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Key Topic: AugustusMain Idea # 1: Revenge for the Death of Julius CaesarMain Idea # 2: The Second TriumvirateMain Idea # 3: Who is Augustus?Main Idea # 4: Finally Pax Romana for Rome & the Great reforms of Augustus

1Main Idea # 4: The fall of Julius Caesar by the Senate.

2What do you think???Live you amazing reformer Die you horrible dictator

Set up a plot to kill himWhen Caesar enter the Senate - 60 Senators stab him 23 times on the Ides of March (March 15th 44 BCE)

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Caesar was killed because.The Senate thought he wanted to beKINGMain Idea # 1: Revenge for the Death of Julius Caesar

CassiusBrutus

AntonyOctavianVS6Main Idea # 1 Taking SidesOctavian - Grandnephew of Caesar & Heir to the throneAntony Trusted general of Julius Caesar

AntonyOctavian7Main Idea # 1 Taking SidesBrutus- trusted friend to Caesar, very liked patrician, Senator, & helped plan Caesars deathCassius- Senator, lazy patrician & helped plan Caesars death

CassiusBrutus8Main Idea # 1

Antony tries to build a road through the swamp Cassius figures it out and builds a dam to stop Antony. Antony attacks Cassiuss camp Cassius commits suicideSame time Brutus beats Octavian Several days later Antony & Octavian beat Brutus (Ships defeat Octavian and AntonyBattle of Phillipi9Antony attacks Cassius swamp bridge Cassius floods.. In the meantime.Brutus goes to battle against Octavian and Brutus wins..when he storms into Octavians tent Octavian is gone (knew to run from a dream)unfortunately Cassius cannot see that Brutus wins because of all the fog & dust. He thinks Brutus lost and kills himself. This allows Antony and Octavian to go after Brutus. Brutus tries to wait out the Allies and hopes that his navy will beat the allies. He does not hear anything for a long time (his navy did win) and his men plan on deserting or say they should attack. They attack (veteran v veteran) Brutus men fell back and were confused on what to do, in their confusion Octavian beat them back to their camp and Brutuss army ran away. Brutus runs to a nearby hill and kills himself. Emperor Augustus & the Problems that face Rome once his influence wears off

10Main Idea # 2: The Second Triumvirate

Antony

Octavian

Lepidus43 BCE11Main Idea # 2:What is a Triumvirate?Political Alliance between 3 peopleDid the first Triumvirate work?What went wrong with the first Triumvirate?

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13Main Idea # 2:Octavius Caesar: Is the nephew or heir of Julius Caesar after he dies.He also makes a pact with Marcus Antonius and Aemilius Lepidus that they will all three become the Roman powers.

Octavian14Main Idea # 2:Marcus Antonius: Is one of Caesar's good friends. Is like his side kick. Turns everyone against the conspirators and Brutus. Also defeats Cassius, Brutus and their army at Philippi. Does not like Lepidus. He thinks he should stay being a servant.

Antony15Main Idea # 2:Aemilius Lepidus: Also is involved in the Roman ruling after Caesar's death. Thinks that the other two members like him and that he is treated equally as the other two. Octavius and Marcus think he is just a servant.

Lepidus16Main Idea # 2:

They really like me! Go me!!What a loser! I am better than both of these guys!Why are these guys trying to rule. I am the real heir of Rome!17Main Idea # 2:The triumvirate will not last because they fight a lotOctavian forces Lepidus to retire from politics for good (promises him a small part of Africa)

18Main Idea # 2:In the beginning Octavian & Antony are happy to split Rome

Octavian

Antony19Main Idea # 2:Problems between Octavian & AntonyWomen problems To make their bond stronger Antony married Octavia (Octavians sister)

20Main Idea # 2: Woman ProblemsBUT>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>Antony then falls in love with Cleopatra He wants nothing to do with OctaviaOctavian is not happy

21Main Idea # 2:Octavian rallies Rome and tells them that Antony & Cleo are going to try to take over Rome and rule it together.Rome wants to stop Antony

22Battle of Actium 31 BCECleo & Antony V Octavian

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Main Idea # 2: Battle of ActiumOctavian crushes Cleo & Antonys navy & armyThe couple flees to Egypt for safety1 year later Octavian pursues them and they commit suicide (Romeo & Juliet style)Octavian wins and Antony & Cleo are dead24

The NewsCAIRO (AP) - Archaeologists will begin excavating sites in Egypt next week in an attempt to solve a mystery that has stymied historians for hundreds of years: Where is the final resting place of doomed lovers Cleopatra and Mark Antony?Archaeologists looking for the tombs of the celebrated queen of Egypt and the Roman general will begin excavating three sites at a temple where tombs may be located, Egypt's Supreme Council of Antiquities said in a statement Wednesday.Cleopatra and Mark Antony, whose relationship was later immortalized by William Shakespeare and then in a movie with Elizabeth Taylor and Richard Burton, could have been buried in a deep shaft in a temple near the Mediterranean Sea, the council said.Archaeologists last year unearthed the alabaster head of a Cleopatra statue, 22 coins bearing Cleopatra's image and a mask believed to belong to Mark Antony at the temple.The three sites were identified last month during a radar survey of the temple of Taposiris Magna, the council's statement said. The temple is located near the northern coastal city of Alexandria and was built during the reign of King Ptolemy II (282-246 B.C.).Egypt to look for Cleopatra's Tomb

25Main Idea # 3: Who is Augustus?

26Main Idea # 3:What happened to Octavian?He tried to restore the Republic but realized it was too weakChanges he made to the government:Gave the Senate almost no powerMade himself in charge of most things.27Main Idea # 3: Who is Augustus?

Here is Augustus!Who does he look like?

Does he look like this man?Augustus is arguably the single most important figure in Roman history. ~ PSU Prof. G. Fagan

28Main Idea # 3: Who is Augustus?

Octavian is Augustus!!!Renamed himself because Augustus means the revere or majestic oneHe also called himself the imperator aka Commander in ChiefWe call it emperor today

29Main Idea # 4: Finally Pax Romana for Rome & the Great reforms of Augustus

30Main Idea # 4: PeaceAugustus was a good Emperor to Rome. He was very private and did not want fanfare. 50 million people now live in RomeHe paved the way for 200 years of peace & prosperity even if the following Emperor were not very capable31Main Idea # 4:Those 200 years or peace are known as:

Pax RomanaAKA Roman Peace

32Main Idea # 4: ReformsPermanent Professional Army 150,000Praetorian Guard 9000 men to guard the emperor (bodyguards)New Territories in N. EuropeRebuilt Rome with Palaces, public buildings, & fountains I found Rome a city of brick & I left it a city of marble.

33Main Idea # 4: ReformsThe arts flourishImport grain from Egypt to feed the poorProvince governors like our state governors today (replace much of the Senates power)34Main Idea # 4: ReformsTax system Tax collector used to steal because they werent paid.Augustus paid them and made it a permanent job no more stealingLegal system now laws for all non-citizensStress the government over the individual in the government

35The End!While traveling in Campania, Augustus died peacefully at Nola on 19 August, AD 14. His famous last words were "Did you like the performance?"-referring to the play-acting and regal authority that he had put on as emperor.

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