august 21- 23, 2018 • cleveland, ohio · cooling tower water management best practices ... •...
TRANSCRIPT
A U G U S T 2 1 - 2 3 2 0 1 8 bull C L E V E L A N D O H I O
Cooling Tower Water Management Best Practices
Introductions Cooling tower water treatment overviewAlternative water treatment field test results
bull Alternative chemical treatmentsbull Water softenersbull Advanced oxidation processbull Electrolysis
Discussion
HVAC Research Team Call September 6 2018 1-2 ET Field Test Results of New HVAC Technologies
bull High performance circulator pumps bull Air scrubber technology that removes CO2 and VOCsbull high-performance variable speed screw chillers
Registration at httpsattendeegotowebinarcomregister775157188383295745
Cooling Tower Basics
Evaporation removes about 1000 Btulb of water Evaporation rate ~ 18 galton-hr (varies with
conditions and load) Evaporation leads to concentration of minerals and
chemicals Control scale corrosion and biological growth with
water treatment (usually chemicals) and blowdown
Credit Michael Deru NREL
Balancing Cooling Tower Water Quality
Scale
Corrosion Biological Growth
ScaleBad Reduce heat transfer plug orifices sites for corrosion or bacteria growthGood Small amounts can reduce corrosionControl Scale inhibitors remove minerals balanced chemistry blowdown
CorrosionBad Corrosion sites for biological growthGood NoneControl Corrosion inhibitors balanced chemistry
Biological GrowthBad Potential health hazard reduce heat transfer plug orifices biocorrosion sites for corrosion or scaleGood NoneControl Biocides balanced chemistry reduce light blowdown
Challenging to maintain balanced
water chemistry
Cooling Tower Cycles of Concentration
Cycle of Concentration (CoC) ndashRatio of concentration in dissolved solids blowdown vs makeup water Typical CoC ndash 25 to 7At a CoC of 3 around 33 of
cooling tower water make up is wasted as blowdown
Realize lions share of savings from CoC of 3 to CoC of 10 savings level off after CoC of 15
Corrosion vs Scale
Analyzed 2-15 years of data from 8 CTs Most CTs maintained in a
moderate to high scale condition Ryznar and Langelier
Saturation indices predict the balance between scale and corrosion potentials
Ideal range
Genetic Biological Sampling Tested 9 towers in Denver CO area Significant growth in 8 towersNo negative health concernsNo Legionella Bio-corrosion bacteria in 7 towers
Unique Bacteria Genus
Sites Containing Genus
Acinetobacter 2Aeromonas 4Alishewanella 1Arthrobacter 2Bacillus 4Chryseobacgerium 3Delftia 1Flavobacterium 2Halomonas 1Pseudomonas 7Rheinheimera 3Shewanella 3Stenotrophomonas 2
Technology Testing Programs
Department of Energy High Impact Technology (HIT) Catalystbull 14 technology tests available with several more coming
General Services Administration GSA Proving Grounds (GPG)bull 34 reports 23 technologies 14 technologies deployed
Department of Defense Environmental Security Technology Certification Program (ESTCP)
bull Many technologies
NREL | 10
Emerging Technology Framework
Reference httpswwwgsagovgovernmentwide-initiativessustainabilityemerging-building-technologiesabout-gsarsquos-proving-ground-gpg
NREL | 11
GSA Green Proving Ground Objectives
Identify promising technologies at the edge of commercialization
Pilot technology installations within GSArsquos real estate portfolio
Recommend technologies with broad deployment potential for GSA
Partner with Department of Energy national laboratories to objectively evaluate real-world performance
Reference httpswwwgsagovgovernmentwide-initiativessustainabilityemerging-building-technologiesabout-gsarsquos-proving-ground-gpg
NREL | 12
Communicating MampV Outcomes from GSA Test Beds
Technical report 4-page Findings Infographic Webinar Series
Reference httpswwwgsagovgovernmentwide-initiativessustainabilityemerging-building-technologiesabout-gsarsquos-proving-ground-gpg
NREL | 13
Technologies Tested by GPG with Published Results
Variable-Speed Maglev Chiller
Variable-speed Direct-drive Screw
Chiller
LED Fixtures with Integrated Controls
High-R Window Panel Retrofits
Occupant Responsive Lighting
Condensing Boilers Photovoltaics
PV GuidanceThermochromic amp
Electrochromic Windows
Integrated Daylighting Systems
Photovoltaic-Thermal System
Vacuum Insulated Panels for Roofing
Wood-Pellet-Fired Biomass
BoilerSolar Control Films
Weather Station for Irrigation Control
Non-Chemical Prevention of Hard
Water Scale
Wireless Advanced Lighting Controls
Electrochromic (EC) Windows for LPOEs
Honeycomb Solar Thermal
Collector
Control Optimization
System for Chiller Plants
EC Windows with Dynamic Controls for
General Office Space
Synchronous amp Cogged Fan Belts
Multi-staged Indirect
Evaporative Cooler
Wireless Pneumatic
Thermostats
Advanced Power Strips
Wireless Sensor Networks
Socially Driven HVAC Optimization
Variable Refrigerant Flow
Smart Ceiling Fans
Wireless Soil Moisture Sensors
for Irrigation Control
Broad Deployment Potential for GSA
LED Downlight Lamps for CFL
Fixtures
Linear LED Lighting Retrofits
Low-e Window Films
Building Envelope
HVAC Lighting Energy Management
Water On-Site Renewables
NREL | 14
General AWT MampV Framework
Typical MampV Pointsbull Condenser water supply and return
temperatures (degF)bull Condenser water pump status
(ONOFF) bull Cooling tower fan status (ONOFF)bull Chiller water supply and return
temperatures (degF)bull Chiller status (ONOFF) bull Outdoor air temperature (degF) and
humidity ()bull Cooling Tower Make Up Water meter
(Gal)bull Blowdown Water Meter (Gal)bull Chiller Plant Electrical Meter (kWh)
Primary Objective Measure cooling tower water savings measured in galton-hr
Conceptual model of the AWTs (Credit Joelynn Schroeder NREL)
NREL | 15
GSA Required Cooling Tower Water Quality
bull Water quality was tracked on monthly basis to ensure compliance with GSA Acceptable Ranges
bull Additional biological testing was conducted by NREL
Test Acceptable Ranges
T alkalinity (ppm) 100 - 1000pH 73 ndash 90
Chloride (ppm) 10 - 500Cycles gt2
Total Hardness (ppm) 500 - 1500Phosphate (ppm) 43327
Conductivity (mmHos) lt2400Bacteria Count (cfu) lt80000Water Appearance Clear
Iron (ppm) lt4Calcium Hardness (ppm) lt500
Magnesium Hardness (ppm) lt100Chlorides (ppm) lt250
Salt (ppm) lt410Sulfates (ppm) lt250
Silica (ppm) lt150ORP (mV) gt300
90-day Copper Coupon (mpy) lt0290-day Mild Steel Coupon (mpy) lt390-day Galvanized Steel (mpy) lt4
90-day Stainless Steel (mpy) lt01
NREL | 16
AWT 1 Technology Description
Terlyn Water Treatmentbull Uses a very strong scale
inhibitor new PLC controller side stream crushed glass media filter
bull Controller set 13-18 CoCrsquos based on TDS
bull Filter is backwashed for 30 seconds once a day using 300 gallonsday
Representative diagram of system design for Building 67 (Credit Joelynn Schroeder NREL)
Manufacturer Reference httpwwwterlyncom
NREL | 17
AWT 1 Facility Description
Building Locationbull Denver Federal Centerbull Building 67
Building Factsbull 342722 ft2 Office buildingbull 1200 occupants
Cooling Systembull (1) 900-ton chiller (1) 450-ton chillerbull (2) 600-ton cooling towersbull (1) flat plat heat-exchanger
NREL | 18
AWT 1 Water Savings and Water Quality
Water Savings bull Measured CoC ranged from 13-18bull Measured 94 reduction in blowdown
Water Qualitybull Realized significant reduction in scaling
ndash Increased run time of tower free cooling 6 F reduction in set point
bull Observational improvements in water qualitybull Conductivity (microsiemens) Control Range lt2400 maintained =
2540 - 7000 (5 - 290 outside range)
NREL | 19
AWT 1 Economics
bull Installed costs higher than normal due to Fed Gov added factors and side stream filtration
bull OampM costs increased due to increased scaling chemical costs and side stream filtration OampM
bull Local rebates would have offset ~50 of installed cost if Fed Center was not on one master water meter
Economic Parameter
Building 67 (AWT 2) at Local Water
Rate $714kGal
Building 67 (AWT 2) at
GSA Avg Water Rate $1676kGal
Initial Cost ($) $39900 $39900 Cooling Tower Size (tons) 1200 1200Water Savings (Galyr) 824448 824448Water and Sewer Cost Savings ($yr) $5887 $13818 Annual Increase in OampM ($yr) $3300 $3300 Simple Payback with OampM (yrs) 154 38Savings to Investment Ratio 13 53
NREL | 20
AWT 2 Technology Description
Water Conservation Technology International bull Salt based water softening
system to remove hardnessndash Polyethylene regeneration
tank and brine tankbull No need for corrosion or scale
inhibitor very little biocidebull Regeneration uses 70 gallons 2-
3 timesweek in summer 1 timeweek spring fall
Representative diagram of system layout for Building 25 (Credit Joelynn Schroeder NREL)
Manufacturer Reference httpswwwwater-cticomtechnologyhtml
NREL | 21
AWT 2 Facility Description
Building Locationbull Denver Federal Centerbull Building 25
Building Factsbull 360797 square feet ft2 office lab buildingbull 425 occupants
Cooling Systembull (2) 500-ton chillersbull (3) 500-ton cooling towersbull (1) flat plate heat-exchange
AWT 2 Regeneration and Brine Tank
AWT 2 Controller
NREL | 22
AWT 2 Water Savings and Water Quality
Water Savings bull Measured CoC ranged from 12-80bull Measured 99 reduction in blowdown
Water Qualitybull Realized significant reduction in OampMbull Increased run time of tower free coolingbull Observational improvements in water qualitybull Conductivity (microsiemens) Control range
lt2400 maintained = 8700 - 20000 (300 -800 outside range)
bull pH value Control range = 73ndash90 maintained = 96ndash102 (up to 13 outside range)
bull ldquoMrdquo Alkalinity (as CaCO3) Control range = 100ndash1000 ppm maintained = 1680 ndash 3004 (68 - 300 outside range)
Month 2012 2013Jan 5497 8830Feb 13421 6491Mar 3830 7836Apr 21667 18275May 25117 26930Jun 50585 40409Jul 73187 76667
Aug 62193 82485Sep 48304 73088Oct 35643 59251Nov 15175 26608Dec 12018 8830
Totals 366637 435702
Monthly Water Savings
NREL | 23
AWT 2 Economics
bull Installed costs higher than normal due to Fed Gov added factors and side stream filtration
bull OampM costs decreased due to reduce chemical usage staff time
bull Local rebates would have offset ~50 of installed cost if Fed Center was not on one master water meter
Economic Parameter
Building 25 (AWT 1) at Local Water
Rate $714kGal
Building 25 (AWT 1) at
GSA Avg Water Rate $1676kGal
Initial Cost ($) $29600 $29600 Cooling Tower Size (tons) 1500 1500Water Savings (Galyr) 401170 401170Water and Sewer Cost Savings ($yr) $2864 $6724
Annual Increase in OampM ($yr) ($2768) ($2768)Simple Payback with OampM (yrs) 53 31Savings to Investment Ratio 38 65
NREL | 24
Additional AWT 1 and 2 Deployments
Denver Federal Center Facility
AWT System Date Installed
Cooling Tower
Size (Tons)
Installed Cost ($)
Annual Water
Savings (Galyr)
Annual Water
Savings ($)
Annual Increas
e in OampM ($yr)
Total Annual
Cost Savings ($yr)
Simple Payback
(yrs)
Bldg20 AWT Technology 1 Nov-16 600 $31057 718597 $5131 ($2768
) $7899 39
Bldg41 AWT Technology 1 Jan-17 1000 $36976 180992
1 $12923 ($2768)
$15691 24
Bldg 85 AWT Technology 2 Jan-14 500 $8756 62450 $446 $1000 ($554) -158
Bldg56 AWT Technology 2 Jan-15 1000 $28557 661160 $4721 $2200 $2521 113
Bldg 810 AWT Technology 2 Jun-14 2 x 500 $31047 113145
0 $8079 $3300 $4779 65
Bldg810 USDA
AWT Technology 2 Mar-16 3 x 500 $31047 104800
0 $7483 $3300 $4183 74
NREL | 25
AWT 3 Technology Description
Silverbulletbull Uses a combination of ozone (O3)
hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) andor UV lights to generate highly reactive hydroxyl (OHbull) and oxygen free radicals
bull Air tube is ran into cooling tower basin and pumps AOP treated air into cooling tower basin
bull Elimination of scale inhibitor corrosion inhibitor potential elimination of biocide
Silver Bullet Interior Cabinet
Manufacturer Reference httpwwwsilverbulletcorpcomcommercial-cooling
NREL | 26
AWT 3 Facility Description
Building Locationbull Denver Federal Centerbull Building 95
Building Factsbull 163206 ft2 two-story bull Office laboratory building
Cooling Systembull (2) 250-ton water-cooled centrifugal
chillers bull (2) induced draft cooling tower
Silver Bullet Interior Cabinet
NREL | 27
AWT 3 Performance Objectives
Quantitative Objectives
Success Criteria Metrics amp Data MampV Results
Water Savingsgt10 reduction in cooling tower water makeup (galton-hr)
- Cooling tower makeup water- Chiller plant energy usage- Outside air conditions
Met Annual water savings 227 to 297
Reduction in Chemical Costs
gt90 reduction in annual chemical costs
-Pre- and post- annual chemical costs
Met Elimination of all chemicals other than biocides
Water ChemistryMeets or exceeds GSA cooling tower water chemistry requirements
- Pre- and post- water chemistry reports
Met GSA water chemistry requirements
Cost EffectivenessSimple payback Savings to Investment ratio (SIR)
- Payback lt 10 years SIRgt 1Met SPP of 34 yrs SIR of 6
Qualitative Objectives
Success Criteria Metrics amp Data MampV Results
Ease of Installation
Less than 2-day installation time
Labor hours to install technology
Met Less than 1 day to install
NREL | 28
AWT Regression Modeling
Baseline Daily Cooling Tower Makeup Water Regression
119862119862119862119862119862119862119862119862119862119862119862119862119862119862 119879119879119862119862119879119879119879119879119879119879 119872119872119872119872119872119872119879119879119872119872119872119872 119882119882119872119872119882119882119879119879119879119879= 1198881198880 + 1198881198881 119882119882119882119882119882119882_119882119882119882119882119882119882119882119882 + 1198881198882 119862119862119862119862119862119862119879119879119879119879119862119862119862119862 + 1198881198883 119862119862119882119882119879119879119879119879119872119872119862119862119862119862119862119862119882119882+ 1198881198884 1198621198621198621198621198621198621198791198791198791198791198621198621198621198622 + 1198881198885 119862119862119862119862119862119862119879119879119879119879119862119862119862119862 119862119862119882119882119879119879119879119879119872119872119862119862119862119862119862119862119882119882
NREL | 29
AWT 3 Water Savings and Water Quality
Water Savings bull Measured CoC ranged from 51-144bull Measured 263 reduction in
makeup water (blowdown not measured)
Water Qualitybull Realized reduction in chiller
condenser tube foulingbull Elimination of scaling corrosion
inhibitor uses small amount of biocide
bull ORP of 194 GSA range gt 300
Month
2017 Cooling Tower
Makeup (GalMon)
2014 Weather
Normalized Baseline
Water (GalMon)
1-Jan 928 01-Feb 15042 183011-Mar 46706 545561-Apr 52254 663501-May 54904 1075431-Jun 282322 3754191-Jul 398206 506684
1-Aug 298039 4451161-Sep 190375 2757491-Oct 61146 1086231-Nov 35554 449301-Dec 40005 0
Totals 1475482 2003273
NREL | 30
AWT 3 Economics
bull Installed costs higher than normal due to Fed Gov added factors and side stream filtration
bull OampM costs decreased due to reduce chemical usage staff time
bull Local rebates would have offset ~50 of installed cost if Fed Center was not on one master water meter
BaselineTested
Technology (After)1
Difference w Local
Sewer+Water Rate
($714kGal)
Difference w GSA Avg Water Rate
$1676kGal(Before)
Installation3 NA $21125 $21125 $21125 Annual Maintenance $5855yr $3333yr $2522yr $2522yr
Annual Water Consumption (Gallonsyr)
2003273 1475482 527791 527791
Annual Water Costs$14303 $10535 $3768 $8846($yr)
Simple Payback yrs 34 19Savings-to-
Investment RatioInteger value between 0
and 10060 108
NREL | 31
AWT 3 Energy Modeling
bull Energy Plus Commercial Building Reference Modelbull Post 1980 construction Large office building
498588 ft2
bull Modeled 3 CoC baseline 10 CoC 15 CoC
NREL | 32
AWT 3 Energy Modeling
bull Modeled water rates for each citybull Water rates vary significantly by city cities with
highest rates had highest savings
NREL | 33
AWT 3 Energy Modeling
bull Calculated SIR per location as a function of water rate (SIRgt1)
bull Used for high cost case of $25000
bull Does not include OampM cost savings
NREL | 34
AWT4 Technology Description
Scale controlElectro-catalytic process accelerates scale formation in the reactorsScale is easily removed from reactors
Expected Performancebull Blowdown water (and sewer) savings of 25-95 (CoC 30 or more)bull Elimination of chemicalsbull Energy savings ndash depending on the amount of scale in the baseline case
Corrosion controlMaintains balanced pH and mineral content to minimize corrosion
Biological Growth controlForms HOCl and Cl2 from the chlorides in the water for biocides
Dynamic Water Technologies amp Universal Environmental Technologiesbull Chemical free electrolysis
UET reactor skid
NREL | 35
AWT 4 Facility Description
Test site 1bull 240000 ft2 federal office building Savannah GAbull 2 250-ton chillers and 2 cooling towersbull 1 UET reactor skidbull Test period June ndash October 2017
Test site 2bull 530000 ft2 office building Los Angeles CAbull 2 800-ton and 2-500 ton chillers and 4 cooling towersbull 2 UET reactor skidsbull Test period June ndash October 2018 (ongoing)
NREL | 36
AWT 4 Water Savings and Water Quality
Water Savings bull Measured CoC gt 30bull Measured 98 reduction in
blowdownbull gt 1 million gal saved annually
Water Qualitybull No measured reduction in scaling bull Noticeable reduction in biological
growth and cleaning requirementsbull Observational improvements in
water qualitybull DWT maintains a high conductivity
setting (6000)
Scale removal from reactor cores
NREL | 37
AWT 4 Test Site 1 Results
Economic ParameterLocal Water
Rate $664kGal
GSA Avg Water Rate $1676kGal
Initial Cost ($) $59369 $59369 Cooling Tower Size (tons) 500 500Water Savings (Galyr) 1003300 1003300Water and Sewer Cost Savings ($yr) $6662 $16816 Annual Increase in OampM ($yr) ($720) ($720) Simple Payback with OampM (yrs) 10 37Savings to Investment Ratio 20 54
bull Installed costs higher than normal due to tech demo costs and Fed Gov added factors
bull Revised cost used in analysis
bull OampM costs increased slightly with annual service contract
NREL | 38
AWT4 Test Site 2 Results
bull Baseline period completebull DWT-UET system start up on 792018bull Expected testing through October 2018
Questions
michaelderunrelgov
jessedeannrelgov
Thank You
- Slide Number 1
- Cooling Tower Water Management Best Practices
- HVAC Research Team Call
- Cooling Tower Basics
- Balancing Cooling Tower Water Quality
- Cooling Tower Cycles of Concentration
- Corrosion vs Scale
- Genetic Biological Sampling
- Technology Testing Programs
- Emerging Technology Framework
- GSA Green Proving Ground Objectives
- Communicating MampV Outcomes from GSA Test Beds
- Technologies Tested by GPG with Published Results
- General AWT MampV Framework
- GSA Required Cooling Tower Water Quality
- AWT 1 Technology Description
- AWT 1 Facility Description
- AWT 1 Water Savings and Water Quality
- AWT 1 Economics
- AWT 2 Technology Description
- AWT 2 Facility Description
- AWT 2 Water Savings and Water Quality
- AWT 2 Economics
- Additional AWT 1 and 2 Deployments
- AWT 3 Technology Description
- AWT 3 Facility Description
- AWT 3 Performance Objectives
- AWT Regression Modeling
- AWT 3 Water Savings and Water Quality
- AWT 3 Economics
- AWT 3 Energy Modeling
- AWT 3 Energy Modeling
- AWT 3 Energy Modeling
- AWT4 Technology Description
- AWT 4 Facility Description
- AWT 4 Water Savings and Water Quality
- AWT 4 Test Site 1 Results
- AWT4 Test Site 2 Results
- Questions
- Thank You
-
Cooling Tower Water Management Best Practices
Introductions Cooling tower water treatment overviewAlternative water treatment field test results
bull Alternative chemical treatmentsbull Water softenersbull Advanced oxidation processbull Electrolysis
Discussion
HVAC Research Team Call September 6 2018 1-2 ET Field Test Results of New HVAC Technologies
bull High performance circulator pumps bull Air scrubber technology that removes CO2 and VOCsbull high-performance variable speed screw chillers
Registration at httpsattendeegotowebinarcomregister775157188383295745
Cooling Tower Basics
Evaporation removes about 1000 Btulb of water Evaporation rate ~ 18 galton-hr (varies with
conditions and load) Evaporation leads to concentration of minerals and
chemicals Control scale corrosion and biological growth with
water treatment (usually chemicals) and blowdown
Credit Michael Deru NREL
Balancing Cooling Tower Water Quality
Scale
Corrosion Biological Growth
ScaleBad Reduce heat transfer plug orifices sites for corrosion or bacteria growthGood Small amounts can reduce corrosionControl Scale inhibitors remove minerals balanced chemistry blowdown
CorrosionBad Corrosion sites for biological growthGood NoneControl Corrosion inhibitors balanced chemistry
Biological GrowthBad Potential health hazard reduce heat transfer plug orifices biocorrosion sites for corrosion or scaleGood NoneControl Biocides balanced chemistry reduce light blowdown
Challenging to maintain balanced
water chemistry
Cooling Tower Cycles of Concentration
Cycle of Concentration (CoC) ndashRatio of concentration in dissolved solids blowdown vs makeup water Typical CoC ndash 25 to 7At a CoC of 3 around 33 of
cooling tower water make up is wasted as blowdown
Realize lions share of savings from CoC of 3 to CoC of 10 savings level off after CoC of 15
Corrosion vs Scale
Analyzed 2-15 years of data from 8 CTs Most CTs maintained in a
moderate to high scale condition Ryznar and Langelier
Saturation indices predict the balance between scale and corrosion potentials
Ideal range
Genetic Biological Sampling Tested 9 towers in Denver CO area Significant growth in 8 towersNo negative health concernsNo Legionella Bio-corrosion bacteria in 7 towers
Unique Bacteria Genus
Sites Containing Genus
Acinetobacter 2Aeromonas 4Alishewanella 1Arthrobacter 2Bacillus 4Chryseobacgerium 3Delftia 1Flavobacterium 2Halomonas 1Pseudomonas 7Rheinheimera 3Shewanella 3Stenotrophomonas 2
Technology Testing Programs
Department of Energy High Impact Technology (HIT) Catalystbull 14 technology tests available with several more coming
General Services Administration GSA Proving Grounds (GPG)bull 34 reports 23 technologies 14 technologies deployed
Department of Defense Environmental Security Technology Certification Program (ESTCP)
bull Many technologies
NREL | 10
Emerging Technology Framework
Reference httpswwwgsagovgovernmentwide-initiativessustainabilityemerging-building-technologiesabout-gsarsquos-proving-ground-gpg
NREL | 11
GSA Green Proving Ground Objectives
Identify promising technologies at the edge of commercialization
Pilot technology installations within GSArsquos real estate portfolio
Recommend technologies with broad deployment potential for GSA
Partner with Department of Energy national laboratories to objectively evaluate real-world performance
Reference httpswwwgsagovgovernmentwide-initiativessustainabilityemerging-building-technologiesabout-gsarsquos-proving-ground-gpg
NREL | 12
Communicating MampV Outcomes from GSA Test Beds
Technical report 4-page Findings Infographic Webinar Series
Reference httpswwwgsagovgovernmentwide-initiativessustainabilityemerging-building-technologiesabout-gsarsquos-proving-ground-gpg
NREL | 13
Technologies Tested by GPG with Published Results
Variable-Speed Maglev Chiller
Variable-speed Direct-drive Screw
Chiller
LED Fixtures with Integrated Controls
High-R Window Panel Retrofits
Occupant Responsive Lighting
Condensing Boilers Photovoltaics
PV GuidanceThermochromic amp
Electrochromic Windows
Integrated Daylighting Systems
Photovoltaic-Thermal System
Vacuum Insulated Panels for Roofing
Wood-Pellet-Fired Biomass
BoilerSolar Control Films
Weather Station for Irrigation Control
Non-Chemical Prevention of Hard
Water Scale
Wireless Advanced Lighting Controls
Electrochromic (EC) Windows for LPOEs
Honeycomb Solar Thermal
Collector
Control Optimization
System for Chiller Plants
EC Windows with Dynamic Controls for
General Office Space
Synchronous amp Cogged Fan Belts
Multi-staged Indirect
Evaporative Cooler
Wireless Pneumatic
Thermostats
Advanced Power Strips
Wireless Sensor Networks
Socially Driven HVAC Optimization
Variable Refrigerant Flow
Smart Ceiling Fans
Wireless Soil Moisture Sensors
for Irrigation Control
Broad Deployment Potential for GSA
LED Downlight Lamps for CFL
Fixtures
Linear LED Lighting Retrofits
Low-e Window Films
Building Envelope
HVAC Lighting Energy Management
Water On-Site Renewables
NREL | 14
General AWT MampV Framework
Typical MampV Pointsbull Condenser water supply and return
temperatures (degF)bull Condenser water pump status
(ONOFF) bull Cooling tower fan status (ONOFF)bull Chiller water supply and return
temperatures (degF)bull Chiller status (ONOFF) bull Outdoor air temperature (degF) and
humidity ()bull Cooling Tower Make Up Water meter
(Gal)bull Blowdown Water Meter (Gal)bull Chiller Plant Electrical Meter (kWh)
Primary Objective Measure cooling tower water savings measured in galton-hr
Conceptual model of the AWTs (Credit Joelynn Schroeder NREL)
NREL | 15
GSA Required Cooling Tower Water Quality
bull Water quality was tracked on monthly basis to ensure compliance with GSA Acceptable Ranges
bull Additional biological testing was conducted by NREL
Test Acceptable Ranges
T alkalinity (ppm) 100 - 1000pH 73 ndash 90
Chloride (ppm) 10 - 500Cycles gt2
Total Hardness (ppm) 500 - 1500Phosphate (ppm) 43327
Conductivity (mmHos) lt2400Bacteria Count (cfu) lt80000Water Appearance Clear
Iron (ppm) lt4Calcium Hardness (ppm) lt500
Magnesium Hardness (ppm) lt100Chlorides (ppm) lt250
Salt (ppm) lt410Sulfates (ppm) lt250
Silica (ppm) lt150ORP (mV) gt300
90-day Copper Coupon (mpy) lt0290-day Mild Steel Coupon (mpy) lt390-day Galvanized Steel (mpy) lt4
90-day Stainless Steel (mpy) lt01
NREL | 16
AWT 1 Technology Description
Terlyn Water Treatmentbull Uses a very strong scale
inhibitor new PLC controller side stream crushed glass media filter
bull Controller set 13-18 CoCrsquos based on TDS
bull Filter is backwashed for 30 seconds once a day using 300 gallonsday
Representative diagram of system design for Building 67 (Credit Joelynn Schroeder NREL)
Manufacturer Reference httpwwwterlyncom
NREL | 17
AWT 1 Facility Description
Building Locationbull Denver Federal Centerbull Building 67
Building Factsbull 342722 ft2 Office buildingbull 1200 occupants
Cooling Systembull (1) 900-ton chiller (1) 450-ton chillerbull (2) 600-ton cooling towersbull (1) flat plat heat-exchanger
NREL | 18
AWT 1 Water Savings and Water Quality
Water Savings bull Measured CoC ranged from 13-18bull Measured 94 reduction in blowdown
Water Qualitybull Realized significant reduction in scaling
ndash Increased run time of tower free cooling 6 F reduction in set point
bull Observational improvements in water qualitybull Conductivity (microsiemens) Control Range lt2400 maintained =
2540 - 7000 (5 - 290 outside range)
NREL | 19
AWT 1 Economics
bull Installed costs higher than normal due to Fed Gov added factors and side stream filtration
bull OampM costs increased due to increased scaling chemical costs and side stream filtration OampM
bull Local rebates would have offset ~50 of installed cost if Fed Center was not on one master water meter
Economic Parameter
Building 67 (AWT 2) at Local Water
Rate $714kGal
Building 67 (AWT 2) at
GSA Avg Water Rate $1676kGal
Initial Cost ($) $39900 $39900 Cooling Tower Size (tons) 1200 1200Water Savings (Galyr) 824448 824448Water and Sewer Cost Savings ($yr) $5887 $13818 Annual Increase in OampM ($yr) $3300 $3300 Simple Payback with OampM (yrs) 154 38Savings to Investment Ratio 13 53
NREL | 20
AWT 2 Technology Description
Water Conservation Technology International bull Salt based water softening
system to remove hardnessndash Polyethylene regeneration
tank and brine tankbull No need for corrosion or scale
inhibitor very little biocidebull Regeneration uses 70 gallons 2-
3 timesweek in summer 1 timeweek spring fall
Representative diagram of system layout for Building 25 (Credit Joelynn Schroeder NREL)
Manufacturer Reference httpswwwwater-cticomtechnologyhtml
NREL | 21
AWT 2 Facility Description
Building Locationbull Denver Federal Centerbull Building 25
Building Factsbull 360797 square feet ft2 office lab buildingbull 425 occupants
Cooling Systembull (2) 500-ton chillersbull (3) 500-ton cooling towersbull (1) flat plate heat-exchange
AWT 2 Regeneration and Brine Tank
AWT 2 Controller
NREL | 22
AWT 2 Water Savings and Water Quality
Water Savings bull Measured CoC ranged from 12-80bull Measured 99 reduction in blowdown
Water Qualitybull Realized significant reduction in OampMbull Increased run time of tower free coolingbull Observational improvements in water qualitybull Conductivity (microsiemens) Control range
lt2400 maintained = 8700 - 20000 (300 -800 outside range)
bull pH value Control range = 73ndash90 maintained = 96ndash102 (up to 13 outside range)
bull ldquoMrdquo Alkalinity (as CaCO3) Control range = 100ndash1000 ppm maintained = 1680 ndash 3004 (68 - 300 outside range)
Month 2012 2013Jan 5497 8830Feb 13421 6491Mar 3830 7836Apr 21667 18275May 25117 26930Jun 50585 40409Jul 73187 76667
Aug 62193 82485Sep 48304 73088Oct 35643 59251Nov 15175 26608Dec 12018 8830
Totals 366637 435702
Monthly Water Savings
NREL | 23
AWT 2 Economics
bull Installed costs higher than normal due to Fed Gov added factors and side stream filtration
bull OampM costs decreased due to reduce chemical usage staff time
bull Local rebates would have offset ~50 of installed cost if Fed Center was not on one master water meter
Economic Parameter
Building 25 (AWT 1) at Local Water
Rate $714kGal
Building 25 (AWT 1) at
GSA Avg Water Rate $1676kGal
Initial Cost ($) $29600 $29600 Cooling Tower Size (tons) 1500 1500Water Savings (Galyr) 401170 401170Water and Sewer Cost Savings ($yr) $2864 $6724
Annual Increase in OampM ($yr) ($2768) ($2768)Simple Payback with OampM (yrs) 53 31Savings to Investment Ratio 38 65
NREL | 24
Additional AWT 1 and 2 Deployments
Denver Federal Center Facility
AWT System Date Installed
Cooling Tower
Size (Tons)
Installed Cost ($)
Annual Water
Savings (Galyr)
Annual Water
Savings ($)
Annual Increas
e in OampM ($yr)
Total Annual
Cost Savings ($yr)
Simple Payback
(yrs)
Bldg20 AWT Technology 1 Nov-16 600 $31057 718597 $5131 ($2768
) $7899 39
Bldg41 AWT Technology 1 Jan-17 1000 $36976 180992
1 $12923 ($2768)
$15691 24
Bldg 85 AWT Technology 2 Jan-14 500 $8756 62450 $446 $1000 ($554) -158
Bldg56 AWT Technology 2 Jan-15 1000 $28557 661160 $4721 $2200 $2521 113
Bldg 810 AWT Technology 2 Jun-14 2 x 500 $31047 113145
0 $8079 $3300 $4779 65
Bldg810 USDA
AWT Technology 2 Mar-16 3 x 500 $31047 104800
0 $7483 $3300 $4183 74
NREL | 25
AWT 3 Technology Description
Silverbulletbull Uses a combination of ozone (O3)
hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) andor UV lights to generate highly reactive hydroxyl (OHbull) and oxygen free radicals
bull Air tube is ran into cooling tower basin and pumps AOP treated air into cooling tower basin
bull Elimination of scale inhibitor corrosion inhibitor potential elimination of biocide
Silver Bullet Interior Cabinet
Manufacturer Reference httpwwwsilverbulletcorpcomcommercial-cooling
NREL | 26
AWT 3 Facility Description
Building Locationbull Denver Federal Centerbull Building 95
Building Factsbull 163206 ft2 two-story bull Office laboratory building
Cooling Systembull (2) 250-ton water-cooled centrifugal
chillers bull (2) induced draft cooling tower
Silver Bullet Interior Cabinet
NREL | 27
AWT 3 Performance Objectives
Quantitative Objectives
Success Criteria Metrics amp Data MampV Results
Water Savingsgt10 reduction in cooling tower water makeup (galton-hr)
- Cooling tower makeup water- Chiller plant energy usage- Outside air conditions
Met Annual water savings 227 to 297
Reduction in Chemical Costs
gt90 reduction in annual chemical costs
-Pre- and post- annual chemical costs
Met Elimination of all chemicals other than biocides
Water ChemistryMeets or exceeds GSA cooling tower water chemistry requirements
- Pre- and post- water chemistry reports
Met GSA water chemistry requirements
Cost EffectivenessSimple payback Savings to Investment ratio (SIR)
- Payback lt 10 years SIRgt 1Met SPP of 34 yrs SIR of 6
Qualitative Objectives
Success Criteria Metrics amp Data MampV Results
Ease of Installation
Less than 2-day installation time
Labor hours to install technology
Met Less than 1 day to install
NREL | 28
AWT Regression Modeling
Baseline Daily Cooling Tower Makeup Water Regression
119862119862119862119862119862119862119862119862119862119862119862119862119862119862 119879119879119862119862119879119879119879119879119879119879 119872119872119872119872119872119872119879119879119872119872119872119872 119882119882119872119872119882119882119879119879119879119879= 1198881198880 + 1198881198881 119882119882119882119882119882119882_119882119882119882119882119882119882119882119882 + 1198881198882 119862119862119862119862119862119862119879119879119879119879119862119862119862119862 + 1198881198883 119862119862119882119882119879119879119879119879119872119872119862119862119862119862119862119862119882119882+ 1198881198884 1198621198621198621198621198621198621198791198791198791198791198621198621198621198622 + 1198881198885 119862119862119862119862119862119862119879119879119879119879119862119862119862119862 119862119862119882119882119879119879119879119879119872119872119862119862119862119862119862119862119882119882
NREL | 29
AWT 3 Water Savings and Water Quality
Water Savings bull Measured CoC ranged from 51-144bull Measured 263 reduction in
makeup water (blowdown not measured)
Water Qualitybull Realized reduction in chiller
condenser tube foulingbull Elimination of scaling corrosion
inhibitor uses small amount of biocide
bull ORP of 194 GSA range gt 300
Month
2017 Cooling Tower
Makeup (GalMon)
2014 Weather
Normalized Baseline
Water (GalMon)
1-Jan 928 01-Feb 15042 183011-Mar 46706 545561-Apr 52254 663501-May 54904 1075431-Jun 282322 3754191-Jul 398206 506684
1-Aug 298039 4451161-Sep 190375 2757491-Oct 61146 1086231-Nov 35554 449301-Dec 40005 0
Totals 1475482 2003273
NREL | 30
AWT 3 Economics
bull Installed costs higher than normal due to Fed Gov added factors and side stream filtration
bull OampM costs decreased due to reduce chemical usage staff time
bull Local rebates would have offset ~50 of installed cost if Fed Center was not on one master water meter
BaselineTested
Technology (After)1
Difference w Local
Sewer+Water Rate
($714kGal)
Difference w GSA Avg Water Rate
$1676kGal(Before)
Installation3 NA $21125 $21125 $21125 Annual Maintenance $5855yr $3333yr $2522yr $2522yr
Annual Water Consumption (Gallonsyr)
2003273 1475482 527791 527791
Annual Water Costs$14303 $10535 $3768 $8846($yr)
Simple Payback yrs 34 19Savings-to-
Investment RatioInteger value between 0
and 10060 108
NREL | 31
AWT 3 Energy Modeling
bull Energy Plus Commercial Building Reference Modelbull Post 1980 construction Large office building
498588 ft2
bull Modeled 3 CoC baseline 10 CoC 15 CoC
NREL | 32
AWT 3 Energy Modeling
bull Modeled water rates for each citybull Water rates vary significantly by city cities with
highest rates had highest savings
NREL | 33
AWT 3 Energy Modeling
bull Calculated SIR per location as a function of water rate (SIRgt1)
bull Used for high cost case of $25000
bull Does not include OampM cost savings
NREL | 34
AWT4 Technology Description
Scale controlElectro-catalytic process accelerates scale formation in the reactorsScale is easily removed from reactors
Expected Performancebull Blowdown water (and sewer) savings of 25-95 (CoC 30 or more)bull Elimination of chemicalsbull Energy savings ndash depending on the amount of scale in the baseline case
Corrosion controlMaintains balanced pH and mineral content to minimize corrosion
Biological Growth controlForms HOCl and Cl2 from the chlorides in the water for biocides
Dynamic Water Technologies amp Universal Environmental Technologiesbull Chemical free electrolysis
UET reactor skid
NREL | 35
AWT 4 Facility Description
Test site 1bull 240000 ft2 federal office building Savannah GAbull 2 250-ton chillers and 2 cooling towersbull 1 UET reactor skidbull Test period June ndash October 2017
Test site 2bull 530000 ft2 office building Los Angeles CAbull 2 800-ton and 2-500 ton chillers and 4 cooling towersbull 2 UET reactor skidsbull Test period June ndash October 2018 (ongoing)
NREL | 36
AWT 4 Water Savings and Water Quality
Water Savings bull Measured CoC gt 30bull Measured 98 reduction in
blowdownbull gt 1 million gal saved annually
Water Qualitybull No measured reduction in scaling bull Noticeable reduction in biological
growth and cleaning requirementsbull Observational improvements in
water qualitybull DWT maintains a high conductivity
setting (6000)
Scale removal from reactor cores
NREL | 37
AWT 4 Test Site 1 Results
Economic ParameterLocal Water
Rate $664kGal
GSA Avg Water Rate $1676kGal
Initial Cost ($) $59369 $59369 Cooling Tower Size (tons) 500 500Water Savings (Galyr) 1003300 1003300Water and Sewer Cost Savings ($yr) $6662 $16816 Annual Increase in OampM ($yr) ($720) ($720) Simple Payback with OampM (yrs) 10 37Savings to Investment Ratio 20 54
bull Installed costs higher than normal due to tech demo costs and Fed Gov added factors
bull Revised cost used in analysis
bull OampM costs increased slightly with annual service contract
NREL | 38
AWT4 Test Site 2 Results
bull Baseline period completebull DWT-UET system start up on 792018bull Expected testing through October 2018
Questions
michaelderunrelgov
jessedeannrelgov
Thank You
- Slide Number 1
- Cooling Tower Water Management Best Practices
- HVAC Research Team Call
- Cooling Tower Basics
- Balancing Cooling Tower Water Quality
- Cooling Tower Cycles of Concentration
- Corrosion vs Scale
- Genetic Biological Sampling
- Technology Testing Programs
- Emerging Technology Framework
- GSA Green Proving Ground Objectives
- Communicating MampV Outcomes from GSA Test Beds
- Technologies Tested by GPG with Published Results
- General AWT MampV Framework
- GSA Required Cooling Tower Water Quality
- AWT 1 Technology Description
- AWT 1 Facility Description
- AWT 1 Water Savings and Water Quality
- AWT 1 Economics
- AWT 2 Technology Description
- AWT 2 Facility Description
- AWT 2 Water Savings and Water Quality
- AWT 2 Economics
- Additional AWT 1 and 2 Deployments
- AWT 3 Technology Description
- AWT 3 Facility Description
- AWT 3 Performance Objectives
- AWT Regression Modeling
- AWT 3 Water Savings and Water Quality
- AWT 3 Economics
- AWT 3 Energy Modeling
- AWT 3 Energy Modeling
- AWT 3 Energy Modeling
- AWT4 Technology Description
- AWT 4 Facility Description
- AWT 4 Water Savings and Water Quality
- AWT 4 Test Site 1 Results
- AWT4 Test Site 2 Results
- Questions
- Thank You
-
HVAC Research Team Call September 6 2018 1-2 ET Field Test Results of New HVAC Technologies
bull High performance circulator pumps bull Air scrubber technology that removes CO2 and VOCsbull high-performance variable speed screw chillers
Registration at httpsattendeegotowebinarcomregister775157188383295745
Cooling Tower Basics
Evaporation removes about 1000 Btulb of water Evaporation rate ~ 18 galton-hr (varies with
conditions and load) Evaporation leads to concentration of minerals and
chemicals Control scale corrosion and biological growth with
water treatment (usually chemicals) and blowdown
Credit Michael Deru NREL
Balancing Cooling Tower Water Quality
Scale
Corrosion Biological Growth
ScaleBad Reduce heat transfer plug orifices sites for corrosion or bacteria growthGood Small amounts can reduce corrosionControl Scale inhibitors remove minerals balanced chemistry blowdown
CorrosionBad Corrosion sites for biological growthGood NoneControl Corrosion inhibitors balanced chemistry
Biological GrowthBad Potential health hazard reduce heat transfer plug orifices biocorrosion sites for corrosion or scaleGood NoneControl Biocides balanced chemistry reduce light blowdown
Challenging to maintain balanced
water chemistry
Cooling Tower Cycles of Concentration
Cycle of Concentration (CoC) ndashRatio of concentration in dissolved solids blowdown vs makeup water Typical CoC ndash 25 to 7At a CoC of 3 around 33 of
cooling tower water make up is wasted as blowdown
Realize lions share of savings from CoC of 3 to CoC of 10 savings level off after CoC of 15
Corrosion vs Scale
Analyzed 2-15 years of data from 8 CTs Most CTs maintained in a
moderate to high scale condition Ryznar and Langelier
Saturation indices predict the balance between scale and corrosion potentials
Ideal range
Genetic Biological Sampling Tested 9 towers in Denver CO area Significant growth in 8 towersNo negative health concernsNo Legionella Bio-corrosion bacteria in 7 towers
Unique Bacteria Genus
Sites Containing Genus
Acinetobacter 2Aeromonas 4Alishewanella 1Arthrobacter 2Bacillus 4Chryseobacgerium 3Delftia 1Flavobacterium 2Halomonas 1Pseudomonas 7Rheinheimera 3Shewanella 3Stenotrophomonas 2
Technology Testing Programs
Department of Energy High Impact Technology (HIT) Catalystbull 14 technology tests available with several more coming
General Services Administration GSA Proving Grounds (GPG)bull 34 reports 23 technologies 14 technologies deployed
Department of Defense Environmental Security Technology Certification Program (ESTCP)
bull Many technologies
NREL | 10
Emerging Technology Framework
Reference httpswwwgsagovgovernmentwide-initiativessustainabilityemerging-building-technologiesabout-gsarsquos-proving-ground-gpg
NREL | 11
GSA Green Proving Ground Objectives
Identify promising technologies at the edge of commercialization
Pilot technology installations within GSArsquos real estate portfolio
Recommend technologies with broad deployment potential for GSA
Partner with Department of Energy national laboratories to objectively evaluate real-world performance
Reference httpswwwgsagovgovernmentwide-initiativessustainabilityemerging-building-technologiesabout-gsarsquos-proving-ground-gpg
NREL | 12
Communicating MampV Outcomes from GSA Test Beds
Technical report 4-page Findings Infographic Webinar Series
Reference httpswwwgsagovgovernmentwide-initiativessustainabilityemerging-building-technologiesabout-gsarsquos-proving-ground-gpg
NREL | 13
Technologies Tested by GPG with Published Results
Variable-Speed Maglev Chiller
Variable-speed Direct-drive Screw
Chiller
LED Fixtures with Integrated Controls
High-R Window Panel Retrofits
Occupant Responsive Lighting
Condensing Boilers Photovoltaics
PV GuidanceThermochromic amp
Electrochromic Windows
Integrated Daylighting Systems
Photovoltaic-Thermal System
Vacuum Insulated Panels for Roofing
Wood-Pellet-Fired Biomass
BoilerSolar Control Films
Weather Station for Irrigation Control
Non-Chemical Prevention of Hard
Water Scale
Wireless Advanced Lighting Controls
Electrochromic (EC) Windows for LPOEs
Honeycomb Solar Thermal
Collector
Control Optimization
System for Chiller Plants
EC Windows with Dynamic Controls for
General Office Space
Synchronous amp Cogged Fan Belts
Multi-staged Indirect
Evaporative Cooler
Wireless Pneumatic
Thermostats
Advanced Power Strips
Wireless Sensor Networks
Socially Driven HVAC Optimization
Variable Refrigerant Flow
Smart Ceiling Fans
Wireless Soil Moisture Sensors
for Irrigation Control
Broad Deployment Potential for GSA
LED Downlight Lamps for CFL
Fixtures
Linear LED Lighting Retrofits
Low-e Window Films
Building Envelope
HVAC Lighting Energy Management
Water On-Site Renewables
NREL | 14
General AWT MampV Framework
Typical MampV Pointsbull Condenser water supply and return
temperatures (degF)bull Condenser water pump status
(ONOFF) bull Cooling tower fan status (ONOFF)bull Chiller water supply and return
temperatures (degF)bull Chiller status (ONOFF) bull Outdoor air temperature (degF) and
humidity ()bull Cooling Tower Make Up Water meter
(Gal)bull Blowdown Water Meter (Gal)bull Chiller Plant Electrical Meter (kWh)
Primary Objective Measure cooling tower water savings measured in galton-hr
Conceptual model of the AWTs (Credit Joelynn Schroeder NREL)
NREL | 15
GSA Required Cooling Tower Water Quality
bull Water quality was tracked on monthly basis to ensure compliance with GSA Acceptable Ranges
bull Additional biological testing was conducted by NREL
Test Acceptable Ranges
T alkalinity (ppm) 100 - 1000pH 73 ndash 90
Chloride (ppm) 10 - 500Cycles gt2
Total Hardness (ppm) 500 - 1500Phosphate (ppm) 43327
Conductivity (mmHos) lt2400Bacteria Count (cfu) lt80000Water Appearance Clear
Iron (ppm) lt4Calcium Hardness (ppm) lt500
Magnesium Hardness (ppm) lt100Chlorides (ppm) lt250
Salt (ppm) lt410Sulfates (ppm) lt250
Silica (ppm) lt150ORP (mV) gt300
90-day Copper Coupon (mpy) lt0290-day Mild Steel Coupon (mpy) lt390-day Galvanized Steel (mpy) lt4
90-day Stainless Steel (mpy) lt01
NREL | 16
AWT 1 Technology Description
Terlyn Water Treatmentbull Uses a very strong scale
inhibitor new PLC controller side stream crushed glass media filter
bull Controller set 13-18 CoCrsquos based on TDS
bull Filter is backwashed for 30 seconds once a day using 300 gallonsday
Representative diagram of system design for Building 67 (Credit Joelynn Schroeder NREL)
Manufacturer Reference httpwwwterlyncom
NREL | 17
AWT 1 Facility Description
Building Locationbull Denver Federal Centerbull Building 67
Building Factsbull 342722 ft2 Office buildingbull 1200 occupants
Cooling Systembull (1) 900-ton chiller (1) 450-ton chillerbull (2) 600-ton cooling towersbull (1) flat plat heat-exchanger
NREL | 18
AWT 1 Water Savings and Water Quality
Water Savings bull Measured CoC ranged from 13-18bull Measured 94 reduction in blowdown
Water Qualitybull Realized significant reduction in scaling
ndash Increased run time of tower free cooling 6 F reduction in set point
bull Observational improvements in water qualitybull Conductivity (microsiemens) Control Range lt2400 maintained =
2540 - 7000 (5 - 290 outside range)
NREL | 19
AWT 1 Economics
bull Installed costs higher than normal due to Fed Gov added factors and side stream filtration
bull OampM costs increased due to increased scaling chemical costs and side stream filtration OampM
bull Local rebates would have offset ~50 of installed cost if Fed Center was not on one master water meter
Economic Parameter
Building 67 (AWT 2) at Local Water
Rate $714kGal
Building 67 (AWT 2) at
GSA Avg Water Rate $1676kGal
Initial Cost ($) $39900 $39900 Cooling Tower Size (tons) 1200 1200Water Savings (Galyr) 824448 824448Water and Sewer Cost Savings ($yr) $5887 $13818 Annual Increase in OampM ($yr) $3300 $3300 Simple Payback with OampM (yrs) 154 38Savings to Investment Ratio 13 53
NREL | 20
AWT 2 Technology Description
Water Conservation Technology International bull Salt based water softening
system to remove hardnessndash Polyethylene regeneration
tank and brine tankbull No need for corrosion or scale
inhibitor very little biocidebull Regeneration uses 70 gallons 2-
3 timesweek in summer 1 timeweek spring fall
Representative diagram of system layout for Building 25 (Credit Joelynn Schroeder NREL)
Manufacturer Reference httpswwwwater-cticomtechnologyhtml
NREL | 21
AWT 2 Facility Description
Building Locationbull Denver Federal Centerbull Building 25
Building Factsbull 360797 square feet ft2 office lab buildingbull 425 occupants
Cooling Systembull (2) 500-ton chillersbull (3) 500-ton cooling towersbull (1) flat plate heat-exchange
AWT 2 Regeneration and Brine Tank
AWT 2 Controller
NREL | 22
AWT 2 Water Savings and Water Quality
Water Savings bull Measured CoC ranged from 12-80bull Measured 99 reduction in blowdown
Water Qualitybull Realized significant reduction in OampMbull Increased run time of tower free coolingbull Observational improvements in water qualitybull Conductivity (microsiemens) Control range
lt2400 maintained = 8700 - 20000 (300 -800 outside range)
bull pH value Control range = 73ndash90 maintained = 96ndash102 (up to 13 outside range)
bull ldquoMrdquo Alkalinity (as CaCO3) Control range = 100ndash1000 ppm maintained = 1680 ndash 3004 (68 - 300 outside range)
Month 2012 2013Jan 5497 8830Feb 13421 6491Mar 3830 7836Apr 21667 18275May 25117 26930Jun 50585 40409Jul 73187 76667
Aug 62193 82485Sep 48304 73088Oct 35643 59251Nov 15175 26608Dec 12018 8830
Totals 366637 435702
Monthly Water Savings
NREL | 23
AWT 2 Economics
bull Installed costs higher than normal due to Fed Gov added factors and side stream filtration
bull OampM costs decreased due to reduce chemical usage staff time
bull Local rebates would have offset ~50 of installed cost if Fed Center was not on one master water meter
Economic Parameter
Building 25 (AWT 1) at Local Water
Rate $714kGal
Building 25 (AWT 1) at
GSA Avg Water Rate $1676kGal
Initial Cost ($) $29600 $29600 Cooling Tower Size (tons) 1500 1500Water Savings (Galyr) 401170 401170Water and Sewer Cost Savings ($yr) $2864 $6724
Annual Increase in OampM ($yr) ($2768) ($2768)Simple Payback with OampM (yrs) 53 31Savings to Investment Ratio 38 65
NREL | 24
Additional AWT 1 and 2 Deployments
Denver Federal Center Facility
AWT System Date Installed
Cooling Tower
Size (Tons)
Installed Cost ($)
Annual Water
Savings (Galyr)
Annual Water
Savings ($)
Annual Increas
e in OampM ($yr)
Total Annual
Cost Savings ($yr)
Simple Payback
(yrs)
Bldg20 AWT Technology 1 Nov-16 600 $31057 718597 $5131 ($2768
) $7899 39
Bldg41 AWT Technology 1 Jan-17 1000 $36976 180992
1 $12923 ($2768)
$15691 24
Bldg 85 AWT Technology 2 Jan-14 500 $8756 62450 $446 $1000 ($554) -158
Bldg56 AWT Technology 2 Jan-15 1000 $28557 661160 $4721 $2200 $2521 113
Bldg 810 AWT Technology 2 Jun-14 2 x 500 $31047 113145
0 $8079 $3300 $4779 65
Bldg810 USDA
AWT Technology 2 Mar-16 3 x 500 $31047 104800
0 $7483 $3300 $4183 74
NREL | 25
AWT 3 Technology Description
Silverbulletbull Uses a combination of ozone (O3)
hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) andor UV lights to generate highly reactive hydroxyl (OHbull) and oxygen free radicals
bull Air tube is ran into cooling tower basin and pumps AOP treated air into cooling tower basin
bull Elimination of scale inhibitor corrosion inhibitor potential elimination of biocide
Silver Bullet Interior Cabinet
Manufacturer Reference httpwwwsilverbulletcorpcomcommercial-cooling
NREL | 26
AWT 3 Facility Description
Building Locationbull Denver Federal Centerbull Building 95
Building Factsbull 163206 ft2 two-story bull Office laboratory building
Cooling Systembull (2) 250-ton water-cooled centrifugal
chillers bull (2) induced draft cooling tower
Silver Bullet Interior Cabinet
NREL | 27
AWT 3 Performance Objectives
Quantitative Objectives
Success Criteria Metrics amp Data MampV Results
Water Savingsgt10 reduction in cooling tower water makeup (galton-hr)
- Cooling tower makeup water- Chiller plant energy usage- Outside air conditions
Met Annual water savings 227 to 297
Reduction in Chemical Costs
gt90 reduction in annual chemical costs
-Pre- and post- annual chemical costs
Met Elimination of all chemicals other than biocides
Water ChemistryMeets or exceeds GSA cooling tower water chemistry requirements
- Pre- and post- water chemistry reports
Met GSA water chemistry requirements
Cost EffectivenessSimple payback Savings to Investment ratio (SIR)
- Payback lt 10 years SIRgt 1Met SPP of 34 yrs SIR of 6
Qualitative Objectives
Success Criteria Metrics amp Data MampV Results
Ease of Installation
Less than 2-day installation time
Labor hours to install technology
Met Less than 1 day to install
NREL | 28
AWT Regression Modeling
Baseline Daily Cooling Tower Makeup Water Regression
119862119862119862119862119862119862119862119862119862119862119862119862119862119862 119879119879119862119862119879119879119879119879119879119879 119872119872119872119872119872119872119879119879119872119872119872119872 119882119882119872119872119882119882119879119879119879119879= 1198881198880 + 1198881198881 119882119882119882119882119882119882_119882119882119882119882119882119882119882119882 + 1198881198882 119862119862119862119862119862119862119879119879119879119879119862119862119862119862 + 1198881198883 119862119862119882119882119879119879119879119879119872119872119862119862119862119862119862119862119882119882+ 1198881198884 1198621198621198621198621198621198621198791198791198791198791198621198621198621198622 + 1198881198885 119862119862119862119862119862119862119879119879119879119879119862119862119862119862 119862119862119882119882119879119879119879119879119872119872119862119862119862119862119862119862119882119882
NREL | 29
AWT 3 Water Savings and Water Quality
Water Savings bull Measured CoC ranged from 51-144bull Measured 263 reduction in
makeup water (blowdown not measured)
Water Qualitybull Realized reduction in chiller
condenser tube foulingbull Elimination of scaling corrosion
inhibitor uses small amount of biocide
bull ORP of 194 GSA range gt 300
Month
2017 Cooling Tower
Makeup (GalMon)
2014 Weather
Normalized Baseline
Water (GalMon)
1-Jan 928 01-Feb 15042 183011-Mar 46706 545561-Apr 52254 663501-May 54904 1075431-Jun 282322 3754191-Jul 398206 506684
1-Aug 298039 4451161-Sep 190375 2757491-Oct 61146 1086231-Nov 35554 449301-Dec 40005 0
Totals 1475482 2003273
NREL | 30
AWT 3 Economics
bull Installed costs higher than normal due to Fed Gov added factors and side stream filtration
bull OampM costs decreased due to reduce chemical usage staff time
bull Local rebates would have offset ~50 of installed cost if Fed Center was not on one master water meter
BaselineTested
Technology (After)1
Difference w Local
Sewer+Water Rate
($714kGal)
Difference w GSA Avg Water Rate
$1676kGal(Before)
Installation3 NA $21125 $21125 $21125 Annual Maintenance $5855yr $3333yr $2522yr $2522yr
Annual Water Consumption (Gallonsyr)
2003273 1475482 527791 527791
Annual Water Costs$14303 $10535 $3768 $8846($yr)
Simple Payback yrs 34 19Savings-to-
Investment RatioInteger value between 0
and 10060 108
NREL | 31
AWT 3 Energy Modeling
bull Energy Plus Commercial Building Reference Modelbull Post 1980 construction Large office building
498588 ft2
bull Modeled 3 CoC baseline 10 CoC 15 CoC
NREL | 32
AWT 3 Energy Modeling
bull Modeled water rates for each citybull Water rates vary significantly by city cities with
highest rates had highest savings
NREL | 33
AWT 3 Energy Modeling
bull Calculated SIR per location as a function of water rate (SIRgt1)
bull Used for high cost case of $25000
bull Does not include OampM cost savings
NREL | 34
AWT4 Technology Description
Scale controlElectro-catalytic process accelerates scale formation in the reactorsScale is easily removed from reactors
Expected Performancebull Blowdown water (and sewer) savings of 25-95 (CoC 30 or more)bull Elimination of chemicalsbull Energy savings ndash depending on the amount of scale in the baseline case
Corrosion controlMaintains balanced pH and mineral content to minimize corrosion
Biological Growth controlForms HOCl and Cl2 from the chlorides in the water for biocides
Dynamic Water Technologies amp Universal Environmental Technologiesbull Chemical free electrolysis
UET reactor skid
NREL | 35
AWT 4 Facility Description
Test site 1bull 240000 ft2 federal office building Savannah GAbull 2 250-ton chillers and 2 cooling towersbull 1 UET reactor skidbull Test period June ndash October 2017
Test site 2bull 530000 ft2 office building Los Angeles CAbull 2 800-ton and 2-500 ton chillers and 4 cooling towersbull 2 UET reactor skidsbull Test period June ndash October 2018 (ongoing)
NREL | 36
AWT 4 Water Savings and Water Quality
Water Savings bull Measured CoC gt 30bull Measured 98 reduction in
blowdownbull gt 1 million gal saved annually
Water Qualitybull No measured reduction in scaling bull Noticeable reduction in biological
growth and cleaning requirementsbull Observational improvements in
water qualitybull DWT maintains a high conductivity
setting (6000)
Scale removal from reactor cores
NREL | 37
AWT 4 Test Site 1 Results
Economic ParameterLocal Water
Rate $664kGal
GSA Avg Water Rate $1676kGal
Initial Cost ($) $59369 $59369 Cooling Tower Size (tons) 500 500Water Savings (Galyr) 1003300 1003300Water and Sewer Cost Savings ($yr) $6662 $16816 Annual Increase in OampM ($yr) ($720) ($720) Simple Payback with OampM (yrs) 10 37Savings to Investment Ratio 20 54
bull Installed costs higher than normal due to tech demo costs and Fed Gov added factors
bull Revised cost used in analysis
bull OampM costs increased slightly with annual service contract
NREL | 38
AWT4 Test Site 2 Results
bull Baseline period completebull DWT-UET system start up on 792018bull Expected testing through October 2018
Questions
michaelderunrelgov
jessedeannrelgov
Thank You
- Slide Number 1
- Cooling Tower Water Management Best Practices
- HVAC Research Team Call
- Cooling Tower Basics
- Balancing Cooling Tower Water Quality
- Cooling Tower Cycles of Concentration
- Corrosion vs Scale
- Genetic Biological Sampling
- Technology Testing Programs
- Emerging Technology Framework
- GSA Green Proving Ground Objectives
- Communicating MampV Outcomes from GSA Test Beds
- Technologies Tested by GPG with Published Results
- General AWT MampV Framework
- GSA Required Cooling Tower Water Quality
- AWT 1 Technology Description
- AWT 1 Facility Description
- AWT 1 Water Savings and Water Quality
- AWT 1 Economics
- AWT 2 Technology Description
- AWT 2 Facility Description
- AWT 2 Water Savings and Water Quality
- AWT 2 Economics
- Additional AWT 1 and 2 Deployments
- AWT 3 Technology Description
- AWT 3 Facility Description
- AWT 3 Performance Objectives
- AWT Regression Modeling
- AWT 3 Water Savings and Water Quality
- AWT 3 Economics
- AWT 3 Energy Modeling
- AWT 3 Energy Modeling
- AWT 3 Energy Modeling
- AWT4 Technology Description
- AWT 4 Facility Description
- AWT 4 Water Savings and Water Quality
- AWT 4 Test Site 1 Results
- AWT4 Test Site 2 Results
- Questions
- Thank You
-
Cooling Tower Basics
Evaporation removes about 1000 Btulb of water Evaporation rate ~ 18 galton-hr (varies with
conditions and load) Evaporation leads to concentration of minerals and
chemicals Control scale corrosion and biological growth with
water treatment (usually chemicals) and blowdown
Credit Michael Deru NREL
Balancing Cooling Tower Water Quality
Scale
Corrosion Biological Growth
ScaleBad Reduce heat transfer plug orifices sites for corrosion or bacteria growthGood Small amounts can reduce corrosionControl Scale inhibitors remove minerals balanced chemistry blowdown
CorrosionBad Corrosion sites for biological growthGood NoneControl Corrosion inhibitors balanced chemistry
Biological GrowthBad Potential health hazard reduce heat transfer plug orifices biocorrosion sites for corrosion or scaleGood NoneControl Biocides balanced chemistry reduce light blowdown
Challenging to maintain balanced
water chemistry
Cooling Tower Cycles of Concentration
Cycle of Concentration (CoC) ndashRatio of concentration in dissolved solids blowdown vs makeup water Typical CoC ndash 25 to 7At a CoC of 3 around 33 of
cooling tower water make up is wasted as blowdown
Realize lions share of savings from CoC of 3 to CoC of 10 savings level off after CoC of 15
Corrosion vs Scale
Analyzed 2-15 years of data from 8 CTs Most CTs maintained in a
moderate to high scale condition Ryznar and Langelier
Saturation indices predict the balance between scale and corrosion potentials
Ideal range
Genetic Biological Sampling Tested 9 towers in Denver CO area Significant growth in 8 towersNo negative health concernsNo Legionella Bio-corrosion bacteria in 7 towers
Unique Bacteria Genus
Sites Containing Genus
Acinetobacter 2Aeromonas 4Alishewanella 1Arthrobacter 2Bacillus 4Chryseobacgerium 3Delftia 1Flavobacterium 2Halomonas 1Pseudomonas 7Rheinheimera 3Shewanella 3Stenotrophomonas 2
Technology Testing Programs
Department of Energy High Impact Technology (HIT) Catalystbull 14 technology tests available with several more coming
General Services Administration GSA Proving Grounds (GPG)bull 34 reports 23 technologies 14 technologies deployed
Department of Defense Environmental Security Technology Certification Program (ESTCP)
bull Many technologies
NREL | 10
Emerging Technology Framework
Reference httpswwwgsagovgovernmentwide-initiativessustainabilityemerging-building-technologiesabout-gsarsquos-proving-ground-gpg
NREL | 11
GSA Green Proving Ground Objectives
Identify promising technologies at the edge of commercialization
Pilot technology installations within GSArsquos real estate portfolio
Recommend technologies with broad deployment potential for GSA
Partner with Department of Energy national laboratories to objectively evaluate real-world performance
Reference httpswwwgsagovgovernmentwide-initiativessustainabilityemerging-building-technologiesabout-gsarsquos-proving-ground-gpg
NREL | 12
Communicating MampV Outcomes from GSA Test Beds
Technical report 4-page Findings Infographic Webinar Series
Reference httpswwwgsagovgovernmentwide-initiativessustainabilityemerging-building-technologiesabout-gsarsquos-proving-ground-gpg
NREL | 13
Technologies Tested by GPG with Published Results
Variable-Speed Maglev Chiller
Variable-speed Direct-drive Screw
Chiller
LED Fixtures with Integrated Controls
High-R Window Panel Retrofits
Occupant Responsive Lighting
Condensing Boilers Photovoltaics
PV GuidanceThermochromic amp
Electrochromic Windows
Integrated Daylighting Systems
Photovoltaic-Thermal System
Vacuum Insulated Panels for Roofing
Wood-Pellet-Fired Biomass
BoilerSolar Control Films
Weather Station for Irrigation Control
Non-Chemical Prevention of Hard
Water Scale
Wireless Advanced Lighting Controls
Electrochromic (EC) Windows for LPOEs
Honeycomb Solar Thermal
Collector
Control Optimization
System for Chiller Plants
EC Windows with Dynamic Controls for
General Office Space
Synchronous amp Cogged Fan Belts
Multi-staged Indirect
Evaporative Cooler
Wireless Pneumatic
Thermostats
Advanced Power Strips
Wireless Sensor Networks
Socially Driven HVAC Optimization
Variable Refrigerant Flow
Smart Ceiling Fans
Wireless Soil Moisture Sensors
for Irrigation Control
Broad Deployment Potential for GSA
LED Downlight Lamps for CFL
Fixtures
Linear LED Lighting Retrofits
Low-e Window Films
Building Envelope
HVAC Lighting Energy Management
Water On-Site Renewables
NREL | 14
General AWT MampV Framework
Typical MampV Pointsbull Condenser water supply and return
temperatures (degF)bull Condenser water pump status
(ONOFF) bull Cooling tower fan status (ONOFF)bull Chiller water supply and return
temperatures (degF)bull Chiller status (ONOFF) bull Outdoor air temperature (degF) and
humidity ()bull Cooling Tower Make Up Water meter
(Gal)bull Blowdown Water Meter (Gal)bull Chiller Plant Electrical Meter (kWh)
Primary Objective Measure cooling tower water savings measured in galton-hr
Conceptual model of the AWTs (Credit Joelynn Schroeder NREL)
NREL | 15
GSA Required Cooling Tower Water Quality
bull Water quality was tracked on monthly basis to ensure compliance with GSA Acceptable Ranges
bull Additional biological testing was conducted by NREL
Test Acceptable Ranges
T alkalinity (ppm) 100 - 1000pH 73 ndash 90
Chloride (ppm) 10 - 500Cycles gt2
Total Hardness (ppm) 500 - 1500Phosphate (ppm) 43327
Conductivity (mmHos) lt2400Bacteria Count (cfu) lt80000Water Appearance Clear
Iron (ppm) lt4Calcium Hardness (ppm) lt500
Magnesium Hardness (ppm) lt100Chlorides (ppm) lt250
Salt (ppm) lt410Sulfates (ppm) lt250
Silica (ppm) lt150ORP (mV) gt300
90-day Copper Coupon (mpy) lt0290-day Mild Steel Coupon (mpy) lt390-day Galvanized Steel (mpy) lt4
90-day Stainless Steel (mpy) lt01
NREL | 16
AWT 1 Technology Description
Terlyn Water Treatmentbull Uses a very strong scale
inhibitor new PLC controller side stream crushed glass media filter
bull Controller set 13-18 CoCrsquos based on TDS
bull Filter is backwashed for 30 seconds once a day using 300 gallonsday
Representative diagram of system design for Building 67 (Credit Joelynn Schroeder NREL)
Manufacturer Reference httpwwwterlyncom
NREL | 17
AWT 1 Facility Description
Building Locationbull Denver Federal Centerbull Building 67
Building Factsbull 342722 ft2 Office buildingbull 1200 occupants
Cooling Systembull (1) 900-ton chiller (1) 450-ton chillerbull (2) 600-ton cooling towersbull (1) flat plat heat-exchanger
NREL | 18
AWT 1 Water Savings and Water Quality
Water Savings bull Measured CoC ranged from 13-18bull Measured 94 reduction in blowdown
Water Qualitybull Realized significant reduction in scaling
ndash Increased run time of tower free cooling 6 F reduction in set point
bull Observational improvements in water qualitybull Conductivity (microsiemens) Control Range lt2400 maintained =
2540 - 7000 (5 - 290 outside range)
NREL | 19
AWT 1 Economics
bull Installed costs higher than normal due to Fed Gov added factors and side stream filtration
bull OampM costs increased due to increased scaling chemical costs and side stream filtration OampM
bull Local rebates would have offset ~50 of installed cost if Fed Center was not on one master water meter
Economic Parameter
Building 67 (AWT 2) at Local Water
Rate $714kGal
Building 67 (AWT 2) at
GSA Avg Water Rate $1676kGal
Initial Cost ($) $39900 $39900 Cooling Tower Size (tons) 1200 1200Water Savings (Galyr) 824448 824448Water and Sewer Cost Savings ($yr) $5887 $13818 Annual Increase in OampM ($yr) $3300 $3300 Simple Payback with OampM (yrs) 154 38Savings to Investment Ratio 13 53
NREL | 20
AWT 2 Technology Description
Water Conservation Technology International bull Salt based water softening
system to remove hardnessndash Polyethylene regeneration
tank and brine tankbull No need for corrosion or scale
inhibitor very little biocidebull Regeneration uses 70 gallons 2-
3 timesweek in summer 1 timeweek spring fall
Representative diagram of system layout for Building 25 (Credit Joelynn Schroeder NREL)
Manufacturer Reference httpswwwwater-cticomtechnologyhtml
NREL | 21
AWT 2 Facility Description
Building Locationbull Denver Federal Centerbull Building 25
Building Factsbull 360797 square feet ft2 office lab buildingbull 425 occupants
Cooling Systembull (2) 500-ton chillersbull (3) 500-ton cooling towersbull (1) flat plate heat-exchange
AWT 2 Regeneration and Brine Tank
AWT 2 Controller
NREL | 22
AWT 2 Water Savings and Water Quality
Water Savings bull Measured CoC ranged from 12-80bull Measured 99 reduction in blowdown
Water Qualitybull Realized significant reduction in OampMbull Increased run time of tower free coolingbull Observational improvements in water qualitybull Conductivity (microsiemens) Control range
lt2400 maintained = 8700 - 20000 (300 -800 outside range)
bull pH value Control range = 73ndash90 maintained = 96ndash102 (up to 13 outside range)
bull ldquoMrdquo Alkalinity (as CaCO3) Control range = 100ndash1000 ppm maintained = 1680 ndash 3004 (68 - 300 outside range)
Month 2012 2013Jan 5497 8830Feb 13421 6491Mar 3830 7836Apr 21667 18275May 25117 26930Jun 50585 40409Jul 73187 76667
Aug 62193 82485Sep 48304 73088Oct 35643 59251Nov 15175 26608Dec 12018 8830
Totals 366637 435702
Monthly Water Savings
NREL | 23
AWT 2 Economics
bull Installed costs higher than normal due to Fed Gov added factors and side stream filtration
bull OampM costs decreased due to reduce chemical usage staff time
bull Local rebates would have offset ~50 of installed cost if Fed Center was not on one master water meter
Economic Parameter
Building 25 (AWT 1) at Local Water
Rate $714kGal
Building 25 (AWT 1) at
GSA Avg Water Rate $1676kGal
Initial Cost ($) $29600 $29600 Cooling Tower Size (tons) 1500 1500Water Savings (Galyr) 401170 401170Water and Sewer Cost Savings ($yr) $2864 $6724
Annual Increase in OampM ($yr) ($2768) ($2768)Simple Payback with OampM (yrs) 53 31Savings to Investment Ratio 38 65
NREL | 24
Additional AWT 1 and 2 Deployments
Denver Federal Center Facility
AWT System Date Installed
Cooling Tower
Size (Tons)
Installed Cost ($)
Annual Water
Savings (Galyr)
Annual Water
Savings ($)
Annual Increas
e in OampM ($yr)
Total Annual
Cost Savings ($yr)
Simple Payback
(yrs)
Bldg20 AWT Technology 1 Nov-16 600 $31057 718597 $5131 ($2768
) $7899 39
Bldg41 AWT Technology 1 Jan-17 1000 $36976 180992
1 $12923 ($2768)
$15691 24
Bldg 85 AWT Technology 2 Jan-14 500 $8756 62450 $446 $1000 ($554) -158
Bldg56 AWT Technology 2 Jan-15 1000 $28557 661160 $4721 $2200 $2521 113
Bldg 810 AWT Technology 2 Jun-14 2 x 500 $31047 113145
0 $8079 $3300 $4779 65
Bldg810 USDA
AWT Technology 2 Mar-16 3 x 500 $31047 104800
0 $7483 $3300 $4183 74
NREL | 25
AWT 3 Technology Description
Silverbulletbull Uses a combination of ozone (O3)
hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) andor UV lights to generate highly reactive hydroxyl (OHbull) and oxygen free radicals
bull Air tube is ran into cooling tower basin and pumps AOP treated air into cooling tower basin
bull Elimination of scale inhibitor corrosion inhibitor potential elimination of biocide
Silver Bullet Interior Cabinet
Manufacturer Reference httpwwwsilverbulletcorpcomcommercial-cooling
NREL | 26
AWT 3 Facility Description
Building Locationbull Denver Federal Centerbull Building 95
Building Factsbull 163206 ft2 two-story bull Office laboratory building
Cooling Systembull (2) 250-ton water-cooled centrifugal
chillers bull (2) induced draft cooling tower
Silver Bullet Interior Cabinet
NREL | 27
AWT 3 Performance Objectives
Quantitative Objectives
Success Criteria Metrics amp Data MampV Results
Water Savingsgt10 reduction in cooling tower water makeup (galton-hr)
- Cooling tower makeup water- Chiller plant energy usage- Outside air conditions
Met Annual water savings 227 to 297
Reduction in Chemical Costs
gt90 reduction in annual chemical costs
-Pre- and post- annual chemical costs
Met Elimination of all chemicals other than biocides
Water ChemistryMeets or exceeds GSA cooling tower water chemistry requirements
- Pre- and post- water chemistry reports
Met GSA water chemistry requirements
Cost EffectivenessSimple payback Savings to Investment ratio (SIR)
- Payback lt 10 years SIRgt 1Met SPP of 34 yrs SIR of 6
Qualitative Objectives
Success Criteria Metrics amp Data MampV Results
Ease of Installation
Less than 2-day installation time
Labor hours to install technology
Met Less than 1 day to install
NREL | 28
AWT Regression Modeling
Baseline Daily Cooling Tower Makeup Water Regression
119862119862119862119862119862119862119862119862119862119862119862119862119862119862 119879119879119862119862119879119879119879119879119879119879 119872119872119872119872119872119872119879119879119872119872119872119872 119882119882119872119872119882119882119879119879119879119879= 1198881198880 + 1198881198881 119882119882119882119882119882119882_119882119882119882119882119882119882119882119882 + 1198881198882 119862119862119862119862119862119862119879119879119879119879119862119862119862119862 + 1198881198883 119862119862119882119882119879119879119879119879119872119872119862119862119862119862119862119862119882119882+ 1198881198884 1198621198621198621198621198621198621198791198791198791198791198621198621198621198622 + 1198881198885 119862119862119862119862119862119862119879119879119879119879119862119862119862119862 119862119862119882119882119879119879119879119879119872119872119862119862119862119862119862119862119882119882
NREL | 29
AWT 3 Water Savings and Water Quality
Water Savings bull Measured CoC ranged from 51-144bull Measured 263 reduction in
makeup water (blowdown not measured)
Water Qualitybull Realized reduction in chiller
condenser tube foulingbull Elimination of scaling corrosion
inhibitor uses small amount of biocide
bull ORP of 194 GSA range gt 300
Month
2017 Cooling Tower
Makeup (GalMon)
2014 Weather
Normalized Baseline
Water (GalMon)
1-Jan 928 01-Feb 15042 183011-Mar 46706 545561-Apr 52254 663501-May 54904 1075431-Jun 282322 3754191-Jul 398206 506684
1-Aug 298039 4451161-Sep 190375 2757491-Oct 61146 1086231-Nov 35554 449301-Dec 40005 0
Totals 1475482 2003273
NREL | 30
AWT 3 Economics
bull Installed costs higher than normal due to Fed Gov added factors and side stream filtration
bull OampM costs decreased due to reduce chemical usage staff time
bull Local rebates would have offset ~50 of installed cost if Fed Center was not on one master water meter
BaselineTested
Technology (After)1
Difference w Local
Sewer+Water Rate
($714kGal)
Difference w GSA Avg Water Rate
$1676kGal(Before)
Installation3 NA $21125 $21125 $21125 Annual Maintenance $5855yr $3333yr $2522yr $2522yr
Annual Water Consumption (Gallonsyr)
2003273 1475482 527791 527791
Annual Water Costs$14303 $10535 $3768 $8846($yr)
Simple Payback yrs 34 19Savings-to-
Investment RatioInteger value between 0
and 10060 108
NREL | 31
AWT 3 Energy Modeling
bull Energy Plus Commercial Building Reference Modelbull Post 1980 construction Large office building
498588 ft2
bull Modeled 3 CoC baseline 10 CoC 15 CoC
NREL | 32
AWT 3 Energy Modeling
bull Modeled water rates for each citybull Water rates vary significantly by city cities with
highest rates had highest savings
NREL | 33
AWT 3 Energy Modeling
bull Calculated SIR per location as a function of water rate (SIRgt1)
bull Used for high cost case of $25000
bull Does not include OampM cost savings
NREL | 34
AWT4 Technology Description
Scale controlElectro-catalytic process accelerates scale formation in the reactorsScale is easily removed from reactors
Expected Performancebull Blowdown water (and sewer) savings of 25-95 (CoC 30 or more)bull Elimination of chemicalsbull Energy savings ndash depending on the amount of scale in the baseline case
Corrosion controlMaintains balanced pH and mineral content to minimize corrosion
Biological Growth controlForms HOCl and Cl2 from the chlorides in the water for biocides
Dynamic Water Technologies amp Universal Environmental Technologiesbull Chemical free electrolysis
UET reactor skid
NREL | 35
AWT 4 Facility Description
Test site 1bull 240000 ft2 federal office building Savannah GAbull 2 250-ton chillers and 2 cooling towersbull 1 UET reactor skidbull Test period June ndash October 2017
Test site 2bull 530000 ft2 office building Los Angeles CAbull 2 800-ton and 2-500 ton chillers and 4 cooling towersbull 2 UET reactor skidsbull Test period June ndash October 2018 (ongoing)
NREL | 36
AWT 4 Water Savings and Water Quality
Water Savings bull Measured CoC gt 30bull Measured 98 reduction in
blowdownbull gt 1 million gal saved annually
Water Qualitybull No measured reduction in scaling bull Noticeable reduction in biological
growth and cleaning requirementsbull Observational improvements in
water qualitybull DWT maintains a high conductivity
setting (6000)
Scale removal from reactor cores
NREL | 37
AWT 4 Test Site 1 Results
Economic ParameterLocal Water
Rate $664kGal
GSA Avg Water Rate $1676kGal
Initial Cost ($) $59369 $59369 Cooling Tower Size (tons) 500 500Water Savings (Galyr) 1003300 1003300Water and Sewer Cost Savings ($yr) $6662 $16816 Annual Increase in OampM ($yr) ($720) ($720) Simple Payback with OampM (yrs) 10 37Savings to Investment Ratio 20 54
bull Installed costs higher than normal due to tech demo costs and Fed Gov added factors
bull Revised cost used in analysis
bull OampM costs increased slightly with annual service contract
NREL | 38
AWT4 Test Site 2 Results
bull Baseline period completebull DWT-UET system start up on 792018bull Expected testing through October 2018
Questions
michaelderunrelgov
jessedeannrelgov
Thank You
- Slide Number 1
- Cooling Tower Water Management Best Practices
- HVAC Research Team Call
- Cooling Tower Basics
- Balancing Cooling Tower Water Quality
- Cooling Tower Cycles of Concentration
- Corrosion vs Scale
- Genetic Biological Sampling
- Technology Testing Programs
- Emerging Technology Framework
- GSA Green Proving Ground Objectives
- Communicating MampV Outcomes from GSA Test Beds
- Technologies Tested by GPG with Published Results
- General AWT MampV Framework
- GSA Required Cooling Tower Water Quality
- AWT 1 Technology Description
- AWT 1 Facility Description
- AWT 1 Water Savings and Water Quality
- AWT 1 Economics
- AWT 2 Technology Description
- AWT 2 Facility Description
- AWT 2 Water Savings and Water Quality
- AWT 2 Economics
- Additional AWT 1 and 2 Deployments
- AWT 3 Technology Description
- AWT 3 Facility Description
- AWT 3 Performance Objectives
- AWT Regression Modeling
- AWT 3 Water Savings and Water Quality
- AWT 3 Economics
- AWT 3 Energy Modeling
- AWT 3 Energy Modeling
- AWT 3 Energy Modeling
- AWT4 Technology Description
- AWT 4 Facility Description
- AWT 4 Water Savings and Water Quality
- AWT 4 Test Site 1 Results
- AWT4 Test Site 2 Results
- Questions
- Thank You
-
Balancing Cooling Tower Water Quality
Scale
Corrosion Biological Growth
ScaleBad Reduce heat transfer plug orifices sites for corrosion or bacteria growthGood Small amounts can reduce corrosionControl Scale inhibitors remove minerals balanced chemistry blowdown
CorrosionBad Corrosion sites for biological growthGood NoneControl Corrosion inhibitors balanced chemistry
Biological GrowthBad Potential health hazard reduce heat transfer plug orifices biocorrosion sites for corrosion or scaleGood NoneControl Biocides balanced chemistry reduce light blowdown
Challenging to maintain balanced
water chemistry
Cooling Tower Cycles of Concentration
Cycle of Concentration (CoC) ndashRatio of concentration in dissolved solids blowdown vs makeup water Typical CoC ndash 25 to 7At a CoC of 3 around 33 of
cooling tower water make up is wasted as blowdown
Realize lions share of savings from CoC of 3 to CoC of 10 savings level off after CoC of 15
Corrosion vs Scale
Analyzed 2-15 years of data from 8 CTs Most CTs maintained in a
moderate to high scale condition Ryznar and Langelier
Saturation indices predict the balance between scale and corrosion potentials
Ideal range
Genetic Biological Sampling Tested 9 towers in Denver CO area Significant growth in 8 towersNo negative health concernsNo Legionella Bio-corrosion bacteria in 7 towers
Unique Bacteria Genus
Sites Containing Genus
Acinetobacter 2Aeromonas 4Alishewanella 1Arthrobacter 2Bacillus 4Chryseobacgerium 3Delftia 1Flavobacterium 2Halomonas 1Pseudomonas 7Rheinheimera 3Shewanella 3Stenotrophomonas 2
Technology Testing Programs
Department of Energy High Impact Technology (HIT) Catalystbull 14 technology tests available with several more coming
General Services Administration GSA Proving Grounds (GPG)bull 34 reports 23 technologies 14 technologies deployed
Department of Defense Environmental Security Technology Certification Program (ESTCP)
bull Many technologies
NREL | 10
Emerging Technology Framework
Reference httpswwwgsagovgovernmentwide-initiativessustainabilityemerging-building-technologiesabout-gsarsquos-proving-ground-gpg
NREL | 11
GSA Green Proving Ground Objectives
Identify promising technologies at the edge of commercialization
Pilot technology installations within GSArsquos real estate portfolio
Recommend technologies with broad deployment potential for GSA
Partner with Department of Energy national laboratories to objectively evaluate real-world performance
Reference httpswwwgsagovgovernmentwide-initiativessustainabilityemerging-building-technologiesabout-gsarsquos-proving-ground-gpg
NREL | 12
Communicating MampV Outcomes from GSA Test Beds
Technical report 4-page Findings Infographic Webinar Series
Reference httpswwwgsagovgovernmentwide-initiativessustainabilityemerging-building-technologiesabout-gsarsquos-proving-ground-gpg
NREL | 13
Technologies Tested by GPG with Published Results
Variable-Speed Maglev Chiller
Variable-speed Direct-drive Screw
Chiller
LED Fixtures with Integrated Controls
High-R Window Panel Retrofits
Occupant Responsive Lighting
Condensing Boilers Photovoltaics
PV GuidanceThermochromic amp
Electrochromic Windows
Integrated Daylighting Systems
Photovoltaic-Thermal System
Vacuum Insulated Panels for Roofing
Wood-Pellet-Fired Biomass
BoilerSolar Control Films
Weather Station for Irrigation Control
Non-Chemical Prevention of Hard
Water Scale
Wireless Advanced Lighting Controls
Electrochromic (EC) Windows for LPOEs
Honeycomb Solar Thermal
Collector
Control Optimization
System for Chiller Plants
EC Windows with Dynamic Controls for
General Office Space
Synchronous amp Cogged Fan Belts
Multi-staged Indirect
Evaporative Cooler
Wireless Pneumatic
Thermostats
Advanced Power Strips
Wireless Sensor Networks
Socially Driven HVAC Optimization
Variable Refrigerant Flow
Smart Ceiling Fans
Wireless Soil Moisture Sensors
for Irrigation Control
Broad Deployment Potential for GSA
LED Downlight Lamps for CFL
Fixtures
Linear LED Lighting Retrofits
Low-e Window Films
Building Envelope
HVAC Lighting Energy Management
Water On-Site Renewables
NREL | 14
General AWT MampV Framework
Typical MampV Pointsbull Condenser water supply and return
temperatures (degF)bull Condenser water pump status
(ONOFF) bull Cooling tower fan status (ONOFF)bull Chiller water supply and return
temperatures (degF)bull Chiller status (ONOFF) bull Outdoor air temperature (degF) and
humidity ()bull Cooling Tower Make Up Water meter
(Gal)bull Blowdown Water Meter (Gal)bull Chiller Plant Electrical Meter (kWh)
Primary Objective Measure cooling tower water savings measured in galton-hr
Conceptual model of the AWTs (Credit Joelynn Schroeder NREL)
NREL | 15
GSA Required Cooling Tower Water Quality
bull Water quality was tracked on monthly basis to ensure compliance with GSA Acceptable Ranges
bull Additional biological testing was conducted by NREL
Test Acceptable Ranges
T alkalinity (ppm) 100 - 1000pH 73 ndash 90
Chloride (ppm) 10 - 500Cycles gt2
Total Hardness (ppm) 500 - 1500Phosphate (ppm) 43327
Conductivity (mmHos) lt2400Bacteria Count (cfu) lt80000Water Appearance Clear
Iron (ppm) lt4Calcium Hardness (ppm) lt500
Magnesium Hardness (ppm) lt100Chlorides (ppm) lt250
Salt (ppm) lt410Sulfates (ppm) lt250
Silica (ppm) lt150ORP (mV) gt300
90-day Copper Coupon (mpy) lt0290-day Mild Steel Coupon (mpy) lt390-day Galvanized Steel (mpy) lt4
90-day Stainless Steel (mpy) lt01
NREL | 16
AWT 1 Technology Description
Terlyn Water Treatmentbull Uses a very strong scale
inhibitor new PLC controller side stream crushed glass media filter
bull Controller set 13-18 CoCrsquos based on TDS
bull Filter is backwashed for 30 seconds once a day using 300 gallonsday
Representative diagram of system design for Building 67 (Credit Joelynn Schroeder NREL)
Manufacturer Reference httpwwwterlyncom
NREL | 17
AWT 1 Facility Description
Building Locationbull Denver Federal Centerbull Building 67
Building Factsbull 342722 ft2 Office buildingbull 1200 occupants
Cooling Systembull (1) 900-ton chiller (1) 450-ton chillerbull (2) 600-ton cooling towersbull (1) flat plat heat-exchanger
NREL | 18
AWT 1 Water Savings and Water Quality
Water Savings bull Measured CoC ranged from 13-18bull Measured 94 reduction in blowdown
Water Qualitybull Realized significant reduction in scaling
ndash Increased run time of tower free cooling 6 F reduction in set point
bull Observational improvements in water qualitybull Conductivity (microsiemens) Control Range lt2400 maintained =
2540 - 7000 (5 - 290 outside range)
NREL | 19
AWT 1 Economics
bull Installed costs higher than normal due to Fed Gov added factors and side stream filtration
bull OampM costs increased due to increased scaling chemical costs and side stream filtration OampM
bull Local rebates would have offset ~50 of installed cost if Fed Center was not on one master water meter
Economic Parameter
Building 67 (AWT 2) at Local Water
Rate $714kGal
Building 67 (AWT 2) at
GSA Avg Water Rate $1676kGal
Initial Cost ($) $39900 $39900 Cooling Tower Size (tons) 1200 1200Water Savings (Galyr) 824448 824448Water and Sewer Cost Savings ($yr) $5887 $13818 Annual Increase in OampM ($yr) $3300 $3300 Simple Payback with OampM (yrs) 154 38Savings to Investment Ratio 13 53
NREL | 20
AWT 2 Technology Description
Water Conservation Technology International bull Salt based water softening
system to remove hardnessndash Polyethylene regeneration
tank and brine tankbull No need for corrosion or scale
inhibitor very little biocidebull Regeneration uses 70 gallons 2-
3 timesweek in summer 1 timeweek spring fall
Representative diagram of system layout for Building 25 (Credit Joelynn Schroeder NREL)
Manufacturer Reference httpswwwwater-cticomtechnologyhtml
NREL | 21
AWT 2 Facility Description
Building Locationbull Denver Federal Centerbull Building 25
Building Factsbull 360797 square feet ft2 office lab buildingbull 425 occupants
Cooling Systembull (2) 500-ton chillersbull (3) 500-ton cooling towersbull (1) flat plate heat-exchange
AWT 2 Regeneration and Brine Tank
AWT 2 Controller
NREL | 22
AWT 2 Water Savings and Water Quality
Water Savings bull Measured CoC ranged from 12-80bull Measured 99 reduction in blowdown
Water Qualitybull Realized significant reduction in OampMbull Increased run time of tower free coolingbull Observational improvements in water qualitybull Conductivity (microsiemens) Control range
lt2400 maintained = 8700 - 20000 (300 -800 outside range)
bull pH value Control range = 73ndash90 maintained = 96ndash102 (up to 13 outside range)
bull ldquoMrdquo Alkalinity (as CaCO3) Control range = 100ndash1000 ppm maintained = 1680 ndash 3004 (68 - 300 outside range)
Month 2012 2013Jan 5497 8830Feb 13421 6491Mar 3830 7836Apr 21667 18275May 25117 26930Jun 50585 40409Jul 73187 76667
Aug 62193 82485Sep 48304 73088Oct 35643 59251Nov 15175 26608Dec 12018 8830
Totals 366637 435702
Monthly Water Savings
NREL | 23
AWT 2 Economics
bull Installed costs higher than normal due to Fed Gov added factors and side stream filtration
bull OampM costs decreased due to reduce chemical usage staff time
bull Local rebates would have offset ~50 of installed cost if Fed Center was not on one master water meter
Economic Parameter
Building 25 (AWT 1) at Local Water
Rate $714kGal
Building 25 (AWT 1) at
GSA Avg Water Rate $1676kGal
Initial Cost ($) $29600 $29600 Cooling Tower Size (tons) 1500 1500Water Savings (Galyr) 401170 401170Water and Sewer Cost Savings ($yr) $2864 $6724
Annual Increase in OampM ($yr) ($2768) ($2768)Simple Payback with OampM (yrs) 53 31Savings to Investment Ratio 38 65
NREL | 24
Additional AWT 1 and 2 Deployments
Denver Federal Center Facility
AWT System Date Installed
Cooling Tower
Size (Tons)
Installed Cost ($)
Annual Water
Savings (Galyr)
Annual Water
Savings ($)
Annual Increas
e in OampM ($yr)
Total Annual
Cost Savings ($yr)
Simple Payback
(yrs)
Bldg20 AWT Technology 1 Nov-16 600 $31057 718597 $5131 ($2768
) $7899 39
Bldg41 AWT Technology 1 Jan-17 1000 $36976 180992
1 $12923 ($2768)
$15691 24
Bldg 85 AWT Technology 2 Jan-14 500 $8756 62450 $446 $1000 ($554) -158
Bldg56 AWT Technology 2 Jan-15 1000 $28557 661160 $4721 $2200 $2521 113
Bldg 810 AWT Technology 2 Jun-14 2 x 500 $31047 113145
0 $8079 $3300 $4779 65
Bldg810 USDA
AWT Technology 2 Mar-16 3 x 500 $31047 104800
0 $7483 $3300 $4183 74
NREL | 25
AWT 3 Technology Description
Silverbulletbull Uses a combination of ozone (O3)
hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) andor UV lights to generate highly reactive hydroxyl (OHbull) and oxygen free radicals
bull Air tube is ran into cooling tower basin and pumps AOP treated air into cooling tower basin
bull Elimination of scale inhibitor corrosion inhibitor potential elimination of biocide
Silver Bullet Interior Cabinet
Manufacturer Reference httpwwwsilverbulletcorpcomcommercial-cooling
NREL | 26
AWT 3 Facility Description
Building Locationbull Denver Federal Centerbull Building 95
Building Factsbull 163206 ft2 two-story bull Office laboratory building
Cooling Systembull (2) 250-ton water-cooled centrifugal
chillers bull (2) induced draft cooling tower
Silver Bullet Interior Cabinet
NREL | 27
AWT 3 Performance Objectives
Quantitative Objectives
Success Criteria Metrics amp Data MampV Results
Water Savingsgt10 reduction in cooling tower water makeup (galton-hr)
- Cooling tower makeup water- Chiller plant energy usage- Outside air conditions
Met Annual water savings 227 to 297
Reduction in Chemical Costs
gt90 reduction in annual chemical costs
-Pre- and post- annual chemical costs
Met Elimination of all chemicals other than biocides
Water ChemistryMeets or exceeds GSA cooling tower water chemistry requirements
- Pre- and post- water chemistry reports
Met GSA water chemistry requirements
Cost EffectivenessSimple payback Savings to Investment ratio (SIR)
- Payback lt 10 years SIRgt 1Met SPP of 34 yrs SIR of 6
Qualitative Objectives
Success Criteria Metrics amp Data MampV Results
Ease of Installation
Less than 2-day installation time
Labor hours to install technology
Met Less than 1 day to install
NREL | 28
AWT Regression Modeling
Baseline Daily Cooling Tower Makeup Water Regression
119862119862119862119862119862119862119862119862119862119862119862119862119862119862 119879119879119862119862119879119879119879119879119879119879 119872119872119872119872119872119872119879119879119872119872119872119872 119882119882119872119872119882119882119879119879119879119879= 1198881198880 + 1198881198881 119882119882119882119882119882119882_119882119882119882119882119882119882119882119882 + 1198881198882 119862119862119862119862119862119862119879119879119879119879119862119862119862119862 + 1198881198883 119862119862119882119882119879119879119879119879119872119872119862119862119862119862119862119862119882119882+ 1198881198884 1198621198621198621198621198621198621198791198791198791198791198621198621198621198622 + 1198881198885 119862119862119862119862119862119862119879119879119879119879119862119862119862119862 119862119862119882119882119879119879119879119879119872119872119862119862119862119862119862119862119882119882
NREL | 29
AWT 3 Water Savings and Water Quality
Water Savings bull Measured CoC ranged from 51-144bull Measured 263 reduction in
makeup water (blowdown not measured)
Water Qualitybull Realized reduction in chiller
condenser tube foulingbull Elimination of scaling corrosion
inhibitor uses small amount of biocide
bull ORP of 194 GSA range gt 300
Month
2017 Cooling Tower
Makeup (GalMon)
2014 Weather
Normalized Baseline
Water (GalMon)
1-Jan 928 01-Feb 15042 183011-Mar 46706 545561-Apr 52254 663501-May 54904 1075431-Jun 282322 3754191-Jul 398206 506684
1-Aug 298039 4451161-Sep 190375 2757491-Oct 61146 1086231-Nov 35554 449301-Dec 40005 0
Totals 1475482 2003273
NREL | 30
AWT 3 Economics
bull Installed costs higher than normal due to Fed Gov added factors and side stream filtration
bull OampM costs decreased due to reduce chemical usage staff time
bull Local rebates would have offset ~50 of installed cost if Fed Center was not on one master water meter
BaselineTested
Technology (After)1
Difference w Local
Sewer+Water Rate
($714kGal)
Difference w GSA Avg Water Rate
$1676kGal(Before)
Installation3 NA $21125 $21125 $21125 Annual Maintenance $5855yr $3333yr $2522yr $2522yr
Annual Water Consumption (Gallonsyr)
2003273 1475482 527791 527791
Annual Water Costs$14303 $10535 $3768 $8846($yr)
Simple Payback yrs 34 19Savings-to-
Investment RatioInteger value between 0
and 10060 108
NREL | 31
AWT 3 Energy Modeling
bull Energy Plus Commercial Building Reference Modelbull Post 1980 construction Large office building
498588 ft2
bull Modeled 3 CoC baseline 10 CoC 15 CoC
NREL | 32
AWT 3 Energy Modeling
bull Modeled water rates for each citybull Water rates vary significantly by city cities with
highest rates had highest savings
NREL | 33
AWT 3 Energy Modeling
bull Calculated SIR per location as a function of water rate (SIRgt1)
bull Used for high cost case of $25000
bull Does not include OampM cost savings
NREL | 34
AWT4 Technology Description
Scale controlElectro-catalytic process accelerates scale formation in the reactorsScale is easily removed from reactors
Expected Performancebull Blowdown water (and sewer) savings of 25-95 (CoC 30 or more)bull Elimination of chemicalsbull Energy savings ndash depending on the amount of scale in the baseline case
Corrosion controlMaintains balanced pH and mineral content to minimize corrosion
Biological Growth controlForms HOCl and Cl2 from the chlorides in the water for biocides
Dynamic Water Technologies amp Universal Environmental Technologiesbull Chemical free electrolysis
UET reactor skid
NREL | 35
AWT 4 Facility Description
Test site 1bull 240000 ft2 federal office building Savannah GAbull 2 250-ton chillers and 2 cooling towersbull 1 UET reactor skidbull Test period June ndash October 2017
Test site 2bull 530000 ft2 office building Los Angeles CAbull 2 800-ton and 2-500 ton chillers and 4 cooling towersbull 2 UET reactor skidsbull Test period June ndash October 2018 (ongoing)
NREL | 36
AWT 4 Water Savings and Water Quality
Water Savings bull Measured CoC gt 30bull Measured 98 reduction in
blowdownbull gt 1 million gal saved annually
Water Qualitybull No measured reduction in scaling bull Noticeable reduction in biological
growth and cleaning requirementsbull Observational improvements in
water qualitybull DWT maintains a high conductivity
setting (6000)
Scale removal from reactor cores
NREL | 37
AWT 4 Test Site 1 Results
Economic ParameterLocal Water
Rate $664kGal
GSA Avg Water Rate $1676kGal
Initial Cost ($) $59369 $59369 Cooling Tower Size (tons) 500 500Water Savings (Galyr) 1003300 1003300Water and Sewer Cost Savings ($yr) $6662 $16816 Annual Increase in OampM ($yr) ($720) ($720) Simple Payback with OampM (yrs) 10 37Savings to Investment Ratio 20 54
bull Installed costs higher than normal due to tech demo costs and Fed Gov added factors
bull Revised cost used in analysis
bull OampM costs increased slightly with annual service contract
NREL | 38
AWT4 Test Site 2 Results
bull Baseline period completebull DWT-UET system start up on 792018bull Expected testing through October 2018
Questions
michaelderunrelgov
jessedeannrelgov
Thank You
- Slide Number 1
- Cooling Tower Water Management Best Practices
- HVAC Research Team Call
- Cooling Tower Basics
- Balancing Cooling Tower Water Quality
- Cooling Tower Cycles of Concentration
- Corrosion vs Scale
- Genetic Biological Sampling
- Technology Testing Programs
- Emerging Technology Framework
- GSA Green Proving Ground Objectives
- Communicating MampV Outcomes from GSA Test Beds
- Technologies Tested by GPG with Published Results
- General AWT MampV Framework
- GSA Required Cooling Tower Water Quality
- AWT 1 Technology Description
- AWT 1 Facility Description
- AWT 1 Water Savings and Water Quality
- AWT 1 Economics
- AWT 2 Technology Description
- AWT 2 Facility Description
- AWT 2 Water Savings and Water Quality
- AWT 2 Economics
- Additional AWT 1 and 2 Deployments
- AWT 3 Technology Description
- AWT 3 Facility Description
- AWT 3 Performance Objectives
- AWT Regression Modeling
- AWT 3 Water Savings and Water Quality
- AWT 3 Economics
- AWT 3 Energy Modeling
- AWT 3 Energy Modeling
- AWT 3 Energy Modeling
- AWT4 Technology Description
- AWT 4 Facility Description
- AWT 4 Water Savings and Water Quality
- AWT 4 Test Site 1 Results
- AWT4 Test Site 2 Results
- Questions
- Thank You
-
Cooling Tower Cycles of Concentration
Cycle of Concentration (CoC) ndashRatio of concentration in dissolved solids blowdown vs makeup water Typical CoC ndash 25 to 7At a CoC of 3 around 33 of
cooling tower water make up is wasted as blowdown
Realize lions share of savings from CoC of 3 to CoC of 10 savings level off after CoC of 15
Corrosion vs Scale
Analyzed 2-15 years of data from 8 CTs Most CTs maintained in a
moderate to high scale condition Ryznar and Langelier
Saturation indices predict the balance between scale and corrosion potentials
Ideal range
Genetic Biological Sampling Tested 9 towers in Denver CO area Significant growth in 8 towersNo negative health concernsNo Legionella Bio-corrosion bacteria in 7 towers
Unique Bacteria Genus
Sites Containing Genus
Acinetobacter 2Aeromonas 4Alishewanella 1Arthrobacter 2Bacillus 4Chryseobacgerium 3Delftia 1Flavobacterium 2Halomonas 1Pseudomonas 7Rheinheimera 3Shewanella 3Stenotrophomonas 2
Technology Testing Programs
Department of Energy High Impact Technology (HIT) Catalystbull 14 technology tests available with several more coming
General Services Administration GSA Proving Grounds (GPG)bull 34 reports 23 technologies 14 technologies deployed
Department of Defense Environmental Security Technology Certification Program (ESTCP)
bull Many technologies
NREL | 10
Emerging Technology Framework
Reference httpswwwgsagovgovernmentwide-initiativessustainabilityemerging-building-technologiesabout-gsarsquos-proving-ground-gpg
NREL | 11
GSA Green Proving Ground Objectives
Identify promising technologies at the edge of commercialization
Pilot technology installations within GSArsquos real estate portfolio
Recommend technologies with broad deployment potential for GSA
Partner with Department of Energy national laboratories to objectively evaluate real-world performance
Reference httpswwwgsagovgovernmentwide-initiativessustainabilityemerging-building-technologiesabout-gsarsquos-proving-ground-gpg
NREL | 12
Communicating MampV Outcomes from GSA Test Beds
Technical report 4-page Findings Infographic Webinar Series
Reference httpswwwgsagovgovernmentwide-initiativessustainabilityemerging-building-technologiesabout-gsarsquos-proving-ground-gpg
NREL | 13
Technologies Tested by GPG with Published Results
Variable-Speed Maglev Chiller
Variable-speed Direct-drive Screw
Chiller
LED Fixtures with Integrated Controls
High-R Window Panel Retrofits
Occupant Responsive Lighting
Condensing Boilers Photovoltaics
PV GuidanceThermochromic amp
Electrochromic Windows
Integrated Daylighting Systems
Photovoltaic-Thermal System
Vacuum Insulated Panels for Roofing
Wood-Pellet-Fired Biomass
BoilerSolar Control Films
Weather Station for Irrigation Control
Non-Chemical Prevention of Hard
Water Scale
Wireless Advanced Lighting Controls
Electrochromic (EC) Windows for LPOEs
Honeycomb Solar Thermal
Collector
Control Optimization
System for Chiller Plants
EC Windows with Dynamic Controls for
General Office Space
Synchronous amp Cogged Fan Belts
Multi-staged Indirect
Evaporative Cooler
Wireless Pneumatic
Thermostats
Advanced Power Strips
Wireless Sensor Networks
Socially Driven HVAC Optimization
Variable Refrigerant Flow
Smart Ceiling Fans
Wireless Soil Moisture Sensors
for Irrigation Control
Broad Deployment Potential for GSA
LED Downlight Lamps for CFL
Fixtures
Linear LED Lighting Retrofits
Low-e Window Films
Building Envelope
HVAC Lighting Energy Management
Water On-Site Renewables
NREL | 14
General AWT MampV Framework
Typical MampV Pointsbull Condenser water supply and return
temperatures (degF)bull Condenser water pump status
(ONOFF) bull Cooling tower fan status (ONOFF)bull Chiller water supply and return
temperatures (degF)bull Chiller status (ONOFF) bull Outdoor air temperature (degF) and
humidity ()bull Cooling Tower Make Up Water meter
(Gal)bull Blowdown Water Meter (Gal)bull Chiller Plant Electrical Meter (kWh)
Primary Objective Measure cooling tower water savings measured in galton-hr
Conceptual model of the AWTs (Credit Joelynn Schroeder NREL)
NREL | 15
GSA Required Cooling Tower Water Quality
bull Water quality was tracked on monthly basis to ensure compliance with GSA Acceptable Ranges
bull Additional biological testing was conducted by NREL
Test Acceptable Ranges
T alkalinity (ppm) 100 - 1000pH 73 ndash 90
Chloride (ppm) 10 - 500Cycles gt2
Total Hardness (ppm) 500 - 1500Phosphate (ppm) 43327
Conductivity (mmHos) lt2400Bacteria Count (cfu) lt80000Water Appearance Clear
Iron (ppm) lt4Calcium Hardness (ppm) lt500
Magnesium Hardness (ppm) lt100Chlorides (ppm) lt250
Salt (ppm) lt410Sulfates (ppm) lt250
Silica (ppm) lt150ORP (mV) gt300
90-day Copper Coupon (mpy) lt0290-day Mild Steel Coupon (mpy) lt390-day Galvanized Steel (mpy) lt4
90-day Stainless Steel (mpy) lt01
NREL | 16
AWT 1 Technology Description
Terlyn Water Treatmentbull Uses a very strong scale
inhibitor new PLC controller side stream crushed glass media filter
bull Controller set 13-18 CoCrsquos based on TDS
bull Filter is backwashed for 30 seconds once a day using 300 gallonsday
Representative diagram of system design for Building 67 (Credit Joelynn Schroeder NREL)
Manufacturer Reference httpwwwterlyncom
NREL | 17
AWT 1 Facility Description
Building Locationbull Denver Federal Centerbull Building 67
Building Factsbull 342722 ft2 Office buildingbull 1200 occupants
Cooling Systembull (1) 900-ton chiller (1) 450-ton chillerbull (2) 600-ton cooling towersbull (1) flat plat heat-exchanger
NREL | 18
AWT 1 Water Savings and Water Quality
Water Savings bull Measured CoC ranged from 13-18bull Measured 94 reduction in blowdown
Water Qualitybull Realized significant reduction in scaling
ndash Increased run time of tower free cooling 6 F reduction in set point
bull Observational improvements in water qualitybull Conductivity (microsiemens) Control Range lt2400 maintained =
2540 - 7000 (5 - 290 outside range)
NREL | 19
AWT 1 Economics
bull Installed costs higher than normal due to Fed Gov added factors and side stream filtration
bull OampM costs increased due to increased scaling chemical costs and side stream filtration OampM
bull Local rebates would have offset ~50 of installed cost if Fed Center was not on one master water meter
Economic Parameter
Building 67 (AWT 2) at Local Water
Rate $714kGal
Building 67 (AWT 2) at
GSA Avg Water Rate $1676kGal
Initial Cost ($) $39900 $39900 Cooling Tower Size (tons) 1200 1200Water Savings (Galyr) 824448 824448Water and Sewer Cost Savings ($yr) $5887 $13818 Annual Increase in OampM ($yr) $3300 $3300 Simple Payback with OampM (yrs) 154 38Savings to Investment Ratio 13 53
NREL | 20
AWT 2 Technology Description
Water Conservation Technology International bull Salt based water softening
system to remove hardnessndash Polyethylene regeneration
tank and brine tankbull No need for corrosion or scale
inhibitor very little biocidebull Regeneration uses 70 gallons 2-
3 timesweek in summer 1 timeweek spring fall
Representative diagram of system layout for Building 25 (Credit Joelynn Schroeder NREL)
Manufacturer Reference httpswwwwater-cticomtechnologyhtml
NREL | 21
AWT 2 Facility Description
Building Locationbull Denver Federal Centerbull Building 25
Building Factsbull 360797 square feet ft2 office lab buildingbull 425 occupants
Cooling Systembull (2) 500-ton chillersbull (3) 500-ton cooling towersbull (1) flat plate heat-exchange
AWT 2 Regeneration and Brine Tank
AWT 2 Controller
NREL | 22
AWT 2 Water Savings and Water Quality
Water Savings bull Measured CoC ranged from 12-80bull Measured 99 reduction in blowdown
Water Qualitybull Realized significant reduction in OampMbull Increased run time of tower free coolingbull Observational improvements in water qualitybull Conductivity (microsiemens) Control range
lt2400 maintained = 8700 - 20000 (300 -800 outside range)
bull pH value Control range = 73ndash90 maintained = 96ndash102 (up to 13 outside range)
bull ldquoMrdquo Alkalinity (as CaCO3) Control range = 100ndash1000 ppm maintained = 1680 ndash 3004 (68 - 300 outside range)
Month 2012 2013Jan 5497 8830Feb 13421 6491Mar 3830 7836Apr 21667 18275May 25117 26930Jun 50585 40409Jul 73187 76667
Aug 62193 82485Sep 48304 73088Oct 35643 59251Nov 15175 26608Dec 12018 8830
Totals 366637 435702
Monthly Water Savings
NREL | 23
AWT 2 Economics
bull Installed costs higher than normal due to Fed Gov added factors and side stream filtration
bull OampM costs decreased due to reduce chemical usage staff time
bull Local rebates would have offset ~50 of installed cost if Fed Center was not on one master water meter
Economic Parameter
Building 25 (AWT 1) at Local Water
Rate $714kGal
Building 25 (AWT 1) at
GSA Avg Water Rate $1676kGal
Initial Cost ($) $29600 $29600 Cooling Tower Size (tons) 1500 1500Water Savings (Galyr) 401170 401170Water and Sewer Cost Savings ($yr) $2864 $6724
Annual Increase in OampM ($yr) ($2768) ($2768)Simple Payback with OampM (yrs) 53 31Savings to Investment Ratio 38 65
NREL | 24
Additional AWT 1 and 2 Deployments
Denver Federal Center Facility
AWT System Date Installed
Cooling Tower
Size (Tons)
Installed Cost ($)
Annual Water
Savings (Galyr)
Annual Water
Savings ($)
Annual Increas
e in OampM ($yr)
Total Annual
Cost Savings ($yr)
Simple Payback
(yrs)
Bldg20 AWT Technology 1 Nov-16 600 $31057 718597 $5131 ($2768
) $7899 39
Bldg41 AWT Technology 1 Jan-17 1000 $36976 180992
1 $12923 ($2768)
$15691 24
Bldg 85 AWT Technology 2 Jan-14 500 $8756 62450 $446 $1000 ($554) -158
Bldg56 AWT Technology 2 Jan-15 1000 $28557 661160 $4721 $2200 $2521 113
Bldg 810 AWT Technology 2 Jun-14 2 x 500 $31047 113145
0 $8079 $3300 $4779 65
Bldg810 USDA
AWT Technology 2 Mar-16 3 x 500 $31047 104800
0 $7483 $3300 $4183 74
NREL | 25
AWT 3 Technology Description
Silverbulletbull Uses a combination of ozone (O3)
hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) andor UV lights to generate highly reactive hydroxyl (OHbull) and oxygen free radicals
bull Air tube is ran into cooling tower basin and pumps AOP treated air into cooling tower basin
bull Elimination of scale inhibitor corrosion inhibitor potential elimination of biocide
Silver Bullet Interior Cabinet
Manufacturer Reference httpwwwsilverbulletcorpcomcommercial-cooling
NREL | 26
AWT 3 Facility Description
Building Locationbull Denver Federal Centerbull Building 95
Building Factsbull 163206 ft2 two-story bull Office laboratory building
Cooling Systembull (2) 250-ton water-cooled centrifugal
chillers bull (2) induced draft cooling tower
Silver Bullet Interior Cabinet
NREL | 27
AWT 3 Performance Objectives
Quantitative Objectives
Success Criteria Metrics amp Data MampV Results
Water Savingsgt10 reduction in cooling tower water makeup (galton-hr)
- Cooling tower makeup water- Chiller plant energy usage- Outside air conditions
Met Annual water savings 227 to 297
Reduction in Chemical Costs
gt90 reduction in annual chemical costs
-Pre- and post- annual chemical costs
Met Elimination of all chemicals other than biocides
Water ChemistryMeets or exceeds GSA cooling tower water chemistry requirements
- Pre- and post- water chemistry reports
Met GSA water chemistry requirements
Cost EffectivenessSimple payback Savings to Investment ratio (SIR)
- Payback lt 10 years SIRgt 1Met SPP of 34 yrs SIR of 6
Qualitative Objectives
Success Criteria Metrics amp Data MampV Results
Ease of Installation
Less than 2-day installation time
Labor hours to install technology
Met Less than 1 day to install
NREL | 28
AWT Regression Modeling
Baseline Daily Cooling Tower Makeup Water Regression
119862119862119862119862119862119862119862119862119862119862119862119862119862119862 119879119879119862119862119879119879119879119879119879119879 119872119872119872119872119872119872119879119879119872119872119872119872 119882119882119872119872119882119882119879119879119879119879= 1198881198880 + 1198881198881 119882119882119882119882119882119882_119882119882119882119882119882119882119882119882 + 1198881198882 119862119862119862119862119862119862119879119879119879119879119862119862119862119862 + 1198881198883 119862119862119882119882119879119879119879119879119872119872119862119862119862119862119862119862119882119882+ 1198881198884 1198621198621198621198621198621198621198791198791198791198791198621198621198621198622 + 1198881198885 119862119862119862119862119862119862119879119879119879119879119862119862119862119862 119862119862119882119882119879119879119879119879119872119872119862119862119862119862119862119862119882119882
NREL | 29
AWT 3 Water Savings and Water Quality
Water Savings bull Measured CoC ranged from 51-144bull Measured 263 reduction in
makeup water (blowdown not measured)
Water Qualitybull Realized reduction in chiller
condenser tube foulingbull Elimination of scaling corrosion
inhibitor uses small amount of biocide
bull ORP of 194 GSA range gt 300
Month
2017 Cooling Tower
Makeup (GalMon)
2014 Weather
Normalized Baseline
Water (GalMon)
1-Jan 928 01-Feb 15042 183011-Mar 46706 545561-Apr 52254 663501-May 54904 1075431-Jun 282322 3754191-Jul 398206 506684
1-Aug 298039 4451161-Sep 190375 2757491-Oct 61146 1086231-Nov 35554 449301-Dec 40005 0
Totals 1475482 2003273
NREL | 30
AWT 3 Economics
bull Installed costs higher than normal due to Fed Gov added factors and side stream filtration
bull OampM costs decreased due to reduce chemical usage staff time
bull Local rebates would have offset ~50 of installed cost if Fed Center was not on one master water meter
BaselineTested
Technology (After)1
Difference w Local
Sewer+Water Rate
($714kGal)
Difference w GSA Avg Water Rate
$1676kGal(Before)
Installation3 NA $21125 $21125 $21125 Annual Maintenance $5855yr $3333yr $2522yr $2522yr
Annual Water Consumption (Gallonsyr)
2003273 1475482 527791 527791
Annual Water Costs$14303 $10535 $3768 $8846($yr)
Simple Payback yrs 34 19Savings-to-
Investment RatioInteger value between 0
and 10060 108
NREL | 31
AWT 3 Energy Modeling
bull Energy Plus Commercial Building Reference Modelbull Post 1980 construction Large office building
498588 ft2
bull Modeled 3 CoC baseline 10 CoC 15 CoC
NREL | 32
AWT 3 Energy Modeling
bull Modeled water rates for each citybull Water rates vary significantly by city cities with
highest rates had highest savings
NREL | 33
AWT 3 Energy Modeling
bull Calculated SIR per location as a function of water rate (SIRgt1)
bull Used for high cost case of $25000
bull Does not include OampM cost savings
NREL | 34
AWT4 Technology Description
Scale controlElectro-catalytic process accelerates scale formation in the reactorsScale is easily removed from reactors
Expected Performancebull Blowdown water (and sewer) savings of 25-95 (CoC 30 or more)bull Elimination of chemicalsbull Energy savings ndash depending on the amount of scale in the baseline case
Corrosion controlMaintains balanced pH and mineral content to minimize corrosion
Biological Growth controlForms HOCl and Cl2 from the chlorides in the water for biocides
Dynamic Water Technologies amp Universal Environmental Technologiesbull Chemical free electrolysis
UET reactor skid
NREL | 35
AWT 4 Facility Description
Test site 1bull 240000 ft2 federal office building Savannah GAbull 2 250-ton chillers and 2 cooling towersbull 1 UET reactor skidbull Test period June ndash October 2017
Test site 2bull 530000 ft2 office building Los Angeles CAbull 2 800-ton and 2-500 ton chillers and 4 cooling towersbull 2 UET reactor skidsbull Test period June ndash October 2018 (ongoing)
NREL | 36
AWT 4 Water Savings and Water Quality
Water Savings bull Measured CoC gt 30bull Measured 98 reduction in
blowdownbull gt 1 million gal saved annually
Water Qualitybull No measured reduction in scaling bull Noticeable reduction in biological
growth and cleaning requirementsbull Observational improvements in
water qualitybull DWT maintains a high conductivity
setting (6000)
Scale removal from reactor cores
NREL | 37
AWT 4 Test Site 1 Results
Economic ParameterLocal Water
Rate $664kGal
GSA Avg Water Rate $1676kGal
Initial Cost ($) $59369 $59369 Cooling Tower Size (tons) 500 500Water Savings (Galyr) 1003300 1003300Water and Sewer Cost Savings ($yr) $6662 $16816 Annual Increase in OampM ($yr) ($720) ($720) Simple Payback with OampM (yrs) 10 37Savings to Investment Ratio 20 54
bull Installed costs higher than normal due to tech demo costs and Fed Gov added factors
bull Revised cost used in analysis
bull OampM costs increased slightly with annual service contract
NREL | 38
AWT4 Test Site 2 Results
bull Baseline period completebull DWT-UET system start up on 792018bull Expected testing through October 2018
Questions
michaelderunrelgov
jessedeannrelgov
Thank You
- Slide Number 1
- Cooling Tower Water Management Best Practices
- HVAC Research Team Call
- Cooling Tower Basics
- Balancing Cooling Tower Water Quality
- Cooling Tower Cycles of Concentration
- Corrosion vs Scale
- Genetic Biological Sampling
- Technology Testing Programs
- Emerging Technology Framework
- GSA Green Proving Ground Objectives
- Communicating MampV Outcomes from GSA Test Beds
- Technologies Tested by GPG with Published Results
- General AWT MampV Framework
- GSA Required Cooling Tower Water Quality
- AWT 1 Technology Description
- AWT 1 Facility Description
- AWT 1 Water Savings and Water Quality
- AWT 1 Economics
- AWT 2 Technology Description
- AWT 2 Facility Description
- AWT 2 Water Savings and Water Quality
- AWT 2 Economics
- Additional AWT 1 and 2 Deployments
- AWT 3 Technology Description
- AWT 3 Facility Description
- AWT 3 Performance Objectives
- AWT Regression Modeling
- AWT 3 Water Savings and Water Quality
- AWT 3 Economics
- AWT 3 Energy Modeling
- AWT 3 Energy Modeling
- AWT 3 Energy Modeling
- AWT4 Technology Description
- AWT 4 Facility Description
- AWT 4 Water Savings and Water Quality
- AWT 4 Test Site 1 Results
- AWT4 Test Site 2 Results
- Questions
- Thank You
-
Corrosion vs Scale
Analyzed 2-15 years of data from 8 CTs Most CTs maintained in a
moderate to high scale condition Ryznar and Langelier
Saturation indices predict the balance between scale and corrosion potentials
Ideal range
Genetic Biological Sampling Tested 9 towers in Denver CO area Significant growth in 8 towersNo negative health concernsNo Legionella Bio-corrosion bacteria in 7 towers
Unique Bacteria Genus
Sites Containing Genus
Acinetobacter 2Aeromonas 4Alishewanella 1Arthrobacter 2Bacillus 4Chryseobacgerium 3Delftia 1Flavobacterium 2Halomonas 1Pseudomonas 7Rheinheimera 3Shewanella 3Stenotrophomonas 2
Technology Testing Programs
Department of Energy High Impact Technology (HIT) Catalystbull 14 technology tests available with several more coming
General Services Administration GSA Proving Grounds (GPG)bull 34 reports 23 technologies 14 technologies deployed
Department of Defense Environmental Security Technology Certification Program (ESTCP)
bull Many technologies
NREL | 10
Emerging Technology Framework
Reference httpswwwgsagovgovernmentwide-initiativessustainabilityemerging-building-technologiesabout-gsarsquos-proving-ground-gpg
NREL | 11
GSA Green Proving Ground Objectives
Identify promising technologies at the edge of commercialization
Pilot technology installations within GSArsquos real estate portfolio
Recommend technologies with broad deployment potential for GSA
Partner with Department of Energy national laboratories to objectively evaluate real-world performance
Reference httpswwwgsagovgovernmentwide-initiativessustainabilityemerging-building-technologiesabout-gsarsquos-proving-ground-gpg
NREL | 12
Communicating MampV Outcomes from GSA Test Beds
Technical report 4-page Findings Infographic Webinar Series
Reference httpswwwgsagovgovernmentwide-initiativessustainabilityemerging-building-technologiesabout-gsarsquos-proving-ground-gpg
NREL | 13
Technologies Tested by GPG with Published Results
Variable-Speed Maglev Chiller
Variable-speed Direct-drive Screw
Chiller
LED Fixtures with Integrated Controls
High-R Window Panel Retrofits
Occupant Responsive Lighting
Condensing Boilers Photovoltaics
PV GuidanceThermochromic amp
Electrochromic Windows
Integrated Daylighting Systems
Photovoltaic-Thermal System
Vacuum Insulated Panels for Roofing
Wood-Pellet-Fired Biomass
BoilerSolar Control Films
Weather Station for Irrigation Control
Non-Chemical Prevention of Hard
Water Scale
Wireless Advanced Lighting Controls
Electrochromic (EC) Windows for LPOEs
Honeycomb Solar Thermal
Collector
Control Optimization
System for Chiller Plants
EC Windows with Dynamic Controls for
General Office Space
Synchronous amp Cogged Fan Belts
Multi-staged Indirect
Evaporative Cooler
Wireless Pneumatic
Thermostats
Advanced Power Strips
Wireless Sensor Networks
Socially Driven HVAC Optimization
Variable Refrigerant Flow
Smart Ceiling Fans
Wireless Soil Moisture Sensors
for Irrigation Control
Broad Deployment Potential for GSA
LED Downlight Lamps for CFL
Fixtures
Linear LED Lighting Retrofits
Low-e Window Films
Building Envelope
HVAC Lighting Energy Management
Water On-Site Renewables
NREL | 14
General AWT MampV Framework
Typical MampV Pointsbull Condenser water supply and return
temperatures (degF)bull Condenser water pump status
(ONOFF) bull Cooling tower fan status (ONOFF)bull Chiller water supply and return
temperatures (degF)bull Chiller status (ONOFF) bull Outdoor air temperature (degF) and
humidity ()bull Cooling Tower Make Up Water meter
(Gal)bull Blowdown Water Meter (Gal)bull Chiller Plant Electrical Meter (kWh)
Primary Objective Measure cooling tower water savings measured in galton-hr
Conceptual model of the AWTs (Credit Joelynn Schroeder NREL)
NREL | 15
GSA Required Cooling Tower Water Quality
bull Water quality was tracked on monthly basis to ensure compliance with GSA Acceptable Ranges
bull Additional biological testing was conducted by NREL
Test Acceptable Ranges
T alkalinity (ppm) 100 - 1000pH 73 ndash 90
Chloride (ppm) 10 - 500Cycles gt2
Total Hardness (ppm) 500 - 1500Phosphate (ppm) 43327
Conductivity (mmHos) lt2400Bacteria Count (cfu) lt80000Water Appearance Clear
Iron (ppm) lt4Calcium Hardness (ppm) lt500
Magnesium Hardness (ppm) lt100Chlorides (ppm) lt250
Salt (ppm) lt410Sulfates (ppm) lt250
Silica (ppm) lt150ORP (mV) gt300
90-day Copper Coupon (mpy) lt0290-day Mild Steel Coupon (mpy) lt390-day Galvanized Steel (mpy) lt4
90-day Stainless Steel (mpy) lt01
NREL | 16
AWT 1 Technology Description
Terlyn Water Treatmentbull Uses a very strong scale
inhibitor new PLC controller side stream crushed glass media filter
bull Controller set 13-18 CoCrsquos based on TDS
bull Filter is backwashed for 30 seconds once a day using 300 gallonsday
Representative diagram of system design for Building 67 (Credit Joelynn Schroeder NREL)
Manufacturer Reference httpwwwterlyncom
NREL | 17
AWT 1 Facility Description
Building Locationbull Denver Federal Centerbull Building 67
Building Factsbull 342722 ft2 Office buildingbull 1200 occupants
Cooling Systembull (1) 900-ton chiller (1) 450-ton chillerbull (2) 600-ton cooling towersbull (1) flat plat heat-exchanger
NREL | 18
AWT 1 Water Savings and Water Quality
Water Savings bull Measured CoC ranged from 13-18bull Measured 94 reduction in blowdown
Water Qualitybull Realized significant reduction in scaling
ndash Increased run time of tower free cooling 6 F reduction in set point
bull Observational improvements in water qualitybull Conductivity (microsiemens) Control Range lt2400 maintained =
2540 - 7000 (5 - 290 outside range)
NREL | 19
AWT 1 Economics
bull Installed costs higher than normal due to Fed Gov added factors and side stream filtration
bull OampM costs increased due to increased scaling chemical costs and side stream filtration OampM
bull Local rebates would have offset ~50 of installed cost if Fed Center was not on one master water meter
Economic Parameter
Building 67 (AWT 2) at Local Water
Rate $714kGal
Building 67 (AWT 2) at
GSA Avg Water Rate $1676kGal
Initial Cost ($) $39900 $39900 Cooling Tower Size (tons) 1200 1200Water Savings (Galyr) 824448 824448Water and Sewer Cost Savings ($yr) $5887 $13818 Annual Increase in OampM ($yr) $3300 $3300 Simple Payback with OampM (yrs) 154 38Savings to Investment Ratio 13 53
NREL | 20
AWT 2 Technology Description
Water Conservation Technology International bull Salt based water softening
system to remove hardnessndash Polyethylene regeneration
tank and brine tankbull No need for corrosion or scale
inhibitor very little biocidebull Regeneration uses 70 gallons 2-
3 timesweek in summer 1 timeweek spring fall
Representative diagram of system layout for Building 25 (Credit Joelynn Schroeder NREL)
Manufacturer Reference httpswwwwater-cticomtechnologyhtml
NREL | 21
AWT 2 Facility Description
Building Locationbull Denver Federal Centerbull Building 25
Building Factsbull 360797 square feet ft2 office lab buildingbull 425 occupants
Cooling Systembull (2) 500-ton chillersbull (3) 500-ton cooling towersbull (1) flat plate heat-exchange
AWT 2 Regeneration and Brine Tank
AWT 2 Controller
NREL | 22
AWT 2 Water Savings and Water Quality
Water Savings bull Measured CoC ranged from 12-80bull Measured 99 reduction in blowdown
Water Qualitybull Realized significant reduction in OampMbull Increased run time of tower free coolingbull Observational improvements in water qualitybull Conductivity (microsiemens) Control range
lt2400 maintained = 8700 - 20000 (300 -800 outside range)
bull pH value Control range = 73ndash90 maintained = 96ndash102 (up to 13 outside range)
bull ldquoMrdquo Alkalinity (as CaCO3) Control range = 100ndash1000 ppm maintained = 1680 ndash 3004 (68 - 300 outside range)
Month 2012 2013Jan 5497 8830Feb 13421 6491Mar 3830 7836Apr 21667 18275May 25117 26930Jun 50585 40409Jul 73187 76667
Aug 62193 82485Sep 48304 73088Oct 35643 59251Nov 15175 26608Dec 12018 8830
Totals 366637 435702
Monthly Water Savings
NREL | 23
AWT 2 Economics
bull Installed costs higher than normal due to Fed Gov added factors and side stream filtration
bull OampM costs decreased due to reduce chemical usage staff time
bull Local rebates would have offset ~50 of installed cost if Fed Center was not on one master water meter
Economic Parameter
Building 25 (AWT 1) at Local Water
Rate $714kGal
Building 25 (AWT 1) at
GSA Avg Water Rate $1676kGal
Initial Cost ($) $29600 $29600 Cooling Tower Size (tons) 1500 1500Water Savings (Galyr) 401170 401170Water and Sewer Cost Savings ($yr) $2864 $6724
Annual Increase in OampM ($yr) ($2768) ($2768)Simple Payback with OampM (yrs) 53 31Savings to Investment Ratio 38 65
NREL | 24
Additional AWT 1 and 2 Deployments
Denver Federal Center Facility
AWT System Date Installed
Cooling Tower
Size (Tons)
Installed Cost ($)
Annual Water
Savings (Galyr)
Annual Water
Savings ($)
Annual Increas
e in OampM ($yr)
Total Annual
Cost Savings ($yr)
Simple Payback
(yrs)
Bldg20 AWT Technology 1 Nov-16 600 $31057 718597 $5131 ($2768
) $7899 39
Bldg41 AWT Technology 1 Jan-17 1000 $36976 180992
1 $12923 ($2768)
$15691 24
Bldg 85 AWT Technology 2 Jan-14 500 $8756 62450 $446 $1000 ($554) -158
Bldg56 AWT Technology 2 Jan-15 1000 $28557 661160 $4721 $2200 $2521 113
Bldg 810 AWT Technology 2 Jun-14 2 x 500 $31047 113145
0 $8079 $3300 $4779 65
Bldg810 USDA
AWT Technology 2 Mar-16 3 x 500 $31047 104800
0 $7483 $3300 $4183 74
NREL | 25
AWT 3 Technology Description
Silverbulletbull Uses a combination of ozone (O3)
hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) andor UV lights to generate highly reactive hydroxyl (OHbull) and oxygen free radicals
bull Air tube is ran into cooling tower basin and pumps AOP treated air into cooling tower basin
bull Elimination of scale inhibitor corrosion inhibitor potential elimination of biocide
Silver Bullet Interior Cabinet
Manufacturer Reference httpwwwsilverbulletcorpcomcommercial-cooling
NREL | 26
AWT 3 Facility Description
Building Locationbull Denver Federal Centerbull Building 95
Building Factsbull 163206 ft2 two-story bull Office laboratory building
Cooling Systembull (2) 250-ton water-cooled centrifugal
chillers bull (2) induced draft cooling tower
Silver Bullet Interior Cabinet
NREL | 27
AWT 3 Performance Objectives
Quantitative Objectives
Success Criteria Metrics amp Data MampV Results
Water Savingsgt10 reduction in cooling tower water makeup (galton-hr)
- Cooling tower makeup water- Chiller plant energy usage- Outside air conditions
Met Annual water savings 227 to 297
Reduction in Chemical Costs
gt90 reduction in annual chemical costs
-Pre- and post- annual chemical costs
Met Elimination of all chemicals other than biocides
Water ChemistryMeets or exceeds GSA cooling tower water chemistry requirements
- Pre- and post- water chemistry reports
Met GSA water chemistry requirements
Cost EffectivenessSimple payback Savings to Investment ratio (SIR)
- Payback lt 10 years SIRgt 1Met SPP of 34 yrs SIR of 6
Qualitative Objectives
Success Criteria Metrics amp Data MampV Results
Ease of Installation
Less than 2-day installation time
Labor hours to install technology
Met Less than 1 day to install
NREL | 28
AWT Regression Modeling
Baseline Daily Cooling Tower Makeup Water Regression
119862119862119862119862119862119862119862119862119862119862119862119862119862119862 119879119879119862119862119879119879119879119879119879119879 119872119872119872119872119872119872119879119879119872119872119872119872 119882119882119872119872119882119882119879119879119879119879= 1198881198880 + 1198881198881 119882119882119882119882119882119882_119882119882119882119882119882119882119882119882 + 1198881198882 119862119862119862119862119862119862119879119879119879119879119862119862119862119862 + 1198881198883 119862119862119882119882119879119879119879119879119872119872119862119862119862119862119862119862119882119882+ 1198881198884 1198621198621198621198621198621198621198791198791198791198791198621198621198621198622 + 1198881198885 119862119862119862119862119862119862119879119879119879119879119862119862119862119862 119862119862119882119882119879119879119879119879119872119872119862119862119862119862119862119862119882119882
NREL | 29
AWT 3 Water Savings and Water Quality
Water Savings bull Measured CoC ranged from 51-144bull Measured 263 reduction in
makeup water (blowdown not measured)
Water Qualitybull Realized reduction in chiller
condenser tube foulingbull Elimination of scaling corrosion
inhibitor uses small amount of biocide
bull ORP of 194 GSA range gt 300
Month
2017 Cooling Tower
Makeup (GalMon)
2014 Weather
Normalized Baseline
Water (GalMon)
1-Jan 928 01-Feb 15042 183011-Mar 46706 545561-Apr 52254 663501-May 54904 1075431-Jun 282322 3754191-Jul 398206 506684
1-Aug 298039 4451161-Sep 190375 2757491-Oct 61146 1086231-Nov 35554 449301-Dec 40005 0
Totals 1475482 2003273
NREL | 30
AWT 3 Economics
bull Installed costs higher than normal due to Fed Gov added factors and side stream filtration
bull OampM costs decreased due to reduce chemical usage staff time
bull Local rebates would have offset ~50 of installed cost if Fed Center was not on one master water meter
BaselineTested
Technology (After)1
Difference w Local
Sewer+Water Rate
($714kGal)
Difference w GSA Avg Water Rate
$1676kGal(Before)
Installation3 NA $21125 $21125 $21125 Annual Maintenance $5855yr $3333yr $2522yr $2522yr
Annual Water Consumption (Gallonsyr)
2003273 1475482 527791 527791
Annual Water Costs$14303 $10535 $3768 $8846($yr)
Simple Payback yrs 34 19Savings-to-
Investment RatioInteger value between 0
and 10060 108
NREL | 31
AWT 3 Energy Modeling
bull Energy Plus Commercial Building Reference Modelbull Post 1980 construction Large office building
498588 ft2
bull Modeled 3 CoC baseline 10 CoC 15 CoC
NREL | 32
AWT 3 Energy Modeling
bull Modeled water rates for each citybull Water rates vary significantly by city cities with
highest rates had highest savings
NREL | 33
AWT 3 Energy Modeling
bull Calculated SIR per location as a function of water rate (SIRgt1)
bull Used for high cost case of $25000
bull Does not include OampM cost savings
NREL | 34
AWT4 Technology Description
Scale controlElectro-catalytic process accelerates scale formation in the reactorsScale is easily removed from reactors
Expected Performancebull Blowdown water (and sewer) savings of 25-95 (CoC 30 or more)bull Elimination of chemicalsbull Energy savings ndash depending on the amount of scale in the baseline case
Corrosion controlMaintains balanced pH and mineral content to minimize corrosion
Biological Growth controlForms HOCl and Cl2 from the chlorides in the water for biocides
Dynamic Water Technologies amp Universal Environmental Technologiesbull Chemical free electrolysis
UET reactor skid
NREL | 35
AWT 4 Facility Description
Test site 1bull 240000 ft2 federal office building Savannah GAbull 2 250-ton chillers and 2 cooling towersbull 1 UET reactor skidbull Test period June ndash October 2017
Test site 2bull 530000 ft2 office building Los Angeles CAbull 2 800-ton and 2-500 ton chillers and 4 cooling towersbull 2 UET reactor skidsbull Test period June ndash October 2018 (ongoing)
NREL | 36
AWT 4 Water Savings and Water Quality
Water Savings bull Measured CoC gt 30bull Measured 98 reduction in
blowdownbull gt 1 million gal saved annually
Water Qualitybull No measured reduction in scaling bull Noticeable reduction in biological
growth and cleaning requirementsbull Observational improvements in
water qualitybull DWT maintains a high conductivity
setting (6000)
Scale removal from reactor cores
NREL | 37
AWT 4 Test Site 1 Results
Economic ParameterLocal Water
Rate $664kGal
GSA Avg Water Rate $1676kGal
Initial Cost ($) $59369 $59369 Cooling Tower Size (tons) 500 500Water Savings (Galyr) 1003300 1003300Water and Sewer Cost Savings ($yr) $6662 $16816 Annual Increase in OampM ($yr) ($720) ($720) Simple Payback with OampM (yrs) 10 37Savings to Investment Ratio 20 54
bull Installed costs higher than normal due to tech demo costs and Fed Gov added factors
bull Revised cost used in analysis
bull OampM costs increased slightly with annual service contract
NREL | 38
AWT4 Test Site 2 Results
bull Baseline period completebull DWT-UET system start up on 792018bull Expected testing through October 2018
Questions
michaelderunrelgov
jessedeannrelgov
Thank You
- Slide Number 1
- Cooling Tower Water Management Best Practices
- HVAC Research Team Call
- Cooling Tower Basics
- Balancing Cooling Tower Water Quality
- Cooling Tower Cycles of Concentration
- Corrosion vs Scale
- Genetic Biological Sampling
- Technology Testing Programs
- Emerging Technology Framework
- GSA Green Proving Ground Objectives
- Communicating MampV Outcomes from GSA Test Beds
- Technologies Tested by GPG with Published Results
- General AWT MampV Framework
- GSA Required Cooling Tower Water Quality
- AWT 1 Technology Description
- AWT 1 Facility Description
- AWT 1 Water Savings and Water Quality
- AWT 1 Economics
- AWT 2 Technology Description
- AWT 2 Facility Description
- AWT 2 Water Savings and Water Quality
- AWT 2 Economics
- Additional AWT 1 and 2 Deployments
- AWT 3 Technology Description
- AWT 3 Facility Description
- AWT 3 Performance Objectives
- AWT Regression Modeling
- AWT 3 Water Savings and Water Quality
- AWT 3 Economics
- AWT 3 Energy Modeling
- AWT 3 Energy Modeling
- AWT 3 Energy Modeling
- AWT4 Technology Description
- AWT 4 Facility Description
- AWT 4 Water Savings and Water Quality
- AWT 4 Test Site 1 Results
- AWT4 Test Site 2 Results
- Questions
- Thank You
-
Genetic Biological Sampling Tested 9 towers in Denver CO area Significant growth in 8 towersNo negative health concernsNo Legionella Bio-corrosion bacteria in 7 towers
Unique Bacteria Genus
Sites Containing Genus
Acinetobacter 2Aeromonas 4Alishewanella 1Arthrobacter 2Bacillus 4Chryseobacgerium 3Delftia 1Flavobacterium 2Halomonas 1Pseudomonas 7Rheinheimera 3Shewanella 3Stenotrophomonas 2
Technology Testing Programs
Department of Energy High Impact Technology (HIT) Catalystbull 14 technology tests available with several more coming
General Services Administration GSA Proving Grounds (GPG)bull 34 reports 23 technologies 14 technologies deployed
Department of Defense Environmental Security Technology Certification Program (ESTCP)
bull Many technologies
NREL | 10
Emerging Technology Framework
Reference httpswwwgsagovgovernmentwide-initiativessustainabilityemerging-building-technologiesabout-gsarsquos-proving-ground-gpg
NREL | 11
GSA Green Proving Ground Objectives
Identify promising technologies at the edge of commercialization
Pilot technology installations within GSArsquos real estate portfolio
Recommend technologies with broad deployment potential for GSA
Partner with Department of Energy national laboratories to objectively evaluate real-world performance
Reference httpswwwgsagovgovernmentwide-initiativessustainabilityemerging-building-technologiesabout-gsarsquos-proving-ground-gpg
NREL | 12
Communicating MampV Outcomes from GSA Test Beds
Technical report 4-page Findings Infographic Webinar Series
Reference httpswwwgsagovgovernmentwide-initiativessustainabilityemerging-building-technologiesabout-gsarsquos-proving-ground-gpg
NREL | 13
Technologies Tested by GPG with Published Results
Variable-Speed Maglev Chiller
Variable-speed Direct-drive Screw
Chiller
LED Fixtures with Integrated Controls
High-R Window Panel Retrofits
Occupant Responsive Lighting
Condensing Boilers Photovoltaics
PV GuidanceThermochromic amp
Electrochromic Windows
Integrated Daylighting Systems
Photovoltaic-Thermal System
Vacuum Insulated Panels for Roofing
Wood-Pellet-Fired Biomass
BoilerSolar Control Films
Weather Station for Irrigation Control
Non-Chemical Prevention of Hard
Water Scale
Wireless Advanced Lighting Controls
Electrochromic (EC) Windows for LPOEs
Honeycomb Solar Thermal
Collector
Control Optimization
System for Chiller Plants
EC Windows with Dynamic Controls for
General Office Space
Synchronous amp Cogged Fan Belts
Multi-staged Indirect
Evaporative Cooler
Wireless Pneumatic
Thermostats
Advanced Power Strips
Wireless Sensor Networks
Socially Driven HVAC Optimization
Variable Refrigerant Flow
Smart Ceiling Fans
Wireless Soil Moisture Sensors
for Irrigation Control
Broad Deployment Potential for GSA
LED Downlight Lamps for CFL
Fixtures
Linear LED Lighting Retrofits
Low-e Window Films
Building Envelope
HVAC Lighting Energy Management
Water On-Site Renewables
NREL | 14
General AWT MampV Framework
Typical MampV Pointsbull Condenser water supply and return
temperatures (degF)bull Condenser water pump status
(ONOFF) bull Cooling tower fan status (ONOFF)bull Chiller water supply and return
temperatures (degF)bull Chiller status (ONOFF) bull Outdoor air temperature (degF) and
humidity ()bull Cooling Tower Make Up Water meter
(Gal)bull Blowdown Water Meter (Gal)bull Chiller Plant Electrical Meter (kWh)
Primary Objective Measure cooling tower water savings measured in galton-hr
Conceptual model of the AWTs (Credit Joelynn Schroeder NREL)
NREL | 15
GSA Required Cooling Tower Water Quality
bull Water quality was tracked on monthly basis to ensure compliance with GSA Acceptable Ranges
bull Additional biological testing was conducted by NREL
Test Acceptable Ranges
T alkalinity (ppm) 100 - 1000pH 73 ndash 90
Chloride (ppm) 10 - 500Cycles gt2
Total Hardness (ppm) 500 - 1500Phosphate (ppm) 43327
Conductivity (mmHos) lt2400Bacteria Count (cfu) lt80000Water Appearance Clear
Iron (ppm) lt4Calcium Hardness (ppm) lt500
Magnesium Hardness (ppm) lt100Chlorides (ppm) lt250
Salt (ppm) lt410Sulfates (ppm) lt250
Silica (ppm) lt150ORP (mV) gt300
90-day Copper Coupon (mpy) lt0290-day Mild Steel Coupon (mpy) lt390-day Galvanized Steel (mpy) lt4
90-day Stainless Steel (mpy) lt01
NREL | 16
AWT 1 Technology Description
Terlyn Water Treatmentbull Uses a very strong scale
inhibitor new PLC controller side stream crushed glass media filter
bull Controller set 13-18 CoCrsquos based on TDS
bull Filter is backwashed for 30 seconds once a day using 300 gallonsday
Representative diagram of system design for Building 67 (Credit Joelynn Schroeder NREL)
Manufacturer Reference httpwwwterlyncom
NREL | 17
AWT 1 Facility Description
Building Locationbull Denver Federal Centerbull Building 67
Building Factsbull 342722 ft2 Office buildingbull 1200 occupants
Cooling Systembull (1) 900-ton chiller (1) 450-ton chillerbull (2) 600-ton cooling towersbull (1) flat plat heat-exchanger
NREL | 18
AWT 1 Water Savings and Water Quality
Water Savings bull Measured CoC ranged from 13-18bull Measured 94 reduction in blowdown
Water Qualitybull Realized significant reduction in scaling
ndash Increased run time of tower free cooling 6 F reduction in set point
bull Observational improvements in water qualitybull Conductivity (microsiemens) Control Range lt2400 maintained =
2540 - 7000 (5 - 290 outside range)
NREL | 19
AWT 1 Economics
bull Installed costs higher than normal due to Fed Gov added factors and side stream filtration
bull OampM costs increased due to increased scaling chemical costs and side stream filtration OampM
bull Local rebates would have offset ~50 of installed cost if Fed Center was not on one master water meter
Economic Parameter
Building 67 (AWT 2) at Local Water
Rate $714kGal
Building 67 (AWT 2) at
GSA Avg Water Rate $1676kGal
Initial Cost ($) $39900 $39900 Cooling Tower Size (tons) 1200 1200Water Savings (Galyr) 824448 824448Water and Sewer Cost Savings ($yr) $5887 $13818 Annual Increase in OampM ($yr) $3300 $3300 Simple Payback with OampM (yrs) 154 38Savings to Investment Ratio 13 53
NREL | 20
AWT 2 Technology Description
Water Conservation Technology International bull Salt based water softening
system to remove hardnessndash Polyethylene regeneration
tank and brine tankbull No need for corrosion or scale
inhibitor very little biocidebull Regeneration uses 70 gallons 2-
3 timesweek in summer 1 timeweek spring fall
Representative diagram of system layout for Building 25 (Credit Joelynn Schroeder NREL)
Manufacturer Reference httpswwwwater-cticomtechnologyhtml
NREL | 21
AWT 2 Facility Description
Building Locationbull Denver Federal Centerbull Building 25
Building Factsbull 360797 square feet ft2 office lab buildingbull 425 occupants
Cooling Systembull (2) 500-ton chillersbull (3) 500-ton cooling towersbull (1) flat plate heat-exchange
AWT 2 Regeneration and Brine Tank
AWT 2 Controller
NREL | 22
AWT 2 Water Savings and Water Quality
Water Savings bull Measured CoC ranged from 12-80bull Measured 99 reduction in blowdown
Water Qualitybull Realized significant reduction in OampMbull Increased run time of tower free coolingbull Observational improvements in water qualitybull Conductivity (microsiemens) Control range
lt2400 maintained = 8700 - 20000 (300 -800 outside range)
bull pH value Control range = 73ndash90 maintained = 96ndash102 (up to 13 outside range)
bull ldquoMrdquo Alkalinity (as CaCO3) Control range = 100ndash1000 ppm maintained = 1680 ndash 3004 (68 - 300 outside range)
Month 2012 2013Jan 5497 8830Feb 13421 6491Mar 3830 7836Apr 21667 18275May 25117 26930Jun 50585 40409Jul 73187 76667
Aug 62193 82485Sep 48304 73088Oct 35643 59251Nov 15175 26608Dec 12018 8830
Totals 366637 435702
Monthly Water Savings
NREL | 23
AWT 2 Economics
bull Installed costs higher than normal due to Fed Gov added factors and side stream filtration
bull OampM costs decreased due to reduce chemical usage staff time
bull Local rebates would have offset ~50 of installed cost if Fed Center was not on one master water meter
Economic Parameter
Building 25 (AWT 1) at Local Water
Rate $714kGal
Building 25 (AWT 1) at
GSA Avg Water Rate $1676kGal
Initial Cost ($) $29600 $29600 Cooling Tower Size (tons) 1500 1500Water Savings (Galyr) 401170 401170Water and Sewer Cost Savings ($yr) $2864 $6724
Annual Increase in OampM ($yr) ($2768) ($2768)Simple Payback with OampM (yrs) 53 31Savings to Investment Ratio 38 65
NREL | 24
Additional AWT 1 and 2 Deployments
Denver Federal Center Facility
AWT System Date Installed
Cooling Tower
Size (Tons)
Installed Cost ($)
Annual Water
Savings (Galyr)
Annual Water
Savings ($)
Annual Increas
e in OampM ($yr)
Total Annual
Cost Savings ($yr)
Simple Payback
(yrs)
Bldg20 AWT Technology 1 Nov-16 600 $31057 718597 $5131 ($2768
) $7899 39
Bldg41 AWT Technology 1 Jan-17 1000 $36976 180992
1 $12923 ($2768)
$15691 24
Bldg 85 AWT Technology 2 Jan-14 500 $8756 62450 $446 $1000 ($554) -158
Bldg56 AWT Technology 2 Jan-15 1000 $28557 661160 $4721 $2200 $2521 113
Bldg 810 AWT Technology 2 Jun-14 2 x 500 $31047 113145
0 $8079 $3300 $4779 65
Bldg810 USDA
AWT Technology 2 Mar-16 3 x 500 $31047 104800
0 $7483 $3300 $4183 74
NREL | 25
AWT 3 Technology Description
Silverbulletbull Uses a combination of ozone (O3)
hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) andor UV lights to generate highly reactive hydroxyl (OHbull) and oxygen free radicals
bull Air tube is ran into cooling tower basin and pumps AOP treated air into cooling tower basin
bull Elimination of scale inhibitor corrosion inhibitor potential elimination of biocide
Silver Bullet Interior Cabinet
Manufacturer Reference httpwwwsilverbulletcorpcomcommercial-cooling
NREL | 26
AWT 3 Facility Description
Building Locationbull Denver Federal Centerbull Building 95
Building Factsbull 163206 ft2 two-story bull Office laboratory building
Cooling Systembull (2) 250-ton water-cooled centrifugal
chillers bull (2) induced draft cooling tower
Silver Bullet Interior Cabinet
NREL | 27
AWT 3 Performance Objectives
Quantitative Objectives
Success Criteria Metrics amp Data MampV Results
Water Savingsgt10 reduction in cooling tower water makeup (galton-hr)
- Cooling tower makeup water- Chiller plant energy usage- Outside air conditions
Met Annual water savings 227 to 297
Reduction in Chemical Costs
gt90 reduction in annual chemical costs
-Pre- and post- annual chemical costs
Met Elimination of all chemicals other than biocides
Water ChemistryMeets or exceeds GSA cooling tower water chemistry requirements
- Pre- and post- water chemistry reports
Met GSA water chemistry requirements
Cost EffectivenessSimple payback Savings to Investment ratio (SIR)
- Payback lt 10 years SIRgt 1Met SPP of 34 yrs SIR of 6
Qualitative Objectives
Success Criteria Metrics amp Data MampV Results
Ease of Installation
Less than 2-day installation time
Labor hours to install technology
Met Less than 1 day to install
NREL | 28
AWT Regression Modeling
Baseline Daily Cooling Tower Makeup Water Regression
119862119862119862119862119862119862119862119862119862119862119862119862119862119862 119879119879119862119862119879119879119879119879119879119879 119872119872119872119872119872119872119879119879119872119872119872119872 119882119882119872119872119882119882119879119879119879119879= 1198881198880 + 1198881198881 119882119882119882119882119882119882_119882119882119882119882119882119882119882119882 + 1198881198882 119862119862119862119862119862119862119879119879119879119879119862119862119862119862 + 1198881198883 119862119862119882119882119879119879119879119879119872119872119862119862119862119862119862119862119882119882+ 1198881198884 1198621198621198621198621198621198621198791198791198791198791198621198621198621198622 + 1198881198885 119862119862119862119862119862119862119879119879119879119879119862119862119862119862 119862119862119882119882119879119879119879119879119872119872119862119862119862119862119862119862119882119882
NREL | 29
AWT 3 Water Savings and Water Quality
Water Savings bull Measured CoC ranged from 51-144bull Measured 263 reduction in
makeup water (blowdown not measured)
Water Qualitybull Realized reduction in chiller
condenser tube foulingbull Elimination of scaling corrosion
inhibitor uses small amount of biocide
bull ORP of 194 GSA range gt 300
Month
2017 Cooling Tower
Makeup (GalMon)
2014 Weather
Normalized Baseline
Water (GalMon)
1-Jan 928 01-Feb 15042 183011-Mar 46706 545561-Apr 52254 663501-May 54904 1075431-Jun 282322 3754191-Jul 398206 506684
1-Aug 298039 4451161-Sep 190375 2757491-Oct 61146 1086231-Nov 35554 449301-Dec 40005 0
Totals 1475482 2003273
NREL | 30
AWT 3 Economics
bull Installed costs higher than normal due to Fed Gov added factors and side stream filtration
bull OampM costs decreased due to reduce chemical usage staff time
bull Local rebates would have offset ~50 of installed cost if Fed Center was not on one master water meter
BaselineTested
Technology (After)1
Difference w Local
Sewer+Water Rate
($714kGal)
Difference w GSA Avg Water Rate
$1676kGal(Before)
Installation3 NA $21125 $21125 $21125 Annual Maintenance $5855yr $3333yr $2522yr $2522yr
Annual Water Consumption (Gallonsyr)
2003273 1475482 527791 527791
Annual Water Costs$14303 $10535 $3768 $8846($yr)
Simple Payback yrs 34 19Savings-to-
Investment RatioInteger value between 0
and 10060 108
NREL | 31
AWT 3 Energy Modeling
bull Energy Plus Commercial Building Reference Modelbull Post 1980 construction Large office building
498588 ft2
bull Modeled 3 CoC baseline 10 CoC 15 CoC
NREL | 32
AWT 3 Energy Modeling
bull Modeled water rates for each citybull Water rates vary significantly by city cities with
highest rates had highest savings
NREL | 33
AWT 3 Energy Modeling
bull Calculated SIR per location as a function of water rate (SIRgt1)
bull Used for high cost case of $25000
bull Does not include OampM cost savings
NREL | 34
AWT4 Technology Description
Scale controlElectro-catalytic process accelerates scale formation in the reactorsScale is easily removed from reactors
Expected Performancebull Blowdown water (and sewer) savings of 25-95 (CoC 30 or more)bull Elimination of chemicalsbull Energy savings ndash depending on the amount of scale in the baseline case
Corrosion controlMaintains balanced pH and mineral content to minimize corrosion
Biological Growth controlForms HOCl and Cl2 from the chlorides in the water for biocides
Dynamic Water Technologies amp Universal Environmental Technologiesbull Chemical free electrolysis
UET reactor skid
NREL | 35
AWT 4 Facility Description
Test site 1bull 240000 ft2 federal office building Savannah GAbull 2 250-ton chillers and 2 cooling towersbull 1 UET reactor skidbull Test period June ndash October 2017
Test site 2bull 530000 ft2 office building Los Angeles CAbull 2 800-ton and 2-500 ton chillers and 4 cooling towersbull 2 UET reactor skidsbull Test period June ndash October 2018 (ongoing)
NREL | 36
AWT 4 Water Savings and Water Quality
Water Savings bull Measured CoC gt 30bull Measured 98 reduction in
blowdownbull gt 1 million gal saved annually
Water Qualitybull No measured reduction in scaling bull Noticeable reduction in biological
growth and cleaning requirementsbull Observational improvements in
water qualitybull DWT maintains a high conductivity
setting (6000)
Scale removal from reactor cores
NREL | 37
AWT 4 Test Site 1 Results
Economic ParameterLocal Water
Rate $664kGal
GSA Avg Water Rate $1676kGal
Initial Cost ($) $59369 $59369 Cooling Tower Size (tons) 500 500Water Savings (Galyr) 1003300 1003300Water and Sewer Cost Savings ($yr) $6662 $16816 Annual Increase in OampM ($yr) ($720) ($720) Simple Payback with OampM (yrs) 10 37Savings to Investment Ratio 20 54
bull Installed costs higher than normal due to tech demo costs and Fed Gov added factors
bull Revised cost used in analysis
bull OampM costs increased slightly with annual service contract
NREL | 38
AWT4 Test Site 2 Results
bull Baseline period completebull DWT-UET system start up on 792018bull Expected testing through October 2018
Questions
michaelderunrelgov
jessedeannrelgov
Thank You
- Slide Number 1
- Cooling Tower Water Management Best Practices
- HVAC Research Team Call
- Cooling Tower Basics
- Balancing Cooling Tower Water Quality
- Cooling Tower Cycles of Concentration
- Corrosion vs Scale
- Genetic Biological Sampling
- Technology Testing Programs
- Emerging Technology Framework
- GSA Green Proving Ground Objectives
- Communicating MampV Outcomes from GSA Test Beds
- Technologies Tested by GPG with Published Results
- General AWT MampV Framework
- GSA Required Cooling Tower Water Quality
- AWT 1 Technology Description
- AWT 1 Facility Description
- AWT 1 Water Savings and Water Quality
- AWT 1 Economics
- AWT 2 Technology Description
- AWT 2 Facility Description
- AWT 2 Water Savings and Water Quality
- AWT 2 Economics
- Additional AWT 1 and 2 Deployments
- AWT 3 Technology Description
- AWT 3 Facility Description
- AWT 3 Performance Objectives
- AWT Regression Modeling
- AWT 3 Water Savings and Water Quality
- AWT 3 Economics
- AWT 3 Energy Modeling
- AWT 3 Energy Modeling
- AWT 3 Energy Modeling
- AWT4 Technology Description
- AWT 4 Facility Description
- AWT 4 Water Savings and Water Quality
- AWT 4 Test Site 1 Results
- AWT4 Test Site 2 Results
- Questions
- Thank You
-
Technology Testing Programs
Department of Energy High Impact Technology (HIT) Catalystbull 14 technology tests available with several more coming
General Services Administration GSA Proving Grounds (GPG)bull 34 reports 23 technologies 14 technologies deployed
Department of Defense Environmental Security Technology Certification Program (ESTCP)
bull Many technologies
NREL | 10
Emerging Technology Framework
Reference httpswwwgsagovgovernmentwide-initiativessustainabilityemerging-building-technologiesabout-gsarsquos-proving-ground-gpg
NREL | 11
GSA Green Proving Ground Objectives
Identify promising technologies at the edge of commercialization
Pilot technology installations within GSArsquos real estate portfolio
Recommend technologies with broad deployment potential for GSA
Partner with Department of Energy national laboratories to objectively evaluate real-world performance
Reference httpswwwgsagovgovernmentwide-initiativessustainabilityemerging-building-technologiesabout-gsarsquos-proving-ground-gpg
NREL | 12
Communicating MampV Outcomes from GSA Test Beds
Technical report 4-page Findings Infographic Webinar Series
Reference httpswwwgsagovgovernmentwide-initiativessustainabilityemerging-building-technologiesabout-gsarsquos-proving-ground-gpg
NREL | 13
Technologies Tested by GPG with Published Results
Variable-Speed Maglev Chiller
Variable-speed Direct-drive Screw
Chiller
LED Fixtures with Integrated Controls
High-R Window Panel Retrofits
Occupant Responsive Lighting
Condensing Boilers Photovoltaics
PV GuidanceThermochromic amp
Electrochromic Windows
Integrated Daylighting Systems
Photovoltaic-Thermal System
Vacuum Insulated Panels for Roofing
Wood-Pellet-Fired Biomass
BoilerSolar Control Films
Weather Station for Irrigation Control
Non-Chemical Prevention of Hard
Water Scale
Wireless Advanced Lighting Controls
Electrochromic (EC) Windows for LPOEs
Honeycomb Solar Thermal
Collector
Control Optimization
System for Chiller Plants
EC Windows with Dynamic Controls for
General Office Space
Synchronous amp Cogged Fan Belts
Multi-staged Indirect
Evaporative Cooler
Wireless Pneumatic
Thermostats
Advanced Power Strips
Wireless Sensor Networks
Socially Driven HVAC Optimization
Variable Refrigerant Flow
Smart Ceiling Fans
Wireless Soil Moisture Sensors
for Irrigation Control
Broad Deployment Potential for GSA
LED Downlight Lamps for CFL
Fixtures
Linear LED Lighting Retrofits
Low-e Window Films
Building Envelope
HVAC Lighting Energy Management
Water On-Site Renewables
NREL | 14
General AWT MampV Framework
Typical MampV Pointsbull Condenser water supply and return
temperatures (degF)bull Condenser water pump status
(ONOFF) bull Cooling tower fan status (ONOFF)bull Chiller water supply and return
temperatures (degF)bull Chiller status (ONOFF) bull Outdoor air temperature (degF) and
humidity ()bull Cooling Tower Make Up Water meter
(Gal)bull Blowdown Water Meter (Gal)bull Chiller Plant Electrical Meter (kWh)
Primary Objective Measure cooling tower water savings measured in galton-hr
Conceptual model of the AWTs (Credit Joelynn Schroeder NREL)
NREL | 15
GSA Required Cooling Tower Water Quality
bull Water quality was tracked on monthly basis to ensure compliance with GSA Acceptable Ranges
bull Additional biological testing was conducted by NREL
Test Acceptable Ranges
T alkalinity (ppm) 100 - 1000pH 73 ndash 90
Chloride (ppm) 10 - 500Cycles gt2
Total Hardness (ppm) 500 - 1500Phosphate (ppm) 43327
Conductivity (mmHos) lt2400Bacteria Count (cfu) lt80000Water Appearance Clear
Iron (ppm) lt4Calcium Hardness (ppm) lt500
Magnesium Hardness (ppm) lt100Chlorides (ppm) lt250
Salt (ppm) lt410Sulfates (ppm) lt250
Silica (ppm) lt150ORP (mV) gt300
90-day Copper Coupon (mpy) lt0290-day Mild Steel Coupon (mpy) lt390-day Galvanized Steel (mpy) lt4
90-day Stainless Steel (mpy) lt01
NREL | 16
AWT 1 Technology Description
Terlyn Water Treatmentbull Uses a very strong scale
inhibitor new PLC controller side stream crushed glass media filter
bull Controller set 13-18 CoCrsquos based on TDS
bull Filter is backwashed for 30 seconds once a day using 300 gallonsday
Representative diagram of system design for Building 67 (Credit Joelynn Schroeder NREL)
Manufacturer Reference httpwwwterlyncom
NREL | 17
AWT 1 Facility Description
Building Locationbull Denver Federal Centerbull Building 67
Building Factsbull 342722 ft2 Office buildingbull 1200 occupants
Cooling Systembull (1) 900-ton chiller (1) 450-ton chillerbull (2) 600-ton cooling towersbull (1) flat plat heat-exchanger
NREL | 18
AWT 1 Water Savings and Water Quality
Water Savings bull Measured CoC ranged from 13-18bull Measured 94 reduction in blowdown
Water Qualitybull Realized significant reduction in scaling
ndash Increased run time of tower free cooling 6 F reduction in set point
bull Observational improvements in water qualitybull Conductivity (microsiemens) Control Range lt2400 maintained =
2540 - 7000 (5 - 290 outside range)
NREL | 19
AWT 1 Economics
bull Installed costs higher than normal due to Fed Gov added factors and side stream filtration
bull OampM costs increased due to increased scaling chemical costs and side stream filtration OampM
bull Local rebates would have offset ~50 of installed cost if Fed Center was not on one master water meter
Economic Parameter
Building 67 (AWT 2) at Local Water
Rate $714kGal
Building 67 (AWT 2) at
GSA Avg Water Rate $1676kGal
Initial Cost ($) $39900 $39900 Cooling Tower Size (tons) 1200 1200Water Savings (Galyr) 824448 824448Water and Sewer Cost Savings ($yr) $5887 $13818 Annual Increase in OampM ($yr) $3300 $3300 Simple Payback with OampM (yrs) 154 38Savings to Investment Ratio 13 53
NREL | 20
AWT 2 Technology Description
Water Conservation Technology International bull Salt based water softening
system to remove hardnessndash Polyethylene regeneration
tank and brine tankbull No need for corrosion or scale
inhibitor very little biocidebull Regeneration uses 70 gallons 2-
3 timesweek in summer 1 timeweek spring fall
Representative diagram of system layout for Building 25 (Credit Joelynn Schroeder NREL)
Manufacturer Reference httpswwwwater-cticomtechnologyhtml
NREL | 21
AWT 2 Facility Description
Building Locationbull Denver Federal Centerbull Building 25
Building Factsbull 360797 square feet ft2 office lab buildingbull 425 occupants
Cooling Systembull (2) 500-ton chillersbull (3) 500-ton cooling towersbull (1) flat plate heat-exchange
AWT 2 Regeneration and Brine Tank
AWT 2 Controller
NREL | 22
AWT 2 Water Savings and Water Quality
Water Savings bull Measured CoC ranged from 12-80bull Measured 99 reduction in blowdown
Water Qualitybull Realized significant reduction in OampMbull Increased run time of tower free coolingbull Observational improvements in water qualitybull Conductivity (microsiemens) Control range
lt2400 maintained = 8700 - 20000 (300 -800 outside range)
bull pH value Control range = 73ndash90 maintained = 96ndash102 (up to 13 outside range)
bull ldquoMrdquo Alkalinity (as CaCO3) Control range = 100ndash1000 ppm maintained = 1680 ndash 3004 (68 - 300 outside range)
Month 2012 2013Jan 5497 8830Feb 13421 6491Mar 3830 7836Apr 21667 18275May 25117 26930Jun 50585 40409Jul 73187 76667
Aug 62193 82485Sep 48304 73088Oct 35643 59251Nov 15175 26608Dec 12018 8830
Totals 366637 435702
Monthly Water Savings
NREL | 23
AWT 2 Economics
bull Installed costs higher than normal due to Fed Gov added factors and side stream filtration
bull OampM costs decreased due to reduce chemical usage staff time
bull Local rebates would have offset ~50 of installed cost if Fed Center was not on one master water meter
Economic Parameter
Building 25 (AWT 1) at Local Water
Rate $714kGal
Building 25 (AWT 1) at
GSA Avg Water Rate $1676kGal
Initial Cost ($) $29600 $29600 Cooling Tower Size (tons) 1500 1500Water Savings (Galyr) 401170 401170Water and Sewer Cost Savings ($yr) $2864 $6724
Annual Increase in OampM ($yr) ($2768) ($2768)Simple Payback with OampM (yrs) 53 31Savings to Investment Ratio 38 65
NREL | 24
Additional AWT 1 and 2 Deployments
Denver Federal Center Facility
AWT System Date Installed
Cooling Tower
Size (Tons)
Installed Cost ($)
Annual Water
Savings (Galyr)
Annual Water
Savings ($)
Annual Increas
e in OampM ($yr)
Total Annual
Cost Savings ($yr)
Simple Payback
(yrs)
Bldg20 AWT Technology 1 Nov-16 600 $31057 718597 $5131 ($2768
) $7899 39
Bldg41 AWT Technology 1 Jan-17 1000 $36976 180992
1 $12923 ($2768)
$15691 24
Bldg 85 AWT Technology 2 Jan-14 500 $8756 62450 $446 $1000 ($554) -158
Bldg56 AWT Technology 2 Jan-15 1000 $28557 661160 $4721 $2200 $2521 113
Bldg 810 AWT Technology 2 Jun-14 2 x 500 $31047 113145
0 $8079 $3300 $4779 65
Bldg810 USDA
AWT Technology 2 Mar-16 3 x 500 $31047 104800
0 $7483 $3300 $4183 74
NREL | 25
AWT 3 Technology Description
Silverbulletbull Uses a combination of ozone (O3)
hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) andor UV lights to generate highly reactive hydroxyl (OHbull) and oxygen free radicals
bull Air tube is ran into cooling tower basin and pumps AOP treated air into cooling tower basin
bull Elimination of scale inhibitor corrosion inhibitor potential elimination of biocide
Silver Bullet Interior Cabinet
Manufacturer Reference httpwwwsilverbulletcorpcomcommercial-cooling
NREL | 26
AWT 3 Facility Description
Building Locationbull Denver Federal Centerbull Building 95
Building Factsbull 163206 ft2 two-story bull Office laboratory building
Cooling Systembull (2) 250-ton water-cooled centrifugal
chillers bull (2) induced draft cooling tower
Silver Bullet Interior Cabinet
NREL | 27
AWT 3 Performance Objectives
Quantitative Objectives
Success Criteria Metrics amp Data MampV Results
Water Savingsgt10 reduction in cooling tower water makeup (galton-hr)
- Cooling tower makeup water- Chiller plant energy usage- Outside air conditions
Met Annual water savings 227 to 297
Reduction in Chemical Costs
gt90 reduction in annual chemical costs
-Pre- and post- annual chemical costs
Met Elimination of all chemicals other than biocides
Water ChemistryMeets or exceeds GSA cooling tower water chemistry requirements
- Pre- and post- water chemistry reports
Met GSA water chemistry requirements
Cost EffectivenessSimple payback Savings to Investment ratio (SIR)
- Payback lt 10 years SIRgt 1Met SPP of 34 yrs SIR of 6
Qualitative Objectives
Success Criteria Metrics amp Data MampV Results
Ease of Installation
Less than 2-day installation time
Labor hours to install technology
Met Less than 1 day to install
NREL | 28
AWT Regression Modeling
Baseline Daily Cooling Tower Makeup Water Regression
119862119862119862119862119862119862119862119862119862119862119862119862119862119862 119879119879119862119862119879119879119879119879119879119879 119872119872119872119872119872119872119879119879119872119872119872119872 119882119882119872119872119882119882119879119879119879119879= 1198881198880 + 1198881198881 119882119882119882119882119882119882_119882119882119882119882119882119882119882119882 + 1198881198882 119862119862119862119862119862119862119879119879119879119879119862119862119862119862 + 1198881198883 119862119862119882119882119879119879119879119879119872119872119862119862119862119862119862119862119882119882+ 1198881198884 1198621198621198621198621198621198621198791198791198791198791198621198621198621198622 + 1198881198885 119862119862119862119862119862119862119879119879119879119879119862119862119862119862 119862119862119882119882119879119879119879119879119872119872119862119862119862119862119862119862119882119882
NREL | 29
AWT 3 Water Savings and Water Quality
Water Savings bull Measured CoC ranged from 51-144bull Measured 263 reduction in
makeup water (blowdown not measured)
Water Qualitybull Realized reduction in chiller
condenser tube foulingbull Elimination of scaling corrosion
inhibitor uses small amount of biocide
bull ORP of 194 GSA range gt 300
Month
2017 Cooling Tower
Makeup (GalMon)
2014 Weather
Normalized Baseline
Water (GalMon)
1-Jan 928 01-Feb 15042 183011-Mar 46706 545561-Apr 52254 663501-May 54904 1075431-Jun 282322 3754191-Jul 398206 506684
1-Aug 298039 4451161-Sep 190375 2757491-Oct 61146 1086231-Nov 35554 449301-Dec 40005 0
Totals 1475482 2003273
NREL | 30
AWT 3 Economics
bull Installed costs higher than normal due to Fed Gov added factors and side stream filtration
bull OampM costs decreased due to reduce chemical usage staff time
bull Local rebates would have offset ~50 of installed cost if Fed Center was not on one master water meter
BaselineTested
Technology (After)1
Difference w Local
Sewer+Water Rate
($714kGal)
Difference w GSA Avg Water Rate
$1676kGal(Before)
Installation3 NA $21125 $21125 $21125 Annual Maintenance $5855yr $3333yr $2522yr $2522yr
Annual Water Consumption (Gallonsyr)
2003273 1475482 527791 527791
Annual Water Costs$14303 $10535 $3768 $8846($yr)
Simple Payback yrs 34 19Savings-to-
Investment RatioInteger value between 0
and 10060 108
NREL | 31
AWT 3 Energy Modeling
bull Energy Plus Commercial Building Reference Modelbull Post 1980 construction Large office building
498588 ft2
bull Modeled 3 CoC baseline 10 CoC 15 CoC
NREL | 32
AWT 3 Energy Modeling
bull Modeled water rates for each citybull Water rates vary significantly by city cities with
highest rates had highest savings
NREL | 33
AWT 3 Energy Modeling
bull Calculated SIR per location as a function of water rate (SIRgt1)
bull Used for high cost case of $25000
bull Does not include OampM cost savings
NREL | 34
AWT4 Technology Description
Scale controlElectro-catalytic process accelerates scale formation in the reactorsScale is easily removed from reactors
Expected Performancebull Blowdown water (and sewer) savings of 25-95 (CoC 30 or more)bull Elimination of chemicalsbull Energy savings ndash depending on the amount of scale in the baseline case
Corrosion controlMaintains balanced pH and mineral content to minimize corrosion
Biological Growth controlForms HOCl and Cl2 from the chlorides in the water for biocides
Dynamic Water Technologies amp Universal Environmental Technologiesbull Chemical free electrolysis
UET reactor skid
NREL | 35
AWT 4 Facility Description
Test site 1bull 240000 ft2 federal office building Savannah GAbull 2 250-ton chillers and 2 cooling towersbull 1 UET reactor skidbull Test period June ndash October 2017
Test site 2bull 530000 ft2 office building Los Angeles CAbull 2 800-ton and 2-500 ton chillers and 4 cooling towersbull 2 UET reactor skidsbull Test period June ndash October 2018 (ongoing)
NREL | 36
AWT 4 Water Savings and Water Quality
Water Savings bull Measured CoC gt 30bull Measured 98 reduction in
blowdownbull gt 1 million gal saved annually
Water Qualitybull No measured reduction in scaling bull Noticeable reduction in biological
growth and cleaning requirementsbull Observational improvements in
water qualitybull DWT maintains a high conductivity
setting (6000)
Scale removal from reactor cores
NREL | 37
AWT 4 Test Site 1 Results
Economic ParameterLocal Water
Rate $664kGal
GSA Avg Water Rate $1676kGal
Initial Cost ($) $59369 $59369 Cooling Tower Size (tons) 500 500Water Savings (Galyr) 1003300 1003300Water and Sewer Cost Savings ($yr) $6662 $16816 Annual Increase in OampM ($yr) ($720) ($720) Simple Payback with OampM (yrs) 10 37Savings to Investment Ratio 20 54
bull Installed costs higher than normal due to tech demo costs and Fed Gov added factors
bull Revised cost used in analysis
bull OampM costs increased slightly with annual service contract
NREL | 38
AWT4 Test Site 2 Results
bull Baseline period completebull DWT-UET system start up on 792018bull Expected testing through October 2018
Questions
michaelderunrelgov
jessedeannrelgov
Thank You
- Slide Number 1
- Cooling Tower Water Management Best Practices
- HVAC Research Team Call
- Cooling Tower Basics
- Balancing Cooling Tower Water Quality
- Cooling Tower Cycles of Concentration
- Corrosion vs Scale
- Genetic Biological Sampling
- Technology Testing Programs
- Emerging Technology Framework
- GSA Green Proving Ground Objectives
- Communicating MampV Outcomes from GSA Test Beds
- Technologies Tested by GPG with Published Results
- General AWT MampV Framework
- GSA Required Cooling Tower Water Quality
- AWT 1 Technology Description
- AWT 1 Facility Description
- AWT 1 Water Savings and Water Quality
- AWT 1 Economics
- AWT 2 Technology Description
- AWT 2 Facility Description
- AWT 2 Water Savings and Water Quality
- AWT 2 Economics
- Additional AWT 1 and 2 Deployments
- AWT 3 Technology Description
- AWT 3 Facility Description
- AWT 3 Performance Objectives
- AWT Regression Modeling
- AWT 3 Water Savings and Water Quality
- AWT 3 Economics
- AWT 3 Energy Modeling
- AWT 3 Energy Modeling
- AWT 3 Energy Modeling
- AWT4 Technology Description
- AWT 4 Facility Description
- AWT 4 Water Savings and Water Quality
- AWT 4 Test Site 1 Results
- AWT4 Test Site 2 Results
- Questions
- Thank You
-
NREL | 10
Emerging Technology Framework
Reference httpswwwgsagovgovernmentwide-initiativessustainabilityemerging-building-technologiesabout-gsarsquos-proving-ground-gpg
NREL | 11
GSA Green Proving Ground Objectives
Identify promising technologies at the edge of commercialization
Pilot technology installations within GSArsquos real estate portfolio
Recommend technologies with broad deployment potential for GSA
Partner with Department of Energy national laboratories to objectively evaluate real-world performance
Reference httpswwwgsagovgovernmentwide-initiativessustainabilityemerging-building-technologiesabout-gsarsquos-proving-ground-gpg
NREL | 12
Communicating MampV Outcomes from GSA Test Beds
Technical report 4-page Findings Infographic Webinar Series
Reference httpswwwgsagovgovernmentwide-initiativessustainabilityemerging-building-technologiesabout-gsarsquos-proving-ground-gpg
NREL | 13
Technologies Tested by GPG with Published Results
Variable-Speed Maglev Chiller
Variable-speed Direct-drive Screw
Chiller
LED Fixtures with Integrated Controls
High-R Window Panel Retrofits
Occupant Responsive Lighting
Condensing Boilers Photovoltaics
PV GuidanceThermochromic amp
Electrochromic Windows
Integrated Daylighting Systems
Photovoltaic-Thermal System
Vacuum Insulated Panels for Roofing
Wood-Pellet-Fired Biomass
BoilerSolar Control Films
Weather Station for Irrigation Control
Non-Chemical Prevention of Hard
Water Scale
Wireless Advanced Lighting Controls
Electrochromic (EC) Windows for LPOEs
Honeycomb Solar Thermal
Collector
Control Optimization
System for Chiller Plants
EC Windows with Dynamic Controls for
General Office Space
Synchronous amp Cogged Fan Belts
Multi-staged Indirect
Evaporative Cooler
Wireless Pneumatic
Thermostats
Advanced Power Strips
Wireless Sensor Networks
Socially Driven HVAC Optimization
Variable Refrigerant Flow
Smart Ceiling Fans
Wireless Soil Moisture Sensors
for Irrigation Control
Broad Deployment Potential for GSA
LED Downlight Lamps for CFL
Fixtures
Linear LED Lighting Retrofits
Low-e Window Films
Building Envelope
HVAC Lighting Energy Management
Water On-Site Renewables
NREL | 14
General AWT MampV Framework
Typical MampV Pointsbull Condenser water supply and return
temperatures (degF)bull Condenser water pump status
(ONOFF) bull Cooling tower fan status (ONOFF)bull Chiller water supply and return
temperatures (degF)bull Chiller status (ONOFF) bull Outdoor air temperature (degF) and
humidity ()bull Cooling Tower Make Up Water meter
(Gal)bull Blowdown Water Meter (Gal)bull Chiller Plant Electrical Meter (kWh)
Primary Objective Measure cooling tower water savings measured in galton-hr
Conceptual model of the AWTs (Credit Joelynn Schroeder NREL)
NREL | 15
GSA Required Cooling Tower Water Quality
bull Water quality was tracked on monthly basis to ensure compliance with GSA Acceptable Ranges
bull Additional biological testing was conducted by NREL
Test Acceptable Ranges
T alkalinity (ppm) 100 - 1000pH 73 ndash 90
Chloride (ppm) 10 - 500Cycles gt2
Total Hardness (ppm) 500 - 1500Phosphate (ppm) 43327
Conductivity (mmHos) lt2400Bacteria Count (cfu) lt80000Water Appearance Clear
Iron (ppm) lt4Calcium Hardness (ppm) lt500
Magnesium Hardness (ppm) lt100Chlorides (ppm) lt250
Salt (ppm) lt410Sulfates (ppm) lt250
Silica (ppm) lt150ORP (mV) gt300
90-day Copper Coupon (mpy) lt0290-day Mild Steel Coupon (mpy) lt390-day Galvanized Steel (mpy) lt4
90-day Stainless Steel (mpy) lt01
NREL | 16
AWT 1 Technology Description
Terlyn Water Treatmentbull Uses a very strong scale
inhibitor new PLC controller side stream crushed glass media filter
bull Controller set 13-18 CoCrsquos based on TDS
bull Filter is backwashed for 30 seconds once a day using 300 gallonsday
Representative diagram of system design for Building 67 (Credit Joelynn Schroeder NREL)
Manufacturer Reference httpwwwterlyncom
NREL | 17
AWT 1 Facility Description
Building Locationbull Denver Federal Centerbull Building 67
Building Factsbull 342722 ft2 Office buildingbull 1200 occupants
Cooling Systembull (1) 900-ton chiller (1) 450-ton chillerbull (2) 600-ton cooling towersbull (1) flat plat heat-exchanger
NREL | 18
AWT 1 Water Savings and Water Quality
Water Savings bull Measured CoC ranged from 13-18bull Measured 94 reduction in blowdown
Water Qualitybull Realized significant reduction in scaling
ndash Increased run time of tower free cooling 6 F reduction in set point
bull Observational improvements in water qualitybull Conductivity (microsiemens) Control Range lt2400 maintained =
2540 - 7000 (5 - 290 outside range)
NREL | 19
AWT 1 Economics
bull Installed costs higher than normal due to Fed Gov added factors and side stream filtration
bull OampM costs increased due to increased scaling chemical costs and side stream filtration OampM
bull Local rebates would have offset ~50 of installed cost if Fed Center was not on one master water meter
Economic Parameter
Building 67 (AWT 2) at Local Water
Rate $714kGal
Building 67 (AWT 2) at
GSA Avg Water Rate $1676kGal
Initial Cost ($) $39900 $39900 Cooling Tower Size (tons) 1200 1200Water Savings (Galyr) 824448 824448Water and Sewer Cost Savings ($yr) $5887 $13818 Annual Increase in OampM ($yr) $3300 $3300 Simple Payback with OampM (yrs) 154 38Savings to Investment Ratio 13 53
NREL | 20
AWT 2 Technology Description
Water Conservation Technology International bull Salt based water softening
system to remove hardnessndash Polyethylene regeneration
tank and brine tankbull No need for corrosion or scale
inhibitor very little biocidebull Regeneration uses 70 gallons 2-
3 timesweek in summer 1 timeweek spring fall
Representative diagram of system layout for Building 25 (Credit Joelynn Schroeder NREL)
Manufacturer Reference httpswwwwater-cticomtechnologyhtml
NREL | 21
AWT 2 Facility Description
Building Locationbull Denver Federal Centerbull Building 25
Building Factsbull 360797 square feet ft2 office lab buildingbull 425 occupants
Cooling Systembull (2) 500-ton chillersbull (3) 500-ton cooling towersbull (1) flat plate heat-exchange
AWT 2 Regeneration and Brine Tank
AWT 2 Controller
NREL | 22
AWT 2 Water Savings and Water Quality
Water Savings bull Measured CoC ranged from 12-80bull Measured 99 reduction in blowdown
Water Qualitybull Realized significant reduction in OampMbull Increased run time of tower free coolingbull Observational improvements in water qualitybull Conductivity (microsiemens) Control range
lt2400 maintained = 8700 - 20000 (300 -800 outside range)
bull pH value Control range = 73ndash90 maintained = 96ndash102 (up to 13 outside range)
bull ldquoMrdquo Alkalinity (as CaCO3) Control range = 100ndash1000 ppm maintained = 1680 ndash 3004 (68 - 300 outside range)
Month 2012 2013Jan 5497 8830Feb 13421 6491Mar 3830 7836Apr 21667 18275May 25117 26930Jun 50585 40409Jul 73187 76667
Aug 62193 82485Sep 48304 73088Oct 35643 59251Nov 15175 26608Dec 12018 8830
Totals 366637 435702
Monthly Water Savings
NREL | 23
AWT 2 Economics
bull Installed costs higher than normal due to Fed Gov added factors and side stream filtration
bull OampM costs decreased due to reduce chemical usage staff time
bull Local rebates would have offset ~50 of installed cost if Fed Center was not on one master water meter
Economic Parameter
Building 25 (AWT 1) at Local Water
Rate $714kGal
Building 25 (AWT 1) at
GSA Avg Water Rate $1676kGal
Initial Cost ($) $29600 $29600 Cooling Tower Size (tons) 1500 1500Water Savings (Galyr) 401170 401170Water and Sewer Cost Savings ($yr) $2864 $6724
Annual Increase in OampM ($yr) ($2768) ($2768)Simple Payback with OampM (yrs) 53 31Savings to Investment Ratio 38 65
NREL | 24
Additional AWT 1 and 2 Deployments
Denver Federal Center Facility
AWT System Date Installed
Cooling Tower
Size (Tons)
Installed Cost ($)
Annual Water
Savings (Galyr)
Annual Water
Savings ($)
Annual Increas
e in OampM ($yr)
Total Annual
Cost Savings ($yr)
Simple Payback
(yrs)
Bldg20 AWT Technology 1 Nov-16 600 $31057 718597 $5131 ($2768
) $7899 39
Bldg41 AWT Technology 1 Jan-17 1000 $36976 180992
1 $12923 ($2768)
$15691 24
Bldg 85 AWT Technology 2 Jan-14 500 $8756 62450 $446 $1000 ($554) -158
Bldg56 AWT Technology 2 Jan-15 1000 $28557 661160 $4721 $2200 $2521 113
Bldg 810 AWT Technology 2 Jun-14 2 x 500 $31047 113145
0 $8079 $3300 $4779 65
Bldg810 USDA
AWT Technology 2 Mar-16 3 x 500 $31047 104800
0 $7483 $3300 $4183 74
NREL | 25
AWT 3 Technology Description
Silverbulletbull Uses a combination of ozone (O3)
hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) andor UV lights to generate highly reactive hydroxyl (OHbull) and oxygen free radicals
bull Air tube is ran into cooling tower basin and pumps AOP treated air into cooling tower basin
bull Elimination of scale inhibitor corrosion inhibitor potential elimination of biocide
Silver Bullet Interior Cabinet
Manufacturer Reference httpwwwsilverbulletcorpcomcommercial-cooling
NREL | 26
AWT 3 Facility Description
Building Locationbull Denver Federal Centerbull Building 95
Building Factsbull 163206 ft2 two-story bull Office laboratory building
Cooling Systembull (2) 250-ton water-cooled centrifugal
chillers bull (2) induced draft cooling tower
Silver Bullet Interior Cabinet
NREL | 27
AWT 3 Performance Objectives
Quantitative Objectives
Success Criteria Metrics amp Data MampV Results
Water Savingsgt10 reduction in cooling tower water makeup (galton-hr)
- Cooling tower makeup water- Chiller plant energy usage- Outside air conditions
Met Annual water savings 227 to 297
Reduction in Chemical Costs
gt90 reduction in annual chemical costs
-Pre- and post- annual chemical costs
Met Elimination of all chemicals other than biocides
Water ChemistryMeets or exceeds GSA cooling tower water chemistry requirements
- Pre- and post- water chemistry reports
Met GSA water chemistry requirements
Cost EffectivenessSimple payback Savings to Investment ratio (SIR)
- Payback lt 10 years SIRgt 1Met SPP of 34 yrs SIR of 6
Qualitative Objectives
Success Criteria Metrics amp Data MampV Results
Ease of Installation
Less than 2-day installation time
Labor hours to install technology
Met Less than 1 day to install
NREL | 28
AWT Regression Modeling
Baseline Daily Cooling Tower Makeup Water Regression
119862119862119862119862119862119862119862119862119862119862119862119862119862119862 119879119879119862119862119879119879119879119879119879119879 119872119872119872119872119872119872119879119879119872119872119872119872 119882119882119872119872119882119882119879119879119879119879= 1198881198880 + 1198881198881 119882119882119882119882119882119882_119882119882119882119882119882119882119882119882 + 1198881198882 119862119862119862119862119862119862119879119879119879119879119862119862119862119862 + 1198881198883 119862119862119882119882119879119879119879119879119872119872119862119862119862119862119862119862119882119882+ 1198881198884 1198621198621198621198621198621198621198791198791198791198791198621198621198621198622 + 1198881198885 119862119862119862119862119862119862119879119879119879119879119862119862119862119862 119862119862119882119882119879119879119879119879119872119872119862119862119862119862119862119862119882119882
NREL | 29
AWT 3 Water Savings and Water Quality
Water Savings bull Measured CoC ranged from 51-144bull Measured 263 reduction in
makeup water (blowdown not measured)
Water Qualitybull Realized reduction in chiller
condenser tube foulingbull Elimination of scaling corrosion
inhibitor uses small amount of biocide
bull ORP of 194 GSA range gt 300
Month
2017 Cooling Tower
Makeup (GalMon)
2014 Weather
Normalized Baseline
Water (GalMon)
1-Jan 928 01-Feb 15042 183011-Mar 46706 545561-Apr 52254 663501-May 54904 1075431-Jun 282322 3754191-Jul 398206 506684
1-Aug 298039 4451161-Sep 190375 2757491-Oct 61146 1086231-Nov 35554 449301-Dec 40005 0
Totals 1475482 2003273
NREL | 30
AWT 3 Economics
bull Installed costs higher than normal due to Fed Gov added factors and side stream filtration
bull OampM costs decreased due to reduce chemical usage staff time
bull Local rebates would have offset ~50 of installed cost if Fed Center was not on one master water meter
BaselineTested
Technology (After)1
Difference w Local
Sewer+Water Rate
($714kGal)
Difference w GSA Avg Water Rate
$1676kGal(Before)
Installation3 NA $21125 $21125 $21125 Annual Maintenance $5855yr $3333yr $2522yr $2522yr
Annual Water Consumption (Gallonsyr)
2003273 1475482 527791 527791
Annual Water Costs$14303 $10535 $3768 $8846($yr)
Simple Payback yrs 34 19Savings-to-
Investment RatioInteger value between 0
and 10060 108
NREL | 31
AWT 3 Energy Modeling
bull Energy Plus Commercial Building Reference Modelbull Post 1980 construction Large office building
498588 ft2
bull Modeled 3 CoC baseline 10 CoC 15 CoC
NREL | 32
AWT 3 Energy Modeling
bull Modeled water rates for each citybull Water rates vary significantly by city cities with
highest rates had highest savings
NREL | 33
AWT 3 Energy Modeling
bull Calculated SIR per location as a function of water rate (SIRgt1)
bull Used for high cost case of $25000
bull Does not include OampM cost savings
NREL | 34
AWT4 Technology Description
Scale controlElectro-catalytic process accelerates scale formation in the reactorsScale is easily removed from reactors
Expected Performancebull Blowdown water (and sewer) savings of 25-95 (CoC 30 or more)bull Elimination of chemicalsbull Energy savings ndash depending on the amount of scale in the baseline case
Corrosion controlMaintains balanced pH and mineral content to minimize corrosion
Biological Growth controlForms HOCl and Cl2 from the chlorides in the water for biocides
Dynamic Water Technologies amp Universal Environmental Technologiesbull Chemical free electrolysis
UET reactor skid
NREL | 35
AWT 4 Facility Description
Test site 1bull 240000 ft2 federal office building Savannah GAbull 2 250-ton chillers and 2 cooling towersbull 1 UET reactor skidbull Test period June ndash October 2017
Test site 2bull 530000 ft2 office building Los Angeles CAbull 2 800-ton and 2-500 ton chillers and 4 cooling towersbull 2 UET reactor skidsbull Test period June ndash October 2018 (ongoing)
NREL | 36
AWT 4 Water Savings and Water Quality
Water Savings bull Measured CoC gt 30bull Measured 98 reduction in
blowdownbull gt 1 million gal saved annually
Water Qualitybull No measured reduction in scaling bull Noticeable reduction in biological
growth and cleaning requirementsbull Observational improvements in
water qualitybull DWT maintains a high conductivity
setting (6000)
Scale removal from reactor cores
NREL | 37
AWT 4 Test Site 1 Results
Economic ParameterLocal Water
Rate $664kGal
GSA Avg Water Rate $1676kGal
Initial Cost ($) $59369 $59369 Cooling Tower Size (tons) 500 500Water Savings (Galyr) 1003300 1003300Water and Sewer Cost Savings ($yr) $6662 $16816 Annual Increase in OampM ($yr) ($720) ($720) Simple Payback with OampM (yrs) 10 37Savings to Investment Ratio 20 54
bull Installed costs higher than normal due to tech demo costs and Fed Gov added factors
bull Revised cost used in analysis
bull OampM costs increased slightly with annual service contract
NREL | 38
AWT4 Test Site 2 Results
bull Baseline period completebull DWT-UET system start up on 792018bull Expected testing through October 2018
Questions
michaelderunrelgov
jessedeannrelgov
Thank You
- Slide Number 1
- Cooling Tower Water Management Best Practices
- HVAC Research Team Call
- Cooling Tower Basics
- Balancing Cooling Tower Water Quality
- Cooling Tower Cycles of Concentration
- Corrosion vs Scale
- Genetic Biological Sampling
- Technology Testing Programs
- Emerging Technology Framework
- GSA Green Proving Ground Objectives
- Communicating MampV Outcomes from GSA Test Beds
- Technologies Tested by GPG with Published Results
- General AWT MampV Framework
- GSA Required Cooling Tower Water Quality
- AWT 1 Technology Description
- AWT 1 Facility Description
- AWT 1 Water Savings and Water Quality
- AWT 1 Economics
- AWT 2 Technology Description
- AWT 2 Facility Description
- AWT 2 Water Savings and Water Quality
- AWT 2 Economics
- Additional AWT 1 and 2 Deployments
- AWT 3 Technology Description
- AWT 3 Facility Description
- AWT 3 Performance Objectives
- AWT Regression Modeling
- AWT 3 Water Savings and Water Quality
- AWT 3 Economics
- AWT 3 Energy Modeling
- AWT 3 Energy Modeling
- AWT 3 Energy Modeling
- AWT4 Technology Description
- AWT 4 Facility Description
- AWT 4 Water Savings and Water Quality
- AWT 4 Test Site 1 Results
- AWT4 Test Site 2 Results
- Questions
- Thank You
-
NREL | 11
GSA Green Proving Ground Objectives
Identify promising technologies at the edge of commercialization
Pilot technology installations within GSArsquos real estate portfolio
Recommend technologies with broad deployment potential for GSA
Partner with Department of Energy national laboratories to objectively evaluate real-world performance
Reference httpswwwgsagovgovernmentwide-initiativessustainabilityemerging-building-technologiesabout-gsarsquos-proving-ground-gpg
NREL | 12
Communicating MampV Outcomes from GSA Test Beds
Technical report 4-page Findings Infographic Webinar Series
Reference httpswwwgsagovgovernmentwide-initiativessustainabilityemerging-building-technologiesabout-gsarsquos-proving-ground-gpg
NREL | 13
Technologies Tested by GPG with Published Results
Variable-Speed Maglev Chiller
Variable-speed Direct-drive Screw
Chiller
LED Fixtures with Integrated Controls
High-R Window Panel Retrofits
Occupant Responsive Lighting
Condensing Boilers Photovoltaics
PV GuidanceThermochromic amp
Electrochromic Windows
Integrated Daylighting Systems
Photovoltaic-Thermal System
Vacuum Insulated Panels for Roofing
Wood-Pellet-Fired Biomass
BoilerSolar Control Films
Weather Station for Irrigation Control
Non-Chemical Prevention of Hard
Water Scale
Wireless Advanced Lighting Controls
Electrochromic (EC) Windows for LPOEs
Honeycomb Solar Thermal
Collector
Control Optimization
System for Chiller Plants
EC Windows with Dynamic Controls for
General Office Space
Synchronous amp Cogged Fan Belts
Multi-staged Indirect
Evaporative Cooler
Wireless Pneumatic
Thermostats
Advanced Power Strips
Wireless Sensor Networks
Socially Driven HVAC Optimization
Variable Refrigerant Flow
Smart Ceiling Fans
Wireless Soil Moisture Sensors
for Irrigation Control
Broad Deployment Potential for GSA
LED Downlight Lamps for CFL
Fixtures
Linear LED Lighting Retrofits
Low-e Window Films
Building Envelope
HVAC Lighting Energy Management
Water On-Site Renewables
NREL | 14
General AWT MampV Framework
Typical MampV Pointsbull Condenser water supply and return
temperatures (degF)bull Condenser water pump status
(ONOFF) bull Cooling tower fan status (ONOFF)bull Chiller water supply and return
temperatures (degF)bull Chiller status (ONOFF) bull Outdoor air temperature (degF) and
humidity ()bull Cooling Tower Make Up Water meter
(Gal)bull Blowdown Water Meter (Gal)bull Chiller Plant Electrical Meter (kWh)
Primary Objective Measure cooling tower water savings measured in galton-hr
Conceptual model of the AWTs (Credit Joelynn Schroeder NREL)
NREL | 15
GSA Required Cooling Tower Water Quality
bull Water quality was tracked on monthly basis to ensure compliance with GSA Acceptable Ranges
bull Additional biological testing was conducted by NREL
Test Acceptable Ranges
T alkalinity (ppm) 100 - 1000pH 73 ndash 90
Chloride (ppm) 10 - 500Cycles gt2
Total Hardness (ppm) 500 - 1500Phosphate (ppm) 43327
Conductivity (mmHos) lt2400Bacteria Count (cfu) lt80000Water Appearance Clear
Iron (ppm) lt4Calcium Hardness (ppm) lt500
Magnesium Hardness (ppm) lt100Chlorides (ppm) lt250
Salt (ppm) lt410Sulfates (ppm) lt250
Silica (ppm) lt150ORP (mV) gt300
90-day Copper Coupon (mpy) lt0290-day Mild Steel Coupon (mpy) lt390-day Galvanized Steel (mpy) lt4
90-day Stainless Steel (mpy) lt01
NREL | 16
AWT 1 Technology Description
Terlyn Water Treatmentbull Uses a very strong scale
inhibitor new PLC controller side stream crushed glass media filter
bull Controller set 13-18 CoCrsquos based on TDS
bull Filter is backwashed for 30 seconds once a day using 300 gallonsday
Representative diagram of system design for Building 67 (Credit Joelynn Schroeder NREL)
Manufacturer Reference httpwwwterlyncom
NREL | 17
AWT 1 Facility Description
Building Locationbull Denver Federal Centerbull Building 67
Building Factsbull 342722 ft2 Office buildingbull 1200 occupants
Cooling Systembull (1) 900-ton chiller (1) 450-ton chillerbull (2) 600-ton cooling towersbull (1) flat plat heat-exchanger
NREL | 18
AWT 1 Water Savings and Water Quality
Water Savings bull Measured CoC ranged from 13-18bull Measured 94 reduction in blowdown
Water Qualitybull Realized significant reduction in scaling
ndash Increased run time of tower free cooling 6 F reduction in set point
bull Observational improvements in water qualitybull Conductivity (microsiemens) Control Range lt2400 maintained =
2540 - 7000 (5 - 290 outside range)
NREL | 19
AWT 1 Economics
bull Installed costs higher than normal due to Fed Gov added factors and side stream filtration
bull OampM costs increased due to increased scaling chemical costs and side stream filtration OampM
bull Local rebates would have offset ~50 of installed cost if Fed Center was not on one master water meter
Economic Parameter
Building 67 (AWT 2) at Local Water
Rate $714kGal
Building 67 (AWT 2) at
GSA Avg Water Rate $1676kGal
Initial Cost ($) $39900 $39900 Cooling Tower Size (tons) 1200 1200Water Savings (Galyr) 824448 824448Water and Sewer Cost Savings ($yr) $5887 $13818 Annual Increase in OampM ($yr) $3300 $3300 Simple Payback with OampM (yrs) 154 38Savings to Investment Ratio 13 53
NREL | 20
AWT 2 Technology Description
Water Conservation Technology International bull Salt based water softening
system to remove hardnessndash Polyethylene regeneration
tank and brine tankbull No need for corrosion or scale
inhibitor very little biocidebull Regeneration uses 70 gallons 2-
3 timesweek in summer 1 timeweek spring fall
Representative diagram of system layout for Building 25 (Credit Joelynn Schroeder NREL)
Manufacturer Reference httpswwwwater-cticomtechnologyhtml
NREL | 21
AWT 2 Facility Description
Building Locationbull Denver Federal Centerbull Building 25
Building Factsbull 360797 square feet ft2 office lab buildingbull 425 occupants
Cooling Systembull (2) 500-ton chillersbull (3) 500-ton cooling towersbull (1) flat plate heat-exchange
AWT 2 Regeneration and Brine Tank
AWT 2 Controller
NREL | 22
AWT 2 Water Savings and Water Quality
Water Savings bull Measured CoC ranged from 12-80bull Measured 99 reduction in blowdown
Water Qualitybull Realized significant reduction in OampMbull Increased run time of tower free coolingbull Observational improvements in water qualitybull Conductivity (microsiemens) Control range
lt2400 maintained = 8700 - 20000 (300 -800 outside range)
bull pH value Control range = 73ndash90 maintained = 96ndash102 (up to 13 outside range)
bull ldquoMrdquo Alkalinity (as CaCO3) Control range = 100ndash1000 ppm maintained = 1680 ndash 3004 (68 - 300 outside range)
Month 2012 2013Jan 5497 8830Feb 13421 6491Mar 3830 7836Apr 21667 18275May 25117 26930Jun 50585 40409Jul 73187 76667
Aug 62193 82485Sep 48304 73088Oct 35643 59251Nov 15175 26608Dec 12018 8830
Totals 366637 435702
Monthly Water Savings
NREL | 23
AWT 2 Economics
bull Installed costs higher than normal due to Fed Gov added factors and side stream filtration
bull OampM costs decreased due to reduce chemical usage staff time
bull Local rebates would have offset ~50 of installed cost if Fed Center was not on one master water meter
Economic Parameter
Building 25 (AWT 1) at Local Water
Rate $714kGal
Building 25 (AWT 1) at
GSA Avg Water Rate $1676kGal
Initial Cost ($) $29600 $29600 Cooling Tower Size (tons) 1500 1500Water Savings (Galyr) 401170 401170Water and Sewer Cost Savings ($yr) $2864 $6724
Annual Increase in OampM ($yr) ($2768) ($2768)Simple Payback with OampM (yrs) 53 31Savings to Investment Ratio 38 65
NREL | 24
Additional AWT 1 and 2 Deployments
Denver Federal Center Facility
AWT System Date Installed
Cooling Tower
Size (Tons)
Installed Cost ($)
Annual Water
Savings (Galyr)
Annual Water
Savings ($)
Annual Increas
e in OampM ($yr)
Total Annual
Cost Savings ($yr)
Simple Payback
(yrs)
Bldg20 AWT Technology 1 Nov-16 600 $31057 718597 $5131 ($2768
) $7899 39
Bldg41 AWT Technology 1 Jan-17 1000 $36976 180992
1 $12923 ($2768)
$15691 24
Bldg 85 AWT Technology 2 Jan-14 500 $8756 62450 $446 $1000 ($554) -158
Bldg56 AWT Technology 2 Jan-15 1000 $28557 661160 $4721 $2200 $2521 113
Bldg 810 AWT Technology 2 Jun-14 2 x 500 $31047 113145
0 $8079 $3300 $4779 65
Bldg810 USDA
AWT Technology 2 Mar-16 3 x 500 $31047 104800
0 $7483 $3300 $4183 74
NREL | 25
AWT 3 Technology Description
Silverbulletbull Uses a combination of ozone (O3)
hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) andor UV lights to generate highly reactive hydroxyl (OHbull) and oxygen free radicals
bull Air tube is ran into cooling tower basin and pumps AOP treated air into cooling tower basin
bull Elimination of scale inhibitor corrosion inhibitor potential elimination of biocide
Silver Bullet Interior Cabinet
Manufacturer Reference httpwwwsilverbulletcorpcomcommercial-cooling
NREL | 26
AWT 3 Facility Description
Building Locationbull Denver Federal Centerbull Building 95
Building Factsbull 163206 ft2 two-story bull Office laboratory building
Cooling Systembull (2) 250-ton water-cooled centrifugal
chillers bull (2) induced draft cooling tower
Silver Bullet Interior Cabinet
NREL | 27
AWT 3 Performance Objectives
Quantitative Objectives
Success Criteria Metrics amp Data MampV Results
Water Savingsgt10 reduction in cooling tower water makeup (galton-hr)
- Cooling tower makeup water- Chiller plant energy usage- Outside air conditions
Met Annual water savings 227 to 297
Reduction in Chemical Costs
gt90 reduction in annual chemical costs
-Pre- and post- annual chemical costs
Met Elimination of all chemicals other than biocides
Water ChemistryMeets or exceeds GSA cooling tower water chemistry requirements
- Pre- and post- water chemistry reports
Met GSA water chemistry requirements
Cost EffectivenessSimple payback Savings to Investment ratio (SIR)
- Payback lt 10 years SIRgt 1Met SPP of 34 yrs SIR of 6
Qualitative Objectives
Success Criteria Metrics amp Data MampV Results
Ease of Installation
Less than 2-day installation time
Labor hours to install technology
Met Less than 1 day to install
NREL | 28
AWT Regression Modeling
Baseline Daily Cooling Tower Makeup Water Regression
119862119862119862119862119862119862119862119862119862119862119862119862119862119862 119879119879119862119862119879119879119879119879119879119879 119872119872119872119872119872119872119879119879119872119872119872119872 119882119882119872119872119882119882119879119879119879119879= 1198881198880 + 1198881198881 119882119882119882119882119882119882_119882119882119882119882119882119882119882119882 + 1198881198882 119862119862119862119862119862119862119879119879119879119879119862119862119862119862 + 1198881198883 119862119862119882119882119879119879119879119879119872119872119862119862119862119862119862119862119882119882+ 1198881198884 1198621198621198621198621198621198621198791198791198791198791198621198621198621198622 + 1198881198885 119862119862119862119862119862119862119879119879119879119879119862119862119862119862 119862119862119882119882119879119879119879119879119872119872119862119862119862119862119862119862119882119882
NREL | 29
AWT 3 Water Savings and Water Quality
Water Savings bull Measured CoC ranged from 51-144bull Measured 263 reduction in
makeup water (blowdown not measured)
Water Qualitybull Realized reduction in chiller
condenser tube foulingbull Elimination of scaling corrosion
inhibitor uses small amount of biocide
bull ORP of 194 GSA range gt 300
Month
2017 Cooling Tower
Makeup (GalMon)
2014 Weather
Normalized Baseline
Water (GalMon)
1-Jan 928 01-Feb 15042 183011-Mar 46706 545561-Apr 52254 663501-May 54904 1075431-Jun 282322 3754191-Jul 398206 506684
1-Aug 298039 4451161-Sep 190375 2757491-Oct 61146 1086231-Nov 35554 449301-Dec 40005 0
Totals 1475482 2003273
NREL | 30
AWT 3 Economics
bull Installed costs higher than normal due to Fed Gov added factors and side stream filtration
bull OampM costs decreased due to reduce chemical usage staff time
bull Local rebates would have offset ~50 of installed cost if Fed Center was not on one master water meter
BaselineTested
Technology (After)1
Difference w Local
Sewer+Water Rate
($714kGal)
Difference w GSA Avg Water Rate
$1676kGal(Before)
Installation3 NA $21125 $21125 $21125 Annual Maintenance $5855yr $3333yr $2522yr $2522yr
Annual Water Consumption (Gallonsyr)
2003273 1475482 527791 527791
Annual Water Costs$14303 $10535 $3768 $8846($yr)
Simple Payback yrs 34 19Savings-to-
Investment RatioInteger value between 0
and 10060 108
NREL | 31
AWT 3 Energy Modeling
bull Energy Plus Commercial Building Reference Modelbull Post 1980 construction Large office building
498588 ft2
bull Modeled 3 CoC baseline 10 CoC 15 CoC
NREL | 32
AWT 3 Energy Modeling
bull Modeled water rates for each citybull Water rates vary significantly by city cities with
highest rates had highest savings
NREL | 33
AWT 3 Energy Modeling
bull Calculated SIR per location as a function of water rate (SIRgt1)
bull Used for high cost case of $25000
bull Does not include OampM cost savings
NREL | 34
AWT4 Technology Description
Scale controlElectro-catalytic process accelerates scale formation in the reactorsScale is easily removed from reactors
Expected Performancebull Blowdown water (and sewer) savings of 25-95 (CoC 30 or more)bull Elimination of chemicalsbull Energy savings ndash depending on the amount of scale in the baseline case
Corrosion controlMaintains balanced pH and mineral content to minimize corrosion
Biological Growth controlForms HOCl and Cl2 from the chlorides in the water for biocides
Dynamic Water Technologies amp Universal Environmental Technologiesbull Chemical free electrolysis
UET reactor skid
NREL | 35
AWT 4 Facility Description
Test site 1bull 240000 ft2 federal office building Savannah GAbull 2 250-ton chillers and 2 cooling towersbull 1 UET reactor skidbull Test period June ndash October 2017
Test site 2bull 530000 ft2 office building Los Angeles CAbull 2 800-ton and 2-500 ton chillers and 4 cooling towersbull 2 UET reactor skidsbull Test period June ndash October 2018 (ongoing)
NREL | 36
AWT 4 Water Savings and Water Quality
Water Savings bull Measured CoC gt 30bull Measured 98 reduction in
blowdownbull gt 1 million gal saved annually
Water Qualitybull No measured reduction in scaling bull Noticeable reduction in biological
growth and cleaning requirementsbull Observational improvements in
water qualitybull DWT maintains a high conductivity
setting (6000)
Scale removal from reactor cores
NREL | 37
AWT 4 Test Site 1 Results
Economic ParameterLocal Water
Rate $664kGal
GSA Avg Water Rate $1676kGal
Initial Cost ($) $59369 $59369 Cooling Tower Size (tons) 500 500Water Savings (Galyr) 1003300 1003300Water and Sewer Cost Savings ($yr) $6662 $16816 Annual Increase in OampM ($yr) ($720) ($720) Simple Payback with OampM (yrs) 10 37Savings to Investment Ratio 20 54
bull Installed costs higher than normal due to tech demo costs and Fed Gov added factors
bull Revised cost used in analysis
bull OampM costs increased slightly with annual service contract
NREL | 38
AWT4 Test Site 2 Results
bull Baseline period completebull DWT-UET system start up on 792018bull Expected testing through October 2018
Questions
michaelderunrelgov
jessedeannrelgov
Thank You
- Slide Number 1
- Cooling Tower Water Management Best Practices
- HVAC Research Team Call
- Cooling Tower Basics
- Balancing Cooling Tower Water Quality
- Cooling Tower Cycles of Concentration
- Corrosion vs Scale
- Genetic Biological Sampling
- Technology Testing Programs
- Emerging Technology Framework
- GSA Green Proving Ground Objectives
- Communicating MampV Outcomes from GSA Test Beds
- Technologies Tested by GPG with Published Results
- General AWT MampV Framework
- GSA Required Cooling Tower Water Quality
- AWT 1 Technology Description
- AWT 1 Facility Description
- AWT 1 Water Savings and Water Quality
- AWT 1 Economics
- AWT 2 Technology Description
- AWT 2 Facility Description
- AWT 2 Water Savings and Water Quality
- AWT 2 Economics
- Additional AWT 1 and 2 Deployments
- AWT 3 Technology Description
- AWT 3 Facility Description
- AWT 3 Performance Objectives
- AWT Regression Modeling
- AWT 3 Water Savings and Water Quality
- AWT 3 Economics
- AWT 3 Energy Modeling
- AWT 3 Energy Modeling
- AWT 3 Energy Modeling
- AWT4 Technology Description
- AWT 4 Facility Description
- AWT 4 Water Savings and Water Quality
- AWT 4 Test Site 1 Results
- AWT4 Test Site 2 Results
- Questions
- Thank You
-
NREL | 12
Communicating MampV Outcomes from GSA Test Beds
Technical report 4-page Findings Infographic Webinar Series
Reference httpswwwgsagovgovernmentwide-initiativessustainabilityemerging-building-technologiesabout-gsarsquos-proving-ground-gpg
NREL | 13
Technologies Tested by GPG with Published Results
Variable-Speed Maglev Chiller
Variable-speed Direct-drive Screw
Chiller
LED Fixtures with Integrated Controls
High-R Window Panel Retrofits
Occupant Responsive Lighting
Condensing Boilers Photovoltaics
PV GuidanceThermochromic amp
Electrochromic Windows
Integrated Daylighting Systems
Photovoltaic-Thermal System
Vacuum Insulated Panels for Roofing
Wood-Pellet-Fired Biomass
BoilerSolar Control Films
Weather Station for Irrigation Control
Non-Chemical Prevention of Hard
Water Scale
Wireless Advanced Lighting Controls
Electrochromic (EC) Windows for LPOEs
Honeycomb Solar Thermal
Collector
Control Optimization
System for Chiller Plants
EC Windows with Dynamic Controls for
General Office Space
Synchronous amp Cogged Fan Belts
Multi-staged Indirect
Evaporative Cooler
Wireless Pneumatic
Thermostats
Advanced Power Strips
Wireless Sensor Networks
Socially Driven HVAC Optimization
Variable Refrigerant Flow
Smart Ceiling Fans
Wireless Soil Moisture Sensors
for Irrigation Control
Broad Deployment Potential for GSA
LED Downlight Lamps for CFL
Fixtures
Linear LED Lighting Retrofits
Low-e Window Films
Building Envelope
HVAC Lighting Energy Management
Water On-Site Renewables
NREL | 14
General AWT MampV Framework
Typical MampV Pointsbull Condenser water supply and return
temperatures (degF)bull Condenser water pump status
(ONOFF) bull Cooling tower fan status (ONOFF)bull Chiller water supply and return
temperatures (degF)bull Chiller status (ONOFF) bull Outdoor air temperature (degF) and
humidity ()bull Cooling Tower Make Up Water meter
(Gal)bull Blowdown Water Meter (Gal)bull Chiller Plant Electrical Meter (kWh)
Primary Objective Measure cooling tower water savings measured in galton-hr
Conceptual model of the AWTs (Credit Joelynn Schroeder NREL)
NREL | 15
GSA Required Cooling Tower Water Quality
bull Water quality was tracked on monthly basis to ensure compliance with GSA Acceptable Ranges
bull Additional biological testing was conducted by NREL
Test Acceptable Ranges
T alkalinity (ppm) 100 - 1000pH 73 ndash 90
Chloride (ppm) 10 - 500Cycles gt2
Total Hardness (ppm) 500 - 1500Phosphate (ppm) 43327
Conductivity (mmHos) lt2400Bacteria Count (cfu) lt80000Water Appearance Clear
Iron (ppm) lt4Calcium Hardness (ppm) lt500
Magnesium Hardness (ppm) lt100Chlorides (ppm) lt250
Salt (ppm) lt410Sulfates (ppm) lt250
Silica (ppm) lt150ORP (mV) gt300
90-day Copper Coupon (mpy) lt0290-day Mild Steel Coupon (mpy) lt390-day Galvanized Steel (mpy) lt4
90-day Stainless Steel (mpy) lt01
NREL | 16
AWT 1 Technology Description
Terlyn Water Treatmentbull Uses a very strong scale
inhibitor new PLC controller side stream crushed glass media filter
bull Controller set 13-18 CoCrsquos based on TDS
bull Filter is backwashed for 30 seconds once a day using 300 gallonsday
Representative diagram of system design for Building 67 (Credit Joelynn Schroeder NREL)
Manufacturer Reference httpwwwterlyncom
NREL | 17
AWT 1 Facility Description
Building Locationbull Denver Federal Centerbull Building 67
Building Factsbull 342722 ft2 Office buildingbull 1200 occupants
Cooling Systembull (1) 900-ton chiller (1) 450-ton chillerbull (2) 600-ton cooling towersbull (1) flat plat heat-exchanger
NREL | 18
AWT 1 Water Savings and Water Quality
Water Savings bull Measured CoC ranged from 13-18bull Measured 94 reduction in blowdown
Water Qualitybull Realized significant reduction in scaling
ndash Increased run time of tower free cooling 6 F reduction in set point
bull Observational improvements in water qualitybull Conductivity (microsiemens) Control Range lt2400 maintained =
2540 - 7000 (5 - 290 outside range)
NREL | 19
AWT 1 Economics
bull Installed costs higher than normal due to Fed Gov added factors and side stream filtration
bull OampM costs increased due to increased scaling chemical costs and side stream filtration OampM
bull Local rebates would have offset ~50 of installed cost if Fed Center was not on one master water meter
Economic Parameter
Building 67 (AWT 2) at Local Water
Rate $714kGal
Building 67 (AWT 2) at
GSA Avg Water Rate $1676kGal
Initial Cost ($) $39900 $39900 Cooling Tower Size (tons) 1200 1200Water Savings (Galyr) 824448 824448Water and Sewer Cost Savings ($yr) $5887 $13818 Annual Increase in OampM ($yr) $3300 $3300 Simple Payback with OampM (yrs) 154 38Savings to Investment Ratio 13 53
NREL | 20
AWT 2 Technology Description
Water Conservation Technology International bull Salt based water softening
system to remove hardnessndash Polyethylene regeneration
tank and brine tankbull No need for corrosion or scale
inhibitor very little biocidebull Regeneration uses 70 gallons 2-
3 timesweek in summer 1 timeweek spring fall
Representative diagram of system layout for Building 25 (Credit Joelynn Schroeder NREL)
Manufacturer Reference httpswwwwater-cticomtechnologyhtml
NREL | 21
AWT 2 Facility Description
Building Locationbull Denver Federal Centerbull Building 25
Building Factsbull 360797 square feet ft2 office lab buildingbull 425 occupants
Cooling Systembull (2) 500-ton chillersbull (3) 500-ton cooling towersbull (1) flat plate heat-exchange
AWT 2 Regeneration and Brine Tank
AWT 2 Controller
NREL | 22
AWT 2 Water Savings and Water Quality
Water Savings bull Measured CoC ranged from 12-80bull Measured 99 reduction in blowdown
Water Qualitybull Realized significant reduction in OampMbull Increased run time of tower free coolingbull Observational improvements in water qualitybull Conductivity (microsiemens) Control range
lt2400 maintained = 8700 - 20000 (300 -800 outside range)
bull pH value Control range = 73ndash90 maintained = 96ndash102 (up to 13 outside range)
bull ldquoMrdquo Alkalinity (as CaCO3) Control range = 100ndash1000 ppm maintained = 1680 ndash 3004 (68 - 300 outside range)
Month 2012 2013Jan 5497 8830Feb 13421 6491Mar 3830 7836Apr 21667 18275May 25117 26930Jun 50585 40409Jul 73187 76667
Aug 62193 82485Sep 48304 73088Oct 35643 59251Nov 15175 26608Dec 12018 8830
Totals 366637 435702
Monthly Water Savings
NREL | 23
AWT 2 Economics
bull Installed costs higher than normal due to Fed Gov added factors and side stream filtration
bull OampM costs decreased due to reduce chemical usage staff time
bull Local rebates would have offset ~50 of installed cost if Fed Center was not on one master water meter
Economic Parameter
Building 25 (AWT 1) at Local Water
Rate $714kGal
Building 25 (AWT 1) at
GSA Avg Water Rate $1676kGal
Initial Cost ($) $29600 $29600 Cooling Tower Size (tons) 1500 1500Water Savings (Galyr) 401170 401170Water and Sewer Cost Savings ($yr) $2864 $6724
Annual Increase in OampM ($yr) ($2768) ($2768)Simple Payback with OampM (yrs) 53 31Savings to Investment Ratio 38 65
NREL | 24
Additional AWT 1 and 2 Deployments
Denver Federal Center Facility
AWT System Date Installed
Cooling Tower
Size (Tons)
Installed Cost ($)
Annual Water
Savings (Galyr)
Annual Water
Savings ($)
Annual Increas
e in OampM ($yr)
Total Annual
Cost Savings ($yr)
Simple Payback
(yrs)
Bldg20 AWT Technology 1 Nov-16 600 $31057 718597 $5131 ($2768
) $7899 39
Bldg41 AWT Technology 1 Jan-17 1000 $36976 180992
1 $12923 ($2768)
$15691 24
Bldg 85 AWT Technology 2 Jan-14 500 $8756 62450 $446 $1000 ($554) -158
Bldg56 AWT Technology 2 Jan-15 1000 $28557 661160 $4721 $2200 $2521 113
Bldg 810 AWT Technology 2 Jun-14 2 x 500 $31047 113145
0 $8079 $3300 $4779 65
Bldg810 USDA
AWT Technology 2 Mar-16 3 x 500 $31047 104800
0 $7483 $3300 $4183 74
NREL | 25
AWT 3 Technology Description
Silverbulletbull Uses a combination of ozone (O3)
hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) andor UV lights to generate highly reactive hydroxyl (OHbull) and oxygen free radicals
bull Air tube is ran into cooling tower basin and pumps AOP treated air into cooling tower basin
bull Elimination of scale inhibitor corrosion inhibitor potential elimination of biocide
Silver Bullet Interior Cabinet
Manufacturer Reference httpwwwsilverbulletcorpcomcommercial-cooling
NREL | 26
AWT 3 Facility Description
Building Locationbull Denver Federal Centerbull Building 95
Building Factsbull 163206 ft2 two-story bull Office laboratory building
Cooling Systembull (2) 250-ton water-cooled centrifugal
chillers bull (2) induced draft cooling tower
Silver Bullet Interior Cabinet
NREL | 27
AWT 3 Performance Objectives
Quantitative Objectives
Success Criteria Metrics amp Data MampV Results
Water Savingsgt10 reduction in cooling tower water makeup (galton-hr)
- Cooling tower makeup water- Chiller plant energy usage- Outside air conditions
Met Annual water savings 227 to 297
Reduction in Chemical Costs
gt90 reduction in annual chemical costs
-Pre- and post- annual chemical costs
Met Elimination of all chemicals other than biocides
Water ChemistryMeets or exceeds GSA cooling tower water chemistry requirements
- Pre- and post- water chemistry reports
Met GSA water chemistry requirements
Cost EffectivenessSimple payback Savings to Investment ratio (SIR)
- Payback lt 10 years SIRgt 1Met SPP of 34 yrs SIR of 6
Qualitative Objectives
Success Criteria Metrics amp Data MampV Results
Ease of Installation
Less than 2-day installation time
Labor hours to install technology
Met Less than 1 day to install
NREL | 28
AWT Regression Modeling
Baseline Daily Cooling Tower Makeup Water Regression
119862119862119862119862119862119862119862119862119862119862119862119862119862119862 119879119879119862119862119879119879119879119879119879119879 119872119872119872119872119872119872119879119879119872119872119872119872 119882119882119872119872119882119882119879119879119879119879= 1198881198880 + 1198881198881 119882119882119882119882119882119882_119882119882119882119882119882119882119882119882 + 1198881198882 119862119862119862119862119862119862119879119879119879119879119862119862119862119862 + 1198881198883 119862119862119882119882119879119879119879119879119872119872119862119862119862119862119862119862119882119882+ 1198881198884 1198621198621198621198621198621198621198791198791198791198791198621198621198621198622 + 1198881198885 119862119862119862119862119862119862119879119879119879119879119862119862119862119862 119862119862119882119882119879119879119879119879119872119872119862119862119862119862119862119862119882119882
NREL | 29
AWT 3 Water Savings and Water Quality
Water Savings bull Measured CoC ranged from 51-144bull Measured 263 reduction in
makeup water (blowdown not measured)
Water Qualitybull Realized reduction in chiller
condenser tube foulingbull Elimination of scaling corrosion
inhibitor uses small amount of biocide
bull ORP of 194 GSA range gt 300
Month
2017 Cooling Tower
Makeup (GalMon)
2014 Weather
Normalized Baseline
Water (GalMon)
1-Jan 928 01-Feb 15042 183011-Mar 46706 545561-Apr 52254 663501-May 54904 1075431-Jun 282322 3754191-Jul 398206 506684
1-Aug 298039 4451161-Sep 190375 2757491-Oct 61146 1086231-Nov 35554 449301-Dec 40005 0
Totals 1475482 2003273
NREL | 30
AWT 3 Economics
bull Installed costs higher than normal due to Fed Gov added factors and side stream filtration
bull OampM costs decreased due to reduce chemical usage staff time
bull Local rebates would have offset ~50 of installed cost if Fed Center was not on one master water meter
BaselineTested
Technology (After)1
Difference w Local
Sewer+Water Rate
($714kGal)
Difference w GSA Avg Water Rate
$1676kGal(Before)
Installation3 NA $21125 $21125 $21125 Annual Maintenance $5855yr $3333yr $2522yr $2522yr
Annual Water Consumption (Gallonsyr)
2003273 1475482 527791 527791
Annual Water Costs$14303 $10535 $3768 $8846($yr)
Simple Payback yrs 34 19Savings-to-
Investment RatioInteger value between 0
and 10060 108
NREL | 31
AWT 3 Energy Modeling
bull Energy Plus Commercial Building Reference Modelbull Post 1980 construction Large office building
498588 ft2
bull Modeled 3 CoC baseline 10 CoC 15 CoC
NREL | 32
AWT 3 Energy Modeling
bull Modeled water rates for each citybull Water rates vary significantly by city cities with
highest rates had highest savings
NREL | 33
AWT 3 Energy Modeling
bull Calculated SIR per location as a function of water rate (SIRgt1)
bull Used for high cost case of $25000
bull Does not include OampM cost savings
NREL | 34
AWT4 Technology Description
Scale controlElectro-catalytic process accelerates scale formation in the reactorsScale is easily removed from reactors
Expected Performancebull Blowdown water (and sewer) savings of 25-95 (CoC 30 or more)bull Elimination of chemicalsbull Energy savings ndash depending on the amount of scale in the baseline case
Corrosion controlMaintains balanced pH and mineral content to minimize corrosion
Biological Growth controlForms HOCl and Cl2 from the chlorides in the water for biocides
Dynamic Water Technologies amp Universal Environmental Technologiesbull Chemical free electrolysis
UET reactor skid
NREL | 35
AWT 4 Facility Description
Test site 1bull 240000 ft2 federal office building Savannah GAbull 2 250-ton chillers and 2 cooling towersbull 1 UET reactor skidbull Test period June ndash October 2017
Test site 2bull 530000 ft2 office building Los Angeles CAbull 2 800-ton and 2-500 ton chillers and 4 cooling towersbull 2 UET reactor skidsbull Test period June ndash October 2018 (ongoing)
NREL | 36
AWT 4 Water Savings and Water Quality
Water Savings bull Measured CoC gt 30bull Measured 98 reduction in
blowdownbull gt 1 million gal saved annually
Water Qualitybull No measured reduction in scaling bull Noticeable reduction in biological
growth and cleaning requirementsbull Observational improvements in
water qualitybull DWT maintains a high conductivity
setting (6000)
Scale removal from reactor cores
NREL | 37
AWT 4 Test Site 1 Results
Economic ParameterLocal Water
Rate $664kGal
GSA Avg Water Rate $1676kGal
Initial Cost ($) $59369 $59369 Cooling Tower Size (tons) 500 500Water Savings (Galyr) 1003300 1003300Water and Sewer Cost Savings ($yr) $6662 $16816 Annual Increase in OampM ($yr) ($720) ($720) Simple Payback with OampM (yrs) 10 37Savings to Investment Ratio 20 54
bull Installed costs higher than normal due to tech demo costs and Fed Gov added factors
bull Revised cost used in analysis
bull OampM costs increased slightly with annual service contract
NREL | 38
AWT4 Test Site 2 Results
bull Baseline period completebull DWT-UET system start up on 792018bull Expected testing through October 2018
Questions
michaelderunrelgov
jessedeannrelgov
Thank You
- Slide Number 1
- Cooling Tower Water Management Best Practices
- HVAC Research Team Call
- Cooling Tower Basics
- Balancing Cooling Tower Water Quality
- Cooling Tower Cycles of Concentration
- Corrosion vs Scale
- Genetic Biological Sampling
- Technology Testing Programs
- Emerging Technology Framework
- GSA Green Proving Ground Objectives
- Communicating MampV Outcomes from GSA Test Beds
- Technologies Tested by GPG with Published Results
- General AWT MampV Framework
- GSA Required Cooling Tower Water Quality
- AWT 1 Technology Description
- AWT 1 Facility Description
- AWT 1 Water Savings and Water Quality
- AWT 1 Economics
- AWT 2 Technology Description
- AWT 2 Facility Description
- AWT 2 Water Savings and Water Quality
- AWT 2 Economics
- Additional AWT 1 and 2 Deployments
- AWT 3 Technology Description
- AWT 3 Facility Description
- AWT 3 Performance Objectives
- AWT Regression Modeling
- AWT 3 Water Savings and Water Quality
- AWT 3 Economics
- AWT 3 Energy Modeling
- AWT 3 Energy Modeling
- AWT 3 Energy Modeling
- AWT4 Technology Description
- AWT 4 Facility Description
- AWT 4 Water Savings and Water Quality
- AWT 4 Test Site 1 Results
- AWT4 Test Site 2 Results
- Questions
- Thank You
-
NREL | 13
Technologies Tested by GPG with Published Results
Variable-Speed Maglev Chiller
Variable-speed Direct-drive Screw
Chiller
LED Fixtures with Integrated Controls
High-R Window Panel Retrofits
Occupant Responsive Lighting
Condensing Boilers Photovoltaics
PV GuidanceThermochromic amp
Electrochromic Windows
Integrated Daylighting Systems
Photovoltaic-Thermal System
Vacuum Insulated Panels for Roofing
Wood-Pellet-Fired Biomass
BoilerSolar Control Films
Weather Station for Irrigation Control
Non-Chemical Prevention of Hard
Water Scale
Wireless Advanced Lighting Controls
Electrochromic (EC) Windows for LPOEs
Honeycomb Solar Thermal
Collector
Control Optimization
System for Chiller Plants
EC Windows with Dynamic Controls for
General Office Space
Synchronous amp Cogged Fan Belts
Multi-staged Indirect
Evaporative Cooler
Wireless Pneumatic
Thermostats
Advanced Power Strips
Wireless Sensor Networks
Socially Driven HVAC Optimization
Variable Refrigerant Flow
Smart Ceiling Fans
Wireless Soil Moisture Sensors
for Irrigation Control
Broad Deployment Potential for GSA
LED Downlight Lamps for CFL
Fixtures
Linear LED Lighting Retrofits
Low-e Window Films
Building Envelope
HVAC Lighting Energy Management
Water On-Site Renewables
NREL | 14
General AWT MampV Framework
Typical MampV Pointsbull Condenser water supply and return
temperatures (degF)bull Condenser water pump status
(ONOFF) bull Cooling tower fan status (ONOFF)bull Chiller water supply and return
temperatures (degF)bull Chiller status (ONOFF) bull Outdoor air temperature (degF) and
humidity ()bull Cooling Tower Make Up Water meter
(Gal)bull Blowdown Water Meter (Gal)bull Chiller Plant Electrical Meter (kWh)
Primary Objective Measure cooling tower water savings measured in galton-hr
Conceptual model of the AWTs (Credit Joelynn Schroeder NREL)
NREL | 15
GSA Required Cooling Tower Water Quality
bull Water quality was tracked on monthly basis to ensure compliance with GSA Acceptable Ranges
bull Additional biological testing was conducted by NREL
Test Acceptable Ranges
T alkalinity (ppm) 100 - 1000pH 73 ndash 90
Chloride (ppm) 10 - 500Cycles gt2
Total Hardness (ppm) 500 - 1500Phosphate (ppm) 43327
Conductivity (mmHos) lt2400Bacteria Count (cfu) lt80000Water Appearance Clear
Iron (ppm) lt4Calcium Hardness (ppm) lt500
Magnesium Hardness (ppm) lt100Chlorides (ppm) lt250
Salt (ppm) lt410Sulfates (ppm) lt250
Silica (ppm) lt150ORP (mV) gt300
90-day Copper Coupon (mpy) lt0290-day Mild Steel Coupon (mpy) lt390-day Galvanized Steel (mpy) lt4
90-day Stainless Steel (mpy) lt01
NREL | 16
AWT 1 Technology Description
Terlyn Water Treatmentbull Uses a very strong scale
inhibitor new PLC controller side stream crushed glass media filter
bull Controller set 13-18 CoCrsquos based on TDS
bull Filter is backwashed for 30 seconds once a day using 300 gallonsday
Representative diagram of system design for Building 67 (Credit Joelynn Schroeder NREL)
Manufacturer Reference httpwwwterlyncom
NREL | 17
AWT 1 Facility Description
Building Locationbull Denver Federal Centerbull Building 67
Building Factsbull 342722 ft2 Office buildingbull 1200 occupants
Cooling Systembull (1) 900-ton chiller (1) 450-ton chillerbull (2) 600-ton cooling towersbull (1) flat plat heat-exchanger
NREL | 18
AWT 1 Water Savings and Water Quality
Water Savings bull Measured CoC ranged from 13-18bull Measured 94 reduction in blowdown
Water Qualitybull Realized significant reduction in scaling
ndash Increased run time of tower free cooling 6 F reduction in set point
bull Observational improvements in water qualitybull Conductivity (microsiemens) Control Range lt2400 maintained =
2540 - 7000 (5 - 290 outside range)
NREL | 19
AWT 1 Economics
bull Installed costs higher than normal due to Fed Gov added factors and side stream filtration
bull OampM costs increased due to increased scaling chemical costs and side stream filtration OampM
bull Local rebates would have offset ~50 of installed cost if Fed Center was not on one master water meter
Economic Parameter
Building 67 (AWT 2) at Local Water
Rate $714kGal
Building 67 (AWT 2) at
GSA Avg Water Rate $1676kGal
Initial Cost ($) $39900 $39900 Cooling Tower Size (tons) 1200 1200Water Savings (Galyr) 824448 824448Water and Sewer Cost Savings ($yr) $5887 $13818 Annual Increase in OampM ($yr) $3300 $3300 Simple Payback with OampM (yrs) 154 38Savings to Investment Ratio 13 53
NREL | 20
AWT 2 Technology Description
Water Conservation Technology International bull Salt based water softening
system to remove hardnessndash Polyethylene regeneration
tank and brine tankbull No need for corrosion or scale
inhibitor very little biocidebull Regeneration uses 70 gallons 2-
3 timesweek in summer 1 timeweek spring fall
Representative diagram of system layout for Building 25 (Credit Joelynn Schroeder NREL)
Manufacturer Reference httpswwwwater-cticomtechnologyhtml
NREL | 21
AWT 2 Facility Description
Building Locationbull Denver Federal Centerbull Building 25
Building Factsbull 360797 square feet ft2 office lab buildingbull 425 occupants
Cooling Systembull (2) 500-ton chillersbull (3) 500-ton cooling towersbull (1) flat plate heat-exchange
AWT 2 Regeneration and Brine Tank
AWT 2 Controller
NREL | 22
AWT 2 Water Savings and Water Quality
Water Savings bull Measured CoC ranged from 12-80bull Measured 99 reduction in blowdown
Water Qualitybull Realized significant reduction in OampMbull Increased run time of tower free coolingbull Observational improvements in water qualitybull Conductivity (microsiemens) Control range
lt2400 maintained = 8700 - 20000 (300 -800 outside range)
bull pH value Control range = 73ndash90 maintained = 96ndash102 (up to 13 outside range)
bull ldquoMrdquo Alkalinity (as CaCO3) Control range = 100ndash1000 ppm maintained = 1680 ndash 3004 (68 - 300 outside range)
Month 2012 2013Jan 5497 8830Feb 13421 6491Mar 3830 7836Apr 21667 18275May 25117 26930Jun 50585 40409Jul 73187 76667
Aug 62193 82485Sep 48304 73088Oct 35643 59251Nov 15175 26608Dec 12018 8830
Totals 366637 435702
Monthly Water Savings
NREL | 23
AWT 2 Economics
bull Installed costs higher than normal due to Fed Gov added factors and side stream filtration
bull OampM costs decreased due to reduce chemical usage staff time
bull Local rebates would have offset ~50 of installed cost if Fed Center was not on one master water meter
Economic Parameter
Building 25 (AWT 1) at Local Water
Rate $714kGal
Building 25 (AWT 1) at
GSA Avg Water Rate $1676kGal
Initial Cost ($) $29600 $29600 Cooling Tower Size (tons) 1500 1500Water Savings (Galyr) 401170 401170Water and Sewer Cost Savings ($yr) $2864 $6724
Annual Increase in OampM ($yr) ($2768) ($2768)Simple Payback with OampM (yrs) 53 31Savings to Investment Ratio 38 65
NREL | 24
Additional AWT 1 and 2 Deployments
Denver Federal Center Facility
AWT System Date Installed
Cooling Tower
Size (Tons)
Installed Cost ($)
Annual Water
Savings (Galyr)
Annual Water
Savings ($)
Annual Increas
e in OampM ($yr)
Total Annual
Cost Savings ($yr)
Simple Payback
(yrs)
Bldg20 AWT Technology 1 Nov-16 600 $31057 718597 $5131 ($2768
) $7899 39
Bldg41 AWT Technology 1 Jan-17 1000 $36976 180992
1 $12923 ($2768)
$15691 24
Bldg 85 AWT Technology 2 Jan-14 500 $8756 62450 $446 $1000 ($554) -158
Bldg56 AWT Technology 2 Jan-15 1000 $28557 661160 $4721 $2200 $2521 113
Bldg 810 AWT Technology 2 Jun-14 2 x 500 $31047 113145
0 $8079 $3300 $4779 65
Bldg810 USDA
AWT Technology 2 Mar-16 3 x 500 $31047 104800
0 $7483 $3300 $4183 74
NREL | 25
AWT 3 Technology Description
Silverbulletbull Uses a combination of ozone (O3)
hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) andor UV lights to generate highly reactive hydroxyl (OHbull) and oxygen free radicals
bull Air tube is ran into cooling tower basin and pumps AOP treated air into cooling tower basin
bull Elimination of scale inhibitor corrosion inhibitor potential elimination of biocide
Silver Bullet Interior Cabinet
Manufacturer Reference httpwwwsilverbulletcorpcomcommercial-cooling
NREL | 26
AWT 3 Facility Description
Building Locationbull Denver Federal Centerbull Building 95
Building Factsbull 163206 ft2 two-story bull Office laboratory building
Cooling Systembull (2) 250-ton water-cooled centrifugal
chillers bull (2) induced draft cooling tower
Silver Bullet Interior Cabinet
NREL | 27
AWT 3 Performance Objectives
Quantitative Objectives
Success Criteria Metrics amp Data MampV Results
Water Savingsgt10 reduction in cooling tower water makeup (galton-hr)
- Cooling tower makeup water- Chiller plant energy usage- Outside air conditions
Met Annual water savings 227 to 297
Reduction in Chemical Costs
gt90 reduction in annual chemical costs
-Pre- and post- annual chemical costs
Met Elimination of all chemicals other than biocides
Water ChemistryMeets or exceeds GSA cooling tower water chemistry requirements
- Pre- and post- water chemistry reports
Met GSA water chemistry requirements
Cost EffectivenessSimple payback Savings to Investment ratio (SIR)
- Payback lt 10 years SIRgt 1Met SPP of 34 yrs SIR of 6
Qualitative Objectives
Success Criteria Metrics amp Data MampV Results
Ease of Installation
Less than 2-day installation time
Labor hours to install technology
Met Less than 1 day to install
NREL | 28
AWT Regression Modeling
Baseline Daily Cooling Tower Makeup Water Regression
119862119862119862119862119862119862119862119862119862119862119862119862119862119862 119879119879119862119862119879119879119879119879119879119879 119872119872119872119872119872119872119879119879119872119872119872119872 119882119882119872119872119882119882119879119879119879119879= 1198881198880 + 1198881198881 119882119882119882119882119882119882_119882119882119882119882119882119882119882119882 + 1198881198882 119862119862119862119862119862119862119879119879119879119879119862119862119862119862 + 1198881198883 119862119862119882119882119879119879119879119879119872119872119862119862119862119862119862119862119882119882+ 1198881198884 1198621198621198621198621198621198621198791198791198791198791198621198621198621198622 + 1198881198885 119862119862119862119862119862119862119879119879119879119879119862119862119862119862 119862119862119882119882119879119879119879119879119872119872119862119862119862119862119862119862119882119882
NREL | 29
AWT 3 Water Savings and Water Quality
Water Savings bull Measured CoC ranged from 51-144bull Measured 263 reduction in
makeup water (blowdown not measured)
Water Qualitybull Realized reduction in chiller
condenser tube foulingbull Elimination of scaling corrosion
inhibitor uses small amount of biocide
bull ORP of 194 GSA range gt 300
Month
2017 Cooling Tower
Makeup (GalMon)
2014 Weather
Normalized Baseline
Water (GalMon)
1-Jan 928 01-Feb 15042 183011-Mar 46706 545561-Apr 52254 663501-May 54904 1075431-Jun 282322 3754191-Jul 398206 506684
1-Aug 298039 4451161-Sep 190375 2757491-Oct 61146 1086231-Nov 35554 449301-Dec 40005 0
Totals 1475482 2003273
NREL | 30
AWT 3 Economics
bull Installed costs higher than normal due to Fed Gov added factors and side stream filtration
bull OampM costs decreased due to reduce chemical usage staff time
bull Local rebates would have offset ~50 of installed cost if Fed Center was not on one master water meter
BaselineTested
Technology (After)1
Difference w Local
Sewer+Water Rate
($714kGal)
Difference w GSA Avg Water Rate
$1676kGal(Before)
Installation3 NA $21125 $21125 $21125 Annual Maintenance $5855yr $3333yr $2522yr $2522yr
Annual Water Consumption (Gallonsyr)
2003273 1475482 527791 527791
Annual Water Costs$14303 $10535 $3768 $8846($yr)
Simple Payback yrs 34 19Savings-to-
Investment RatioInteger value between 0
and 10060 108
NREL | 31
AWT 3 Energy Modeling
bull Energy Plus Commercial Building Reference Modelbull Post 1980 construction Large office building
498588 ft2
bull Modeled 3 CoC baseline 10 CoC 15 CoC
NREL | 32
AWT 3 Energy Modeling
bull Modeled water rates for each citybull Water rates vary significantly by city cities with
highest rates had highest savings
NREL | 33
AWT 3 Energy Modeling
bull Calculated SIR per location as a function of water rate (SIRgt1)
bull Used for high cost case of $25000
bull Does not include OampM cost savings
NREL | 34
AWT4 Technology Description
Scale controlElectro-catalytic process accelerates scale formation in the reactorsScale is easily removed from reactors
Expected Performancebull Blowdown water (and sewer) savings of 25-95 (CoC 30 or more)bull Elimination of chemicalsbull Energy savings ndash depending on the amount of scale in the baseline case
Corrosion controlMaintains balanced pH and mineral content to minimize corrosion
Biological Growth controlForms HOCl and Cl2 from the chlorides in the water for biocides
Dynamic Water Technologies amp Universal Environmental Technologiesbull Chemical free electrolysis
UET reactor skid
NREL | 35
AWT 4 Facility Description
Test site 1bull 240000 ft2 federal office building Savannah GAbull 2 250-ton chillers and 2 cooling towersbull 1 UET reactor skidbull Test period June ndash October 2017
Test site 2bull 530000 ft2 office building Los Angeles CAbull 2 800-ton and 2-500 ton chillers and 4 cooling towersbull 2 UET reactor skidsbull Test period June ndash October 2018 (ongoing)
NREL | 36
AWT 4 Water Savings and Water Quality
Water Savings bull Measured CoC gt 30bull Measured 98 reduction in
blowdownbull gt 1 million gal saved annually
Water Qualitybull No measured reduction in scaling bull Noticeable reduction in biological
growth and cleaning requirementsbull Observational improvements in
water qualitybull DWT maintains a high conductivity
setting (6000)
Scale removal from reactor cores
NREL | 37
AWT 4 Test Site 1 Results
Economic ParameterLocal Water
Rate $664kGal
GSA Avg Water Rate $1676kGal
Initial Cost ($) $59369 $59369 Cooling Tower Size (tons) 500 500Water Savings (Galyr) 1003300 1003300Water and Sewer Cost Savings ($yr) $6662 $16816 Annual Increase in OampM ($yr) ($720) ($720) Simple Payback with OampM (yrs) 10 37Savings to Investment Ratio 20 54
bull Installed costs higher than normal due to tech demo costs and Fed Gov added factors
bull Revised cost used in analysis
bull OampM costs increased slightly with annual service contract
NREL | 38
AWT4 Test Site 2 Results
bull Baseline period completebull DWT-UET system start up on 792018bull Expected testing through October 2018
Questions
michaelderunrelgov
jessedeannrelgov
Thank You
- Slide Number 1
- Cooling Tower Water Management Best Practices
- HVAC Research Team Call
- Cooling Tower Basics
- Balancing Cooling Tower Water Quality
- Cooling Tower Cycles of Concentration
- Corrosion vs Scale
- Genetic Biological Sampling
- Technology Testing Programs
- Emerging Technology Framework
- GSA Green Proving Ground Objectives
- Communicating MampV Outcomes from GSA Test Beds
- Technologies Tested by GPG with Published Results
- General AWT MampV Framework
- GSA Required Cooling Tower Water Quality
- AWT 1 Technology Description
- AWT 1 Facility Description
- AWT 1 Water Savings and Water Quality
- AWT 1 Economics
- AWT 2 Technology Description
- AWT 2 Facility Description
- AWT 2 Water Savings and Water Quality
- AWT 2 Economics
- Additional AWT 1 and 2 Deployments
- AWT 3 Technology Description
- AWT 3 Facility Description
- AWT 3 Performance Objectives
- AWT Regression Modeling
- AWT 3 Water Savings and Water Quality
- AWT 3 Economics
- AWT 3 Energy Modeling
- AWT 3 Energy Modeling
- AWT 3 Energy Modeling
- AWT4 Technology Description
- AWT 4 Facility Description
- AWT 4 Water Savings and Water Quality
- AWT 4 Test Site 1 Results
- AWT4 Test Site 2 Results
- Questions
- Thank You
-
NREL | 14
General AWT MampV Framework
Typical MampV Pointsbull Condenser water supply and return
temperatures (degF)bull Condenser water pump status
(ONOFF) bull Cooling tower fan status (ONOFF)bull Chiller water supply and return
temperatures (degF)bull Chiller status (ONOFF) bull Outdoor air temperature (degF) and
humidity ()bull Cooling Tower Make Up Water meter
(Gal)bull Blowdown Water Meter (Gal)bull Chiller Plant Electrical Meter (kWh)
Primary Objective Measure cooling tower water savings measured in galton-hr
Conceptual model of the AWTs (Credit Joelynn Schroeder NREL)
NREL | 15
GSA Required Cooling Tower Water Quality
bull Water quality was tracked on monthly basis to ensure compliance with GSA Acceptable Ranges
bull Additional biological testing was conducted by NREL
Test Acceptable Ranges
T alkalinity (ppm) 100 - 1000pH 73 ndash 90
Chloride (ppm) 10 - 500Cycles gt2
Total Hardness (ppm) 500 - 1500Phosphate (ppm) 43327
Conductivity (mmHos) lt2400Bacteria Count (cfu) lt80000Water Appearance Clear
Iron (ppm) lt4Calcium Hardness (ppm) lt500
Magnesium Hardness (ppm) lt100Chlorides (ppm) lt250
Salt (ppm) lt410Sulfates (ppm) lt250
Silica (ppm) lt150ORP (mV) gt300
90-day Copper Coupon (mpy) lt0290-day Mild Steel Coupon (mpy) lt390-day Galvanized Steel (mpy) lt4
90-day Stainless Steel (mpy) lt01
NREL | 16
AWT 1 Technology Description
Terlyn Water Treatmentbull Uses a very strong scale
inhibitor new PLC controller side stream crushed glass media filter
bull Controller set 13-18 CoCrsquos based on TDS
bull Filter is backwashed for 30 seconds once a day using 300 gallonsday
Representative diagram of system design for Building 67 (Credit Joelynn Schroeder NREL)
Manufacturer Reference httpwwwterlyncom
NREL | 17
AWT 1 Facility Description
Building Locationbull Denver Federal Centerbull Building 67
Building Factsbull 342722 ft2 Office buildingbull 1200 occupants
Cooling Systembull (1) 900-ton chiller (1) 450-ton chillerbull (2) 600-ton cooling towersbull (1) flat plat heat-exchanger
NREL | 18
AWT 1 Water Savings and Water Quality
Water Savings bull Measured CoC ranged from 13-18bull Measured 94 reduction in blowdown
Water Qualitybull Realized significant reduction in scaling
ndash Increased run time of tower free cooling 6 F reduction in set point
bull Observational improvements in water qualitybull Conductivity (microsiemens) Control Range lt2400 maintained =
2540 - 7000 (5 - 290 outside range)
NREL | 19
AWT 1 Economics
bull Installed costs higher than normal due to Fed Gov added factors and side stream filtration
bull OampM costs increased due to increased scaling chemical costs and side stream filtration OampM
bull Local rebates would have offset ~50 of installed cost if Fed Center was not on one master water meter
Economic Parameter
Building 67 (AWT 2) at Local Water
Rate $714kGal
Building 67 (AWT 2) at
GSA Avg Water Rate $1676kGal
Initial Cost ($) $39900 $39900 Cooling Tower Size (tons) 1200 1200Water Savings (Galyr) 824448 824448Water and Sewer Cost Savings ($yr) $5887 $13818 Annual Increase in OampM ($yr) $3300 $3300 Simple Payback with OampM (yrs) 154 38Savings to Investment Ratio 13 53
NREL | 20
AWT 2 Technology Description
Water Conservation Technology International bull Salt based water softening
system to remove hardnessndash Polyethylene regeneration
tank and brine tankbull No need for corrosion or scale
inhibitor very little biocidebull Regeneration uses 70 gallons 2-
3 timesweek in summer 1 timeweek spring fall
Representative diagram of system layout for Building 25 (Credit Joelynn Schroeder NREL)
Manufacturer Reference httpswwwwater-cticomtechnologyhtml
NREL | 21
AWT 2 Facility Description
Building Locationbull Denver Federal Centerbull Building 25
Building Factsbull 360797 square feet ft2 office lab buildingbull 425 occupants
Cooling Systembull (2) 500-ton chillersbull (3) 500-ton cooling towersbull (1) flat plate heat-exchange
AWT 2 Regeneration and Brine Tank
AWT 2 Controller
NREL | 22
AWT 2 Water Savings and Water Quality
Water Savings bull Measured CoC ranged from 12-80bull Measured 99 reduction in blowdown
Water Qualitybull Realized significant reduction in OampMbull Increased run time of tower free coolingbull Observational improvements in water qualitybull Conductivity (microsiemens) Control range
lt2400 maintained = 8700 - 20000 (300 -800 outside range)
bull pH value Control range = 73ndash90 maintained = 96ndash102 (up to 13 outside range)
bull ldquoMrdquo Alkalinity (as CaCO3) Control range = 100ndash1000 ppm maintained = 1680 ndash 3004 (68 - 300 outside range)
Month 2012 2013Jan 5497 8830Feb 13421 6491Mar 3830 7836Apr 21667 18275May 25117 26930Jun 50585 40409Jul 73187 76667
Aug 62193 82485Sep 48304 73088Oct 35643 59251Nov 15175 26608Dec 12018 8830
Totals 366637 435702
Monthly Water Savings
NREL | 23
AWT 2 Economics
bull Installed costs higher than normal due to Fed Gov added factors and side stream filtration
bull OampM costs decreased due to reduce chemical usage staff time
bull Local rebates would have offset ~50 of installed cost if Fed Center was not on one master water meter
Economic Parameter
Building 25 (AWT 1) at Local Water
Rate $714kGal
Building 25 (AWT 1) at
GSA Avg Water Rate $1676kGal
Initial Cost ($) $29600 $29600 Cooling Tower Size (tons) 1500 1500Water Savings (Galyr) 401170 401170Water and Sewer Cost Savings ($yr) $2864 $6724
Annual Increase in OampM ($yr) ($2768) ($2768)Simple Payback with OampM (yrs) 53 31Savings to Investment Ratio 38 65
NREL | 24
Additional AWT 1 and 2 Deployments
Denver Federal Center Facility
AWT System Date Installed
Cooling Tower
Size (Tons)
Installed Cost ($)
Annual Water
Savings (Galyr)
Annual Water
Savings ($)
Annual Increas
e in OampM ($yr)
Total Annual
Cost Savings ($yr)
Simple Payback
(yrs)
Bldg20 AWT Technology 1 Nov-16 600 $31057 718597 $5131 ($2768
) $7899 39
Bldg41 AWT Technology 1 Jan-17 1000 $36976 180992
1 $12923 ($2768)
$15691 24
Bldg 85 AWT Technology 2 Jan-14 500 $8756 62450 $446 $1000 ($554) -158
Bldg56 AWT Technology 2 Jan-15 1000 $28557 661160 $4721 $2200 $2521 113
Bldg 810 AWT Technology 2 Jun-14 2 x 500 $31047 113145
0 $8079 $3300 $4779 65
Bldg810 USDA
AWT Technology 2 Mar-16 3 x 500 $31047 104800
0 $7483 $3300 $4183 74
NREL | 25
AWT 3 Technology Description
Silverbulletbull Uses a combination of ozone (O3)
hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) andor UV lights to generate highly reactive hydroxyl (OHbull) and oxygen free radicals
bull Air tube is ran into cooling tower basin and pumps AOP treated air into cooling tower basin
bull Elimination of scale inhibitor corrosion inhibitor potential elimination of biocide
Silver Bullet Interior Cabinet
Manufacturer Reference httpwwwsilverbulletcorpcomcommercial-cooling
NREL | 26
AWT 3 Facility Description
Building Locationbull Denver Federal Centerbull Building 95
Building Factsbull 163206 ft2 two-story bull Office laboratory building
Cooling Systembull (2) 250-ton water-cooled centrifugal
chillers bull (2) induced draft cooling tower
Silver Bullet Interior Cabinet
NREL | 27
AWT 3 Performance Objectives
Quantitative Objectives
Success Criteria Metrics amp Data MampV Results
Water Savingsgt10 reduction in cooling tower water makeup (galton-hr)
- Cooling tower makeup water- Chiller plant energy usage- Outside air conditions
Met Annual water savings 227 to 297
Reduction in Chemical Costs
gt90 reduction in annual chemical costs
-Pre- and post- annual chemical costs
Met Elimination of all chemicals other than biocides
Water ChemistryMeets or exceeds GSA cooling tower water chemistry requirements
- Pre- and post- water chemistry reports
Met GSA water chemistry requirements
Cost EffectivenessSimple payback Savings to Investment ratio (SIR)
- Payback lt 10 years SIRgt 1Met SPP of 34 yrs SIR of 6
Qualitative Objectives
Success Criteria Metrics amp Data MampV Results
Ease of Installation
Less than 2-day installation time
Labor hours to install technology
Met Less than 1 day to install
NREL | 28
AWT Regression Modeling
Baseline Daily Cooling Tower Makeup Water Regression
119862119862119862119862119862119862119862119862119862119862119862119862119862119862 119879119879119862119862119879119879119879119879119879119879 119872119872119872119872119872119872119879119879119872119872119872119872 119882119882119872119872119882119882119879119879119879119879= 1198881198880 + 1198881198881 119882119882119882119882119882119882_119882119882119882119882119882119882119882119882 + 1198881198882 119862119862119862119862119862119862119879119879119879119879119862119862119862119862 + 1198881198883 119862119862119882119882119879119879119879119879119872119872119862119862119862119862119862119862119882119882+ 1198881198884 1198621198621198621198621198621198621198791198791198791198791198621198621198621198622 + 1198881198885 119862119862119862119862119862119862119879119879119879119879119862119862119862119862 119862119862119882119882119879119879119879119879119872119872119862119862119862119862119862119862119882119882
NREL | 29
AWT 3 Water Savings and Water Quality
Water Savings bull Measured CoC ranged from 51-144bull Measured 263 reduction in
makeup water (blowdown not measured)
Water Qualitybull Realized reduction in chiller
condenser tube foulingbull Elimination of scaling corrosion
inhibitor uses small amount of biocide
bull ORP of 194 GSA range gt 300
Month
2017 Cooling Tower
Makeup (GalMon)
2014 Weather
Normalized Baseline
Water (GalMon)
1-Jan 928 01-Feb 15042 183011-Mar 46706 545561-Apr 52254 663501-May 54904 1075431-Jun 282322 3754191-Jul 398206 506684
1-Aug 298039 4451161-Sep 190375 2757491-Oct 61146 1086231-Nov 35554 449301-Dec 40005 0
Totals 1475482 2003273
NREL | 30
AWT 3 Economics
bull Installed costs higher than normal due to Fed Gov added factors and side stream filtration
bull OampM costs decreased due to reduce chemical usage staff time
bull Local rebates would have offset ~50 of installed cost if Fed Center was not on one master water meter
BaselineTested
Technology (After)1
Difference w Local
Sewer+Water Rate
($714kGal)
Difference w GSA Avg Water Rate
$1676kGal(Before)
Installation3 NA $21125 $21125 $21125 Annual Maintenance $5855yr $3333yr $2522yr $2522yr
Annual Water Consumption (Gallonsyr)
2003273 1475482 527791 527791
Annual Water Costs$14303 $10535 $3768 $8846($yr)
Simple Payback yrs 34 19Savings-to-
Investment RatioInteger value between 0
and 10060 108
NREL | 31
AWT 3 Energy Modeling
bull Energy Plus Commercial Building Reference Modelbull Post 1980 construction Large office building
498588 ft2
bull Modeled 3 CoC baseline 10 CoC 15 CoC
NREL | 32
AWT 3 Energy Modeling
bull Modeled water rates for each citybull Water rates vary significantly by city cities with
highest rates had highest savings
NREL | 33
AWT 3 Energy Modeling
bull Calculated SIR per location as a function of water rate (SIRgt1)
bull Used for high cost case of $25000
bull Does not include OampM cost savings
NREL | 34
AWT4 Technology Description
Scale controlElectro-catalytic process accelerates scale formation in the reactorsScale is easily removed from reactors
Expected Performancebull Blowdown water (and sewer) savings of 25-95 (CoC 30 or more)bull Elimination of chemicalsbull Energy savings ndash depending on the amount of scale in the baseline case
Corrosion controlMaintains balanced pH and mineral content to minimize corrosion
Biological Growth controlForms HOCl and Cl2 from the chlorides in the water for biocides
Dynamic Water Technologies amp Universal Environmental Technologiesbull Chemical free electrolysis
UET reactor skid
NREL | 35
AWT 4 Facility Description
Test site 1bull 240000 ft2 federal office building Savannah GAbull 2 250-ton chillers and 2 cooling towersbull 1 UET reactor skidbull Test period June ndash October 2017
Test site 2bull 530000 ft2 office building Los Angeles CAbull 2 800-ton and 2-500 ton chillers and 4 cooling towersbull 2 UET reactor skidsbull Test period June ndash October 2018 (ongoing)
NREL | 36
AWT 4 Water Savings and Water Quality
Water Savings bull Measured CoC gt 30bull Measured 98 reduction in
blowdownbull gt 1 million gal saved annually
Water Qualitybull No measured reduction in scaling bull Noticeable reduction in biological
growth and cleaning requirementsbull Observational improvements in
water qualitybull DWT maintains a high conductivity
setting (6000)
Scale removal from reactor cores
NREL | 37
AWT 4 Test Site 1 Results
Economic ParameterLocal Water
Rate $664kGal
GSA Avg Water Rate $1676kGal
Initial Cost ($) $59369 $59369 Cooling Tower Size (tons) 500 500Water Savings (Galyr) 1003300 1003300Water and Sewer Cost Savings ($yr) $6662 $16816 Annual Increase in OampM ($yr) ($720) ($720) Simple Payback with OampM (yrs) 10 37Savings to Investment Ratio 20 54
bull Installed costs higher than normal due to tech demo costs and Fed Gov added factors
bull Revised cost used in analysis
bull OampM costs increased slightly with annual service contract
NREL | 38
AWT4 Test Site 2 Results
bull Baseline period completebull DWT-UET system start up on 792018bull Expected testing through October 2018
Questions
michaelderunrelgov
jessedeannrelgov
Thank You
- Slide Number 1
- Cooling Tower Water Management Best Practices
- HVAC Research Team Call
- Cooling Tower Basics
- Balancing Cooling Tower Water Quality
- Cooling Tower Cycles of Concentration
- Corrosion vs Scale
- Genetic Biological Sampling
- Technology Testing Programs
- Emerging Technology Framework
- GSA Green Proving Ground Objectives
- Communicating MampV Outcomes from GSA Test Beds
- Technologies Tested by GPG with Published Results
- General AWT MampV Framework
- GSA Required Cooling Tower Water Quality
- AWT 1 Technology Description
- AWT 1 Facility Description
- AWT 1 Water Savings and Water Quality
- AWT 1 Economics
- AWT 2 Technology Description
- AWT 2 Facility Description
- AWT 2 Water Savings and Water Quality
- AWT 2 Economics
- Additional AWT 1 and 2 Deployments
- AWT 3 Technology Description
- AWT 3 Facility Description
- AWT 3 Performance Objectives
- AWT Regression Modeling
- AWT 3 Water Savings and Water Quality
- AWT 3 Economics
- AWT 3 Energy Modeling
- AWT 3 Energy Modeling
- AWT 3 Energy Modeling
- AWT4 Technology Description
- AWT 4 Facility Description
- AWT 4 Water Savings and Water Quality
- AWT 4 Test Site 1 Results
- AWT4 Test Site 2 Results
- Questions
- Thank You
-
NREL | 15
GSA Required Cooling Tower Water Quality
bull Water quality was tracked on monthly basis to ensure compliance with GSA Acceptable Ranges
bull Additional biological testing was conducted by NREL
Test Acceptable Ranges
T alkalinity (ppm) 100 - 1000pH 73 ndash 90
Chloride (ppm) 10 - 500Cycles gt2
Total Hardness (ppm) 500 - 1500Phosphate (ppm) 43327
Conductivity (mmHos) lt2400Bacteria Count (cfu) lt80000Water Appearance Clear
Iron (ppm) lt4Calcium Hardness (ppm) lt500
Magnesium Hardness (ppm) lt100Chlorides (ppm) lt250
Salt (ppm) lt410Sulfates (ppm) lt250
Silica (ppm) lt150ORP (mV) gt300
90-day Copper Coupon (mpy) lt0290-day Mild Steel Coupon (mpy) lt390-day Galvanized Steel (mpy) lt4
90-day Stainless Steel (mpy) lt01
NREL | 16
AWT 1 Technology Description
Terlyn Water Treatmentbull Uses a very strong scale
inhibitor new PLC controller side stream crushed glass media filter
bull Controller set 13-18 CoCrsquos based on TDS
bull Filter is backwashed for 30 seconds once a day using 300 gallonsday
Representative diagram of system design for Building 67 (Credit Joelynn Schroeder NREL)
Manufacturer Reference httpwwwterlyncom
NREL | 17
AWT 1 Facility Description
Building Locationbull Denver Federal Centerbull Building 67
Building Factsbull 342722 ft2 Office buildingbull 1200 occupants
Cooling Systembull (1) 900-ton chiller (1) 450-ton chillerbull (2) 600-ton cooling towersbull (1) flat plat heat-exchanger
NREL | 18
AWT 1 Water Savings and Water Quality
Water Savings bull Measured CoC ranged from 13-18bull Measured 94 reduction in blowdown
Water Qualitybull Realized significant reduction in scaling
ndash Increased run time of tower free cooling 6 F reduction in set point
bull Observational improvements in water qualitybull Conductivity (microsiemens) Control Range lt2400 maintained =
2540 - 7000 (5 - 290 outside range)
NREL | 19
AWT 1 Economics
bull Installed costs higher than normal due to Fed Gov added factors and side stream filtration
bull OampM costs increased due to increased scaling chemical costs and side stream filtration OampM
bull Local rebates would have offset ~50 of installed cost if Fed Center was not on one master water meter
Economic Parameter
Building 67 (AWT 2) at Local Water
Rate $714kGal
Building 67 (AWT 2) at
GSA Avg Water Rate $1676kGal
Initial Cost ($) $39900 $39900 Cooling Tower Size (tons) 1200 1200Water Savings (Galyr) 824448 824448Water and Sewer Cost Savings ($yr) $5887 $13818 Annual Increase in OampM ($yr) $3300 $3300 Simple Payback with OampM (yrs) 154 38Savings to Investment Ratio 13 53
NREL | 20
AWT 2 Technology Description
Water Conservation Technology International bull Salt based water softening
system to remove hardnessndash Polyethylene regeneration
tank and brine tankbull No need for corrosion or scale
inhibitor very little biocidebull Regeneration uses 70 gallons 2-
3 timesweek in summer 1 timeweek spring fall
Representative diagram of system layout for Building 25 (Credit Joelynn Schroeder NREL)
Manufacturer Reference httpswwwwater-cticomtechnologyhtml
NREL | 21
AWT 2 Facility Description
Building Locationbull Denver Federal Centerbull Building 25
Building Factsbull 360797 square feet ft2 office lab buildingbull 425 occupants
Cooling Systembull (2) 500-ton chillersbull (3) 500-ton cooling towersbull (1) flat plate heat-exchange
AWT 2 Regeneration and Brine Tank
AWT 2 Controller
NREL | 22
AWT 2 Water Savings and Water Quality
Water Savings bull Measured CoC ranged from 12-80bull Measured 99 reduction in blowdown
Water Qualitybull Realized significant reduction in OampMbull Increased run time of tower free coolingbull Observational improvements in water qualitybull Conductivity (microsiemens) Control range
lt2400 maintained = 8700 - 20000 (300 -800 outside range)
bull pH value Control range = 73ndash90 maintained = 96ndash102 (up to 13 outside range)
bull ldquoMrdquo Alkalinity (as CaCO3) Control range = 100ndash1000 ppm maintained = 1680 ndash 3004 (68 - 300 outside range)
Month 2012 2013Jan 5497 8830Feb 13421 6491Mar 3830 7836Apr 21667 18275May 25117 26930Jun 50585 40409Jul 73187 76667
Aug 62193 82485Sep 48304 73088Oct 35643 59251Nov 15175 26608Dec 12018 8830
Totals 366637 435702
Monthly Water Savings
NREL | 23
AWT 2 Economics
bull Installed costs higher than normal due to Fed Gov added factors and side stream filtration
bull OampM costs decreased due to reduce chemical usage staff time
bull Local rebates would have offset ~50 of installed cost if Fed Center was not on one master water meter
Economic Parameter
Building 25 (AWT 1) at Local Water
Rate $714kGal
Building 25 (AWT 1) at
GSA Avg Water Rate $1676kGal
Initial Cost ($) $29600 $29600 Cooling Tower Size (tons) 1500 1500Water Savings (Galyr) 401170 401170Water and Sewer Cost Savings ($yr) $2864 $6724
Annual Increase in OampM ($yr) ($2768) ($2768)Simple Payback with OampM (yrs) 53 31Savings to Investment Ratio 38 65
NREL | 24
Additional AWT 1 and 2 Deployments
Denver Federal Center Facility
AWT System Date Installed
Cooling Tower
Size (Tons)
Installed Cost ($)
Annual Water
Savings (Galyr)
Annual Water
Savings ($)
Annual Increas
e in OampM ($yr)
Total Annual
Cost Savings ($yr)
Simple Payback
(yrs)
Bldg20 AWT Technology 1 Nov-16 600 $31057 718597 $5131 ($2768
) $7899 39
Bldg41 AWT Technology 1 Jan-17 1000 $36976 180992
1 $12923 ($2768)
$15691 24
Bldg 85 AWT Technology 2 Jan-14 500 $8756 62450 $446 $1000 ($554) -158
Bldg56 AWT Technology 2 Jan-15 1000 $28557 661160 $4721 $2200 $2521 113
Bldg 810 AWT Technology 2 Jun-14 2 x 500 $31047 113145
0 $8079 $3300 $4779 65
Bldg810 USDA
AWT Technology 2 Mar-16 3 x 500 $31047 104800
0 $7483 $3300 $4183 74
NREL | 25
AWT 3 Technology Description
Silverbulletbull Uses a combination of ozone (O3)
hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) andor UV lights to generate highly reactive hydroxyl (OHbull) and oxygen free radicals
bull Air tube is ran into cooling tower basin and pumps AOP treated air into cooling tower basin
bull Elimination of scale inhibitor corrosion inhibitor potential elimination of biocide
Silver Bullet Interior Cabinet
Manufacturer Reference httpwwwsilverbulletcorpcomcommercial-cooling
NREL | 26
AWT 3 Facility Description
Building Locationbull Denver Federal Centerbull Building 95
Building Factsbull 163206 ft2 two-story bull Office laboratory building
Cooling Systembull (2) 250-ton water-cooled centrifugal
chillers bull (2) induced draft cooling tower
Silver Bullet Interior Cabinet
NREL | 27
AWT 3 Performance Objectives
Quantitative Objectives
Success Criteria Metrics amp Data MampV Results
Water Savingsgt10 reduction in cooling tower water makeup (galton-hr)
- Cooling tower makeup water- Chiller plant energy usage- Outside air conditions
Met Annual water savings 227 to 297
Reduction in Chemical Costs
gt90 reduction in annual chemical costs
-Pre- and post- annual chemical costs
Met Elimination of all chemicals other than biocides
Water ChemistryMeets or exceeds GSA cooling tower water chemistry requirements
- Pre- and post- water chemistry reports
Met GSA water chemistry requirements
Cost EffectivenessSimple payback Savings to Investment ratio (SIR)
- Payback lt 10 years SIRgt 1Met SPP of 34 yrs SIR of 6
Qualitative Objectives
Success Criteria Metrics amp Data MampV Results
Ease of Installation
Less than 2-day installation time
Labor hours to install technology
Met Less than 1 day to install
NREL | 28
AWT Regression Modeling
Baseline Daily Cooling Tower Makeup Water Regression
119862119862119862119862119862119862119862119862119862119862119862119862119862119862 119879119879119862119862119879119879119879119879119879119879 119872119872119872119872119872119872119879119879119872119872119872119872 119882119882119872119872119882119882119879119879119879119879= 1198881198880 + 1198881198881 119882119882119882119882119882119882_119882119882119882119882119882119882119882119882 + 1198881198882 119862119862119862119862119862119862119879119879119879119879119862119862119862119862 + 1198881198883 119862119862119882119882119879119879119879119879119872119872119862119862119862119862119862119862119882119882+ 1198881198884 1198621198621198621198621198621198621198791198791198791198791198621198621198621198622 + 1198881198885 119862119862119862119862119862119862119879119879119879119879119862119862119862119862 119862119862119882119882119879119879119879119879119872119872119862119862119862119862119862119862119882119882
NREL | 29
AWT 3 Water Savings and Water Quality
Water Savings bull Measured CoC ranged from 51-144bull Measured 263 reduction in
makeup water (blowdown not measured)
Water Qualitybull Realized reduction in chiller
condenser tube foulingbull Elimination of scaling corrosion
inhibitor uses small amount of biocide
bull ORP of 194 GSA range gt 300
Month
2017 Cooling Tower
Makeup (GalMon)
2014 Weather
Normalized Baseline
Water (GalMon)
1-Jan 928 01-Feb 15042 183011-Mar 46706 545561-Apr 52254 663501-May 54904 1075431-Jun 282322 3754191-Jul 398206 506684
1-Aug 298039 4451161-Sep 190375 2757491-Oct 61146 1086231-Nov 35554 449301-Dec 40005 0
Totals 1475482 2003273
NREL | 30
AWT 3 Economics
bull Installed costs higher than normal due to Fed Gov added factors and side stream filtration
bull OampM costs decreased due to reduce chemical usage staff time
bull Local rebates would have offset ~50 of installed cost if Fed Center was not on one master water meter
BaselineTested
Technology (After)1
Difference w Local
Sewer+Water Rate
($714kGal)
Difference w GSA Avg Water Rate
$1676kGal(Before)
Installation3 NA $21125 $21125 $21125 Annual Maintenance $5855yr $3333yr $2522yr $2522yr
Annual Water Consumption (Gallonsyr)
2003273 1475482 527791 527791
Annual Water Costs$14303 $10535 $3768 $8846($yr)
Simple Payback yrs 34 19Savings-to-
Investment RatioInteger value between 0
and 10060 108
NREL | 31
AWT 3 Energy Modeling
bull Energy Plus Commercial Building Reference Modelbull Post 1980 construction Large office building
498588 ft2
bull Modeled 3 CoC baseline 10 CoC 15 CoC
NREL | 32
AWT 3 Energy Modeling
bull Modeled water rates for each citybull Water rates vary significantly by city cities with
highest rates had highest savings
NREL | 33
AWT 3 Energy Modeling
bull Calculated SIR per location as a function of water rate (SIRgt1)
bull Used for high cost case of $25000
bull Does not include OampM cost savings
NREL | 34
AWT4 Technology Description
Scale controlElectro-catalytic process accelerates scale formation in the reactorsScale is easily removed from reactors
Expected Performancebull Blowdown water (and sewer) savings of 25-95 (CoC 30 or more)bull Elimination of chemicalsbull Energy savings ndash depending on the amount of scale in the baseline case
Corrosion controlMaintains balanced pH and mineral content to minimize corrosion
Biological Growth controlForms HOCl and Cl2 from the chlorides in the water for biocides
Dynamic Water Technologies amp Universal Environmental Technologiesbull Chemical free electrolysis
UET reactor skid
NREL | 35
AWT 4 Facility Description
Test site 1bull 240000 ft2 federal office building Savannah GAbull 2 250-ton chillers and 2 cooling towersbull 1 UET reactor skidbull Test period June ndash October 2017
Test site 2bull 530000 ft2 office building Los Angeles CAbull 2 800-ton and 2-500 ton chillers and 4 cooling towersbull 2 UET reactor skidsbull Test period June ndash October 2018 (ongoing)
NREL | 36
AWT 4 Water Savings and Water Quality
Water Savings bull Measured CoC gt 30bull Measured 98 reduction in
blowdownbull gt 1 million gal saved annually
Water Qualitybull No measured reduction in scaling bull Noticeable reduction in biological
growth and cleaning requirementsbull Observational improvements in
water qualitybull DWT maintains a high conductivity
setting (6000)
Scale removal from reactor cores
NREL | 37
AWT 4 Test Site 1 Results
Economic ParameterLocal Water
Rate $664kGal
GSA Avg Water Rate $1676kGal
Initial Cost ($) $59369 $59369 Cooling Tower Size (tons) 500 500Water Savings (Galyr) 1003300 1003300Water and Sewer Cost Savings ($yr) $6662 $16816 Annual Increase in OampM ($yr) ($720) ($720) Simple Payback with OampM (yrs) 10 37Savings to Investment Ratio 20 54
bull Installed costs higher than normal due to tech demo costs and Fed Gov added factors
bull Revised cost used in analysis
bull OampM costs increased slightly with annual service contract
NREL | 38
AWT4 Test Site 2 Results
bull Baseline period completebull DWT-UET system start up on 792018bull Expected testing through October 2018
Questions
michaelderunrelgov
jessedeannrelgov
Thank You
- Slide Number 1
- Cooling Tower Water Management Best Practices
- HVAC Research Team Call
- Cooling Tower Basics
- Balancing Cooling Tower Water Quality
- Cooling Tower Cycles of Concentration
- Corrosion vs Scale
- Genetic Biological Sampling
- Technology Testing Programs
- Emerging Technology Framework
- GSA Green Proving Ground Objectives
- Communicating MampV Outcomes from GSA Test Beds
- Technologies Tested by GPG with Published Results
- General AWT MampV Framework
- GSA Required Cooling Tower Water Quality
- AWT 1 Technology Description
- AWT 1 Facility Description
- AWT 1 Water Savings and Water Quality
- AWT 1 Economics
- AWT 2 Technology Description
- AWT 2 Facility Description
- AWT 2 Water Savings and Water Quality
- AWT 2 Economics
- Additional AWT 1 and 2 Deployments
- AWT 3 Technology Description
- AWT 3 Facility Description
- AWT 3 Performance Objectives
- AWT Regression Modeling
- AWT 3 Water Savings and Water Quality
- AWT 3 Economics
- AWT 3 Energy Modeling
- AWT 3 Energy Modeling
- AWT 3 Energy Modeling
- AWT4 Technology Description
- AWT 4 Facility Description
- AWT 4 Water Savings and Water Quality
- AWT 4 Test Site 1 Results
- AWT4 Test Site 2 Results
- Questions
- Thank You
-
NREL | 16
AWT 1 Technology Description
Terlyn Water Treatmentbull Uses a very strong scale
inhibitor new PLC controller side stream crushed glass media filter
bull Controller set 13-18 CoCrsquos based on TDS
bull Filter is backwashed for 30 seconds once a day using 300 gallonsday
Representative diagram of system design for Building 67 (Credit Joelynn Schroeder NREL)
Manufacturer Reference httpwwwterlyncom
NREL | 17
AWT 1 Facility Description
Building Locationbull Denver Federal Centerbull Building 67
Building Factsbull 342722 ft2 Office buildingbull 1200 occupants
Cooling Systembull (1) 900-ton chiller (1) 450-ton chillerbull (2) 600-ton cooling towersbull (1) flat plat heat-exchanger
NREL | 18
AWT 1 Water Savings and Water Quality
Water Savings bull Measured CoC ranged from 13-18bull Measured 94 reduction in blowdown
Water Qualitybull Realized significant reduction in scaling
ndash Increased run time of tower free cooling 6 F reduction in set point
bull Observational improvements in water qualitybull Conductivity (microsiemens) Control Range lt2400 maintained =
2540 - 7000 (5 - 290 outside range)
NREL | 19
AWT 1 Economics
bull Installed costs higher than normal due to Fed Gov added factors and side stream filtration
bull OampM costs increased due to increased scaling chemical costs and side stream filtration OampM
bull Local rebates would have offset ~50 of installed cost if Fed Center was not on one master water meter
Economic Parameter
Building 67 (AWT 2) at Local Water
Rate $714kGal
Building 67 (AWT 2) at
GSA Avg Water Rate $1676kGal
Initial Cost ($) $39900 $39900 Cooling Tower Size (tons) 1200 1200Water Savings (Galyr) 824448 824448Water and Sewer Cost Savings ($yr) $5887 $13818 Annual Increase in OampM ($yr) $3300 $3300 Simple Payback with OampM (yrs) 154 38Savings to Investment Ratio 13 53
NREL | 20
AWT 2 Technology Description
Water Conservation Technology International bull Salt based water softening
system to remove hardnessndash Polyethylene regeneration
tank and brine tankbull No need for corrosion or scale
inhibitor very little biocidebull Regeneration uses 70 gallons 2-
3 timesweek in summer 1 timeweek spring fall
Representative diagram of system layout for Building 25 (Credit Joelynn Schroeder NREL)
Manufacturer Reference httpswwwwater-cticomtechnologyhtml
NREL | 21
AWT 2 Facility Description
Building Locationbull Denver Federal Centerbull Building 25
Building Factsbull 360797 square feet ft2 office lab buildingbull 425 occupants
Cooling Systembull (2) 500-ton chillersbull (3) 500-ton cooling towersbull (1) flat plate heat-exchange
AWT 2 Regeneration and Brine Tank
AWT 2 Controller
NREL | 22
AWT 2 Water Savings and Water Quality
Water Savings bull Measured CoC ranged from 12-80bull Measured 99 reduction in blowdown
Water Qualitybull Realized significant reduction in OampMbull Increased run time of tower free coolingbull Observational improvements in water qualitybull Conductivity (microsiemens) Control range
lt2400 maintained = 8700 - 20000 (300 -800 outside range)
bull pH value Control range = 73ndash90 maintained = 96ndash102 (up to 13 outside range)
bull ldquoMrdquo Alkalinity (as CaCO3) Control range = 100ndash1000 ppm maintained = 1680 ndash 3004 (68 - 300 outside range)
Month 2012 2013Jan 5497 8830Feb 13421 6491Mar 3830 7836Apr 21667 18275May 25117 26930Jun 50585 40409Jul 73187 76667
Aug 62193 82485Sep 48304 73088Oct 35643 59251Nov 15175 26608Dec 12018 8830
Totals 366637 435702
Monthly Water Savings
NREL | 23
AWT 2 Economics
bull Installed costs higher than normal due to Fed Gov added factors and side stream filtration
bull OampM costs decreased due to reduce chemical usage staff time
bull Local rebates would have offset ~50 of installed cost if Fed Center was not on one master water meter
Economic Parameter
Building 25 (AWT 1) at Local Water
Rate $714kGal
Building 25 (AWT 1) at
GSA Avg Water Rate $1676kGal
Initial Cost ($) $29600 $29600 Cooling Tower Size (tons) 1500 1500Water Savings (Galyr) 401170 401170Water and Sewer Cost Savings ($yr) $2864 $6724
Annual Increase in OampM ($yr) ($2768) ($2768)Simple Payback with OampM (yrs) 53 31Savings to Investment Ratio 38 65
NREL | 24
Additional AWT 1 and 2 Deployments
Denver Federal Center Facility
AWT System Date Installed
Cooling Tower
Size (Tons)
Installed Cost ($)
Annual Water
Savings (Galyr)
Annual Water
Savings ($)
Annual Increas
e in OampM ($yr)
Total Annual
Cost Savings ($yr)
Simple Payback
(yrs)
Bldg20 AWT Technology 1 Nov-16 600 $31057 718597 $5131 ($2768
) $7899 39
Bldg41 AWT Technology 1 Jan-17 1000 $36976 180992
1 $12923 ($2768)
$15691 24
Bldg 85 AWT Technology 2 Jan-14 500 $8756 62450 $446 $1000 ($554) -158
Bldg56 AWT Technology 2 Jan-15 1000 $28557 661160 $4721 $2200 $2521 113
Bldg 810 AWT Technology 2 Jun-14 2 x 500 $31047 113145
0 $8079 $3300 $4779 65
Bldg810 USDA
AWT Technology 2 Mar-16 3 x 500 $31047 104800
0 $7483 $3300 $4183 74
NREL | 25
AWT 3 Technology Description
Silverbulletbull Uses a combination of ozone (O3)
hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) andor UV lights to generate highly reactive hydroxyl (OHbull) and oxygen free radicals
bull Air tube is ran into cooling tower basin and pumps AOP treated air into cooling tower basin
bull Elimination of scale inhibitor corrosion inhibitor potential elimination of biocide
Silver Bullet Interior Cabinet
Manufacturer Reference httpwwwsilverbulletcorpcomcommercial-cooling
NREL | 26
AWT 3 Facility Description
Building Locationbull Denver Federal Centerbull Building 95
Building Factsbull 163206 ft2 two-story bull Office laboratory building
Cooling Systembull (2) 250-ton water-cooled centrifugal
chillers bull (2) induced draft cooling tower
Silver Bullet Interior Cabinet
NREL | 27
AWT 3 Performance Objectives
Quantitative Objectives
Success Criteria Metrics amp Data MampV Results
Water Savingsgt10 reduction in cooling tower water makeup (galton-hr)
- Cooling tower makeup water- Chiller plant energy usage- Outside air conditions
Met Annual water savings 227 to 297
Reduction in Chemical Costs
gt90 reduction in annual chemical costs
-Pre- and post- annual chemical costs
Met Elimination of all chemicals other than biocides
Water ChemistryMeets or exceeds GSA cooling tower water chemistry requirements
- Pre- and post- water chemistry reports
Met GSA water chemistry requirements
Cost EffectivenessSimple payback Savings to Investment ratio (SIR)
- Payback lt 10 years SIRgt 1Met SPP of 34 yrs SIR of 6
Qualitative Objectives
Success Criteria Metrics amp Data MampV Results
Ease of Installation
Less than 2-day installation time
Labor hours to install technology
Met Less than 1 day to install
NREL | 28
AWT Regression Modeling
Baseline Daily Cooling Tower Makeup Water Regression
119862119862119862119862119862119862119862119862119862119862119862119862119862119862 119879119879119862119862119879119879119879119879119879119879 119872119872119872119872119872119872119879119879119872119872119872119872 119882119882119872119872119882119882119879119879119879119879= 1198881198880 + 1198881198881 119882119882119882119882119882119882_119882119882119882119882119882119882119882119882 + 1198881198882 119862119862119862119862119862119862119879119879119879119879119862119862119862119862 + 1198881198883 119862119862119882119882119879119879119879119879119872119872119862119862119862119862119862119862119882119882+ 1198881198884 1198621198621198621198621198621198621198791198791198791198791198621198621198621198622 + 1198881198885 119862119862119862119862119862119862119879119879119879119879119862119862119862119862 119862119862119882119882119879119879119879119879119872119872119862119862119862119862119862119862119882119882
NREL | 29
AWT 3 Water Savings and Water Quality
Water Savings bull Measured CoC ranged from 51-144bull Measured 263 reduction in
makeup water (blowdown not measured)
Water Qualitybull Realized reduction in chiller
condenser tube foulingbull Elimination of scaling corrosion
inhibitor uses small amount of biocide
bull ORP of 194 GSA range gt 300
Month
2017 Cooling Tower
Makeup (GalMon)
2014 Weather
Normalized Baseline
Water (GalMon)
1-Jan 928 01-Feb 15042 183011-Mar 46706 545561-Apr 52254 663501-May 54904 1075431-Jun 282322 3754191-Jul 398206 506684
1-Aug 298039 4451161-Sep 190375 2757491-Oct 61146 1086231-Nov 35554 449301-Dec 40005 0
Totals 1475482 2003273
NREL | 30
AWT 3 Economics
bull Installed costs higher than normal due to Fed Gov added factors and side stream filtration
bull OampM costs decreased due to reduce chemical usage staff time
bull Local rebates would have offset ~50 of installed cost if Fed Center was not on one master water meter
BaselineTested
Technology (After)1
Difference w Local
Sewer+Water Rate
($714kGal)
Difference w GSA Avg Water Rate
$1676kGal(Before)
Installation3 NA $21125 $21125 $21125 Annual Maintenance $5855yr $3333yr $2522yr $2522yr
Annual Water Consumption (Gallonsyr)
2003273 1475482 527791 527791
Annual Water Costs$14303 $10535 $3768 $8846($yr)
Simple Payback yrs 34 19Savings-to-
Investment RatioInteger value between 0
and 10060 108
NREL | 31
AWT 3 Energy Modeling
bull Energy Plus Commercial Building Reference Modelbull Post 1980 construction Large office building
498588 ft2
bull Modeled 3 CoC baseline 10 CoC 15 CoC
NREL | 32
AWT 3 Energy Modeling
bull Modeled water rates for each citybull Water rates vary significantly by city cities with
highest rates had highest savings
NREL | 33
AWT 3 Energy Modeling
bull Calculated SIR per location as a function of water rate (SIRgt1)
bull Used for high cost case of $25000
bull Does not include OampM cost savings
NREL | 34
AWT4 Technology Description
Scale controlElectro-catalytic process accelerates scale formation in the reactorsScale is easily removed from reactors
Expected Performancebull Blowdown water (and sewer) savings of 25-95 (CoC 30 or more)bull Elimination of chemicalsbull Energy savings ndash depending on the amount of scale in the baseline case
Corrosion controlMaintains balanced pH and mineral content to minimize corrosion
Biological Growth controlForms HOCl and Cl2 from the chlorides in the water for biocides
Dynamic Water Technologies amp Universal Environmental Technologiesbull Chemical free electrolysis
UET reactor skid
NREL | 35
AWT 4 Facility Description
Test site 1bull 240000 ft2 federal office building Savannah GAbull 2 250-ton chillers and 2 cooling towersbull 1 UET reactor skidbull Test period June ndash October 2017
Test site 2bull 530000 ft2 office building Los Angeles CAbull 2 800-ton and 2-500 ton chillers and 4 cooling towersbull 2 UET reactor skidsbull Test period June ndash October 2018 (ongoing)
NREL | 36
AWT 4 Water Savings and Water Quality
Water Savings bull Measured CoC gt 30bull Measured 98 reduction in
blowdownbull gt 1 million gal saved annually
Water Qualitybull No measured reduction in scaling bull Noticeable reduction in biological
growth and cleaning requirementsbull Observational improvements in
water qualitybull DWT maintains a high conductivity
setting (6000)
Scale removal from reactor cores
NREL | 37
AWT 4 Test Site 1 Results
Economic ParameterLocal Water
Rate $664kGal
GSA Avg Water Rate $1676kGal
Initial Cost ($) $59369 $59369 Cooling Tower Size (tons) 500 500Water Savings (Galyr) 1003300 1003300Water and Sewer Cost Savings ($yr) $6662 $16816 Annual Increase in OampM ($yr) ($720) ($720) Simple Payback with OampM (yrs) 10 37Savings to Investment Ratio 20 54
bull Installed costs higher than normal due to tech demo costs and Fed Gov added factors
bull Revised cost used in analysis
bull OampM costs increased slightly with annual service contract
NREL | 38
AWT4 Test Site 2 Results
bull Baseline period completebull DWT-UET system start up on 792018bull Expected testing through October 2018
Questions
michaelderunrelgov
jessedeannrelgov
Thank You
- Slide Number 1
- Cooling Tower Water Management Best Practices
- HVAC Research Team Call
- Cooling Tower Basics
- Balancing Cooling Tower Water Quality
- Cooling Tower Cycles of Concentration
- Corrosion vs Scale
- Genetic Biological Sampling
- Technology Testing Programs
- Emerging Technology Framework
- GSA Green Proving Ground Objectives
- Communicating MampV Outcomes from GSA Test Beds
- Technologies Tested by GPG with Published Results
- General AWT MampV Framework
- GSA Required Cooling Tower Water Quality
- AWT 1 Technology Description
- AWT 1 Facility Description
- AWT 1 Water Savings and Water Quality
- AWT 1 Economics
- AWT 2 Technology Description
- AWT 2 Facility Description
- AWT 2 Water Savings and Water Quality
- AWT 2 Economics
- Additional AWT 1 and 2 Deployments
- AWT 3 Technology Description
- AWT 3 Facility Description
- AWT 3 Performance Objectives
- AWT Regression Modeling
- AWT 3 Water Savings and Water Quality
- AWT 3 Economics
- AWT 3 Energy Modeling
- AWT 3 Energy Modeling
- AWT 3 Energy Modeling
- AWT4 Technology Description
- AWT 4 Facility Description
- AWT 4 Water Savings and Water Quality
- AWT 4 Test Site 1 Results
- AWT4 Test Site 2 Results
- Questions
- Thank You
-
NREL | 17
AWT 1 Facility Description
Building Locationbull Denver Federal Centerbull Building 67
Building Factsbull 342722 ft2 Office buildingbull 1200 occupants
Cooling Systembull (1) 900-ton chiller (1) 450-ton chillerbull (2) 600-ton cooling towersbull (1) flat plat heat-exchanger
NREL | 18
AWT 1 Water Savings and Water Quality
Water Savings bull Measured CoC ranged from 13-18bull Measured 94 reduction in blowdown
Water Qualitybull Realized significant reduction in scaling
ndash Increased run time of tower free cooling 6 F reduction in set point
bull Observational improvements in water qualitybull Conductivity (microsiemens) Control Range lt2400 maintained =
2540 - 7000 (5 - 290 outside range)
NREL | 19
AWT 1 Economics
bull Installed costs higher than normal due to Fed Gov added factors and side stream filtration
bull OampM costs increased due to increased scaling chemical costs and side stream filtration OampM
bull Local rebates would have offset ~50 of installed cost if Fed Center was not on one master water meter
Economic Parameter
Building 67 (AWT 2) at Local Water
Rate $714kGal
Building 67 (AWT 2) at
GSA Avg Water Rate $1676kGal
Initial Cost ($) $39900 $39900 Cooling Tower Size (tons) 1200 1200Water Savings (Galyr) 824448 824448Water and Sewer Cost Savings ($yr) $5887 $13818 Annual Increase in OampM ($yr) $3300 $3300 Simple Payback with OampM (yrs) 154 38Savings to Investment Ratio 13 53
NREL | 20
AWT 2 Technology Description
Water Conservation Technology International bull Salt based water softening
system to remove hardnessndash Polyethylene regeneration
tank and brine tankbull No need for corrosion or scale
inhibitor very little biocidebull Regeneration uses 70 gallons 2-
3 timesweek in summer 1 timeweek spring fall
Representative diagram of system layout for Building 25 (Credit Joelynn Schroeder NREL)
Manufacturer Reference httpswwwwater-cticomtechnologyhtml
NREL | 21
AWT 2 Facility Description
Building Locationbull Denver Federal Centerbull Building 25
Building Factsbull 360797 square feet ft2 office lab buildingbull 425 occupants
Cooling Systembull (2) 500-ton chillersbull (3) 500-ton cooling towersbull (1) flat plate heat-exchange
AWT 2 Regeneration and Brine Tank
AWT 2 Controller
NREL | 22
AWT 2 Water Savings and Water Quality
Water Savings bull Measured CoC ranged from 12-80bull Measured 99 reduction in blowdown
Water Qualitybull Realized significant reduction in OampMbull Increased run time of tower free coolingbull Observational improvements in water qualitybull Conductivity (microsiemens) Control range
lt2400 maintained = 8700 - 20000 (300 -800 outside range)
bull pH value Control range = 73ndash90 maintained = 96ndash102 (up to 13 outside range)
bull ldquoMrdquo Alkalinity (as CaCO3) Control range = 100ndash1000 ppm maintained = 1680 ndash 3004 (68 - 300 outside range)
Month 2012 2013Jan 5497 8830Feb 13421 6491Mar 3830 7836Apr 21667 18275May 25117 26930Jun 50585 40409Jul 73187 76667
Aug 62193 82485Sep 48304 73088Oct 35643 59251Nov 15175 26608Dec 12018 8830
Totals 366637 435702
Monthly Water Savings
NREL | 23
AWT 2 Economics
bull Installed costs higher than normal due to Fed Gov added factors and side stream filtration
bull OampM costs decreased due to reduce chemical usage staff time
bull Local rebates would have offset ~50 of installed cost if Fed Center was not on one master water meter
Economic Parameter
Building 25 (AWT 1) at Local Water
Rate $714kGal
Building 25 (AWT 1) at
GSA Avg Water Rate $1676kGal
Initial Cost ($) $29600 $29600 Cooling Tower Size (tons) 1500 1500Water Savings (Galyr) 401170 401170Water and Sewer Cost Savings ($yr) $2864 $6724
Annual Increase in OampM ($yr) ($2768) ($2768)Simple Payback with OampM (yrs) 53 31Savings to Investment Ratio 38 65
NREL | 24
Additional AWT 1 and 2 Deployments
Denver Federal Center Facility
AWT System Date Installed
Cooling Tower
Size (Tons)
Installed Cost ($)
Annual Water
Savings (Galyr)
Annual Water
Savings ($)
Annual Increas
e in OampM ($yr)
Total Annual
Cost Savings ($yr)
Simple Payback
(yrs)
Bldg20 AWT Technology 1 Nov-16 600 $31057 718597 $5131 ($2768
) $7899 39
Bldg41 AWT Technology 1 Jan-17 1000 $36976 180992
1 $12923 ($2768)
$15691 24
Bldg 85 AWT Technology 2 Jan-14 500 $8756 62450 $446 $1000 ($554) -158
Bldg56 AWT Technology 2 Jan-15 1000 $28557 661160 $4721 $2200 $2521 113
Bldg 810 AWT Technology 2 Jun-14 2 x 500 $31047 113145
0 $8079 $3300 $4779 65
Bldg810 USDA
AWT Technology 2 Mar-16 3 x 500 $31047 104800
0 $7483 $3300 $4183 74
NREL | 25
AWT 3 Technology Description
Silverbulletbull Uses a combination of ozone (O3)
hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) andor UV lights to generate highly reactive hydroxyl (OHbull) and oxygen free radicals
bull Air tube is ran into cooling tower basin and pumps AOP treated air into cooling tower basin
bull Elimination of scale inhibitor corrosion inhibitor potential elimination of biocide
Silver Bullet Interior Cabinet
Manufacturer Reference httpwwwsilverbulletcorpcomcommercial-cooling
NREL | 26
AWT 3 Facility Description
Building Locationbull Denver Federal Centerbull Building 95
Building Factsbull 163206 ft2 two-story bull Office laboratory building
Cooling Systembull (2) 250-ton water-cooled centrifugal
chillers bull (2) induced draft cooling tower
Silver Bullet Interior Cabinet
NREL | 27
AWT 3 Performance Objectives
Quantitative Objectives
Success Criteria Metrics amp Data MampV Results
Water Savingsgt10 reduction in cooling tower water makeup (galton-hr)
- Cooling tower makeup water- Chiller plant energy usage- Outside air conditions
Met Annual water savings 227 to 297
Reduction in Chemical Costs
gt90 reduction in annual chemical costs
-Pre- and post- annual chemical costs
Met Elimination of all chemicals other than biocides
Water ChemistryMeets or exceeds GSA cooling tower water chemistry requirements
- Pre- and post- water chemistry reports
Met GSA water chemistry requirements
Cost EffectivenessSimple payback Savings to Investment ratio (SIR)
- Payback lt 10 years SIRgt 1Met SPP of 34 yrs SIR of 6
Qualitative Objectives
Success Criteria Metrics amp Data MampV Results
Ease of Installation
Less than 2-day installation time
Labor hours to install technology
Met Less than 1 day to install
NREL | 28
AWT Regression Modeling
Baseline Daily Cooling Tower Makeup Water Regression
119862119862119862119862119862119862119862119862119862119862119862119862119862119862 119879119879119862119862119879119879119879119879119879119879 119872119872119872119872119872119872119879119879119872119872119872119872 119882119882119872119872119882119882119879119879119879119879= 1198881198880 + 1198881198881 119882119882119882119882119882119882_119882119882119882119882119882119882119882119882 + 1198881198882 119862119862119862119862119862119862119879119879119879119879119862119862119862119862 + 1198881198883 119862119862119882119882119879119879119879119879119872119872119862119862119862119862119862119862119882119882+ 1198881198884 1198621198621198621198621198621198621198791198791198791198791198621198621198621198622 + 1198881198885 119862119862119862119862119862119862119879119879119879119879119862119862119862119862 119862119862119882119882119879119879119879119879119872119872119862119862119862119862119862119862119882119882
NREL | 29
AWT 3 Water Savings and Water Quality
Water Savings bull Measured CoC ranged from 51-144bull Measured 263 reduction in
makeup water (blowdown not measured)
Water Qualitybull Realized reduction in chiller
condenser tube foulingbull Elimination of scaling corrosion
inhibitor uses small amount of biocide
bull ORP of 194 GSA range gt 300
Month
2017 Cooling Tower
Makeup (GalMon)
2014 Weather
Normalized Baseline
Water (GalMon)
1-Jan 928 01-Feb 15042 183011-Mar 46706 545561-Apr 52254 663501-May 54904 1075431-Jun 282322 3754191-Jul 398206 506684
1-Aug 298039 4451161-Sep 190375 2757491-Oct 61146 1086231-Nov 35554 449301-Dec 40005 0
Totals 1475482 2003273
NREL | 30
AWT 3 Economics
bull Installed costs higher than normal due to Fed Gov added factors and side stream filtration
bull OampM costs decreased due to reduce chemical usage staff time
bull Local rebates would have offset ~50 of installed cost if Fed Center was not on one master water meter
BaselineTested
Technology (After)1
Difference w Local
Sewer+Water Rate
($714kGal)
Difference w GSA Avg Water Rate
$1676kGal(Before)
Installation3 NA $21125 $21125 $21125 Annual Maintenance $5855yr $3333yr $2522yr $2522yr
Annual Water Consumption (Gallonsyr)
2003273 1475482 527791 527791
Annual Water Costs$14303 $10535 $3768 $8846($yr)
Simple Payback yrs 34 19Savings-to-
Investment RatioInteger value between 0
and 10060 108
NREL | 31
AWT 3 Energy Modeling
bull Energy Plus Commercial Building Reference Modelbull Post 1980 construction Large office building
498588 ft2
bull Modeled 3 CoC baseline 10 CoC 15 CoC
NREL | 32
AWT 3 Energy Modeling
bull Modeled water rates for each citybull Water rates vary significantly by city cities with
highest rates had highest savings
NREL | 33
AWT 3 Energy Modeling
bull Calculated SIR per location as a function of water rate (SIRgt1)
bull Used for high cost case of $25000
bull Does not include OampM cost savings
NREL | 34
AWT4 Technology Description
Scale controlElectro-catalytic process accelerates scale formation in the reactorsScale is easily removed from reactors
Expected Performancebull Blowdown water (and sewer) savings of 25-95 (CoC 30 or more)bull Elimination of chemicalsbull Energy savings ndash depending on the amount of scale in the baseline case
Corrosion controlMaintains balanced pH and mineral content to minimize corrosion
Biological Growth controlForms HOCl and Cl2 from the chlorides in the water for biocides
Dynamic Water Technologies amp Universal Environmental Technologiesbull Chemical free electrolysis
UET reactor skid
NREL | 35
AWT 4 Facility Description
Test site 1bull 240000 ft2 federal office building Savannah GAbull 2 250-ton chillers and 2 cooling towersbull 1 UET reactor skidbull Test period June ndash October 2017
Test site 2bull 530000 ft2 office building Los Angeles CAbull 2 800-ton and 2-500 ton chillers and 4 cooling towersbull 2 UET reactor skidsbull Test period June ndash October 2018 (ongoing)
NREL | 36
AWT 4 Water Savings and Water Quality
Water Savings bull Measured CoC gt 30bull Measured 98 reduction in
blowdownbull gt 1 million gal saved annually
Water Qualitybull No measured reduction in scaling bull Noticeable reduction in biological
growth and cleaning requirementsbull Observational improvements in
water qualitybull DWT maintains a high conductivity
setting (6000)
Scale removal from reactor cores
NREL | 37
AWT 4 Test Site 1 Results
Economic ParameterLocal Water
Rate $664kGal
GSA Avg Water Rate $1676kGal
Initial Cost ($) $59369 $59369 Cooling Tower Size (tons) 500 500Water Savings (Galyr) 1003300 1003300Water and Sewer Cost Savings ($yr) $6662 $16816 Annual Increase in OampM ($yr) ($720) ($720) Simple Payback with OampM (yrs) 10 37Savings to Investment Ratio 20 54
bull Installed costs higher than normal due to tech demo costs and Fed Gov added factors
bull Revised cost used in analysis
bull OampM costs increased slightly with annual service contract
NREL | 38
AWT4 Test Site 2 Results
bull Baseline period completebull DWT-UET system start up on 792018bull Expected testing through October 2018
Questions
michaelderunrelgov
jessedeannrelgov
Thank You
- Slide Number 1
- Cooling Tower Water Management Best Practices
- HVAC Research Team Call
- Cooling Tower Basics
- Balancing Cooling Tower Water Quality
- Cooling Tower Cycles of Concentration
- Corrosion vs Scale
- Genetic Biological Sampling
- Technology Testing Programs
- Emerging Technology Framework
- GSA Green Proving Ground Objectives
- Communicating MampV Outcomes from GSA Test Beds
- Technologies Tested by GPG with Published Results
- General AWT MampV Framework
- GSA Required Cooling Tower Water Quality
- AWT 1 Technology Description
- AWT 1 Facility Description
- AWT 1 Water Savings and Water Quality
- AWT 1 Economics
- AWT 2 Technology Description
- AWT 2 Facility Description
- AWT 2 Water Savings and Water Quality
- AWT 2 Economics
- Additional AWT 1 and 2 Deployments
- AWT 3 Technology Description
- AWT 3 Facility Description
- AWT 3 Performance Objectives
- AWT Regression Modeling
- AWT 3 Water Savings and Water Quality
- AWT 3 Economics
- AWT 3 Energy Modeling
- AWT 3 Energy Modeling
- AWT 3 Energy Modeling
- AWT4 Technology Description
- AWT 4 Facility Description
- AWT 4 Water Savings and Water Quality
- AWT 4 Test Site 1 Results
- AWT4 Test Site 2 Results
- Questions
- Thank You
-
NREL | 18
AWT 1 Water Savings and Water Quality
Water Savings bull Measured CoC ranged from 13-18bull Measured 94 reduction in blowdown
Water Qualitybull Realized significant reduction in scaling
ndash Increased run time of tower free cooling 6 F reduction in set point
bull Observational improvements in water qualitybull Conductivity (microsiemens) Control Range lt2400 maintained =
2540 - 7000 (5 - 290 outside range)
NREL | 19
AWT 1 Economics
bull Installed costs higher than normal due to Fed Gov added factors and side stream filtration
bull OampM costs increased due to increased scaling chemical costs and side stream filtration OampM
bull Local rebates would have offset ~50 of installed cost if Fed Center was not on one master water meter
Economic Parameter
Building 67 (AWT 2) at Local Water
Rate $714kGal
Building 67 (AWT 2) at
GSA Avg Water Rate $1676kGal
Initial Cost ($) $39900 $39900 Cooling Tower Size (tons) 1200 1200Water Savings (Galyr) 824448 824448Water and Sewer Cost Savings ($yr) $5887 $13818 Annual Increase in OampM ($yr) $3300 $3300 Simple Payback with OampM (yrs) 154 38Savings to Investment Ratio 13 53
NREL | 20
AWT 2 Technology Description
Water Conservation Technology International bull Salt based water softening
system to remove hardnessndash Polyethylene regeneration
tank and brine tankbull No need for corrosion or scale
inhibitor very little biocidebull Regeneration uses 70 gallons 2-
3 timesweek in summer 1 timeweek spring fall
Representative diagram of system layout for Building 25 (Credit Joelynn Schroeder NREL)
Manufacturer Reference httpswwwwater-cticomtechnologyhtml
NREL | 21
AWT 2 Facility Description
Building Locationbull Denver Federal Centerbull Building 25
Building Factsbull 360797 square feet ft2 office lab buildingbull 425 occupants
Cooling Systembull (2) 500-ton chillersbull (3) 500-ton cooling towersbull (1) flat plate heat-exchange
AWT 2 Regeneration and Brine Tank
AWT 2 Controller
NREL | 22
AWT 2 Water Savings and Water Quality
Water Savings bull Measured CoC ranged from 12-80bull Measured 99 reduction in blowdown
Water Qualitybull Realized significant reduction in OampMbull Increased run time of tower free coolingbull Observational improvements in water qualitybull Conductivity (microsiemens) Control range
lt2400 maintained = 8700 - 20000 (300 -800 outside range)
bull pH value Control range = 73ndash90 maintained = 96ndash102 (up to 13 outside range)
bull ldquoMrdquo Alkalinity (as CaCO3) Control range = 100ndash1000 ppm maintained = 1680 ndash 3004 (68 - 300 outside range)
Month 2012 2013Jan 5497 8830Feb 13421 6491Mar 3830 7836Apr 21667 18275May 25117 26930Jun 50585 40409Jul 73187 76667
Aug 62193 82485Sep 48304 73088Oct 35643 59251Nov 15175 26608Dec 12018 8830
Totals 366637 435702
Monthly Water Savings
NREL | 23
AWT 2 Economics
bull Installed costs higher than normal due to Fed Gov added factors and side stream filtration
bull OampM costs decreased due to reduce chemical usage staff time
bull Local rebates would have offset ~50 of installed cost if Fed Center was not on one master water meter
Economic Parameter
Building 25 (AWT 1) at Local Water
Rate $714kGal
Building 25 (AWT 1) at
GSA Avg Water Rate $1676kGal
Initial Cost ($) $29600 $29600 Cooling Tower Size (tons) 1500 1500Water Savings (Galyr) 401170 401170Water and Sewer Cost Savings ($yr) $2864 $6724
Annual Increase in OampM ($yr) ($2768) ($2768)Simple Payback with OampM (yrs) 53 31Savings to Investment Ratio 38 65
NREL | 24
Additional AWT 1 and 2 Deployments
Denver Federal Center Facility
AWT System Date Installed
Cooling Tower
Size (Tons)
Installed Cost ($)
Annual Water
Savings (Galyr)
Annual Water
Savings ($)
Annual Increas
e in OampM ($yr)
Total Annual
Cost Savings ($yr)
Simple Payback
(yrs)
Bldg20 AWT Technology 1 Nov-16 600 $31057 718597 $5131 ($2768
) $7899 39
Bldg41 AWT Technology 1 Jan-17 1000 $36976 180992
1 $12923 ($2768)
$15691 24
Bldg 85 AWT Technology 2 Jan-14 500 $8756 62450 $446 $1000 ($554) -158
Bldg56 AWT Technology 2 Jan-15 1000 $28557 661160 $4721 $2200 $2521 113
Bldg 810 AWT Technology 2 Jun-14 2 x 500 $31047 113145
0 $8079 $3300 $4779 65
Bldg810 USDA
AWT Technology 2 Mar-16 3 x 500 $31047 104800
0 $7483 $3300 $4183 74
NREL | 25
AWT 3 Technology Description
Silverbulletbull Uses a combination of ozone (O3)
hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) andor UV lights to generate highly reactive hydroxyl (OHbull) and oxygen free radicals
bull Air tube is ran into cooling tower basin and pumps AOP treated air into cooling tower basin
bull Elimination of scale inhibitor corrosion inhibitor potential elimination of biocide
Silver Bullet Interior Cabinet
Manufacturer Reference httpwwwsilverbulletcorpcomcommercial-cooling
NREL | 26
AWT 3 Facility Description
Building Locationbull Denver Federal Centerbull Building 95
Building Factsbull 163206 ft2 two-story bull Office laboratory building
Cooling Systembull (2) 250-ton water-cooled centrifugal
chillers bull (2) induced draft cooling tower
Silver Bullet Interior Cabinet
NREL | 27
AWT 3 Performance Objectives
Quantitative Objectives
Success Criteria Metrics amp Data MampV Results
Water Savingsgt10 reduction in cooling tower water makeup (galton-hr)
- Cooling tower makeup water- Chiller plant energy usage- Outside air conditions
Met Annual water savings 227 to 297
Reduction in Chemical Costs
gt90 reduction in annual chemical costs
-Pre- and post- annual chemical costs
Met Elimination of all chemicals other than biocides
Water ChemistryMeets or exceeds GSA cooling tower water chemistry requirements
- Pre- and post- water chemistry reports
Met GSA water chemistry requirements
Cost EffectivenessSimple payback Savings to Investment ratio (SIR)
- Payback lt 10 years SIRgt 1Met SPP of 34 yrs SIR of 6
Qualitative Objectives
Success Criteria Metrics amp Data MampV Results
Ease of Installation
Less than 2-day installation time
Labor hours to install technology
Met Less than 1 day to install
NREL | 28
AWT Regression Modeling
Baseline Daily Cooling Tower Makeup Water Regression
119862119862119862119862119862119862119862119862119862119862119862119862119862119862 119879119879119862119862119879119879119879119879119879119879 119872119872119872119872119872119872119879119879119872119872119872119872 119882119882119872119872119882119882119879119879119879119879= 1198881198880 + 1198881198881 119882119882119882119882119882119882_119882119882119882119882119882119882119882119882 + 1198881198882 119862119862119862119862119862119862119879119879119879119879119862119862119862119862 + 1198881198883 119862119862119882119882119879119879119879119879119872119872119862119862119862119862119862119862119882119882+ 1198881198884 1198621198621198621198621198621198621198791198791198791198791198621198621198621198622 + 1198881198885 119862119862119862119862119862119862119879119879119879119879119862119862119862119862 119862119862119882119882119879119879119879119879119872119872119862119862119862119862119862119862119882119882
NREL | 29
AWT 3 Water Savings and Water Quality
Water Savings bull Measured CoC ranged from 51-144bull Measured 263 reduction in
makeup water (blowdown not measured)
Water Qualitybull Realized reduction in chiller
condenser tube foulingbull Elimination of scaling corrosion
inhibitor uses small amount of biocide
bull ORP of 194 GSA range gt 300
Month
2017 Cooling Tower
Makeup (GalMon)
2014 Weather
Normalized Baseline
Water (GalMon)
1-Jan 928 01-Feb 15042 183011-Mar 46706 545561-Apr 52254 663501-May 54904 1075431-Jun 282322 3754191-Jul 398206 506684
1-Aug 298039 4451161-Sep 190375 2757491-Oct 61146 1086231-Nov 35554 449301-Dec 40005 0
Totals 1475482 2003273
NREL | 30
AWT 3 Economics
bull Installed costs higher than normal due to Fed Gov added factors and side stream filtration
bull OampM costs decreased due to reduce chemical usage staff time
bull Local rebates would have offset ~50 of installed cost if Fed Center was not on one master water meter
BaselineTested
Technology (After)1
Difference w Local
Sewer+Water Rate
($714kGal)
Difference w GSA Avg Water Rate
$1676kGal(Before)
Installation3 NA $21125 $21125 $21125 Annual Maintenance $5855yr $3333yr $2522yr $2522yr
Annual Water Consumption (Gallonsyr)
2003273 1475482 527791 527791
Annual Water Costs$14303 $10535 $3768 $8846($yr)
Simple Payback yrs 34 19Savings-to-
Investment RatioInteger value between 0
and 10060 108
NREL | 31
AWT 3 Energy Modeling
bull Energy Plus Commercial Building Reference Modelbull Post 1980 construction Large office building
498588 ft2
bull Modeled 3 CoC baseline 10 CoC 15 CoC
NREL | 32
AWT 3 Energy Modeling
bull Modeled water rates for each citybull Water rates vary significantly by city cities with
highest rates had highest savings
NREL | 33
AWT 3 Energy Modeling
bull Calculated SIR per location as a function of water rate (SIRgt1)
bull Used for high cost case of $25000
bull Does not include OampM cost savings
NREL | 34
AWT4 Technology Description
Scale controlElectro-catalytic process accelerates scale formation in the reactorsScale is easily removed from reactors
Expected Performancebull Blowdown water (and sewer) savings of 25-95 (CoC 30 or more)bull Elimination of chemicalsbull Energy savings ndash depending on the amount of scale in the baseline case
Corrosion controlMaintains balanced pH and mineral content to minimize corrosion
Biological Growth controlForms HOCl and Cl2 from the chlorides in the water for biocides
Dynamic Water Technologies amp Universal Environmental Technologiesbull Chemical free electrolysis
UET reactor skid
NREL | 35
AWT 4 Facility Description
Test site 1bull 240000 ft2 federal office building Savannah GAbull 2 250-ton chillers and 2 cooling towersbull 1 UET reactor skidbull Test period June ndash October 2017
Test site 2bull 530000 ft2 office building Los Angeles CAbull 2 800-ton and 2-500 ton chillers and 4 cooling towersbull 2 UET reactor skidsbull Test period June ndash October 2018 (ongoing)
NREL | 36
AWT 4 Water Savings and Water Quality
Water Savings bull Measured CoC gt 30bull Measured 98 reduction in
blowdownbull gt 1 million gal saved annually
Water Qualitybull No measured reduction in scaling bull Noticeable reduction in biological
growth and cleaning requirementsbull Observational improvements in
water qualitybull DWT maintains a high conductivity
setting (6000)
Scale removal from reactor cores
NREL | 37
AWT 4 Test Site 1 Results
Economic ParameterLocal Water
Rate $664kGal
GSA Avg Water Rate $1676kGal
Initial Cost ($) $59369 $59369 Cooling Tower Size (tons) 500 500Water Savings (Galyr) 1003300 1003300Water and Sewer Cost Savings ($yr) $6662 $16816 Annual Increase in OampM ($yr) ($720) ($720) Simple Payback with OampM (yrs) 10 37Savings to Investment Ratio 20 54
bull Installed costs higher than normal due to tech demo costs and Fed Gov added factors
bull Revised cost used in analysis
bull OampM costs increased slightly with annual service contract
NREL | 38
AWT4 Test Site 2 Results
bull Baseline period completebull DWT-UET system start up on 792018bull Expected testing through October 2018
Questions
michaelderunrelgov
jessedeannrelgov
Thank You
- Slide Number 1
- Cooling Tower Water Management Best Practices
- HVAC Research Team Call
- Cooling Tower Basics
- Balancing Cooling Tower Water Quality
- Cooling Tower Cycles of Concentration
- Corrosion vs Scale
- Genetic Biological Sampling
- Technology Testing Programs
- Emerging Technology Framework
- GSA Green Proving Ground Objectives
- Communicating MampV Outcomes from GSA Test Beds
- Technologies Tested by GPG with Published Results
- General AWT MampV Framework
- GSA Required Cooling Tower Water Quality
- AWT 1 Technology Description
- AWT 1 Facility Description
- AWT 1 Water Savings and Water Quality
- AWT 1 Economics
- AWT 2 Technology Description
- AWT 2 Facility Description
- AWT 2 Water Savings and Water Quality
- AWT 2 Economics
- Additional AWT 1 and 2 Deployments
- AWT 3 Technology Description
- AWT 3 Facility Description
- AWT 3 Performance Objectives
- AWT Regression Modeling
- AWT 3 Water Savings and Water Quality
- AWT 3 Economics
- AWT 3 Energy Modeling
- AWT 3 Energy Modeling
- AWT 3 Energy Modeling
- AWT4 Technology Description
- AWT 4 Facility Description
- AWT 4 Water Savings and Water Quality
- AWT 4 Test Site 1 Results
- AWT4 Test Site 2 Results
- Questions
- Thank You
-
NREL | 19
AWT 1 Economics
bull Installed costs higher than normal due to Fed Gov added factors and side stream filtration
bull OampM costs increased due to increased scaling chemical costs and side stream filtration OampM
bull Local rebates would have offset ~50 of installed cost if Fed Center was not on one master water meter
Economic Parameter
Building 67 (AWT 2) at Local Water
Rate $714kGal
Building 67 (AWT 2) at
GSA Avg Water Rate $1676kGal
Initial Cost ($) $39900 $39900 Cooling Tower Size (tons) 1200 1200Water Savings (Galyr) 824448 824448Water and Sewer Cost Savings ($yr) $5887 $13818 Annual Increase in OampM ($yr) $3300 $3300 Simple Payback with OampM (yrs) 154 38Savings to Investment Ratio 13 53
NREL | 20
AWT 2 Technology Description
Water Conservation Technology International bull Salt based water softening
system to remove hardnessndash Polyethylene regeneration
tank and brine tankbull No need for corrosion or scale
inhibitor very little biocidebull Regeneration uses 70 gallons 2-
3 timesweek in summer 1 timeweek spring fall
Representative diagram of system layout for Building 25 (Credit Joelynn Schroeder NREL)
Manufacturer Reference httpswwwwater-cticomtechnologyhtml
NREL | 21
AWT 2 Facility Description
Building Locationbull Denver Federal Centerbull Building 25
Building Factsbull 360797 square feet ft2 office lab buildingbull 425 occupants
Cooling Systembull (2) 500-ton chillersbull (3) 500-ton cooling towersbull (1) flat plate heat-exchange
AWT 2 Regeneration and Brine Tank
AWT 2 Controller
NREL | 22
AWT 2 Water Savings and Water Quality
Water Savings bull Measured CoC ranged from 12-80bull Measured 99 reduction in blowdown
Water Qualitybull Realized significant reduction in OampMbull Increased run time of tower free coolingbull Observational improvements in water qualitybull Conductivity (microsiemens) Control range
lt2400 maintained = 8700 - 20000 (300 -800 outside range)
bull pH value Control range = 73ndash90 maintained = 96ndash102 (up to 13 outside range)
bull ldquoMrdquo Alkalinity (as CaCO3) Control range = 100ndash1000 ppm maintained = 1680 ndash 3004 (68 - 300 outside range)
Month 2012 2013Jan 5497 8830Feb 13421 6491Mar 3830 7836Apr 21667 18275May 25117 26930Jun 50585 40409Jul 73187 76667
Aug 62193 82485Sep 48304 73088Oct 35643 59251Nov 15175 26608Dec 12018 8830
Totals 366637 435702
Monthly Water Savings
NREL | 23
AWT 2 Economics
bull Installed costs higher than normal due to Fed Gov added factors and side stream filtration
bull OampM costs decreased due to reduce chemical usage staff time
bull Local rebates would have offset ~50 of installed cost if Fed Center was not on one master water meter
Economic Parameter
Building 25 (AWT 1) at Local Water
Rate $714kGal
Building 25 (AWT 1) at
GSA Avg Water Rate $1676kGal
Initial Cost ($) $29600 $29600 Cooling Tower Size (tons) 1500 1500Water Savings (Galyr) 401170 401170Water and Sewer Cost Savings ($yr) $2864 $6724
Annual Increase in OampM ($yr) ($2768) ($2768)Simple Payback with OampM (yrs) 53 31Savings to Investment Ratio 38 65
NREL | 24
Additional AWT 1 and 2 Deployments
Denver Federal Center Facility
AWT System Date Installed
Cooling Tower
Size (Tons)
Installed Cost ($)
Annual Water
Savings (Galyr)
Annual Water
Savings ($)
Annual Increas
e in OampM ($yr)
Total Annual
Cost Savings ($yr)
Simple Payback
(yrs)
Bldg20 AWT Technology 1 Nov-16 600 $31057 718597 $5131 ($2768
) $7899 39
Bldg41 AWT Technology 1 Jan-17 1000 $36976 180992
1 $12923 ($2768)
$15691 24
Bldg 85 AWT Technology 2 Jan-14 500 $8756 62450 $446 $1000 ($554) -158
Bldg56 AWT Technology 2 Jan-15 1000 $28557 661160 $4721 $2200 $2521 113
Bldg 810 AWT Technology 2 Jun-14 2 x 500 $31047 113145
0 $8079 $3300 $4779 65
Bldg810 USDA
AWT Technology 2 Mar-16 3 x 500 $31047 104800
0 $7483 $3300 $4183 74
NREL | 25
AWT 3 Technology Description
Silverbulletbull Uses a combination of ozone (O3)
hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) andor UV lights to generate highly reactive hydroxyl (OHbull) and oxygen free radicals
bull Air tube is ran into cooling tower basin and pumps AOP treated air into cooling tower basin
bull Elimination of scale inhibitor corrosion inhibitor potential elimination of biocide
Silver Bullet Interior Cabinet
Manufacturer Reference httpwwwsilverbulletcorpcomcommercial-cooling
NREL | 26
AWT 3 Facility Description
Building Locationbull Denver Federal Centerbull Building 95
Building Factsbull 163206 ft2 two-story bull Office laboratory building
Cooling Systembull (2) 250-ton water-cooled centrifugal
chillers bull (2) induced draft cooling tower
Silver Bullet Interior Cabinet
NREL | 27
AWT 3 Performance Objectives
Quantitative Objectives
Success Criteria Metrics amp Data MampV Results
Water Savingsgt10 reduction in cooling tower water makeup (galton-hr)
- Cooling tower makeup water- Chiller plant energy usage- Outside air conditions
Met Annual water savings 227 to 297
Reduction in Chemical Costs
gt90 reduction in annual chemical costs
-Pre- and post- annual chemical costs
Met Elimination of all chemicals other than biocides
Water ChemistryMeets or exceeds GSA cooling tower water chemistry requirements
- Pre- and post- water chemistry reports
Met GSA water chemistry requirements
Cost EffectivenessSimple payback Savings to Investment ratio (SIR)
- Payback lt 10 years SIRgt 1Met SPP of 34 yrs SIR of 6
Qualitative Objectives
Success Criteria Metrics amp Data MampV Results
Ease of Installation
Less than 2-day installation time
Labor hours to install technology
Met Less than 1 day to install
NREL | 28
AWT Regression Modeling
Baseline Daily Cooling Tower Makeup Water Regression
119862119862119862119862119862119862119862119862119862119862119862119862119862119862 119879119879119862119862119879119879119879119879119879119879 119872119872119872119872119872119872119879119879119872119872119872119872 119882119882119872119872119882119882119879119879119879119879= 1198881198880 + 1198881198881 119882119882119882119882119882119882_119882119882119882119882119882119882119882119882 + 1198881198882 119862119862119862119862119862119862119879119879119879119879119862119862119862119862 + 1198881198883 119862119862119882119882119879119879119879119879119872119872119862119862119862119862119862119862119882119882+ 1198881198884 1198621198621198621198621198621198621198791198791198791198791198621198621198621198622 + 1198881198885 119862119862119862119862119862119862119879119879119879119879119862119862119862119862 119862119862119882119882119879119879119879119879119872119872119862119862119862119862119862119862119882119882
NREL | 29
AWT 3 Water Savings and Water Quality
Water Savings bull Measured CoC ranged from 51-144bull Measured 263 reduction in
makeup water (blowdown not measured)
Water Qualitybull Realized reduction in chiller
condenser tube foulingbull Elimination of scaling corrosion
inhibitor uses small amount of biocide
bull ORP of 194 GSA range gt 300
Month
2017 Cooling Tower
Makeup (GalMon)
2014 Weather
Normalized Baseline
Water (GalMon)
1-Jan 928 01-Feb 15042 183011-Mar 46706 545561-Apr 52254 663501-May 54904 1075431-Jun 282322 3754191-Jul 398206 506684
1-Aug 298039 4451161-Sep 190375 2757491-Oct 61146 1086231-Nov 35554 449301-Dec 40005 0
Totals 1475482 2003273
NREL | 30
AWT 3 Economics
bull Installed costs higher than normal due to Fed Gov added factors and side stream filtration
bull OampM costs decreased due to reduce chemical usage staff time
bull Local rebates would have offset ~50 of installed cost if Fed Center was not on one master water meter
BaselineTested
Technology (After)1
Difference w Local
Sewer+Water Rate
($714kGal)
Difference w GSA Avg Water Rate
$1676kGal(Before)
Installation3 NA $21125 $21125 $21125 Annual Maintenance $5855yr $3333yr $2522yr $2522yr
Annual Water Consumption (Gallonsyr)
2003273 1475482 527791 527791
Annual Water Costs$14303 $10535 $3768 $8846($yr)
Simple Payback yrs 34 19Savings-to-
Investment RatioInteger value between 0
and 10060 108
NREL | 31
AWT 3 Energy Modeling
bull Energy Plus Commercial Building Reference Modelbull Post 1980 construction Large office building
498588 ft2
bull Modeled 3 CoC baseline 10 CoC 15 CoC
NREL | 32
AWT 3 Energy Modeling
bull Modeled water rates for each citybull Water rates vary significantly by city cities with
highest rates had highest savings
NREL | 33
AWT 3 Energy Modeling
bull Calculated SIR per location as a function of water rate (SIRgt1)
bull Used for high cost case of $25000
bull Does not include OampM cost savings
NREL | 34
AWT4 Technology Description
Scale controlElectro-catalytic process accelerates scale formation in the reactorsScale is easily removed from reactors
Expected Performancebull Blowdown water (and sewer) savings of 25-95 (CoC 30 or more)bull Elimination of chemicalsbull Energy savings ndash depending on the amount of scale in the baseline case
Corrosion controlMaintains balanced pH and mineral content to minimize corrosion
Biological Growth controlForms HOCl and Cl2 from the chlorides in the water for biocides
Dynamic Water Technologies amp Universal Environmental Technologiesbull Chemical free electrolysis
UET reactor skid
NREL | 35
AWT 4 Facility Description
Test site 1bull 240000 ft2 federal office building Savannah GAbull 2 250-ton chillers and 2 cooling towersbull 1 UET reactor skidbull Test period June ndash October 2017
Test site 2bull 530000 ft2 office building Los Angeles CAbull 2 800-ton and 2-500 ton chillers and 4 cooling towersbull 2 UET reactor skidsbull Test period June ndash October 2018 (ongoing)
NREL | 36
AWT 4 Water Savings and Water Quality
Water Savings bull Measured CoC gt 30bull Measured 98 reduction in
blowdownbull gt 1 million gal saved annually
Water Qualitybull No measured reduction in scaling bull Noticeable reduction in biological
growth and cleaning requirementsbull Observational improvements in
water qualitybull DWT maintains a high conductivity
setting (6000)
Scale removal from reactor cores
NREL | 37
AWT 4 Test Site 1 Results
Economic ParameterLocal Water
Rate $664kGal
GSA Avg Water Rate $1676kGal
Initial Cost ($) $59369 $59369 Cooling Tower Size (tons) 500 500Water Savings (Galyr) 1003300 1003300Water and Sewer Cost Savings ($yr) $6662 $16816 Annual Increase in OampM ($yr) ($720) ($720) Simple Payback with OampM (yrs) 10 37Savings to Investment Ratio 20 54
bull Installed costs higher than normal due to tech demo costs and Fed Gov added factors
bull Revised cost used in analysis
bull OampM costs increased slightly with annual service contract
NREL | 38
AWT4 Test Site 2 Results
bull Baseline period completebull DWT-UET system start up on 792018bull Expected testing through October 2018
Questions
michaelderunrelgov
jessedeannrelgov
Thank You
- Slide Number 1
- Cooling Tower Water Management Best Practices
- HVAC Research Team Call
- Cooling Tower Basics
- Balancing Cooling Tower Water Quality
- Cooling Tower Cycles of Concentration
- Corrosion vs Scale
- Genetic Biological Sampling
- Technology Testing Programs
- Emerging Technology Framework
- GSA Green Proving Ground Objectives
- Communicating MampV Outcomes from GSA Test Beds
- Technologies Tested by GPG with Published Results
- General AWT MampV Framework
- GSA Required Cooling Tower Water Quality
- AWT 1 Technology Description
- AWT 1 Facility Description
- AWT 1 Water Savings and Water Quality
- AWT 1 Economics
- AWT 2 Technology Description
- AWT 2 Facility Description
- AWT 2 Water Savings and Water Quality
- AWT 2 Economics
- Additional AWT 1 and 2 Deployments
- AWT 3 Technology Description
- AWT 3 Facility Description
- AWT 3 Performance Objectives
- AWT Regression Modeling
- AWT 3 Water Savings and Water Quality
- AWT 3 Economics
- AWT 3 Energy Modeling
- AWT 3 Energy Modeling
- AWT 3 Energy Modeling
- AWT4 Technology Description
- AWT 4 Facility Description
- AWT 4 Water Savings and Water Quality
- AWT 4 Test Site 1 Results
- AWT4 Test Site 2 Results
- Questions
- Thank You
-
NREL | 20
AWT 2 Technology Description
Water Conservation Technology International bull Salt based water softening
system to remove hardnessndash Polyethylene regeneration
tank and brine tankbull No need for corrosion or scale
inhibitor very little biocidebull Regeneration uses 70 gallons 2-
3 timesweek in summer 1 timeweek spring fall
Representative diagram of system layout for Building 25 (Credit Joelynn Schroeder NREL)
Manufacturer Reference httpswwwwater-cticomtechnologyhtml
NREL | 21
AWT 2 Facility Description
Building Locationbull Denver Federal Centerbull Building 25
Building Factsbull 360797 square feet ft2 office lab buildingbull 425 occupants
Cooling Systembull (2) 500-ton chillersbull (3) 500-ton cooling towersbull (1) flat plate heat-exchange
AWT 2 Regeneration and Brine Tank
AWT 2 Controller
NREL | 22
AWT 2 Water Savings and Water Quality
Water Savings bull Measured CoC ranged from 12-80bull Measured 99 reduction in blowdown
Water Qualitybull Realized significant reduction in OampMbull Increased run time of tower free coolingbull Observational improvements in water qualitybull Conductivity (microsiemens) Control range
lt2400 maintained = 8700 - 20000 (300 -800 outside range)
bull pH value Control range = 73ndash90 maintained = 96ndash102 (up to 13 outside range)
bull ldquoMrdquo Alkalinity (as CaCO3) Control range = 100ndash1000 ppm maintained = 1680 ndash 3004 (68 - 300 outside range)
Month 2012 2013Jan 5497 8830Feb 13421 6491Mar 3830 7836Apr 21667 18275May 25117 26930Jun 50585 40409Jul 73187 76667
Aug 62193 82485Sep 48304 73088Oct 35643 59251Nov 15175 26608Dec 12018 8830
Totals 366637 435702
Monthly Water Savings
NREL | 23
AWT 2 Economics
bull Installed costs higher than normal due to Fed Gov added factors and side stream filtration
bull OampM costs decreased due to reduce chemical usage staff time
bull Local rebates would have offset ~50 of installed cost if Fed Center was not on one master water meter
Economic Parameter
Building 25 (AWT 1) at Local Water
Rate $714kGal
Building 25 (AWT 1) at
GSA Avg Water Rate $1676kGal
Initial Cost ($) $29600 $29600 Cooling Tower Size (tons) 1500 1500Water Savings (Galyr) 401170 401170Water and Sewer Cost Savings ($yr) $2864 $6724
Annual Increase in OampM ($yr) ($2768) ($2768)Simple Payback with OampM (yrs) 53 31Savings to Investment Ratio 38 65
NREL | 24
Additional AWT 1 and 2 Deployments
Denver Federal Center Facility
AWT System Date Installed
Cooling Tower
Size (Tons)
Installed Cost ($)
Annual Water
Savings (Galyr)
Annual Water
Savings ($)
Annual Increas
e in OampM ($yr)
Total Annual
Cost Savings ($yr)
Simple Payback
(yrs)
Bldg20 AWT Technology 1 Nov-16 600 $31057 718597 $5131 ($2768
) $7899 39
Bldg41 AWT Technology 1 Jan-17 1000 $36976 180992
1 $12923 ($2768)
$15691 24
Bldg 85 AWT Technology 2 Jan-14 500 $8756 62450 $446 $1000 ($554) -158
Bldg56 AWT Technology 2 Jan-15 1000 $28557 661160 $4721 $2200 $2521 113
Bldg 810 AWT Technology 2 Jun-14 2 x 500 $31047 113145
0 $8079 $3300 $4779 65
Bldg810 USDA
AWT Technology 2 Mar-16 3 x 500 $31047 104800
0 $7483 $3300 $4183 74
NREL | 25
AWT 3 Technology Description
Silverbulletbull Uses a combination of ozone (O3)
hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) andor UV lights to generate highly reactive hydroxyl (OHbull) and oxygen free radicals
bull Air tube is ran into cooling tower basin and pumps AOP treated air into cooling tower basin
bull Elimination of scale inhibitor corrosion inhibitor potential elimination of biocide
Silver Bullet Interior Cabinet
Manufacturer Reference httpwwwsilverbulletcorpcomcommercial-cooling
NREL | 26
AWT 3 Facility Description
Building Locationbull Denver Federal Centerbull Building 95
Building Factsbull 163206 ft2 two-story bull Office laboratory building
Cooling Systembull (2) 250-ton water-cooled centrifugal
chillers bull (2) induced draft cooling tower
Silver Bullet Interior Cabinet
NREL | 27
AWT 3 Performance Objectives
Quantitative Objectives
Success Criteria Metrics amp Data MampV Results
Water Savingsgt10 reduction in cooling tower water makeup (galton-hr)
- Cooling tower makeup water- Chiller plant energy usage- Outside air conditions
Met Annual water savings 227 to 297
Reduction in Chemical Costs
gt90 reduction in annual chemical costs
-Pre- and post- annual chemical costs
Met Elimination of all chemicals other than biocides
Water ChemistryMeets or exceeds GSA cooling tower water chemistry requirements
- Pre- and post- water chemistry reports
Met GSA water chemistry requirements
Cost EffectivenessSimple payback Savings to Investment ratio (SIR)
- Payback lt 10 years SIRgt 1Met SPP of 34 yrs SIR of 6
Qualitative Objectives
Success Criteria Metrics amp Data MampV Results
Ease of Installation
Less than 2-day installation time
Labor hours to install technology
Met Less than 1 day to install
NREL | 28
AWT Regression Modeling
Baseline Daily Cooling Tower Makeup Water Regression
119862119862119862119862119862119862119862119862119862119862119862119862119862119862 119879119879119862119862119879119879119879119879119879119879 119872119872119872119872119872119872119879119879119872119872119872119872 119882119882119872119872119882119882119879119879119879119879= 1198881198880 + 1198881198881 119882119882119882119882119882119882_119882119882119882119882119882119882119882119882 + 1198881198882 119862119862119862119862119862119862119879119879119879119879119862119862119862119862 + 1198881198883 119862119862119882119882119879119879119879119879119872119872119862119862119862119862119862119862119882119882+ 1198881198884 1198621198621198621198621198621198621198791198791198791198791198621198621198621198622 + 1198881198885 119862119862119862119862119862119862119879119879119879119879119862119862119862119862 119862119862119882119882119879119879119879119879119872119872119862119862119862119862119862119862119882119882
NREL | 29
AWT 3 Water Savings and Water Quality
Water Savings bull Measured CoC ranged from 51-144bull Measured 263 reduction in
makeup water (blowdown not measured)
Water Qualitybull Realized reduction in chiller
condenser tube foulingbull Elimination of scaling corrosion
inhibitor uses small amount of biocide
bull ORP of 194 GSA range gt 300
Month
2017 Cooling Tower
Makeup (GalMon)
2014 Weather
Normalized Baseline
Water (GalMon)
1-Jan 928 01-Feb 15042 183011-Mar 46706 545561-Apr 52254 663501-May 54904 1075431-Jun 282322 3754191-Jul 398206 506684
1-Aug 298039 4451161-Sep 190375 2757491-Oct 61146 1086231-Nov 35554 449301-Dec 40005 0
Totals 1475482 2003273
NREL | 30
AWT 3 Economics
bull Installed costs higher than normal due to Fed Gov added factors and side stream filtration
bull OampM costs decreased due to reduce chemical usage staff time
bull Local rebates would have offset ~50 of installed cost if Fed Center was not on one master water meter
BaselineTested
Technology (After)1
Difference w Local
Sewer+Water Rate
($714kGal)
Difference w GSA Avg Water Rate
$1676kGal(Before)
Installation3 NA $21125 $21125 $21125 Annual Maintenance $5855yr $3333yr $2522yr $2522yr
Annual Water Consumption (Gallonsyr)
2003273 1475482 527791 527791
Annual Water Costs$14303 $10535 $3768 $8846($yr)
Simple Payback yrs 34 19Savings-to-
Investment RatioInteger value between 0
and 10060 108
NREL | 31
AWT 3 Energy Modeling
bull Energy Plus Commercial Building Reference Modelbull Post 1980 construction Large office building
498588 ft2
bull Modeled 3 CoC baseline 10 CoC 15 CoC
NREL | 32
AWT 3 Energy Modeling
bull Modeled water rates for each citybull Water rates vary significantly by city cities with
highest rates had highest savings
NREL | 33
AWT 3 Energy Modeling
bull Calculated SIR per location as a function of water rate (SIRgt1)
bull Used for high cost case of $25000
bull Does not include OampM cost savings
NREL | 34
AWT4 Technology Description
Scale controlElectro-catalytic process accelerates scale formation in the reactorsScale is easily removed from reactors
Expected Performancebull Blowdown water (and sewer) savings of 25-95 (CoC 30 or more)bull Elimination of chemicalsbull Energy savings ndash depending on the amount of scale in the baseline case
Corrosion controlMaintains balanced pH and mineral content to minimize corrosion
Biological Growth controlForms HOCl and Cl2 from the chlorides in the water for biocides
Dynamic Water Technologies amp Universal Environmental Technologiesbull Chemical free electrolysis
UET reactor skid
NREL | 35
AWT 4 Facility Description
Test site 1bull 240000 ft2 federal office building Savannah GAbull 2 250-ton chillers and 2 cooling towersbull 1 UET reactor skidbull Test period June ndash October 2017
Test site 2bull 530000 ft2 office building Los Angeles CAbull 2 800-ton and 2-500 ton chillers and 4 cooling towersbull 2 UET reactor skidsbull Test period June ndash October 2018 (ongoing)
NREL | 36
AWT 4 Water Savings and Water Quality
Water Savings bull Measured CoC gt 30bull Measured 98 reduction in
blowdownbull gt 1 million gal saved annually
Water Qualitybull No measured reduction in scaling bull Noticeable reduction in biological
growth and cleaning requirementsbull Observational improvements in
water qualitybull DWT maintains a high conductivity
setting (6000)
Scale removal from reactor cores
NREL | 37
AWT 4 Test Site 1 Results
Economic ParameterLocal Water
Rate $664kGal
GSA Avg Water Rate $1676kGal
Initial Cost ($) $59369 $59369 Cooling Tower Size (tons) 500 500Water Savings (Galyr) 1003300 1003300Water and Sewer Cost Savings ($yr) $6662 $16816 Annual Increase in OampM ($yr) ($720) ($720) Simple Payback with OampM (yrs) 10 37Savings to Investment Ratio 20 54
bull Installed costs higher than normal due to tech demo costs and Fed Gov added factors
bull Revised cost used in analysis
bull OampM costs increased slightly with annual service contract
NREL | 38
AWT4 Test Site 2 Results
bull Baseline period completebull DWT-UET system start up on 792018bull Expected testing through October 2018
Questions
michaelderunrelgov
jessedeannrelgov
Thank You
- Slide Number 1
- Cooling Tower Water Management Best Practices
- HVAC Research Team Call
- Cooling Tower Basics
- Balancing Cooling Tower Water Quality
- Cooling Tower Cycles of Concentration
- Corrosion vs Scale
- Genetic Biological Sampling
- Technology Testing Programs
- Emerging Technology Framework
- GSA Green Proving Ground Objectives
- Communicating MampV Outcomes from GSA Test Beds
- Technologies Tested by GPG with Published Results
- General AWT MampV Framework
- GSA Required Cooling Tower Water Quality
- AWT 1 Technology Description
- AWT 1 Facility Description
- AWT 1 Water Savings and Water Quality
- AWT 1 Economics
- AWT 2 Technology Description
- AWT 2 Facility Description
- AWT 2 Water Savings and Water Quality
- AWT 2 Economics
- Additional AWT 1 and 2 Deployments
- AWT 3 Technology Description
- AWT 3 Facility Description
- AWT 3 Performance Objectives
- AWT Regression Modeling
- AWT 3 Water Savings and Water Quality
- AWT 3 Economics
- AWT 3 Energy Modeling
- AWT 3 Energy Modeling
- AWT 3 Energy Modeling
- AWT4 Technology Description
- AWT 4 Facility Description
- AWT 4 Water Savings and Water Quality
- AWT 4 Test Site 1 Results
- AWT4 Test Site 2 Results
- Questions
- Thank You
-
NREL | 21
AWT 2 Facility Description
Building Locationbull Denver Federal Centerbull Building 25
Building Factsbull 360797 square feet ft2 office lab buildingbull 425 occupants
Cooling Systembull (2) 500-ton chillersbull (3) 500-ton cooling towersbull (1) flat plate heat-exchange
AWT 2 Regeneration and Brine Tank
AWT 2 Controller
NREL | 22
AWT 2 Water Savings and Water Quality
Water Savings bull Measured CoC ranged from 12-80bull Measured 99 reduction in blowdown
Water Qualitybull Realized significant reduction in OampMbull Increased run time of tower free coolingbull Observational improvements in water qualitybull Conductivity (microsiemens) Control range
lt2400 maintained = 8700 - 20000 (300 -800 outside range)
bull pH value Control range = 73ndash90 maintained = 96ndash102 (up to 13 outside range)
bull ldquoMrdquo Alkalinity (as CaCO3) Control range = 100ndash1000 ppm maintained = 1680 ndash 3004 (68 - 300 outside range)
Month 2012 2013Jan 5497 8830Feb 13421 6491Mar 3830 7836Apr 21667 18275May 25117 26930Jun 50585 40409Jul 73187 76667
Aug 62193 82485Sep 48304 73088Oct 35643 59251Nov 15175 26608Dec 12018 8830
Totals 366637 435702
Monthly Water Savings
NREL | 23
AWT 2 Economics
bull Installed costs higher than normal due to Fed Gov added factors and side stream filtration
bull OampM costs decreased due to reduce chemical usage staff time
bull Local rebates would have offset ~50 of installed cost if Fed Center was not on one master water meter
Economic Parameter
Building 25 (AWT 1) at Local Water
Rate $714kGal
Building 25 (AWT 1) at
GSA Avg Water Rate $1676kGal
Initial Cost ($) $29600 $29600 Cooling Tower Size (tons) 1500 1500Water Savings (Galyr) 401170 401170Water and Sewer Cost Savings ($yr) $2864 $6724
Annual Increase in OampM ($yr) ($2768) ($2768)Simple Payback with OampM (yrs) 53 31Savings to Investment Ratio 38 65
NREL | 24
Additional AWT 1 and 2 Deployments
Denver Federal Center Facility
AWT System Date Installed
Cooling Tower
Size (Tons)
Installed Cost ($)
Annual Water
Savings (Galyr)
Annual Water
Savings ($)
Annual Increas
e in OampM ($yr)
Total Annual
Cost Savings ($yr)
Simple Payback
(yrs)
Bldg20 AWT Technology 1 Nov-16 600 $31057 718597 $5131 ($2768
) $7899 39
Bldg41 AWT Technology 1 Jan-17 1000 $36976 180992
1 $12923 ($2768)
$15691 24
Bldg 85 AWT Technology 2 Jan-14 500 $8756 62450 $446 $1000 ($554) -158
Bldg56 AWT Technology 2 Jan-15 1000 $28557 661160 $4721 $2200 $2521 113
Bldg 810 AWT Technology 2 Jun-14 2 x 500 $31047 113145
0 $8079 $3300 $4779 65
Bldg810 USDA
AWT Technology 2 Mar-16 3 x 500 $31047 104800
0 $7483 $3300 $4183 74
NREL | 25
AWT 3 Technology Description
Silverbulletbull Uses a combination of ozone (O3)
hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) andor UV lights to generate highly reactive hydroxyl (OHbull) and oxygen free radicals
bull Air tube is ran into cooling tower basin and pumps AOP treated air into cooling tower basin
bull Elimination of scale inhibitor corrosion inhibitor potential elimination of biocide
Silver Bullet Interior Cabinet
Manufacturer Reference httpwwwsilverbulletcorpcomcommercial-cooling
NREL | 26
AWT 3 Facility Description
Building Locationbull Denver Federal Centerbull Building 95
Building Factsbull 163206 ft2 two-story bull Office laboratory building
Cooling Systembull (2) 250-ton water-cooled centrifugal
chillers bull (2) induced draft cooling tower
Silver Bullet Interior Cabinet
NREL | 27
AWT 3 Performance Objectives
Quantitative Objectives
Success Criteria Metrics amp Data MampV Results
Water Savingsgt10 reduction in cooling tower water makeup (galton-hr)
- Cooling tower makeup water- Chiller plant energy usage- Outside air conditions
Met Annual water savings 227 to 297
Reduction in Chemical Costs
gt90 reduction in annual chemical costs
-Pre- and post- annual chemical costs
Met Elimination of all chemicals other than biocides
Water ChemistryMeets or exceeds GSA cooling tower water chemistry requirements
- Pre- and post- water chemistry reports
Met GSA water chemistry requirements
Cost EffectivenessSimple payback Savings to Investment ratio (SIR)
- Payback lt 10 years SIRgt 1Met SPP of 34 yrs SIR of 6
Qualitative Objectives
Success Criteria Metrics amp Data MampV Results
Ease of Installation
Less than 2-day installation time
Labor hours to install technology
Met Less than 1 day to install
NREL | 28
AWT Regression Modeling
Baseline Daily Cooling Tower Makeup Water Regression
119862119862119862119862119862119862119862119862119862119862119862119862119862119862 119879119879119862119862119879119879119879119879119879119879 119872119872119872119872119872119872119879119879119872119872119872119872 119882119882119872119872119882119882119879119879119879119879= 1198881198880 + 1198881198881 119882119882119882119882119882119882_119882119882119882119882119882119882119882119882 + 1198881198882 119862119862119862119862119862119862119879119879119879119879119862119862119862119862 + 1198881198883 119862119862119882119882119879119879119879119879119872119872119862119862119862119862119862119862119882119882+ 1198881198884 1198621198621198621198621198621198621198791198791198791198791198621198621198621198622 + 1198881198885 119862119862119862119862119862119862119879119879119879119879119862119862119862119862 119862119862119882119882119879119879119879119879119872119872119862119862119862119862119862119862119882119882
NREL | 29
AWT 3 Water Savings and Water Quality
Water Savings bull Measured CoC ranged from 51-144bull Measured 263 reduction in
makeup water (blowdown not measured)
Water Qualitybull Realized reduction in chiller
condenser tube foulingbull Elimination of scaling corrosion
inhibitor uses small amount of biocide
bull ORP of 194 GSA range gt 300
Month
2017 Cooling Tower
Makeup (GalMon)
2014 Weather
Normalized Baseline
Water (GalMon)
1-Jan 928 01-Feb 15042 183011-Mar 46706 545561-Apr 52254 663501-May 54904 1075431-Jun 282322 3754191-Jul 398206 506684
1-Aug 298039 4451161-Sep 190375 2757491-Oct 61146 1086231-Nov 35554 449301-Dec 40005 0
Totals 1475482 2003273
NREL | 30
AWT 3 Economics
bull Installed costs higher than normal due to Fed Gov added factors and side stream filtration
bull OampM costs decreased due to reduce chemical usage staff time
bull Local rebates would have offset ~50 of installed cost if Fed Center was not on one master water meter
BaselineTested
Technology (After)1
Difference w Local
Sewer+Water Rate
($714kGal)
Difference w GSA Avg Water Rate
$1676kGal(Before)
Installation3 NA $21125 $21125 $21125 Annual Maintenance $5855yr $3333yr $2522yr $2522yr
Annual Water Consumption (Gallonsyr)
2003273 1475482 527791 527791
Annual Water Costs$14303 $10535 $3768 $8846($yr)
Simple Payback yrs 34 19Savings-to-
Investment RatioInteger value between 0
and 10060 108
NREL | 31
AWT 3 Energy Modeling
bull Energy Plus Commercial Building Reference Modelbull Post 1980 construction Large office building
498588 ft2
bull Modeled 3 CoC baseline 10 CoC 15 CoC
NREL | 32
AWT 3 Energy Modeling
bull Modeled water rates for each citybull Water rates vary significantly by city cities with
highest rates had highest savings
NREL | 33
AWT 3 Energy Modeling
bull Calculated SIR per location as a function of water rate (SIRgt1)
bull Used for high cost case of $25000
bull Does not include OampM cost savings
NREL | 34
AWT4 Technology Description
Scale controlElectro-catalytic process accelerates scale formation in the reactorsScale is easily removed from reactors
Expected Performancebull Blowdown water (and sewer) savings of 25-95 (CoC 30 or more)bull Elimination of chemicalsbull Energy savings ndash depending on the amount of scale in the baseline case
Corrosion controlMaintains balanced pH and mineral content to minimize corrosion
Biological Growth controlForms HOCl and Cl2 from the chlorides in the water for biocides
Dynamic Water Technologies amp Universal Environmental Technologiesbull Chemical free electrolysis
UET reactor skid
NREL | 35
AWT 4 Facility Description
Test site 1bull 240000 ft2 federal office building Savannah GAbull 2 250-ton chillers and 2 cooling towersbull 1 UET reactor skidbull Test period June ndash October 2017
Test site 2bull 530000 ft2 office building Los Angeles CAbull 2 800-ton and 2-500 ton chillers and 4 cooling towersbull 2 UET reactor skidsbull Test period June ndash October 2018 (ongoing)
NREL | 36
AWT 4 Water Savings and Water Quality
Water Savings bull Measured CoC gt 30bull Measured 98 reduction in
blowdownbull gt 1 million gal saved annually
Water Qualitybull No measured reduction in scaling bull Noticeable reduction in biological
growth and cleaning requirementsbull Observational improvements in
water qualitybull DWT maintains a high conductivity
setting (6000)
Scale removal from reactor cores
NREL | 37
AWT 4 Test Site 1 Results
Economic ParameterLocal Water
Rate $664kGal
GSA Avg Water Rate $1676kGal
Initial Cost ($) $59369 $59369 Cooling Tower Size (tons) 500 500Water Savings (Galyr) 1003300 1003300Water and Sewer Cost Savings ($yr) $6662 $16816 Annual Increase in OampM ($yr) ($720) ($720) Simple Payback with OampM (yrs) 10 37Savings to Investment Ratio 20 54
bull Installed costs higher than normal due to tech demo costs and Fed Gov added factors
bull Revised cost used in analysis
bull OampM costs increased slightly with annual service contract
NREL | 38
AWT4 Test Site 2 Results
bull Baseline period completebull DWT-UET system start up on 792018bull Expected testing through October 2018
Questions
michaelderunrelgov
jessedeannrelgov
Thank You
- Slide Number 1
- Cooling Tower Water Management Best Practices
- HVAC Research Team Call
- Cooling Tower Basics
- Balancing Cooling Tower Water Quality
- Cooling Tower Cycles of Concentration
- Corrosion vs Scale
- Genetic Biological Sampling
- Technology Testing Programs
- Emerging Technology Framework
- GSA Green Proving Ground Objectives
- Communicating MampV Outcomes from GSA Test Beds
- Technologies Tested by GPG with Published Results
- General AWT MampV Framework
- GSA Required Cooling Tower Water Quality
- AWT 1 Technology Description
- AWT 1 Facility Description
- AWT 1 Water Savings and Water Quality
- AWT 1 Economics
- AWT 2 Technology Description
- AWT 2 Facility Description
- AWT 2 Water Savings and Water Quality
- AWT 2 Economics
- Additional AWT 1 and 2 Deployments
- AWT 3 Technology Description
- AWT 3 Facility Description
- AWT 3 Performance Objectives
- AWT Regression Modeling
- AWT 3 Water Savings and Water Quality
- AWT 3 Economics
- AWT 3 Energy Modeling
- AWT 3 Energy Modeling
- AWT 3 Energy Modeling
- AWT4 Technology Description
- AWT 4 Facility Description
- AWT 4 Water Savings and Water Quality
- AWT 4 Test Site 1 Results
- AWT4 Test Site 2 Results
- Questions
- Thank You
-
NREL | 22
AWT 2 Water Savings and Water Quality
Water Savings bull Measured CoC ranged from 12-80bull Measured 99 reduction in blowdown
Water Qualitybull Realized significant reduction in OampMbull Increased run time of tower free coolingbull Observational improvements in water qualitybull Conductivity (microsiemens) Control range
lt2400 maintained = 8700 - 20000 (300 -800 outside range)
bull pH value Control range = 73ndash90 maintained = 96ndash102 (up to 13 outside range)
bull ldquoMrdquo Alkalinity (as CaCO3) Control range = 100ndash1000 ppm maintained = 1680 ndash 3004 (68 - 300 outside range)
Month 2012 2013Jan 5497 8830Feb 13421 6491Mar 3830 7836Apr 21667 18275May 25117 26930Jun 50585 40409Jul 73187 76667
Aug 62193 82485Sep 48304 73088Oct 35643 59251Nov 15175 26608Dec 12018 8830
Totals 366637 435702
Monthly Water Savings
NREL | 23
AWT 2 Economics
bull Installed costs higher than normal due to Fed Gov added factors and side stream filtration
bull OampM costs decreased due to reduce chemical usage staff time
bull Local rebates would have offset ~50 of installed cost if Fed Center was not on one master water meter
Economic Parameter
Building 25 (AWT 1) at Local Water
Rate $714kGal
Building 25 (AWT 1) at
GSA Avg Water Rate $1676kGal
Initial Cost ($) $29600 $29600 Cooling Tower Size (tons) 1500 1500Water Savings (Galyr) 401170 401170Water and Sewer Cost Savings ($yr) $2864 $6724
Annual Increase in OampM ($yr) ($2768) ($2768)Simple Payback with OampM (yrs) 53 31Savings to Investment Ratio 38 65
NREL | 24
Additional AWT 1 and 2 Deployments
Denver Federal Center Facility
AWT System Date Installed
Cooling Tower
Size (Tons)
Installed Cost ($)
Annual Water
Savings (Galyr)
Annual Water
Savings ($)
Annual Increas
e in OampM ($yr)
Total Annual
Cost Savings ($yr)
Simple Payback
(yrs)
Bldg20 AWT Technology 1 Nov-16 600 $31057 718597 $5131 ($2768
) $7899 39
Bldg41 AWT Technology 1 Jan-17 1000 $36976 180992
1 $12923 ($2768)
$15691 24
Bldg 85 AWT Technology 2 Jan-14 500 $8756 62450 $446 $1000 ($554) -158
Bldg56 AWT Technology 2 Jan-15 1000 $28557 661160 $4721 $2200 $2521 113
Bldg 810 AWT Technology 2 Jun-14 2 x 500 $31047 113145
0 $8079 $3300 $4779 65
Bldg810 USDA
AWT Technology 2 Mar-16 3 x 500 $31047 104800
0 $7483 $3300 $4183 74
NREL | 25
AWT 3 Technology Description
Silverbulletbull Uses a combination of ozone (O3)
hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) andor UV lights to generate highly reactive hydroxyl (OHbull) and oxygen free radicals
bull Air tube is ran into cooling tower basin and pumps AOP treated air into cooling tower basin
bull Elimination of scale inhibitor corrosion inhibitor potential elimination of biocide
Silver Bullet Interior Cabinet
Manufacturer Reference httpwwwsilverbulletcorpcomcommercial-cooling
NREL | 26
AWT 3 Facility Description
Building Locationbull Denver Federal Centerbull Building 95
Building Factsbull 163206 ft2 two-story bull Office laboratory building
Cooling Systembull (2) 250-ton water-cooled centrifugal
chillers bull (2) induced draft cooling tower
Silver Bullet Interior Cabinet
NREL | 27
AWT 3 Performance Objectives
Quantitative Objectives
Success Criteria Metrics amp Data MampV Results
Water Savingsgt10 reduction in cooling tower water makeup (galton-hr)
- Cooling tower makeup water- Chiller plant energy usage- Outside air conditions
Met Annual water savings 227 to 297
Reduction in Chemical Costs
gt90 reduction in annual chemical costs
-Pre- and post- annual chemical costs
Met Elimination of all chemicals other than biocides
Water ChemistryMeets or exceeds GSA cooling tower water chemistry requirements
- Pre- and post- water chemistry reports
Met GSA water chemistry requirements
Cost EffectivenessSimple payback Savings to Investment ratio (SIR)
- Payback lt 10 years SIRgt 1Met SPP of 34 yrs SIR of 6
Qualitative Objectives
Success Criteria Metrics amp Data MampV Results
Ease of Installation
Less than 2-day installation time
Labor hours to install technology
Met Less than 1 day to install
NREL | 28
AWT Regression Modeling
Baseline Daily Cooling Tower Makeup Water Regression
119862119862119862119862119862119862119862119862119862119862119862119862119862119862 119879119879119862119862119879119879119879119879119879119879 119872119872119872119872119872119872119879119879119872119872119872119872 119882119882119872119872119882119882119879119879119879119879= 1198881198880 + 1198881198881 119882119882119882119882119882119882_119882119882119882119882119882119882119882119882 + 1198881198882 119862119862119862119862119862119862119879119879119879119879119862119862119862119862 + 1198881198883 119862119862119882119882119879119879119879119879119872119872119862119862119862119862119862119862119882119882+ 1198881198884 1198621198621198621198621198621198621198791198791198791198791198621198621198621198622 + 1198881198885 119862119862119862119862119862119862119879119879119879119879119862119862119862119862 119862119862119882119882119879119879119879119879119872119872119862119862119862119862119862119862119882119882
NREL | 29
AWT 3 Water Savings and Water Quality
Water Savings bull Measured CoC ranged from 51-144bull Measured 263 reduction in
makeup water (blowdown not measured)
Water Qualitybull Realized reduction in chiller
condenser tube foulingbull Elimination of scaling corrosion
inhibitor uses small amount of biocide
bull ORP of 194 GSA range gt 300
Month
2017 Cooling Tower
Makeup (GalMon)
2014 Weather
Normalized Baseline
Water (GalMon)
1-Jan 928 01-Feb 15042 183011-Mar 46706 545561-Apr 52254 663501-May 54904 1075431-Jun 282322 3754191-Jul 398206 506684
1-Aug 298039 4451161-Sep 190375 2757491-Oct 61146 1086231-Nov 35554 449301-Dec 40005 0
Totals 1475482 2003273
NREL | 30
AWT 3 Economics
bull Installed costs higher than normal due to Fed Gov added factors and side stream filtration
bull OampM costs decreased due to reduce chemical usage staff time
bull Local rebates would have offset ~50 of installed cost if Fed Center was not on one master water meter
BaselineTested
Technology (After)1
Difference w Local
Sewer+Water Rate
($714kGal)
Difference w GSA Avg Water Rate
$1676kGal(Before)
Installation3 NA $21125 $21125 $21125 Annual Maintenance $5855yr $3333yr $2522yr $2522yr
Annual Water Consumption (Gallonsyr)
2003273 1475482 527791 527791
Annual Water Costs$14303 $10535 $3768 $8846($yr)
Simple Payback yrs 34 19Savings-to-
Investment RatioInteger value between 0
and 10060 108
NREL | 31
AWT 3 Energy Modeling
bull Energy Plus Commercial Building Reference Modelbull Post 1980 construction Large office building
498588 ft2
bull Modeled 3 CoC baseline 10 CoC 15 CoC
NREL | 32
AWT 3 Energy Modeling
bull Modeled water rates for each citybull Water rates vary significantly by city cities with
highest rates had highest savings
NREL | 33
AWT 3 Energy Modeling
bull Calculated SIR per location as a function of water rate (SIRgt1)
bull Used for high cost case of $25000
bull Does not include OampM cost savings
NREL | 34
AWT4 Technology Description
Scale controlElectro-catalytic process accelerates scale formation in the reactorsScale is easily removed from reactors
Expected Performancebull Blowdown water (and sewer) savings of 25-95 (CoC 30 or more)bull Elimination of chemicalsbull Energy savings ndash depending on the amount of scale in the baseline case
Corrosion controlMaintains balanced pH and mineral content to minimize corrosion
Biological Growth controlForms HOCl and Cl2 from the chlorides in the water for biocides
Dynamic Water Technologies amp Universal Environmental Technologiesbull Chemical free electrolysis
UET reactor skid
NREL | 35
AWT 4 Facility Description
Test site 1bull 240000 ft2 federal office building Savannah GAbull 2 250-ton chillers and 2 cooling towersbull 1 UET reactor skidbull Test period June ndash October 2017
Test site 2bull 530000 ft2 office building Los Angeles CAbull 2 800-ton and 2-500 ton chillers and 4 cooling towersbull 2 UET reactor skidsbull Test period June ndash October 2018 (ongoing)
NREL | 36
AWT 4 Water Savings and Water Quality
Water Savings bull Measured CoC gt 30bull Measured 98 reduction in
blowdownbull gt 1 million gal saved annually
Water Qualitybull No measured reduction in scaling bull Noticeable reduction in biological
growth and cleaning requirementsbull Observational improvements in
water qualitybull DWT maintains a high conductivity
setting (6000)
Scale removal from reactor cores
NREL | 37
AWT 4 Test Site 1 Results
Economic ParameterLocal Water
Rate $664kGal
GSA Avg Water Rate $1676kGal
Initial Cost ($) $59369 $59369 Cooling Tower Size (tons) 500 500Water Savings (Galyr) 1003300 1003300Water and Sewer Cost Savings ($yr) $6662 $16816 Annual Increase in OampM ($yr) ($720) ($720) Simple Payback with OampM (yrs) 10 37Savings to Investment Ratio 20 54
bull Installed costs higher than normal due to tech demo costs and Fed Gov added factors
bull Revised cost used in analysis
bull OampM costs increased slightly with annual service contract
NREL | 38
AWT4 Test Site 2 Results
bull Baseline period completebull DWT-UET system start up on 792018bull Expected testing through October 2018
Questions
michaelderunrelgov
jessedeannrelgov
Thank You
- Slide Number 1
- Cooling Tower Water Management Best Practices
- HVAC Research Team Call
- Cooling Tower Basics
- Balancing Cooling Tower Water Quality
- Cooling Tower Cycles of Concentration
- Corrosion vs Scale
- Genetic Biological Sampling
- Technology Testing Programs
- Emerging Technology Framework
- GSA Green Proving Ground Objectives
- Communicating MampV Outcomes from GSA Test Beds
- Technologies Tested by GPG with Published Results
- General AWT MampV Framework
- GSA Required Cooling Tower Water Quality
- AWT 1 Technology Description
- AWT 1 Facility Description
- AWT 1 Water Savings and Water Quality
- AWT 1 Economics
- AWT 2 Technology Description
- AWT 2 Facility Description
- AWT 2 Water Savings and Water Quality
- AWT 2 Economics
- Additional AWT 1 and 2 Deployments
- AWT 3 Technology Description
- AWT 3 Facility Description
- AWT 3 Performance Objectives
- AWT Regression Modeling
- AWT 3 Water Savings and Water Quality
- AWT 3 Economics
- AWT 3 Energy Modeling
- AWT 3 Energy Modeling
- AWT 3 Energy Modeling
- AWT4 Technology Description
- AWT 4 Facility Description
- AWT 4 Water Savings and Water Quality
- AWT 4 Test Site 1 Results
- AWT4 Test Site 2 Results
- Questions
- Thank You
-
NREL | 23
AWT 2 Economics
bull Installed costs higher than normal due to Fed Gov added factors and side stream filtration
bull OampM costs decreased due to reduce chemical usage staff time
bull Local rebates would have offset ~50 of installed cost if Fed Center was not on one master water meter
Economic Parameter
Building 25 (AWT 1) at Local Water
Rate $714kGal
Building 25 (AWT 1) at
GSA Avg Water Rate $1676kGal
Initial Cost ($) $29600 $29600 Cooling Tower Size (tons) 1500 1500Water Savings (Galyr) 401170 401170Water and Sewer Cost Savings ($yr) $2864 $6724
Annual Increase in OampM ($yr) ($2768) ($2768)Simple Payback with OampM (yrs) 53 31Savings to Investment Ratio 38 65
NREL | 24
Additional AWT 1 and 2 Deployments
Denver Federal Center Facility
AWT System Date Installed
Cooling Tower
Size (Tons)
Installed Cost ($)
Annual Water
Savings (Galyr)
Annual Water
Savings ($)
Annual Increas
e in OampM ($yr)
Total Annual
Cost Savings ($yr)
Simple Payback
(yrs)
Bldg20 AWT Technology 1 Nov-16 600 $31057 718597 $5131 ($2768
) $7899 39
Bldg41 AWT Technology 1 Jan-17 1000 $36976 180992
1 $12923 ($2768)
$15691 24
Bldg 85 AWT Technology 2 Jan-14 500 $8756 62450 $446 $1000 ($554) -158
Bldg56 AWT Technology 2 Jan-15 1000 $28557 661160 $4721 $2200 $2521 113
Bldg 810 AWT Technology 2 Jun-14 2 x 500 $31047 113145
0 $8079 $3300 $4779 65
Bldg810 USDA
AWT Technology 2 Mar-16 3 x 500 $31047 104800
0 $7483 $3300 $4183 74
NREL | 25
AWT 3 Technology Description
Silverbulletbull Uses a combination of ozone (O3)
hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) andor UV lights to generate highly reactive hydroxyl (OHbull) and oxygen free radicals
bull Air tube is ran into cooling tower basin and pumps AOP treated air into cooling tower basin
bull Elimination of scale inhibitor corrosion inhibitor potential elimination of biocide
Silver Bullet Interior Cabinet
Manufacturer Reference httpwwwsilverbulletcorpcomcommercial-cooling
NREL | 26
AWT 3 Facility Description
Building Locationbull Denver Federal Centerbull Building 95
Building Factsbull 163206 ft2 two-story bull Office laboratory building
Cooling Systembull (2) 250-ton water-cooled centrifugal
chillers bull (2) induced draft cooling tower
Silver Bullet Interior Cabinet
NREL | 27
AWT 3 Performance Objectives
Quantitative Objectives
Success Criteria Metrics amp Data MampV Results
Water Savingsgt10 reduction in cooling tower water makeup (galton-hr)
- Cooling tower makeup water- Chiller plant energy usage- Outside air conditions
Met Annual water savings 227 to 297
Reduction in Chemical Costs
gt90 reduction in annual chemical costs
-Pre- and post- annual chemical costs
Met Elimination of all chemicals other than biocides
Water ChemistryMeets or exceeds GSA cooling tower water chemistry requirements
- Pre- and post- water chemistry reports
Met GSA water chemistry requirements
Cost EffectivenessSimple payback Savings to Investment ratio (SIR)
- Payback lt 10 years SIRgt 1Met SPP of 34 yrs SIR of 6
Qualitative Objectives
Success Criteria Metrics amp Data MampV Results
Ease of Installation
Less than 2-day installation time
Labor hours to install technology
Met Less than 1 day to install
NREL | 28
AWT Regression Modeling
Baseline Daily Cooling Tower Makeup Water Regression
119862119862119862119862119862119862119862119862119862119862119862119862119862119862 119879119879119862119862119879119879119879119879119879119879 119872119872119872119872119872119872119879119879119872119872119872119872 119882119882119872119872119882119882119879119879119879119879= 1198881198880 + 1198881198881 119882119882119882119882119882119882_119882119882119882119882119882119882119882119882 + 1198881198882 119862119862119862119862119862119862119879119879119879119879119862119862119862119862 + 1198881198883 119862119862119882119882119879119879119879119879119872119872119862119862119862119862119862119862119882119882+ 1198881198884 1198621198621198621198621198621198621198791198791198791198791198621198621198621198622 + 1198881198885 119862119862119862119862119862119862119879119879119879119879119862119862119862119862 119862119862119882119882119879119879119879119879119872119872119862119862119862119862119862119862119882119882
NREL | 29
AWT 3 Water Savings and Water Quality
Water Savings bull Measured CoC ranged from 51-144bull Measured 263 reduction in
makeup water (blowdown not measured)
Water Qualitybull Realized reduction in chiller
condenser tube foulingbull Elimination of scaling corrosion
inhibitor uses small amount of biocide
bull ORP of 194 GSA range gt 300
Month
2017 Cooling Tower
Makeup (GalMon)
2014 Weather
Normalized Baseline
Water (GalMon)
1-Jan 928 01-Feb 15042 183011-Mar 46706 545561-Apr 52254 663501-May 54904 1075431-Jun 282322 3754191-Jul 398206 506684
1-Aug 298039 4451161-Sep 190375 2757491-Oct 61146 1086231-Nov 35554 449301-Dec 40005 0
Totals 1475482 2003273
NREL | 30
AWT 3 Economics
bull Installed costs higher than normal due to Fed Gov added factors and side stream filtration
bull OampM costs decreased due to reduce chemical usage staff time
bull Local rebates would have offset ~50 of installed cost if Fed Center was not on one master water meter
BaselineTested
Technology (After)1
Difference w Local
Sewer+Water Rate
($714kGal)
Difference w GSA Avg Water Rate
$1676kGal(Before)
Installation3 NA $21125 $21125 $21125 Annual Maintenance $5855yr $3333yr $2522yr $2522yr
Annual Water Consumption (Gallonsyr)
2003273 1475482 527791 527791
Annual Water Costs$14303 $10535 $3768 $8846($yr)
Simple Payback yrs 34 19Savings-to-
Investment RatioInteger value between 0
and 10060 108
NREL | 31
AWT 3 Energy Modeling
bull Energy Plus Commercial Building Reference Modelbull Post 1980 construction Large office building
498588 ft2
bull Modeled 3 CoC baseline 10 CoC 15 CoC
NREL | 32
AWT 3 Energy Modeling
bull Modeled water rates for each citybull Water rates vary significantly by city cities with
highest rates had highest savings
NREL | 33
AWT 3 Energy Modeling
bull Calculated SIR per location as a function of water rate (SIRgt1)
bull Used for high cost case of $25000
bull Does not include OampM cost savings
NREL | 34
AWT4 Technology Description
Scale controlElectro-catalytic process accelerates scale formation in the reactorsScale is easily removed from reactors
Expected Performancebull Blowdown water (and sewer) savings of 25-95 (CoC 30 or more)bull Elimination of chemicalsbull Energy savings ndash depending on the amount of scale in the baseline case
Corrosion controlMaintains balanced pH and mineral content to minimize corrosion
Biological Growth controlForms HOCl and Cl2 from the chlorides in the water for biocides
Dynamic Water Technologies amp Universal Environmental Technologiesbull Chemical free electrolysis
UET reactor skid
NREL | 35
AWT 4 Facility Description
Test site 1bull 240000 ft2 federal office building Savannah GAbull 2 250-ton chillers and 2 cooling towersbull 1 UET reactor skidbull Test period June ndash October 2017
Test site 2bull 530000 ft2 office building Los Angeles CAbull 2 800-ton and 2-500 ton chillers and 4 cooling towersbull 2 UET reactor skidsbull Test period June ndash October 2018 (ongoing)
NREL | 36
AWT 4 Water Savings and Water Quality
Water Savings bull Measured CoC gt 30bull Measured 98 reduction in
blowdownbull gt 1 million gal saved annually
Water Qualitybull No measured reduction in scaling bull Noticeable reduction in biological
growth and cleaning requirementsbull Observational improvements in
water qualitybull DWT maintains a high conductivity
setting (6000)
Scale removal from reactor cores
NREL | 37
AWT 4 Test Site 1 Results
Economic ParameterLocal Water
Rate $664kGal
GSA Avg Water Rate $1676kGal
Initial Cost ($) $59369 $59369 Cooling Tower Size (tons) 500 500Water Savings (Galyr) 1003300 1003300Water and Sewer Cost Savings ($yr) $6662 $16816 Annual Increase in OampM ($yr) ($720) ($720) Simple Payback with OampM (yrs) 10 37Savings to Investment Ratio 20 54
bull Installed costs higher than normal due to tech demo costs and Fed Gov added factors
bull Revised cost used in analysis
bull OampM costs increased slightly with annual service contract
NREL | 38
AWT4 Test Site 2 Results
bull Baseline period completebull DWT-UET system start up on 792018bull Expected testing through October 2018
Questions
michaelderunrelgov
jessedeannrelgov
Thank You
- Slide Number 1
- Cooling Tower Water Management Best Practices
- HVAC Research Team Call
- Cooling Tower Basics
- Balancing Cooling Tower Water Quality
- Cooling Tower Cycles of Concentration
- Corrosion vs Scale
- Genetic Biological Sampling
- Technology Testing Programs
- Emerging Technology Framework
- GSA Green Proving Ground Objectives
- Communicating MampV Outcomes from GSA Test Beds
- Technologies Tested by GPG with Published Results
- General AWT MampV Framework
- GSA Required Cooling Tower Water Quality
- AWT 1 Technology Description
- AWT 1 Facility Description
- AWT 1 Water Savings and Water Quality
- AWT 1 Economics
- AWT 2 Technology Description
- AWT 2 Facility Description
- AWT 2 Water Savings and Water Quality
- AWT 2 Economics
- Additional AWT 1 and 2 Deployments
- AWT 3 Technology Description
- AWT 3 Facility Description
- AWT 3 Performance Objectives
- AWT Regression Modeling
- AWT 3 Water Savings and Water Quality
- AWT 3 Economics
- AWT 3 Energy Modeling
- AWT 3 Energy Modeling
- AWT 3 Energy Modeling
- AWT4 Technology Description
- AWT 4 Facility Description
- AWT 4 Water Savings and Water Quality
- AWT 4 Test Site 1 Results
- AWT4 Test Site 2 Results
- Questions
- Thank You
-
NREL | 24
Additional AWT 1 and 2 Deployments
Denver Federal Center Facility
AWT System Date Installed
Cooling Tower
Size (Tons)
Installed Cost ($)
Annual Water
Savings (Galyr)
Annual Water
Savings ($)
Annual Increas
e in OampM ($yr)
Total Annual
Cost Savings ($yr)
Simple Payback
(yrs)
Bldg20 AWT Technology 1 Nov-16 600 $31057 718597 $5131 ($2768
) $7899 39
Bldg41 AWT Technology 1 Jan-17 1000 $36976 180992
1 $12923 ($2768)
$15691 24
Bldg 85 AWT Technology 2 Jan-14 500 $8756 62450 $446 $1000 ($554) -158
Bldg56 AWT Technology 2 Jan-15 1000 $28557 661160 $4721 $2200 $2521 113
Bldg 810 AWT Technology 2 Jun-14 2 x 500 $31047 113145
0 $8079 $3300 $4779 65
Bldg810 USDA
AWT Technology 2 Mar-16 3 x 500 $31047 104800
0 $7483 $3300 $4183 74
NREL | 25
AWT 3 Technology Description
Silverbulletbull Uses a combination of ozone (O3)
hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) andor UV lights to generate highly reactive hydroxyl (OHbull) and oxygen free radicals
bull Air tube is ran into cooling tower basin and pumps AOP treated air into cooling tower basin
bull Elimination of scale inhibitor corrosion inhibitor potential elimination of biocide
Silver Bullet Interior Cabinet
Manufacturer Reference httpwwwsilverbulletcorpcomcommercial-cooling
NREL | 26
AWT 3 Facility Description
Building Locationbull Denver Federal Centerbull Building 95
Building Factsbull 163206 ft2 two-story bull Office laboratory building
Cooling Systembull (2) 250-ton water-cooled centrifugal
chillers bull (2) induced draft cooling tower
Silver Bullet Interior Cabinet
NREL | 27
AWT 3 Performance Objectives
Quantitative Objectives
Success Criteria Metrics amp Data MampV Results
Water Savingsgt10 reduction in cooling tower water makeup (galton-hr)
- Cooling tower makeup water- Chiller plant energy usage- Outside air conditions
Met Annual water savings 227 to 297
Reduction in Chemical Costs
gt90 reduction in annual chemical costs
-Pre- and post- annual chemical costs
Met Elimination of all chemicals other than biocides
Water ChemistryMeets or exceeds GSA cooling tower water chemistry requirements
- Pre- and post- water chemistry reports
Met GSA water chemistry requirements
Cost EffectivenessSimple payback Savings to Investment ratio (SIR)
- Payback lt 10 years SIRgt 1Met SPP of 34 yrs SIR of 6
Qualitative Objectives
Success Criteria Metrics amp Data MampV Results
Ease of Installation
Less than 2-day installation time
Labor hours to install technology
Met Less than 1 day to install
NREL | 28
AWT Regression Modeling
Baseline Daily Cooling Tower Makeup Water Regression
119862119862119862119862119862119862119862119862119862119862119862119862119862119862 119879119879119862119862119879119879119879119879119879119879 119872119872119872119872119872119872119879119879119872119872119872119872 119882119882119872119872119882119882119879119879119879119879= 1198881198880 + 1198881198881 119882119882119882119882119882119882_119882119882119882119882119882119882119882119882 + 1198881198882 119862119862119862119862119862119862119879119879119879119879119862119862119862119862 + 1198881198883 119862119862119882119882119879119879119879119879119872119872119862119862119862119862119862119862119882119882+ 1198881198884 1198621198621198621198621198621198621198791198791198791198791198621198621198621198622 + 1198881198885 119862119862119862119862119862119862119879119879119879119879119862119862119862119862 119862119862119882119882119879119879119879119879119872119872119862119862119862119862119862119862119882119882
NREL | 29
AWT 3 Water Savings and Water Quality
Water Savings bull Measured CoC ranged from 51-144bull Measured 263 reduction in
makeup water (blowdown not measured)
Water Qualitybull Realized reduction in chiller
condenser tube foulingbull Elimination of scaling corrosion
inhibitor uses small amount of biocide
bull ORP of 194 GSA range gt 300
Month
2017 Cooling Tower
Makeup (GalMon)
2014 Weather
Normalized Baseline
Water (GalMon)
1-Jan 928 01-Feb 15042 183011-Mar 46706 545561-Apr 52254 663501-May 54904 1075431-Jun 282322 3754191-Jul 398206 506684
1-Aug 298039 4451161-Sep 190375 2757491-Oct 61146 1086231-Nov 35554 449301-Dec 40005 0
Totals 1475482 2003273
NREL | 30
AWT 3 Economics
bull Installed costs higher than normal due to Fed Gov added factors and side stream filtration
bull OampM costs decreased due to reduce chemical usage staff time
bull Local rebates would have offset ~50 of installed cost if Fed Center was not on one master water meter
BaselineTested
Technology (After)1
Difference w Local
Sewer+Water Rate
($714kGal)
Difference w GSA Avg Water Rate
$1676kGal(Before)
Installation3 NA $21125 $21125 $21125 Annual Maintenance $5855yr $3333yr $2522yr $2522yr
Annual Water Consumption (Gallonsyr)
2003273 1475482 527791 527791
Annual Water Costs$14303 $10535 $3768 $8846($yr)
Simple Payback yrs 34 19Savings-to-
Investment RatioInteger value between 0
and 10060 108
NREL | 31
AWT 3 Energy Modeling
bull Energy Plus Commercial Building Reference Modelbull Post 1980 construction Large office building
498588 ft2
bull Modeled 3 CoC baseline 10 CoC 15 CoC
NREL | 32
AWT 3 Energy Modeling
bull Modeled water rates for each citybull Water rates vary significantly by city cities with
highest rates had highest savings
NREL | 33
AWT 3 Energy Modeling
bull Calculated SIR per location as a function of water rate (SIRgt1)
bull Used for high cost case of $25000
bull Does not include OampM cost savings
NREL | 34
AWT4 Technology Description
Scale controlElectro-catalytic process accelerates scale formation in the reactorsScale is easily removed from reactors
Expected Performancebull Blowdown water (and sewer) savings of 25-95 (CoC 30 or more)bull Elimination of chemicalsbull Energy savings ndash depending on the amount of scale in the baseline case
Corrosion controlMaintains balanced pH and mineral content to minimize corrosion
Biological Growth controlForms HOCl and Cl2 from the chlorides in the water for biocides
Dynamic Water Technologies amp Universal Environmental Technologiesbull Chemical free electrolysis
UET reactor skid
NREL | 35
AWT 4 Facility Description
Test site 1bull 240000 ft2 federal office building Savannah GAbull 2 250-ton chillers and 2 cooling towersbull 1 UET reactor skidbull Test period June ndash October 2017
Test site 2bull 530000 ft2 office building Los Angeles CAbull 2 800-ton and 2-500 ton chillers and 4 cooling towersbull 2 UET reactor skidsbull Test period June ndash October 2018 (ongoing)
NREL | 36
AWT 4 Water Savings and Water Quality
Water Savings bull Measured CoC gt 30bull Measured 98 reduction in
blowdownbull gt 1 million gal saved annually
Water Qualitybull No measured reduction in scaling bull Noticeable reduction in biological
growth and cleaning requirementsbull Observational improvements in
water qualitybull DWT maintains a high conductivity
setting (6000)
Scale removal from reactor cores
NREL | 37
AWT 4 Test Site 1 Results
Economic ParameterLocal Water
Rate $664kGal
GSA Avg Water Rate $1676kGal
Initial Cost ($) $59369 $59369 Cooling Tower Size (tons) 500 500Water Savings (Galyr) 1003300 1003300Water and Sewer Cost Savings ($yr) $6662 $16816 Annual Increase in OampM ($yr) ($720) ($720) Simple Payback with OampM (yrs) 10 37Savings to Investment Ratio 20 54
bull Installed costs higher than normal due to tech demo costs and Fed Gov added factors
bull Revised cost used in analysis
bull OampM costs increased slightly with annual service contract
NREL | 38
AWT4 Test Site 2 Results
bull Baseline period completebull DWT-UET system start up on 792018bull Expected testing through October 2018
Questions
michaelderunrelgov
jessedeannrelgov
Thank You
- Slide Number 1
- Cooling Tower Water Management Best Practices
- HVAC Research Team Call
- Cooling Tower Basics
- Balancing Cooling Tower Water Quality
- Cooling Tower Cycles of Concentration
- Corrosion vs Scale
- Genetic Biological Sampling
- Technology Testing Programs
- Emerging Technology Framework
- GSA Green Proving Ground Objectives
- Communicating MampV Outcomes from GSA Test Beds
- Technologies Tested by GPG with Published Results
- General AWT MampV Framework
- GSA Required Cooling Tower Water Quality
- AWT 1 Technology Description
- AWT 1 Facility Description
- AWT 1 Water Savings and Water Quality
- AWT 1 Economics
- AWT 2 Technology Description
- AWT 2 Facility Description
- AWT 2 Water Savings and Water Quality
- AWT 2 Economics
- Additional AWT 1 and 2 Deployments
- AWT 3 Technology Description
- AWT 3 Facility Description
- AWT 3 Performance Objectives
- AWT Regression Modeling
- AWT 3 Water Savings and Water Quality
- AWT 3 Economics
- AWT 3 Energy Modeling
- AWT 3 Energy Modeling
- AWT 3 Energy Modeling
- AWT4 Technology Description
- AWT 4 Facility Description
- AWT 4 Water Savings and Water Quality
- AWT 4 Test Site 1 Results
- AWT4 Test Site 2 Results
- Questions
- Thank You
-
NREL | 25
AWT 3 Technology Description
Silverbulletbull Uses a combination of ozone (O3)
hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) andor UV lights to generate highly reactive hydroxyl (OHbull) and oxygen free radicals
bull Air tube is ran into cooling tower basin and pumps AOP treated air into cooling tower basin
bull Elimination of scale inhibitor corrosion inhibitor potential elimination of biocide
Silver Bullet Interior Cabinet
Manufacturer Reference httpwwwsilverbulletcorpcomcommercial-cooling
NREL | 26
AWT 3 Facility Description
Building Locationbull Denver Federal Centerbull Building 95
Building Factsbull 163206 ft2 two-story bull Office laboratory building
Cooling Systembull (2) 250-ton water-cooled centrifugal
chillers bull (2) induced draft cooling tower
Silver Bullet Interior Cabinet
NREL | 27
AWT 3 Performance Objectives
Quantitative Objectives
Success Criteria Metrics amp Data MampV Results
Water Savingsgt10 reduction in cooling tower water makeup (galton-hr)
- Cooling tower makeup water- Chiller plant energy usage- Outside air conditions
Met Annual water savings 227 to 297
Reduction in Chemical Costs
gt90 reduction in annual chemical costs
-Pre- and post- annual chemical costs
Met Elimination of all chemicals other than biocides
Water ChemistryMeets or exceeds GSA cooling tower water chemistry requirements
- Pre- and post- water chemistry reports
Met GSA water chemistry requirements
Cost EffectivenessSimple payback Savings to Investment ratio (SIR)
- Payback lt 10 years SIRgt 1Met SPP of 34 yrs SIR of 6
Qualitative Objectives
Success Criteria Metrics amp Data MampV Results
Ease of Installation
Less than 2-day installation time
Labor hours to install technology
Met Less than 1 day to install
NREL | 28
AWT Regression Modeling
Baseline Daily Cooling Tower Makeup Water Regression
119862119862119862119862119862119862119862119862119862119862119862119862119862119862 119879119879119862119862119879119879119879119879119879119879 119872119872119872119872119872119872119879119879119872119872119872119872 119882119882119872119872119882119882119879119879119879119879= 1198881198880 + 1198881198881 119882119882119882119882119882119882_119882119882119882119882119882119882119882119882 + 1198881198882 119862119862119862119862119862119862119879119879119879119879119862119862119862119862 + 1198881198883 119862119862119882119882119879119879119879119879119872119872119862119862119862119862119862119862119882119882+ 1198881198884 1198621198621198621198621198621198621198791198791198791198791198621198621198621198622 + 1198881198885 119862119862119862119862119862119862119879119879119879119879119862119862119862119862 119862119862119882119882119879119879119879119879119872119872119862119862119862119862119862119862119882119882
NREL | 29
AWT 3 Water Savings and Water Quality
Water Savings bull Measured CoC ranged from 51-144bull Measured 263 reduction in
makeup water (blowdown not measured)
Water Qualitybull Realized reduction in chiller
condenser tube foulingbull Elimination of scaling corrosion
inhibitor uses small amount of biocide
bull ORP of 194 GSA range gt 300
Month
2017 Cooling Tower
Makeup (GalMon)
2014 Weather
Normalized Baseline
Water (GalMon)
1-Jan 928 01-Feb 15042 183011-Mar 46706 545561-Apr 52254 663501-May 54904 1075431-Jun 282322 3754191-Jul 398206 506684
1-Aug 298039 4451161-Sep 190375 2757491-Oct 61146 1086231-Nov 35554 449301-Dec 40005 0
Totals 1475482 2003273
NREL | 30
AWT 3 Economics
bull Installed costs higher than normal due to Fed Gov added factors and side stream filtration
bull OampM costs decreased due to reduce chemical usage staff time
bull Local rebates would have offset ~50 of installed cost if Fed Center was not on one master water meter
BaselineTested
Technology (After)1
Difference w Local
Sewer+Water Rate
($714kGal)
Difference w GSA Avg Water Rate
$1676kGal(Before)
Installation3 NA $21125 $21125 $21125 Annual Maintenance $5855yr $3333yr $2522yr $2522yr
Annual Water Consumption (Gallonsyr)
2003273 1475482 527791 527791
Annual Water Costs$14303 $10535 $3768 $8846($yr)
Simple Payback yrs 34 19Savings-to-
Investment RatioInteger value between 0
and 10060 108
NREL | 31
AWT 3 Energy Modeling
bull Energy Plus Commercial Building Reference Modelbull Post 1980 construction Large office building
498588 ft2
bull Modeled 3 CoC baseline 10 CoC 15 CoC
NREL | 32
AWT 3 Energy Modeling
bull Modeled water rates for each citybull Water rates vary significantly by city cities with
highest rates had highest savings
NREL | 33
AWT 3 Energy Modeling
bull Calculated SIR per location as a function of water rate (SIRgt1)
bull Used for high cost case of $25000
bull Does not include OampM cost savings
NREL | 34
AWT4 Technology Description
Scale controlElectro-catalytic process accelerates scale formation in the reactorsScale is easily removed from reactors
Expected Performancebull Blowdown water (and sewer) savings of 25-95 (CoC 30 or more)bull Elimination of chemicalsbull Energy savings ndash depending on the amount of scale in the baseline case
Corrosion controlMaintains balanced pH and mineral content to minimize corrosion
Biological Growth controlForms HOCl and Cl2 from the chlorides in the water for biocides
Dynamic Water Technologies amp Universal Environmental Technologiesbull Chemical free electrolysis
UET reactor skid
NREL | 35
AWT 4 Facility Description
Test site 1bull 240000 ft2 federal office building Savannah GAbull 2 250-ton chillers and 2 cooling towersbull 1 UET reactor skidbull Test period June ndash October 2017
Test site 2bull 530000 ft2 office building Los Angeles CAbull 2 800-ton and 2-500 ton chillers and 4 cooling towersbull 2 UET reactor skidsbull Test period June ndash October 2018 (ongoing)
NREL | 36
AWT 4 Water Savings and Water Quality
Water Savings bull Measured CoC gt 30bull Measured 98 reduction in
blowdownbull gt 1 million gal saved annually
Water Qualitybull No measured reduction in scaling bull Noticeable reduction in biological
growth and cleaning requirementsbull Observational improvements in
water qualitybull DWT maintains a high conductivity
setting (6000)
Scale removal from reactor cores
NREL | 37
AWT 4 Test Site 1 Results
Economic ParameterLocal Water
Rate $664kGal
GSA Avg Water Rate $1676kGal
Initial Cost ($) $59369 $59369 Cooling Tower Size (tons) 500 500Water Savings (Galyr) 1003300 1003300Water and Sewer Cost Savings ($yr) $6662 $16816 Annual Increase in OampM ($yr) ($720) ($720) Simple Payback with OampM (yrs) 10 37Savings to Investment Ratio 20 54
bull Installed costs higher than normal due to tech demo costs and Fed Gov added factors
bull Revised cost used in analysis
bull OampM costs increased slightly with annual service contract
NREL | 38
AWT4 Test Site 2 Results
bull Baseline period completebull DWT-UET system start up on 792018bull Expected testing through October 2018
Questions
michaelderunrelgov
jessedeannrelgov
Thank You
- Slide Number 1
- Cooling Tower Water Management Best Practices
- HVAC Research Team Call
- Cooling Tower Basics
- Balancing Cooling Tower Water Quality
- Cooling Tower Cycles of Concentration
- Corrosion vs Scale
- Genetic Biological Sampling
- Technology Testing Programs
- Emerging Technology Framework
- GSA Green Proving Ground Objectives
- Communicating MampV Outcomes from GSA Test Beds
- Technologies Tested by GPG with Published Results
- General AWT MampV Framework
- GSA Required Cooling Tower Water Quality
- AWT 1 Technology Description
- AWT 1 Facility Description
- AWT 1 Water Savings and Water Quality
- AWT 1 Economics
- AWT 2 Technology Description
- AWT 2 Facility Description
- AWT 2 Water Savings and Water Quality
- AWT 2 Economics
- Additional AWT 1 and 2 Deployments
- AWT 3 Technology Description
- AWT 3 Facility Description
- AWT 3 Performance Objectives
- AWT Regression Modeling
- AWT 3 Water Savings and Water Quality
- AWT 3 Economics
- AWT 3 Energy Modeling
- AWT 3 Energy Modeling
- AWT 3 Energy Modeling
- AWT4 Technology Description
- AWT 4 Facility Description
- AWT 4 Water Savings and Water Quality
- AWT 4 Test Site 1 Results
- AWT4 Test Site 2 Results
- Questions
- Thank You
-
NREL | 26
AWT 3 Facility Description
Building Locationbull Denver Federal Centerbull Building 95
Building Factsbull 163206 ft2 two-story bull Office laboratory building
Cooling Systembull (2) 250-ton water-cooled centrifugal
chillers bull (2) induced draft cooling tower
Silver Bullet Interior Cabinet
NREL | 27
AWT 3 Performance Objectives
Quantitative Objectives
Success Criteria Metrics amp Data MampV Results
Water Savingsgt10 reduction in cooling tower water makeup (galton-hr)
- Cooling tower makeup water- Chiller plant energy usage- Outside air conditions
Met Annual water savings 227 to 297
Reduction in Chemical Costs
gt90 reduction in annual chemical costs
-Pre- and post- annual chemical costs
Met Elimination of all chemicals other than biocides
Water ChemistryMeets or exceeds GSA cooling tower water chemistry requirements
- Pre- and post- water chemistry reports
Met GSA water chemistry requirements
Cost EffectivenessSimple payback Savings to Investment ratio (SIR)
- Payback lt 10 years SIRgt 1Met SPP of 34 yrs SIR of 6
Qualitative Objectives
Success Criteria Metrics amp Data MampV Results
Ease of Installation
Less than 2-day installation time
Labor hours to install technology
Met Less than 1 day to install
NREL | 28
AWT Regression Modeling
Baseline Daily Cooling Tower Makeup Water Regression
119862119862119862119862119862119862119862119862119862119862119862119862119862119862 119879119879119862119862119879119879119879119879119879119879 119872119872119872119872119872119872119879119879119872119872119872119872 119882119882119872119872119882119882119879119879119879119879= 1198881198880 + 1198881198881 119882119882119882119882119882119882_119882119882119882119882119882119882119882119882 + 1198881198882 119862119862119862119862119862119862119879119879119879119879119862119862119862119862 + 1198881198883 119862119862119882119882119879119879119879119879119872119872119862119862119862119862119862119862119882119882+ 1198881198884 1198621198621198621198621198621198621198791198791198791198791198621198621198621198622 + 1198881198885 119862119862119862119862119862119862119879119879119879119879119862119862119862119862 119862119862119882119882119879119879119879119879119872119872119862119862119862119862119862119862119882119882
NREL | 29
AWT 3 Water Savings and Water Quality
Water Savings bull Measured CoC ranged from 51-144bull Measured 263 reduction in
makeup water (blowdown not measured)
Water Qualitybull Realized reduction in chiller
condenser tube foulingbull Elimination of scaling corrosion
inhibitor uses small amount of biocide
bull ORP of 194 GSA range gt 300
Month
2017 Cooling Tower
Makeup (GalMon)
2014 Weather
Normalized Baseline
Water (GalMon)
1-Jan 928 01-Feb 15042 183011-Mar 46706 545561-Apr 52254 663501-May 54904 1075431-Jun 282322 3754191-Jul 398206 506684
1-Aug 298039 4451161-Sep 190375 2757491-Oct 61146 1086231-Nov 35554 449301-Dec 40005 0
Totals 1475482 2003273
NREL | 30
AWT 3 Economics
bull Installed costs higher than normal due to Fed Gov added factors and side stream filtration
bull OampM costs decreased due to reduce chemical usage staff time
bull Local rebates would have offset ~50 of installed cost if Fed Center was not on one master water meter
BaselineTested
Technology (After)1
Difference w Local
Sewer+Water Rate
($714kGal)
Difference w GSA Avg Water Rate
$1676kGal(Before)
Installation3 NA $21125 $21125 $21125 Annual Maintenance $5855yr $3333yr $2522yr $2522yr
Annual Water Consumption (Gallonsyr)
2003273 1475482 527791 527791
Annual Water Costs$14303 $10535 $3768 $8846($yr)
Simple Payback yrs 34 19Savings-to-
Investment RatioInteger value between 0
and 10060 108
NREL | 31
AWT 3 Energy Modeling
bull Energy Plus Commercial Building Reference Modelbull Post 1980 construction Large office building
498588 ft2
bull Modeled 3 CoC baseline 10 CoC 15 CoC
NREL | 32
AWT 3 Energy Modeling
bull Modeled water rates for each citybull Water rates vary significantly by city cities with
highest rates had highest savings
NREL | 33
AWT 3 Energy Modeling
bull Calculated SIR per location as a function of water rate (SIRgt1)
bull Used for high cost case of $25000
bull Does not include OampM cost savings
NREL | 34
AWT4 Technology Description
Scale controlElectro-catalytic process accelerates scale formation in the reactorsScale is easily removed from reactors
Expected Performancebull Blowdown water (and sewer) savings of 25-95 (CoC 30 or more)bull Elimination of chemicalsbull Energy savings ndash depending on the amount of scale in the baseline case
Corrosion controlMaintains balanced pH and mineral content to minimize corrosion
Biological Growth controlForms HOCl and Cl2 from the chlorides in the water for biocides
Dynamic Water Technologies amp Universal Environmental Technologiesbull Chemical free electrolysis
UET reactor skid
NREL | 35
AWT 4 Facility Description
Test site 1bull 240000 ft2 federal office building Savannah GAbull 2 250-ton chillers and 2 cooling towersbull 1 UET reactor skidbull Test period June ndash October 2017
Test site 2bull 530000 ft2 office building Los Angeles CAbull 2 800-ton and 2-500 ton chillers and 4 cooling towersbull 2 UET reactor skidsbull Test period June ndash October 2018 (ongoing)
NREL | 36
AWT 4 Water Savings and Water Quality
Water Savings bull Measured CoC gt 30bull Measured 98 reduction in
blowdownbull gt 1 million gal saved annually
Water Qualitybull No measured reduction in scaling bull Noticeable reduction in biological
growth and cleaning requirementsbull Observational improvements in
water qualitybull DWT maintains a high conductivity
setting (6000)
Scale removal from reactor cores
NREL | 37
AWT 4 Test Site 1 Results
Economic ParameterLocal Water
Rate $664kGal
GSA Avg Water Rate $1676kGal
Initial Cost ($) $59369 $59369 Cooling Tower Size (tons) 500 500Water Savings (Galyr) 1003300 1003300Water and Sewer Cost Savings ($yr) $6662 $16816 Annual Increase in OampM ($yr) ($720) ($720) Simple Payback with OampM (yrs) 10 37Savings to Investment Ratio 20 54
bull Installed costs higher than normal due to tech demo costs and Fed Gov added factors
bull Revised cost used in analysis
bull OampM costs increased slightly with annual service contract
NREL | 38
AWT4 Test Site 2 Results
bull Baseline period completebull DWT-UET system start up on 792018bull Expected testing through October 2018
Questions
michaelderunrelgov
jessedeannrelgov
Thank You
- Slide Number 1
- Cooling Tower Water Management Best Practices
- HVAC Research Team Call
- Cooling Tower Basics
- Balancing Cooling Tower Water Quality
- Cooling Tower Cycles of Concentration
- Corrosion vs Scale
- Genetic Biological Sampling
- Technology Testing Programs
- Emerging Technology Framework
- GSA Green Proving Ground Objectives
- Communicating MampV Outcomes from GSA Test Beds
- Technologies Tested by GPG with Published Results
- General AWT MampV Framework
- GSA Required Cooling Tower Water Quality
- AWT 1 Technology Description
- AWT 1 Facility Description
- AWT 1 Water Savings and Water Quality
- AWT 1 Economics
- AWT 2 Technology Description
- AWT 2 Facility Description
- AWT 2 Water Savings and Water Quality
- AWT 2 Economics
- Additional AWT 1 and 2 Deployments
- AWT 3 Technology Description
- AWT 3 Facility Description
- AWT 3 Performance Objectives
- AWT Regression Modeling
- AWT 3 Water Savings and Water Quality
- AWT 3 Economics
- AWT 3 Energy Modeling
- AWT 3 Energy Modeling
- AWT 3 Energy Modeling
- AWT4 Technology Description
- AWT 4 Facility Description
- AWT 4 Water Savings and Water Quality
- AWT 4 Test Site 1 Results
- AWT4 Test Site 2 Results
- Questions
- Thank You
-
NREL | 27
AWT 3 Performance Objectives
Quantitative Objectives
Success Criteria Metrics amp Data MampV Results
Water Savingsgt10 reduction in cooling tower water makeup (galton-hr)
- Cooling tower makeup water- Chiller plant energy usage- Outside air conditions
Met Annual water savings 227 to 297
Reduction in Chemical Costs
gt90 reduction in annual chemical costs
-Pre- and post- annual chemical costs
Met Elimination of all chemicals other than biocides
Water ChemistryMeets or exceeds GSA cooling tower water chemistry requirements
- Pre- and post- water chemistry reports
Met GSA water chemistry requirements
Cost EffectivenessSimple payback Savings to Investment ratio (SIR)
- Payback lt 10 years SIRgt 1Met SPP of 34 yrs SIR of 6
Qualitative Objectives
Success Criteria Metrics amp Data MampV Results
Ease of Installation
Less than 2-day installation time
Labor hours to install technology
Met Less than 1 day to install
NREL | 28
AWT Regression Modeling
Baseline Daily Cooling Tower Makeup Water Regression
119862119862119862119862119862119862119862119862119862119862119862119862119862119862 119879119879119862119862119879119879119879119879119879119879 119872119872119872119872119872119872119879119879119872119872119872119872 119882119882119872119872119882119882119879119879119879119879= 1198881198880 + 1198881198881 119882119882119882119882119882119882_119882119882119882119882119882119882119882119882 + 1198881198882 119862119862119862119862119862119862119879119879119879119879119862119862119862119862 + 1198881198883 119862119862119882119882119879119879119879119879119872119872119862119862119862119862119862119862119882119882+ 1198881198884 1198621198621198621198621198621198621198791198791198791198791198621198621198621198622 + 1198881198885 119862119862119862119862119862119862119879119879119879119879119862119862119862119862 119862119862119882119882119879119879119879119879119872119872119862119862119862119862119862119862119882119882
NREL | 29
AWT 3 Water Savings and Water Quality
Water Savings bull Measured CoC ranged from 51-144bull Measured 263 reduction in
makeup water (blowdown not measured)
Water Qualitybull Realized reduction in chiller
condenser tube foulingbull Elimination of scaling corrosion
inhibitor uses small amount of biocide
bull ORP of 194 GSA range gt 300
Month
2017 Cooling Tower
Makeup (GalMon)
2014 Weather
Normalized Baseline
Water (GalMon)
1-Jan 928 01-Feb 15042 183011-Mar 46706 545561-Apr 52254 663501-May 54904 1075431-Jun 282322 3754191-Jul 398206 506684
1-Aug 298039 4451161-Sep 190375 2757491-Oct 61146 1086231-Nov 35554 449301-Dec 40005 0
Totals 1475482 2003273
NREL | 30
AWT 3 Economics
bull Installed costs higher than normal due to Fed Gov added factors and side stream filtration
bull OampM costs decreased due to reduce chemical usage staff time
bull Local rebates would have offset ~50 of installed cost if Fed Center was not on one master water meter
BaselineTested
Technology (After)1
Difference w Local
Sewer+Water Rate
($714kGal)
Difference w GSA Avg Water Rate
$1676kGal(Before)
Installation3 NA $21125 $21125 $21125 Annual Maintenance $5855yr $3333yr $2522yr $2522yr
Annual Water Consumption (Gallonsyr)
2003273 1475482 527791 527791
Annual Water Costs$14303 $10535 $3768 $8846($yr)
Simple Payback yrs 34 19Savings-to-
Investment RatioInteger value between 0
and 10060 108
NREL | 31
AWT 3 Energy Modeling
bull Energy Plus Commercial Building Reference Modelbull Post 1980 construction Large office building
498588 ft2
bull Modeled 3 CoC baseline 10 CoC 15 CoC
NREL | 32
AWT 3 Energy Modeling
bull Modeled water rates for each citybull Water rates vary significantly by city cities with
highest rates had highest savings
NREL | 33
AWT 3 Energy Modeling
bull Calculated SIR per location as a function of water rate (SIRgt1)
bull Used for high cost case of $25000
bull Does not include OampM cost savings
NREL | 34
AWT4 Technology Description
Scale controlElectro-catalytic process accelerates scale formation in the reactorsScale is easily removed from reactors
Expected Performancebull Blowdown water (and sewer) savings of 25-95 (CoC 30 or more)bull Elimination of chemicalsbull Energy savings ndash depending on the amount of scale in the baseline case
Corrosion controlMaintains balanced pH and mineral content to minimize corrosion
Biological Growth controlForms HOCl and Cl2 from the chlorides in the water for biocides
Dynamic Water Technologies amp Universal Environmental Technologiesbull Chemical free electrolysis
UET reactor skid
NREL | 35
AWT 4 Facility Description
Test site 1bull 240000 ft2 federal office building Savannah GAbull 2 250-ton chillers and 2 cooling towersbull 1 UET reactor skidbull Test period June ndash October 2017
Test site 2bull 530000 ft2 office building Los Angeles CAbull 2 800-ton and 2-500 ton chillers and 4 cooling towersbull 2 UET reactor skidsbull Test period June ndash October 2018 (ongoing)
NREL | 36
AWT 4 Water Savings and Water Quality
Water Savings bull Measured CoC gt 30bull Measured 98 reduction in
blowdownbull gt 1 million gal saved annually
Water Qualitybull No measured reduction in scaling bull Noticeable reduction in biological
growth and cleaning requirementsbull Observational improvements in
water qualitybull DWT maintains a high conductivity
setting (6000)
Scale removal from reactor cores
NREL | 37
AWT 4 Test Site 1 Results
Economic ParameterLocal Water
Rate $664kGal
GSA Avg Water Rate $1676kGal
Initial Cost ($) $59369 $59369 Cooling Tower Size (tons) 500 500Water Savings (Galyr) 1003300 1003300Water and Sewer Cost Savings ($yr) $6662 $16816 Annual Increase in OampM ($yr) ($720) ($720) Simple Payback with OampM (yrs) 10 37Savings to Investment Ratio 20 54
bull Installed costs higher than normal due to tech demo costs and Fed Gov added factors
bull Revised cost used in analysis
bull OampM costs increased slightly with annual service contract
NREL | 38
AWT4 Test Site 2 Results
bull Baseline period completebull DWT-UET system start up on 792018bull Expected testing through October 2018
Questions
michaelderunrelgov
jessedeannrelgov
Thank You
- Slide Number 1
- Cooling Tower Water Management Best Practices
- HVAC Research Team Call
- Cooling Tower Basics
- Balancing Cooling Tower Water Quality
- Cooling Tower Cycles of Concentration
- Corrosion vs Scale
- Genetic Biological Sampling
- Technology Testing Programs
- Emerging Technology Framework
- GSA Green Proving Ground Objectives
- Communicating MampV Outcomes from GSA Test Beds
- Technologies Tested by GPG with Published Results
- General AWT MampV Framework
- GSA Required Cooling Tower Water Quality
- AWT 1 Technology Description
- AWT 1 Facility Description
- AWT 1 Water Savings and Water Quality
- AWT 1 Economics
- AWT 2 Technology Description
- AWT 2 Facility Description
- AWT 2 Water Savings and Water Quality
- AWT 2 Economics
- Additional AWT 1 and 2 Deployments
- AWT 3 Technology Description
- AWT 3 Facility Description
- AWT 3 Performance Objectives
- AWT Regression Modeling
- AWT 3 Water Savings and Water Quality
- AWT 3 Economics
- AWT 3 Energy Modeling
- AWT 3 Energy Modeling
- AWT 3 Energy Modeling
- AWT4 Technology Description
- AWT 4 Facility Description
- AWT 4 Water Savings and Water Quality
- AWT 4 Test Site 1 Results
- AWT4 Test Site 2 Results
- Questions
- Thank You
-
NREL | 28
AWT Regression Modeling
Baseline Daily Cooling Tower Makeup Water Regression
119862119862119862119862119862119862119862119862119862119862119862119862119862119862 119879119879119862119862119879119879119879119879119879119879 119872119872119872119872119872119872119879119879119872119872119872119872 119882119882119872119872119882119882119879119879119879119879= 1198881198880 + 1198881198881 119882119882119882119882119882119882_119882119882119882119882119882119882119882119882 + 1198881198882 119862119862119862119862119862119862119879119879119879119879119862119862119862119862 + 1198881198883 119862119862119882119882119879119879119879119879119872119872119862119862119862119862119862119862119882119882+ 1198881198884 1198621198621198621198621198621198621198791198791198791198791198621198621198621198622 + 1198881198885 119862119862119862119862119862119862119879119879119879119879119862119862119862119862 119862119862119882119882119879119879119879119879119872119872119862119862119862119862119862119862119882119882
NREL | 29
AWT 3 Water Savings and Water Quality
Water Savings bull Measured CoC ranged from 51-144bull Measured 263 reduction in
makeup water (blowdown not measured)
Water Qualitybull Realized reduction in chiller
condenser tube foulingbull Elimination of scaling corrosion
inhibitor uses small amount of biocide
bull ORP of 194 GSA range gt 300
Month
2017 Cooling Tower
Makeup (GalMon)
2014 Weather
Normalized Baseline
Water (GalMon)
1-Jan 928 01-Feb 15042 183011-Mar 46706 545561-Apr 52254 663501-May 54904 1075431-Jun 282322 3754191-Jul 398206 506684
1-Aug 298039 4451161-Sep 190375 2757491-Oct 61146 1086231-Nov 35554 449301-Dec 40005 0
Totals 1475482 2003273
NREL | 30
AWT 3 Economics
bull Installed costs higher than normal due to Fed Gov added factors and side stream filtration
bull OampM costs decreased due to reduce chemical usage staff time
bull Local rebates would have offset ~50 of installed cost if Fed Center was not on one master water meter
BaselineTested
Technology (After)1
Difference w Local
Sewer+Water Rate
($714kGal)
Difference w GSA Avg Water Rate
$1676kGal(Before)
Installation3 NA $21125 $21125 $21125 Annual Maintenance $5855yr $3333yr $2522yr $2522yr
Annual Water Consumption (Gallonsyr)
2003273 1475482 527791 527791
Annual Water Costs$14303 $10535 $3768 $8846($yr)
Simple Payback yrs 34 19Savings-to-
Investment RatioInteger value between 0
and 10060 108
NREL | 31
AWT 3 Energy Modeling
bull Energy Plus Commercial Building Reference Modelbull Post 1980 construction Large office building
498588 ft2
bull Modeled 3 CoC baseline 10 CoC 15 CoC
NREL | 32
AWT 3 Energy Modeling
bull Modeled water rates for each citybull Water rates vary significantly by city cities with
highest rates had highest savings
NREL | 33
AWT 3 Energy Modeling
bull Calculated SIR per location as a function of water rate (SIRgt1)
bull Used for high cost case of $25000
bull Does not include OampM cost savings
NREL | 34
AWT4 Technology Description
Scale controlElectro-catalytic process accelerates scale formation in the reactorsScale is easily removed from reactors
Expected Performancebull Blowdown water (and sewer) savings of 25-95 (CoC 30 or more)bull Elimination of chemicalsbull Energy savings ndash depending on the amount of scale in the baseline case
Corrosion controlMaintains balanced pH and mineral content to minimize corrosion
Biological Growth controlForms HOCl and Cl2 from the chlorides in the water for biocides
Dynamic Water Technologies amp Universal Environmental Technologiesbull Chemical free electrolysis
UET reactor skid
NREL | 35
AWT 4 Facility Description
Test site 1bull 240000 ft2 federal office building Savannah GAbull 2 250-ton chillers and 2 cooling towersbull 1 UET reactor skidbull Test period June ndash October 2017
Test site 2bull 530000 ft2 office building Los Angeles CAbull 2 800-ton and 2-500 ton chillers and 4 cooling towersbull 2 UET reactor skidsbull Test period June ndash October 2018 (ongoing)
NREL | 36
AWT 4 Water Savings and Water Quality
Water Savings bull Measured CoC gt 30bull Measured 98 reduction in
blowdownbull gt 1 million gal saved annually
Water Qualitybull No measured reduction in scaling bull Noticeable reduction in biological
growth and cleaning requirementsbull Observational improvements in
water qualitybull DWT maintains a high conductivity
setting (6000)
Scale removal from reactor cores
NREL | 37
AWT 4 Test Site 1 Results
Economic ParameterLocal Water
Rate $664kGal
GSA Avg Water Rate $1676kGal
Initial Cost ($) $59369 $59369 Cooling Tower Size (tons) 500 500Water Savings (Galyr) 1003300 1003300Water and Sewer Cost Savings ($yr) $6662 $16816 Annual Increase in OampM ($yr) ($720) ($720) Simple Payback with OampM (yrs) 10 37Savings to Investment Ratio 20 54
bull Installed costs higher than normal due to tech demo costs and Fed Gov added factors
bull Revised cost used in analysis
bull OampM costs increased slightly with annual service contract
NREL | 38
AWT4 Test Site 2 Results
bull Baseline period completebull DWT-UET system start up on 792018bull Expected testing through October 2018
Questions
michaelderunrelgov
jessedeannrelgov
Thank You
- Slide Number 1
- Cooling Tower Water Management Best Practices
- HVAC Research Team Call
- Cooling Tower Basics
- Balancing Cooling Tower Water Quality
- Cooling Tower Cycles of Concentration
- Corrosion vs Scale
- Genetic Biological Sampling
- Technology Testing Programs
- Emerging Technology Framework
- GSA Green Proving Ground Objectives
- Communicating MampV Outcomes from GSA Test Beds
- Technologies Tested by GPG with Published Results
- General AWT MampV Framework
- GSA Required Cooling Tower Water Quality
- AWT 1 Technology Description
- AWT 1 Facility Description
- AWT 1 Water Savings and Water Quality
- AWT 1 Economics
- AWT 2 Technology Description
- AWT 2 Facility Description
- AWT 2 Water Savings and Water Quality
- AWT 2 Economics
- Additional AWT 1 and 2 Deployments
- AWT 3 Technology Description
- AWT 3 Facility Description
- AWT 3 Performance Objectives
- AWT Regression Modeling
- AWT 3 Water Savings and Water Quality
- AWT 3 Economics
- AWT 3 Energy Modeling
- AWT 3 Energy Modeling
- AWT 3 Energy Modeling
- AWT4 Technology Description
- AWT 4 Facility Description
- AWT 4 Water Savings and Water Quality
- AWT 4 Test Site 1 Results
- AWT4 Test Site 2 Results
- Questions
- Thank You
-
NREL | 29
AWT 3 Water Savings and Water Quality
Water Savings bull Measured CoC ranged from 51-144bull Measured 263 reduction in
makeup water (blowdown not measured)
Water Qualitybull Realized reduction in chiller
condenser tube foulingbull Elimination of scaling corrosion
inhibitor uses small amount of biocide
bull ORP of 194 GSA range gt 300
Month
2017 Cooling Tower
Makeup (GalMon)
2014 Weather
Normalized Baseline
Water (GalMon)
1-Jan 928 01-Feb 15042 183011-Mar 46706 545561-Apr 52254 663501-May 54904 1075431-Jun 282322 3754191-Jul 398206 506684
1-Aug 298039 4451161-Sep 190375 2757491-Oct 61146 1086231-Nov 35554 449301-Dec 40005 0
Totals 1475482 2003273
NREL | 30
AWT 3 Economics
bull Installed costs higher than normal due to Fed Gov added factors and side stream filtration
bull OampM costs decreased due to reduce chemical usage staff time
bull Local rebates would have offset ~50 of installed cost if Fed Center was not on one master water meter
BaselineTested
Technology (After)1
Difference w Local
Sewer+Water Rate
($714kGal)
Difference w GSA Avg Water Rate
$1676kGal(Before)
Installation3 NA $21125 $21125 $21125 Annual Maintenance $5855yr $3333yr $2522yr $2522yr
Annual Water Consumption (Gallonsyr)
2003273 1475482 527791 527791
Annual Water Costs$14303 $10535 $3768 $8846($yr)
Simple Payback yrs 34 19Savings-to-
Investment RatioInteger value between 0
and 10060 108
NREL | 31
AWT 3 Energy Modeling
bull Energy Plus Commercial Building Reference Modelbull Post 1980 construction Large office building
498588 ft2
bull Modeled 3 CoC baseline 10 CoC 15 CoC
NREL | 32
AWT 3 Energy Modeling
bull Modeled water rates for each citybull Water rates vary significantly by city cities with
highest rates had highest savings
NREL | 33
AWT 3 Energy Modeling
bull Calculated SIR per location as a function of water rate (SIRgt1)
bull Used for high cost case of $25000
bull Does not include OampM cost savings
NREL | 34
AWT4 Technology Description
Scale controlElectro-catalytic process accelerates scale formation in the reactorsScale is easily removed from reactors
Expected Performancebull Blowdown water (and sewer) savings of 25-95 (CoC 30 or more)bull Elimination of chemicalsbull Energy savings ndash depending on the amount of scale in the baseline case
Corrosion controlMaintains balanced pH and mineral content to minimize corrosion
Biological Growth controlForms HOCl and Cl2 from the chlorides in the water for biocides
Dynamic Water Technologies amp Universal Environmental Technologiesbull Chemical free electrolysis
UET reactor skid
NREL | 35
AWT 4 Facility Description
Test site 1bull 240000 ft2 federal office building Savannah GAbull 2 250-ton chillers and 2 cooling towersbull 1 UET reactor skidbull Test period June ndash October 2017
Test site 2bull 530000 ft2 office building Los Angeles CAbull 2 800-ton and 2-500 ton chillers and 4 cooling towersbull 2 UET reactor skidsbull Test period June ndash October 2018 (ongoing)
NREL | 36
AWT 4 Water Savings and Water Quality
Water Savings bull Measured CoC gt 30bull Measured 98 reduction in
blowdownbull gt 1 million gal saved annually
Water Qualitybull No measured reduction in scaling bull Noticeable reduction in biological
growth and cleaning requirementsbull Observational improvements in
water qualitybull DWT maintains a high conductivity
setting (6000)
Scale removal from reactor cores
NREL | 37
AWT 4 Test Site 1 Results
Economic ParameterLocal Water
Rate $664kGal
GSA Avg Water Rate $1676kGal
Initial Cost ($) $59369 $59369 Cooling Tower Size (tons) 500 500Water Savings (Galyr) 1003300 1003300Water and Sewer Cost Savings ($yr) $6662 $16816 Annual Increase in OampM ($yr) ($720) ($720) Simple Payback with OampM (yrs) 10 37Savings to Investment Ratio 20 54
bull Installed costs higher than normal due to tech demo costs and Fed Gov added factors
bull Revised cost used in analysis
bull OampM costs increased slightly with annual service contract
NREL | 38
AWT4 Test Site 2 Results
bull Baseline period completebull DWT-UET system start up on 792018bull Expected testing through October 2018
Questions
michaelderunrelgov
jessedeannrelgov
Thank You
- Slide Number 1
- Cooling Tower Water Management Best Practices
- HVAC Research Team Call
- Cooling Tower Basics
- Balancing Cooling Tower Water Quality
- Cooling Tower Cycles of Concentration
- Corrosion vs Scale
- Genetic Biological Sampling
- Technology Testing Programs
- Emerging Technology Framework
- GSA Green Proving Ground Objectives
- Communicating MampV Outcomes from GSA Test Beds
- Technologies Tested by GPG with Published Results
- General AWT MampV Framework
- GSA Required Cooling Tower Water Quality
- AWT 1 Technology Description
- AWT 1 Facility Description
- AWT 1 Water Savings and Water Quality
- AWT 1 Economics
- AWT 2 Technology Description
- AWT 2 Facility Description
- AWT 2 Water Savings and Water Quality
- AWT 2 Economics
- Additional AWT 1 and 2 Deployments
- AWT 3 Technology Description
- AWT 3 Facility Description
- AWT 3 Performance Objectives
- AWT Regression Modeling
- AWT 3 Water Savings and Water Quality
- AWT 3 Economics
- AWT 3 Energy Modeling
- AWT 3 Energy Modeling
- AWT 3 Energy Modeling
- AWT4 Technology Description
- AWT 4 Facility Description
- AWT 4 Water Savings and Water Quality
- AWT 4 Test Site 1 Results
- AWT4 Test Site 2 Results
- Questions
- Thank You
-
NREL | 30
AWT 3 Economics
bull Installed costs higher than normal due to Fed Gov added factors and side stream filtration
bull OampM costs decreased due to reduce chemical usage staff time
bull Local rebates would have offset ~50 of installed cost if Fed Center was not on one master water meter
BaselineTested
Technology (After)1
Difference w Local
Sewer+Water Rate
($714kGal)
Difference w GSA Avg Water Rate
$1676kGal(Before)
Installation3 NA $21125 $21125 $21125 Annual Maintenance $5855yr $3333yr $2522yr $2522yr
Annual Water Consumption (Gallonsyr)
2003273 1475482 527791 527791
Annual Water Costs$14303 $10535 $3768 $8846($yr)
Simple Payback yrs 34 19Savings-to-
Investment RatioInteger value between 0
and 10060 108
NREL | 31
AWT 3 Energy Modeling
bull Energy Plus Commercial Building Reference Modelbull Post 1980 construction Large office building
498588 ft2
bull Modeled 3 CoC baseline 10 CoC 15 CoC
NREL | 32
AWT 3 Energy Modeling
bull Modeled water rates for each citybull Water rates vary significantly by city cities with
highest rates had highest savings
NREL | 33
AWT 3 Energy Modeling
bull Calculated SIR per location as a function of water rate (SIRgt1)
bull Used for high cost case of $25000
bull Does not include OampM cost savings
NREL | 34
AWT4 Technology Description
Scale controlElectro-catalytic process accelerates scale formation in the reactorsScale is easily removed from reactors
Expected Performancebull Blowdown water (and sewer) savings of 25-95 (CoC 30 or more)bull Elimination of chemicalsbull Energy savings ndash depending on the amount of scale in the baseline case
Corrosion controlMaintains balanced pH and mineral content to minimize corrosion
Biological Growth controlForms HOCl and Cl2 from the chlorides in the water for biocides
Dynamic Water Technologies amp Universal Environmental Technologiesbull Chemical free electrolysis
UET reactor skid
NREL | 35
AWT 4 Facility Description
Test site 1bull 240000 ft2 federal office building Savannah GAbull 2 250-ton chillers and 2 cooling towersbull 1 UET reactor skidbull Test period June ndash October 2017
Test site 2bull 530000 ft2 office building Los Angeles CAbull 2 800-ton and 2-500 ton chillers and 4 cooling towersbull 2 UET reactor skidsbull Test period June ndash October 2018 (ongoing)
NREL | 36
AWT 4 Water Savings and Water Quality
Water Savings bull Measured CoC gt 30bull Measured 98 reduction in
blowdownbull gt 1 million gal saved annually
Water Qualitybull No measured reduction in scaling bull Noticeable reduction in biological
growth and cleaning requirementsbull Observational improvements in
water qualitybull DWT maintains a high conductivity
setting (6000)
Scale removal from reactor cores
NREL | 37
AWT 4 Test Site 1 Results
Economic ParameterLocal Water
Rate $664kGal
GSA Avg Water Rate $1676kGal
Initial Cost ($) $59369 $59369 Cooling Tower Size (tons) 500 500Water Savings (Galyr) 1003300 1003300Water and Sewer Cost Savings ($yr) $6662 $16816 Annual Increase in OampM ($yr) ($720) ($720) Simple Payback with OampM (yrs) 10 37Savings to Investment Ratio 20 54
bull Installed costs higher than normal due to tech demo costs and Fed Gov added factors
bull Revised cost used in analysis
bull OampM costs increased slightly with annual service contract
NREL | 38
AWT4 Test Site 2 Results
bull Baseline period completebull DWT-UET system start up on 792018bull Expected testing through October 2018
Questions
michaelderunrelgov
jessedeannrelgov
Thank You
- Slide Number 1
- Cooling Tower Water Management Best Practices
- HVAC Research Team Call
- Cooling Tower Basics
- Balancing Cooling Tower Water Quality
- Cooling Tower Cycles of Concentration
- Corrosion vs Scale
- Genetic Biological Sampling
- Technology Testing Programs
- Emerging Technology Framework
- GSA Green Proving Ground Objectives
- Communicating MampV Outcomes from GSA Test Beds
- Technologies Tested by GPG with Published Results
- General AWT MampV Framework
- GSA Required Cooling Tower Water Quality
- AWT 1 Technology Description
- AWT 1 Facility Description
- AWT 1 Water Savings and Water Quality
- AWT 1 Economics
- AWT 2 Technology Description
- AWT 2 Facility Description
- AWT 2 Water Savings and Water Quality
- AWT 2 Economics
- Additional AWT 1 and 2 Deployments
- AWT 3 Technology Description
- AWT 3 Facility Description
- AWT 3 Performance Objectives
- AWT Regression Modeling
- AWT 3 Water Savings and Water Quality
- AWT 3 Economics
- AWT 3 Energy Modeling
- AWT 3 Energy Modeling
- AWT 3 Energy Modeling
- AWT4 Technology Description
- AWT 4 Facility Description
- AWT 4 Water Savings and Water Quality
- AWT 4 Test Site 1 Results
- AWT4 Test Site 2 Results
- Questions
- Thank You
-
NREL | 31
AWT 3 Energy Modeling
bull Energy Plus Commercial Building Reference Modelbull Post 1980 construction Large office building
498588 ft2
bull Modeled 3 CoC baseline 10 CoC 15 CoC
NREL | 32
AWT 3 Energy Modeling
bull Modeled water rates for each citybull Water rates vary significantly by city cities with
highest rates had highest savings
NREL | 33
AWT 3 Energy Modeling
bull Calculated SIR per location as a function of water rate (SIRgt1)
bull Used for high cost case of $25000
bull Does not include OampM cost savings
NREL | 34
AWT4 Technology Description
Scale controlElectro-catalytic process accelerates scale formation in the reactorsScale is easily removed from reactors
Expected Performancebull Blowdown water (and sewer) savings of 25-95 (CoC 30 or more)bull Elimination of chemicalsbull Energy savings ndash depending on the amount of scale in the baseline case
Corrosion controlMaintains balanced pH and mineral content to minimize corrosion
Biological Growth controlForms HOCl and Cl2 from the chlorides in the water for biocides
Dynamic Water Technologies amp Universal Environmental Technologiesbull Chemical free electrolysis
UET reactor skid
NREL | 35
AWT 4 Facility Description
Test site 1bull 240000 ft2 federal office building Savannah GAbull 2 250-ton chillers and 2 cooling towersbull 1 UET reactor skidbull Test period June ndash October 2017
Test site 2bull 530000 ft2 office building Los Angeles CAbull 2 800-ton and 2-500 ton chillers and 4 cooling towersbull 2 UET reactor skidsbull Test period June ndash October 2018 (ongoing)
NREL | 36
AWT 4 Water Savings and Water Quality
Water Savings bull Measured CoC gt 30bull Measured 98 reduction in
blowdownbull gt 1 million gal saved annually
Water Qualitybull No measured reduction in scaling bull Noticeable reduction in biological
growth and cleaning requirementsbull Observational improvements in
water qualitybull DWT maintains a high conductivity
setting (6000)
Scale removal from reactor cores
NREL | 37
AWT 4 Test Site 1 Results
Economic ParameterLocal Water
Rate $664kGal
GSA Avg Water Rate $1676kGal
Initial Cost ($) $59369 $59369 Cooling Tower Size (tons) 500 500Water Savings (Galyr) 1003300 1003300Water and Sewer Cost Savings ($yr) $6662 $16816 Annual Increase in OampM ($yr) ($720) ($720) Simple Payback with OampM (yrs) 10 37Savings to Investment Ratio 20 54
bull Installed costs higher than normal due to tech demo costs and Fed Gov added factors
bull Revised cost used in analysis
bull OampM costs increased slightly with annual service contract
NREL | 38
AWT4 Test Site 2 Results
bull Baseline period completebull DWT-UET system start up on 792018bull Expected testing through October 2018
Questions
michaelderunrelgov
jessedeannrelgov
Thank You
- Slide Number 1
- Cooling Tower Water Management Best Practices
- HVAC Research Team Call
- Cooling Tower Basics
- Balancing Cooling Tower Water Quality
- Cooling Tower Cycles of Concentration
- Corrosion vs Scale
- Genetic Biological Sampling
- Technology Testing Programs
- Emerging Technology Framework
- GSA Green Proving Ground Objectives
- Communicating MampV Outcomes from GSA Test Beds
- Technologies Tested by GPG with Published Results
- General AWT MampV Framework
- GSA Required Cooling Tower Water Quality
- AWT 1 Technology Description
- AWT 1 Facility Description
- AWT 1 Water Savings and Water Quality
- AWT 1 Economics
- AWT 2 Technology Description
- AWT 2 Facility Description
- AWT 2 Water Savings and Water Quality
- AWT 2 Economics
- Additional AWT 1 and 2 Deployments
- AWT 3 Technology Description
- AWT 3 Facility Description
- AWT 3 Performance Objectives
- AWT Regression Modeling
- AWT 3 Water Savings and Water Quality
- AWT 3 Economics
- AWT 3 Energy Modeling
- AWT 3 Energy Modeling
- AWT 3 Energy Modeling
- AWT4 Technology Description
- AWT 4 Facility Description
- AWT 4 Water Savings and Water Quality
- AWT 4 Test Site 1 Results
- AWT4 Test Site 2 Results
- Questions
- Thank You
-
NREL | 32
AWT 3 Energy Modeling
bull Modeled water rates for each citybull Water rates vary significantly by city cities with
highest rates had highest savings
NREL | 33
AWT 3 Energy Modeling
bull Calculated SIR per location as a function of water rate (SIRgt1)
bull Used for high cost case of $25000
bull Does not include OampM cost savings
NREL | 34
AWT4 Technology Description
Scale controlElectro-catalytic process accelerates scale formation in the reactorsScale is easily removed from reactors
Expected Performancebull Blowdown water (and sewer) savings of 25-95 (CoC 30 or more)bull Elimination of chemicalsbull Energy savings ndash depending on the amount of scale in the baseline case
Corrosion controlMaintains balanced pH and mineral content to minimize corrosion
Biological Growth controlForms HOCl and Cl2 from the chlorides in the water for biocides
Dynamic Water Technologies amp Universal Environmental Technologiesbull Chemical free electrolysis
UET reactor skid
NREL | 35
AWT 4 Facility Description
Test site 1bull 240000 ft2 federal office building Savannah GAbull 2 250-ton chillers and 2 cooling towersbull 1 UET reactor skidbull Test period June ndash October 2017
Test site 2bull 530000 ft2 office building Los Angeles CAbull 2 800-ton and 2-500 ton chillers and 4 cooling towersbull 2 UET reactor skidsbull Test period June ndash October 2018 (ongoing)
NREL | 36
AWT 4 Water Savings and Water Quality
Water Savings bull Measured CoC gt 30bull Measured 98 reduction in
blowdownbull gt 1 million gal saved annually
Water Qualitybull No measured reduction in scaling bull Noticeable reduction in biological
growth and cleaning requirementsbull Observational improvements in
water qualitybull DWT maintains a high conductivity
setting (6000)
Scale removal from reactor cores
NREL | 37
AWT 4 Test Site 1 Results
Economic ParameterLocal Water
Rate $664kGal
GSA Avg Water Rate $1676kGal
Initial Cost ($) $59369 $59369 Cooling Tower Size (tons) 500 500Water Savings (Galyr) 1003300 1003300Water and Sewer Cost Savings ($yr) $6662 $16816 Annual Increase in OampM ($yr) ($720) ($720) Simple Payback with OampM (yrs) 10 37Savings to Investment Ratio 20 54
bull Installed costs higher than normal due to tech demo costs and Fed Gov added factors
bull Revised cost used in analysis
bull OampM costs increased slightly with annual service contract
NREL | 38
AWT4 Test Site 2 Results
bull Baseline period completebull DWT-UET system start up on 792018bull Expected testing through October 2018
Questions
michaelderunrelgov
jessedeannrelgov
Thank You
- Slide Number 1
- Cooling Tower Water Management Best Practices
- HVAC Research Team Call
- Cooling Tower Basics
- Balancing Cooling Tower Water Quality
- Cooling Tower Cycles of Concentration
- Corrosion vs Scale
- Genetic Biological Sampling
- Technology Testing Programs
- Emerging Technology Framework
- GSA Green Proving Ground Objectives
- Communicating MampV Outcomes from GSA Test Beds
- Technologies Tested by GPG with Published Results
- General AWT MampV Framework
- GSA Required Cooling Tower Water Quality
- AWT 1 Technology Description
- AWT 1 Facility Description
- AWT 1 Water Savings and Water Quality
- AWT 1 Economics
- AWT 2 Technology Description
- AWT 2 Facility Description
- AWT 2 Water Savings and Water Quality
- AWT 2 Economics
- Additional AWT 1 and 2 Deployments
- AWT 3 Technology Description
- AWT 3 Facility Description
- AWT 3 Performance Objectives
- AWT Regression Modeling
- AWT 3 Water Savings and Water Quality
- AWT 3 Economics
- AWT 3 Energy Modeling
- AWT 3 Energy Modeling
- AWT 3 Energy Modeling
- AWT4 Technology Description
- AWT 4 Facility Description
- AWT 4 Water Savings and Water Quality
- AWT 4 Test Site 1 Results
- AWT4 Test Site 2 Results
- Questions
- Thank You
-
NREL | 33
AWT 3 Energy Modeling
bull Calculated SIR per location as a function of water rate (SIRgt1)
bull Used for high cost case of $25000
bull Does not include OampM cost savings
NREL | 34
AWT4 Technology Description
Scale controlElectro-catalytic process accelerates scale formation in the reactorsScale is easily removed from reactors
Expected Performancebull Blowdown water (and sewer) savings of 25-95 (CoC 30 or more)bull Elimination of chemicalsbull Energy savings ndash depending on the amount of scale in the baseline case
Corrosion controlMaintains balanced pH and mineral content to minimize corrosion
Biological Growth controlForms HOCl and Cl2 from the chlorides in the water for biocides
Dynamic Water Technologies amp Universal Environmental Technologiesbull Chemical free electrolysis
UET reactor skid
NREL | 35
AWT 4 Facility Description
Test site 1bull 240000 ft2 federal office building Savannah GAbull 2 250-ton chillers and 2 cooling towersbull 1 UET reactor skidbull Test period June ndash October 2017
Test site 2bull 530000 ft2 office building Los Angeles CAbull 2 800-ton and 2-500 ton chillers and 4 cooling towersbull 2 UET reactor skidsbull Test period June ndash October 2018 (ongoing)
NREL | 36
AWT 4 Water Savings and Water Quality
Water Savings bull Measured CoC gt 30bull Measured 98 reduction in
blowdownbull gt 1 million gal saved annually
Water Qualitybull No measured reduction in scaling bull Noticeable reduction in biological
growth and cleaning requirementsbull Observational improvements in
water qualitybull DWT maintains a high conductivity
setting (6000)
Scale removal from reactor cores
NREL | 37
AWT 4 Test Site 1 Results
Economic ParameterLocal Water
Rate $664kGal
GSA Avg Water Rate $1676kGal
Initial Cost ($) $59369 $59369 Cooling Tower Size (tons) 500 500Water Savings (Galyr) 1003300 1003300Water and Sewer Cost Savings ($yr) $6662 $16816 Annual Increase in OampM ($yr) ($720) ($720) Simple Payback with OampM (yrs) 10 37Savings to Investment Ratio 20 54
bull Installed costs higher than normal due to tech demo costs and Fed Gov added factors
bull Revised cost used in analysis
bull OampM costs increased slightly with annual service contract
NREL | 38
AWT4 Test Site 2 Results
bull Baseline period completebull DWT-UET system start up on 792018bull Expected testing through October 2018
Questions
michaelderunrelgov
jessedeannrelgov
Thank You
- Slide Number 1
- Cooling Tower Water Management Best Practices
- HVAC Research Team Call
- Cooling Tower Basics
- Balancing Cooling Tower Water Quality
- Cooling Tower Cycles of Concentration
- Corrosion vs Scale
- Genetic Biological Sampling
- Technology Testing Programs
- Emerging Technology Framework
- GSA Green Proving Ground Objectives
- Communicating MampV Outcomes from GSA Test Beds
- Technologies Tested by GPG with Published Results
- General AWT MampV Framework
- GSA Required Cooling Tower Water Quality
- AWT 1 Technology Description
- AWT 1 Facility Description
- AWT 1 Water Savings and Water Quality
- AWT 1 Economics
- AWT 2 Technology Description
- AWT 2 Facility Description
- AWT 2 Water Savings and Water Quality
- AWT 2 Economics
- Additional AWT 1 and 2 Deployments
- AWT 3 Technology Description
- AWT 3 Facility Description
- AWT 3 Performance Objectives
- AWT Regression Modeling
- AWT 3 Water Savings and Water Quality
- AWT 3 Economics
- AWT 3 Energy Modeling
- AWT 3 Energy Modeling
- AWT 3 Energy Modeling
- AWT4 Technology Description
- AWT 4 Facility Description
- AWT 4 Water Savings and Water Quality
- AWT 4 Test Site 1 Results
- AWT4 Test Site 2 Results
- Questions
- Thank You
-
NREL | 34
AWT4 Technology Description
Scale controlElectro-catalytic process accelerates scale formation in the reactorsScale is easily removed from reactors
Expected Performancebull Blowdown water (and sewer) savings of 25-95 (CoC 30 or more)bull Elimination of chemicalsbull Energy savings ndash depending on the amount of scale in the baseline case
Corrosion controlMaintains balanced pH and mineral content to minimize corrosion
Biological Growth controlForms HOCl and Cl2 from the chlorides in the water for biocides
Dynamic Water Technologies amp Universal Environmental Technologiesbull Chemical free electrolysis
UET reactor skid
NREL | 35
AWT 4 Facility Description
Test site 1bull 240000 ft2 federal office building Savannah GAbull 2 250-ton chillers and 2 cooling towersbull 1 UET reactor skidbull Test period June ndash October 2017
Test site 2bull 530000 ft2 office building Los Angeles CAbull 2 800-ton and 2-500 ton chillers and 4 cooling towersbull 2 UET reactor skidsbull Test period June ndash October 2018 (ongoing)
NREL | 36
AWT 4 Water Savings and Water Quality
Water Savings bull Measured CoC gt 30bull Measured 98 reduction in
blowdownbull gt 1 million gal saved annually
Water Qualitybull No measured reduction in scaling bull Noticeable reduction in biological
growth and cleaning requirementsbull Observational improvements in
water qualitybull DWT maintains a high conductivity
setting (6000)
Scale removal from reactor cores
NREL | 37
AWT 4 Test Site 1 Results
Economic ParameterLocal Water
Rate $664kGal
GSA Avg Water Rate $1676kGal
Initial Cost ($) $59369 $59369 Cooling Tower Size (tons) 500 500Water Savings (Galyr) 1003300 1003300Water and Sewer Cost Savings ($yr) $6662 $16816 Annual Increase in OampM ($yr) ($720) ($720) Simple Payback with OampM (yrs) 10 37Savings to Investment Ratio 20 54
bull Installed costs higher than normal due to tech demo costs and Fed Gov added factors
bull Revised cost used in analysis
bull OampM costs increased slightly with annual service contract
NREL | 38
AWT4 Test Site 2 Results
bull Baseline period completebull DWT-UET system start up on 792018bull Expected testing through October 2018
Questions
michaelderunrelgov
jessedeannrelgov
Thank You
- Slide Number 1
- Cooling Tower Water Management Best Practices
- HVAC Research Team Call
- Cooling Tower Basics
- Balancing Cooling Tower Water Quality
- Cooling Tower Cycles of Concentration
- Corrosion vs Scale
- Genetic Biological Sampling
- Technology Testing Programs
- Emerging Technology Framework
- GSA Green Proving Ground Objectives
- Communicating MampV Outcomes from GSA Test Beds
- Technologies Tested by GPG with Published Results
- General AWT MampV Framework
- GSA Required Cooling Tower Water Quality
- AWT 1 Technology Description
- AWT 1 Facility Description
- AWT 1 Water Savings and Water Quality
- AWT 1 Economics
- AWT 2 Technology Description
- AWT 2 Facility Description
- AWT 2 Water Savings and Water Quality
- AWT 2 Economics
- Additional AWT 1 and 2 Deployments
- AWT 3 Technology Description
- AWT 3 Facility Description
- AWT 3 Performance Objectives
- AWT Regression Modeling
- AWT 3 Water Savings and Water Quality
- AWT 3 Economics
- AWT 3 Energy Modeling
- AWT 3 Energy Modeling
- AWT 3 Energy Modeling
- AWT4 Technology Description
- AWT 4 Facility Description
- AWT 4 Water Savings and Water Quality
- AWT 4 Test Site 1 Results
- AWT4 Test Site 2 Results
- Questions
- Thank You
-
NREL | 35
AWT 4 Facility Description
Test site 1bull 240000 ft2 federal office building Savannah GAbull 2 250-ton chillers and 2 cooling towersbull 1 UET reactor skidbull Test period June ndash October 2017
Test site 2bull 530000 ft2 office building Los Angeles CAbull 2 800-ton and 2-500 ton chillers and 4 cooling towersbull 2 UET reactor skidsbull Test period June ndash October 2018 (ongoing)
NREL | 36
AWT 4 Water Savings and Water Quality
Water Savings bull Measured CoC gt 30bull Measured 98 reduction in
blowdownbull gt 1 million gal saved annually
Water Qualitybull No measured reduction in scaling bull Noticeable reduction in biological
growth and cleaning requirementsbull Observational improvements in
water qualitybull DWT maintains a high conductivity
setting (6000)
Scale removal from reactor cores
NREL | 37
AWT 4 Test Site 1 Results
Economic ParameterLocal Water
Rate $664kGal
GSA Avg Water Rate $1676kGal
Initial Cost ($) $59369 $59369 Cooling Tower Size (tons) 500 500Water Savings (Galyr) 1003300 1003300Water and Sewer Cost Savings ($yr) $6662 $16816 Annual Increase in OampM ($yr) ($720) ($720) Simple Payback with OampM (yrs) 10 37Savings to Investment Ratio 20 54
bull Installed costs higher than normal due to tech demo costs and Fed Gov added factors
bull Revised cost used in analysis
bull OampM costs increased slightly with annual service contract
NREL | 38
AWT4 Test Site 2 Results
bull Baseline period completebull DWT-UET system start up on 792018bull Expected testing through October 2018
Questions
michaelderunrelgov
jessedeannrelgov
Thank You
- Slide Number 1
- Cooling Tower Water Management Best Practices
- HVAC Research Team Call
- Cooling Tower Basics
- Balancing Cooling Tower Water Quality
- Cooling Tower Cycles of Concentration
- Corrosion vs Scale
- Genetic Biological Sampling
- Technology Testing Programs
- Emerging Technology Framework
- GSA Green Proving Ground Objectives
- Communicating MampV Outcomes from GSA Test Beds
- Technologies Tested by GPG with Published Results
- General AWT MampV Framework
- GSA Required Cooling Tower Water Quality
- AWT 1 Technology Description
- AWT 1 Facility Description
- AWT 1 Water Savings and Water Quality
- AWT 1 Economics
- AWT 2 Technology Description
- AWT 2 Facility Description
- AWT 2 Water Savings and Water Quality
- AWT 2 Economics
- Additional AWT 1 and 2 Deployments
- AWT 3 Technology Description
- AWT 3 Facility Description
- AWT 3 Performance Objectives
- AWT Regression Modeling
- AWT 3 Water Savings and Water Quality
- AWT 3 Economics
- AWT 3 Energy Modeling
- AWT 3 Energy Modeling
- AWT 3 Energy Modeling
- AWT4 Technology Description
- AWT 4 Facility Description
- AWT 4 Water Savings and Water Quality
- AWT 4 Test Site 1 Results
- AWT4 Test Site 2 Results
- Questions
- Thank You
-
NREL | 36
AWT 4 Water Savings and Water Quality
Water Savings bull Measured CoC gt 30bull Measured 98 reduction in
blowdownbull gt 1 million gal saved annually
Water Qualitybull No measured reduction in scaling bull Noticeable reduction in biological
growth and cleaning requirementsbull Observational improvements in
water qualitybull DWT maintains a high conductivity
setting (6000)
Scale removal from reactor cores
NREL | 37
AWT 4 Test Site 1 Results
Economic ParameterLocal Water
Rate $664kGal
GSA Avg Water Rate $1676kGal
Initial Cost ($) $59369 $59369 Cooling Tower Size (tons) 500 500Water Savings (Galyr) 1003300 1003300Water and Sewer Cost Savings ($yr) $6662 $16816 Annual Increase in OampM ($yr) ($720) ($720) Simple Payback with OampM (yrs) 10 37Savings to Investment Ratio 20 54
bull Installed costs higher than normal due to tech demo costs and Fed Gov added factors
bull Revised cost used in analysis
bull OampM costs increased slightly with annual service contract
NREL | 38
AWT4 Test Site 2 Results
bull Baseline period completebull DWT-UET system start up on 792018bull Expected testing through October 2018
Questions
michaelderunrelgov
jessedeannrelgov
Thank You
- Slide Number 1
- Cooling Tower Water Management Best Practices
- HVAC Research Team Call
- Cooling Tower Basics
- Balancing Cooling Tower Water Quality
- Cooling Tower Cycles of Concentration
- Corrosion vs Scale
- Genetic Biological Sampling
- Technology Testing Programs
- Emerging Technology Framework
- GSA Green Proving Ground Objectives
- Communicating MampV Outcomes from GSA Test Beds
- Technologies Tested by GPG with Published Results
- General AWT MampV Framework
- GSA Required Cooling Tower Water Quality
- AWT 1 Technology Description
- AWT 1 Facility Description
- AWT 1 Water Savings and Water Quality
- AWT 1 Economics
- AWT 2 Technology Description
- AWT 2 Facility Description
- AWT 2 Water Savings and Water Quality
- AWT 2 Economics
- Additional AWT 1 and 2 Deployments
- AWT 3 Technology Description
- AWT 3 Facility Description
- AWT 3 Performance Objectives
- AWT Regression Modeling
- AWT 3 Water Savings and Water Quality
- AWT 3 Economics
- AWT 3 Energy Modeling
- AWT 3 Energy Modeling
- AWT 3 Energy Modeling
- AWT4 Technology Description
- AWT 4 Facility Description
- AWT 4 Water Savings and Water Quality
- AWT 4 Test Site 1 Results
- AWT4 Test Site 2 Results
- Questions
- Thank You
-
NREL | 37
AWT 4 Test Site 1 Results
Economic ParameterLocal Water
Rate $664kGal
GSA Avg Water Rate $1676kGal
Initial Cost ($) $59369 $59369 Cooling Tower Size (tons) 500 500Water Savings (Galyr) 1003300 1003300Water and Sewer Cost Savings ($yr) $6662 $16816 Annual Increase in OampM ($yr) ($720) ($720) Simple Payback with OampM (yrs) 10 37Savings to Investment Ratio 20 54
bull Installed costs higher than normal due to tech demo costs and Fed Gov added factors
bull Revised cost used in analysis
bull OampM costs increased slightly with annual service contract
NREL | 38
AWT4 Test Site 2 Results
bull Baseline period completebull DWT-UET system start up on 792018bull Expected testing through October 2018
Questions
michaelderunrelgov
jessedeannrelgov
Thank You
- Slide Number 1
- Cooling Tower Water Management Best Practices
- HVAC Research Team Call
- Cooling Tower Basics
- Balancing Cooling Tower Water Quality
- Cooling Tower Cycles of Concentration
- Corrosion vs Scale
- Genetic Biological Sampling
- Technology Testing Programs
- Emerging Technology Framework
- GSA Green Proving Ground Objectives
- Communicating MampV Outcomes from GSA Test Beds
- Technologies Tested by GPG with Published Results
- General AWT MampV Framework
- GSA Required Cooling Tower Water Quality
- AWT 1 Technology Description
- AWT 1 Facility Description
- AWT 1 Water Savings and Water Quality
- AWT 1 Economics
- AWT 2 Technology Description
- AWT 2 Facility Description
- AWT 2 Water Savings and Water Quality
- AWT 2 Economics
- Additional AWT 1 and 2 Deployments
- AWT 3 Technology Description
- AWT 3 Facility Description
- AWT 3 Performance Objectives
- AWT Regression Modeling
- AWT 3 Water Savings and Water Quality
- AWT 3 Economics
- AWT 3 Energy Modeling
- AWT 3 Energy Modeling
- AWT 3 Energy Modeling
- AWT4 Technology Description
- AWT 4 Facility Description
- AWT 4 Water Savings and Water Quality
- AWT 4 Test Site 1 Results
- AWT4 Test Site 2 Results
- Questions
- Thank You
-
NREL | 38
AWT4 Test Site 2 Results
bull Baseline period completebull DWT-UET system start up on 792018bull Expected testing through October 2018
Questions
michaelderunrelgov
jessedeannrelgov
Thank You
- Slide Number 1
- Cooling Tower Water Management Best Practices
- HVAC Research Team Call
- Cooling Tower Basics
- Balancing Cooling Tower Water Quality
- Cooling Tower Cycles of Concentration
- Corrosion vs Scale
- Genetic Biological Sampling
- Technology Testing Programs
- Emerging Technology Framework
- GSA Green Proving Ground Objectives
- Communicating MampV Outcomes from GSA Test Beds
- Technologies Tested by GPG with Published Results
- General AWT MampV Framework
- GSA Required Cooling Tower Water Quality
- AWT 1 Technology Description
- AWT 1 Facility Description
- AWT 1 Water Savings and Water Quality
- AWT 1 Economics
- AWT 2 Technology Description
- AWT 2 Facility Description
- AWT 2 Water Savings and Water Quality
- AWT 2 Economics
- Additional AWT 1 and 2 Deployments
- AWT 3 Technology Description
- AWT 3 Facility Description
- AWT 3 Performance Objectives
- AWT Regression Modeling
- AWT 3 Water Savings and Water Quality
- AWT 3 Economics
- AWT 3 Energy Modeling
- AWT 3 Energy Modeling
- AWT 3 Energy Modeling
- AWT4 Technology Description
- AWT 4 Facility Description
- AWT 4 Water Savings and Water Quality
- AWT 4 Test Site 1 Results
- AWT4 Test Site 2 Results
- Questions
- Thank You
-
Questions
michaelderunrelgov
jessedeannrelgov
Thank You
- Slide Number 1
- Cooling Tower Water Management Best Practices
- HVAC Research Team Call
- Cooling Tower Basics
- Balancing Cooling Tower Water Quality
- Cooling Tower Cycles of Concentration
- Corrosion vs Scale
- Genetic Biological Sampling
- Technology Testing Programs
- Emerging Technology Framework
- GSA Green Proving Ground Objectives
- Communicating MampV Outcomes from GSA Test Beds
- Technologies Tested by GPG with Published Results
- General AWT MampV Framework
- GSA Required Cooling Tower Water Quality
- AWT 1 Technology Description
- AWT 1 Facility Description
- AWT 1 Water Savings and Water Quality
- AWT 1 Economics
- AWT 2 Technology Description
- AWT 2 Facility Description
- AWT 2 Water Savings and Water Quality
- AWT 2 Economics
- Additional AWT 1 and 2 Deployments
- AWT 3 Technology Description
- AWT 3 Facility Description
- AWT 3 Performance Objectives
- AWT Regression Modeling
- AWT 3 Water Savings and Water Quality
- AWT 3 Economics
- AWT 3 Energy Modeling
- AWT 3 Energy Modeling
- AWT 3 Energy Modeling
- AWT4 Technology Description
- AWT 4 Facility Description
- AWT 4 Water Savings and Water Quality
- AWT 4 Test Site 1 Results
- AWT4 Test Site 2 Results
- Questions
- Thank You
-
Thank You
- Slide Number 1
- Cooling Tower Water Management Best Practices
- HVAC Research Team Call
- Cooling Tower Basics
- Balancing Cooling Tower Water Quality
- Cooling Tower Cycles of Concentration
- Corrosion vs Scale
- Genetic Biological Sampling
- Technology Testing Programs
- Emerging Technology Framework
- GSA Green Proving Ground Objectives
- Communicating MampV Outcomes from GSA Test Beds
- Technologies Tested by GPG with Published Results
- General AWT MampV Framework
- GSA Required Cooling Tower Water Quality
- AWT 1 Technology Description
- AWT 1 Facility Description
- AWT 1 Water Savings and Water Quality
- AWT 1 Economics
- AWT 2 Technology Description
- AWT 2 Facility Description
- AWT 2 Water Savings and Water Quality
- AWT 2 Economics
- Additional AWT 1 and 2 Deployments
- AWT 3 Technology Description
- AWT 3 Facility Description
- AWT 3 Performance Objectives
- AWT Regression Modeling
- AWT 3 Water Savings and Water Quality
- AWT 3 Economics
- AWT 3 Energy Modeling
- AWT 3 Energy Modeling
- AWT 3 Energy Modeling
- AWT4 Technology Description
- AWT 4 Facility Description
- AWT 4 Water Savings and Water Quality
- AWT 4 Test Site 1 Results
- AWT4 Test Site 2 Results
- Questions
- Thank You
-