austin report

“Austin Engineering Co. Ltd.”

I wish to express my whole hearted thanks and deep sense of gratitude to able management of Austin Engineering Company Ltd. Junagadh. Who permitted me to complete the project work in the Austin Engineering co. Ltd. Junagadh.

I extend my sincere thanks to Mr. Amit Joshi (Manager of M.R. & ISO Co-Coordinator) and Mr. H.B.Khunti (Manager of Design) and Mr. D.J.Shukla (Manager of H.R.) and Mr. H.A.Ajmera (Manager of Production) and Mr. Ajay Malhotra (Manager of Export) and Mr. R.V.Thanki (Head of E.D.P. Dept.) to learn basic integrity of management in the Austin company ltd. Junagadh. without whose inspiration these work could not have been completed.

Prepared By – Somesh Odedra Page No. 1


Abundance of theoretical knowledge is acquired through lectures. But only classroom Discussions are not sufficient for a successful future Computer Operator. Practical training is the most vital part in the education of Computer studies. Mere education can not produce fruitful results without training. Industrial annual training is a good chance for the trainee for gaining better understanding and also to show their own inner skills.

For a trainee of Computer Operator, it is very important of know about each and every Department if an industry viz., production, finance, marketing, human resource, etc. it is essential to know how each unit and department functions, plans, directs, controls, reviews and so on. How they find their all about detail to store in our Computer. All this is possible only through undergoing practical training.



I Somesh D. Odedra give some information about my Austin Engineering Co. LTD. I was fortunate to get the chance to do the apprenticeship in such an esteem Company. I was (aec) there. This is the Company where one gets lots of things to learn. This Company is like a training school where there is no limit to learn anything new. But it should be born in the mind that this is a well-known and prestigious Company and so discipline has to be maintained in each and every department.

Now I will tell you about my department (ISO Dept.). This is the department from where all the information flows. So I came to know and learn much more about new things.

Our sir, Amitbhai G. Joshi is a person with whom everyone can discuss freely and frankly.So one gets the knowledge of the latest things of the department.

We had the staff of four persons there. Each one was assigned different jobs. In case any one of them was absent, I had to look after his all works, so I came to know most of the things of the ISO Dept, and I am very glad of it.



From the above Organization Structure, you will come to know what my position is. Shri amitbhai G. Joshi was looking after the works of M.R. & ISO Co-Ordinator and the work of M.R. Asst. was being looked after by Shri Nasirbhai U. Patta.

The above activity was divided into three parts.

1. Daily Activity 2. Monthly Activity3. Quarterly Activity

1.Daily Activity

I. In Process Inspection :-

In the daily activity first of all, we had to make the entry of the daily data coming from In Process Inspection (IPID). This entry was made in excel. Shri Amitbhai had arranged such a formula that if there was any mistake, we would soon come to know about it.

The entry for Final Inspection of race has to be made in the following Columns:-



(1) Sr No. (2) Operation No. (3) Eng. (4) Date (5) Shift (6) m/c. (7) Operator (8) Item (9) Race Qty. (10) Po (11) Ps (12) Over Size (13) Oval (14) TD (15) Rework (16) %Rew (17) %Rej (18) Dift.

All of the above points were entered in details.

In the above the total of No. 10 to No. 15 of Dif. Column was made and whatever the total was, we deducted it from column No.7. If the Difference was 0 (Zero) there could be entry mistake, which became apparent (Visible) by Filter Command.

And when a print out was made, we deleted that column as it was meant for only finding the mistakes.

The report of that entry was as following. The sample of the last page is attached. And after that Shri Amitbhai Joshi was making analysis from it.

II. Final Bearing Inspection Report :-

Then we made the entry of Final Bearing Inspection Report which has the following Column.

(1) Sr. No. (2) Date (3) Item (4) Party (5) Rec. Qty. (6) Total Rej. (7) Noise (8) Rotation (9) OD (10) ID (11) Face OR (12) Face IR (13) Total Width (14) Rc/Ac. (15) TD-IR (16) TD-OR (17) Out Radius (18) Crack-OR (19) Crack-IR (20) Rivet (21) Other (22) Diff. (23) Rej.

And Shri Amitbhai Joshi had set a Formula also in the Final Bearing Inspection Report, so that no mistake could be made in any entry. Here also a Diff. column was arranged to avoid any mistake in Rejection Piece. For this purpose there was a formula in Diff. column the total of column 6 to 21 was made column No. 5 and as usual, if the Diff. was 0 (Zero), there could certainly be same error in the entry. Such error also was found through Filter Command and it was rectified.



We used to check that entry daily so that there couldn’t mistake at the end of the month. The sample of the last page is attached. After that, an analysis was made.

2. Monthly Activity

I. Turning Inspection Department

We had to make the entry of Turning Inspection Department in the Monthly Report. There were rare chances of mistakes, so no formula was set. The total was made in the last page. A sample of the last page is attached. After that Shri Amitbhai made its analysis.

In the TID entry, there were column as under:-

(1) Sr. No. (2) Date (3) Item (4) Received Date (5) Received Qty. (6) Rejection Qty. (7) Rework Qty. (8) Conditional (9) Accepted Qty. (10) Dimension Qty. (11) Visual Qty. (12) Party.

3. Quarterly Activity

In the Quarterly work, four times Audit in a year was made (Internal Audit). We were making distribution of that schedule in about 20 to 25 Departments. Then we gave the Xerox copy of audit N.C. to each Department concerned. And after 10 to 12 days, MRM (Management Review Meeting) was fixed.

We were supposed to make sitting arrangement on the day of the meeting. And then, if its points are deiced, our sir included its details in the meeting Report.

We had old program in time office sometimes I solved the problems there and its entry had to be made in Fox Pro.



We had once in a year audit from outside which came from TÜV Rhineland Baroda. Its office is in Bangalore and its Head Office is in GENEO. This means audit was made by an auditor of an International Company. We made great preparations 4 to 5 days prior to the Audit.

Shri Alok Menon Sir made audit in details and for it, we needed four types of files as under:-

1. Quality manual → 4 control 2. Procedure Manual → 4 control3. Formats → 4 control4. Work Instructions → Distributed in all

Department

All these files had four Xerox copies. If there are any changes, all four files had changes. The Xerox was considered Controlled Copy while the main copy was considered a master Copy.

Master Copy:- A green stamp was there for Identification.

Control Copy:- A red stamp to Differentiate



HISTORY : Promoted exclusively by technocrats 35 years ago the Company has been growing leaps and bounds with



the active from our esteemed customers without which we could not be where we are today. We take pride in the fact that ours is the only Public Limited Company in Indian bearing manufacturing scene which has from inception no foreign tie-up/collaboration whatsoever, and exclusive relied on its own expertise. This set-up was first established as partnership firm, and then made to Private Limited Company and 20 years ago was converted into a Public one, having been listed in Mumbai, Ahmedabad and Delhi Stock Exchanges.

REGISTRATIONS : We are registered with (1) DGS&D (Permanent) (2) DGTD (3) DGQA (Ministry of Defence (4) Association of state Road Transport Undertakings (5) U.P. State Sugar Mills (6) RDSO (7) Gujarat Electricity Board (8) Chhattisgadh (9) Tamil nadu Electricity Board (TNEB), and have been regularly supplying our bearings to Defence Production units including Tank Factory and Depots. We have also been supplying our bearings to Bhilai, Bokaro, Visakhapatnam, Rourkela and Salem Steel Plants apart from Ruchi Strips & Alloys Ltd., Telco, Tisco, Voltas, Greaves, New Allenberry, BHEL, ABB, Indian Railways, LMW Group, Punjab Tractors, ASIL Industries Ltd. Real Strips Ltd., Tube Products of India etc. We have also supplied our bearing to UKAI Thermal Power Station.

MANUFACTURING RANGE : We have the widest range (numbering 5000) covering all types and configuration/derivatives of anti-friction rolling bearings viz: Ball Bearings, Cylindrical Roller Bearings, Taper Roller Bearings, Needle Roller Bearings, Spherical Roller Bearings etc.,

Out of this current range, around 60% fall in the category of Import Substitution and Special bearings. The Special and Import Substitution bearings are to GOST. CSN & ISO/Din/BIS/AFBMA Standards and to customers’ special specifications. The Bearings conforming to east European Standards have been specially developed for Indian Defence Ministry for their Vehicles, such as T-72/T-55 BATTLE TANKS and its mammoth engines, its gun systems.



KRAZ/KOLOS HEAVY DUTY TRUCKS ETC. We are regularly supplying bearings in a big way to Vehicle Factory, Jabalpur as per its requirements for their Shaktiman Trucks and Jeeps and Nissan Vehicles.

The total value of such Import-substituted bearings is worth crores of rupees, saving the country’s scare foreign exchange – after all “Foreign Exchange Saved” is “Foreign exchange earned.”

We have developed bearings for a variety of strategic and critical end-applications apart from defence requirement, such as steel plants (cold reduction mills, blooming mills, plate mills, billet mills etc. including roll neck bearings), material handling equipments including Forklifts, Cranes, Gear Box, automotive, tractor and other segments. The quality of our bearings is consistent and our business comes many folds year after year from our current customers on repeat basis, establishing performance and quality of our bearings to the best in the market. This fact is further ambly established by our exports to such developed countries as the USA, the UK and ITALY, since last 15 years.

PRESENT RANGE CAPACITY OF MANUFACTUR : We can manufacture at present bearings having bore dia. from 10 mm to 1000 mm and outside dia. from 22 mm to 1200 mm, weighing right from 20 grams to 750 kgs. Much bigger size bearings are under development.

We have up to-date full fledged Standard Room equipped with sophisticated surface finish and roundness checking instruments, Radial Clearance checking equipment etc., and Metallurgical laboratory with latest equipment including Metallurgical Microscope with photograph facility. Our machine shop has a battery of special purpose machines of imported and domestics origins.

CUSTOMER PROFILE :



Original Equipment Manufacturers : 85 Customers

State Transport Undertaking : 105 Customers

Exports : 20 Customers (in the UK the USA & Italy).

QUALITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM, CERTIFICATES :

We are awarded with ISO 9001 : 2001 ( with Design )

We are also awarded with ISO / TS 16949 : 2002 (included designing of bearings) by TÜV Rhineland – Germany.

DESIGN FACILITIES : We have developed our own software for these purposes which naturally go a long way in our concerted pioneering efforts in continue developing IMPORT SUBSTITUTES, especially for Indian Defence, Steel Plants and Thermal Power Stations.

ACCURACY/TOLERANCE CLASS : We can supply bearings in higher accuracy of P6, P5, P4 precision class bearings and out of special class of materials which we have been developing for Indian defence Ministry, end-application being Battle Tanks and its engines.

RAW MATERIAL : We use only the right Internationally-specifications and case carburizing steel as per design requirements. Other material as per customers’ requirements also developed i.e. stainless steel, tool steels etc.

We have our own office known as AEC-Europe in Milano (Italy).

CONTACT PERSONS :



(1) Mr. J.S. Thanki Vice President (Technical) [email protected]

(2) Mr. H.N. VadgamaVice President (Operation)[email protected]


mailto:[email protected]

mailto:[email protected]


Introduction

We would like to introduce ourselves as the manufacturer of widest range of ball and roller bearings in a single manufacturing unit in India. We are in this business since 1978 without any foreign collaboration and having two manufacturing units at present. We can manufacture bearings up to 1200 mm OD and 10 mm ID according to customer specifications.

Rapid development and flexible manufacturing system are our strengths enabling us to meet most of our customers' needs. Batch size is not at all a constraint to us for developing as well as manufacturing, if the same is production-wise feasible for new and/or developed bearings. We also export our bearings to developed countries like USA, UK, Germany, Italy, Austria, Australia, Canada and others.

Interest: • Export of Bearings & Components. • Instruments for the same. • Import of raw materials, components and

machinery.

Technical Introduction:

A long service life, high degree of reliability and economic efficiency are the prime criteria when designing rolling bearing arrangements. Our findings on the rolling bearing life are actually attainable. Our method on the adjusted life calculation is based on international standard recommendation, extensive investigations by AEC research department and practical experience. It takes into account failure probability, material, lubrication, magnitude of load, bearing type, and cleanliness. It is found that fail-safe bearings are possible with a fully separating lubricant film, the highest degree of cleanliness and stress which is absolutely realistic.



History

1973 Partnership firm formed by five technocrats. Started manufacturing needle roller cage assemblies with the manpower of 10 and the capital investment of 3500 US Dollars.

1974 Started manufacturing cylindrical roller bearings and deep groove ball bearings up to 50mm diameter.

1975 Started manufacturing single row spherical roller bearings.

1978 Partnership firm converted into Private Limited Company. Started manufacturing tapered Roller Bearing up to 100mm diameter.

1980 Manufacturing capacity of all aforesaid bearings increased up to 150mm diameter.

1982 Started supplying bearings for gear box application to Premier Automobiles Limited (FIAT-Italy Collaboration) for passenger cars.

1984 Started supplying case carburized specially heat treated ground components (exclusive supplier) and King-pin bearings to TELCO for light and heavy commercial vehicles.



1985 Converted into Public Llimited Company and offered shares to public.

1986 Started New Plant (Unit II) with installation of machinery and testing/measuring equipment imported from Germany. Started exporting bearings to developed countries such as UK, USA, and Italy.

1987 Started manufacturing import substitute bearings for military tanks and armed vehicles of Indian Defense Department.

1990 Increased manufacturing capacity to 600mm diameter. Started manufacturing double row tapered and spherical roller bearings.

1991 Awarded indefinite rate contract with All India State Road Transport Undertakings (ASRTU) for 78 sizes of bearings for their passengers vehicles.

1993 Started manufacturing flexible roller bearings.

1995 Manufacturing capacity increased to 800mm diameter.

1997 Started manufacturing flush ground single row angular contact ball bearings for US and European Markets.



1998

Started production of four row tapered roller and mutli-row cylinderical roller bearings for roll-neck application in steel plants.

1999 Awarded ISO 9001 Certification for design and manufacturing of all type of rolling bearings from TUV Rhineland.

2000 Established AEC Europe S.R.L in Milan, Italy.

2002

Developed stainless steel (Grade 440C) bearings (for Atomic Energy Plant).

2003

Developed and supplied Screw Down bearing (equivalent to Torrington 202 TTSX 942 EE2000).

2004

Developed Slim bearings (Constant Section Bearings) up to 18 inch.

Established Accurate Engineering Inc. (WOS of AEC Ltd.) in USA.



Board of Directors

ChairmanNarottam C. Vadgama

Managing DirectorShashikant M. Thanki

Joint Managing DirectorRamniklal N. Bambhania

Executive DirectorJaishankar R. Bhogayta

AuditorsDhirubhai Dand & Co.Chartered Accountants BankersBank of Baroda

Registered Office & Works

Austin Engineering Company Limited

Village: Patla. Taluka: Bhesan

Dist: Junagadh 362 030

INDIA



Range

AEC manufactures more than 4500 different types of bearings and are used in several industrial segments. Our engineering is backed up by a strong R&D, quality assurance, testing and gauging and our customers have seen the value of this investment in every single bearing we manufacture.

Our product range includes:

• Ball Bearings • Cylindrical Roller Bearings • Needle Roller Bearings • Tapered Roller Bearings • Spherical Roller Bearings • Flexible Roller Bearings



Ball Bearings

Deep Groove Ball BearingsSingle Row Series - Metric (6000,6200,6300,6400,16000,61800,61900) Inch (RLS, RMS, XLJ)

Double Row Series - Metric (4200,4300)

Wide Series - Metric (W200 PP, W 300 PP) Angular Contact Ball Bearings Single Row Series - Metric (7200, 7300, 7400) Inch (ALS, AMS)

Double Row Series - Metric (3200, 3300, 5200, 5300)

Four Point Contact Series - Metric (QJ 200, QJ 300, Q, QL, QJL, QJM)

Magneto Series - Metric (BO, E, L, M)

Flush Ground & Super Precision Series - (7000, 7200 BG, 7300 BG, 7400 BG, 71900)

Self Aligning Ball BearingsSeries - Metric (1200, 1300, 1400, 2200, 2300) Inch (RL, RM)

Thrust Ball BearingsSeries - Metric (51100, 51200, 51300, 51400, O) Inch (W, EW, XW, MT)

Full Complement Series - Inch (D series)



Cylindrical Roller Bearings

Radial Bearings

Single Row Series - Metric (N, NF, NH, NJ, NU, NUJ, NUP, NUPJ) Inch (CFL, CFM, CRL, CRM, LLRJ, MMRJ, XLRJ)

Double Row Series - Metric (NN, NNU, NCF)

Without Inner Ring - Metric (RNU 200, 300, 400, 1000, 2200, 2300)

Full Complement Series - Metric (NJG) Thrust Bearings Series - Metric (81100, 81200) Inch (T, AT)



Needle Roller Bearings

Radial Bearings

Single & Double Row Series - Metric (NA, NKI, NKIS) Inch (AB/LRB, HJ/IR)

Cage Assemblies - Metric (AB, MB, 200000, 300000, 400000, 500000,

600000)

Without Inner Ring - Metric (NK, NKS, RNA 4900, RNA 6900) Inch (MR) Inner Ring - Inch (MI)



Tapered Roller Bearings

Single Row Series - Metric (30200, 30300, 31300, 32000, 32200, 32300,

33000, 33100, 33200, KJH, KJM, KJHM, KJLM) Inch (K, KL, KM, KHM, KLL, KLM)

Double Row Series - Metric (97500, 2097100, 2097700, 2097900)

Four Row Series - Metric & Inch (LM, HM, M)

Our Achievement in Large Diameter Bearings

Double Row 2097740, 2097948, 2097144, 2097952, EE

542215/EE 542291D

Four Row 577796, HM 265049D/10/10D, EE

243193D/250/251D,M 263349D/310/310D, LM 761649D/610/610D



Spherical Roller Bearings

Radial Bearings

Series - Metric (20200, 20300, 21200, 21300, 22200, 22300,

23000, 23200)

Thrust Bearings Series - Metric (29200, 29300, 29400)

Barrel Roller Bearings Series - Metric (20200, 20300)



Flexible Roller Bearings

Series - Metric (FL, FLW, 15000, 45000)

Our Achievement in Large Diameter Bearings

FLW 100, FLW 130, FLW 140, FLW 160, FLW 180, 15826,

ORF 45511 (Flexible OR and Rollers)



PRODUCTION PROCESS

After knowing about the types of products reduced and their use, we will se how the production process goes in Austin Engineering Company Limited. Following are the stages through which raw material purchased passes and turns out into a finished product.

Purchase of raw material

Rail cages and revote make bearing. Races are of two types-inner race and outer race. The pipes and tubes make races. Rolls are made by the rode and reverts are purchased from other suppliers. After purchasing the raw material, it is taken to go down and then it is checked in laboratory. If the quality of raw material is good, it will go for another process. If its quality is held, it is returned to the supplier.

Raw material checking:

Raw material in the form of bar which are purchased from other units are first checked in laboratory.

Checking consists of two processes.Hardness test is carried out on wickers hardness tester

and if it is as per the design, then it is sent for heat treatment.Micro structure of raw material is also checked by

using microscope.

Cutting

Company purchases materials of various sizes and shapes like round bar, pipes, wire, and etc. from outside unit. These bars are cut in the required size of various bearings. Bars are cut on horizontal band saw which has a capacity of cutting the bar up to 245.

Turning or Machining

For turning operations of forged rings, they are ent outside the unit. Tuning operation includes various operations like turning of outer diameter of outer track,



internal track of outer race and external track of inner race. These operations are done according to the ranges designed by the company. After turning operation, they are stored in the raw material storage.

Heat treatment

Bearing should have the hardness of 59 to 64 RHN for satisfactory working of bearing. To get more hardness, heat treatment is carried out on the turned racer and rollers. Mainly. Two process is carried out on it.

Hardening:

Hardening process is done in indo-gas furnace in which the work pieces are heated pu to 850 celsius. Time required for heating is 3mm per 1 mm wall thickness. Therefore, time required for heating at outer and inner race is not same. According to the time required for heating and length of hearting plate,we can set the stroke length. These types of furnaces uses indo-gas for setting og the stroke.

After hardening process, quenching is done in Meta quenched oil hence, the temperature of work pieces reduces to approximately 50 Celsius.

Grinding Operations

Grinding operatin id done on the outer race, inner race and rollers. It includes,

Face grinding:

Face grinding operation is carried out in machine shop-1 on double disc grinding machine, in which work pieces is passed between two ginding disc which, and are parallel to each other. Work pieces are set to re1quire dimension and grinding is carried out. This process is carried out in two steps, rogh out and finished cut.



Grinding Operating For Ball

In this company different types of balls are manufactured according to the type of baring viz., spherical ball cylindrical ball, needle ball, taper ball. Etc

General sequences of its surface finishing are,

Tumbling:

Tumbling is done after heart treatment to remote the black film from the roller surface. It is also done after grinding process is finished to get the mirror polished surfaces. In tumbling process, rollers are gathered in the drum, which is rotated electric motor. This drum is rotated generally at 40 to 50 RPM.

Face Grinding Face grinding of different types of the ball

is done in machine shop-1. Operator just puts the ball in line to machine input and then automatically it takes the balls in and after grinding it discharges them in to a vessel.

Outer Diameter Grinding This process is also done in machine shop-1

Here grinding of needle, cylindrical, taper balls sre done on center less grinding. Machine balls are pass between grinding wheels and regulating wheels, which rotates in same direction and ball gets grind.

Name Of Machine For Grinding:

CNC Grinders Semi-Automatic Internal Grinders

1200mm OD Automatic Internal Grinders 150mm OD Semi-Automatic External Grinders

300mm ID Automatic External Grinders 125mm ID



Dimensions’ checking is necessary during grinding process. Gauge or mechanical comparator has a dial gauge working on grinding machine, which intermittently check the dimension.

Cage: Generally, cage can be made by two ways,

by machine process or by press machine operation. The cage for the Austin Engineering company limited is prepared outside the unite.

Assembly First, the rollers are put into the cage and then the

inner race is slide inside he cage. Then, this assembly is placed on the press machine where the pillars of the cage are pressed against the roller. So that the cage will be fixed on the external race and rollers roll on this track without separating from the track outer race will remain separate. Outer race is just pressed manually in assembly.

Clearing, oiling and packing

At this stage, the searing will be cleared, oiled and finally they repacked into proper boxes.

Storage & Dispatch These finished goods are kept in stores and frame

there the products are dispatched in the market under the name of AEC ball bearing. The company has adopted make to order strategy and hence the finished goods are directly dispatched to the customers as soon as they are made.

The installed and utilizing capacity of the unit is 3000 units per day.



PLANT LAYOUT Plant Layout is concerned with the ordinary

arrangement of available resources. It integrates man machines and materials so that the work of undertaking may be efficiently and economically conducted. A good play layout help to obtain the maximum output at the lowest possible cost.

There a various types of layout like process layout, hybrid layout, fixed position layout, etc. The choice of layout type depends largely on process choice.

The Austin plant is located at Patla in the state of Gujarat, India. Their facilities are built over 350000 square feet and manufacturer over 3 million bearings speed over 2500 different types. located in a scenic environment, in the middle of rolling hills has given them the ability to respect their environments and be a community friendly company

Austin Engineering Company limited has the process lay out with a job process, which is best for low



volume, high variety production. S the operations manager organizes employees and equipment around the process. Such layout groups workstation or departments according to the function.

SELECTION OF LOCATION.

Selection of the location is very vital activity, which will decide the success of the company. A good decision for location will reduce cost of production and distribution to great extant and this in turn will help growing the profit margin or competitive strength of the business.

Huge investment is done in purchasing site.

If the selection location is not proper, other investment done in machineries, building, etc. will be vague and the company may suffer loss. So, a careful decision is to be taken while selecting the location. It is very essential to consider the technical, commercial and financial aspects and then the location should be that it will provide best result to company.

Primary Factors.

Supply of raw material Nearness to market



Transport facilities Labor supply Availability of power Supply of capital

Secondary Factors.

Facilities Natural factors Political factors Government subsidies and facilities Historical and religious factors. Initial start and goodwill Personal factors

Austin Engineering company Limited is located at

patla village. This area is a backward area. The following location benefits area available to the company.

Easy availability of raw material: The cost of raw material is an important

element in the cost of production. If the supply of raw material is not regular it may lead to frequent stoppages and breakages in production. The time and cost of transporting raw material is also important. Therefore the company is situated near the source of raw material and is easily available.

Government Subsidy: As aforesaid, the company is located in the

backward area. So, the government may encourage the industries in such areas by making capital, land water and power available at law rates. The government may provide such facilities for development of such arias.

Power Supply:

Power is the most important factor for production of the product. Power shortages will lead to stoppage of machineries. So, continuous supply of power is



necessary for continues production. The AEC enjoys this facility too.

Transport Facility:

For the regular and timely supply of raw material at low cost and for transporting finished products on time to market, speedy transport facilities are needed. The company has chosen speedy and cheap means of transport after making comparative cost study of different means of transport.

Manpower:

No matter how much highly mechanized system is adopted by the company, without manpower, it is of no use. Machines cannot produce anything without the availability of skilled laborers. Highly skilled laborers working in AWC.



TYPES OF RAWMATERIAL AND PROCUREMENT.

Raw material is the basic requirement for producing of product. Production process is converts this raw material into finished products. AEC ltd. Produces the main product of bearings. The main raw material required for manufacturing bearings, are steel pipes and tubes, steel wire, steel ball, CRCA sheets, rollers. Tapers, race, etc.

The chemical composition of the bearing

materials is as follows:

SAE – 521 00/EN-31 ( SAE – Society of Automotive Engineering) C = 0.95% to 1.1%Si = 0.15% to 0.45%Mn =0.25% to 0.45%P = 0.025%Cr = 1.35% to 1.865%Ni = 0.25%Mo = 0.1%

CU = 0.3%As = 0.04%Sr = 0.03%Sb = 0.005%Pb = 0.002%Ti = 0.01% to 0.06%Su = 10%

For special application case, hardened or even stainless steel may be used.

In Austin Engineering company Limited, there is order based work. So, after getting the order from customers, the order for raw material is placed with suppliers. They have many suppliers for raw material from whom they will easily get raw material regularly.



MATERIAL HANDLING SYSTEM:

Material includes three types are Raw material, Work in progress, and Finished goods. Handling of all types materials during all stages such as receipt, in process, final product and delivery shall be done in a way that it prevents damage or deterioration. Good practices are followed while handling materials. For all light items, it shall be handled manually or with help of suitable trolley.

In Austin Engineering Co. Ltd., raw material and components shall be received as per the recruitment from respective stores by respective production supervisors through material demand slip. Raw material shall be issued for turning to the B-class supplier by planning in charge. Where applicable soft components shall be issued to heart treatment department shall maintain stock details. in process store shall maintain in ward details. Stock of individual items in the IPS shall be maintained. From in process material store material shall be issued to machine shop / Assembly / Unit against material demand slip. Surface /outer diameter report shall be prepared by in process material store in change. Other grinding process and material movement shall e noted and maintained by IPS in change and team members.



PRODUCTION PLANING AND CONTROL SYSTEM.

Planning is the overview of how work is done. A good plan means half work done. It is just like preparing a model before building a house.

In manufacturing unit, it is very necessary to do the planning for production. It includes like what will be the future demand for the product, how many orders are pending, with in how much period, the orders are to be fulfilled, how much raw material will be needed for it, from where is to be obtained, how many employees will be needed, is there any need for overtime, etc.

In Austin Engineering Company Limited, order based production strategy is followed. It means that they work as per the orders received. So, in production planning, they used to plan what will be the demand and how much aw material will be needed for it and from whom they will acquire it. After the raw material received, production will be start as per the time limit. For production control, the supervisors and testing instruments continuously do checking. Corrective and preventive actions are taken if any problem arises.



REPAIRS AND MAINTENANCE

Machines and equipments are the tools that

end to produce that are desired. It help us to convert the raw material in to the finished that can be sold and produces revenue. So, it is very important task to maintains the equipments and get it repaired if any breakdown.

Breakdown Maintenance:

In Austin Engineering Company limited, machine history cards are maintained for production related machines. On the occurrence of crackdown of any equipment, the concerned user department shall inform the HOD maintenance through maintenance requisition slip. Necessary personnel shall attend the breakdown for timely restart of the machine. The machine shall be repaired as per the identified problem and the machine shall be handed over to the user department after the approval of HOD production shift engineer. Record of the brake down shall be entered in the maintenance logbook. Maintenance team member enters major breakdown maintenance activities in machine history card. For machine associated equipment that needs to be repaired by outside agency, the necessary arrangement shall be done by hod maintenance.

Preventive maintenance: List of key machineries is prepared

and is available with the HOD maintenance. Predictive maintenance program is prepared for key machinery that is directly involved in the production process of bearing. HOD maintenance shall review the records of data collection of key machines and necessary action is taken for predictive maintenance.



MANAGEMENT OF INDUSRIAL SAFETY

There are many workers working on the factory site operating huge machineries. AEC is very keen in management of industrial safety. They have installed fire extinguishers at very every place in the workplace. The grinding companies provide the grinding wheel operators free insurance as it involves risk. The company provides safety devices to workers working in production department helmets, safety belts, shoes, hand glows and dark glasses for welding. The company provides medical facilities to the workers working in the organization So, AECL takes good care of their workers and employees working in the organization.



Introduction

Employees hold a key place in a business. No business enterprise can exist and faction without employee. The success of business enterprise depends to a large extend on the quality of as personal.

The plan of business may be logically sound and structure of organizations may be perfect, but it the recruitment and training of personal are a scientific business can ability of acts employees, therefore it is necessary to direct motivate, Adopt and manage the activity.

Personal management is the key to the whole organization. The concept of personal management is application not only to factories, but it is equally important in office, sales department, laboratories where the management must win tue co-operation of their sub ordinates.



Organization of Personal Department

To the company the day to day affairs are managed by team of professional manager under the supervision of the managing director who is headed by the chairman of the company.

In Austin Engineering Ltd. There is a separate personal department where all function regarding personal is informed

The organization chart of personal department id as follow


GENERAL MENAGER

PERSONAL MANAGER

PUBLIC RELATION OFFECER PERSONAL

TIME KEEPER

TIME CLERKS


RECRUITMENT SELECTION & INDUCTION

In Every organization there is a less or more rate of turnover of employees. Hence it is necessary for every organization to refill the vacant place with appropriate Person.

Recruitment

Recruitment is positive activity; there is three method of recruitment

Direct method Indirect method Third party method.

In Austin engineering co. Ltd. for employee of bottom level they used direct method, while managerial level recruitment is done through the advertisement in news paper & magazines.

SELECTION

When recruitment procedure completed, selection procedure starts, proper candidates they go through same systematic step like,

Application Preliminary Interview Personal Interview Reference Medical Checkup Final Selection Introduction



Placement and induction is the desired goal of personal manager of every organization. The process of placement involves assigning the specific work to the employee, To accept employee as a part of the organization and to asquint him with rules, policies, procedures activities and general information about the organization and specific information about the job interested the company use normal method for the induction for new comer.

Promotion & Transfer policy

Promotion:-

A promotion is a type of Transfer involving placement of employee to a position having higher pay increase responsibilities, more privities, Increased more benefits and grater opportunities

Promotion is given so as:-

To increase an employees organizational effectiveness,

To buildup morals, loyalty and sense of belonging on the part of.

To attract suitable and component workers for the organization

Promotion may be given on two bases.

On the bases of seniority On the bases of merit

In this company, Promotion is given of the bases of seniority bases at lower level also promotion is made from operative level and from that supervisory level and that to office clerks.

Transfer

The transfer policy is horizontal movement policy. It does not change employee’s states, authority, or salary but only place is changed. The Austin Company has its two units as per requirements, transfer, is done from one unit to another.



PERFOROMANCE APPRISAL

Performance appraisal oceans sys-thematic evaluation of the personality and Performance f each employee by his super-vision of some other trained person.

The purpose of performance appraisal is appraise the performance of individual too take decision as like increase in pay transfer, promotion etc. it is also describe as merit rating in I whir on worst in comparison to others.

There are six methods of performance appraisal

Straight ranking method Paired comparison method. Man to man comparison method. Check list Free essay method. Critical incidental method.

Appraisal is too results of management by objectives in “Austin engineering co. Ltd.” They used appraisal by result and behavior approach.



WAGES & SALARY ADMINISTOUTION

Wages and salaries are the rewards to employees. It is the compensation to by them. The basic purpose of the administration is o establish and maintain equitable and justifiable Wage and salary structure.

A wages and salary is the r4emunetation paid for two service of to and employee worker, wage usually refers to an hourly, to such groups, on the other and maintenance employees, on the other hand normally salary refers to the weekly or monthly rates paid to clerical

In “Austin Engineering co. Ltd.” The total wage determine on the Basis of job & as per government rules & regulation while salary determined on the bases of competitive rates. Here wages and salary is fixed but increment granted according the efficiency.



Working ESI scheme

ESI means Employees state insurance it is social scheme providing insurance when any type of difficulty comes on employees or on his family

In this company for ESI scheme 7.25% of employee is deducting from the salary of the employee is handicapped during working hour, then as per ESI flues employee will receive difference of income which he can earn at present and which he would earn in his god days.

“Austin engineering co. Ltd.” also give paid up travel

to workers who is in hospital of any family member is in hospital etc.

Company has appointed special doctor’s namely:

Dr. V.R trabadiaDr. R.K TakkarrDr. Damani

Whose tees as wells bills of medicine are paid up by a company?



PROVIDENT FUND SCHEME

Provident fund scheme is one type of employees which provide financial security after retirement; this scheme is governed by the central govt. Of India in Austin engineering co. 20% Provident fund of given which 10% is worker’s contribution?

In “Austin engineering co. Ltd.” has also been started man as family movement fund scheme. According to which the family members are given 1.6% of his salary after the depth of employee.

From the provident fund the employee can also taker loan for any purpose like marriage, house and education etc. without payment of any interest afterwards this loan is deducted as installment from salary of employment.



GRIEVANCE HANDLING PROCEDURE

Grievance is a selling of dissatisfaction among worker reading any thing concerned with their work either employer may tell it.

Grievances written complain by an employee is respect f wages, allowance, job assignment transfer etc. it is an discontent or dissatisfaction whether expressed of not, whether valid of not, arising out of any thing connected with the company which an employee thinks, be live ort feel to be unfair manager to resolve problem of his subordinate.

The procedure of out coming of grievance is as follow:

It any problem anises, then employee may first contact the superior. Answer is given by the superior within 3 days to a week.

He only approaches to his deportment head that will inquire the matter personally and give his answer within week.

He may contact the factory manager personally or may give written complain, Relay is given within week.

It they also not satisfied he may contact management through trade union.



COLLECTIVE BARGAINING & AGREMNET

Collective bargaining is combination of persons whether temporary f permanent for the purpose of regulating the relation between employees and employers for imposing restrictive condition.

It has two main elections in which employee’s decision is taken to consideration. There decision is related with.

Salary & Wages Bonus

There is a committee of 5 reprehensive of the employees who sign the agreement between employee and employers. The agreement is accepted by all the employee of the signature of the new employers is also taken in this agreement.

According to collective agreement company provides 15% yearly bonus.

Introduction Organization of marketing department Product decision (Policy) (Planning) Pricing decision (Policy) Market Segmentation Market promotion Distribution channel activity Marketing research activity International marketing Marketing objective



Introduction

This is more or less social or managerial process that involves identifying unsatisfied need and went of consumer, producing goods and went of consumer, reducing goods and services to consumer, producing goods and services to satisfy those needs and wants, determining appropriate price promotion & distribution and maintain relation with market is marketing.

It is important to setout the marketing department, it

can be defined as the process of exchange of goods and services from producer to customer to satisfied they needs. any organization providing its items has to market its products.

Each and every organizations has to make marketing efforts so Marketing Department



NEW PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT

New Product development is necessary for every company to maintain as well as increase sales. It is anticipating customer’s needs developing new products and improving the existing products so as to meet the expectations of customers, Majority of customers wants new products and competitions will do their best to supply them. The ever changing expectations of customers actually force companies to invest to heavily in new product development in modern times. The company can either acquire other companies or it can acquire patents.

Austin engineering company ltd. Produces wide range of bearings, Now a day, they are very careful while development new product because sometimes some competitors of small scale industries used to give sample of bearing to get it produced and there after, they won’t buy it, so, while take order, some conditions are laid down by them on the bases of which they used to develop a new size and design of bearing.



BRANDING AND PACKAGING

A brand is a name, sign, symbol, design or a combination of all used to distinguish the product of the firm from others stated simply, a brand is the name by which the identifies it with customers branding helps in creating a distinct image of the seller in the market.

The brand name of Austin Engineering Co. Ltd. Is “ace ® “which is registered in government office, so any other company can not use it. The trade marks so the company is

Austin Engineering Company Ltd. packs its products very carefully. Before packing the bearings, they are painted with lubrication on whole bearing. The lubricant is used in the bearing to reduce the friction on whole bearing to reduce the friction between the rubbing surfaces and carry away the heat generated by friction. Then after, bearings are packed in the polythene pouch by automatic machine, but the main problem of the packaging is the duplication done by competitors and small scale industries because they also pack it in the same way and give the name of AEC. So they use a code symbol on polythene pouch. Only dealers and manufacturers of the company know this code. They used to change the code every six months.



PRICING

Pricing refers to the process of fixing the price of a product

Or service the term “Price” refers to the exchange value is of crucial importance to a business concern as the price of the firm’s products determines the value of sales and amount of profit. Manufactures generally base their pricing decisions on three factors. They are the cost of production, the demand for the product, and the nature of the competition for the product.

• Setting Price Objectives:

First the company decides what they want to acquire by selling the product Austin Engineering Company Ltd. Has many objectives like maximum selling increase the market share to face competition, achieving target return etc.

• Forecasting demand:

Law of demand says that higher the demand, lower the price and vice versa. The demand of ball bearing is high Austin Engineering Company Ltd. Provides strong and durable bearings to their customers so they trust as good will and they ready to pay high price for its bearings are reasonable price.

• Estimating Cost:Two type of cost are uncuredO Fixed cost like wages & salariesO Variable cost like materials, repairs and

maintains, etcAustin Engineering Co. Ltd. Considers both the costs

while price setting. They cover the entire cost of production, distribution and etc. They also consider geographical area. They add up the cost of transportation warehousing etc.

• Analyzing Competitor’s Cost, Price and offers :To remain stable in competitive, it is very necessary to

set the price after considering competitors, cost, price and offers. AEC fixes, its price at prevailing market rate as it faces fall competition from both international and national market.



• Setting a Price Method:Last step is fixing a method for setting the price after

considering the entire factor. There are various methods like pricing leased on discount, target return pricing, price line, policy demand and supply approach, break even analysis cost plus pricing method etc.

AEC has adopted cost plus pricing method to set the price.

Thus, price is fixed as cost + Profit %• Channel ManagementChannel is the route through which good pass from

one end to another. In other words, the path through which moves from place of production to the place of consumption is celled channel of distribution. Channels of distribution means employed by manufacturers and sellers to get the products reach the market and there by in the herds of consumers. Before deciding distribution channel producer has to consider some factors like type of product market for the product company, competitor’s channel, etc. It is possible to make each and every product reach at any corner of the world only through channel of distribution.

Various distribution channels1. Direct distribution channel2. Indirect distribution channel



Austin Engineering Co. Ltd. Has adopted the combination of direct and indirect channel because they have both types of customers. As it is an industrial product, the industrial consumers are sell goods through retailers.

• Network Selection:Network selection is most important in the process of

distribution. Austin Engineering Co. Ltd. Selected following options:

By Road:

The company use roadways for transporting goods in the main area as well as remote areas through truck.

By Train:

Sometimes as per the conveniences place of distribution, type of product, load of product etc, they also use railway as a transport mode.

By ship:

Normally, the company uses roadways or railways to transport goods within India, but as the company is cragged in exporting their products out of India, they also uses sea way for dispatching goods in foreign countries.

By Air:

The company is using airways for exporting their products in foreign countries very rarely.



INTRODUCTION TO FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT

Finance is rightly said to be the lifeblood of the enterprise. It is the basic requirement of the business. It is responsible for commencement, sustenance and growth of the business. They should optimum supply of funds, because of situations of both the over and under capitalization are injurious to the growth of the enterprise. The available of finance should also be properly used, so that the finance growth of the business should take place at accelerated growth. Finance resources should also be used effectively for profit and wealth maximization.

Financial management is the concerned

with the managing finance of the business for smooth functioning and successful accomplishment to the enterprise objectives. Finance is requiring not only for the commencement of the business but also to meet its routine money requirements and promotion of the enterprise. It is requiring for purchasing fixed asset as well as for meeting manufacturing and distribution expanses. Finance resource management, in this way is concerned with forecasting of financial requirement, rising for necessary funds and controlling over the utilization of available of finance.

In the words of Wheeler, “Finance management is the business activity, which is concerned with acquisition and conversation of capital fund in meeting financial need and over all objective of business enterprise.”



FINANCIAL PLANNING

Financial planning is an intellectual process, which decides in advances in advances in advance the capitalization and capital structure of the enterprise. The financial manager has to decide amount of capital required by the company. It should also be clearly laid down that what part of capital would be borrowed. Proper balancing between owned and borrowed capital is also required. Owner’s capita may further be procured by issue of equity and preference shares.

In Austin Engineering Company Ltd., financial planning is based on time period. i.g. Short term, medium term and long term planning, for 1 years, 5 years and 10 years respectively. Short term planning is fulfilling the requirement of production department and for day-to-day expanses. Medium term planning is done to increase working capital and for the replacement of machineries. Long term planning is done for the expansion ad the modernization.

Planning Period Purpose

Short term 1 year Production department

Day to day expanse

Medium term 5 year Working capitalLong term 10 year Expansion



CAPITALIZATION

Capitalization refers to the amount of capital required by the business enterprise. The capital may be obtained by issue of equity and preference shares, by issue of debentures, by obtaining loan and retained earning. In this way, the sum total of fixed capital and working capital forms capitalization. In the words of A.S.Dewing,” the term capitalization or the valuation capital includes the capital stock and debt.”

The term capitalization is closely associated with the earning capacity of the enterprise. Both, over and under capitalization dangerous for the capitalization. A stage of optimum capitalization is the desire goal of every enterprise. It is a stage, where the company earns fairly good return.

Over Capitalization:

Over capitalization is the phenomenon of a business enterprise, wherein long term funds exceed the amount of optimum capitalization. In case over capitalization, the rate of return is laser then the rate of competitive firms. Declining rate of return and dividend present such case. The supply of long term funds exceeds the required amount of funds, or the economic activities of the enterprise get slower. Over capitalization in other words means under utilization of funds.

Under Capitalization:

It is the reverse of the above. An under capitalized company is able to meet its fixed interest charges and is able to pay a higher rate on its shares than the existing rate on similar shares then the existing rate on similar shares in similar businesses. In other words, the rate of profits earned on capital invested in company is higher than the prevailing rate of other businesses in the same industry.



LEVERAGE ANALYSIS

A firm may use different sources of financing. It may carry fixed a rate of return or it may vary. Since debt involves the payment of a stated rate of interest, the return to the ordinary shareholders is affected by the magnitude of debt in the capital structure of a firm.

The employment of an asset or source of

funds for which the firm has to pay a fixed cost or fixed return may be termed as leverage. Consequently, the earnings available to the shareholders as also the risk are affected. If earnings less the variable costs exceed the fixed cost, or earnings before interest and taxes exceed the fixed return requirement, the leverage is called favorable. When they do not, the result is unfavorable leverage.

Operating Leverage: The operating leverage may be defined as

the firm’s ability to use fixed operating costs to magnify the effects of changes in sales on its earnings before interest and taxes.

When proportionate change in EBIT as a result of a given change in sales is more then the proportionate change in sales, operating leverage exists. The grater the DOL, the higher is the operating leverage.

Change in EBIT OL =

Change in sales

Financial Leverage:



Financial leverage is concerned with the effects

of changes in EBIT on the earnings available to equity holders. It is defined as the ability of a firm to use fixed financial charges to magnify the effects of changes in EBIT on the earnings per share. When a percentage change in EPS resulting from a given percentage change in EBIT is greater than the percentage change in EBIT, financial leverage exists.

% Change in EPS FL= % Change in EBIT

Combined Leverage: The operating leverage has its effects on

operating risk while financial leverage has its effects on financial risk. Since, both these leverages are closely concerned with ascertaining the ability to cover fixed charges (fixed operating costs and fixed financial costs), if they are combined, result is total leverage and the risk associated with combined leverage is known as total risk. Symbolically,

DCL= DOL * DFL



CAPITAL BUDGETING:

Capital budgeting decisions are of paramount importance in financial decision making. Capital budgeting decisions pertain to fixed / long term assets which are in operation, and yield a return, over a period of time, usually exceeding one year. In other words, the system of capital budgeting is employed to evaluate expenditure decision, which involve concern outlays but are likely to produce benefits over a period of time longer the one year. These benefits may be either in the form of increased revenues or reduced costs.

Thus, capital budgeting is the

process of evaluating and selecting long term investments that are consists with the goal of shareholders or owner’s wealth maximization. Such decisions affect the profitability of firm.

There a five methods of appraising capital expenditure proposal. They are,

Pay Back Period Method Average Rate of Return Method Net present value Method Internal Rate of Return Method Profitability Index Method



Working Capital

Working capital is description of that capital which is not fixed but common use of working capital is to consider it is difference between the book value of current assets and current liabilities.

Gross working capital simply called as working capital refers to the firm’s investment in current assets

Working capital = Current assets – current liabilities

= 451423118 – 176368820

= 275044298



Profitability Ratio

Gross profit Gross Profit = --------------- x 100

Net Sales

648628621= -------------- x 100

691409903

= 93.81

Net profit Net Profit = --------------- x 100

Net Sales

54547660= -------------- x 100

691409903

= 7.89

Net profit Return on Total Assets = --------------- x 100

Total Assets

54547660= -------------- x 100

451413118

= 12.08



EXPORT CYCLE

Step : 1 - Inquiry from Customers.

Step : 2 - Check that whether the demanded / inquired product is standard or non-standard.

- Satandard product means bearings which are manufactured by AEC.

- Non standard product means bearings which are not manufactured previously or require modifications is existing bearings.

Step : 3 - Send a quotation to the Customer.

Step : 4 - Matching Terms & Codnitions.

Step : 5 - If terms & conditions are accepted both the sides, customer places a purchase order to the manufacturer.

Step : 6 - Preparation of Work Order.

Step : 7 - Manufacturing Activities.

Step : 8 - Packaging and Labeling.

Stap : 9 - Dispatching.

Step : 10 - Submission of Documents in Bank.

Step : 11 - Payment & Money Transfer.



STEPWISE STUDY OF EXPORT CYCLE

Step : 1 : Inquiry from Customers :- This is the first step in export activity.- Export activity starts with this step.- Here, AEC receives an e-mail inquiring for the

bearings of Various types.

- Here, a customer makes inquiry for the raw-material, precisionWork, assembling work, packaging etc.,

Step: 2 - Check that whether the demanded / inquired product is standard or non - standard.

- Standard product means bearings which are manufactured by AEC.

- Non standard product means bearings which are not manufacturedpreviously or require modifications is existing

bearings.

Step : 3 - Send Quotation to Customers :

- Here, the AEC sends quotation to the customers who had inquired for

bearings.- Here, the AEC in quotation, provides all the relevant I

nformation for inquired products.- In short, it is the answer given to the made inquiry.- Through a quotation, customers can get the clear

picture about the products.

Step : 4 : Matching Terms & Conditions :

- After having gone through the quotation, customers have the clear idea about the products.

- Now, its time for negotiation.- Here, both the parties negotiate for price of bearings,

quality and precision work, delivery and payment conditions etc.



- E.g. price of products, way of transporting the goods, insuranceand freights, mode of payment, credit period etc.,

- Here, both the parties as per their convenince, negotiate with each-other.

- Here, it may happen that there is a high degree of mismatch between two parties and they may refuse to trade.

- Here, it may happen that one and / or two parties may agree to terms & conditions or get adjusted with each other.

- At the end of the day, here each and every aspect is discussed anddecided in a specific manner, So that, it can’t give birth to problems in future.

Step : 5 :

- If terms & conditions are accepted both the sides, customer placesa purchase order to the manufacturer.

- Here, manufacturer sends an e-mail confirming the purchase order to the customer.

- This purchase order may differ from inquiry and quotation due to the acceptance of terms both the sides.

Step : 6 : Preparation of Work Order :

- Here, company is having an order of goods, to be supplied to the customer.

- Now, planning department of company starts its work.- Here, planning department first of all will check for

order status i.e. order contains which type of products and quantity of products.

- Thereafter planning department will check for availability of rawmaterial.



- In case of non-availability of relevant raw-material, the planningdepartment will manage for purchase and procurement of raw -material.

- Atlas, the planning department prepares a work order involving raw- material availability and makes a sequence of activities to be done

prior to manufacturing activity.

Step : 7 : Manufacturing Activity :

At this stage, all the things viz; raw material, arrangement of

machines, measurements, designs of bearings etc. are in ready

position.- Now, manufacturing department starts its work.- Here, all the necessary operations / functions are

performed by

workers in a specific way of production process.

- Here, Production process includes following enumerated tasks :

(1) Turning of races and turning of rollers. (2) Heat treatment. (3) Grinding of races and roller. (4) Trapping handling and super finishing. (5) Inspection and grading. (6) Assembling.

Step : 8 : Packaging and Labeling :

- Now, transformation of raw-material into finished goods is completed.

- Here, company is having final products with it.- Now, packaging department will separate various

bearings into



similar types of bearings.- Thereafter, these finished goods are weighed and

product weight is found out.- Threafter, weighed finished goods are put in simple

cases / boxesor in wooden cases / boxes as per customer’s desire confirmed well in advance at the time of terms & conditions.

- Thereafter, packed cases / boxes are labelledand they are givennumbers mor they are coded in other ways.

- At the end of this step, all the things are in ready position andfinished goods get ready to reach their destination.

Step : 9 : Dispatching :

- AEC is engaged with domestic as well as overseas market.

- AEC is having its segment wise sales as enumerated below.Export = 50%Domestic = 30%Replacement = 20%

- So far as domestic and replacement market is concerned, company supplies major portion of its goods by road transportation.

- But, here we shall emphasize more upon overseas market i.e. export.

- In overseas market, AEC delivers goods by dual way of transpiration. One is by way of water and second is by way of air.

- Here, first of all finished goods are transported to the place ofloading i.e. at a port or at an airport, whatever the case may be.

- Thereafter, custom officials check the goods a the place of loading & give a green signal for delivering the goods abroad subject to condition that there is no any illegal or malpractices.



- Thereafter forwarder agent transports these goods to the destination decided well in advance.

- At last at the end of the day, goods (bearings) manufactured byAEC are transported to the place of foreign customer.

Step : 10 : Submission of Documents in Bank :Invoice :- Invoice No.- Date- L/c No. (Incase of L.C.)- Shipment- Buyers Name & Address- Description of Order- RBI Code ( For Permission Fro RBI)- IE Code ( Import Export Code by GOI )- G.R. Form NO.- B/L No. & Date- Steamer Name- Cases ( Boxes )

Packing List & Weight List

- Invoice No.- Date- Items- Packing- BL NO.- Steamer Name- L.C. No.

* Bill of Lading or Airway BillInvoice :- Bill of Lading or Airway Bill No.- Consigner’s Name : (AEC)- Consignee Name- Place of Receipt- Port or Airport of Loading- Veasel Name of Flight Name



- Port or Airport of Discharge- Place of Delivery- Forwarding Agent Name- Packing Details

* Insurance Policy- Name of Insurance Company- Policy No.- Name of Insured- Commodity Description

* Orignal GSP Certificate- GSP = Generalised System of Preferences.- Exporter’s business name & address- Consignee’s name & address country- Means of transport and route

* Certificate of Origin- Exporter’s name & address- Consignee’s name & address- Veassel / Flight no.- Post of dicharge- Port of loading- Final destination- Marks & Nos container- No. & kinds of pkg- Description of goods

Step - 11 : Payment & Money Transfer :

- This is the last stage in export activity.- Export activity comes to an end with this stage.- When consignee receives his goods fro the port or

airport, it makes consigner form inform about the delivery of the goods.

- Here, payment is made by consignee as decided in advance and Completes a transaction with consigner.



STUDY OF EXPORT FIGURES WITH CORRELATION

Correlation :

While studying two variables at the smae time, if it is found that the change in one variable is reciprocated by a corresponding change in the other variable either directly or inversely, then the two variables are known to be associated or correlated.

TYPES OF CORRELATION:

(1)Positive Correlation :

If two variables move in the same direction i.e. an increase ( or decrease) on the part of one variable introduces on increase (or decrease ) on the part of other variable, then the two variable, then the two variable are known to be positively correlated.

• If =I, there is a perfect positive correlation.• If 0 < r < l, there is a partial positive correlation.

(2)Negavtive Correlation :

It two variables move in the opposite directioni.e. an increase ( or decrease ) on the part of one variable result a decrease ( or an increase ) on the part of the other variable, then the two variables are known to have a negative correlation.

• If r = 1, there is a perfect negative correlation.• If - 1 > r > 0, there is a partial negative

correlation.(3)Lack of Correlation :

The two variables are known to be uncorrelated if the movement on the part of one variable doesn’t produce any movement of the other variable in a particular direction.

If r = 0, there is lack of correlation.



STRENGTH

• The directors are well experienced and technically qualified with well succession plan.

• The company is in this line of business for more than 32 years and enjoys its brand name in the market.

• The company has wide market network with established customer base.

• The company is able to obtain skilled workers at comparatively lower cost.

• The company is a profit making and self-performance are improving year after year.

WEAKNESS

• The industry is highly capital intensive and as such operating at the minimum economic volume assumes greater significance.

• A decline in the capacity utilization would lead to a major negative impact on the operational parameters considering the huge initial capital outlay.

• The manufacturers are facing a threat from the spurious parts manufacturer who manufacture duplicate parts and sell them in the names of popular brands in the replacement market at a very low price.

• Stell and alloy steel are the basic raw-material for the bearing industry and their prices are expected the upward trend in the coming future.

• A serious threat is being faced from imports due to decline induty rates and at the same time, domestic manufacturers are subject to the increased levies.

• Higher inventory holding also lead to increase indirect cost.



CONCLUSION

(1)This report shows the analysis of survey, conducted to know the satisfaction level of customers.

(2)This report is all about the whole procedure of exports. Thus, it becomes useful to understand the export activity properly.

(3) In this report, scientific methods are used in the research. So, that it serves reliability.

(4)At the end of the day, we came into contact with many export related terms.

(5)Besides all, we experienced the corporate workings practically.
