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OFICINA DE REDAO EM LNGUA INGLESALesson 3 - NARRATION

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Lesson 3 - NARRATION OFICINA DE REDAO EM LNGUA INGLESA

Class content:Identify the different contexts connected to narrative.Recognize the characteristcs of a narrative textRecognize the differente narrative genresPerceive the relation between narratives and stories

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Telling stories or listening to them, real or not, are very old human activities. Since language became important to mans existence, people use it in order to narrate general facts and those related to their own experience. So, developing skills to present narrative essays is essential for communication.

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A narrative is some kind of retelling, often in words (though it is possible to mime a story), of something that happened (a story). The narrative is not the story itself but rather the telling of the story -- which is why it is so often used in phrases such as "written narrative," "oral narrative," etc. While a story just is a sequence of events, a narrative recounts those events, perhaps leaving some occurrences out because they are from some perspective insignificant, and perhaps emphasizing others. In a series of events, a car crash takes a split second. A narrative account, however, might be almost entirely about the crash itself and the few seconds leading up to it. Narratives thus shape history (the series of events, the story of what happened).

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"In narrative writing, an author has a chance to make his or her mark on the world by relating a story that only he or she can tell. Whether it comes from a personal experience or is one that the writer has imagined, the point of a narrative is to bring one's subject to life. By using sensory details, the five Ws and H (who, what, where, when, why, and how), and basic story structure, any subject can be made exciting."(Spencer L, A Step-by-Step Guide to Narrative Writing. Rosen, 2005)

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Evidence strongly suggests that humans in all cultures come to cast their own identity in some sort of narrative form. We are inveterate storytellers."Stories are an important aspect of culture. Many works of art and most works of literature tell stories; indeed, most of thehumanitiesinvolve stories

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Stories are of ancient origin, existing inancient Egyptian,ancient Greek,ChineseandIndiancultures and theirmyths. Stories are also a ubiquitous component of human communication, used asparablesand examples to illustrate points.Storytellingwas probably one of the earliest forms of entertainment.

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The narrative essay is a form of writing which depicts someones experience leading to some important realization or conclusion about someones lives or about the world in general.Every kind of writing should have a definite structure, i.e. introduction, main body and conclusion. That will make the essay clear and easy for a reader to perceive. The introduction should bring in the topic of the essay smoothly dropping any gentle hint at the subsequent plot development, sometimes with the elements of nature description, etc. But it shouldnt predict it in all the details, in order to make a reader thrilled to some extent. The introduction may present the prehistory of the future event very often. The main body is a principal part of the narrative essay.

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There are some special tips, which should be taken into account while presenting the body.According to the Narrative Essay and Prompts(Literacy Education Online), it must: be told from a particular point of view; make and support a point; be filled with precise detail; use vivid verbs and modifiers; use conflict and sequence as does any story; may use dialogue.

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Elements of a Narrative

Plot: the sequence of events that take place in a story.

Setting: the time and place in which the events of a story take place.

Characterization: the methods used to present the personality of a character in a narrative.Direct--the author describes the character.Example--She was a large womanwith a large purse. Indirect--the reader judges what the character is like based on what they say or do, or what other characters say about them.Example Tom The great Gatsby (S. Fitzgerald)

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Atmosphere: the general mood or feeling established in a piece of literature.Atmosphere is created through word choice and pacing. Word Choice--the author uses words that make the reader feel a certain way.A spooky atmosphere is created in "The Tell-Tale Heart" through the use of wordslike "hideous," "marrow," "chilled," and "nervous." Pacing--the author controls the speed at which we read through sentence length, punctuation, repetition of words and other techniques.Point of View: who is narrating the story (2 main types:First Person, Third Person)

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First person:the narrator uses "I" to tell the action, and is involved in the story. Third person:the story is told from a perspective outside the story.Thecharacters are referred to by name, or as he, sheor they.Conflict:the central problem that drives the action of a story.(two main types)Internal:The conflict happens in a character's mind.A character with a guiltyconscience is an example of internal conflict. External:The conflict happens between characters, or between a character andsome outside force, like nature.Sherlock Holmes pursuing a criminal is anexample of external conflict.

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Story One:I grew up in a fairly big city. Even though my family was well-off, I was like most kids. I mostly hung out with my friends and relatives, and we got in a lot of fights with guys we didn't like. One night, we thought it would be fun if we snuck into a party at the home of one of the families that my family didn't like. So, we got costumes and went over. We got there just after sundown. My friend got us in on his invitation. We just spent the whole night goofing off and meeting people. We ate and drank tons of stuff--which was even better because this old rich guy we hated was paying for it all. I met a girl there. We saw each other a few times, but then it sort of died out. Oh yeah, some of my friends left early and got in a big fight with some other guys at the party. The cops came and all of us got in trouble.

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Story Two:

I went on a boat ride when I was really young. It was down a river, and I have sort of vague memories of it being warm outside, and the ride was really slow and sort of winding. On the boat ride I met some really nice people who worked for this really important land owner. I lived with them for awhile. Then the land owner took a liking to me, and I went to work for him. He had a lot of businesses. I was mostly involved in building and maintenance. I worked for him for a few years, but then I got in a fight with him about how he was treating the workers. I made him so mad with our complaints that he let all of us go. I wandered around for a while and eventually took up mountain climbing.

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Narration - Internal Estructure

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What is a fictional narrative?Answer:

A fictional narrative is a story that you made up, an untrue story in which whatever you want to happen can happen, like a fictional book, with magic and monsters and whatever else you want within your story. many people are reading my answer because they have a school project due tomorrow and waited until the last possible minute to write it, make it short, like one or two pages tops, and wright about something that you think would interest people =) EXAMPLE Short Stories

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Narrative Space

This is the physically existing environment in which characters live and move. (Buchholz & Jahn, 2005)

When we make reference to the space in a narrative text, we can find two types:Physical and Psychological Spaces.The former refers to the mental image of thephysicalsettings in which the actions occur while the latter focus on mental characteristics concerning the characters: their experiences, feelings, dreams, thoughts, or everything that reveals the motivation for their behavior.

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Narrative Time

A time, or chronological, order is natural for narration. Events must be recorded in the order in which they occur. Thus, when you tell a story, a natural order is required.A space order is also very useful when the writer wishes to report what he sees. The movement of each paragraph must have some continuity which a reader can recognize and follow.Read the excerpt below taken from a report on the sinking of the Titanic. Notice all the individual acts which build the scene of the disarter.

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THE NARRATORAnarratoris, within anystory(literary work, movie, play, verbal account, etc.), the non-fictional or fictional, personal or impersonal entity who tells the story to theaudience. When the narrator is also acharacterwithin the story, he or she is sometimes known as thefirst personorfirst-person narrator. The narrator is constructed by theauthorand may be presented as distinct from, or the same as, the author, depending upon the author's construction. The narrator is one of three entities responsible for story-telling of any kind. The others are theauthorand theaudience(the latter called the "reader" when referring specifically to literature).

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The difference between a narrative essay and a descriptive essay is that the narrative essay you use your point of view to tell the story and the descriptive you describe the person or the place or the event using vivid images that refer to the smell,touch,sound,taste, personality, and behavior, also, person job or hobbies, and you describe what you feel about the person throughout the use of all these categories.

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In another word when writing descriptive essay you show your reader not tell him using the senses of sight also.Try to give a lot of details for instance if you are describing a person give more details about the physical traits including his hair color, height,weight,eye color, skin smooth or rough.....put them in order from hair to feet.

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