ¦ãñ; 66

Øããñªã½ããâÞãñ ‡ãŠã½ã ¹ãÆØã¦ããè¹ã©ããÌãÀ Öãñ¦ãñ, †‡ãŠã Øããñªã½ããÞ¾ãã ŒãÞããÃÞãñ ‚ãâªã•ã¹ã¨ã‡ãŠ ¦ã¾ããÀ ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ããÞããè

¹ãÆãä‰ãŠ¾ãã ÔãìÁ Öãñ¦ããè; 22 Øããñªã½ããâÞ¾ãã ºããºã¦ããè¦ã ãä¶ããäÌãªñÞããè ¹ãÆãä‰ãŠ¾ãã ÔãìÂ Öãñ¦ããè. •¾ãã Øã¦ããè¶ãñ

Øããñªã½ããâÞãñ ºããâ£ã‡ãŠã½ã ¹ãî¥ãÃ Öãñ¦ã Öãñ¦ãñ; ¦ãñ ãäÌãÞããÀã¦ã Üãñ¦ãã, ÔãÌãÃ 584 Øããñªã½ããâÞãñ ºããâ£ã‡ãŠã½ã ½ããÞãÃ 2014

¹ã¾ãÃâ¦ã ¹ãî¥ãÃ ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ããÞãñ „ªáªãèÓ› Ôãã£¾ã Öãñ¥ãñ ‚ãÍã‡ã‹¾ã ‚ãÔãÊ¾ããÞãñ ãäªÔãî¶ã ¾ãñ¦ãñ, Ôãºãºã, ‚ã¸ã£ãã¶¾ããÞ¾ãã

ÔããŸÌã¥ããèÔããŸãè ‚ããä¦ããäÀ‡ã‹¦ã ÔããŸÌã¥ã àã½ã¦ãã ãä¶ã½ããÃ¥ã ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ããÞ¾ãã „ª áªãèÓ›ãÊãã ºãã£ãã ãä¶ã½ããÃ¥ã ¢ããÊããè.

ÍããÔã¶ãã¶ãñ Øããñªã½ããâÞ¾ãã ºããâ£ã‡ãŠã½ããÞããè ¹ãÆØã¦ããè ‚ãÔã½ãã£ãã¶ã‡ãŠãÀ‡ãŠ ‚ãÔãÊ¾ããÞãñ ½ãã¶¾ã ‡ãŠÀ¦ãã¶ãã ‚ãÔãñ

¶ã½ãîª ‡ãñŠÊãñ (¶ããñÌÖòºãÀ 2013) ‡ãŠãè, 3.24 Êãàã MT àã½ã¦ãñÞããè 234 Øããñªã½ãñ ºããâ£ã¥¾ããÔããŸãè ¹ãÆÍããÔã‡ãŠãè¾ã

½ãã¶¾ã¦ãã ªñ¥¾ãã¦ã ‚ããÊããè Öãñ¦ããè.

2.2.15.1 Øããñªãºããâºã£»ãñ ÔããŸãäÌãÊãñÊ»ãã ‚ã¶ã£ãµ»ããÞãã ãäÌãºãã µã „¦ã½ãäÌã¥ãñ

½ãÖãÀãÓ›È ÍããÔã¶ããÞ¾ãã ãäÌã¦¦ã ãäÌã¼ããØãã¶ãñ ¹ãñŠºãÆìÌããÀãè1966 ½ã£¾ãñ ãäªÊãñÊ¾ãã ‚ããªñÍããâ¶ãìÔããÀ ÍããÔããä‡ãŠ¾ã

Øããñªã½ããâ½ã£¾ãñ ÔããŸãäÌãÊ¾ãã •ãã¥ãã-¾ãã ‚ã¸ã£ãã¶¾ããÞãã ãäÌã½ãã „¦ãÀãäÌã¥ãñ ‚ããÌãÍ¾ã‡ãŠ ‚ããÖñ.ÞããÞã¥ããè

¦ã¹ããÔã¥ããè ‡ãñŠÊãñÊ¾ãã 11 ¹ãõ‡ãŠãè Ôãã¦ã

48

‡ãŠã¾ããÃÊã¾ãã¦ããèÊã ‚ããä¼ãÊãñŒ¾ããâÞ¾ãã ¦ã¹ããÔã¥ããè¦ã ‚ãÔãñ ‚ãã¤ßî¶ã

‚ããÊãñ ‡ãŠãè, †‡ãâŠªÀ 1.05 Êãàã MT ÔããŸÌã¥ã àã½ã¦ãã ‚ãÔãÊãñÊ¾ãã 199 Øããñªã½ãã¦ã ÔããŸÌãÊãñÊ¾ãã

‚ã¸ã£ãã¶¾ããÞãã ãäÌã¼ããØãã¶ãñ ãäÌã½ãã „¦ãÀãäÌãÊãã ¶ãÌÖ¦ãã.

ÍããÔã‡ãŠãè¾ã/¼ãã¡¿ããÌãÀ Üãñ¦ãÊãñÊ¾ãã Øããñªã½ããâ½ã£¾ãñ ÔããŸãäÌãÊãñÊ¾ãã ‚ã¸ã£ãã¶¾ããÞãã ãäÌã½ãã „¦ãÀãäÌã¥¾ããÔããŸãè

DSOs ‚ãããä¥ã FDOs ¶ãã ÔãîÞã¶ãã ªñ¥¾ãã¦ã ‚ããÊ¾ããÞãñ ÍããÔã¶ãã¶ãñ ¶ã½ãîª ‡ãñŠÊãñ (¶ããñÌÖòºãÀ 2013).

2.2.16 Ôãâãä¶ã¾ãâ¨ã¥ã

TPDS Þãñ ‡ãŠã½ã‡ãŠã•ã ÔãìÀßãè¦ã Öãñ¥¾ããÞããè Œãã¨ããè ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ããÞ¾ãã „ªáªñÍ¾ãã¶ãñ PDS (ãä¶ã¾ãâ¨ã¥ã) ‚ããªñÍã,

2001 ½ã£¾ãñ, ªì‡ãŠã¶ããâÞããè ¦ã¹ããÔã¥ããè, ªàã¦ãã Ôããä½ã¦¾ããâÞãñ ØãŸ¶ã, ãä¶ã¾ã¦ã‡ãŠãÊããè‡ãŠ ãäÌãÌãÀ¥ã¹ã¨ãããâÞãñ

ÔããªÀãè‡ãŠÀ¥ã, ÔãâØã¥ã‡ãŠ ¹ãÆ¥ããÊããèÞãã Ìãã¹ãÀ ƒ¦¾ããªãè ÔããÀŒ¾ãã ÌãñØãÌãñØãß¾ãã ‡ãŠã¾ãÃ¦ãâ¨ãã´ãÀñ ¹ã¾ããÃ¹¦ã

Ôãâãä¶ã¾ãâ¨ã¥ã ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ããÞ¾ãã ØãÀ•ãñÌãÀ ¼ãÀ ªñ¥¾ãã¦ã ‚ããÊãã Öãñ¦ãã.

2.2.16.1 ØããñªãºããâÞããè ¦ã·ããÔã¥ããè ãäµã£ããÀãä½¦ã ÔãâŒ»ãñ¦ã µã Öãñ¥ãñ

½ãÖãÀãÓ›È ÍããÔã¶ãã¶ãñ ½ãñ 2006 Þ¾ãã ¹ããäÀ¹ã¨ã‡ãŠã½ã£¾ãñ ãä•ãÊÖ¿ãã¦ããèÊã ÌãñØãÌãñØãß¾ãã ¦ã¹ããÔã¥ããè

¹ãÆããä£ã‡ãŠã-¾ããâ¶ããè ¦ãÔãñÞã ¹ãìÀÌãŸã ‚ãã¾ãì‡ã‹¦ã, ½ãìâºãƒÃ ¾ããâÞ¾ãã ªãñ¶ã Øããñªã½ã ¦ã¹ããÔã¥ããè ¹ã©ã‡ãŠãâ¶ããè (GIS)

Øããñªã½ããâÞ¾ãã ÊãñŒ¾ããâÞããè ¦ãÔãñÞã Øããñªã½ãã¦ã ÔããŸÌãÊãñÊ¾ãã ‚ã¸ã£ãã¶¾ããâÞããè ‡ãŠÔãî¶ã ¦ã¹ããÔã¥ããè ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ããÞããè

ØãÀ•ã ‚ãÔãÊ¾ããÞãã ¹ãì¶ãÁÞÞããÀ ‡ãñŠÊãã. ‚ãÍãã ¦ã¹ããÔã¥ããèÞ¾ãã Ìãñßãè GIS ¶ããè ¹ãÆ¦¾ãàã ÔããŸñ, ¹ããñ¦¾ããâÞããè

48‚ã½ãÀãÌã¦ããè, ºããè¡, Þãâ³¹ãîÀ, •ãßØããÌã, ¶ãâªîÀºããÀ, Ÿã¥ãñ ¾ãñ©ããèÊã DSO ‚ãããä¥ã ÔããñÊãã¹ãîÀ ¾ãñ©ããèÊã FDO


57

ÍããÔ¨ããñ‡ã‹¦ã ½ããâ¡¥ããè, £ãîÀãè ªñ¥¾ããÞããè ¹ã£ª¦ã ¦ã¹ããÔã¥ãñ ‚ã¹ãñãäàã¦ã Öãñ¦ãñ. ªÀÌãÓããê ¹ãÆ¦¾ãñ‡ãŠ GIS ¶ãñ 200

Øããñªãã½ããâ¶ãã ¼ãñ› ªñ¥ãñ ‚ããÌãÍ¾ã‡ãŠ Öãñ¦ãñ. ¹ãìÀÌãŸã ‚ãã¾ãì‡ã‹¦ããâÞ¾ãã ‡ãŠã¾ããÃÊã¾ãã¶ãñ ÌãããäÓãÃ‡ãŠ ¦ã¹ããÔã¥¾ããâÞãã

†‡ãŠ †‡ãŠãä¨ã¦ã ‚ãÖÌããÊã ½ãÖãÀãÓ›È ÍããÔã¶ããÊãã ÔããªÀ ‡ãŠÀ¥ãñ ‚ããÌãÍ¾ã‡ãŠ Öãñ¦ãñ.

‚ããä¼ãÊãñŒ¾ããâÞ¾ãã ¦ã¹ããÔã¥ããè¦ãî¶ã ‚ãÔãñ ãä¶ãªÍãÃ¶ããÔã ‚ããÊãñ ‡ãŠãè, 2008-13 ªÀ½¾ãã¶ã ¦ã¹ããÔã¥ããè ‡ãŠÀ¥ãñ

‚ã¹ãñãäàã¦ã ‚ãÔãÊãñÊ¾ãã 2000 Øããñªã½ããâ¹ãõ‡ãŠãè ¹ãŠ‡ã‹¦ã 739 Øããñªã½ããâÞããè ¦ã¹ããÔã¥ããè ¾ãã ¹ãõ‡ãŠãè ªãñ¶ã GIS ¶ããè

‡ãñŠÊããè Öãñ¦ããè. ‚ãÍãã¹ãÆ‡ãŠãÀñ, GIS ¶ããè †‡ãîŠ¥ã Øããñªã½ããâ¹ãõ‡ãŠãè 63 ›‡ã‹‡ãñŠ ‡ãŠ½ããè Øããñªã½ããâÞããè ¦ã¹ããÔã¥ããè ‡ãñŠÊããè

Öãñ¦ããè. ÌãÓãÃ 2008-13 ªÀ½¾ãã¶ã ½ãÖãÀãÓ›È ÍããÔã¶ããÊãã Øããñªã½ããâÞ¾ãã ¦ã¹ããÔã¥ããèãäÌãÓã¾ããèÞãñ †‡ãŠãä¨ã¦ã

ÌãããäÓãÃ‡ãŠ ‚ãÖÌããÊãÖãè ÔããªÀ ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ãã¦ã ‚ããÊãñ ¶ãÌÖ¦ãñ.

ÍããÔã¶ãã¶ãñ ‚ãÔãñ ¶ã½ãîª ‡ãñŠÊãñ (¶ããñÌÖòºãÀ 2013) ‡ãŠãè, ‡ãŠ½ãÃÞãã-¾ããâÞ¾ãã ‡ãŠ½ã¦ãÀ¦ãñ½ãìßñ ‚ã¸ã, ¶ããØãÀãè

¹ãìÀÌãŸã ‚ãããä¥ã ØãÆãÖ‡ãŠ ÔãâÀàã¥ã ãäÌã¼ããØããÞ¾ãã ¹ãÆ£ãã¶ã ÔããäÞãÌããâ¶ããè ªãñ¶ã GIS ¶ããè Øããñªã½ããâÞããè ¦ã¹ããÔã¥ããè

‡ãŠÀ¥¾ããÞããè ãä¶ã£ããÃãäÀ¦ã ÔãâŒ¾ãã ‚ããù‡ã‹›ãñºãÀ 2007 ½ã£¾ãñ Ôãì£ãããäÀ¦ã ‡ãŠÁ¶ã ¦ããè ¹ãÆãä¦ãÌãÓãÃ 100 ƒ¦ã‡ãŠãè

‡ãŠÀ¥¾ããÞãñ ŸÀãäÌãÊãñ. ¹ãì¤ñ ‚ãÔãñÖãè ¶ã½ãîª ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ãã¦ã ‚ããÊãñ ‡ãŠãè, 2008-09 ¦ãñ 2012-13 ªÀ½¾ãã¶ã 1,287

Øããñªã½ããâÞããè ¦ã¹ããÔã¥ããè ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ãã¦ã ‚ããÊããè Öãñ¦ããè.

Öñ „¦¦ãÀ ½ãã¶¾ã ‡ãŠÀ¦ãã ¾ãñ¦ã ¶ããÖãè ‡ãŠãÀ¥ã ½ãñ 2006 Þ¾ãã ½ãÖãÀãÓ›È ÍããÔã¶ããÞ¾ãã ¹ããäÀ¹ã¨ã‡ãŠã¦ããèÊã GIS

¶ãñ ‡ãŠÀãÌã¾ããÞ¾ãã ¦ã¹ããÔã¥¾ããâÞããè ÔãâŒ¾ãã ‡ãŠ½ããè ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ãããäÌãÓã¾ããèÞ¾ãã ªìÁÔ¦ããèÞããè ÜããñÓã¥ãã ‡ãŠÀ¥ããÀñ

¹ããäÀ¹ã¨ã‡ãŠ •ããÀãè ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ãã¦ã ‚ããÊãñ ¶ãÌÖ¦ãñ ¦ãÔãñÞã ¹ãÆ¦¾ãñ‡ãŠ GIS ¶ãñ ¦ã¹ããÔã¥ããè ‡ãŠÀãÌã¾ããÞ¾ãã Øããñªã½ããâÞ¾ãã

ÔãâŒ¾ãñ¦ã Üã› ‡ãñŠÊ¾ãã½ãìßñ Ôãâãä¶ã¾ãâ¨ã¥ããÞããè ¾ãâ¨ã¥ãã ‡ãŠ½ã‡ãŠìÌã¦ã Öãñ¥¾ããÞããè Íã‡ã‹¾ã¦ãã Öãñ¦ããè.

ÊãñŒãã¹ãÀãèàã‡ãŠãâ¶ããè ¹ãì¶ã¹ãÃ¡¦ããß¥ããè ‡ãñŠÊããè ‚ãÔã¦ãã ‚ãÔãñ ‚ãã¤ßî¶ã ‚ããÊãñ ‡ãŠãè ÍããÔã¶ãã¶ãñ •ãÀãè 1287

Øããñªã½ããâÞããè ¦ã¹ããÔã¥ããè ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ãã¦ã ‚ããÊ¾ããÞãã ªãÌãã ‡ãñŠÊãã Öãñ¦ãã ¦ãÀãè ¹ãÆ¦¾ãàãã¦ã ªãñ¶ã GIS ¶ããè ¹ãŠ‡ã‹¦ã

739 Øããñªã½ããâÞããè ¦ã¹ããÔã¥ããè ‡ãñŠÊããè Öãñ¦ããè.

2.2.16.2 ÔÌãÔ¦ã £ããµ»ã ªì‡ãŠãµãñ Ìã Íããè£ãã ·ããä¨ã‡ãŠãâÞããè ‚ã·ã»ããÀ·¦ã / ÔãªãñÓã ¦ã·ããÔã¥ããè

PDS (ãä¶ã¾ãâ¨ã¥ã) ‚ããªñÍã, 2001 Þ¾ãã ¹ããäÀãäÍãÓ›ãÞ¾ãã ¹ããäÀÞœñª 6 ÔãÖ „¹ãÌãã‡ã‹¾ã 8 ¶ãìÔããÀ Àã•¾ã

ÍããÔã¶ãã¶ãñ FPS Þããè ¹ãªããä£ã‡ãŠã-¾ããâ´ãÀñ ãä¶ã¾ããä½ã¦ã¹ã¥ãñ ¦ã¹ããÔã¥ããè Öãñ¦ã ‚ãÔãÊ¾ããÞããè, ½Ö¥ã•ãñÞã, ¹ãÆ¦¾ãñ‡ãŠ

ÔãÖã ½ããäÖ¶¾ããâÞ¾ãã ‡ãŠãÊããÌã£ããè¦ã ‡ãŠ½ããè¦ã ‡ãŠ½ããè †‡ãŠ Ìãñßã Œãã¨ããè ‡ãŠÀãÌã¾ããÞããè Öãñ¦ããè. Àã•¾ã ÍããÔã¶ãã¶ãñ

¦ã¹ããÔã¥ããèÞãñ Ìãñßã¹ã¨ã‡ãŠ ¦ã¹ããÔã¥ããè ©ããâº¾ããÞããè ¾ããªãè ãäÌããä¶ããäªÃÓ› ‡ãŠÀ¥ããÀñ ‚ããªñÍãÖãè •ããÀãè ‡ãŠÀãÌã¾ããÞãñ

Öãñ¦ãñ ‚ãããä¥ã ¦¾ãã½ã£¾ãñ ¾ãã ‚ããªñÍããâÞãñ ‚ã¶ãì¹ããÊã¶ã ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ããÔã •ãºããºãªãÀ ‚ãÔã¥ããÀñ ‚ããä£ã‡ãŠãÀãè ¶ã½ãîª

‡ãŠÀãÌã¾ããÞãñ Öãñ¦ãñ. ¦ãÔãñÞã, FPS Þããè ¦ã¹ããÔã¥ããè ‚ããä£ã‡ãŠ ¹ãÆ¼ããÌããè¹ã¥ãñ Öãñ¥¾ããÔããŸãè ½ãÖãÀãÓ›È ÍããÔã¶ãã¶ãñ

‚ãÔãñÖãè ãä¶ãªóÍã ãäªÊãñ (†ãä¹ãÆÊã 2005) ‡ãŠãè, FPS Þ¾ãã ¦ã¹ããÔã¥ããè ªÀ½¾ãã¶ã ¹ãìÀÌãŸã ãä¶ãÀãèàã‡ãŠãâ¶ããè

Êãã¼ãã©¾ããÃâ¶ãã ºããñÊããÌãî¶ã ‚ã©ãÌãã ¦¾ããâÞ¾ãã ãä¶ãÌããÔãÔ©ãã¶ããâ¶ãã ¼ãñ› ªñ…¶ã ‡ãŠ½ããè¦ã ‡ãŠ½ããè 50

Íããè£ãã¹ããä¨ã‡ãŠãâÞããè ¹ã¡¦ããß¥ããè ‡ãŠÀãÌããè. ¼ããÀ¦ããÞãñ ãä¶ã¾ãâ¨ã‡ãŠ ½ãÖãÊãñŒãã¹ãÀãèàã‡ãŠ ¾ããâÞ¾ãã ½ããÞãÃ 2006

Àãñ•ããè Ôãâ¹ãÊãñÊ¾ãã ÌãÓããÃÔããŸãèÞ¾ãã ‚ãÖÌããÊãã½ã£¾ãñ (¶ããØãÀãè) FPS Þããè ¦ã¹ããÔã¥ããè ‡ãŠ½ããè ÔãâŒ¾ãñ¦ã ¢ããÊ¾ããÞãñ

ãä¶ãªÍãÃ¶ããÔã ‚ãã¥ãî¶ã ªñ¥¾ãã¦ã ‚ããÊãñ Öãñ¦ãñ. ÊãñŒãã¹ãÀãèàã¥ãã¦ã ‚ãÔãñ ãä¶ãªÍãÃ¶ããÔã ‚ããÊãñ ‡ãŠãè FPS Þããè

Ôãã¦ã¦¾ãã¶ãñ ‡ãŠ½ããè ¹ãÆ½ãã¥ãã¦ã ¦ã¹ããÔã¥ããè Öãñ¦ã Öãñ¦ããè, •¾ããÞãã ¦ã¹ãÍããèÊã ŒããÊããèÊã ¹ãÆ½ãã¥ãñ ‚ããÖñ:

•ãã¶ãñÌããÀãè 2008 ¦ãñ ãä¡ÔãòºãÀ 2012 ªÀ½¾ãã¶ã, FPS Þ¾ãã ãä¶ã£ããÃãäÀ¦ã 5.10 Êãàã ¦ã¹ããÔã¥¾ããâ¹ãõ‡ãŠãè

¹ãŠ‡ã‹¦ã 3.11 Êãàã ¦ã¹ããÔã¥¾ãã ãäÌã¼ããØãã‡ãŠ¡î¶ã ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ãã¦ã ‚ããÊ¾ãã Öãñ¦¾ãã, •¾ãã½ãìßñ ¦ã¹ããÔã¥¾ããâ½ã£¾ãñ


58

39.02 ›‡ã‹‡ãñŠ ¦ãî› ¢ããÊããè Öãñ¦ããè. ãäÌã¼ããØãã¶ãñ FPS Þ¾ãã ¦ã¹ããÔã¥¾ããâÞ¾ãã ½ãã£¾ã½ãã¦ãî¶ã FPS Þ¾ãã

½ããÊã‡ãŠãâ‡ãŠ¡î¶ã ÌãñØãÌãñØãß¾ãã ¨ãì›ãèâãä¹ãÆ¦¾ã©ãÃ ` 5.37 ‡ãŠãñ›ãè †Ìã¤ãè À‡ã‹‡ãŠ½ã ªâ¡ãÞ¾ãã Á¹ãã¦ã •ã½ãã

‡ãñŠÊããè Öãñ¦ããè (•ãã¶ãñÌããÀãè 2008 ¦ãñ ½ããÞãÃ 2013), ¾ãã ÌãÔ¦ãîãäÔ©ã¦ããèÌãÁ¶ã Öñ Ô¹ãÓ›¹ã¥ãñ ãäªÔãî¶ã ¾ãñ¦ãñ

‡ãŠãè ãä¶ã£ããÃãäÀ¦ã ÔãâŒ¾ãñ¦ã ¦ã¹ããÔã¥¾ãã Öãñ¥¾ããÞããè Œãã¨ããè ‡ãŠÀ¥ãñ ãäÌã¼ããØããÔããŸãè ‚ã¦¾ããÌãÍ¾ã‡ãŠ Öãñ¦ãñ.

ÊãñŒãã¹ããäÀàã¥ãã¦ã ¹ãì¤ñ ‚ãÔãñÖãè ‚ãã¤ßî¶ã ‚ããÊãñ ‡ãŠãè ãäÌã¼ããØãã¶ãñ ¦ã¹ããÔã¥ããè ‡ãñŠÊãñÊ¾ãã †‡ãîŠ¥ã FPS

¹ãõ‡ãŠãè ‚ã¶ãì‰ãŠ½ãñ ¹ãÀ¼ã¥ããè ¾ãñ©ããèÊã 91 ›‡ã‹‡ãñŠ, ‚ããõÀâØããºããª ¾ãñ©ããèÊã 55.17 ›‡ã‹‡ãñŠ ‚ãããä¥ã ÔããñÊãã¹ãîÀ

ãä•ãÊÖ¿ãã¦ããèÊã 53.73 ›‡ã‹‡ãñŠ FPS ½ã£¾ãñ ¨ãì›ãè ãä¶ãªÍãÃ¶ããÔã ‚ããÊ¾ãã Öãñ¦¾ãã.

ÞããÞã¥ããè ¦ã¹ããÔã¥ããè ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ãã¦ã ‚ããÊãñÊ¾ãã 11 ‡ãŠã¾ããÃÊã¾ããâ½ã£¾ãñ FPS Þ¾ãã ¦ã¹ããÔã¥¾ããâÞ¾ãã

ÔãâŒ¾ãñ¦ããèÊã ¦ãî› †‡ãŠ ›‡ã‹‡ãŠã (½ãìâºãƒÃ Íããè£ããÌãã›¹ã àãñ¨ã 2011) ¦ãñ 79 ›‡ã‹‡ãñŠ (DSO ¹ãì¥ãñ 2008) ¾ãã

ªÀ½¾ãã¶ã Öãñ¦ããè.

ÞããÞã¥ããè ¦ã¹ããÔã¥ããè ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ãã¦ã ‚ããÊãñÊ¾ãã †‡ãŠãÖãè ‡ãŠã¾ããÃÊã¾ãã¦ã 50 Íããè£ãã¹ããä¨ã‡ãŠãâÞããè ¹ã¡¦ããß¥ããè

‡ãŠÀ¥¾ããÞãñ ãä¶ã£ããÃãäÀ¦ã Êãà¾ã ‚ãÔãî¶ãÖãè ¦ããè ‡ãñŠÊããè ØãñÊããè ¶ãÌÖ¦ããè.¦ããè¶ã ‡ãŠã¾ããÃÊã¾ããâ¶ããè

49

Íããè£ãã¹ããä¨ã‡ãŠãâÞããè ¹ã¡¦ããß¥ããè ‡ãñŠÊããè ‚ãÔãÊ¾ããÞãã ªãÌãã ‡ãñŠÊãã, ¹ãÀâ¦ãì ¦¾ããÞ¾ãã ¹ãìÓ›¿ã©ãÃ ¦ãñ †‡ãŠÖãè

¹ãìÀãÌããªãŒãÊã ªÔ¦ã†ñÌã•ã ÊãñŒãã¹ãÀãèàã‡ãŠãâ¶ãã ÔããªÀ ‡ãŠÁ Íã‡ãŠÊãñ ¶ããÖãè¦ã.

ÍããÔã¶ãã¶ãñ ‚ãÔãñ ¹ãÆãä¦ã¹ããª¶ã ‡ãñŠÊãñ (¶ããñÌÖâñºãÀ 2013) ‡ãŠãè ãäÌãÖãè¦ã ÔãâŒ¾ãñ¦ã FPS Þããè ¦ã¹ããÔã¥ããè ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ãã¦ã

•¾ãã ‚ããä£ã‡ãŠã-¾ããâ¶ãã ‚ã¹ã¾ãÍã ‚ããÊãñ Öãñ¦ãñ ¦¾ããâÞ¾ãã ãäÌãÁ® ÍããèÔ¦ã¼ãâØããÞããè ‡ãŠãÀÌããƒÃ ÔãìÁ

‡ãŠÀ¥¾ãããäÌãÓã¾ããè ãä•ãÊÖããä£ã‡ãŠã-¾ããâ¶ãã ÌãñßãñÌãñßãè ÔãîÞã¶ãã ªñ¥¾ãã¦ã ‚ããÊ¾ãã ‚ããÖñ¦ã. ¹ãÀâ¦ãì

ÊãñŒãã¹ãÀãèàã¥ãã¦ã ‚ãÔãñ ‚ãã¤ßî¶ã ‚ããÊãñ ‡ãŠãè, ÞããÞã¥ããè ¦ã¹ããÔã¥ããè ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ãã¦ã ‚ããÊãñÊ¾ãã ‡ãŠã¾ããÃÊã¾ãã¦ããèÊã

‚ããä£ã‡ãŠã-¾ããâ¶ããè ãä¶ã£ããÃãäÀ¦ã ÔãâŒ¾ãñ¦ã ¦ã¹ããÔã¥¾ãã ‡ãñŠÊ¾ãã ¶ãÔãî¶ãÖãè ¦¾ããâÞ¾ãã ãäÌãÁ® ÍããèÔ¦ã¼ãâØããÞããè

‡ãŠãñ¥ã¦ããèÖãè ‡ãŠã¾ãÃÌããÖãè ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ãã¦ã ‚ããÊããè ¶ãÌÖ¦ããè.

2.2.16.3 ªàã¦ãã Ôããäºã¦»ããâÞãñ ‡ãŠºããè ÔãâŒ»ãñ¦ã ØãŸµã ‡ãŠ½¥ãñ

PDS (ãä¶ã¾ãâ¨ã¥ã) ‚ããªñÍã, 2001 ‚ãããä¥ã •ãã¶ãñÌããÀãè 2008 Þ¾ãã ÍããÔã¶ã ãä¶ã¥ãÃ¾ãã¶ãìÔããÀ PDS ‚ãâ¦ãØãÃ¦ã

ÌãÔ¦ãîâÞ¾ãã ãäÌã¦ãÀ¥ããÌãÀ Ôãâãä¶ã¾ãâ¨ã¥ã ŸñÌã¥¾ããÔããŸãè ØããÌã/ FPS ¦ããÊãì‡ãŠã, ãä•ãÊÖã, ¶ãØãÀ¹ããäÀÓãª,

½ãÖã¹ãããäÊã‡ãŠã ‚ãããä¥ã Àã•¾ã ¹ãã¦ãßãèÌãÀ ªàã¦ãã Ôããä½ã¦¾ãã ØãŸãè¦ã (VC) ‡ãŠÀã¾ãÞ¾ãã Öãñ¦¾ãã. ‚ã¸ã£ãã¶¾ããÞãñ

Ìãã›¹ã, „ÞãÊã ‚ãããä¥ã ãäÌã¦ãÀ¥ã ¾ããÌãÀ Ôãâãä¶ã¾ãâ¨ã¥ã ŸñÌã¥ãñ, ‚ã¸ã£ãã¶¾ããÞããè Øãì¥ãÌã¦¦ãã ¦ã¹ããÔã¥ãñ FPS Þ¾ãã

‚ããä¼ãÊãñŒãâãÞããè ¦ã¹ããÔã¥ããè ‚ãããä¥ã Íããè£ãã¹ããä¨ã‡ãŠã £ããÀ‡ãŠãâ¶ããè ‡ãñŠÊãñÊ¾ãã ¦ã‰ãŠãÀãèãäÌãÓã¾ããèÞãã ‚ãÖÌããÊã ÔããªÀ

‡ãŠÀ¥ãñ ¾ããâÞãã Ôã½ããÌãñÍã VCs Þ¾ãã ‡ãŠã¾ããÃ¦ã Öãñ¦ããñ. Àã•¾ã ¹ãã¦ãßãè ÌãØãß¦ãã ƒ¦ãÀ ÔãÌãÃ ¹ãã¦ãß¿ããâÌãÀ VCs

Þããè ¹ãÆ¦¾ãñ‡ãŠ ½ããäÖ¶¾ãã¦ã ãä‡ãŠ½ãã¶ã †‡ãŠªã Ìã Àã•¾ã ¹ãã¦ãßãèÌãÀ ¹ãÆ¦¾ãñ‡ãŠ ªãñ¶ã ½ããäÖ¶¾ããâÞ¾ãã ‡ãŠãÊããÌã£ããè¦ã

†‡ãŠªã ºãõŸ‡ãŠ Üãñ¥ãñ ‚ããÌãÍ¾ã‡ãŠ Öãñ¦ãñ.

ØãŸãè¦ã ‡ãŠÀãÌã¾ããÞ¾ãã, ¹ãÆ¦¾ãàã ØãŸãè¦ã ‡ãñŠÊãñÊ¾ãã VCs ‚ãããä¥ã VC ØãŸ¶ã ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ãã¦ããèÊã ¦ãî› ¾ããâÞãã

¦ã¹ããäÍãÊã ¦ã‡ã‹¦ãã 6 ½ã£¾ãñ ªÍãÃãäÌãÊãã ‚ããÖñ.

49¹ãìì¥ãñ ‚ãããä¥ã ÔããñÊãã¹ãîÀ ¾ãñ©ããèÊã DSO, ¹ãì¥ãñ ¾ãñ©ããèÊã FDO


59

¦ã‡ã‹¦ãã 6 : ªàã¦ãã Ôããäºã¦»ãã ØãŸµã ‡ãŠ½¥»ãã¦ããèÊã ¦ãî›

¹ãã¦ãßãè

ªàã¦ãã Ôããäºã¦»ããâÞããè ÔãâŒ»ãã

ØãŸãè¦ã

‡ãŠ½ãÌã»ããÞ»ãã

·ãÃ¦»ãàãã¦ã ØãŸãè¦ã

‡ãñŠÊãñÊ»ãã

¦ãî› ¦ãî›ãèÞããè ›‡ã‹‡ãñŠÌãã½ãè

ØããÌã/FPS 43924 31650 12274 27.94

¦ããÊãì‡ãŠã 351 326 25 7.12

½ãÖã¹ãããäÊã‡ãŠã 77 74 3 3.90

¶ãØãÀ¹ããäÀÓãª 221 186 35 15.84

(Ô¨ããñ¦ã : ãäÌã¼ããØãã¶ãñ ÔããªÀ ‡ãñŠÊãñÊããè ½ãããäÖ¦ããè)

ÌãÀãèÊã ¦ã‡ã‹¦¾ããÌãÁ¶ã ‚ãÔãñ ãäªÔãî¶ã ¾ãñ¦ãñ ‡ãŠãè ½ããÞãÃ 2013 ¹ã¾ãÃ â¦ã VC Þãñ ØãŸ¶ã ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ãã¦ã Àã•¾ãã¦ã ØããÌã

¹ãã¦ãßãèÌãÀ 12,274 ¦ããÊãì‡ãŠã ¹ãã¦ãßãèÌãÀ 25 ‚ãããä¥ã ½ãÖã¹ãããäÊã‡ãŠã Ìã ¶ãØãÀ¹ããäÀÓãª ¹ãã¦ãßãèÌãÀ 38 ƒ¦ã‡ãŠãè

¦ãî› Öãñ¦ããè.

¦ãÔãñÞã VCs ¶ããè ãä¶ã¾ããä½ã¦ã¹ã¥ãñ ½ãããäÔã‡ãŠ ºãõŸ‡ãŠãÖãè Üãñ¦ãÊ¾ãã ¶ãÌÖ¦¾ãã ‚ãããä¥ã 2011-13 ½ã£ããèÊã ºãõŸ‡ãŠã

Üãñ¥¾ãã¦ããèÊã Öãè ¦ãî› 29 ›‡ã‹‡ãñŠ ¦ãñ 70 ›‡ã‹‡ãñŠ ¾ãã ªÀ½¾ãã¶ã Öãñ¦ããè. ¦¾ããÞã¹ãÆ½ãã¥ãñ, 2008-13 ªÀ½¾ãã¶ã

Àã•¾ã Ô¦ãÀãè¾ã VCs Þ¾ãã Ü¾ããÌã¾ããÞ¾ãã 30 ºãõŸ‡ãŠãâ¹ãõ‡ãŠãè ¹ãŠ‡ã‹¦ã ÞããÀÞã ºãõŸ‡ãŠã Üãñ¥¾ãã¦ã ‚ããÊ¾ãã Öãñ¦¾ãã.

Êãã¼ãã©¾ããÃÞ¾ãã ÔãÌãóàã¥ããÞ¾ãã Ìãñßãè 95 ›‡ã‹‡ãñŠ Êãã¼ãã©¾ããÄ¶ããè VCs ãäÌãÓã¾ããè ¦ãñ ‚ã¶ããä¼ã—ã ‚ãÔãÊ¾ããÞãñ

ÔããâãäØã¦ãÊãñ.

ÌãñØãÌãñØãß¾ãã ¹ãã¦ãß¿ããâÌãÀ VCs Þãñ ØãŸ¶ã ¶ã ‡ãŠÀ¥ãñ ãä¶ã¾ã¦ã‡ãŠããäÊã‡ãŠ ºãõŸ‡ãŠã ¶ã Üãñ¥ãñ ‚ãããä¥ã VCs ãäÌãÓã¾ããè

Êãã¼ãã©ããê ‚ã¶ããä¼ã—ã ‚ãÔã¥ãñ ¾ããÌãÁ¶ã ¾ããñ•ã¶ãñÞãñ ÔãªãñÓã Ôãâãä¶ã¾ãâ¨ã¥ã ªÍãÃãäÌãÊãñ ØãñÊãñ.

ÍããÔã¶ãã¶ãñ ÔããâãäØã¦ãÊãñ ¶ããñÌÖñâºãÀ 2013 ‡ãŠãè ÌãñØãÌãñØãß¾ãã ¹ãã¦ãß¾ããâÌãÀ VCs ½ã£¾ãñ ‚ãÍããÔã‡ãŠãè¾ã ÔãªÔ¾ã

ãä¶ã¾ãì‡ã‹¦ã ‡ãŠÀ¥ãñ Öãè ÌãñßŒãã… ¹ãÆãä‰ãŠ¾ãã Öãñ¦ããè. ÍããÔã¶ãã¶ãñ ¹ãì¤ñ ‚ãÔãñ ÔããâãäØã¦ãÊãñ ‡ãŠãè •¾ãã ÔãªÔ¾ã

ÔããäÞãÌããâ¶ããè VCs Þ¾ãã ºãõŸ‡ãŠã ‚ãã¾ããñãä•ã¦ã ‡ãñŠÊ¾ãã ¶ãÌÖ¦¾ãã ¦¾ããâÞ¾ãã ãäÌãÁ® ‡ãŠãÀÌããƒÃ ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ããÞ¾ãã

ÔãîÞã¶ãã ãä•ãÊÖããä£ã‡ãŠã-¾ããâ¶ãã ªñ¥¾ãã¦ã ‚ããÊ¾ãã Öãñ¦¾ãã. ¦¾ããâ¶ããè ¹ãì¤ñ ‚ãÔãñÖãè ÔããâãäØã¦ãÊãñ ‡ãŠãè ¹ãÆ¦¾ãñ‡ãŠ

Êããñ‡ãŠÍããÖãè ãäª¶ããÔã

50

VC Þ¾ãã ºãõŸ‡ãŠã Ü¾ããÌ¾ãã ‚ãããä¥ã ¦¾ããÊãã •ããÖãèÀ ¹ãÆãäÔã£ªãè ª¿ããÌããè ‚ãÍãã ÔãîÞã¶ãã

ªñ¥¾ãã¦ã ‚ããÊ¾ãã ‚ããÖñ¦ã.

2.2.16.4 TPDS Þãñ ÔãâØã¥ã‡ãŠãè‡ãŠ½¥ã

TPDS Þ¾ãã ÔãâØã¥ã‡ãŠãè‡ãŠÀ¥ããÔããŸãè ãäÌã¼ããØãã¶ãñ ½ãñÔãÔãÃ 3i ƒ¶¹ãŠãñ›ñ‡ãŠ ãäÊããä½ã›ñ¡ ¾ããâÞããè ÔãÊÊããØããÀ ½Ö¥ãî¶ã

ãä¶ã¾ãì‡ã‹¦ããè ‡ãñŠÊããè (½ããÞãÃ 2006)û ` 24.26 Êãàã ½ããñºãªÊ¾ããÔã Öñ ‡ãŠã½ã ãäªÊãñ ØãñÊãñ ‚ãããä¥ã ¾ãã

‡ãŠã½ãã½ã£¾ãñ ‚ã¼¾ããÔã Ìã ‚ããÌãÍ¾ã‡ãŠ ½ãããäÖ¦ããè ÖÔ¦ãØã¦ã ‡ãŠÀ¥ãñ, ãä¶ããäÌãªã ¹ãÆãä‰ãŠ¾ãñÞãñ Ì¾ãÌãÔ©ãã¹ã¶ã,

Ôã½ã¶Ìã¾ã, ‚ãâ½ãÊãºã•ããÌã¥ããèÌãÀãèÊã Ôãâãä¶ã¾ãâ¨ã¥ã ¦ãÔãñÞã ¹ãÆãäÍãàã¥ã ¾ããÞãã Ôã½ããÌãñÍã Öãñ¦ãã. ‡ãŠã½ããÞ¾ãã

¹ãî¥ãÃ¦ÌããÞ¾ãã ›¹¹¾ãã¶ãìÔããÀ ÔãÊÊããØããÀãÊãã À‡ã‹‡ãŠ½ã ¹ãÆªã¶ã ‡ãŠÀã¾ãÞããè Öãñ¦ããè. ÔãÊÊããØããÀã¶ãñ ½ããØã¥ããè

‡ãñŠÊãñÊ¾ãã ` 10.92 Êãàã À‡ã‹‡ãŠ½ãñ¹ãõ‡ãŠãè ãäÌã¼ããØãã¶ãñ ` Ôãã¦ã ÊãàããÞãñ ¹ãÆªã¶ã ‡ãñŠÊãñ (‚ããù‡ã‹›ãñºãÀ 2008)û

¹ãã¾ãã¼ãî¦ã ÔãìãäÌã£ãã ¹ãÆÔ©ãããä¹ã¦ã ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ããÔããŸãè ‡ãìŠ›ìâºã ¹ãÆ½ãìŒããÞãñ œã¾ãããäÞã¨ã ¦ãÔãñÞã Ìãõ¾ããä‡ã‹¦ã‡ãŠ

‚ããñßŒããèÔããŸãè ºããÀ‡ãŠãñ¡ ‚ãããä¥ã ÖãñÊããñØãÆã½ã, ‡ãìŠ›ìâºãã¦ããèÊã ÔãÌãÃ ÔãªÔ¾ããâÞãñ Öã¦ããÞãñ ŸÔãñ ¾ããâÞããè

ÔãâØã¥ã‡ãŠãè‡ãðŠ¦ã ½ãããäÖ¦ããè Þããè ¶ããòª Üãñ¦ãã ¾ãñƒÃÊã. ÔãâØã¥ã‡ãŠ Ôããù¹›Ìãñ‚ãÀ ãäÌã‡ãŠãäÔã¦ã ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ããÔããŸãè ÔãÌãÃ

50¦ããÊãì‡ãŠã/ãä•ãÊÖããä£ã‡ãŠãÀãè/¶ãØãÀ¹ãããäÊã‡ãŠã ‚ãã¾ãì‡ã‹¦ã/ ãäÌã¼ããØããè¾ã ‚ãã¾ãì‡ã‹¦ã/ ½ãâ¨ããÊã¾ã ¹ãã¦ãßãèÌãÀ •ããñ ãäªÌãÔã •ã¶ã¦ãñÞ¾ãã ¦ã‰ãŠãÀãè

Ôããñ¡ãäÌã¥¾ããÔããŸãè ŸñÌãÊãñÊãã ‚ãÔã¦ããñ


60

FPS ¶ãã ÖÔ¦ãÞããäÊã¦ã ¾ãâ¨ããÞãã

51

¹ãìÀÌãŸã ‡ãŠÀ¥ãñ, ÊãñŒããâ‡ãŠ¶ããÔããŸãè ¦ããÊãì‡ãŠã Ìã Øããñªã½ããÞ¾ãã ãäŸ‡ãŠã¥ããè

ÔãâØã¥ã‡ãŠãâÞããè Ì¾ãÌãÔ©ãã ‡ãŠÀ¥ãñ ƒ¦¾ããªãèÔããŸãè ãä¶ããäÌãªã ½ããØãÌã¥¾ãã¦ã ‚ããÊ¾ãã (•ãî¶ã 2007).

Íããè£ãã¹ããä¨ã‡ãŠã •ããÀãè ‡ãŠÀ¦ãã¶ãã/¹ãì¶Öã •ããÀãè ‡ãŠÀ¦ããâ¶ãã ¦ãÔãñÞã ƒ¦ãÀ ÔãñÌããâ‡ãŠÀãè¦ãã Íããè£ãã¹ããä̈ ã‡ãŠã

£ããÀ‡ãŠãâ‡ãŠ¡î¶ã ÍãìÊ‡ãŠ ÌãÔãîÊã ‡ãŠÁ¶ã ¦¾ãã´ãÀñ Öã ŒãÞãÃ ÌãÔãîÊã ‡ãŠÀã¾ãÞãã Öãñ¦ãã.

ºããâ£ãã, Ìãã¹ãÀã, ½ããÊã‡ãŠãè ¹ãÆã¹¦ã ‡ãŠÀã Ìã ÖÔ¦ããâ¦ãÀãè¦ã ‡ãŠÀã (BOOT) ¾ãã ¦ã¦ÌããÌãÀ ÔãÌãÃÔã½ããÌãñÍã‡ãŠ ÔãñÌãã

¹ãìÀÌãŸãªãÀ ½Ö¥ãî¶ã ` 124.98 ‡ãŠãñ›ãèÞããè ºããñÊããè ÔããªÀ ‡ãñŠÊãñÊ¾ãã ½ãñ. Ô¹ãù¶ã‡ãŠãñ ›ñãäÊããäÔããäÔ›½ã

ÔããñÊ¾ãìÍã¶ã ãäÊããä½ã›ñ¡ (STSL) ¾ããâÞãã ¹ãÆÔ¦ããÌã ¶¾ãî¶ã¦ã½ã ‚ãÔãÊ¾ããÞãñ ‚ãã¤ßÊãñ. ‡ãâŠ¨ãã› ªñ¥¾ãããäÌãÓã¾ããèÞãã

¹ãÆÔ¦ããÌã ¹ãÆ£ãã¶ã ÔããäÞãÌããâ‡ãŠ¡ñ (ãäÌã¦¦ããè¾ã Ôãì£ããÀ¥ãã) ½ãâ•ãìÀãèÔããŸãè ¹ããŸÌã¥¾ãã¦ã ‚ããÊãã •¾ããâ¶ããè ãä¶ããäÌãªñ¦ã

¦ãÀ¦ãîª ‡ãñŠÊãñÊ¾ãã ºããÀ‡ãŠãñ¡ ¹ã®¦ããè †ñÌã•ããè Ô½ãã›Ã ‡ãŠã¡Ã ¦ãâ¨ããÞãã Ìãã¹ãÀ ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ãããäÌãÓã¾ããè ãäÍã¹ãŠãÀÔã

‡ãñŠÊããè. Ô½ãã›Ã ‡ãŠã¡Ã ¦ãâ¨ããÞãã Ôã½ããÌãñÍã ‚ãÔãÊãñÊããè ¾ããñ•ã¶ãã ‡ãŠã¾ããÃãä¶Ìã¦ã ‡ãŠÀ¥ãñ ŒããäÞãÃ‡ãŠ ‚ãÔãÊ¾ãã¶ãñ

¹ãÆ£ãã¶ã ÔããäÞãÌã (ãäÌã¦¦ããè¾ã Ôãì£ããÀ¥ãã) ¾ããâÞããè ãäÍã¹ãŠãÀÔã „ÞÞãããä£ã‡ãŠãÀ Ôããä½ã¦ããè¶ãñ ½ãã¶¾ã ‡ãñŠÊããè ¶ããÖãè

(¹ãñŠºãÆìÌããÀãè 2008)û ‡ãŠãÊããâ¦ãÀã¶ãñ STSL ºãÀãñºãÀ ` 124.98 ‡ãŠãñ›ãèÞãã Ôã¹›òºãÀ 2011 ¹ã¾ãÃâ¦ãÞ¾ãã

‡ãŠãÊããÌã£ããèÔããŸãè ¦ããè¶ã ÌãÓããÄÞãã ‡ãŠÀãÀ ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ãã¦ã ‚ããÊãã (Ôã¹›òºãÀ 2008) •ããñ Ôãâ¹ãÊ¾ããÌãÀ ½ã¦¦ãã

ãäÌã¼ããØãã‡ãŠ¡ñ ÖÔ¦ããâ¦ãÀãè¦ã ‡ãŠÀã¾ãÞããè Öãñ¦ããè.

ºãã¾ããñ½ãñãä›È‡ãŠ ¹ã£ª¦ã ŒããäÞãÃ‡ãŠ ‚ãÔãî¶ãÖãè •ããÔ¦ã ¹ããäÀ¥ãã½ã‡ãŠãÀ‡ãŠ ‚ãÔãÊ¾ããÞãñ ãä¶ãªÍãÃ¶ããÔã ‚ããÊ¾ãã¶ãñ

¹ãñŠºãÆìÌããÀãè 2009 ½ã£¾ãñ ãäÌã¼ããØãã¶ãñ ‡ãŠã½ããÞ¾ãã Ì¾ãã¹¦ããèÞãñ ¹ãì¶ããäÌãÃÊããñ‡ãŠ¶ã ‡ãñŠÊ¾ããÞãñ ÊãñŒãã¹ããäÀàã¥ããâ¦ã

‚ãã¤ßî¶ã ‚ããÊãñ ‚ãããä¥ã ‚ãÍãã¹ãÆ‡ãŠãÀñ ‡ãŠÀãÀ ‡ãñŠÊ¾ããÌãÀ ÞããÀ ½ããäÖ¶¾ããâÞ¾ãã ‚ãã¦ã ãäÌã¼ããØãã¶ãñ ºããÀ‡ãŠãñ¡

¹ã£ª¦ããè†ñÌã•ããè ºãã¾ããñ½ãñ›Èãè‡ãŠ ¦ãâ¨ããÞãã ‚ãÌãÊãâºã ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ããÔããŸãè ‡ãŠã½ããÞ¾ãã Ì¾ãã¹¦ããè½ã£¾ãñ ºãªÊã

‡ãŠÀ¥¾ããÔããŸãè

52

STSL Êãã ãäÌã¶ãâ¦ããè ‡ãñŠÊããè. STSL ¶ãñ ‡ãŠã½ããÞ¾ãã Ì¾ãã¹¦ããè¦ã ºãªÊã ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ããÔã ¶ã‡ãŠãÀ

ãäªÊ¾ããÌãÀ (‚ããùØãÔ› 2009), ãäÌã¼ããØãã¶ãñ ‡ãâŠ¹ã¶ããèÊãã ‡ãŠÀãÀ Ôã½ãã¹¦ããèÞããè ¶ããñ›ãèÔã ‚ãŒãñÀ •ããÀãè ‡ãñŠÊããè

(ãä¡ÔãñâºãÀ 2010).ãäÌã¼ããØããÞ¾ãã ¾ãã ãä¶ãªÍãÃ¶ããÔã STSL ¶ãñ ãäÌãÀãñ£ã ªÍãÃãäÌãÊãã (‚ããù‡ã‹›ãñºãÀ 2011) ‚ãããä¥ã

ÔãªÀ ¹ãÆ‡ãŠÀ¥ã ªãñ¶ã ÌãÓããÃâ¹ãñàãã •ããÔ¦ã ‡ãŠãß ÊãÌããªã‡ãŠ¡ñ (¹ãÆ£ãã¶ã ÔããäÞãÌã, ‚ã¸ã, ¶ããØãÀãè ¹ãìÀÌãŸã ‚ãããä¥ã

ØãÆãÖ‡ãŠ ÔãâÀàã¥ã ãäÌã¼ããØã) ¹ãÆÊãâãäºã¦ã ‚ããÖñ (•ãã¶ãñÌããÀãè 2014).

ÍããÔã¶ãã¶ãñ ¾ããÌãÀ ‚ãÔãñ ÔããâãäØã¦ãÊãñ ‡ãŠãè (•ãã¶ãñÌããÀãè 2014), ÔãªÀ ¾ããñ•ã¶ãñÞãñ ¹ãì¶ããäÌãÃÊããñ‡ãŠ¶ã ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ãã¦ã

‚ããÊãñ Öãñ¦ãñ ‚ãããä¥ã ºãã¾ããñ½ãñ›Èãè‡ãŠ ¹ã£ª¦ã ŒããäÞãÃ‡ãŠ ‚ãÔãî¶ãÖãè •ããÔ¦ã ¹ããäÀ¥ãã½ã‡ãŠãÀ‡ãŠ ‚ãÔãÊ¾ããÞãñ ‚ãã¤ßî¶ã

‚ããÊãñ Öãñ¦ãñ ‚ãããä¥ã ¾ããÌãÀ ¦ã—ã Ôããä½ã¦ããè

53

¶ãñ (•ãìÊãõ 2009 ½ã£¾ãñ) ãäÍã‡ã‹‡ãŠã½ããñ¦ãÃºã ‡ãñŠÊãñ Öãñ¦ãñû

‚ãÍãã¹ãÆ‡ãŠãÀñ, ¹ãÆãÀâ¼ããè ãäÌã¦¦ã ãäÌã¼ããØããÞ¾ãã ¾ããÌãÀãèÊã ½ã¦ããÔã •ãÀãè ÔãÖ½ã¦ããè ªÍãÃãäÌã¥¾ãã¦ã ‚ããÊããè ¶ãÌÖ¦ããè

¦ãÀãè ÍãñÌã›ãè ¦¾ããÔã ½ãã¶¾ã¦ãã ªñ¥¾ãã¦ã ‚ããÊããè.

¹ãÆ£ãã¶ã ÔããäÞãÌããâ¶ããè (ãäÌã¦¦ããè¾ã Ôãì£ããÀ¥ãã) ¹ãÆ©ã½ã ºãã¾ããñ½ãñ›Èãè‡ãŠ Íããè£ãã¹ããä¨ã‡ãŠãâÔããŸãè ‡ãñŠÊãñÊããè ãäÍã¹ãŠãÀÔã

¹ãñŠºãÆìÌããÀãè 2008 ½ã£¾ãñ ½ãã¶¾ã ¶ã ‡ãŠÀ¥ãñ ‚ãããä¥ã ¦¾ãã¶ãâ¦ãÀ ¦ããèÞã ãäÍã¹ãŠãÀÔã ¹ãŠñºãÆìÌããÀãè 2009 ½ã£¾ãñ

½Ö¥ã•ãñÞã ‡ãŠÀãÀ ‡ãñŠÊ¾ãã¶ãâ¦ãÀ ÞããÀ ½ããäÖ¶¾ããâ¶ããè ½ãã¶¾ã ‡ãŠÀ¥ãñ ¾ãã½ãìßñ ¹ãŠ‡ã‹¦ã ‡ãŠÀãÀ Àªáª ‡ãŠÀãÌãã

ÊããØãÊãã ‚ãÔãñ ¶ããÖãè ¦ãÀ ¹ãÆ‡ãŠÀ¥ã ÊãÌããªã‡ãŠ¡ñ ØãñÊãñ •ãñ ªãñ¶ã ÌãÓããÃ¹ããÔãî¶ã ¹ãÆÊãâãäºã¦ã ‚ããÖñ. TPDS Þãñ

51ÖÔ¦ãÞããäÊã¦ã ¾ãâ¨ã •ãñ ãäÍã£ãã¹ããä¨ã‡ãŠã£ããÀ‡ãŠãâ¶ãã ãäÌã‡ãŠÊãñÊ¾ãã Ôãã½ãã¶ããâÞãñ ºããÀ ‡ãŠãñ¡ ÌããÞã¥¾ããÔããŸãè Ìãã¹ãÀÊãñ •ãã¦ãñ

52‡ãŠã½ããÞ¾ãã Ì¾ãã¹¦ããè½ã£¾ãñ ‡ãñŠÊãñÊãã ºãªÊã ½ãñ 2009 ½ã£¾ãñ HPC ¶ãñ ½ãã¶¾ã ‡ãñŠÊãã Öãñ¦ãã

53BOOT ‡ãŠÀãÀã¦ã ÒÓ›ãè Ôã½ããñÀ ŸñÌãÊãñÊãñ ºããÀ ‡ãŠãñ¡ ¦ãâ¨ã—ãã¶ã ‡ãŠãÊãºããÖ¿ã ¢ããÊ¾ãã½ãìßñ ¦ãñ Êãã¼ãã©¾ããÄ¶ãã ‚ããñßŒã¥¾ããÔããŸãè ‚ãããä¥ã

‚ããä£ã¹ãÆ½ãããä¥ã¦ã ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ããÔããŸãè ãä¶ãªãóÓã ¶ãÔãÊ¾ãã½ãìßñ ÌãÓãÃ 2009 ½ã£¾ãñ, STSL Êãã ãäªÊãñÊ¾ãã ‡ãŠã½ããÞãñ ¹ãì¶ããäÌãÃÊããñ‡ãŠ¶ã ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ããÔããŸãè †‡ãŠ

¦ã—ã Ôããä½ã¦ããè ¶ãñ½ã¥¾ãã¦ã ‚ããÊããè Öãñ¦ããè


61

ÔãâØã¥ã‡ãŠãè‡ãŠÀ¥ã •ãñ Ôã¹›òºãÀ 2011 ¹ã¾ãÃ â¦ã ¹ãî¥ãÃ Öãñ¥ãñ ‚ã¹ãñãäàã¦ã Öãñ¦ãñ ¦ãñ ‚ã•ãî¶ãÖãè Ôãã£¾ã ¢ããÊãñÊãñ ¶ããÖãè

(•ãã¶ãñÌããÀãè 2014).

ÊãñŒãã¹ãÀãèàã¥ãã¦ã ¹ãì¤ñ ‚ãÔãñÖãè ‚ãã¤ßî¶ã ‚ããÊãñ ‡ãŠãè ½ãÖãÀãÓ›È ÍããÔã¶ãã¶ãñ TPDS Þãñ Ôãâ¹ãî¥ãÃ

ÔãâØã¥ã‡ãŠãè‡ãŠÀ¥ã ¾ãã ¾ããñ•ã¶ããâ¦ãØãÃ¦ã ¾ããñ•ã¶ãñŒããÊããè ` 102.77 ‡ãŠãñ›ãè ŒãÞããÃÞãã †‡ãŠ ¹ãÆÔ¦ããÌã ‡ãòŠ³

ÍããÔã¶ããÊãã ÔããªÀ ‡ãñŠÊãã Öãñ¦ãã (ãä¡ÔãòºãÀ 2011), •ããñ ŒãÞãÃ Àã•¾ã ÍããÔã¶ã ‚ãããä¥ã ‡ãòŠ³ ÍããÔã¶ãã¶ãñ

ÔããÀŒ¾ãã ¹ãÆ½ãã¥ãã¦ã ãäÌã¼ããØãî¶ã ‡ãŠÀã¾ãÞãã Öãñ¦ãã. ½ãÖãÀãÓ›È ÍããÔã¶ãã¶ãñ ¹ãÆ‡ãŠÊ¹ããÌãÀãèÊã ŒãÞãÃ Ôãì£ããÁ¶ã ¦ããñ

` 74.88 ‡ãŠãñ›ãè ãä¶ã£ããÃãäÀ¦ã ‡ãñŠÊãã (•ãî¶ã 2013). ‡ãŠã½ããÞ¾ãã Ì¾ãã¹¦ããè½ã£¾ãñ Ôããù¹ã‹›Ìãñ‚ãÀ ¦ã¾ããÀ ‡ãŠÀ¥ãñ,

½ãããäÖ¦ããè ‡ãñŠ³ãâÞããè ãä¶ããä½ãÃ¦ããè, ½ãããäÖ¦ããè ‚ãã‡ãŠ¡ñÌããÀãèÞ¾ãã ÔÌãÁ¹ãã¦ã ½ããâ¡¥ãñ ƒ¦¾ããªãèÞãã Ôã½ããÌãñÍã Öãñ¦ãã.

½ãÖãÀãÓ›È ÍããÔã¶ã Ìã ‡ãòŠ³ ÍããÔã¶ãã½ã£ããèÊã Ôãã½ãâ•ãÔ¾ã ‡ãŠÀãÀã¶ãìÔããÀ Êãã¼ãã©¾ããÃâÞããè Ìã ƒ¦ãÀ ½ãããäÖ¦ããèÞããè

‚ãã‡ãŠ¡ñÌããÀãè ¦ã¾ããÀ ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ããÞãñ ‚ãããä¥ã ¹ãìÀÌãŸã ÔããŒãßãèÞãñ ÔãâØã¥ã‡ãŠãè‡ãŠÀ¥ã ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ããÞãñ ‡ãŠã½ã ‚ã¶ãì‰ãŠ½ãñ

½ããÞãÃ 2013 Ìã ‚ããù‡ã‹›ãñºãÀ 2013 ¹ã¾ãÃâ¦ã ¹ãî¥ãÃ ‡ãŠÀã¾ãÞãñ Öãñ¦ãñ. ‡ãñŠâ³ ÍããÔã¶ãã¶ãñ ` 69.72 ‡ãŠãñ›ãè ƒ¦ã‡ã‹¾ãã

¹ãÆÔ¦ããÌã ŒãÞããÃÔã ½ãâ•ãìÀãè ãäªÊããè (•ãî¶ã 2013) ‚ãããä¥ã ` 20.91 ‡ãŠãñ›ãè À‡ã‹‡ãŠ½ã ½ãì‡ã‹¦ã ‡ãñŠÊããè (•ãìÊãõ

2013). ½ãñ 2013 ¹ã¾ãÃâ¦ã ¾ãã ¾ããñ•ã¶ãñÌãÀ ` 6.28 ‡ãŠãñ›ãèÞãã ŒãÞãÃ ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ãã¦ã ‚ããÊãã ‚ããÖñ.

ÍããÔã¶ãã¶ãñ ‚ãÔãñ ÔããâãäØã¦ãÊãñ ‡ãŠãè (¶ããñÌÖñâºãÀ 2013) NIC ‡ãŠ¡î¶ã ¹ãÆã¹¦ã ¢ããÊãñÊ¾ãã ¡ñ¹ããñ ‡ãŠãñ¡ Ì¾ãÌãÔ©ãã¹ã¶ã

¾ãâ¨ã¥ãã, Ô›ñ‡ãŠÖãñÊ¡À Ì¾ãÌãÔ©ãã¹ã¶ã ¾ãâ¨ã¥ãã ¾ãã½ã£¾ãñ ½ãããäÖ¦ããèÞããè ¶ããòª Üãñ¥¾ããÞãñ ‡ãŠã½ã ¹ãî¥ãÃ ¢ããÊãñ ‚ãÔãî¶ã

Ôã£¾ããÞ¾ãã Íããè£ããÌ¾ãÌãÔ©ãã¹ã¶ã ¾ãâ¨ã¥ãñ¦ã ½ãããäÖ¦ããèÞããè ¶ããòª Üãñ¥¾ããÞãñ ‡ãŠã½ã 99 ›‡ã‹‡ãñŠ ¹ãî¥ãÃ ¢ããÊãñÊãñ ‚ããÖñ,

¹ãÀâ¦ãì ¹ãÆ¥ããÊããè¦ã ¶ããòª ‡ãñŠÊãñÊ¾ãã ½ãããäÖ¦ããèÞããè ¹ã¡¦ããß¥ããè ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ããÞãñ ‡ãŠã½ã ¹ãÆØã¦ããè¹ã©ããÌãÀ ‚ããÖñ.

2.2.16.5 „·ã»ããñãäØã¦ãã ·ãÃºãã¥ã·ã¨ãñ ‚ãããä¥ã ãäµã»ã¦ã‡ãŠããäÊã‡ãŠ ‚ãÖÌããÊã Ôããª½ µã ‡ãŠ½¥ãñ

PDS (ãä¶ã¾ãâ¨ã¥ã) ‚ããªñÍã, 2001 Þ¾ãã ¹ããäÀãäÍãÓ› I ÔãÖ „¹ãÌãã‡ã‹¾ã 8 ½ã£ããèÊã ¦ãÀ¦ãìªãè¶ãìÔããÀ Ôãâºãâãä£ã¦ã

Àã•¾ããâ‡ãŠ¡î¶ã ¹ãÆã¹¦ã Öãñ¥ããÀñ ÔãÌãÃÔãã£ããÀ¥ã ‚ãÖÌããÊã ‚ãããä¥ã •¾ãã ½ããäÖ¶¾ãã¦ã ‚ã¸ã£ãã¶¾ããÞãñ Ìãã›¹ã

‡ãŠÀ¥¾ãã¦ã ‚ããÊãñÊãñ ‚ããÖñ ¦¾ãã ½ããäÖ¶¾ãã¹ããÔãî¶ã ªãñ¶ã ½ããäÖ¶¾ããâÞ¾ãã ‚ãã¦ã „¹ã¾ããñãäØã¦ãã ¹ãÆ½ãã¥ã¹ã¨ãñ (UCs)

ÔããªÀ Öãñ¥ãñ ¾ãã ªãñ¶ã ºããºããéÞ¾ãã ‚ãã£ããÀãÌãÀ Àã•¾ããÊãã ¶ãâ¦ãÀÞ¾ãã ‡ãŠãÊããÌã£ããè¦ã ‚ã¸ãã£ãã¶¾ããâÞãñ Ìãã›¹ã

‡ãŠÀãÌã¾ããÔã ÖÌãñ.

¹ãìÀÌãŸã ‚ãã¾ãì‡ã‹¦ããâÞ¾ãã ‡ãŠã¾ããÃÊã¾ããâ¦ããèÊã ‚ããä¼ãÊãñŒ¾ããâÞ¾ãã ¦ã¹ããÔã¥ããè¦ã ‚ãÔãñ ãäªÔãî¶ã ‚ããÊãñ ‡ãŠãè

‚ããù‡ã‹›ãñºãÀ 2008 ¹ããÔãî¶ã ãäÌã¼ããØãã¶ãñ ‡ãñŠ³ ÍããÔã¶ããÊãã UCs ¦ãÔãñÞã PDS (ãä¶ã¾ãâ¨ã¥ã) ‚ããªñÍã, 2001

‚ãâ¦ãØãÃ¦ã ÔããªÀ ‡ãŠÀãÌã¾ããÞãñ ½ãããäÔã‡ãŠ ‚ãÖÌããÊã ÔããªÀ ‡ãñŠÊãñ ¶ãÌÖ¦ãñ.

ÍããÔã¶ãã¶ãñ ‚ãÔãñ ¶ã½ãîª ‡ãñŠÊãñ (¶ããñÌÖòºãÀ 2013) ‡ãŠãè ‚ããù‡ã‹›ãñºãÀ 2008 ¦ãñ ½ããÞãÃ 2009 ‚ãããä¥ã †ãä¹ãÆÊã

2009 ¦ãñ Ôã¹›òºãÀ 2009 ¾ãã ‡ãŠãÊããÌã£ããèÞããè UCs ‡ãòŠ³ ÍããÔã¶ããÊãã ‚ã¶ãì‰ãŠ½ãñ ‚ããùØãÔ› 2013 ‚ãããä¥ã

‚ããù‡ã‹›ãñºãÀ 2013 ½ã£¾ãñ ÔããªÀ ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ãã¦ã ‚ããÊãñÊããè ‚ããÖñ¦ã. ÍããÔã¶ãã¶ãñ ‚ãÔãñÖãè ÔããâãäØã¦ãÊãñ ‡ãŠãè

‚ããù‡ã‹›ãñºãÀ 2009 ¹ããÔãî¶ã ‡ãŠãÊããÌã£ããèÔããŸãèÞããè UCs ¾ã©ããÌã‡ãŠãÍã ÔããªÀ ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ãã¦ã ¾ãñ¦ããèÊã ¹ãÀâ¦ãì

‚ããù‡ã‹›ãñºãÀ 2009 ¹ããÔãî¶ã ¦¾ãã¶ãâ¦ãÀÞ¾ãã ‡ãŠãÊããÌã£ããèÞããè UCs ‚ã²ãã¹ãÖãè ‡ãòŠ³ ÍããÔã¶ããÔã ÔããªÀ ‡ãñŠÊããè

ØãñÊããè ¶ããÖãè¦ã (•ãã¶ãñÌããÀãè 2014).


62

2.2.17 ãäµãÓ‡ãŠÓãÀ

Àã•¾ãã¦ã ãä¶ã£ããÃãäÀ¦ã ÔããÌãÃ•ããä¶ã‡ãŠ ãäÌã¦ãÀ¥ã ¹ãÆ¥ããÊããèÞ¾ãã ‡ãŠã½ã‡ãŠã•ãã¦ã ‚ã¶ãñ‡ãŠ ¨ãì›ãè Öãñ¦¾ãã.

ªããäÀ³¿ãÀñÓãñŒããÊããèÊã ‡ãìŠ›ìâºããâÞããè ãä¶ãÌã¡ ‚ã¾ããñØ¾ã¹ãÆ‡ãŠãÀñ ‡ãñŠÊ¾ãã½ãìßñ ½ããñŸ¿ãã ÔãâŒ¾ãñ¦ã ‚ã¹ãã¨ã ‡ãìŠ›âìºããâÞãã

Ôã½ããÌãñÍã Öãñ…¶ã ãä‡ãŠ¦¾ãñ‡ãŠ Êãã¼ã¹ãã¨ã ‡ãìŠ›ìâºããâ¶ãã ½ãã¨ã ¾ããñ•ã¶ãñÞ¾ãã Êãã¼ãã¹ããÔãî¶ã ÌãâãäÞã¦ã ÀÖãÌãñ ÊããØãÊãñ

Öãñ¦ãñ. Ôãâºãâãä£ã¦ã ãäÌã¼ããØãã‡ãŠ¡î¶ã ½ãããäÖ¦ããèÞããè ¹ãÆ¦ããè ¹ã¡¦ããß¥ããè ¶ã ‡ãŠÀ¦ãã ÔÌã¦ã: ÔããªÀ ‡ãñŠÊãñÊ¾ãã

„¦¹ã¸ããÞ¾ãã ªãŒãÊ¾ããÞ¾ãã ‚ãããä¥ã ¹ãÆãä¦ã—ãã¹ã¨ããÞ¾ãã ‚ãã£ããÀãÌãÀ Íããè£ãã¹ããä¨ã‡ãŠã ªñ¥¾ãã¦ã ‚ããÊ¾ãã Öãñ¦¾ãã.

ÔãºããäÔããä¡Þãñ ãä¶ã¾ã½ãºããÖ¿ã¹ã¥ãñ ‚ããÖÀ¥ã ‡ãñŠÊ¾ããÞãñ ‚ãããä¥ã FCI ‡ãŠ¡ñ ½ããñŸ¿ãã ¹ãÆ½ãã¥ãã¦ã ‚ãØãÆãè½ããâÞãñ

Ôã½ãã¾ããñ•ã¶ã ¹ãÆÊãâãäºã¦ã ‚ãÔãÊ¾ããÞãñÖãè ‡ãŠãÖãè ¹ãÆ‡ãŠÀ¥ããâ¦ã ãäªÔãî¶ã ‚ããÊãñ Öãñ¦ãñ. FCI ‡ãŠ¡î¶ã ‚ã¸ã£ãã¶¾ããÞããè

„ÞãÊã ¶ã ‡ãñŠÊ¾ãã½ãìßñ BPL Êãã¼ãã©ããê ¾ããñ•ã¶ãñÞãã Êãã¼ã ãä½ãßãäÌã¥¾ãã¹ããÔãî¶ã ÌãâãäÞã¦ã ÀããäÖÊãñ Öãñ¦ãñ,

¦¾ããÞãÌãñßãè ŒãìÊ¾ãã ºãã•ããÀã¦ãî¶ã ¦ããâªîß ŒãÀñªãè ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ããÌãÀ ŒãÞãÃ ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ãã¦ã ‚ããÊãã Öãñ¦ãã •ããñ ›ãß¦ãã

‚ããÊãã ‚ãÔã¦ãã. FCI ‡ãŠ¡î¶ã „ÞãÊã ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ãã¦ã ‚ããÊãñÊ¾ãã ‚ã¸ã£ãã¶¾ããÞããè Øãì¥ãÌã¦¦ãã ¦ã¹ããÔã¥¾ãã¦ã ‚ããÊããè

¶ãÌÖ¦ããè. ØãÆãÖ‡ãŠã‡ãŠ¡ñ ‚ãÔãÊãñÊããè ØãùÔã ãäÔãÊãò¡ÔãÃ ãä‡ãâŠÌãã ØãùÔãÞ¾ãã ¹ããƒÃ¹ã •ããñ¡¥¾ãã ‚ãÔãÊãñÊãñ ØãÆãÖ‡ãŠ

¾ããâÞ¾ãã ½ãããäÖ¦ããèÍããè PDS Àãù‡ãñŠÊãÞãñ ãäÌã¦ãÀ¥ã ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ããÔããŸãè ãä¶ã£ããÃãäÀ¦ã ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ãã¦ã ‚ããÊãñÊ¾ãã

Êãã¼ãã©¾ããÃâÞããè ½ãããäÖ¦ããè ¹ãÆ¼ããÌããè¹ã¥ãñ ¶ã •ããñ¡Ê¾ãã½ãìßñ Öñ ãä¶ã£ããÃÀ¥ã ¹ã¾ããÃ¹¦ã ¹ãÆ½ãã¥ãã¦ã ¢ããÊãñ ¶ãÌÖ¦ãñ.

Àãù‡ãñŠÊã ÌãÀãèÊã ÀãñŒã ÔãºããäÔã¡ãèÞãñ ©ãñ› ÖÔ¦ããâ¦ãÀ¥ã ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ããÞããè ¾ããñ•ã¶ãã ½ããØãñ ¹ã¡Êããè Öãñ¦ããè ¦ãÔãñÞã

ÌããÖ¶ããâÞãã ½ããØã Üãñ¥¾ããÞ¾ãã ¹ãÆ¥ããÊããèÞããè ‚ãâ½ãÊãºã•ããÌã¥ããèÖãè ¹ãÆ¼ããÌããè¹ã¥ãñ ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ãã¦ã ‚ããÊãñÊããè ¶ãÌÖ¦ããè.

ÌãñØãÌãñØãß¾ãã ¹ãã¦ãß¾ããâÌãÀ ãä¶ã£ããÃãäÀ¦ã ÔãâŒ¾ãñ½ã£¾ãñ ªàã¦ãã Ôããä½ã¦¾ããâÞãñ ØãŸ¶ã ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ãã¦ã ¶ã ‚ããÊ¾ãã½ãìßñ

¾ããñ•ã¶ãñÌãÀãèÊã Ôãâãä¶ã¾ãâ¨ã¥ã ‡ãŠ½ã‡ãŠìÌã¦ã Öãñ¦ãñ. ¹ãªããä£ã‡ãŠã-¾ããâ‡ãŠ¡î¶ã Øããñªã½ããâÞããè, ÔÌãÔ¦ã £ãã¶¾ã ªì‡ãŠã¶ããâÞããè

‚ãããä¥ã Íããè£ãã¹ããä¨ã‡ãŠãâÞããè ¦ã¹ããÔã¥ããè ‡ãŠ½ããè ÔãâŒ¾ãñ¦ã ‡ãñŠÊããè •ãã¦ã Öãñ¦ããè.

2.2.18 ãäÍã·ãŠã½Íããè

‚ã¹ãã¨ã Êãã¼ãã©¾ããÄÞããè ¶ããÌãñ ¾ããªãè¦ãî¶ã ‡ãŠã¤î¶ã ›ã‡ãŠ¥¾ããÔããŸãè ¹ãÆ¦¾ãñ‡ãŠ ÌãÓããÃè TPDS ‚ãâ¦ãØãÃ¦ã BPL

Êãã¼ãã©¾ããÃâÞ¾ãã ¾ããªãèÞãñ ¹ãì¶ããäÌãÃÊããñ‡ãŠ¶ã ‡ãŠÀãÌãñ;

‚ã¸ã£ãã¶¾ããÌãÀãèÊã ÔãºããäÔã¡ãèÞãñ ‚ãâªã•ã¹ã¨ã‡ãŠ ÌããÔ¦ãÌãÌããªãè ‚ãÔããÌãñ;

‡ãòŠ³ ÍããÔã¶ãã¶ãñ Ìãã›¹ã ‡ãñŠÊãñÊ¾ãã ‚ã¸ã£ãã¶¾ããâÞããè Ôãâ¹ãî¥ãÃ¹ã¥ãñ „ÞãÊã Öãñ¥¾ããÞããè Œãã¨ããè ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ããÔããŸãè

‚ãããä¥ã FCI ‡ãŠ¡î¶ã ‚ã¸ã£ãã¶¾ããâÞããè „ÞãÊã ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ãã‚ãã£ããè ¦¾ããÞ¾ãã Øãì¥ãÌã¦¦ãñÞããè Œãã¨ããè ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ããÔããŸãè

Ôãâ¾ãì‡ã‹¦ã ¦ã¹ããÔã¥¾ãã ‡ãñŠÊ¾ãã •ãã¦ããèÊã ¾ããÔããŸãè ¹ãÆ¾ã¦¶ã ‡ãŠÀãÌãñ;

ÔããŸÌã¥ã àã½ã¦ãã Ìãã¤ãäÌã¥¾ããÔããŸãè „ÌãÃãäÀ¦ã Øããñªã½ããâÞãñ ºããâ£ã‡ãŠã½ã ¦ÌãÀñ¶ãñ ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ããÔããŸãè ‚ãããä¥ã

ÌããÖ¶ããâÌãÀ ¾ãã ‚ãã£ããèÞã ºãÔãÌã¥¾ãã¦ã ‚ããÊãñÊ¾ãã ÌããÖ¶ã ½ããØã ¾ãâ¨ã¥ãñÔã ‡ãŠã¾ãÃÀ¦ã ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ããÔããŸãè

¹ãÆ¾ã¦¶ã ‡ãŠÀãÌãñ; ‚ãããä¥ã

¾ããñ•ã¶ãñÌãÀ ¹ãÆ¼ããÌããè¹ã¥ãñ Ôãâãä¶ã¾ãâ¨ã¥ã ŸñÌã¥¾ããÔããŸãè Øããñªã½ãñ, ÔÌãÔ¦ã £ãã¶¾ã ªì‡ãŠã¶ãñ ‚ãããä¥ã

Íããè£ãã¹ããä¨ã‡ãŠã ¾ããâÞ¾ãã ãäÌããäÖ¦ã ÔãâŒ¾ãñ¦ã ¦ã¹ããÔã¥¾ãã ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ãã¦ã ¾ããÌ¾ãã ‚ãããä¥ã ÌãñØãÌãñØãß¾ãã

¹ãã¦ãß¾ããâÌãÀ ãä¶ã£ããÃãäÀ¦ã ÔãâŒ¾ãñ¦ã ªàã¦ãã Ôããä½ã¦¾ããâÞãñ ØãŸ¶ã ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ãã¦ããèÊã ¦ãî› ‡ãŠ½ããè ‡ãŠÀãÌããè.

¹ãÆ‡ãŠ¿¥ã-III

Ì½ãÌãÖã¿ãâÞãñ ÊãñŒãã¹ã¿ãèàã¥ã

ÍããÔã‡ãŠãè¾ã ãäÌã¼ããØã Ìã ãäÌã¼ããØããâÍããè ÔãâÊãØ¶ã ‡ãŠã¾ãÃàãñ¨ã ¦ãÔãñÞã ÔÌãã¾ã¦¦ã ÔãâÔ©ãã ¾ããâÞ¾ãã Ì¾ãÌãÖãÀãâÞ¾ãã

ÊãñŒãã¹ãÀãèàã¥ãã¦ã Ôãã£ã¶ã Ôãã½ãØãÆãèÞ¾ãã Ì¾ãÌãÔ©ãã¹ã¶ãã¦ããèÊã ¨ãì›ãè, ãä¶ã¾ããä½ã¦ã¦ãã, ‚ããõãäÞã¦¾ã ‚ãããä¥ã

‡ãŠã›‡ãŠÔãÀ ¾ãã Ôãâºãâ£ããè ‚ãÔãÊãñÊãñ ãä¶ã‡ãŠÓã ¹ããß¥¾ãã¦ããèÊã ‚ã¹ã¾ãÍã ¾ããâÞããè ‚ã¶ãñ‡ãŠ „ªãÖÀ¥ãñ ‚ãã¤ßÊããè.

¦ããè ¹ãì¤ãèÊã ¹ããäÀÞœñªãâ½ã£¾ãñ ãäÌãÔ¦ãð¦ã „ñÍ¾ã ÍããèÓãÃ‡ãŠãâ¦ã ½ããâ¡Êããè ‚ããÖñ¦ã.

3.1 ãä¶ã½ã¼ã ‚ãããä¥ã ‚ããä£ããä¶ã½ã¼ããâÞãñ ‚ã¶ãì¹ããÊã¶ã ¶ã ‡ãŠ¿¥ãñ

½ã•ãºãî¦ã ‚ã©ãÃÌ¾ãÌãÔ©ãã ‚ãããä¥ã ‚ãããä©ãÃ‡ãŠ ãä¶ã¾ãâ¨ã¥ããÔããŸãè Ôãàã½ã ‚ããä£ã‡ãŠãÅ ¾ããâ¶ããè •ããÀãè ‡ãŠñÊãñÊ¾ãã

ãäÌã§ããè¾ã ãä¶ã¾ã½ã, ãäÌããä¶ã¾ã½ã ‚ãããä¥ã ‚ããªñÍã ¾ããâ¶ãã ‚ã¶ãìÔãÀŠ¶ã ŒãÞãÃ Öãñ¥ãñ ‚ããÌãÍ¾ã‡ãŠ ‚ããÖñ. ¦¾ãã½ãìßñ

‚ããä¶ã¾ããä½ã¦ã¦ãã, ØãõÀãäÌããä¶ã¾ããñØã ‚ãããä¥ã ‚ã¹ãŠÀã¦ã¹ãŠÀãè ¾ããâ¶ãã ‚ããßã ºãÔãî¶ã „¦¦ã½ã ‚ãããä©ãÃ‡ãŠ ãäÍãÔ¦ã

ÀãÖ¦ãñ. ãä¶ã¾ã½ã ‚ãããä¥ã ãäÌããä¶ã¾ã½ã ¾ããâÞãñ ‚ã¶ãì¹ããÊã¶ã ¶ã ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ããºããºã¦ãÞããè ÊãñŒãã¹ãÀãèàã¥ãã¦ã ‚ãã¤ßÊãñÊããè

¹ãÆ‡ãŠÀ¥ãñ ŒããÊããè ªÍãÃãäÌãÊãñÊããè ‚ããÖñ¦ã.

•ãÊã Ôãâ¹ãªã ãäÌã»ããØã

3.1.1 ãä¶ã£ããèÞããè ‚ã¡Ìã¥ãî‡ãŠ ‚ãããä¥ã ›ãß¦ãã ½ãñ¥½ãã•ããñØããè Ì½ãã•ããÞããè Öããä¶ã

¹ãÆ‡ãŠÊ¹ããÊãã ÊããØã¥ãã¿ãè •ããØãã ¦ããº½ãã¦ã ¶ã Üãñ¦ãã ‡ãŠã¼ã ºãÖãÊã ‡ãŠñÊ½ãã¼ãìßñ ‚ãããä¥ã ` ‚ããŸ ‡ãŠãñ›ãè

ÔãìÔã••ã¦ãã ‚ããäØãÆ¼ã ãäªÊ½ãã¼ãìßñ ÍããÔã¶ããÞ½ãã ¦ãñÌã¤¾ãã ãä¶ã£ããèÞããè ‚ã¡Ìã¥ãî‡ãŠ ¢ããÊããè ‚ãããä¥ã ÍããÔã¶ããÞãñ

` 3.03 ‡ãŠãñ›ãè †Ìã¤ãè ›ãß¦ãã ½ãñ¥½ãã•ããñØããè Ì½ãã•ããÞããè Öããä¶ã ¢ããÊããè.

½ãÖãÀãÓ›È ÔããÌãÃ•ããä¶ã‡ãŠ ºããâ£ã‡ãŠã½ã ãä¶ã¾ã½ã¹ãìãäÔ¦ã‡ãŠñÞ¾ãã ¹ããäÀÞœñª 251 ¹ãÆ½ãã¥ãñ •ã½ããè¶ã •ããñ¹ã¾ãÃâ¦ã

•ãºããºãªãÀ ¶ããØãÀãè ‚ããä£ã‡ãŠãÅ ¾ãã‡ãŠ¡î¶ã ¦ããº¾ãã¦ã ãä½ãß¦ã ¶ããÖãè ¦ããñ¹ã¾ãÃâ¦ã ¦¾ãã •ããä½ããä¶ãÌãÀ ‡ãŠã½ã ÔãìÀŠ ‡ãŠÀŠ

¶ã¾ãñ. •ãÀ ‡ãŠã½ããÞ¾ãã ãä¶ããäÌãªã ÔÌããè‡ãŠãÀ ‡ãŠñÊ¾ãã ‚ãÔã¦ããèÊã ¹ã¥ã ¹ãÆ¾ããñ•ã¶ããÔããŸãè ‚ããÌãÍ¾ã‡ãŠ ‚ãÔãÊãñÊããè

•ã½ããè¶ã ‚ã•ãî¶ãÖãè Ôãâ¹ãããäª¦ã ¢ããÊããè ¶ãÔãñÊã, ¦ãÀ ‚ãÍããè •ã½ããè¶ã Ôãâ¹ãããäª¦ã ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ããÔããŸãè ÊããØã¥ããÀã Ìãñß,

‡ãŠã½ã ÔãìÀŠ ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ããÞãñ ‚ããªñÍã ãä¶ãØãÃãä½ã¦ã ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ãã‚ãã£ããè Ôãâºãâãä£ã¦ã ãä•ãÊÖããä£ã‡ãŠãÅ ¾ãã‡ãŠ¡î¶ã ãä¶ããäÍÞã¦ã

‡ãŠÀ¥¾ãã¦ã ¾ããÌãã.

¼ããÀ¦ããÞãñ ãä¶ã¾ãâ¨ã‡ãŠ Ìã ½ãÖãÊãñŒãã¹ãÀãèàã‡ãŠ

54

¾ããâÞ¾ãã ‚ãÖÌããÊããâ¦ã •ããØãñÞããè „¹ãÊãº£ã¦ãã Êãàãã¦ã ¶ã Üãñ¦ãã

‡ãŠã½ã ºãÖãÊã ‡ãŠñÊ¾ãã½ãìßñ Ìãñß ‚ãããä¥ã ¹ããäÀÌ¾ã¾ã Ìãã¤î¶ã ÍããÔã¶ããÞ¾ãã ãä¶ã£ããèÞããè ‚ã¡Ìã¥ãî‡ãŠ

¢ããÊ¾ããºããºã¦ãÞãã „ÊÊãñŒã ‚ããÖñ. ÊãñŒãã¹ãÀãèàã¥ãã¦ã ÌããÀâÌããÀ ãä¶ãªÍãÃ¶ããÔã ‚ãã¥ãî¶ã ãäªÊ¾ãã ¶ãâ¦ãÀÖãè

54(i) 31 ½ããÞãÃ 1992 Êãã Ôã½ãã¹¦ã Öãñ¥ããÅ ¾ãã ÊãñŒãã¹ãÀãèàãã ‚ãÖÌããÊããÞãã ¹ããäÀÞœñª ‡ãÆŠ. 4.14 (ii) 31 ½ããÞãÃ 1998 Êãã Ôã½ãã¹¦ã

Öãñ¥ããÅ ¾ãã ÊãñŒãã¹ãÀãèàãã ‚ãÖÌããÊããÞãã ¹ããäÀÞœñª ‡ãÆŠ. 4.5, 4.12 (iii) 31 ½ããÞãÃ 2004 Êãã Ôã½ãã¹¦ã Öãñ¥ããÅ ¾ãã ÊãñŒãã¹ãÀãèàãã ‚ãÖÌããÊããÞãã

¹ããäÀÞœñª ‡ãÆŠ. 4.4.6 (iv) 31 ½ããÞãÃ 2007 Êãã Ôã½ãã¹¦ã Öãñ¥ããÅ ¾ãã ÊãñŒãã¹ãÀãèàãã ‚ãÖÌããÊããÞãã ¹ããäÀÞœñª ‡ãÆŠ. 4.2.7 (v) 31 ½ããÞãÃ 2009 Êãã

Ôã½ãã¹¦ã Öãñ¥ããÅ ¾ãã ÊãñŒãã¹ãÀãèàãã ‚ãÖÌããÊããÞãã ¹ããäÀÞœñª ‡ãÆŠ. 3.5.1 (vi) 31 ½ããÞãÃ 2012 Êãã Ôã½ãã¹¦ã Öãñ¥ããÅ ¾ãã ÊãñŒãã¹ãÀãèàãã ‚ãÖÌããÊããÞãã

(‚ãããä©ãÃ‡ãŠ àãñ¨ã) ¹ããäÀÞœñª ‡ãÆŠ. 3.2.2

¹ãÆ‡ãŠ¿¥ã III - Ì½ãÌãÖã¿ãâÞãñ ËñŒãã¹ã¿ãèàã¥ã

65

£ããñ‡ã‹¾ãã¦ã ‚ããÊããè ¶ããÖãè ¦ãÀ ‡ãŠã½ããÞããè ÔãìÀŠÌãã¦ã ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ããÔã 42 ½ããäÖ¶¾ããâÞãã (‚ããùØãÔ› 2009 ¦ãñ ¹ãŠñºãÆìÌããÀãè

2013) ãäÌãÊãâºã Ôãì®ã ¢ããÊãã. •ããñ¹ã¾ãÃâ¦ã ãäÌã¼ããØãã´ãÀñ ¹ãÆÊãâãäºã¦ã ãä¶ãÌÌãß ãäÌã²ã½ãã¶ã ½ãîÊ¾ã ¹ãÆªã¶ã Öãñ¥ããÀ

¶ããÖãè ‚ãããä¥ã ¹ã¾ããÃÌãÀ¥ã ‚ãããä¥ã Ìã¶ã ½ãâ¨ããÊã¾ã ´ãÀã Ìã¶ã •ã½ããè¶ã ½ãì‡ã‹¦ã Öãñ¥ããÀ ¶ããÖãè, ¦ããñ¹ã¾ãÃâ¦ã

‡ãŠã½ããÔã ‚ããä£ã‡ãŠ ãäÌãÊãâºã Öãñ¥¾ããÞããè Íã‡ã‹¾ã¦ãã ‚ããÖñ.

½ãìŒ¾ã ‚ããä¼ã¾ãâ¦ãã, ¦ãã¹ããè ãäÔãâÞã¶ã ãäÌã‡ãŠãÔã ½ãÖã½ãâ¡ß, •ãßØããâÌã ¾ããâ¶ããè ‚ãÔãñ ¶ã½ãîª ‡ãŠñÊãñ

(¶ããñÌÖâñºãÀ 2012) ‡ãŠãè •¾ããÌãñßãè ‚ããäØãÆ½ã ½ãâ•ãîÀ ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ãã¦ã ‚ããÊãã ¦¾ããÌãñßãè ¼ãîÔãâ¹ãª¶ããÞããè ¹ãÆãä‡ãÆŠ¾ãã

¹ãÆØã¦ããè¦ã Öãñ¦ããè ‚ãããä¥ã ‚ãÔãã ‚ãâªã•ã Öãñ¦ãã ‡ãŠãè ‡ãŠã½ã ÔãìÀŠ ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ãã‡ãŠãäÀ¦ãã •ããØãã ÔãÖ•ã „¹ãÊãº£ã

ÖãñƒÃÊã. ¦¾ããâ¶ããè ¹ãì¤ñ ¶ã½ãîª ‡ãŠñÊãñ ‡ãŠãè ‚ããäØãÆ½ããÞããè ÌãÔãìÊããè ‡ãŠâ¨ãã›ªãÀãÞ¾ãã ‡ãŠã½ããÞ¾ãã ¹ãì¤ãèÊã ªñ¾ã‡ãŠãâ¦ãî¶ã

‡ãŠÀ¥¾ãã¦ã ¾ãñƒÃÊã.

„¦¦ãÀ ½ãã¶¾ã ¶ããÖãè ‡ãŠãÀ¥ã •ã½ããè¶ã ¦ããº¾ãã¦ã ‚ãÔãÊ¾ããÞããè Œãã¦ãÀ•ã½ãã ¶ã ‡ãŠÀ¦ãã ‡ãŠã¾ããÃÀâ¼ã ‚ããªñÍã

ãä¶ãØãÃãä½ã¦ã ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ãã¦ã ‚ããÊãñ, •ãñ ãä¶ã¾ã½ããâÞ¾ãã ãäÌãÀŠ® ‚ããÖñ. ‚ãÍãã¹ãÆ‡ãŠãÀñ, ‡ãŠâ¨ãã›ªãÀãÊãã ` ‚ããŸ

‡ãŠãñ›ãèÞãñ ‚ããäØãÆ½ã ¹ãÆªã¶ã ‡ãŠñÊ¾ãã½ãìßñ ãä¶ããä£ãÞããè ‚ã¡Ìã¥ãî‡ãŠÞã ¢ããÊããè ¶ããÖãè ¦ãÀ ‡ãŠâ¨ãã›ªãÀãÊãã ‚ãÖñ¦ãì‡ãŠ

¹ãŠã¾ãªã ¢ããÊãã.

Öãè ºããºã ÍããÔã¶ããÔã †ãä¹ãÆÊã 2013 ½ã£¾ãñ ‡ãŠßãäÌã¥¾ãã¦ã ‚ããÊããè; •ãã¶ãñÌããÀãè 2014 ¹ã¾ãÃâ¦ã ¦¾ããâÞãñ „¦¦ãÀ

¹ãÆãä¦ããäàã¦ã ‚ããÖñ.

3.1.2 ›ãß¦ãã ½ãñ¥½ãã•ããñØãã •ããªã ŒãÞãÃ

•ã¼ããè¶ã ¦ããº½ãã¦ã ¶ã Üãñ¦ãã ‡ãŠã¼ã Ôãì¿Š ‡ãñŠÊ½ãã¶ãñ ‡ãŠãÊãÌ½ããÞããè Ôãâ¿ñŒãã ºãªÊããÌããè ÊããØãÊ½ãã¼ãìßñ

•ãÊãÔãâ¹ãªã ãäÌã»ããØããÔã ` 1.24 ‡ãŠãñ›ãèÞãã ›ãß¦ãã ½ãñ¥½ãã•ããñØãã •ããªã ŒãÞãÃ ‡ãŠ¿ãÌãã ÊããØãÊãã.

ÔããÌãÃ•ããä¶ã‡ãŠ ºããâ£ã‡ãŠã½ã ãäÌã¼ããØã ãä¶ãªñÍã ¹ãìãäÔ¦ã‡ãŠã ¹ããäÀÞœñª 1.4.10 ‚ã¶ãìÔããÀ ‡ãŠãÊãÌ¾ããÞ¾ãã ÔãâÀñŒãñÞãñ

¹ããäÀãä¶ããäÀàã¥ã ‡ãŠÀ¦ãñÌãñßãè, ¦ããè ½ãÖ¦ÌããÞãñ ºããâ£ã‡ãŠã½ã, ½ãîÊ¾ãÌãã¶ã ½ããÊã½ã§ãã ‚ã©ãÌãã •ããØãñ¦ãî¶ã •ãã¦ã ‚ããÖñ

‚ã©ãÌãã ¶ããÖãè ¾ããÞããè ¹ããÖ¥ããè ‡ãŠÀãÌã¾ããÔã ÖÌããè, •ãñ¥ãñ ‡ãŠÁ¶ã ‚ãÔãñ ‚ãÔãÊ¾ããÔã ¦¾ãã •ããØããâ¶ãã Ôããñ¡¦ãã

¾ãñƒÃÊã. ¦ãÔãñÞã, ½ãÖãÀãÓ›È ÔããÌãÃ•ããä¶ã‡ãŠ ºããâ£ã‡ãŠã½ã ¹ãìãäÔ¦ã‡ãŠã ‚ãããä¥ã ½ãÖãÀãÓ›È ÍããÔã¶ãã¶ãñ ãä¶ãØãÃãä½ã¦ã

‡ãñŠÊãñÊ¾ãã ÔãîÞã¶ãã (½ãñ 1998) ¾ããâÞ¾ãã ¦ãÀ¦ãìªãèâ ¹ãÆ½ãã¥ãñ •ããè •ã½ããè¶ã ãäÌã¼ããØãã¶ãñ Ôãâ¹ãããäª¦ã ‡ãñŠÊããè ¶ããÖãè

‚ãããä¥ã ãäÌã¼ããØããÞ¾ãã ¦ããº¾ãã¦ã ¶ããÖãè, ‚ãÍãã •ã½ããè¶ããèÌãÀ ºããâ£ã‡ãŠã½ã ÔãìÀŠ ‡ãŠÀŠ ¶ã¾ãñ.

ƒÃÔãã¹ãîÀ „•ãÌãã ‡ãŠãÊãÌãã, „½ãÀãè, ãä•ãÊÖã ¶ããâªñ¡ Þ¾ãã ãäÞãâÞããßã ÍããŒãã ‡ãŠãÊãÌ¾ããÞãñ ãä‡ãŠ.½ããè. †‡ãŠ ¦ãñ

ÔãÖã Þãñ ½ãã¦ããè‡ãŠã½ã, ºããâ£ã‡ãŠã½ã Ìã ‚ãÔ¦ãÀãè‡ãŠÀ¥ããÞãñ ‡ãŠã½ã †‡ãŠã ‡ãâŠ¨ãã›ªãÀãÊãã ` 6.35 ‡ãŠãñ›ãè Êãã

(ãä¶ããäÌãªã ãä‡ãâŠ½ã¦ããèÞ¾ãã 4.91 ›‡ã‹‡ãñŠ ‚ããä£ã‡ã‹¾ãã¶ãñ) ºãÖãÊã ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ãã¦ã ‚ããÊãñ (½ããÞãÃ 2007). Öñ ‡ãŠã½ã

‡ãŠã¾ããÃÀâ¼ã ‚ããªñÍã ãä¶ãØãÃãä½ã¦ã ‡ãŠñÊ¾ããÞ¾ãã ¦ããÀŒãñ¹ããÔãî¶ã 36 ½ããäÖ¶¾ããâÞ¾ãã ãäÌããäÖ¦ã ‡ãŠãÊããÌã£ããè¦ã

(½ããÞãÃ 2010) ¹ãî¥ãÃ ‡ãŠÀãÌã¾ããÞãñ Öãñ¦ãñ. ‡ãŠâ¨ãã›ªãÀã¶ãñ ` 1.36 ‡ãŠãñ›ãè ãä‡ãŠ½ãâ¦ããè Þãñ ‡ãŠã¾ãÃ ãä¶ãÓ¹ãããäª¦ã

‡ãñŠÊãñ Ìã Öñ ‡ãŠã½ã ¹ãÆØã¦ããè¦ã Öãñ¦ãñ (•ãìÊãõ 2013).

‡ãŠã¾ãÃ‡ãŠãÀãè ‚ããä¼ã¾ãâ¦ãã, „£ÌãÃ ¹ãõ¶ãØãâØãã ¹ãÆ‡ãŠÊ¹ã ãäÌã¼ããØã ‡ãÆŠ.6, ¶ããâªñ¡ ¾ããâÞ¾ãã ªÔ¦ããÌãñ•ããâÞ¾ãã

¦ã¹ããÔã¥ããè¦ã ‚ãÔãñ ‚ãã¤ßî¶ã ‚ããÊãñ (¹ãŠñºãÆìÌããÀãè 2011) ‡ãŠãè ÍããŒãã ‡ãŠãÊãÌ¾ããÞãñ ‡ãŠã½ã ‡ãŠÀãè¦ã ‚ãÔã¦ããâ¶ãã

‡ãŠã¾ãÃ‡ãŠãÀãè ‚ããä¼ã¾ãâ¦ãã ¾ããâ¶ãã ‚ãÔãñ Êãàãã¦ã ‚ããÊãñ ‡ãŠãè ¦ãÊããâ‡ãŠ 1,300 ½ããè›À ¦ãñ 2,130 ½ããè›À ¹ã¾ãÄ¦ãÞããè

ãäª¶ããâ‡ãŠ 31 ¼ããÞãÃ 2013 ¿ãñ•ããè Ôãâ¹ãËñÊ¾ãã ÌãÓããÃÞãã ‚ãÖÌããË ‡ãÆŠ.5 (‚ãããä©ãÃ‡ãŠ àãñ¨ã)

66

‡ãŠãÊãÌ¾ããÞããè ½ãîß ½ãâ•ãîÀ ‡ãñŠÊãñÊããè ÔãâÀñŒãã •ãì¶ããè ‚ãããä¥ã ½ãð¦ã ‚ãÔãÊãñÊããè ÀñÊÌãñ ÊããƒÃ¶ã ‚ãÔãÊãñÊ¾ãã ÀñÊÌãñ

•ããä½ããä¶ãÌãÀŠ¶ã •ãã¦ã Öãñ¦ããè. Öãè ÌãÔ¦ãìãäÔ©ã¦ããè ãäÌã¼ããØããÊãã ÔãìÁÌãã¦ããèÊããÞã ½ããÖãè¦ã ‚ãÔã¦ããâ¶ãã Ôãì®ã

ãäÌã¼ããØãã¶ãñ ÔãâÀñŒãã ºãªÊã¥¾ããÔããŸãè ‡ãŠãñ¥ã¦ããèÖãè ‡ãŠãÀÌããƒÃ ‡ãŠñÊããè ¶ããÖãè. •ãñÌÖã ãäÌã¼ããØãã¶ãñ ÀñÊÌãñ

‚ããä£ã‡ãŠãÅ ¾ããâÍããè •ãÊã Ôãâ¹ãªã ãäÌã¼ããØããÊãã •ã½ããè¶ã ÖÔ¦ããâ¦ãÀ¥ã ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ããÔããŸãè Ôãâ¹ã‡ãÃŠ ‡ãñŠÊãã (‚ããù‡ã‹›ãñºãÀ

2007) ¦ãñÌÖã ÀñÊÌãñ ‚ããä£ã‡ãŠãÅ ¾ããâ¶ããè Öãè †‡ãŠ ‚ãÌãÜã¡ ‚ãããä¥ã Êããâºã ¹ãÆãä‡ãÆŠ¾ãã ÖãñƒÃÊã ‚ãÔãñ ½ã¦ã Ì¾ã‡ã‹¦ã

‡ãŠñÊãñ. ¹ããäÀ¥ãã½ããè, ãäÌã¼ããØãã¶ãñ ÔãâÀñŒãã 20 ½ããè›À Êãã¼ãàãñ¨ãã‡ãŠ¡ñ ÔãÀ‡ãŠãäÌã¥¾ããÞãã ãä¶ã¥ãÃ¾ã Üãñ¦ãÊãã (½ããÞãÃ

2008), •ããñ ½ãìŒ¾ã ‚ããä¼ã¾ãâ¦ãã Ìã ½ãìŒ¾ã ¹ãÆÍããÔã‡ãŠ, Êãã¼ã àãñ¨ã ãäÌã‡ãŠãÔã ¹ãÆããä£ã‡ãŠãÀãè (CADA),

‚ããõÀâØããºããª ¾ããâ¶ããè •ãî¶ã 2008 ½ã£¾ãñ ½ãâ•ãîÀ ‡ãñŠÊãã.

ÊãñŒãã¹ãÀãèàãñÔã ‚ãÔãñ ‚ãã¤ßÊãñ ‡ãŠãè ‡ãŠâ¨ãã›ãÞ¾ãã Œãâ¡ 38

56

‚ãâ¦ãØãÃ¦ã ‡ãŠâ¨ãã›ªãÀãÊãã ` 5.56 ‡ãŠãñ›ãè

†Ìã¤¿ãã ‚ããä¦ããäÀ‡ã‹¦ã À‡ã‹‡ãŠ½ãñÞããè ‚ãªã¾ãØããè ½ãìŒ¾ã ‚ããä¼ã¾ãâ¦ãã (CADA) ¾ããâ¶ããè ½ãâ•ãîÀ ‡ãñŠÊããè Öãñ¦ããè

(¶ããñÌÖñâºãÀ 2008). ¹ããäÀ¥ãã½ããè, ‡ãŠã½ããÞããè †‡ãŠî¥ã ãä‡ãŠâ½ã¦ã ½ããÞãÃ 2007 ½ã£ããèÊã ` 6.35 ‡ãŠãñ›ãè ÌãÀŠ¶ã

¶ããñÌÖñâºãÀ 2008 ½ã£¾ãñ ` 12.33 ‡ãŠãñ›ãè ¹ã¾ãÃâ¦ã Ìãã¤Êããè. ¦ãÔãñÞã, ‡ãŠãÊãÌãã ÔãâÀñŒãã Ô©ãã¶ããâ¦ãÀ¥ã

‡ãŠñÊ¾ãã½ãìßñ ‡ãŠã½ããâÞ¾ãã ÞããÀ ºããºããèâÞ¾ãã ‚ããä£ã‡ãŠ ¹ããäÀ½ãã¥ããâÞ¾ãã ãä¶ãÓ¹ããª¶ãã ‡ãŠãäÀ¦ãã ` 5.56 ‡ãŠãñ›ãè ¾ãã

‚ããä¦ããäÀ‡ã‹¦ã À‡ã‹‡ãŠ½ãñ ¹ãõ‡ãŠãè ` 1.24 ‡ãŠãñ›ãè ½ãâ•ãîÀ ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ãã¦ã ‚ããÊãñ Öãñ¦ãñ (¹ããäÀãäÍãÓ› 3.1). •ãìÊãõ 2013

¹ã¾ãÃâ¦ã ` 88.55 Êãàã (` 1.24 ‡ãŠãñ›ãè ¹ãõ‡ãŠãè) ‡ãŠâ¨ãã›ªãÀãÊãã ‚ãªã ‡ãŠñÊãñ Öãñ¦ãñ.

ÖÌããè ‚ãÔãÊãñÊããè •ã½ããè¶ã ¦ããº¾ãã¦ã ¶ã Üãñ¦ãã ‡ãŠã¾ããÃÀâ¼ã ‡ãŠñÊ¾ãã½ãìßñ ` 1.24 ‡ãŠãñ›ãè †Ìã¤ã ›ãß¦ãã

¾ãñ¥¾ãã•ããñØãã •ããªã ŒãÞãÃ ¢ããÊãã. ¾ããŒãñÀãè•ã, •ããè ½ãîß ¾ããñ•ã¶ãã ½ããÞãÃ 2010 ½ã£¾ãñ ¹ãî¥ãÃ ÌÖãÌã¾ããÔã ÖÌããè

Öãñ¦ããè, ¦ããè 40 ½ããäÖ¶¾ããâ¹ãñàãã (‚ããùØãÔ› 2013) •ããÔ¦ã ¹ãÆÊãâãäºã¦ã ¢ããÊããè ‚ãããä¥ã Íãñ¦ããè ãäÔãâÞã¶ã

Êãã¼ãã¹ããÔãî¶ã ÌãâãäÞã¦ã ÀããäÖÊããè.

Öñ ãä¶ãªÍãÃ¶ããÔã ‚ãã¥ãî¶ã ãäªÊ¾ããÌãÀ, ‡ãŠã¾ãÃ‡ãŠãÀãè ‚ããä¼ã¾ãâ¦ãã ¾ããâ¶ããè ½ãã¶¾ã ‡ãñŠÊãñ (•ãî¶ã 2011) ‡ãŠãè

ãäÌã¼ããØããÊãã ½ãîß ‡ãŠãÊãÌãã ÔãâÀñŒãã ÀñÊÌãñ •ããä½ããä¶ãÌãÁ¶ã •ãã¦ãñ Ûãã ÌãÔ¦ãìãäÔ©ããä¦ãÞããè •ãã¥ããèÌã Öãñ¦ããè, ¹ãÀâ¦ãì

ÀñÊÌãñ ÊããƒÃ¶ã •ãì¶ããè ‚ãããä¥ã ½ãð¦ã ‚ãÔãÊ¾ãã½ãìßñ, ¦ããè ÔãÖ•ã¦ãñ¶ãñ ¹ãÆã¹¦ã ‡ãŠÀŠ¶ã Üãñ¦ãã ¾ãñƒÃÊã ‚ãÔãñ Ìãã›Êãñ.

¦ã©ãããä¹ã, ÀñÊÌãñ ¹ãÆããä£ã‡ãŠãÅ ¾ããâ‡ãŠ¡î¶ã •ã½ããè¶ã ¹ãÆªã¶ããÔããŸãè ¶ã‡ãŠãÀ ãä½ãßãÊ¾ããÌãÀ ãäÌã¼ããØãã¶ãñ ¹ã¾ããÃ¾ããè

ÔãâÀñŒã¶ããÔããŸãè •ãã¥¾ããÞãñ ŸÀãäÌãÊãñ.

„¦¦ãÀ Ô¹ãÓ›¹ã¥ãñ ªÍãÃãäÌã¦ãñ ‡ãŠãè ãäÌã¼ããØãã¶ãñ ‡ãŠã¾ããÃÀâ¼ãã‚ãã£ããè •ããä½ããä¶ãÞ¾ãã „¹ãÊãº£ã¦ãñÞããè Œãã¦ãÀ•ã½ãã

‡ãŠñÊããè ¶ããÖãè ‚ãããä¥ã ¾ãã ¹ãÆãä‡ãÆŠ¾ãñ¦ã ãä¶ã¾ã½ã ¦ãÀ¦ãìªãèâÞãñ „ÊÊãÜãâ¶ã ‡ãŠñÊãñ. ¹ããäÀ¥ãã½ããè, ` 1.24 ‡ãŠãñ›ãèâÞãã

•ããªã ŒãÞãÃ ¢ããÊãã.

Öãè ºããºã ½ãñ 2013 ½ã£¾ãñ ÍããÔã¶ããÔã ‡ãŠßãäÌãÊããè; •ãã¶ãñÌããÀãè 2014 ¹ã¾ãÃâ¦ã ¦¾ããâÞãñ „¦¦ãÀ ¹ãÆãä¦ããäàã¦ã Öãñ¦ãñ.

56ºããºããèâÞ¾ãã ¹ããäÀ½ãã¥ããâ¦ããèÊã ºãªÊã / Ìãã¤ ¾ãã½ãìßñ ãä¶ããäÌãªñ¦ããèÊã ¹ããäÀ½ãã¥ããâ¹ãñàãã 125 ›‡ã‹‡ã‹¾ããââ¹ãñàãã ‚ããä£ã‡ãŠ Þ¾ãã, ¹ããäÀ½ãã¥ããÌãÀ ÞããÊãî ªÀ ÔãîÞããè

‚ã©ãÌãã ¹ãÆÞããäÊã¦ã ºãã•ããÀ ½ãîÊ¾ãã¶ãìÔããÀ (ÞããÊãî ªÀ ÔãîÞããèÞ¾ãã ‚ã¼ããÌããè) ªñ¾ã ‚ããä¦ããäÀ‡ã‹¦ã ½ãîÊ¾ã


67

3.1.3 •ããªã ŒãÞãÃ

¹ããñ¹ã›Œãñ¡ ÊãÜãì ãäÔãâÞã¶ã ¹ãÆ‡ãŠÊ¹ã ›¹¹ãã - II Þããè ¹ãðÓŸ»ããØã (Subsurface) ¦ã¹ããÔã¥ããè ‚ãâªã•ã¹ã¨ã‡ãŠñ

¦ã½ãã¿ ‡ãŠ¿¥½ãã‚ãã£ããè ¶ã ‡ãŠñÊ½ãã¼ãìßñ ‚ãããä¥ã ‡ãŠã¼ãñ ¹ãÆªã¶ã ‡ãŠñÊ½ããÌã¿ £ã¿¥ããÞ½ãã ¿ñŒãããäÞã¨ãã ¼ã£½ãñ

ºãªÊã ‡ãŠñÊ½ãã¼ãìßñ ` 2.52 ‡ãŠãñ›ãèÞãã •ããªã ŒãÞãÃ.

ÔããÌãÃ•ããä¶ã‡ãŠ ºããâ£ã‡ãŠã½ã ãä¶ãªñÍã ¹ãìãäÔ¦ã‡ãŠã ‚ãããä¥ã ãäª¶ããâ‡ãŠ 17 †ãä¹ãÆÊã 1989 Þ¾ãã ÍããÔã¶ã

¹ããäÀ¹ã¨ã‡ãŠã¶ãìÔããÀ ½ãã¦ããè £ãÀ¥ããÞãñ Ôãâ‡ãŠÊ¹ã¶ã Ìã ºããâ£ã‡ãŠã½ã ‡ãŠÀ¦ããâ¶ãã Øãß¦ããè Ìã ºããâ£ã‡ãŠã½ãã ¶ãâ¦ãÀÞ¾ãã

Ôã½ãÔ¾ãã ›ãß¥¾ããÔããŸãè •¾ãã ¶ã ¹ãã¢ãÀ¥ããÅ ¾ãã Ô¦ãÀãÌãÀ

57

•ãÊã Àãñ£ã‡ãŠ Œãâª‡ãŠ

58

ãäÔ©ãÀãÌã¥ããÀ ‚ããÖñ,

¦¾ããâÞããè Ôãâ¹ãî¥ãÃ ¦ã¹ããÔã¥ããè ãäÌãâ£ã¶ã ãäœªñÆ ¹ãÆ¾ããñØãã´ãÀñ ‡ãŠÀãÌã¾ããÔã ¹ãããäÖ•ãñ.

½ãìŒ¾ã ‚ããä¼ã¾ãâ¦ãã, •ãÊã Ôãâ¹ãªã ãäÌã¼ããØã, ‚ã½ãÀãÌã¦ããè ¾ããâ¶ããè ½ãñ 2008 ½ã£¾ãñ ¹ããñ¹ã›Œãñ¡ ÊãÜãì ãäÔãâÞã¶ã

¹ãÆ‡ãŠÊ¹ã (›¹¹ãã - II) Þãñ ½ãìŒ¾ã ºããâ£ã‡ãŠã½ã ‡ãŠã¾ãÃ ‚ãâªã•ã¹ã¨ã‡ãŠãÊãã ` 21.49 ‡ãŠãñ›ãè Þããè ¦ããâãä¨ã‡ãŠ ½ãâ•ãìÀãè

ãäªÊããè. †‡ãŠã ‡ãŠâ¨ãã›ªãÀãÊãã ` 23.42 ‡ãŠãñ›ãè ½ã£¾ãñ (ãä¶ããäÌãªñ¦ã ãäªÊãñÊ¾ãã ` 20.65 ‡ãŠãñ›ãè ÌãÀ

13.40 ›‡ã‹‡ãŠñ ‚ããä£ã‡ãŠ ªÀã¶ãñ) ‡ãŠã½ã ¹ãÆªã¶ã ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ãã¦ã ‚ããÊãñ (ãä¡ÔãñâºãÀ 2008). ‡ãŠã½ã ¹ãî¥ãÃ ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ããÞãã

ãäÌããä¶ããäªÃÓ› ‚ãÌã£ããè 24 ½ããäÖ¶¾ããâÞãã (ãä¡ÔãñâºãÀ 2010) Öãñ¦ãã. ½ããÞãÃ 2011 ¹ã¾ãÄ¦ã ÔãªÀ ‡ãŠã½ããÌãÀ

‡ãŠâ¨ãã›ªãÀã¶ãñ ` 28.89 ‡ãŠãñ›ãè À‡ãŠ½ãñÞãñ ‡ãŠã½ã ãä¶ãÓ¹ãããäª¦ã ‡ãŠñÊãñ ‚ãããä¥ã ¦¾ãã¶ãâ¦ãÀ £ãÀ¥ããÞ¾ãã ½ãìŒ¾ã

ãäÌã½ããñÞã‡ãŠãÞãñ (head regulator) Ôãâºãâãä£ã¦ã ‡ãŠã½ã ¶ã ¢ããÊ¾ãã½ãìßñ ‡ãŠã½ã ‚ããù‡ã‹›ãñºãÀ 2013 ¹ããÔãî¶ã Ô©ããäØã¦ã

‡ãŠÀ¥¾ãã¦ã ‚ããÊãñ.

‡ãŠã¾ãÃ‡ãŠãÀãè ‚ããä¼ã¾ãâ¦ãã, ÊãÜãì ãäÔãâÞã¶ã ãäÌã¼ããØã ‡ãÆŠ. 2, ‚ã‡ãŠãñÊãã ÛããâÞ¾ãã ‚ããä¼ãÊãñŒããâÞ¾ãã œã¶ã¶ããè¦ã

(‚ããùØãÔ› 2011) ‚ãÔãñ ‚ãã¤ßÊãñ ‡ãŠãè •ãî¶ã 2004 ½ã£¾ãñ ¹ãî¥ãÃ ¢ããÊãñÊ¾ãã ¹ããñ¹ã›Œãñ¡ ÊãÜãì ãäÔãâÞã¶ã ¹ãÆ‡ãŠÊ¹ã

›¹¹ãã - I ¾ãã ‡ãŠã½ããÞ¾ãã ÔãâÀÞã¶ãã ‚ãããä¥ã ½ãããäÖ¦ããèÞ¾ãã ‚ãã£ããÀãÌãÀ ¹ããñ¹ã›Œãñ¡ ›¹¹ãã - II Þããè ÔãâÀÞã¶ãã

‚ãããä¥ã ÔããäÌãÔ¦ãÀ ‚ãâªã•ã¹ã¨ã‡ãñŠ ¦ã¾ããÀ ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ãã¦ã ‚ããÊããè Öãñ¦ããè. •ãÊãÀãñ£ã‡ãŠ Œãâª‡ãŠãÞããè ŒããñÊããè Öãè

¹ãÆ¦¾ãàã ‚ãâ½ãÊãºã•ããÌã¥ããèÞ¾ãã ÌãñßñÔã ãä¶ããäÍÞã¦ã ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ãã¦ã ¾ãñƒÃÊã ‚ãÔãñÖãè ¹ãÆ‡ãŠÊ¹ããÞ¾ãã ›¹¹ãã - II Þ¾ãã

ÔããäÌãÔ¦ãÀ ‚ãâªã•ã¹ã¨ã‡ãŠã¦ã ¶ã½ãîª ‡ãñŠÊãñ Öãñ¦ãñ. ¦¾ãã¶ãìÔããÀ ¹ãÆãÀâ¼ããè •ãÊãÀãñ£ã‡ãŠ Œãâª‡ãŠãÞããè ŒããñÊããè ¹ããÞã ¦ãñ

Ôãã¦ã ½ããè›À ‚ãÔããÌããè ‚ãããä¥ã ¦¾ãã¦ã ¼ãÀ¥¾ããÔããŸãè 58,568 Üã¶ã ½ããè›À ‡ãŠãßãè ½ãã¦ããè ÊããØã¥ããÀ, ‚ãÔãñ

ãä¶ããäÌãªñ¦ã (` 167.60 ¹ãÆãä¦ã Üã¶ã ½ããè›À ªÀã¶ãñ) ‚ãâªããä•ã¦ã ‡ãñŠÊãñ Öãñ¦ãñ. •ãã¶ãñÌããÀãè 2009 ½ã£¾ãñ

‡ãŠâ¨ãã›ªãÀã¶ãñ •ãÊãÀãñ£ã‡ãŠ Œãâª‡ãŠã ÔããŸãè „¦Œã¶ã¶ããÞãñ ‡ãŠã½ã ¹ãî¥ãÃ ‡ãñŠÊãñ ‚ãããä¥ã ¦¾ãã ªÀ½¾ãã¶ã ‚ãÔãñ

‚ãã¤ßÊãñ ‡ãŠãè ¹ããÞã ¦ãñ Ôãã¦ã ½ããè›ÀÞ¾ãã ŒããñÊããè ¹ã¾ãÃâ¦ã ¼ãñ²ã Œã¡‡ãŠ ‚ãÔãÊ¾ãã½ãìßñ ƒãäÞœ¦ã ¹ãÆ¦ããèÞ¾ãã

‡ãŠŸãè¥ã Œã¡‡ãŠãÔããŸãè, 20 ½ããè›À ŒããñÊããè ¹ã¾ãÄ¦ã Þãñ „¦Œã¶ã¶ã ‡ãŠÀãÌãñ ÊããØãÊãñ. ¹ããäÀ¥ãã½ããè, •ãÊãÀãñ£ã‡ãŠ

Œãâª‡ãŠãÔããŸãè ÊããØã¥ããÅ ¾ãã ‡ãŠãß¿ãã ½ãã¦ããèÞãñ ¹ããäÀ½ãã¥ã 1,71,312 Üã¶ã ½ããè›À ¶ãñ Ìãã¤Êãñ. ‡ãŠã¾ãÃ‡ãŠãÀãè

‚ããä¼ã¾ãâ¦ãã ¾ããâ¶ããè ‡ãŠâ¨ãã›ãÞ¾ãã Œãâ¡ 38 ‚ãâ¦ãØãÃ¦ã ‡ãâŠ¨ãã›ªãÀãÊãã ‡ãŠãß¿ãã ½ãã¦ããèÞ¾ãã Ìãã¤ãèÌã

¹ããäÀ½ãã¥ããÞ¾ãã ¼ãìØã¦ãã¶ããÞ¾ãã ½ãâ•ãìÀãèÞãã ¹ãÆÔ¦ããÌã ½ããâ¡Êãã (ãä¡ÔãñâºãÀ 2009). ` 403.30 ¹ãÆãä¦ã Üã¶ã

57•ããä½ã¶ããèÞãñ ‡ãŠãäŸ¥ã Œã¡‡ãŠ/½ã„Š Œã¡‡ãŠ ‚ãÔãñ ©ãÀ •¾ãã¦ãì¶ã ¹ãã¥ããè ¹ãã¢ãÀŠ Íã‡ãŠ¦ã ¶ããÖãè, ‚ãÍãã ¹ãÆ‡ãŠãÀÞ¾ãã ©ãÀãâ¶ãã ‘¶ã ¹ãã¢ãÀ¥ããÀñ’ ©ãÀ

½Ö¥ã¦ãã¦ã. £ãÀ¥ããÞãñ •ãÊã Àãñ£ã‡ãŠ Œãâª‡ãŠ ‚ãÍãã ©ãÀãâÌãÀ ŸñÌã¦ãã¦ã •¾ãã½ãìßñ ãä¢ãÀ¹ã¥ãñ ›ãß¦ãã ¾ãñ¦ãñ

58£ãÀ¥ããÞ¾ãã ¦ãßãÍããè ‚ã©ãÌãã ƒ¦ãÀ ÔãâÀÞã¶ãñ¦ã ‡ãŠñÊãñÊãñ „¦Œã¶ã¶ã ¶ã ¹ãã¢ãÀ¥ããÅ ¾ãã ÔãããäÖ¦¾ãã¶ãñ ¼ãÀ¥¾ãã¦ã ¾ãñ¦ãñ •¾ãã½ãìßñ ãä¢ãÀ¹ã¥ãñ ‡ãŠ½ããè Öãñ¦ãñ


68

½ããè›À ªÀã¶ãñ 98,102

59

Üã¶ã ½ããè›À ‚ããä¦ããäÀ‡ã‹¦ã ¹ããäÀ½ãã¥ãã Þãñ ãä¶ãÓ¹ããª¶ã ‡ãŠã¾ãÃ‡ãŠãÀãè ÔãâÞããÊã‡ãŠ, ãäÌãª¼ãÃ

¹ãã›ºãâ£ããÀñ ãäÌã‡ãŠãÔã ½ãÖã½ãâ¡ß ¾ããâ¶ããè ¹ãŠñºãÆìÌããÀãè 2011 ½ã£¾ãñ ½ãâ•ãîÀ ‡ãŠñÊãñ. ‚ãÍãã¹ãÆ‡ãŠãÀñ ‚ãâªã•ã¹ã¨ã‡ãŠñ

¦ã¾ããÀ ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ãã¹ãîÌããê ¹ãðÓŸ¼ããØã ¹ãÀãèàã¥ããÞ¾ãã ‚ã¼ããÌãã½ãìßñ ` 2.31 ‡ãŠãñ›ãè

60

•ããªã ŒãÞãÃ ¢ããÊãã.

¾ããŒãñÀãè•ã, ÔããÌãÃ•ããä¶ã‡ãŠ ºããâ£ã‡ãŠã½ã ãä¶ãªñÍã ¹ãìãäÔ¦ã‡ãŠã ¹ããäÀÞœñª 55 (D) ‚ã¶ãìÔããÀ ½ããñŸ¿ãã ãäÔãâÞã¶ã

¹ãÆ‡ãŠÊ¹ããÞ¾ãã ¹ãîÌãÃ ºããâ£ã‡ãŠã½ãã Ôãâºãâ£ããèÞãñ ãä¶ã¾ããñ•ã¶ã ‚ãããä¥ã ÀñŒãããäÞã¨ã ½ã£¾ãÌã¦ããèÃ Ôãâ‡ãŠÊ¹ããäÞã¨ã ÔãâÜã›¶ãã,

¶ãããäÍã‡ãŠ ¾ããâÞãñ‡ãŠ¡ñ ¹ã¡¦ããß¥ããè ‚ãããä¥ã ½ãâ•ãìÀãè ÔããŸãè ¹ããŸÌããÌã¾ããÔã ¹ãããäÖ•ãñ. ½ã£¾ãÌã¦ããèÃ Ôãâ‡ãŠÊ¹ããäÞã¨ã

ÔãâÜã›¶ãñ´ãÀñ ÔãâÀÞã¶ãã ‚ãããä¥ã ÀñŒãããäÞã¨ãã¦ã ÔãìÞããäÌãÊãñÊãñ ºãªÊã ¦¾ãã¦ã ‚ãâ¦ã¼ãîÃ¦ã ‡ãŠÀãÌã¾ããÔã ¹ãããäÖ•ãñ

‚ãããä¥ã ‡ãŠã½ããâÞãñ ãä¶ãÓ¹ããª¶ã ¦¾ãã¶ãìÔããÀ ‡ãŠÀãÌã¾ããÔã ¹ãããäÖ•ãñ.

ÊãñŒãã¹ãÀãèàãñÔã ‚ãÔãñ ‚ãã¤ßÊãñ ‡ãŠãè ‚ã£ããèàã‡ãŠ ‚ããä¼ã¾ãâ¦ãã, ºãìÊã¤ã¥ãã ãäÔãâÞã¶ã ¹ãÆ‡ãŠÊ¹ã ½ãâ¡ß, ºãìÊã¤ã¥ãã

¾ããâ¶ããè ãäÔÊã¹ã Ôã‡ãŠÃÊã ãäÌãÍÊãñÓã¥ããÌãÀ

61

‚ãã£ãããäÀ¦ã ›¹¹ãã-II ‡ãŠã› œñªãÞ¾ãã ÀÞã¶ãñÞãã ¹ãÆÔ¦ããÌã

11 ãä¡ÔãñâºãÀ 2008 Êãã, ½Ö¥ã•ãñÞã ‡ãŠã¾ãÃ ºãÖãÊããèÞ¾ãã (15 ãä¡ÔãñâºãÀ 2008) ¹ãŠ‡ã‹¦ã ÞããÀ ãäªÌãÔã ‚ãØããñªÀ

‚ã£ããèàã‡ãŠ ‚ããä¼ã¾ãâ¦ãã (½ãã¦ããè£ãÀ¥ã), ½ã£¾ãÌã¦ããèÃ Ôãâ‡ãŠÊ¹ããäÞã¨ã ÔãâÜã›¶ãã, ¶ãããäÍã‡ãŠ ¾ããâ¶ãã ÔããªÀ ‡ãŠñÊãã.

‚ã£ããèàã‡ãŠ ‚ããä¼ã¾ãâ¦ãã, ½ã£¾ãÌã¦ããèÃ Ôãâ‡ãŠÊ¹ããäÞã¨ã ÔãâÜã›¶ãã, ¶ãããäÍã‡ãŠ ¾ããâ¶ããè ãäÔ©ãÀ¦ãã ¹ããäÀØã¥ã¶ãñÞ¾ãã

¹ããäÀ¥ãã½ããâÌãÀ ‚ãã£ãããäÀ¦ã, ›¹¹ãã - II ¹ãÆ‡ãŠÊ¹ããÞ¾ãã ½ãã¦ããè£ãÀ¥ããÞ¾ãã ‡ãŠã›œñªãÞããè Ôãì£ãããäÀ¦ã ÔãâÀÞã¶ãã

‡ãŠßãäÌãÊããè (½ããÞãÃ 2009). £ãÀ¥ããÞ¾ãã ‡ãŠã› œñªãÞ¾ãã ÔãâÀÞã¶ãñ ½ã£¾ãñ ºãªÊã ¢ããÊ¾ãã½ãìßñ

‚ãÔ¦ãÀãè‡ãŠÀ¥ããÞ¾ãã ¹ãÆ½ãã¥ãã¦ã, ãä¶ããäÌãªñ¦ããèÊã ¹ãÆ½ãã¥ã ½Ö¥ã•ãñÞã 7,64,466 Üã¶ã ½ããè›À Öî¶ã 12,20,160

Üã¶ã ½ããè›À ¹ã¾ãÃâ¦ã ‚ãÍããè ºãÀãèÞã ½ããñŸãè Ìãã¤ ¢ããÊããè. ‡ãŠâ¨ãã›ãÞ¾ãã Œãâ¡ 38 ‚ãâ¦ãØãÃ¦ã ‚ãÔ¦ãÀãè‡ãŠÀ¥ããÞ¾ãã

¹ãÆ½ãã¥ãã¦ã (2,64,577 Üã¶ã ½ããè›À)

62

¢ããÊãñÊ¾ãã Ìãã¤ãè ÔããŸãè ¼ãìØã¦ãã¶ã ½ãâ•ãîÀ ¢ããÊãñ (¹ãñŠºãÆìÌããÀãè 2011).

¹ããäÀ¥ãã½ããè, ÍããÔã¶ããÊãã ` 20.64 Êãàã

63

Þãã •ããªã ŒãÞãÃ ¢ããÊãã.

Öñ ãä¶ãªÍãÃ¶ããÔã ‚ãã¥ãî¶ã ãäªÊ¾ããÌãÀ, ‡ãŠã¾ãÃ‡ãŠãÀãè ‚ããä¼ã¾ãâ¦ãã Ûããâ¶ããè ¶ã½ãîª ‡ãŠñÊãñ (†ãä¹ãÆÊã 2013 ‚ãããä¥ã

•ãî¶ã 2013) ‡ãŠãè ¹ããñ¹ã›Œãñ¡ (›¹¹ãã - II) ¹ãÆ‡ãŠÊ¹ã Öñ ¹ããñ¹ã›Œãñ¡ (›¹¹ãã - I) ¹ãÆ‡ãŠÊ¹ãã ÊãØã¦ãÞã ‚ãÔãî¶ã

ªãñ¶ãÖãè £ãÀ¥ãñ ½ãã¦ããè£ãÀ¥ãñ ‚ãÔãÊ¾ãã½ãìßñ ¹ãÆ‡ãŠÊ¹ããÞ¾ãã ›¹¹ãã - I Þãñ ‡ãŠã› œñª ¹ãÆ‡ãŠÊ¹ããÞ¾ãã ›¹¹ãã - II Þããè

‚ãâªã•ã¹ã¨ã‡ãŠñ ºã¶ããäÌã¥¾ããÔããŸãè Ìãã¹ãÀ¥¾ãã¦ã ‚ããÊããè, •¾ããÊãã ¶ãâ¦ãÀ ½ãâ•ãìÀãè ªñ¥¾ãã¦ã ‚ããÊããè.

„§ãÀ ÔÌããè‡ãŠã¾ãÃ ¶ãÌÖ¦ãñ ‡ãŠãÀ¥ã ‚ãâªã•ã¹ã¨ã‡ãŠñ ¦ã¾ããÀ ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ãã¹ãîÌããèÃ ¹ãðÓŸ¼ããØããÞãñ ãä¶ãÀãèàã¥ã ‡ãñŠÊãñ ØãñÊãñ

¶ãÌÖ¦ãñ, •¾ãã½ãìßñ ¶ã ‡ãŠñÌãß ãä¶ã¾ã½ããÌãÊããè¦ã ãäªÊãñÊ¾ãã ¦ãÀ¦ãîªãèâÞãñ ‚ãããä¥ã ÍããÔã¶ã ÔãîÞã¶ããâÞãñ „ÊÊãâÜã¶ã

¢ããÊãñ ¦ãÀ ` 2.31 ‡ãŠãñ›ãèÞãã •ããªã ŒãÞãÃ Öãè ¢ããÊãã. ‡ãŠã¾ãÃ‡ãŠãÀãè ‚ããä¼ã¾ãâ¦ãã ¾ããâÞãñ ´ãÀñ ¹ãÆÔ¦ããÌã

½ã£¾ãÌã¦ããèÃ Ôãâ‡ãŠÊ¹ããäÞã¨ã ÔãâÜã›¶ãã, ¶ãããäÍã‡ãŠ ¾ããâÞãñ‡ãŠ¡ñ £ãÀ¥ããÞããè ÔãâÀÞã¶ãã Ìã ÀñŒãããäÞã¨ã ½ãâ•ãìÀãèÔããŸãè

59i)‡ãŠÀãÀ ¹ããäÀ½ãã¥ã = 58,568 Üã¶ã ½ããè›À

ii) ‡ãŠÀãÀ ¹ããäÀ½ãã¥ããÞ¾ãã 125 ›‡ã‹‡ãñŠ ¹ã¾ãÄ¦ã ‚ã¶ãì—ãñ¾ã ¹ããäÀ½ãã¥ã = 73,210 Üã¶ã ½ããè›À

iii) ¹ãî¥ãÃ¦ã: Ôãì£ãããäÀ¦ã ¹ããäÀ½ãã¥ã = 1,71,312 Üã¶ã ½ããè›À

iv) ‚ããä¦ããäÀ‡ã‹¦ã ¹ããäÀ½ãã¥ã (iii-ii) = 98,102 Üã¶ã ½ããè.

60 ` 403.30 - ` 167.60 = ` 235.70 x 98,102 Üã¶ã ½ããè. = ` 2,31,22,641.40

61Öãè £ãÀ¥ãñ, ‡ãŠãÊãÌãñ ƒ¦¾ããªãèâÞ¾ãã ½ãã¦ããè ºãâ£ããÅ ¾ããâÞ¾ãã „¦ããÀãâÞ¾ãã ãäÔ©ãÀ¦ãñÞãã ‚ã¼¾ããÔã ‚ãããä¥ã ãäÌãÍÊãñÓã¥ã ‡ãŠÀãÌã¾ããÞããè †‡ãŠ ¹ã®¦ããè ‚ããÖñ.

62(i) ‡ãŠÀãÀã¶ãìÔããÀ ½ãìß ¹ããäÀ½ãã¥ã : 7,64,466 Üã¶ã ½ããè›À (` 109 ¹ãÆãä¦ã Üã¶ã ½ããè›À ¹ãÆ½ãã¥ãñ)

(ii) ¹ããäÀ½ãã¥ããÞ¾ãã 125 ›‡ã‹‡ãŠñ ¹ã¾ãÃâ¦ã : 9,55,583 Üã¶ã ½ããè›À

(iii) ¹ãî¥ãÃ¦ã: Ôãì£ãããäÀ¦ã ¹ããäÀ½ãã¥ã : 12,20,160 Üã¶ã ½ããè›À

(iv) ‚ããä¦ããäÀ‡ã‹¦ã ¹ããäÀ½ãã¥ã : 12,20,160 Üã¶ã ½ããè›À - 9,55,583 Üã¶ã ½ããè›À = 2,64,577 Üã¶ã ½ããè›À (` 116.80 ¹ãÆãä¦ã Üã¶ã ½ããè›À

¹ãÆ½ãã¥ãñ)

63‚ããä¦ããäÀ‡ã‹¦ã ŒãÞãÃ : 2,64,577 Üã¶ã ½ããè›À X ` 7.80 (` 116.80 - ` 109) = ` 20,63,700


69

„ãäÍãÀã¶ãñ ¹ããŸãäÌã¥ãñ, •¾ãã½ãìßñ ` 20.64 Êãàã Þãã •ããªã ŒãÞãÃ ¢ããÊãã, ¾ããºããºã¦ã ‡ãŠãñ¥ã¦ãñÖãè „¦¦ãÀ

ÔããªÀ ‡ãŠñÊãñ ¶ããÖãè.

Öãè ºããºã •ãî¶ã 2013 ½ã£¾ãñ ÍããÔã¶ããÔã ‡ãŠßãäÌã¥¾ãã¦ã ‚ããÊããè; •ãã¶ãñÌããÀãè 2014 ¹ã¾ãÃâ¦ã ¦¾ããâÞãñ „§ãÀ


3.1.4 •ããªã ŒãÞãÃ ‚ãããä¥ã ‡ãŠâ¨ãã›ªã¿ãÊãã ‚ãÖñ¦ãì‡ãŠ Êãã»ã

‡ãŠŸãè¥ã Œã¡‡ãŠãÞãñ ãä¶ã½ãâãä¨ã¦ã Ô¹ãŠãñ›ã ´ã¿ñ „¦Œã¶ã¶ããÔããŸãè Þãìãä‡ãŠÞãñ ª¿ ÊããÌãÊ½ãã¼ãìßñ ` 38.43

ÊãàãÞãã •ããªã ŒãÞãÃ ‚ãããä¥ã ‡ãŠâ¨ãã›ªã¿ãÊãã ¦ãñÌã¤ã ‚ãÖñ¦ãì‡ãŠ Êãã»ã ¢ããÊãã.

ƒÔãã¹ãîÀ „•ãÌ¾ãã ‡ãŠãÊãÌ¾ããÞ¾ãã ãä¦ãÀ‡ãŠÔãÌãã¡ãè ÍããŒãã ‡ãŠãÊãÌ¾ããÞãñ ãä‡ãŠ.½ããè. 18.50 ¦ãñ 36.00 ½ã£ããèÊã

„ÌãÃãäÀ¦ã ½ãã¦ããè‡ãŠã½ã ‚ãããä¥ã ‚ãÔ¦ãÀãè‡ãŠÀ¥ããÞãñ ‡ãŠã½ã †‡ãŠã ‡ãŠâ¨ãã›ªãÀãÊãã ` 9.01 ‡ãŠãñ›ãè ºããñÊããè

ãä‡ãŠâ½ã¦ããè¦ã (ãä¶ããäÌãªã ãä‡ãŠâ½ã¦ã ` 6.69 ‡ãŠãñ›ãè ¹ãñàãã 34.76 ›‡ã‹‡ãŠñ •ããÔ¦ã ªÀã¶ãñ) 24 ½ããäÖ¶¾ããÞ¾ãã

(†ãä¹ãÆÊã 2010) ‡ãŠÀãÀãä¶ããäÌãÓ› ‡ãŠãÊããÌã£ããè¦ã ¹ãî¥ãÃ ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ãã‡ãŠãäÀ¦ãã ªñ¥¾ãã¦ã ‚ããÊãñ (†ãä¹ãÆÊã 2008).

ãä¡ÔãñâºãÀ 2009 ½ã£¾ãñ ‡ãŠã½ããÞããè ãä‡ãŠâ½ã¦ã Ôãì£ããÀŠ¶ã ` 28.23 ‡ãŠãñ›ãè ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ãã¦ã ‚ããÊããè ‚ãããä¥ã

‡ãŠâ¨ãã›ªãÀãÊãã 31 ½ããÞãÃ 2012 ¹ã¾ãÃâ¦ã ½ãìª¦ãÌãã¤ ªñ¥¾ãã¦ã ‚ããÊããè. ÔãªÀ ‡ãŠã½ã ¹ãÆ¦¾ãàãã¦ã ½ããÞãÃ 2012

½ã£¾ãñ ¹ãî¥ãÃ ¢ããÊãñ ‚ãããä¥ã 10 Ì¾ãã ÞããÊãî ÊãñŒãã ªñ¾ã‡ãŠã ¹ã¾ãÃâ¦ã (•ãã¶ãñÌããÀãè 2013) ‡ãŠâ¨ãã›ªãÀãÊãã

` 28.10 ‡ãŠãñ›ãèÞãñ ¼ãìØã¦ãã¶ã ¢ããÊãñ Öãñ¦ãñ.

àãñãä¨ã¾ã ªÀÔãîÞããè¦ã (RSRs) ãäªÊãñÊ¾ãã ªÀã½ã£¾ãñ ãä¶ã¾ãâãä¨ã¦ã Ô¹ãŠãñ›ã´ãÀñ ‡ãŠãäŸ¥ã Œã¡‡ãŠã¦ããèÊã

Œããñª‡ãŠã½ããÞ¾ãã ½ãîß ªÀã¦ã ªì¾¾ã½ã Ô¹ãŠãñ›ãÞããè

64

ãä‡ãŠâ½ã¦ã ‚ãâ¦ã¼ãîÃ¦ã ‚ãÔã¦ãñ. ‚ã£ããèàã‡ãŠ ‚ããä¼ã¾ãâ¦ãã,

‚ããõÀâØããºããª ãäÔãâÞã¶ã ½ãâ¡ß, ‚ããõÀâØããºããª ¾ããâ¶ããè ‚ããõÀâØããºããª àãñ¨ããÔããŸãè ªÀ ÔãîÞããè ¦ã¾ããÀ ‡ãŠñÊããè Öãñ¦ããè

Ìã ¦¾ããâ¶ããè ÊãñŒãã¹ãÀãèàãñÊãã Œãã¨ããè ãäªÊããè (•ãî¶ã 2013) ‡ãŠãè ãä¶ã¾ãâãä¨ã¦ã Ô¹ãŠãñ›ãÞ¾ãã ªÀ ¹ãð©ã‡ã‹‡ãŠÀ¥ãã¦ã

ªì¾¾ã½ã Ô¹ãŠãñ›ãÞ¾ãã ãä‡ãŠâ½ã¦ããè ãäÌãÞããÀã¦ã Üãñ¦ãÊ¾ãã Öãñ¦¾ãã.

‚ããä¼ãÊãñŒããââÞ¾ãã ¹ã¡¦ããß¥ããè¦ã (¶ããñÌÖñâºãÀ 2011) ‚ãÔãñ ãä¶ãªÍãÃ¶ããÔã ‚ããÊãñ ‡ãŠãè ‡ãŠã¾ãÃ‡ãŠãÀãè ‚ããä¼ã¾ãâ¦ãã

¾ããâ¶ããè ãä¶ã¾ãâãä¨ã¦ã Ô¹ãŠãñ›ã´ãÀñ ‡ãŠŸãè¥ã Œã¡‡ãŠã¦ããèÊã ‡ãŠãñÀ¡¿ãã Ìãã¦ããÌãÀ¥ãã¦ããèÊã ‚ãããä¥ã ‚ããñÊ¾ãã

Ìãã¦ããÌãÀ¥ãã¦ããèÊã ãä‡ãŠâ½ã¦ã ‡ãÆŠ½ãÍã: ` 1.35 ‡ãŠãñ›ãè

65

‚ãããä¥ã ` 53.55 Êãàã

66

ƒ¦ã‡ãŠãè ‚ããä¦ããäÀ‡ã‹¦ã ºããºã

ªÀÔãîÞããè ½ãâ•ãîÀ ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ããÞãã ¹ãÆÔ¦ããÌã ÔããªÀ ‡ãŠñÊãã (¶ããñÌÖñâºãÀ 2009). Öã ¹ãÆÔ¦ããÌã ½ãìŒ¾ã ‚ããä¼ã¾ãâ¦ãã Ìã

½ãìŒ¾ã ¹ãÆÍããÔã‡ãŠ, Êãã¼ãàãñ¨ã ãäÌã‡ãŠãÔã ¹ãÆããä£ã‡ãŠãÀãè (CADA), ‚ããõÀâØããºããª ¾ããâ¶ããè ½ãã¶¾ã ‡ãŠñÊãã (ãä¡ÔãñâºãÀ

2009).

‚ã£ããèàã‡ãŠ ‚ããä¼ã¾ãâ¦ãã, „Š£ÌãÃ ¹ãñ¶ãØãâØãã ¹ãÆ‡ãŠÊ¹ã ½ãâ¡ß, ¶ããâªñ¡ ´ãÀã ½ãâ•ãîÀ ªÀ ¹ãð©ã‡ã‹‡ãŠÀ¥ããÞ¾ãã

¹ã¡¦ããß¥ããè¦ã ‚ãÔãñ ãä¶ãªÍãÃ¶ããÔã ‚ããÊãñ ‡ãŠãè ãä¶ã¾ãâãä¨ã¦ã Ô¹ãŠãñ›ãÞãñ ‚ãâãä¦ã½ã ªÀ ãä¶ããäÍÞã¦ã ‡ãŠÀ¦ããâ¶ãã,

‡ãŠãñÀ¡¿ãã Ìãã¦ããÌãÀ¥ãã¦ã ` 146.70 ¹ãÆãä¦ã Üã¶ã ½ããè›À ªÀã¶ãñ ªì¾¾ã½ã Ô¹ãŠãñ›ãÞãñ Üã›‡ãŠ Ôãì®ã ½ããñ•ã¥¾ãã¦ã

‚ããÊãñ, •¾ããÞãã ¹ããäÀ¥ãã½ã ¹ããä¿ãäÍãÓ› 3.2 ½ã£¾ãñ ªÍãÃãäÌãÊ¾ãã ¹ãÆ½ãã¥ãñ ` 38.43 Êãàã Þãã ‚ããä¦ããäÀ‡ã‹¦ã

64ªì¾¾ã½ã Ô¹ãŠãñ› Öãè Œã¡‡ãŠãÞãã ¼ããØã Œãã¥ããè¦ã ¹ãì¶ã: Ô¹ãŠãñ› ‡ãŠÀŠ¶ã ¦¾ããÞãñ ¦ãì‡ãŠ¡ñ ‡ãŠÀŠ¶ã ‡ãŠ½ããè ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ããÞããè ¹ã®¦ããè ‚ããÖñ •¾ãã½ãìßñ „¦Œã¶ã¶ã Ìã

¹ãŠãñ¡¥ããè ¾ãâ¨ããä‡ãŠ¦ãñ Öã¦ããß¥¾ãã ÔããŸãè „¹ãÊãº£ã Öãñ¦ããèÊã.

6526,349.44 Üã¶ã ½ããè›À ` 512.10 ¹ãÆãä¦ã Üã¶ã ½ããè›À ¾ãã ªÀã¶ãñ

668,783.15 Üã¶ã ½ããè›À ` 609.65 ¹ãÆãä¦ã Üã¶ã ½ããè›À ¾ãã ªÀã¶ãñ


70

ŒãÞãÃ ‚ãããä¥ã ‡ãŠâ¨ãã›ªãÀãÊãã ‚ãÖñ¦ãì‡ãŠ Êãã¼ã Öãñ¥¾ãã¦ã ¢ããÊãã. ¾ãããäÍãÌãã¾ã, ªì¾¾ã½ã Ô¹ãŠãñ›ãÞ¾ãã

½ããñ•ã½ãã¹ããÞããè ½ãã¹ã¶ã ¹ãìãäÔ¦ã‡ãŠñ½ã£¾ãñ ¶ããñâª ‚ãã¤ßî¶ã ‚ããÊããè ¶ããÖãè, ¦ãÔãñÞã ªì¾¾ã½ã Ô¹ãŠãñ›ãÔããŸãè

„¹ã¾ããñØãã¦ã ‚ãã¥ãÊãñÊ¾ãã Ô¹ãŠãñ›‡ãŠãâÞ¾ãã ¹ããäÀ½ãã¥ããÞããè ¹ã¡¦ããß¥ããè ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ããÔããŸãè Ô¹ãŠãñ›‡ãŠãâÞããè ÔããŸã ¶ããñâª

ÌãÖãè Ôãì£ªã ÊãñŒãã¹ãÀãèàãñÔã ÔããªÀ ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ãã¦ã ‚ããÊããè ¶ããÖãè.

Öñ ãä¶ãªÍãÃ¶ããÔã ‚ãã¥ãî¶ã ãäªÊ¾ããÌãÀ ‡ãŠã¾ãÃ‡ãŠãÀãè ‚ããä¼ã¾ãâ¦¾ãã¶ããè ¶ã½ãîª ‡ãŠñÊãñ (¶ããñÌÖñâºãÀ 2011) ‡ãŠãè ‡ãŠŸãè¥ã

¼ãîÔ¦ãÀãÞ¾ãã „¦Œã¶ã¶ãã¦ã ãäÌããäÍãÓ› ¹ãÆ‡ãŠãÀÞãã ªØã¡ ÊããØãÊãã •¾ããÔããŸãè ªì¾¾ã½ã Ô¹ãŠãñ›ãÞããè ‚ããÌãÍ¾ã‡ãŠ¦ãã

¼ããÔãÊããè. ‡ãŠã½ããÞ¾ãã ãäŸ‡ãŠã¥ããÌãÀãèÊã ¹ããäÀãäÔ©ã¦ããè ¹ãÆ½ãã¥ãñ ªÀ ¹ãð©ã‡ã‹‡ãŠÀ¥ã ¦ã¾ããÀ ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ãã¦ã ‚ããÊãñ

‚ãããä¥ã ‚ããä¦ããäÀ‡ã‹¦ã ºããºã ªÀ ÔãîÞããè Ôãàã½ã ‚ããä£ã‡ãŠãÅ ¾ããâ‡ãŠ¡î¶ã ½ãâ•ãîÀ ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ãã¦ã ‚ããÊããè. ¦¾ããâ¶ããè ‚ãÔãñ Öãè

¶ã½ãîª ‡ãŠñÊãñ ‡ãŠãè †‡ãŠªã „¦Œã¶ã¶ãã´ãÀñ ¹ãÆã¹¦ã ¢ããÊãñÊ¾ãã Ôãã½ãØãÆãèÞ¾ãã ½ãã¹ã¶ããÞããè ¶ããñâª Üãñ¦ãÊ¾ããÌãÀ,

ªì¾¾ã½ã Ô¹ãŠãñ›ã´ãÀñ „¦Œã¶ã¶ãã¶ãâ¦ãÀ ¹ãÆã¹¦ã ¢ããÊãñÊ¾ãã Ôãã½ãØãÆãèÞ¾ãã ¹ããäÀ½ãã¥ããÞããè ‚ãÞãî‡ãŠ ¶ããñâª ‡ãŠÀ¥ãñ

Íã‡ã‹¾ã ¶ããÖãè ‚ãããä¥ã •ãÀ ‚ãÔãñ ‡ãŠñÊãñ ¦ãÀ ‚ãã£ããèÞ¾ããÞã ½ãã¹ã¶ããÞããè ¹ãì¶ãÀãÌãð§ããè ÖãñƒÃÊã.

‡ãŠã¾ãÃ‡ãŠãÀãè ‚ããä¼ã¾ãâ¦¾ãã¶ããè ÔããªÀ ‡ãŠñÊãñÊãñ „§ãÀ ½ãã¶¾ã ¶ããÖãè, ‡ãŠãÀ¥ã àãñãä¨ã¾ã ªÀÔãîÞããèÞ¾ãã (RSR) ½ãîß

ªÀã½ã£¾ãñ ‚ãã£ããèÞã ªì¾¾ã½ã Ô¹ãŠãñ›ãÞããè ¦ãÀ¦ãîª ‡ãŠñÊãñÊããè ‚ããÖñ. ¦ãÔãñÞã, ªì¾¾ã½ã Ô¹ãŠãñ›ã Ôãâºãâãä£ã¦ã

ÔããäÌãÔ¦ãÀ ÔãîÞã¶ãã ÔããÌãÃ•ããä¶ã‡ãŠ ºããâ£ã‡ãŠã½ã Öâù¡ºãî‡ãŠÞ¾ãã ¹ããäÀÞœñª 6.1.3.5 ½ã£¾ãñ ãäªÊ¾ãã ‚ããÖñ¦ã •¾ãã¦ã

„¦Œã¶ã¶ã ‡ãŠÀãÌã¾ããÞ¾ãã ºããñÊ¡ÔãÃÞ¾ãã ‚ãã‡ãŠãÀãÔããŸãè ‚ããÌãÍ¾ã‡ãŠ ªì¾¾ã½ã Ô¹ãŠãñ›‡ãŠãâÞãñ ¹ããäÀ½ãã¥ã ãäÌããäÖ¦ã

‡ãŠñÊ¾ãã ØãñÊãñ ‚ããÖñ ‚ãããä¥ã ½ãã¹ã¶ããÔããŸãè Öñ ¹ããäÀ½ãã¥ã Ìãã¹ãÀŠ¶ã ªì¾¾ã½ã Ô¹ãŠãñ›ãÞ¾ãã ½ãã¹ã¶ããÞããè ‚ãããä¥ã

„¹ã¾ããñØãã¦ã ‚ãã¥ãÊãñÊ¾ãã Ô¹ãŠãñ›‡ãŠãâÞããè ¶ããñâª Üãñ¥ãñ Íã‡ã‹¾ã Öãñ¦ãñ.

Öãè ºããºã •ãî¶ã 2013 ½ã£¾ãñ ÍããÔã¶ããÔã ‡ãŠßãäÌã¥¾ãã¦ã ‚ããÊããè; •ãã¶ãñÌããÀãè 2014 ¹ã¾ãÃâ¦ã ¦¾ããâÞãñ „§ãÀ


‡ãðŠÓããè, ¹ãÎãì ÔãâÌã£ãÃ¶ã, ªìØ£ã ãäÌã‡ãŠãÔã ‚ãããä¥ã ¼ã¦Ô½ã Ì½ãÌãÔãã½ã ãäÌã»ããØã

3.1.5 Ì½ãã•ããÞããè Öã¶ããè

ÔãÖã¾¾ã‡ãŠ ‚ã¶ãìªã¶ãñ ºãÞã¦ã Œãã¦¾ãã†ñÌã•ããè ÞããËî Œãã¦¾ãã¦ã ŸñÌãÊ¾ãã½ãìßñ ` 74.21 Ëàã À‡ã‹‡ãŠ½ãñÞ¾ãã

Ì¾ãã•ããÞããè Öã¶ããè ¢ããÊããè Öãñ¦ããèû

ãäÌãª¼ãÃ, ½ãÀãŸÌãã¡ã ‚ãããä¥ã ‡ãŠãâñ‡ãŠ¥ã ãäÌã¼ããØããÞ¾ãã 23 ãä•ãÊÛããâ½ã£¾ãñ ÌãÓãÃ 2009-10 ªÀ½¾ãã¶ã, ‡ãòŠ³

¹ãìÀÔ‡ãðŠ¦ã ¾ããñ•ã¶ãñÞ¾ãã ÀãÓ›Èãè¾ã ‡ãðŠÓããè ãäÌã‡ãŠãÔã ¾ããñ•ã¶ããâ¦ãØãÃ¦ã (RKVY) "†‡ãŠããä¦½ã‡ãŠ ªìØ£ãÌ¾ãÌãÔãã¾ã àãñ¨ã

¾ããñ•ã¶ãã" (¾ããñ•ã¶ãã) ÀãºããäÌã¥¾ããÔããŸãè ½ãÖãÀãÓ›È ÎããÔã¶ãã¶ãñ ` 21.60 ‡ãŠãñ›ãè À‡ã‹‡ãŠ½ãñÞãñ ÔãÖã¾¾ã‡ãŠ

‚ã¶ãìªã¶ã (GIA) ½ãì‡ã‹¦ã ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ããÔããŸãè ¹ãÆÎããÔã‡ãŠãè¾ã ½ãã¶¾ã¦ãã (‚ããùØãÔ› 2009) ãäªËãè Öãñ¦ããè. Öñ

ÔãÖã¾¾ã‡ãŠ ‚ã¶ãìªã¶ã ½ãÖãÀãÓ›È ÎããÔã¶ããÞ¾ãã ¶ããñÌÖòºãÀ 2009 Þ¾ãã ‚ããªñÎãã¶ãìÔããÀ ½ãì‡ã‹¦ã ‡ãñŠËñ ØãñËñ Öãñ¦ãñ

‚ãããä¥ã ¦ãñ ‚ãã¾ãì‡ã‹¦ã, ªìØ£ã ãäÌã‡ãŠãÔã, ÌãÀßãè, ½ãìâºãƒÃ ¾ããâÞ¾ãã ¼ããÀ¦ããè¾ã Ô›ñ› ºãú‡ãñŠÞ¾ãã ÞããËî Œãã¦¾ãã¦ã

•ã½ãã ‡ãñŠËñ Öãñ¦ãñ (17 ãä¡ÔãòºãÀ 2009). ‡ãŠðÓããè ½ãâ¨ããÊã¾ã (‡ãðŠÓããè ‚ãããä¥ã ÔãÖ‡ãŠãÀ ãäÌã¼ããØã) ¾ããâÞ¾ãã

ãä¶ãªóÎããâ¶ãìÔããÀ (‚ããùØãÔ› 2009), ‡ãŠñâªÆ ÍããÔã¶ã, Àã•¾ã ÎããÔã¶ã/‚ãâ½ãËºã•ããÌã¥ããè ‡ãŠÀ¥ããÀãè †•ã¶Ôããè ¾ãã

•ã½ãã ‡ãñŠËñÊ¾ãã ÔãÖã¾¾ã‡ãŠ ‚ã¶ãìªã¶ããÌãÀ ºãú‡ãŠ ´ãÀã Ì¾ãã•ã ãä½ãßÌãî Îã‡ãŠ¦ãñ. ‚ãÎãã¹ãÆ‡ãŠãÀñ ãä½ãßãËñËñ

Ì¾ãã•ã ‚ãããä¥ã ‚ãŒããäÞãÃ¦ã À‡ã‹‡ãŠ½ãã Ûãã Ôãâºãâãä£ã¦ã ãä¶ã£ããè¦ã •ã½ãã Öãñ¦ããèË ‚ãããä¥ã ÌãÓããÃÞ¾ãã ÔãìÁÌãã¦ããèËã


71

ÔÌã¾ãâÞãËãè¦ã ¹ãì¶ã: Ìãõ£ã¦ãñ´ãÀñ Ôãâºãâãä£ã¦ã ‡ãŠã¾ãÃ‰ãŠ½ã ãäÌã¼ããØãã‡ãŠ¡î¶ã ¾ããñ•ã¶ãñÞ¾ãã ½ãã¶¾ã¦ãã¹ãÆã¹¦ã ‡ãŠã½ããÔããŸãè

¹ãÆããä£ã‡ãðŠ¦ã ‡ãñŠÊ¾ãã •ãã¦ããèË.

‚ãã¾ãì‡ã‹¦ã, ªìØ£ã ãäÌã‡ãŠãÔã, ÌãÀßãè, ½ãìâºãƒÃ ¾ããâÞãñ‡ãŠ¡ãèË ªÔ¦ã†ñÌã•ããâÞ¾ãã ¦ã¹ããÔã¥ããè (•ãìËõ 2010)

ªÀ½¾ãã¶ã ‚ãÔãñ ‚ãã¤ßî¶ã ‚ããËñ ‡ãŠãè, •ãÀãè ÔãÖã¾¾ã‡ãŠ ‚ã¶ãìªã¶ããÞããè À‡ã‹‡ãŠ½ã Öãè 17 ãä¡ÔãòºãÀ 2009

Àãñ•ããè •ã½ãã ‡ãñŠËãè Öãñ¦ããè ¦ãÀãè 46 ªìØ£ã ÔãÖ‡ãŠãÀãè ÔãâÔ©ããâ¶ãã ` 46.38 Ëàã ¹ãÆ¦¾ãñ‡ãŠãè ¾ãã¹ãÆ½ãã¥ãñ 14

•ãìËõ 2010 Àãñ•ããè ãäÌã¦ãÀãè¦ã ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ãã¦ã ‚ããËãè Öãñ¦ããè. ¦ãÔãñÞã ‡ãðŠÓããè, ¹ãÎãì ÔãâÌã£ãÃ¶ã, ªìØ£ã ãäÌã‡ãŠãÔã

‚ãããä¥ã ½ã¦ÔãÌ¾ãÌãÔãã¾ã ãäÌã¼ããØãã‡ãŠ¡î¶ã (ãäÌã¼ããØã) ãä½ãßãËñÊ¾ãã ½ãããäÖ¦ããèÌãÁ¶ã ‚ãÔãñ ‚ãã¤ßî¶ã ‚ããËñ ‡ãŠãè,

31 ½ããÞãÃ 2013 ¹ã¾ãÄ¦ã ªìØ£ã ÔãÖ‡ãŠãÀãè ÔãâÔ©ããâ¶ããè ¹ãŠ‡ã‹¦ã ` 17.70 ‡ãŠãñ›ãèÞãã „¹ã¾ããñØã ‡ãñŠËã Öãñ¦ãã.

ÔãÖã¾¾ã‡ãŠ ‚ã¶ãìªã¶ã 209 ãäªÌãÔã ÞããËî Œãã¦¾ãã¦ã (ºãÞã¦ã Œãã¦¾ãã¦ã ŸñÌã¥¾ãã†ñÌã•ããè) ŸñÌãÊ¾ãã½ã ìßñ

` 74.21 ËàãÞããè

67

Ì¾ãã•ããÞããè Öã¶ããè ¢ããËãè.

ËñŒãã¹ãÀãèàã¥ãã¦ã Öñ Ëàãã¦ã ‚ãã¥ãî¶ã ãäªÊ¾ããÌãÀ (•ãã¶ãñÌããÀãè 2012), ÎããÔã¶ãã¶ãñ ¶ã½ãîª ‡ãñŠËñ (½ããÞãÃ

2012) ‡ãŠãè, ÔãÖã¾¾ã‡ãŠ ‚ã¶ãìªã¶ããÞãã „¹ã¾ããñØã ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ããºããºã¦ãÞ¾ãã ¦ã¹ãÎããèËãÌãÀ ½ããØãÃªÎãÃ‡ãŠ ÔãîÞã¶ãã

¹ãñŠºãÆìÌããÀãè 2010 ½ã£¾ãñ ¹ãÆã¹¦ã ¢ããÊ¾ãã ‚ãããä¥ã ¾ããñ•ã¶ãñÞ¾ãã ‚ãâ½ãËºã•ããÌã¥ããèÞããè ‚ãâãä¦ã½ã ½ãã¶¾ã¦ãã •ãìËõ

2010 ½ã£¾ãñ ¹ãÆã¹¦ã ¢ããËãè Öãñ¦ããè. ¹ãì¤ñ ‚ãÔãñÖãè ¶ã½ãîª ‡ãñŠËñ Öãñ¦ãñ ãä‡ãŠ, ½ãÖãÀãÓ›È ÎããÔã¶ããÞ¾ãã 29

‚ããùØãÔ› 2005 Þ¾ãã ÔãìÞã¶ããâ¶ãìÔããÀ ÞããËî Œãã¦ãñ „Üã¡¥¾ãã¦ã ‚ããËñ Öãñ¦ãñ. ÎããÔã¶ãã¶ãñ ¹ãì¤ñ ‚ãÔãñÖãè ¶ã½ãîª

‡ãñŠËñ ‡ãŠãè ÔãÖã¾¾ã‡ãŠ ‚ã¶ãìªã¶ããÌãÀ Ì¾ãã•ã ãä½ãßãäÌã¥¾ããÞãã Àã•¾ããÞãã ‡ãìŠŸËãÖãè „ñÎã ¶ãÌÖ¦ãã ¦ãÀ ¦¾ããÞãã

ËÌã‡ãŠÀã¦ã ËÌã‡ãŠÀ „¹ã¾ããñØã ÌÖãÌãã ÖãÞã „ñÎã Öãñ¦ãã.

Öñ „¦¦ãÀ ‚ãÔãâºã£ª ‚ããÖñ ‡ãŠãÀ¥ã, ‡ãòŠ³ ÎããÔã¶ããÞ¾ãã ‚ããùØãÔ› 2009 Þ¾ãã ãä¶ãªóÎããâ¶ãìÔããÀ, ‚ãã¾ãì‡ã‹¦ã,

ªìØ£ã Ì¾ãÌãÔãã¾ã ¾ããâ¶ããè ÔãÖã¾¾ã‡ãŠ ‚ã¶ãìªã¶ããÞããè À‡ã‹‡ãŠ½ã Öãè ºãÞã¦ã Œãã¦¾ãã¦ã ŸñÌãã¾ãËã ÖÌããè Öãñ¦ããè.

‚ãÔãñ ¶ã ‡ãñŠÊ¾ãã½ãìßñ, ãäÌã¼ããØããËã ` 74.21 Ëàã À‡ã‹‡ãŠ½ãñÞããè Ì¾ãã•ãã¹ããñ›ãè Öã¶ããè ¢ããÊããè. ¦ãÔãñÞã, •ãÀãè

ÌãÓãÃ 2009-10 ½ã£¾ãñ ÔãÖã¾¾ã‡ãŠ ‚ã¶ãìªã¶ããÞããè ¹ãî¥ãÃ À‡ã‹‡ãŠ½ã „¹ã¾ããñØãã¦ã ‚ãã¥ãã¾ãÞããè Öãñ¦ããè ¦ãÀãè

ÔãÖã¾¾ã‡ãŠ ‚ã¶ãìªã¶ããÞããè À‡ã‹‡ãŠ½ã ÞããËî Œãã¦¾ãã¦ã Ÿñ…¶ãÖãè ` 21.60 ‡ãŠãñ›ãé¹ãõ‡ãŠãè ¹ãŠ‡ã‹¦ã ` 17.70

‡ãŠãñ›ãè (82 ›‡ã‹‡ãñŠ) †Ìã¤ãèÞã À‡ã‹‡ãŠ½ã ½ããÞãÃ 2013 ¹ã¾ãÄ¦ã ÔãÖ‡ãŠãÀãè ªìØ£ã ÔããñÔãã¾ã›¿ããâ‡ãŠ¡î¶ã „¹ã¾ããñØãã¦ã

‚ãã¥ãËãè ØãñËãè Öãñ¦ããè.

3.2 ‚ããõãäÞã¦½ã ÊãñŒãã¹ã¿ãèàãã/Ôã¼ã©ãÃ¶ãããäÍãÌãã½ã ‡ãŠñÊãñÊãã ŒãÞãÃ

ÔããÌãÃ•ããä¶ã‡ãŠ ãä¶ããä£ã¦ãî¶ã ‡ãŠñÊãñÊ¾ãã ŒãÞããÃÞãñ ¹ãÆããä£ã‡ãŠð¦ããè‡ãŠÀ¥ã, Öñ ÔããÌãÃ•ããä¶ã‡ãŠ ŒãÞããÃÞ¾ãã ‚ããõãäÞã¦¾ã

‚ãããä¥ã ‡ãŠã¾ãÃàã½ã¦ãñÞ¾ãã ¦ã¦ÌããâÞ¾ãã ½ããØãÃªÍãÃ¶ãã¶ãìÔããÀ ‚ãÔããÌãñ. ÔãÌãÃÔãã½ãã¶¾ã Ì¾ããä‡ã‹¦ã ÔÌã¦ã:Þ¾ãã

¹ãõÍãããäÌãÓã¾ããè •¾ãã ¹ãÆ½ãã¥ãã¦ã •ããØãÀŠ‡ãŠ ‚ãÔã¦ãñ ¦ãñÌã¤ãèÞã •ããØãÀŠ‡ãŠ¦ãã ŒãÞãÃ ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ããÔããŸãè ¹ãÆããä£ã‡ãŠð¦ã

‡ãŠñÊãñÊ¾ãã ‚ããä£ã‡ãŠãÅ ¾ããâ¶ããè ªãŒãÌããÌããè ‚ãããä¥ã ¹ãÆ¦¾ãñ‡ãŠ ›¹¹¾ããÌãÀ ãäÌã§ããè¾ã ÔãìÌ¾ãÌãÔ©ãã ‚ãããä¥ã ‡ãŠã›ñ‡ãŠãñÀ

‡ãŠã›‡ãŠÔãÀ ‚ãâ½ãÊãã¦ã ‚ãã¥ããÌããè. ÊãñŒãã¹ãÀãèàãñ¶ãñ ‚ã¶ããõãäÞã¦¾ã ‚ãããä¥ã ‚ãÔÌããè‡ãŠã¾ãÃ ¼ãìØã¦ãã¶ã/ãä¶ãÓ¹ãŠß

ŒãÞããÃÞããè ¹ãÆ‡ãŠÀ¥ãñ Íããñ£ãî¶ã ‡ãŠã¤Êããè, •ããè ŒããÊããè ÞããäÞãÃÊããè ‚ããÖñ¦ã.

6717 ãä¡ÔãòºãÀ 2009 ¦ãñ 14 •ãìËõ 2010 (209 ãäªÌãÔã) ƒ¦ã‡ãŠã ‡ãŠãËãÌã£ããè ãäÌãÞããÀã¦ã Üãñ…¶ã, •ãÀ ` 21.60 ‡ãŠãñ›ãèÞãã, ãä¶ã£ããè ºãÞã¦ã

Œãã¦¾ãã¦ã ŸñÌãËã ‚ãÔã¦ãã ¦ãÀ ÌãããäÓãÃ‡ãŠ ÔãÖã ›‡ã‹‡ãñŠ ªÀã¶ãñ ¦¾ããÌãÀ Øã¥ã¶ã ‡ãñŠËñËñ Ì¾ãã•ã ` 74.21 Ëàã ¢ããËñ ‚ãÔã¦ãñ

(` 21,60,00,000 X 6 % X 209 ÿ 365 )


72

•ãÊã Ôãâ¹ãªã ãäÌã»ããØã

3.2.1 ‚ãÔÌããè‡ãŠã½ãÃ »ãìØã¦ãã¶ã

‡ãŠâ¨ãã›ãÞ½ãã ‚ã›ãèâãäÌã¿Š® ¹ã½ããÃ½ããè Œãã¥ããè¦ãî¶ã Ìããßî ‚ãã¥ã¥½ããÔããŸãèÞãã ŒãÞãÃ ªñ¥½ããÞããè

‡ãŠâ¨ãã›ªã¿ãÞããè ¼ããØã¥ããè •ãÊãÔãâ¹ãªã ãäÌã»ããØãã¶ãñ ¼ãã¶½ã ‡ãŠñÊ½ãã¼ãìßñ ‡ãŠâ¨ãã›ªã¿ãÊãã ‚ããä¦ããä¿‡ã‹¦ã ÌãÖ¶ã

‚ãâ¦ã¿ãªãŒãÊã ` 2.14 ‡ãŠãñ›ãèÞãñ ‚ãÔÌããè‡ãŠã½ãÃ »ãìØã¦ãã¶ã ‡ãŠ¿¥½ãã¦ã ‚ããÊãñ.

‡ãŠðÓ¥ãã - ½ãÀãŸÌãã¡ã „¹ãÔãã ãäÔãâÞã¶ã ¾ããñ•ã¶ãñÞãã ¼ããØã ‚ãÔãÊãñÊ¾ãã Ôããñ¶ããäØãÀãè ÔããŸÌã¥ã ¦ãÊããÌããÞ¾ãã

ºããâ£ã‡ãŠã½ããÞãñ ‡ãŠã½ã, †‡ãŠã ‡ãŠâ¨ãã›ãªãÀãÊãã ‘‡ãŠ’ ãä¶ããäÌãªñÌãÀ

68

36 ½ããäÖ¶¾ããÞ¾ãã (¶ããñÌÖñâºãÀ 2011)

‡ãŠÀãÀãä¶ããäªÃÓ› ‡ãŠãÊããÌã£ããè¦ã ¹ãî¥ãÃ ‡ãŠÀãÌã¾ããÞ¾ãã ‚ã›ãèÌãÀ ` 54.21 ‡ãŠãñ›ãè ºããñÊããè ãä‡ãâŠ½ã¦ããèÌãÀ ºãÖãÊã

‡ãŠÀ¥¾ãã¦ã ‚ããÊãñ (¶ããñÌÖñâºãÀ 2008). ‡ãŠâ¨ãã› ‚ã›ãè Œãâ¡ 1.4.3 ½ã£¾ãñ ‚ãÔãñ ãäÌããäÖ¦ã ‚ããÖñ ‡ãŠãè ÌããßîÞ¾ãã

Ô¨ããñ¦ããâÞããè ÌãããäÓãÃ‡ãŠ ¹ãì¶ã:¹ãîãä¦ãÃÞããè ½ã¾ããÃªã ½ãããäÖ¦ã ¶ãÔãÊ¾ãã½ãìßñ ºããâ£ã‡ãŠã½ããÔããŸãè ‚ããÌãÍ¾ã‡ãŠ ‚ãÔã¥ããÅ ¾ãã

Ìããßî Þããè ÔããŸÌã¥ãì‡ãŠ ‡ãŠâ¨ãã›ªãÀ ‚ãã£ããèÞã ‡ãŠÀŠ¶ã ŸñÌãî Íã‡ãŠ¦ããñ. ¾ãã Œãâ¡ã¦ã ‚ãÔãñÖãè ¶ã½ãîª ‚ããÖñ ‡ãŠãè

‡ãŠâ¨ãã›ªãÀã¶ãñ ÌããßîÞããè ¹ã¾ããÃ¹¦ã¦ãã, ¾ããñØ¾ã Øãì¥ãÌã§ãã ‚ãããä¥ã ÌããßîÞããè ãä‡ãŠâ½ã¦ã, Œãã¥ããèâÞãñ ¹ããñÞã½ããØãÃ

ƒ¦¾ããªãè ºããºããèâÞããè ½ãããäÖ¦ããè ‡ãŠÀŠ¶ã Ü¾ããÌã¾ããÔã ¹ãããäÖ•ãñ. Œãã¥ããè¦ãî¶ã Àñ¦ããè ‡ãŠã¤¥ãñ ‚ãããä¥ã ¦ããè ‡ãŠã½ããÞ¾ãã

ãäŸ‡ãŠã¥ãã¹ã¾ãÃâ¦ã ÌããÖî¶ã ¶ãñ¥¾ããÞããè Ì¾ãÌãÔ©ãã ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ããÞããè •ãºããºãªãÀãè Ôãì®ã ‡ãŠâ¨ãã›ªãÀãÞããèÞã ‚ãÔã¦ãñ

‚ãããä¥ã ¾ãã Ôãâºãâ£ãã¦ã ŒãÞããÃÞãã ‡ãŠìŸÊããÖãè ªãÌãã ãäÌãÞããÀã¦ã Üãñ¦ãÊãã •ãã¥ããÀ ¶ããÖãè. ¦ãÔãñÞã, 21 ¹ãŠñºãÆìÌããÀãè

2008 Àãñ•ããè Üãñ¥¾ãã¦ã ‚ããÊãñÊ¾ãã ºããñÊããè-¹ãîÌãÃ ºãõŸ‡ãŠãè¦ã, ½ãìŒ¾ã ‚ããä¼ã¾ãâ¦ãã (•ãÊãÔãâ¹ãªã), ‚ããõÀâØããºããª

¾ããâ¶ããè ‡ãŠâ¨ãã›ªãÀãÔã Ô¹ãÓ› ‡ãŠñÊãñ ‡ãŠãè ¹ããäÀ½ãã¥ã Ôãâ¹ãìÓ›ã¦ã ‚ããÊ¾ããÔã ãä‡ãŠâÌãã Œãã¥ããè¦ãî¶ã ÔãããäÖ¦¾ã

‡ãŠã¤¥ãñ/Ìãã¹ãÀ¥ãñ ¾ããâÔã ãäÌã¼ããØããÞãã ãäÌãÀãñ£ã ‚ãÔãÊ¾ããÔã, ‚ãÍãã ¹ãÆÔãâØããè ¹ã¾ããÃ¾ããè Œãã¥ããè¦ãî¶ã ‡ãŠã½ããÞ¾ãã

ãäŸ‡ãŠã¥ãã¹ã¾ãÃâ¦ã ÔãããäÖ¦¾ã ÌããÖî¶ã ‚ãã¥ã¥¾ããÔããŸãè ÊããØã¥ããÀã ‚ããä¦ããäÀ‡ã‹¦ã ÌãÖ¶ã ŒãÞãÃ ½ãã¶¾ã ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ãã¦ã

¾ãñ¥ããÀ ¶ããÖãè. ‡ãŠâ¨ãã›ªãÀãÊãã ‡ãŠã½ã ¹ãî¥ãÃ ‡ãŠÀãÌã¾ããÔã ãä¡ÔãñâºãÀ 2012 ¹ã¾ãÃâ¦ã ½ãìª¦ãÌãã¤ ªñ¥¾ãã¦ã ‚ããÊããè

‚ãããä¥ã •ãìÊãõ 2013 ¹ã¾ãÃâ¦ã ` 75.39 ‡ãŠãñ›ãè ¼ãìØã¦ãã¶ã ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ãã¦ã ‚ããÊãñ.

‡ãŠã¾ãÃ‡ãŠãÀãè ‚ããä¼ã¾ãâ¦ãã, „¹ãÔãã ãäÔãâÞã¶ã ãäÌã¼ããØã, „Ô½ãã¶ããºããª ¾ããâÞ¾ãã ‚ããä¼ãÊãñŒããââÞ¾ãã ¦ã¹ããÔã¥ããè¦ã ‚ãÔãñ

‚ãã¤ßî¶ã ‚ããÊãñ (Ôã¹›ñâºãÀ 2011) ‡ãŠãè ãä¶ã£ããÃãäÀ¦ã Œãã¥ããè¦ã „¹ãÊãº£ã ‚ãÔãÊãñÊããè Ìããßî Ìãã¹ãÀ¥¾ãã¾ããñØ¾ã

¶ãÔãÊ¾ãã½ãìßñ ‡ãŠâ¨ãã›ªãÀãÊãã ¹ã¾ããÃ¾ããè Œãã¥ããè¦ãî¶ã Ìããßî ‚ãã¥ã¥¾ããÔããŸãè ÊããØã¥ããÀã ‚ããä¦ããäÀ‡ã‹¦ã ÌãÖ¶ã

ŒãÞãÃ ` 2.21 ‡ãŠãñ›ãè Þãã ¹ãÆÔ¦ããÌã ½ãâ•ãìÀãèÔããŸãè ‡ãŠã¾ãÃ‡ãŠãÀãè ‚ããä¼ã¾ãâ¦ãã ¾ããâ¶ããè ÔããªÀ ‡ãŠñÊãã

(•ãìÊãõ 2010). ÌãÖ¶ã ‚ãâ¦ãÀã¦ããèÊã 88 ãä‡ãŠ.½ããè.Þ¾ãã (152 ãä‡ãŠ.½ããè.- 64 ãä‡ãŠ.½ããè.) ¹ãŠÀ‡ãŠãÔããŸãè

‡ãŠâ¨ãã›ªãÀãÊãã ` 2.21 ‡ãŠãñ›ãè ¼ãìØã¦ãã¶ã ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ããÞ¾ãã ¹ãÆÔ¦ããÌããÔã ½ãìŒ¾ã ‚ããä¼ã¾ãâ¦ãã¶ãñ ½ãã¶¾ã¦ãã ãäªÊããè

(‚ããùØãÔ› 2010) ‚ãããä¥ã 22 Ì¾ãã ÞããÊãî ÊãñŒãã ªñ¾ã‡ãŠã ¹ã¾ãÃâ¦ã ‡ãŠâ¨ãã›ªãÀãÊãã ÌãÖ¶ã ªÀ ¹ãŠÀ‡ãŠãÔããŸãè

` 2.14 ‡ãŠãñ›ãè ¼ãìØã¦ãã¶ã ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ãã¦ã ‚ããÊãñ (•ãìÊãõ 2013).

‡ãŠã¾ãÃ‡ãŠãÀãè ‚ããä¼ã¾ãâ¦ãã¶ãñ ¶ã½ãîª ‡ãŠñÊãñ (¹ãŠñºãÆìÌããÀãè 2013) ‡ãŠãè ‚ãâªã•ã¹ã¨ã‡ãŠ ¦ã¾ããÀ ‡ãŠÀ¦ããâ¶ãã ãäÔã¶ãã ¶ãªãè

¹ãã¨ãã¦ãî¶ã Ìããßî ‚ãã¥ã¥¾ããÞãã ¹ãÆÔ¦ããÌã Öãñ¦ãã. ¦ã©ãããä¹ã, ‡ãŠã½ããÞ¾ãã ãä¶ãÓ¹ããª¶ãã ªÀ½¾ãã¶ã ãäÔã¶ãã ¶ãªãèÞ¾ãã

68Ÿãñ‡ãŠ ‡ãŠâ¨ãã›ã¦ã, ‡ãŠâ¨ãã›ªãÀ †‡ãŠã ãä¶ã¾ã¦ã À‡ãŠ½ãñÔããŸãè, ‡ãŠã½ããÞ¾ãã ÀñŒãããäÞã¨ã Ìã ãäÌããä¶ãªÃñÍããâÞ¾ãã ‚ã¶ãìÓãâØãã¶ãñ, ÔãÌãÃ ‚ãã‡ãŠãäÔ½ã‡ãŠ ŒãÞããÃÔãÖ,

‡ãŠã½ã ãä¶ãÓ¹ããª¶ã ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ããÞãñ ½ãã¶¾ã ‡ãŠÀ¦ããñ.


73

ãä¶ã£ããÃãäÀ¦ã Œãã¥ããèÌãÀ ‡ãŠâ¨ãã›ªãÀãÊãã ÌããßîÞããè ¹ã¾ããÃ¹¦ã ½ãã¨ãã Ìã ¾ããñØ¾ã Øãì¥ãÌã§ãã ‚ãã¤ßî¶ã ¶ã ‚ããÊ¾ãã½ãìßñ

ØããñªãÌãÀãè ¶ãªãèÌãÀãèÊã ¹ãìÀŠÓããñ¦¦ã½ã¹ãîÀãè ¾ãã ¹ã¾ããÃ¾ããè ãäŸ‡ãŠã¥ããÌãÀŠ¶ã, •ãñ ºããâ£ã‡ãŠã½ããÞ¾ãã ãäŸ‡ãŠã¥ãã¹ããÔãî¶ã

152 ãä‡ãŠ.½ããè. ‚ãâ¦ãÀãÌãÀ ‚ããÖñ, Ìããßî ‚ãã¥ããÌããè ÊããØãÊããè. ¹ããäÀ¥ãã½ããè, ‡ãŠâ¨ãã›ªãÀãÊãã ‚ããä¦ããäÀ‡ã‹¦ã ÌãÖ¶ã

ªÀãÞãñ ¼ãìØã¦ãã¶ã ‡ãŠÀãÌãñ ÊããØãÊãñ.

„¦¦ãÀ ½ãã¶¾ã ¶ããÖãè ‡ãŠãÀ¥ã ‡ãŠÀãÀãÞ¾ãã ‚ã›ãèâÞ¾ãã Œãâ¡ 1.4.3 Þ¾ãã ‚ã¶ãìÔããÀ ‚ãããä¥ã 21 ¹ãŠñºãÆìÌããÀãè

2008 Êãã Üãñ¥¾ãã¦ã ‚ããÊãñÊ¾ãã ºããñÊããè ¹ãîÌãÃ ºãõŸ‡ãŠãè¦ã ‡ãŠã¾ãÃ‡ãŠãÀãè ‚ããä¼ã¾ãâ¦ãã ¾ããâ¶ããè ãäªÊãñÊ¾ãã

Ô¹ãÓ›ãè‡ãŠÀ¥ãã¶ãìÔããÀÖãè ÌãÖ¶ã ªÀãÞãñ ¼ãìØã¦ãã¶ã ‚ãÔÌããè‡ãŠã¾ãÃ ‚ããÖñ. ‡ãŠâ¨ãã›ªãÀãÊãã ‚ãã£ããèÞã ¹ãÆªã¶ã

‡ãŠñÊãñÊããè ` 2.14 ‡ãŠãñ›ãè À‡ã‹‡ãŠ½ã ¦¾ããâÞãñ‡ãŠ¡î¶ã ÌãÔãîÊã ‡ãŠÀãÌã¾ããÔã ¹ãããäÖ•ãñ.

Öãè ºããºã ÍããÔã¶ããÔã ½ãñ 2013 ½ã£¾ãñ ‡ãŠßãäÌã¥¾ãã¦ã ‚ããÊããè; •ãã¶ãñÌããÀãè 2014 ¹ã¾ãÃâ¦ã ¦¾ããâÞãñ „¦¦ãÀ

¹ãÆãä¦ããäàã¦ã Öãñ¦ãñ.

3.2.2 ãä¶ãÓ¹ãŠß ŒãÞãÃ

•ãÊãÔãâ¹ãªã ãäÌã»ããØãã¶ãñ, ØããñÔããèŒãìªÃ ãäÔãâÞã¶ã ¹ãÆ‡ãŠÊ¹ãã½ãìßñ ãäÌãÔ©ãããä¹ã¦ã ¢ããÊãñÊ¾ãã, ¼ãâ¡ãÀã Ìã ¶ããØã¹ãîÀ

ãä•ãÊÛãã¦ããèÊã 3,688 Êãã»ãã©½ããÃâ¶ãã ÔãâØã¥ã‡ãŠ ¹ãÆãäÍãàã¥ã ªñ¥ãñ ½ãã Öñ¦ãî ÔããŸãè ` 1.69 ‡ãŠãñ›ãè

ÔãâãäÌã¦ããä¿¦ã ‡ãŠñÊãñ. ¹ã¿â¦ãì Öã ŒãÞãÃ ãä¶ãÓ¹ãŠß Ÿ¿Êãã ‡ãŠã¿¥ã ‡ãŠãñ¥ã¦ããÖãè Êãã»ãã©ããèÃ ¹ãÆãäÍãàã¥ã

Üãñ¥½ããÔããŸãè ãä¶ã£ããÃãä¿¦ã ÔãâÔ©ãñ¦ã ØãñÊãã ¶ããÖãè ‚ãããä¥ã ¹ãÆãäÍãàã¥ã ‚ã¶ãìªã¶ã ¦½ããâ¶ããè ÔÌã¦ã:Þã ŸñÌãî¶ã

Üãñ¦ãÊãñ.

ØããñÔããèŒãìªÃ ãäÔãâÞã¶ã ¹ãÆ‡ãŠÊ¹ããÞ¾ãã ¹ãÆ‡ãŠÊ¹ãØãÆÔ¦ããâ¶ãã Àãñ•ãØããÀãÞããè Ôãâ£ããè „¹ãÊãº£ã Öãñ¥¾ããÞ¾ãã „ñÍ¾ãã¶ãñ

ãäÌãÍãñÓã ºããºã ½Ö¥ãî¶ã ½ãÖãÀãÓ›È ÍããÔã¶ãã¶ãñ Àãñ•ãØããÀããä¼ã½ãìŒã ¦ããâãä¨ã‡ãŠ ¹ãÆãäÍãàã¥ã ªñ¥¾ããÞããè ¾ããñ•ã¶ãã

½ãâ•ãîÀ ‡ãŠñÊããè (¹ãŠñºãÆìÌããÀãè 2010). ¹ãÆãäÍãàã¥ããÞãã ‡ãŠãÊããÌã£ããè ÔãÖã ½ããäÖ¶ãñ ‚ãÔãî¶ã ¹ãÆ‡ãŠÊ¹ãØãÆÔ¦ã

‡ãŠì›ìâºãã¦ããèÊã ¹ãÆ¦¾ãñ‡ãŠãè †‡ãŠã Ì¾ã‡ã‹¦ããèÔããŸãè ¹ãÆãä¦ã ¹ãÆãäÍãàã¥ã ¹ãÆãä¦ã ¹ãÆãäÍãàã¥ãã©ããâèÃ ‚ããä£ã‡ãŠ¦ã½ã ` 10,000

½ãâ•ãîÀ Öãñ¦ãñ. ½ãÖãÀãÓ›È ÍããÔã¶ãã¶ãñ ¾ããºããºã¦ã ÍããÔã¶ã ãä¶ã¥ãÃ¾ã ªñãäŒãÊã ãä¶ãØãÃãä½ã¦ã ‡ãŠñÊãã (2 ¹ãŠñºãìÆÌããÀãè

2010), •¾ãã¦ã ¼ãâ¡ãÀã ãä•ãÊÛãã¦ããèÊã 6,298 ‚ãããä¥ã ¶ããØã¹ãîÀ ãä•ãÊÛãã¦ããèÊã 8,325 ¹ãÆ‡ãŠÊ¹ãØãÆÔ¦ã

‡ãŠì›ìâºããâÔããŸãè ¾ãã ¾ããñ•ã¶ãñ ‚ãâ¦ãØãÃ¦ã ` 14.62 ‡ãŠãñ›ãè ŒãÞãÃ ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ããÔããŸãè ½ãã¶¾ã¦ãã ãäªÊããè. ÍããÔã¶ã

ãä¶ã¥ãÃ¾ãã¶ãìÔããÀ Öãè À‡ã‹‡ãŠ½ã ãä•ãÊÖããä£ã‡ãŠãÀãè ¾ããâÞ¾ãã ½ãã¹ãŠÃ¦ã Êãã¼ãã©¾ããÃâ¶ãã ‚ãªã ‡ãŠÀãÌã¾ããÞããè ‚ãÔãÊ¾ãã¶ãñ

ãäÌãª¼ãÃ ¹ãã›ºãâ£ããÀñ ãäÌã‡ãŠãÔã ½ãÖã½ãâ¡ß, ¶ããØã¹ãîÀ ¾ããâ¶ããè ãä•ãÊÖããä£ã‡ãŠãÅ ¾ããâÞ¾ãã ½ããØã¥ããè¶ãìÔããÀ ãä¶ããä£ã

¦¾ããâÞ¾ãã‡ãŠ¡ñ ŸñÌããÌã¾ããÞãã Öãñ¦ãã. ÔãªÀ ¾ããñ•ã¶ãñâ¦ãØãÃ¦ã ¹ãÆã©ããä½ã‡ãŠ ÔãâØã¥ã‡ãŠ ¹ãÆãäÍãàã¥ã Öã †‡ãŠ

Àãñ•ãØããÀããä¼ã½ãìŒã ‡ãŠã¾ãÃ‡ãÆŠ½ã ãäÌããä¶ããäªÃÓ› Öãñ¦ãã.

‡ãŠã¾ãÃ‡ãŠãÀãè ‚ããä¼ã¾ãâ¦ãã, ØããñÔããèŒãìªÃ ¹ãì¶ãÌãÃÔã¶ã ãäÌã¼ããØã (‚ãâºãã¡ãè), ¼ãâ¡ãÀã ‚ãããä¥ã ØããñÔããèŒãìªÃ ¹ãì¶ãÌãÃÔã¶ã

ãäÌã¼ããØã, ¶ããØã¹ãîÀ ¾ããâÞ¾ãã ‚ããä¼ãÊãñŒããâÞ¾ãã ¦ã¹ããÔã¥ããè¦ã (†ãä¹ãÆÊã 2013 ‚ãããä¥ã •ãî¶ã 2013) ‚ãÔãñ

‚ãã¤ßÊãñ ‡ãŠãè ¾ããñ•ã¶ãñÞ¾ãã ¹ãÆ¼ããÌããè ‡ãŠã¾ããÃ¶Ìã¾ã¶ããÔããŸãè ‡ãŠãñ¥ã¦¾ããÖãè ¹ãÆ‡ãŠãÀÞãñ ½ããØãÃªÍãÃ‡ãŠ ¦ã¦Ìãñ •ãÔãñ

¹ãÆãäÍãàã¥ã ªñ¥¾ããÔããŸãè ÔãâÔ©ããâÞããè ãä¶ãÌã¡, ¹ãÆãäÍãàã¥ããÞããè ãä‡ãŠâ½ã¦ã ‚ãããä¥ã ‡ãŠãÊããÌã£ããè, ¼ãìØã¦ãã¶ã

‡ãŠÀ¥¾ããÞããè ¹ã®¦ã ƒ¦¾ããªãè ãäÌããäÖ¦ã ‡ãŠñÊããè ¶ãÌÖ¦ããè. ¦ã©ãããä¹ã, ‚ã£ããèàã‡ãŠ ‚ããä¼ã¾ãâ¦ãã ¾ããâ¶ããè ªãñ¶Öãè

ãäÌã¼ããØããâ¶ãã ŒããÊããèÊã ªÔ¦ããÌãñ•ã ÔããªÀ ‡ãŠñÊ¾ããÌãÀ ©ãñ› ¹ãÆ‡ãŠÊ¹ãØãÆÔ¦ããâ¶ãã À‡ãŠ½ãñÞãñ Ìãã›¹ã ÀñãäŒã¦ã

£ã¶ããªñÍãã´ãÀñ ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ãã¦ã ¾ããÌãñ, ‚ãÍãã ÔãîÞã¶ãã ãäªÊ¾ãã (¶ããñÌÖñâºãÀ 2011):


74

¹ãÆãäÍãàã¥ã ÔãâÔ©ãñ¦ã (¶ããÌã ¶ã½ãîª ‡ãŠñÊãñÊãñ ‚ãÔããÌãñ) ¹ãÆãäÍãàã¥ã ÞããÊãî / ¹ãî¥ãÃ ‡ãŠñÊ¾ããÞãñ ãäÌããäÖ¦ã

¹ãÆãä¦ã—ãã¹ã¨ã ¹ãÆ‡ãŠÊ¹ãØãÆÔ¦ãã¶ãñ ÔÌããàãÀãè ‡ãŠÀŠ¶ã ª¿ããÌãñ;

Êãã¼ãã©ããèÃÊãã ¹ãÆãäÍãàã¥ã ªñ¥ããÅ ¾ãã ÔãÔâ©ãñ¶ãñ ãäªÊãñÊãñ Ôã¦¾ãã¹ã¶ã ¹ãÆ½ãã¥ã¹ã¨ã ; ‚ãããä¥ã

Íããßã Ôããñ¡Ê¾ããÞ¾ãã ¹ãÆ½ãã¥ã¹ã¨ããÞããè ¹ãÆ¦ã.

Êãã¼ãã©¾ããÃâ¶ããè ÌãÀãèÊã ¹ãÆ½ãã¥ã¹ã¨ã/ªÔ¦ããÌãñ•ã ÔããªÀ ‡ãŠñÊ¾ããÌãÀ ¼ãâ¡ãÀã ãäÌã¼ããØãã¶ãñ 3,400

Êãã¼ãã©¾ããÃâ¶ãã ` 3.40 ‡ãŠãñ›ãè ‚ãããä¥ã ¶ããØã¹ãîÀ ãäÌã¼ããØãã¶ãñ 1,088 Êãã¼ãã©¾ããÃâ¶ãã ` 1.08 ‡ãŠãñ›ãè

†ãä¹ãÆÊã 2011 ‚ãããä¥ã •ãî¶ã 2013 ªÀ½¾ãã¶ã ¹ãÆªã¶ã ‡ãŠñÊãñ. ¹ãì¤ñ ¼ãâ¡ãÀã ãä•ãÊÛãã¦ããèÊã ¦ããè¶ã ¹ãÆãäÍãàã¥ã

ÔãâÔ©ãã

69

‚ãããä¥ã ¶ããØã¹ãîÀ ãä•ãÊÛãã¦ããèÊã ÞããÀ ÔãâÔ©ããâ½ã£¾ãñ

70

ÊãñŒãã¹ãÀãèàãã Þããõ‡ãŠÍããè¦ã ‚ãÔãñ ‚ãã¤ßî¶ã

‚ããÊãñ ‡ãŠãè ¾ãã ÔãâÔ©ããâ¶ããè 4,488 Êãã¼ãã©ããèÃâ ¹ãõ‡ãŠãè 1,688 Êãã¼ãã©¾ããÃâ¶ãã Ôã¦¾ãã¹ã¶ã ¹ãÆ½ãã¥ã¹ã¨ã ãäªÊãñ, ¹ãÀâ¦ãì

¹ãÆ½ãã¥ã¹ã¨ã ãä½ãßãÊ¾ããÌãÀ ‡ãŠãñ¥ããèÖãè Êãã¼ãã©ããèÃ ¹ãÆãäÍãàã¥ããÔããŸãè ‚ããÊãñ ¶ããÖãè¦ã. ¼ãâ¡ãÀã ãä•ãÊÛãã¦ããèÊã

¦ããè¶ã ÔãâÔ©ããâ¶ããè ÔããâãäØã¦ãÊãñ ‡ãŠãè Êãã¼ãã©¾ããÃâ¶ããè Œããñ›ñ ‚ããÍÌããÔã¶ã ãäªÊãñ ‡ãŠãè ¦¾ããâ¶ãã Ôã¦¾ãã¹ã¶ã ¹ãÆ½ãã¥ã¹ã¨ã

ãä½ãßãÊ¾ããÌãÀ ÍããÔã¶ã ÔãâÔ©ãñÞ¾ãã ¶ããÌããÌãÀ £ã¶ããªñÍã ãä¶ãØãÃãä½ã¦ã ‡ãŠÀñÊã.

ÔãâØã¥ã‡ãŠ ¹ãÆãäÍãàã¥ã ‡ãŠã¾ãÃ‡ãÆŠ½ããÞ¾ãã ‡ãŠã¾ããÃ¶Ìã¾ã¶ãã Ôãâºãâ£ããè ŸÀããäÌã‡ãŠ ½ããØãÃªÍãÃ‡ãŠ ÔãîÞã¶ãã Ìã ¾ãâ¨ã¥ãã

¶ãÔãÊ¾ãã½ãìßñ ` 1.69 ‡ãŠãñ›ãè

71

ŒãÞãÃ ãä¶ãÓ¹ãŠß ŸÀÊãã ‡ãŠãÀ¥ã 1,688 Êãã¼ãã©¾ããÃâ¶ããè ¹ãÆãäÍãàã¥ã ÌãØããÃ¦ã

„¹ããäÔ©ã¦ã ¶ã ÀãÖ¦ãã ãä½ãßãÊãñÊãñ ¹ãÆãäÍãàã¥ã ‚ã¶ãìªã¶ã ÔÌã¦ã:Þã ŸñÌãî¶ã Üãñ¦ãÊãñ.

Öñ ãä¶ãªÍãÃ¶ããÔã ‚ãã¥ãÊ¾ããÌãÀ ‡ãŠã¾ãÃ‡ãŠãÀãè ‚ããä¼ã¾ãâ¦¾ãã¶ããè Öñ ¦ã©¾ã ½ãã¶¾ã ‡ãŠñÊãñ (†ãä¹ãÆÊã 2013 ‚ãããä¥ã

•ãî¶ã 2013) ‡ãŠãè ‚ã£ããèàã‡ãŠ ‚ããä¼ã¾ãâ¦ãã ¾ããâÞ¾ãã ÔãîÞã¶ãñ¶ãìÔããÀ (¶ããñÌÖñâºãÀ 2011) ¹ãÆãäÍãàã¥ã ‚ã¶ãìªã¶ããÞããè

À‡ã‹‡ãŠ½ã ©ãñ› ¹ãÆ‡ãŠÊ¹ãØãÆÔ¦ããâ¶ãã ¹ãÆªã¶ã ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ãã¦ã ‚ããÊããè. ‚ã£ããèàã‡ãŠ ‚ããä¼ã¾ãâ¦ããâ¶ããè ¶ã½ãîª ‡ãŠñÊãñ ‡ãŠãè

¹ãÆ‡ãŠÊ¹ãØãÆÔ¦ããâ¶ãã ¹ãÆãäÍãàã¥ã ‚ã¶ãìªã¶ã Ìãã›¹ããºããºã¦ã ‡ãŠãñ¥ã¦¾ããÖãè Ô¹ãÓ› ½ããØãÃªÍãÃ‡ãŠ ÔãîÞã¶ãã ¶ãÌÖ¦¾ãã. ¾ãã

ãäÌãÓã¾ããÌãÀ ¹ãÆ‡ãŠÊ¹ãØãÆÔ¦ããâÞ¾ãã ‚ã¶ãñ‡ãŠ ¦ã‡ãÆŠãÀãè Öãñ¦¾ãã Ìã Ìãã›¹ããÞ¾ãã ¹ãÆãä‡ãÆŠ¾ãñ¦ã Ôã½ãã¶ã¦ãã ‚ãã¥ã¥¾ããÔããŸãè

‚ãããä¥ã ãäÌãÊãâºã ›ãß¥¾ããÔããŸãè, ©ãñ› ¼ãìØã¦ãã¶ããÞ¾ãã ÔãîÞã¶ãã ãä¶ãØãÃãä½ã¦ã ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ãã¦ã ‚ããÊ¾ãã. ‚ã£ããèàã‡ãŠ

‚ããä¼ã¾ãâ¦¾ãã¶ããè ‚ãÔãñÖãè ¶ã½ãîª ‡ãŠñÊãñ ‡ãŠãè ¹ãÆ‡ãŠÊ¹ãØãÆÔ¦ããâ¶ããè ¹ãÆã ä¦ã—ãã ¹ã¨ã ãäªÊ¾ãã½ãìßñ ãäÌã¼ããØãã¶ãñ ¹ãÆãäÍãàã¥ã

ÔãâÔ©ããâÞããè ‚ã¶ã¹ãñãäàã¦ã ¦ã¹ããÔã¥ããè ‡ãŠñÊããè ¶ããÖãè.

„¦¦ãÀ ½ãã¶¾ã ¶ããÖãè ‡ãŠãÀ¥ã 2 ¹ãŠñºãÆìÌããÀãè 2010 Þ¾ãã ÍããÔã¶ã ãä¶ã¥ãÃ¾ãã¦ã Êãã¼ãã©¾ããÃâ¶ãã À‡ãŠ½ãñÞãñ ¼ãìØã¦ãã¶ã

¹ãŠ‡ã‹¦ã ãä•ãÊÖããä£ã‡ãŠãÅ ¾ãã ½ãã¹ãŠÃ¦ãÞã ‡ãŠÀãÌãñ ‚ãÔãñ Ô¹ãÓ›¹ã¥ãñ ãäÌããä¶ããäªÃÓ› ‚ããÖñ. ¾ããŒãñÀãè•ã, •ãÀãè

ãäÌã¼ããØãã¶ãñ Êãã¼ãã©¾ããÃâ¶ãã ¹ãÆãäÍãàã¥ã ‚ã¶ãìªã¶ããÞ¾ãã Ìãã›¹ãã¦ã ãäÌãÊãâºã ¶ã ÌÖãÌãã ¾ããÔããŸãè Œãî¹ã ‡ãŠÓ› ‡ãŠñÊãñ

‚ãÔãÊãñ ¦ãÀãè Êãã¼ãã©¾ããÃâ¶ããè ‚ã¶ãìªã¶ã ¹ãÆã¹¦ã ¢ããÊ¾ããÌãÀ ÔãâØã¥ã‡ãŠ ¹ãÆãäÍãàã¥ã ŒãÀãñŒãÀÞã Üãñ¦ãÊãñ ¾ããÞããè

¶ãâ¦ãÀ ¹ã¡¦ããß¥ããè ‡ãŠÀŠ¶ã Œãã¨ããè ‡ãŠñÊããè ¶ããÖãè.

69(i) ØÊããñºã ‡ãâŠ½¹¾ãì›À ƒ¶Ô›ãè›¿ãì› (546), (ii) ‚ãù¡ÌÖã¶Ôã ‡ãŠâ½¹¾ãì›À, ¼ãâ¡ãÀã (141) ‚ãããä¥ã (iii) ‚ããùÔã ‡ãâŠ½¹¾ãì›À †•¾ãì‡ãŠñÍã¶ã (494)

70(i) ‚ããñ½ã ‡ãŠâ½¹¾ãì›À ›Èñãä¶ãâØã ƒ¶Ô›ãè›¿ãì› ¶ããØã¹ãîÀ (221), (ii) ‚ããä¼ãÊããÓãã ‡ãŠâ½¹¾ãì›À ›Èñãä¶ãâØã ƒ¶Ô›ãè›¿ãì› (80), (iii) ‚ããñ†ãäÔãÔã ‡ãŠâ½¹¾ãì›À

‚ã‡ãŠùª½ããè (88) ‚ãããä¥ã (iv) •ããè.†½ã.‡ãŠñ ‡ãŠâ½¹¾ãì›À ‚ã‡ãŠùª½ããè, ¶ããØã¹ãîÀ (118)

711,688 ¹ãÆ‡ãŠÊ¹ãØãÆÔ¦ã x ` 10,000 = ` 1,68,80,000

¹ããäÀãäÍãÓ› 1.1

(Ôãâª¼ãÃ: ¹ããäÀÞœñª 1.7.1, ¹ãðÓŸ: 7 )

ãäÌã»ããØã ãä¶ãÖã½ã ¹ãÆÊãâãäºã¦ã ãä¶ãÀãèàã¥ã ‚ãÖÌããÊã/¹ããäÀÞœñª •ãñ ãä¡ÔãñâºãÀ 2012 ¹ã¾ãÃâ¦ã ãä¶ãØãÃãä½ã¦ã ¢ããÊãñ Öãñ¦ãñ ¹ãÀâ¦ãì 30 •ãî¶ã 2013 Êãã ¹ãÆÊãâãäºã¦ã Öãñ¦ãñ

ãäÌã¼ããØããÞãñ ¶ããÌã 2007-08 ¹ã¾ãÃâ¦ã 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 †‡ãŠî¥ã

ãä¶ã.‚ã. ¹ããäÀÞœñª ãä¶ã.‚ã. ¹ããäÀÞœñª ãä¶ã.‚ã. ¹ããäÀÞœñª ãä¶ã.‚ã. ¹ããäÀÞœñª ãä¶ã.‚ã. ¹ããäÀÞœñª ãä¶ã.‚ã. ¹ããäÀÞœñª ãä¶ã.‚ã. ¹ããäÀÞœñª

1. ‡ãŠðãäÓã, ¹ãÍãì ÔãâÌã£ãÃ¶ã, ªìØ£ã

ãäÌã‡ãŠãÔã Ìã ½ã¦Ô¾ã

¶ããØã¹ãîÀ 240 489 78 270 76 225 90 339 108 452 80 305 672 2080

½ãìâºãƒÃ 68 149 21 40 32 126 35 105 19 74 2 15 177 509

†‡ãŠî¥ã 308 638 99 310 108 351 125 444 127 526 82 320 849 2589

2. ÔãÖ‡ãŠãÀ Ìã ÌãÔ¨ã ¶ããØã¹ãîÀ 114 174 22 41 13 23 2 3 5 7 5 7 161 255

½ãìâºãƒÃ 30 70 19 42 5 13 12 20 3 12 1 8 70 165

†‡ãŠî¥ã 144 244 41 83 18 36 14 23 8 19 6 15 231 420

3. „²ããñØã, „Š•ããÃ Ìã ‡ãŠã½ãØããÀ ¶ããØã¹ãîÀ 33 58 11 21 10 20 10 23 3 11 1 7 68 140

½ãìâºãƒÃ 50 78 26 58 17 56 17 75 14 77 15 89 139 433

†‡ãŠî¥ã 83 136 37 79 27 76 27 98 17 88 16 96 207 573

4. ÔããÌãÃ•ããä¶ã‡ãŠ ºããâ£ã‡ãŠã½ã ¶ããØã¹ãîÀ 96 166 21 60 40 161 45 221 22 145 1 3 225 756

½ãìâºãƒÃ 90 156 45 88 43 81 44 194 40 206 20 162 282 887

†‡ãŠî¥ã 186 322 66 148 83 242 89 415 62 351 21 165 507 1643

5. ¹ã¾ãÃ›¶ã Ìã ÔããâÔ‡ãŠðãä¦ã‡ãŠ

Ì¾ãÌãÖãÀ

¶ããØã¹ãîÀ 3 5 0 0 5 11 2 4 0 0 0 0 10 20

½ãìâºãƒÃ 30 70 19 42 5 13 12 20 3 12 1 8 70 165

†‡ãŠî¥ã 33 75 19 42 10 24 14 24 3 12 1 8 80 185

6. •ãÊã Ôãâ¹ãªã ¶ããØã¹ãîÀ 329 646 67 181 95 321 84 325 66 319 66 361 707 2153

½ãìâºãƒÃ 68 101 32 43 36 151 27 122 44 280 58 430 265 1127

†‡ãŠî¥ã 397 747 99 224 131 472 111 447 110 599 124 791 972 3280

7. Ìã¶ã ¶ããØã¹ãîÀ 253 405 42 121 34 100 38 151 27 130 11 60 405 967

½ãìâºãƒÃ 57 71 10 14 15 35 8 29 10 59 8 61 108 269

†‡ãŠî¥ã 310 476 52 135 49 135 46 180 37 189 19 121 513 1236

†‡ãŠî¥ã ºãñÀãè•ã 1461 2638 413 1021 426 1336 426 1631 364 1784 269 1516 3359 9926

77


(Ôãâª¼ãÃ : ¹ããäÀÞœñª 1.7.3; ¹ãðÓŸ :8)

ÍããÔã‡ãŠãè½ã Ô¹ãÓ›ãè‡ãŠÀ¥ãã¦¼ã‡ãŠ —ãã¹ã¶ãñ ¹ãÆã¹¦ã ¶ã ¢ããÊãñÊ½ãã ¹ããäÀÞœñª/‚ãã¤ãÌ½ããâÞããè ÔãâŒ½ãã ªÍãÃãäÌã¥ããÀñ ãäÌãÌãÀ¥ã ¹ã¨ã

‚ã¶ãì.

‡ãÆŠ.

ãäÌã¼ããØããÞãñ ¶ããÌã 2005-06

¹ã¾ãÃâ¦ã

2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 †‡ãŠî¥ã

1. ‡ãŠðãäÓã, ¹ãÍãì ÔãâÌã£ãÃ¶ã, ªìØ£ã ãäÌã‡ãŠãÔã Ìã

½ã¦Ô¾ã

3 - - - 1 - 1 5

2. ÔããÌãÃ•ããä¶ã‡ãŠ ºããâ£ã‡ãŠã½ã - - - - - - 1 1

3. Ìã¶ã 2 - - - - - - 2

4. ¹ã¾ãÃ›¶ã Ìã ÔããâÔ‡ãŠðãä¦ã‡ãŠ ‡ãŠã¾ãÃ - - - - - 1 - 1

5. •ãÊã Ôãâ¹ãªã 3 - - - - 4 7 14

6. ÔããÌãÃ•ããä¶ã‡ãŠ ºããâ£ã‡ãŠã½ã Ìã •ãÊã Ôãâ¹ãªã - - 1 - - - - 1

†‡ãŠî¥ã 8 - 1 - 1 5 9 24

78

ãäª¶ããâ‡ãŠ 31 ¼ããÞãÃ 2013 Àãñ•ããè Ôãâ¹ãËñÊ½ãã ÌãÓããÃÞãã ‚ãÖÌããË ‡ãÆŠ.5 (‚ãããä©ãÃ‡ãŠ àãñ¨ã)


(Ôãâª¼ãÃ : ¹ããäÀÞœñª 1.7.3; ¹ãðÓŸ : 8)

Êããñ‡ãŠ ÊãñŒãã Ôããä¼ã¦ããèÞ½ãã ãäÍã¹ãŠãÀÔããèâÌãÀ ¹ãÆÊãâãäºã¦ã ‚ãÔãÊãñÊ½ãã ‡ãŠãÀÌããƒÃ ‡ãŠñÊãñÊ½ãã ¶ããñâªãèÞããè ãäÌã¼ããØã ãä¶ãÖã¾ã ãäÔ©ã¦ããè

‚ã¶ãì.

‡ãÆŠ.

ãäÌã¼ããØããÞãñ ¶ããÌã

1985-86 ¦ãñ

2001-02

2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 †‡ãŠî¥ã

1. ‡ãŠðãäÓã, ¹ãÍãì ÔãâÌã£ãÃ¶ã, ªìØ£ã ãäÌã‡ãŠãÔã Ìã ½ã¦Ô¾ã 23 - - - 7 12 - - - - - 42

2. ÔããÌãÃ•ããä¶ã‡ãŠ ºããâ£ã‡ãŠã½ã 13 - - - 3 - 2 - - - - 18

3. Ìã¶ã - - - - - - 1 - - - - 01

4. ¹ã¾ãÃ›¶ã Ìã ÔããâÔ‡ãŠðãä¦ã‡ãŠ ‡ãŠã¾ãÃ - - - - - - - - - - - -

5. •ãÊã Ôãâ¹ãªã 28 - - 4 7 - - - - - - 39

6. ÔãÖ‡ãŠãÀ Ìã ÌãÔ¨ã 4 - - - - - - - - - - 04

7. „²ããñØã, „Š•ããÃ Ìã ‡ãŠã½ãØããÀ 21 - - - - - - - - - - 21

†‡ãŠî¥ã 89 - - 4 17 12 3 - - - - 125

79

¹ããäÀãäÍãÓ› 2.1.1

(Ôãâª¼ãÃ : ¹ããäÀÞœñª 2.1.6.2; ¹ãðÓŸ : 15)

‡ãŠñâªÆãè½ã ¼ããØãÃ ãä¶ããä£ã ŒããÊããè ¼ãâ•ãîÀ ‡ãŠÀ¥½ãã¦ã ‚ããÊãñÊ½ãã ‡ãŠã¼ããâÞãñ ãäÌãÌãÀ¥ã

(` Êãàã ½ã£¾ãñ)

‚ã¶ãì.

‡ãÆŠ.

ãä•ãÊÖã

2008-09 2009-10 2010-11

†‡ãŠî¥ã

‡ãŠã¼ãñ

†‡ãŠî¥ã

¹ãÆ.½ãã.Þããè

ãä‡ãŠâ¼ã¦ã

‡ãŠã¼ããâÞããè

ÔãâŒ½ãã




ÔãâŒ½ãã




ÔãâŒ½ãã



1. ¶ãâªîÀºããÀ 1 1,100.00 0 0 0 0 1 1,100.00

2. Ÿã¥ãñ 1 710.00 0 0 1 750.00 2 1,460.00

3. ÞãâªÆ¹ãîÀ 2 3,905.00 0 0 4 2,290.00 6 6,195.00

4. ãäÔãâ£ãìªìØãÃ 2 1,500.00 0 0 1 1,850.00 3 3,350.00

5. ‚ã‡ãŠãñÊãã 4 1,720.00 0 0 0 0 4 1,720.00

6. „Ô½ãã¶ããºããª 3 1,200.00 1 350.00 0 0 4 1,550.00

7. £ãìßñ 3 2,000.00 0 0 1 1,100.00 4 3,100.00

8. ‚ã½ãÀãÌã¦ããè 4 1,600.00 0 0 1 400.00 5 2,000.00

9. ¼ãâ¡ãÀã 4 1,500.00 0 0 3 3,130.00 7 4,630.00

10. Ìã£ããÃ 3 1,621.00 0 0 0 0 3 1,621.00

11. ¹ãÀ¼ã¥ããè 3 1,420.00 1 130.00 0 0 4 1,550.00

12. Àã¾ãØã¡ 3 750.00 0 0 0 0 3 750.00

13. À¦¶ãããäØãÀãè 4 1,500.00 0 0 0 0 4 1,500.00

14. ‡ãŠãñÊÖã¹ãîÀ 2 2,524.90 0 0 1 550.00 3 3,074.90

15. •ãßØããÌã 3 1,450.00 0 0 2 780.00 5 2,230.00

16. Øã¡ãäÞãÀãñÊããè 7 4,690.00 0 0 0 0 7 4,690.00

17. ÔããâØãÊããè 6 2,300.00 0 0 0 0 6 2,300.00

18. ãäÖâØããñÊããè 3 1,425.00 0 0 2 1,000.00 5 2,425.00

19. ÌãããäÍã½ã 4 1,120.00 2 720.00 1 250.00 7 2,090.00

20. ºãìÊã¤ã¥ãã 4 1,265.00 3 1,190.00 0 0 7 2,455.00

21. ÔããñÊãã¹ãîÀ 6 1,807.00 0 0 3 2,000.00 9 3,807.00

22. Øããñâãäª¾ãã* 9 5,536.90 0 0 4 2,150.00 13 7,686.90

23. •ããÊã¶ãã 5 1,080.00 2 470.00 0 0 7 1,550.00

24. ‚ãÖ½ãª¶ãØãÀ 5 2,535.00 2 1,540.00 1 600.00 8 4,675.00

25. ¾ãÌã¦ã½ããß* 4 1,860.00 0 0 6 3,600.00 10 5,460.00

26. Êãã¦ãîÀ 4 1,035.00 2 390.00 1 500.00 7 1,925.00

27. ‚ããõÀâØããºããª 3 795.00 4 1,155.00 2 1,000.00 9 2,950.00

28. Ôãã¦ããÀã* 9 2,289.60 0 0 2 1,000.00 11 3,289.60

29. ºããè¡ 4 960.00 5 1,190.00 1 500.00 10 2,650.00

30. ¶ããâªñ¡* 5 2,040.00 10 5,630.50 1 2,000.00 16 9,670.50

31. ¹ãì¥ãñ* 4 1,460.00 5 2325.00 4 1,600.00 13 5,385.00

32. ¶ãããäÍã‡ãŠ* 6 2,900.00 3 6,900.00 10 8,750.00 19 18,550.00

33. ¶ããØã¹ãîÀ* 5 1,470.00 6 2,834.27 4 4,664.93 15 8,969.20

†‡ãŠî¥ã 135 61,069.40 46 24,824.77 56 40,464.93 237 1,26,359.10

(Ô¨ããñ¦ã: ¼ããÀ¦ã ÔãÀ‡ãŠãÀÞãñ ‡ãŠñâªÆãè¾ã ½ããØãÃ ãä¶ããä£ã ‚ãâ¦ãØãÃ¦ã ‡ãŠã½ããâÞãñ ½ãâ•ãìÀãè ¹ã¨ã)

*½ãâ•ãîÀ ãä¶ããä£ãÞ¾ãã 47 ›‡ã‹‡ãŠñ ãä½ãßãÊãñÊãñ Àã•¾ãã¦ããèÊã 33 ãä•ãÊÛããâ¹ãõ‡ãŠãè Ôãã¦ã ãä•ãÊÖñ

¶ããñ›: 2011-13 ªÀ½¾ãã¶ã ‡ãŠãñ¥ã¦ãñÖãè ‡ãŠã½ã ½ãâ•ãîÀ ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ãã¦ã ‚ããÊãñ ¶ããÖãè.


80


(Ôãâª»ãÃ : ¹ããäÀÞœñª 2.1.8.5; ¹ãðÓŸ 26)

‚ã¶ãñ‡ãŠ ‡ãŠã¼ãã¦ã ¦ããèÞã ãäºã›ì¼ã¶ã ºããè•ã‡ãŠñ ÔããªÀ ‡ãŠÀ¥½ãã ºããºã¦ãÞãñ ãäÌãÌãÀ¥ã

‚ã¶ãì.

‡ãÆŠ.

ãäÌã¼ããØã

ºããè•ã‡ãŠ ‡ãÆŠ¼ããâ‡ãŠ

Ìã ãäª¶ããâ‡ãŠ

‡ãŠã¼ãã¦ã Ìãã¹ãÀÊãñÊ½ãã

ãäºã›ì¼ã¶ã Þãñ ¹ããäÀ¼ãã¥ã

(¼ãñ.›¶ã)

ãäºã›ì¼ã¶ãÞããè



•½ãã ‡ãŠã¼ãã‡ãŠãäÀ¦ãã ãäºã›ì¼ã¶ã Þãã Ìãã¹ãÀ ¢ããÊãã ¦½ãã ‡ãŠã¼ããâÞããè ¶ããÌãñ ½ããñ•ã¶ãã ‡ãŠâ¨ãã›ªãÀãÞãñ ¶ããÌã

•ãñ©ãî¶ã ãäºã›ì¼ã¶ã ¹ãÆã¹¦ã

‡ãŠñÊãñ ¦½ãã ¹ããäÀÓ‡ãŠÀ¥ããèÞãñ

¶ããÌã

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

1



ãäÌã¼ããØã,

¾ãÌã¦ã½ããß

0027084 /

23.03.2010

19.41 6.38

1. Üãã›â•ããè ¹ããÀÌãã ½ããØãÃ ãä‡ãŠ.½ããè. 0/00 ¦ãñ 17/00 Þããè Ôãì£ããÀ¥ãã

2. Ôããñ¶ãŒãÔã Üãã›â•ããè ½ããØãÃ ãä‡ãŠ.½ããè. 129/500 ¦ãñ 135/00 Þããè

Ôãì£ããÀ¥ãã

‡ãŠñ.½ãã.ãä¶ã.

†¶ã ›ãè †¶ã ºããè †Êã

(5054)

½ãñÔãÔãÃ ‚ããõªã¾ãÃ

‡ãŠ¶Ôã›È‡ã‹Íã¶ã

†Þã ¹ããè Ôããè †Êã

2

0036809 /

18.03.2010

19.91 6.54

1. Üãã›â•ããè ¹ããÀÌãã ½ããØãÃ ãä‡ãŠ.½ããè. 0/00 ¦ãñ 17/00 Þããè Ôãì£ããÀ¥ãã

2. Ôããñ¶ãŒãÔã Üãã›â•ããè ½ããØãÃ ãä‡ãŠ.½ããè. 129/500 ¦ãñ 135/00 Þããè




(5054)

½ãñÔãÔãÃ ‚ããõªã¾ãÃ

‡ãŠ¶Ôã›È‡ã‹Íã¶ã


3

0070311/

01.05.2010

14.49 3.81

1. ½ããñÖã ½ãªã¶ããè Ìãã›Œãñ¡ ÜãÀ¹ãŠß Àñ¥ãì‡ãŠã¹ãîÀ ¦ãñ ãä•ãÊÖã Ôããè½ãã

ãä‡ãŠ.½ããè. 25/00 ¦ãñ 26/00, 33/550 ¦ãñ 34/600, 36/100 ¦ãñ 37/00

Þãñ ºãß‡ãŠ›ãè‡ãŠÀ¥ã Ìã ¡ãâºãÀãè‡ãŠÀ¥ã

2. ªãÀÌÖã-¾ãÌã¦ã½ããß ½ããØãÃ †Ôã†Þã.-212, ãä‡ãŠ.½ããè. 148/200 ¦ãñ

150/600 ÌãÀãèÊã ‡ãŠ½ã‡ãŠìÌã¦ã Ìã ‚ãÀŠâª ¹ãìÊããÞãñ ºãß‡ãŠ›ãè‡ãŠÀ¥ã

¶ããºãã¡Ã


(5054)

½ãñÔãÔãÃ ‚ããÀ ºããè

‡ãŠâ¨ãã›ªãÀ

†ÔÔããÀ

4

0076699/

05.06.2010

14.83 3.87

1. ½ããñÖã ½ãªã¶ããè Ìãã›Œãñ¡ ÜãÀ¹ãŠß Àñ¥ãì‡ãŠã¹ãîÀ ¦ãñ ãä•ãÊÖã Ôããè½ãã

ãä‡ãŠ.½ããè. 25/00 ¦ãñ 26/00, 33/550 ¦ãñ 34/600, 36/100 ¦ãñ 37/00

Þãñ ºãß‡ãŠ›ãè‡ãŠÀ¥ã Ìã ¡ãâºãÀãè‡ãŠÀ¥ã

2. ªãÀÌÖã-¾ãÌã¦ã½ããß ½ããØãÃ †Ôã†Þã-212, ãä‡ãŠ.½ããè. 148/200 ¦ãñ

150/600 ÌãÀãèÊã ‡ãŠ½ã‡ãŠìÌã¦ã Ìã ‚ãÀŠâª ¹ãìÊããÞãñ ºãß‡ãŠ›ãè‡ãŠÀ¥ã

¶ããºãã¡Ã


(5054)


‡ãŠâ¨ãã›ªãÀ†ÔÔããÀ

5

0031430/

30.04.2012

14.99 6.22

1. ÞããâªîÀºãã•ããÀ ãä¦ãÌãÔãã £ãã½ã¥ãØããÌã ¾ãÌã¦ã½ããß ½ããØãÃ ãä‡ãŠ.½ããè.

96/600 ¦ãñ 101/00 Ìã 102/500 ¦ãñ 104/400 Þããè Ôãì£ããÀ¥ãã

2. ¶ãñÀ ½ããñ¢ãÀ Ôãã¦ãñ¹ãŠß ½ããØãÃ 18/00 ¦ãñ 20/00 Þããè Ôãì£ããÀ¥ãã

XIII Ìãã ãäÌã§ã ‚ãã¾ããñØã


(5054)




6

0023123/

24.02.2012

14.78 6.59

1. ÞããâªîÀºãã•ããÀ ãä¦ãÌãÔãã £ãã½ã¥ãØããÌã ¾ãÌã¦ã½ããß ½ããØãÃ ãä‡ãŠ.½ããè.

96/600 ¦ãñ 101/00 Ìã 102/500 ¦ãñ 104/400 Þããè Ôãì£ããÀ¥ãã

2. ¶ãñÀ ½ããñ¢ãÀ Ôãã¦ãñ¹ãŠß ½ããØãÃ 18/00 ¦ãñ 20/00 Þããè Ôãì£ããÀ¥ãã

XIII Ìãã ãäÌã§ã ‚ãã¾ããñØã


(5054)




81

¹ããäÀãäÍãÓ› 2.1.2 (¹ãì¤ñ ÞããËî..)

‚ã¶ãì.

‡ãÆŠ.

ãäÌã¼ããØã





(¼ãñ.›¶ã)







¶ããÌã

7



ãäÌã¼ããØã,

¶ããâªñ¡

617436890 /

20.01.2010

14.70 5.19

1. ãä¹ãâ¹ãßØããÌã ¹ãã¦ããè ¦ãñ ªñØããÌã ¾ãñßñØããâÌã ¦ãñ †½ã†Ôã†Þã-2, ãä‡ãŠ.½ããè.

0/00 ¦ãñ 8/400 Þããè Ôãì£ããÀ¥ãã

2. ‚ããßñØããÌã-ãä¶ãÊãã-¶ããâªñ¡ †½ã¡ãè‚ããÀ 71, ãä‡ãŠ.½ããè. 0/00 ¦ãñ 11/00

Þããè Ôãì£ããÀ¥ãã


½ãñÔãÔãÃ †½ã †Ôã ¹ãã›¶ãñ ‚ãã¾ã ‚ããñ Ôããè †Êã

8 617438996/

10.02.2010

15.12 5.15

1. ãä¹ãâ¹ãßØããÌã ¹ãã¦ããè ¦ãñ ªñØããÌã ¾ãñßñØããÌã ¦ãñ †½ã†Ôã†Þã-2, ãä‡ãŠ.½ããè.




‡ãŠñ.½ãã.ãä¶ã. ½ãñÔãÔãÃ †½ã †Ôã ¹ãã›¶ãñ ‚ãã¾ã ‚ããñ Ôããè †Êã

9

617436490 /

13.01.2010

15.12 5.41






10

617438914 /

06.02.2010

15.16 5.17



2. ‚ããßñØããÌã-ãä¶ãÊãã-¶ããâªñ¡ ½ããØãÃ †½ã¡ãè‚ããÀ 71, ãä‡ãŠ.½ããè. 0/00 ¦ãñ

11/00 Þããè Ôãì£ããÀ¥ãã


11

617437192 /

28.01.2010

15.18 5.36

1. ãä¹ãâ¹ãßØããÌã ¹ãã¦ããè ¦ãñ ªñØããâÌã ¾ãñßñØããÌã ¦ãñ †½ã†Ôã†Þã 2 ãä‡ãŠ.½ããè.


2.‚ããßñØããÌã-ãä¶ãÊãã-¶ããâªñ¡ ½ããØãÃ †½ã¡ãè‚ããÀ 71 ãä‡ãŠ.½ããè. 4/00 ¦ãñ



12

617439413 /

03.03.2009

15.13 4.45



2. ‚ããßñØããÌã-ãä¶ãÊãã-¶ããâªñ¡ ½ããØãÃ †½ã¡ãè‚ããÀ 71, ãä‡ãŠ.½ããè. 0/00 ¦ãñ



82

¹ããäÀãäÍãÓ› 2.1.2 (Ôã½ãã¹¦ã.)

‚ã¶ãì.

‡ãÆŠ.

ãäÌã¼ããØã





(¼ãñ.›¶ã)







¶ããÌã

13


ºããâ£ã‡ãŠã½ã ãäÌã¼ããØã

III, ¶ããØã¹ãîÀ

0012868 /

20.03.2012

14.87 6.35

1. „½ãÀñ¡ ¦ãÖÔããèÊããè¦ããèÊã „½ãÀñ¡-ãäØãÀ¡ ½ããØãÃ (†Ôã†Þã 258)

ãä‡ãŠ.½ããè. 0/00 ¦ãñ 6/00 Þ¾ãã ¡ãâºãÀãè ¹ãðÓŸ¼ããØããÞãñ ¶ãî¦ã¶ããè‡ãŠÀ¥ã


ãä‡ãŠ.½ããè. 7/00 ¦ãñ 13/500 ¾ãã ¡ãâºãÀãè ¹ãðÓŸ¼ããØããÞãñ ¶ãî¦ã¶ããè‡ãŠÀ¥ã

13 Ìãã ãäÌã§ã ‚ãã¾ããñØã

½ãñÔãÔãÃ ¹ããè †¶ã ªñÌããß‡ãŠÀ †Þã ¹ããè Ôããè †Êã

14

0019210 /

14.03.2012

14.76 6.37



2. „½ãÀñ¡ ¦ãÖãäÔãÊããè¦ããèÊã „½ãÀñ¡-ãäØãÀ¡ ½ããØãÃ (†Ôã†Þã 258)


13 Ìãã ãäÌã§ã ‚ãã¾ããñØã ½ãñÔãÔãÃ ¹ããè †¶ã ªñÌããß‡ãŠÀ


15

6000119304 /

19.03.2012

15.01 6.65





13 Ìãã ãäÌã§ã ‚ãã¾ããñØã ½ãñÔãÔãÃ ¹ããè †¶ã ªñÌããß‡ãŠÀ

ºããè ¹ããè Ôããè †Êã

16

0013039 /

23.03.2012

14.81 6.33



2. „½ãÀñ¡ ¦ãÖÔãÊããè¦ããèÊã „½ãÀñ¡-ãäØãÀ¡ ½ããØãÃ (†Ôã†Þã 258) ãä‡ãŠ.½ããè.

7/00 ¦ãñ 13/500 ¾ãã ¡ãâºãÀãè ¹ãðÓŸ¼ããØããÞãñ ¶ãî¦ã¶ããè‡ãŠÀ¥ã

13 Ìãã ãäÌã§ã ‚ãã¾ããñØã ½ãñÔãÔãÃ ¹ããè †¶ã ªñÌããß‡ãŠÀ †Þã ¹ããè Ôããè †Êã

17

0013477/

25.03.2012

14.89 6.36





13 Ìãã ãäÌã§ã ‚ãã¾ããñØã ½ãñÔãÔãÃ ¹ããè †¶ã ªñÌããß‡ãŠÀ †Þã ¹ããè Ôããè †Êã

†‡ãŠî¥ã 263.16 96.20

(Ô¨ããñ¦ã: ÔããÌãÃ•ããä¶ã‡ãŠ ºããâ£ã‡ãŠã¼ã ãäÌã»ããØãã¦ããèÊã NTNBL (¶ããù¶ã-›Èã½ãºãÊã ¶ããù¶ã-ºãù‡ãŠÊããùØã) ãä¶ãÌã¡ÊãñÊ½ãã ‡ãŠã¼ããÞãñ ÞããÊãî ÊãñŒãã ªñ½ã‡ãŠñ ‚ãããä¥ã ãäºã›ì¼ã¶ãÞãñ ºããè•ã‡ãŠñ)

83


(Ôãâª»ãÃ : ¹ããäÀÞœñª 2.1.10.1; ¹ãðÓŸ: 32)

‡ãŠãú‡ãÆŠãè› Üã¶ããâÞ½ãã ÞããÞã¥ããè¦ããèÊã ãäÌãÊãâºã

‚ã¶ãì

‡ãÆŠ.

‡ãŠã¼ããÞãñ ¶ããâÌã ãäÌã¼ããØã ½ããñ•ã¶ãã

‡ãŠãú‡ãÆŠãè› ãä½ãÑã¥ããÞããè

Ñãñ¥ããè

Üã¶ããÞ¾ãã ‡ãŠãÔ›ãèâØã

(Casting) Þããè

¦ããÀãèŒã

ÞããÞã¥ããè Þããè

ãä¶ã¾ã¦ã ¦ããÀãèŒã

Üã¶ããÞ¾ãã ¹ãÆ¦¾ãàã

ÞããÞã¥ããèÞããè

¦ããÀãèŒã

ÞããÞã¥ããè

Üãñ¥¾ãã¦ããèÊã

ãäÌãÊãâºã (ãäªÌãÔã)

„§ãÀ

1 ¦ããÊãì‡ãŠã ‡ãŠÊÊã½ã ½ã£ããèÊã ‡ãŠÊÊã½ã ¤ãñ‡ãŠãè ¦ãñÀ ºãñâºãßãè ½ããØãÃ

†Ôã†Þã-159, ãä‡ãŠ.½ããè.16/400 ÌãÀ ¹ãîÊã ºããâ£ã¥ãñ

ºããâ£ã‡ãŠã½ã ãäÌã¼ããØã,

„Ô½ãã¶ããºããª

¶ããºãã¡Ã †½ã 10 20.02.2012 20.03.2012 13.07.2012 115 ¾ãã ãäÌãÊãâºãã ‡ãŠÀ¦ãã Ÿß‡ãŠ „§ãÀ

ãäªÊãñ ¶ããÖãè. †½ã 15 20.03.2012 17.04.2012 13.07.2012 87

2 „½ãÀñ¡ ¾ãñ©ãñ „½ãÀñ¡-¦ãÀã¥ãã-½ããâ¤ß ½ããØãÃ (†½ã¡ãè‚ããÀ-25)

ÌãÀ Þãñ¶ãñ•ã 8/0 ÌãÀ ÊãÖã¶ã ¹ãîÊã ºããâ£ã¥ãñ


ºããâ£ã‡ãŠã½ã ãäÌã¼ããØã

‡ãÆŠ. III, ¶ããØã¹ãîÀ

¶ããºãã¡Ã †½ã 20 Ìã †½ã 25 15.06.2009 14.07.2009 21.04.2011 646

ÌãÔ¦ãìãäÔ©ã¦ããè ½ãã¶¾ã ‡ãŠñÊããè. Öã

ãäÌãÊãâºã ¹ãÆ¾ããñØã Íããßñ¦ããèÊã

‡ãŠã½ããÞ¾ãã Ì¾ãã¹ãã½ãìßñ ¢ããÊãã

‚ãÔãñ ÔããâØã¥¾ãã¦ã ‚ããÊãñ.

23.06.2009 21.07.2009 21.04.2011 639

08.08.2009 05.09.2009 21.04.2011 593

3 ºãì›ãèºããñÀãè-„½ãÀñ¡ ½ããØãÃ ãä‡ãŠ.½ããè. 0/00 ¦ãñ 4/500, 21/00

¦ãñ 22/500, 23/500 ¦ãñ 26/400 Þããè Ôãì£ããÀ¥ãã

‡ãŠñâªÆãè¾ã ½ããØãÃ ãä¶ããä£ã †½ã 15 12.05.2011 09.06.2011 27.12.2011 201

18.05.2011 15.06.2011 27.12.2011 195

18.06.2011 16.07.2011 27.12.2011 164

25.06.2011 23.07.2011 27.12.2011 157

30.06.2011 28.07.2011 27.12.2011 152

4 ¹ãã›¥ãÔããÌãâØããè-¼ãÀ¦ãÌãã¡ã-‡ãŠìÖãè-‚ãâ¼ããñÀã †Ôã†Þã-254

ãä‡ãŠ.½ããè. 19/00 ¦ãñ 25/00 Þããè Ôãì£ããÀ¥ãã

‡ãŠñâªÆãè¾ã ½ããØãÃ ãä¶ããä£ã †½ã 15 22.01.2009 19.02.2009 05.06.2009 106

27.01.2009 24.02.2009 05.06.2009 101

5 ‡ãŠ½ããÀãè ÖÀ¡¹ãŠ £ããñ¨ãã ãäÌãÀÔã¥ããè ÜããÀã¹ãîÀ ãäÖ½ãã¾ã¦ã¶ãØãÀ

½ããØãÃ †½ã¡ãè‚ããÀ-11, ãä‡ãŠ.½ããè. 5/00 ¦ãñ 13/500 Þããè




¼ããñ‡ãŠÀ

‡ãŠñâªÆãè¾ã ½ããØãÃ ãä¶ããä£ã †½ã 15 10.12.2010 07.01.2011 03.03.2011 55 „§ãÀ ãäªÊãñ ¶ããÖãè.

†½ã 20 20.12.2010 17.01.2011 03.03.2011 45

6 ½ãã¶ã ¶ãªãèÌãÀ ‡ãŠã½ãÊããõÀ ½ããâØãÌãã¡ãè ãäÞãâ‡ãŠñ, ‚ããñ¡ãè‚ããÀ-

108, ¦ããÊãì‡ãŠã ÔããâØããñßã ½ããØããÃÌãÀ ºããÊãÌãã¡ãè ØããÌãã•ãÌãß

¹ãîÊã ºããâ£ã¥ãñ



¹ãâ¤À¹ãîÀ

¶ããºãã¡Ã †½ã 15 18.04.2011 16.05.2011 26.08.2011 41 ¾ãã ãäÌãÊãâºãã‡ãŠÀ¦ãã Ÿß‡ãŠ „§ãÀ

ãäªÊãñ ¶ããÖãè.

(Ô¨ããñ¦ã : ÔããÌãÃ•ããä¶ã‡ãŠ ºããâ£ã‡ãŠã½ã ãäÌã¼ããØãã¦ããèÊã ãä¶ãÌã¡ÊãñÊ¾ãã ‡ãŠã½ããâÞããè ÞããÊãî ÊãñŒãã ªñ¾ã‡ãŠñ, ÞããÊãî ÊãñŒãã ªñ¾ã‡ãŠãâ¶ãã •ããñ¡ÊãñÊ¾ãã Øãì¥ã ãä¶ã¾ãâ¨ã¥ã ÞããÞã¥ããèâÞãã ‚ãÖÌããÊã, ãä¶ããäÌãªã ‡ãŠÀãÀ)

84

¹ããäÀãäÎãÓ› 2.2.1

(Ôãâª¼ãÃ: ¹ããäÀÞœñª: 2.2.1.1; ¹ãðÓŸ: 38 )

ãäÎã£ãã¹ããä¨ã‡ãŠãâÞããè ÌãØãÃÌããÀãè ‚ãããä¥ã ‚ã¶¶ã£ãã¶½ã Ìã ƒ¦ãÀ ÌãÔ¦ãîâÞãñ ‚ã¶ãì—ãñ¾ã ¹ãÆ½ãã¥ã

ãäÎã£ãã¹ããä¨ã‡ãŠã

£ããÀ‡ãŠãâÞãã ¹ãÆÌãØãÃ

ãäÎã£ãã¹ããä¨ã‡ãŠñÞãã

ÀâØã

Ëã¼ãã©ããèÃ

ãä¶ãÌã¡¥½ããÔããŸãè

ãäÌãÞããÀã¦ã Üãñ¦ãËñËñ

‡ãŠãõ›ìâãäºã‡ãŠ ÌãããäÓãÃ‡ãŠ

„¦¹ã¶¶ã

‚ã¶¶ã£ãã¶½ã Ìã ƒ¦ãÀ ÌãÔ¦ãîâÞããè ¼ãããäÔã‡ãŠ ‚ã¶ãì—ãñ¾ã¦ãã ¼ããÞãÃ 2013 Àãñ•ããè

‚ãÔãËñÊ¾ãã †‡ãŠî¥ã


‚ã¶¶ã£ãã¶½ã ÔããŒãÀ ¦ãîÀ¡ãß ¹ãã½ã ¦ãñË

ºããè¹ããè†Êã ãä¹ãÌãßã ` 15,000 ¹ã¾ãÃâ¦ã 35 ãä‡ãŠ.ØãÆù/ãäÎã£ãã¹ããä¨ã‡ãŠã 500 ØãÆù/Ì¾ããä‡ã‹¦ã

1 ãä‡ãŠ.ØãÆù/


1 ãäË›À /


43,74,512

‚ãâ¦¾ããñª¾ã ‚ã¶¶ã

¾ããñ•ã¶ãã

ãä¹ãÌãßã

BPL ½ã£ããèË ØãÀãèºãã¦ããèË

ØãÀãèºã

35 ãä‡ãŠ.ØãÆù/ãäÎã£ãã¹ããä¨ã‡ãŠã 500 ØãÆù/Ì¾ããä‡ã‹¦ã



1 ãäË›À /


23,39,637

‚ã¶¶ã¹ãî¥ããÃ ¾ããñ•ã¶ãã

ãä¶ããäÎÞã¦ã ‡ãŠñËñËã

¶ããÖãè

Ìãð®ã¹ã‡ãŠãËãè¶ã ãä¶ãÌãð¦¦ããè

Ìãñ¦ã¶ããÔããŸãè ¹ãã¨ã

‚ãÔãËñËñ ØãÀãèºã ÌããäÀÓŸ

¶ããØããäÀ‡ãŠ

10 ãä‡ãŠ.ØãÆù./Ì¾ããä‡ã‹¦ã - - -

85,928

†¹ããè†Êã ‡ãŠñÎãÀãè

` 15,001 ‚ãããä¥ã ` †‡ãŠ

Ëàã ªÀ½¾ãã¶ã

15 ãä‡ãŠ.ØãÆù./






1 ãäË›À /


138,39,946

¹ããâ¤Àã ` †‡ãŠ Êãàãã¹ãñàãã ‚ããä£ã‡ãŠ PDS ‚ãâ¦ãØãÃ¦ã ‡ãŠãñ¥ã¦ããÖãè Ëã¼ã ãä½ãß¥¾ããÔã ¹ãã¨ã ¶ããÖãè¦ã 9,54,221

†‡ãŠî¥ã 215,94,244

Ô¨ããñ¦ã: ‡ãŠñâªÆ Ìã Àã•¾ã ÎããÔã¶ãã¶ãñ •ããÀãè ‡ãŠñËñËñ ÎããÔã¶ã ãä¶ã¥ãÃ¾ã Ìã ãäÌã¼ããØããÞãñ ÌãÓãÃ 2013-14 Þãñ Ôãâ¹ããª¥ãî‡ãŠ ‚ãâªã•ã¹ã¨ã‡ãŠ

85

¹ããäÀãäÎãÓ›

¹ããäÀãäÎãÓ› 2.2.2

(Ôãâª¼ãÃ: ¹ããäÀÞœñª: 2.2.10.1; ¹ãðÓŸ: 46 )

ÌãÓãÃ 2008-13 ªÀ¼½ãã¶ã FCI Ìã ãäÌã»ããØãã¶ãñ, ‚ã¶¶ã£ãã¶½ããÞãñ Ìãã›¹ã ‚ãããä¥ã „ÞãË ½ããâÞ½ãã ÔããªÀ ‡ãŠñËñÊ½ãã ‚ãã‡ãŠ¡ñÌããÀãè¦ããèË ¹ãŠÀ‡ãŠ

ÌãÓãÃ

½ããñ•ã¶ãñÞãñ

¶ããÌã

ãäÌã»ããØãã‡ãŠ¡ãèË

¶ããñâªãè¶ãìÔããÀ ‡ãŠñËñËñ

Ìãã›¹ã

FCI ‡ãŠ¡ãèË

¶ããñâªãè¶ãìÔããÀ

‡ãŠñËñËñ Ìãã›¹ã

¹ãŠÀ‡ãŠ

ãäÌã¼ããØãã¦ããèË


‡ãŠñËñËãè „ÞãË

FCI ½ã£ããèË


‡ãŠñËñËãè „ÞãË

¹ãŠÀ‡ãŠ

ãäÌã»ããØããÞããè ‚ãã‡ãŠ¡ñÌããÀãè FCI ‡ãŠ¡ãèË

‚ãã‡ãŠ¡ñÌããÀãè ¹ãñàãã ‡ãŠ¼ããè

ãäÌã»ããØããÞããè ‚ãã‡ãŠ¡ñÌããÀãè FCI ‡ãŠ¡ãèË

‚ãã‡ãŠ¡ñÌããÀãè ¹ãñàãã ‚ããä£ã‡ãŠ

(10,000 ¼ãñ. ›¶ã ¼ã£½ãñ) Ìãã›¹ã „ÞãË Ìãã›¹ã „ÞãË

2008-09

APL 42.15 40.84 1.31 28.46 25.77 2.69 0 0 1.31 2.69

BPL 170.94 170.94 0 151.32 154.69 -3.37 0 3.37 0 0

AAY 103.49 103.49 0 88.00 90.26 -2.26 0 2.26 0 0

2009-10

APL 190.17 162.57 27.60 96.43 102.67 -6.24 0 6.24 27.60 0

BPL 170.94 170.94 0 157.47 160.05 -2.58 0 2.58 0 0

AAY 103.49 103.49 0 93.74 95.37 -1.63 0 1.63 0 0

2010-11 APL 207.90 134.32 73.58 103.69 101.24 2.45 0 0 73.58 2.45

BPL 208.52 160.06 48.46 167.74 166.04 1.70 0 0 48.46 1.70

AAY 100.88 100.88 0 92.20 94.37 -2.17 0 2.17 0 0

2011-12

APL 190.28 184.53 5.75 91.21 98.58 -7.37 0 7.37 5.75 0.0

BPL 233.57 270.62 -37.05 183.61 202.72 -19.11 37.05 19.11 0 0

AAY 98.27 103.85 -5.58 89.11 91.54 -2.43 5.58 2.43 0 0

2012-13

APL 201.47 193.11 8.36 112.84 116.43 -3.59 0 3.59 8.36 0

BPL 218.53 206.64 11.89 181.42 193.09 -11.67 0 11.67 11.89 0

AAY 102.01 100.18 1.83 95.11 98.28 -3.17 0 3.17 1.83 0

APL 0 17.20 116.60 5.14

BPL 37.05 36.73 60.35 1.70

AAY 5.58 11.66 1.83 0

(Ô¨ããñ¦ã: ãäÌã¼ããØã Ìã ¼ããÀ¦ããè¾ã ‚ã¶¶ã ½ãÖã½ãâ¡ßã‡ãŠ¡î¶ã ¹ãÆã¹¦ã ¢ããËñËãè ½ãããäÖ¦ããè)

86


(Ôãâª¼ãÃ : ¹ããäÀÞœñª : 2.2.10.2; ¹ãðÓŸ : 46)

Àã•½ãã¦ã 2008-13 ªÀ¼½ãã¶ã Ìãã›¹ã, „ÞãË Ìã „ÞãË ¶ã ‡ãŠñÊ¾ãã½ãìßñ Àªáª

¢ããËñËã ‚ã¶¶ã£ãã¶½ããÞãã (ØãÖî Ìã ¦ããâªîß) ãäÖÔÔãã

(Ëàã ¼ãñ. ›¶ã ¼ã£½ãñ)

ÌãÓãÃ ½ããñ•ã¶ãñÞãñ ¶ããÌã Ìãã›¹ã „ÞãË

Àªáª ¢ããËñËñ

Ìãã›¹ã

Àªáª ¢ããËñÊ¾ãã

Ìãã›¹ããÞããè ›‡ã‹‡ãŠñÌããÀãè

2008-09 APL 4.21 2.85 1.36 32.30

BPL 17.09 15.13 1.96 11.47

AAY 10.35 8.80 1.55 14.98

†‡ãŠî¥ã 31.65 26.78 4.87 15.39

2009-10 APL 19.02 9.64 9.38 49.32

BPL 17.09 15.75 1.34 7.84

AAY 10.35 9.37 0.98 9.47

†‡ãŠî¥ã 46.46 34.76 11.70 25.18

2010-11 APL 20.79 10.37 10.42 50.12

BPL 20.85 16.77 4.08 19.57

AAY 10.09 9.22 0.87 8.62

†‡ãŠî¥ã 51.73 36.36 15.37 29.71

2011-12 APL 19.03 9.12 9.91 52.08

BPL 23.36 18.36 5.00 21.40

AAY 9.83 8.91 0.92 9.36

†‡ãŠî¥ã 52.22 36.39 15.83 30.31

2012-13 APL 20.15 11.28 8.87 44.02

BPL 21.85 18.14 3.71 16.98

AAY 10.20 9.51 0.69 6.76

†‡ãŠî¥ã 52.20 38.93 13.27 25.42

½ããØããèË ¹ããÞã ÌãÓããÃÞãã ØããñÓãÌããÀã

APL 83.20 43.26 39.94 48.00

BPL 100.24 84.15 16.09 16.05

AAY 50.82 45.81 5.01 9.86

†‡ãŠî¥ã ºãñÀãè•ã 234.26 173.22 61.04 26.05

Ô¨ããñ¦ã: ãäÌã¼ããØãã¶ãñ ÔããªÀ ‡ãŠñËñËãè ‚ãã‡ãŠ¡ñÌããÀãè

¹ããäÀãäÎãÓ›

87


(Ôãâª¼ãÃ : ¹ããäÀÞœñª : 2.2.10.2; ¹ãðÓŸ : 46)

ÌãÓãÃ 2008-13 ªÀ¼½ãã¶ã ÞããÞã¥ããè ¦ã¹ããÔã¥ããè ‡ãŠñËñÊ½ãã ‡ãŠã½ããÃË½ããâ¼ã£ããèË Ìãã›¹ã, „ÞãË, „ÞãË ¶ã

‡ãŠñÊ½ãã¼ãìßñ Àªáª ¢ããËñÊ½ãã ‚ã¶¶ã£ãã¶½ããÞãã (ØãÖî Ìã ¦ããâªîß) ãäÖÔÔãã

(Ëàã ¼ãñ. ›¶ã ¼ã£½ãñ)

ÌãÓãÃ

½ããñ•ã¶ãñÞãñ

¶ããÌã

Ìãã›¹ã „ÞãË

Àªáª

¢ããËñËã

ãäÖÔÔãã

Ìãã¤ãèÌã

‡ãŠãËãÌã£ããè¦ã

‡ãŠñËñËãè

„ÞãË

‚ãâãä¦ã¼ã¦ã:

Àªáª

¢ããËñËã

ãäÖÔÔãã

Àªáª ¢ããËñÊ¾ãã ãäÖÔÔ¾ããÞããè

›‡ã‹‡ãŠñÌããÀãè

2008-09

APL 1.88 1.67 0.21 0.01 0.20 10.64

BPL 12.33 10.97 1.36 0 1.36 11.03

AAY 7.87 6.66 1.21 0 1.21 15.37

2009-10

APL 6.18 4.49 1.69 0.05 1.64 26.54

BPL 12.39 10.75 1.64 0.10 1.54 12.42

AAY 8.04 6.92 1.12 0.07 1.05 13.06

2010-11

APL 14.39 7.34 7.05 0.07 6.98 48.51

BPL 15.52 13.33 2.19 0.12 2.07 13.34

AAY 8.62 7.44 1.18 0.10 1.08 12.53

2011-12

APL 12.99 6.74 6.25 0.03 6.22 47.88

BPL 15.89 13.51 2.38 0.01 2.37 14.92

AAY 8.58 7.98 0.60 0.01 0.59 6.88

2012-13

APL 14.00 8.71 5.29 0.17 5.12 36.57

BPL 16.31 14.36 1.95 0.05 1.90 11.65

AAY 9.51 8.81 0.70 0.01 0.69 7.26

½ãØããèË ¹ããÞã

ÌãÓããÃÞãã

ØããñÓãÌããÀã

APL 49.44 28.95 20.49 0.33 20.16 40.78

BPL 72.44 62.92 9.52 0.28 9.24 12.76

AAY 42.62 37.81 4.81 0.19 4.62 10.84

†‡ãŠî¥ã ºãñÀãè•ã 164.50 129.68 34.82 0.8 34.02 20.68

Ô¨ããñ¦ã: ÞããÞã¥ããè ¦ã¹ããÔã¥ããè ‡ãŠñËñÊ¾ãã ‡ãŠã¾ããÃË¾ããâ‡ãŠ¡î¶ã ¹ãÆã¹¦ã ¢ããËñËãè ½ãããäÖ¦ããè


88



BPL ØãÆãÖ‡ãŠãâ¶ãã 2008-09 ¦ãñ 2012-13 ªÀ¼½ãã¶ã ÔããŒãÀñÞãñ ‡ãŠñËñËñ Ìãã›¹ã Ìã ¦½ãã¹ãõ‡ãŠãè ‡ãŠñËñËãè „ÞãË ½ããÞ½ãã ãä¶ãÌã¡‡ãŠ ‡ãŠã½ããÃË½ãñ Ìã ãäÌã»ããØãã¶ãñ ÔããªÀ ‡ãŠñËñÊ½ãã ‚ãã‡ãŠ¡ñÌããÀãè¦ããèË ¹ãŠÀ‡ãŠ

(‚ãã‡ãŠ¡ñ ãä‡ã‹âÌã›Ë ¼ã£½ãñ)

ãä•ãÊÖã

2008-09 2009-10

ÞããÞã¥ããè ¦ã¹ããÔã¥ããè ‡ãŠñËñÊ¾ãã

‡ãŠã½ããÃË½ãã¼ã£ããèË ¶ããñâªãè¶ãìÔããÀ

ãäÌã»ããØãã‡ãŠ¡ãèË ¶ããñâªãè¶ãìÔããÀ ‚ãã‡ãŠ¡ñÌããÀãè¦ããèË ¹ãŠÀ‡ãŠ





‚ãã‡ãŠ¡ñÌããÀãè¦ããèË ¹ãŠÀ‡ãŠ

Ìãã›¹ã „ÞãË Ìãã›¹ã „ÞãË Ìãã›¹ã „ÞãË Ìãã›¹ã „ÞãË Ìãã›¹ã „ÞãË Ìãã›¹ã „ÞãË

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

(2-4) (3-5) (8-10) (9-11)

Ÿã¥ãñ 71711 40822 73366 41282 -1655 -460 86718 60574 73366 49818 13352 10756

¶ãâªìÀºããÀ 52684 2499 52684 3089 0 -590 52684 27802 52684 27799 0 3

ÔããñÊãã¹ãîÀ ØãÆã½ããè¥ã (DSO) 87966 4166 87966 4166 0 0 87966 42671 87966 37797 0 4874

ÔããñÊãã¹ãîÀ ÍãÖÀãè (FDO) 2511 2511 5022 2059 -2511 452 4754 4754 5022 2641 -268 2113

ºããè¡ 76822 39604 76822 43494 0 -3890 82407 66185 76822 61859 5585 4326

‚ã½ãÀãÌã¦ããè 66019 45935 73738 45775 -7719 160 66019 35679 73738 29569 -7719 6110

ÞãâªÆ¹ãîÀ 52818 19063 52818 19063 0 0 56224 35875 52818 32236 3406 3639

½ãìâºãƒÃ 11068 9698 11362 9696 -294 2 11362 9401 11362 8952 0 449

•ãßØããÌã 0 0 79694 35483 -79694 -35483 29646 22822 79694 55211 -50048 -32389

¹ãì¥ãñ ØãÆã½ããè¥ã (DSO) 46233 14296 47446 14304 -1213 -8 46767 25815 47482 28089 -715 -2274

¹ãì¥ãñ ÍãÖÀãè (FDO) 0 0 18908 9455 -18908 -9455 19606 12597 18908 16067 698 -3470

ãä•ãÊÖã 2010-11 2011-12

Ÿã¥ãñ 57066 51136 73366 66188 -16300 -15052 77562 69209 73366 65710 4196 3499

¶ãâªìÀºããÀ 52684 37942 52684 42080 0 -4138 52684 29150 52684 27283 0 1867

ÔããñÊãã¹ãîÀ ØãÆã½ããè¥ã (DSO) 87966 63872 87966 63672 0 200 87966 67945 87966 49923 0 18022

ÔããñÊãã¹ãîÀ ÍãÖÀãè (FDO) 5022 5022 5022 4900 0 122 5022 5022 5022 3702 0 1320

ºããè¡ 82881 76881 76822 70670 6059 6211 77399 64702 76822 61830 577 2872

‚ã½ãÀãÌã¦ããè 75627 52492 73738 52675 1889 -183 83458 69214 73738 61987 9720 7227

ÞãâªÆ¹ãîÀ 63122 47119 52818 43232 10304 3887 59618 50607 52818 46166 6800 4441

½ãìâºãƒÃ 13517 13390 11362 11235 2155 2155 11662 10462 11362 9962 300 500

•ãßØããÌã 67092 63049 79694 72654 -12602 -9605 79694 54697 79694 55207 0 -510

¹ãì¥ãñ ØãÆã½ããè¥ã (DSO) 46408 38277 47380 40629 -972 -2352 46696 38117 47864 38117 -1168 0

¹ãì¥ãñ ÍãÖÀãè (FDO) 20009 16948 18908 18908 1101 -1960 19570 11661 18908 15484 662 -3823

89

(Ô¨ããñ¦ã: ãäÌã¼ããØã Ìã ãä¶ãÌã¡‡ãŠ ‡ãŠã¾ããÃË¾ããâ¶ããè ÔããªÀ ‡ãŠñËñËãè ‚ãã‡ãŠ¡ñÌããÀãè)

¹ããäÀãäÍãÓ› 2.2.5 (Ôã½ãã¹¦ã.)

ãä•ãÊÖã

2012-13 †‡ãŠî¥ã



ãäÌã¼ããØãã‡ãŠ¡ãèË ¶ããñâªãè¶ãìÔããÀ ‚ãã‡ãŠ¡ñÌããÀãè¦ããèË ¹ãŠÀ‡ãŠ

ãäÌã»ããØãã‡ãŠ¡ãèË ‚ãã‡ãŠ¡ñÌããÀãè


‡ãŠã½ããÃË½ãã¦ããèË ‚ãã‡ãŠ¡ñÌããÀãè ¹ãñàãã

‡ãŠ¼ããè



‡ãŠã½ããÃË½ãã¦ããèË ‚ãã‡ãŠ¡ñÌããÀãè ¹ãñàãã

‚ããä£ã‡ãŠ

Ìãã›¹ã „ÞãË Ìãã›¹ã „ÞãË Ìãã›¹ã „ÞãË Ìãã›¹ã „ÞãË Ìãã›¹ã „ÞãË

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

(2-4) (3-5)

Ÿã¥ãñ 73366 65200 73366 63347 0 1853 17548 16108 17955 15512

¶ãâªìÀºããÀ 63130 45968 52684 35131 10446 10837 10446 12707 0 4728

ÔããñÊãã¹ãîÀ ØãÆã½ããè¥ã (DSO) 87966 78983 87966 63480 0 15503 0 38599 0 0

ÔããñÊãã¹ãîÀ ÍãÖÀãè (FDO) 5022 5022 5022 4228 0 794 0 4801 2779 0

ºããè¡ 80337 61188 76822 58922 3515 2266 15736 15675 0 3890

‚ã½ãÀãÌã¦ããè 80749 64137 73738 56843 7011 7294 18620 20791 15438 183

ÞãâªÆ¹ãîÀ 59521 43079 52818 39976 6703 3103 27213 15070 0 0

½ãìâºãƒÃ 11362 11362 11362 10462 0 900 2455 4006 294 0

•ãßØããÌã 79694 62170 79694 57010 0 5160 0 5160 142344 77987

¹ãì¥ãñ ØãÆã½ããè¥ã (DSO) 47864 39537 47864 39398 0 139 0 139 4068 4634

¹ãì¥ãñ ÍãÖÀãè (FDO) 18566 15325 18566 15325 0 0 2461 0 18908 18708

†‡ãŠî¥ã 94479 133056 201786 125642

90


(Ôãâª¼ãÃ : ¹ããäÀÞœñª 2.2.11 ; ¹ãðÓŸ : 48)

APL ØãÆãÖ‡ãŠãâ¶ãã ÌãÓãÃ 2009-10 ¦ãñ 2010-11 ½ãã ‡ãŠãËãÌã£ããè¦ã ÔããŒãÀñÞãñ ‡ãŠñËñËñ Ìãã›¹ã Ìã ¦½ãã¹ãõ‡ãŠãè ‡ãŠñËñËãè „ÞãË ½ããâÞ½ãã, ãä¶ãÌã¡‡ãŠ ‡ãŠã½ããÃË½ããâ¶ããè Ìã ãäÌã¼ããØãã¶ãñ ÔããªÀ ‡ãŠñËñÊ½ãã ‚ãã‡ãŠ¡ñÌããÀãè¦ããèË ¹ãŠÀ‡ãŠ

(‚ãã‡ãŠ¡ñ ãä‡ãâ‹Ìã›Ë ¼ã£½ãñ)

ãä•ãÊÖã

2009-10 2010-11 †‡ãŠî¥ã

ÞããÞã¥ããè ¦ã¹ããÔã¥ããè

‡ãŠñËñÊ½ãã ‡ãŠã½ããÃË½ãã

½ã£ããèË ¶ããñâªãè¶ãìÔããÀ





‡ãŠã½ããÃË½ãã¼ã£ããèË







‡ãŠã½ããÃË½ãã¦ããèË ‚ãã‡ãŠ¡ñÌããÀãè

¹ãñàãã ‡ãŠ¼ããè



‡ãŠã½ããÃË½ãã¦ããèË ‚ãã‡ãŠ¡ñÌããÀãè

¹ãñàãã ‚ããä£ã‡ãŠ

Ìãã›¹ã „ÞãË Ìãã›¹ã „ÞãË Ìãã›¹ã „ÞãË Ìãã›¹ã „ÞãË Ìãã›¹ã „ÞãË Ìãã›¹ã „ÞãË Ìãã›¹ã „ÞãË Ìãã›¹ã „ÞãË

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17

(2-4) (3-5) (8-10) (9-11)

Ÿã¥ãñ 58177 45007 55671 42933 2506 2074 66488 57351 74799 62109 -8311 -4758 2506 2074 8311 4758

¶ãâªìÀºããÀ 15500 9432 17415 13926 -1915 -4494 20000 10849 18250 10681 1750 168 1750 168 1915 4494

ÔããñÊãã¹ãîÀ

ØãÆã½ããè¥ã (DSO)

73794 63407 70045 55911 3749 7496 177967 78855 87967 78855 90000 0 93749 7496 0 0

ÔããñÊãã¹ãîÀ

ÍãÖÀãè (FDO)

0 0 397 0 -397 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 397 0

ºããè¡ 0 0 40016 35384 -40016 -35384 0 0 47118 37806 -47118 -37806 0 0 87134 73190

‚ã½ãÀãÌã¦ããè 23507 19132 36100 20155 -12593 -1023 46640 33691 40979 38844 5661 -5153 5661 0 12593 6176

ÞãâªÆ¹ãîÀ 25768 25768 26438 23752 -670 2016 31374 31374 33054 31374 -1680 0 0 2016 2350 0

½ãìâºãƒÃ 459865 385521 394409 326017 65456 59504 543148 531222 542487 531223 661 -1 66117 59504 0 1

•ãßØããÌã 70958 60303 65221 55915 5737 4388 82987 92381 83100 73219 -113 19162 5737 23550 113 0

¹ãì¥ãñ ØãÆã½ããè¥ã

(DSO)

0 0 179161 169953 -179161 -169953 0 0 260465 245286 -260465 -245286 0 0 439626 415239

¹ãì¥ãñ ÍãÖÀãè

(FDO)

115915 115915 1495 1495 114420 114420 163398 163398 18530 14191 144868 149207 259288 263627 0 0

†‡ãŠî¥ã 434808 358435 552439 503858

(Ô¨ããñ¦ã: ãäÌã¼ããØã Ìã ãä¶ãÌã¡‡ãŠ ‡ãŠã¾ããÃË¾ããâ¶ããè ÔããªÀ ‡ãŠñËñËãè ‚ãã‡ãŠ¡ñÌããÀãè)

91


(Ôãâª¼ãÃ : ¹ããäÀÞœñª : 2.2.12; ¹ãðÓŸ :51)

†ãä¹ãÆË 2008 ¦ãñ ¼ããÞãÃ 2013 ¹ã½ãÃâ¦ã Àãù‡ãŠñËÞããè ¼ããØã¥ããè ‚ãããä¥ã Ìãã›¹ã

(Ëàã ãä‡ãŠËãñ Ëãè›À ¼ã£½ãñ)

‚ã. ‡ãÆŠ. ãä•ãÊÖãÞãñ ¶ããÌã ½ããØã¥ããè Ìãã›¹ã Ìãã›¹ããÞããè ›‡ã‹‡ãŠñÌããÀãè

1 Ÿã¥ãñ 3.50 2.11 60.29

2 Àã¾ãØã¡ 2.65 1.70 64.15

3 À¦¶ãããäØãÀãè 1.72 0.98 56.98

4 ãäÔãâ£ãìªìØãÃ 0.97 0.60 61.86

5 ¶ãããäÍã‡ãŠ 5.19 3.41 65.70

6 £ãìßñ 2.21 1.59 71.95

7 ¶ãâªîÀºããÀ 1.44 0.80 55.56

8 •ãßØããÌã 3.23 2.05 63.47

9 ‚ãÖ½ãª¶ãØãÀ 4.41 2.78 63.04

10 ¹ãì¥ãñ 10.94 5.56 50.82

11 Ôãã¦ããÀã 2.63 1.71 65.02

12 ÔããâØãÊããè 2.87 1.88 65.50

13 ÔããñÊãã¹ãîÀ 4.91 2.74 55.80

14 ‡ãŠãñÊÖã¹ãîÀ 3.48 1.84 52.87

15 ‚ããõÀâØããºããª 3.74 2.59 69.25

16 •ããÊã¶ãã 2.07 1.30 62.80

17 ¹ãÀ¼ã¥ããè 1.93 1.24 64.25

18 ãäÖâØããñÊããè 1.54 0.89 57.79

19 ºããè¡ 3.39 2.05 60.47

20 „Ô½ãã¶ããºããª 2.07 1.44 69.57

21 ¶ããâªñ¡ 2.75 1.88 68.36

22 Êãã¦ãîÀ 2.55 1.77 69.41

23 ºãìÊã¤ã¥ãã 2.06 1.53 74.27

24 ‚ã‡ãŠãñÊãã 1.32 0.82 62.12

25 ÌãããäÍã½ã 1.11 0.72 64.86

26 ‚ã½ãÀãÌã¦ããè 3.12 1.69 54.17

27 ¾ãÌã¦ã½ããß 2.14 1.66 77.57

28 Ìã£ããÃ 1.14 0.84 73.68

29 ¶ããØã¹ãîÀ 5.08 3.19 62.80

30 ¼ãâ¡ãÀã 1.24 0.79 63.71

31 Øããñâãäª¾ãã 1.48 0.88 59.46

32 ÞãâªÆ¹ãîÀ 1.91 1.18 61.78

33 Øã¡ãäÞãÀãñÊããè 1.07 0.59 55.14

34

½ãìâºãƒÃ Ÿã¥ãñ ãäÎã£ããÌãã›¹ã

àãñ¨ã 21.78 13.70 62.90

†‡ãŠî¥ã 113.64 70.50 62.04

Ô¨ããñ¦ã: ãäÌã¼ããØãã‡ãŠ¡î¶ã ãä½ãßãËñËãè ½ãããäÖ¦ããè


92


(Ôãâª¼ãÃ : ¹ããäÀÞœñª 3.1.2; ¹ãðÓŸ: 66)

•ããªã ŒãÞãÃ ªÍãÃãäÌã¥ããÀñ ãäÌãÌãÀ¥ã

‚ã¶ãì

‡ãÆŠ.

ºããºããèâÞãñ Ìã¥ãÃ¶ã ãä¶ããäÌãªñÞãã ªÀ

(¹ãÆãä¦ã Üã.½ããè.) ãä¶ããäÌãªñÞããè

›‡ã‹‡ãŠñÌããÀãè

4.91% ‚ããä£ã‡ãŠ

`

†‡ãŠî¥ã

(3+4)

`

10 % Ìãã¤ãèÌã


`

†‡ãŠî¥ã

(5+6)

`

Œãâ¡ 38 Þãã

ªÀ

¹ãÆãä¦ã Üã.½ããè.

`

ªÀã¦ããèÊã ¹ãŠÀ‡ãŠ

¹ãÆãä¦ã Üã.½ããè.

(8-7)

`

ãä¶ããäÌãªñÞ¾ãã

¹ããäÀ½ãã¥ãã¹ãñàãã

125 % ‚ããä£ã‡ãŠ

¹ããäÀ½ãã¥ã Üã.½ããè.

`

•ããªã ŒãÞãÃ

(10x9)

`

¦ãñÀãÌ½ãã ÞããÊãî ÊãñŒãã ªñ½ã‡ãŠã¹ã½ãÃâ¦ã ¹ãÆªã¶ã

‡ãŠñÊãñÊããè •ããªã ãä‡ãŠâ¼ã¦ã

ãä¶ãÓ¹ãããäª¦ã

¹ããäÀ½ãã¥ã

(Üã.½ããè. ½ã£¾ãñ)

‚ãã£ããèÞã ¹ãÆªã¶ã

‡ãŠñÊãñÊãñ

(12x9)

` 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

1. Øãã¼¾ããÞãñ ½ãã¦ããè‡ãŠã½ã 236.05 11.59 247.64 24.76 272.40 327.35 54.95 68,908 37,86,494.60 47,511 26,10,729.45

2. ‚ããÌãÀ¥ã àãñ¨ã 110.05 5.40 115.45 11.55 127.00 227.70 100.70 73,761 74,27,732.70 59,124 59,53,786.80

3. ½ã„Š Œã¡‡ãŠ ƒ¦¾ãããäª½ã£¾ãñ

Œããñª‡ãŠã½ã

39.05 1.92 40.97 4.10 45.07 61.15 16.08 41,278 6,63,750.24 18,068 2,90,533.44

4. ‡ãŠãÊãÌ¾ããÞ¾ãã Œããñª‡ãŠã½ã ‚ã©ãÌãã

‚ããä¦ããäÀ‡ã‹¦ã Œããñª ªÆÌ¾ã

ƒ¦¾ããªãèâ¦ãî¶ã ãä¶ãÜããÊãñÊ¾ãã

ãä¶ãÌã¡‡ãŠ ÔãããäÖ¦¾ããÞãã „¹ã¾ããñØã

58.70 2.88 61.58 6.16 67.74 125.85 58.11 9,089 5,28,161.79 -- --

†‡ãŠî¥ã 1,24,06,139.33 88,55,049.69

93

¹ããäÀãäÍãÓŸ 3.2


•ããªã ŒãÞãÃ ªÍãÃãäÌã¥ããÀñ ãäÌãÌãÀ¥ã

‚ã¶ãì.

‡ãÆŠ.

‡ãŠã¼ããÞãñ ¶ããÌã ‡ãŠã¼ããÞããè ºããºã

¹ãÆ¦¾ãàã ãä¶ãÓ¹ãããäª¦ã

¹ããäÀ½ãã¥ã

(Üã.½ããè.)

ªì½½ã¼ã Ô¹ãŠãñ›ãÞãñ ¹ãÆãä¦ã

Üã.½ããè. ªÀ (`)

•ããªã ŒãÞãÃ

(`)

1. ƒÃÔãã¹ãîÀ „•ãÌãã ‡ãŠãÊãÌãã ¾ãñ©ããèÊã ãä¦ãÀ‡ãŠÔã-Ìãã¡ãè

ÍããŒãã ‡ãŠãÊãÌ¾ããÞ¾ãã ãä‡ãŠ.½ããè. 18.50 ¦ãñ 36.00

Þãñ „ÌãÃãäÀ¦ã ½ãã¦ããè‡ãŠã½ã Ìã ‚ãÔ¦ãÀãè‡ãŠÀ¥ããÞãñ

‡ãŠã½ã

ãä¶ã¾ãâãä¨ã¦ã Ô¹ãŠãñ›ã´ãÀñ

‡ãŠŸãè¥ã Œã¡‡ãŠã¦ã

„¦Œã¶ã¶ã

26,196.17

(‡ãŠãñÀ¡¿ãã ãäÔ©ã¦ããè¦ã)

146.70 38,42,978.14

†‡ãŠî¥ã 38,42,978.14

94


audit - accountant general - maharashtraagmaha.nic.in/report05.pdfthis chapter, in addition to...

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