australian astronomy mnrf symposium atnf marsfield, 8 june 2004 gemini overview warrick couch –...
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Australian Astronomy MNRF Symposium
ATNF Marsfield, 8 June 2004
Gemini OverviewWarrick Couch – Aus Gemini
Scientist• Gemini instrumentation program – current and near-term
• Future Gemini instrumentation – the Aspen process
• Gemini Science Meeting 2004
• Australian usage of the Gemini telescopes
• Australian scientific output from Gemini
Australian Astronomy MNRF Symposium
ATNF Marsfield, 8 June 2004
Gemini’s instrumentation program – current and near-term
Mauna Kea
Cerro Pachon
Instrument Instrument SummarySummary
Baseline Modes CommissionedAbout to be Commissioned
Instrument Under Development
GMOSGNIRST-ReCSbHROSNICIFLAMINGOS-2GSAOIGSAO
GMOSNIRIMICHELLEALTAIR+LGSNIFS (V2)
Arriving in 2005!
Current Capabilities Current Capabilities ComparisonComparison
Near Infrared InstrumentsGemin
iNotes VLT Notes Keck Notes Subar
uNotes
NIRI 20”50”
120”
NAOS 60” NIRC2 10”20”40”
IRCS 60”
NIRI R~1000
ISAAC R~500-3000
NIRC2 R~5000
CIAO 20”
GNIRS R~600 to
18000
NAOS R~400-1500
NIRSPEC R~2000-
25000
IRCS R~100-2000
ImagerSpectrometer
Current Capabilities Current Capabilities ComparisonComparison
Mid Infrared InstrumentsGemin
iNotes VLT Notes Keck Notes Subar
uNotes
MICHELLE 15” MIDI Interf. LWS R~100-1400
COMICS 35”
T-ReCS 15” COMICS R~250-8500
MICHELLE R~200-3000
T-ReCS R~100-1000
ImagerSpectrometer
Stop Press: Gem-S now the world’s first 8m telescope with a silvered primary!
Ag
Al
• 4-layer ‘composite’ coating used
• Reflectivity at 880nm measured to be 96.3%
• Emissivity at 3.8m is 1.3%
31 May 2004: M1 on Gem-S successfully coated with silver
ATNF Marsfield, 8 June 2004
Australian Astronomy MNRF Symposium
Australian Astronomy MNRF Symposium
ATNF Marsfield, 8 June 2004
Future Gemini instrumentation
- the Aspen process -
“ defining the Gemini partnership’s scientific visions for the latter half of this decade (and beyond) and hence determining the next generation of instruments for its telescopes…”
20042003 2005
Aspen 2003 Aspen 2003 WorkshopWorkshop
Meeting held in June 2003 Attended by ~100
astronomers which represented interests of many more astronomers world wide
Key product of the meeting was a set of fundamental questions in astronomy that would serve as the basis of the scientific strategic plan for the Observatory
MAT
TER
ENERGY
LIFE
20042003 2005
Aspen 2003 Aspen 2003 WorkshopWorkshop
Matter How do galaxies form? What is the nature of dark
matter on galactic scales? What is the relationship
between super massive black holes and galaxies?
Energy What is dark energy? How did the cosmic “dark age”
end? Life
How common are extrasolar planets, including earth-like planets?
How do star and planetary systems form?
How do stars process elements into the chemical building blocks of life?
20042003 2005
Gemini Science Gemini Science Committee 2003 Committee 2003 MeetingMeeting
List of potential new instruments needed to address science questions posed at Aspen was discussed at the October 2003 GSC meeting Merged with rough cost
estimates and an upper envelope for the total budget
Prioritized list was defined Recommended 2 instruments
carried forward via design studies and 2 carried forward via feasibility studies Design studies lead to
construction contracts Feasibility studies lead to
design studies
New Instruments Extreme AO Coronagraph High Resolution NIR Spectrometer Wide Field Fiber-Fed Optical
Spectrometer GLAO NIR Imager GLAO NIR Spectrometer Optical IFU Spectrometer Optical High Resolution
Spectrometer High Resolution MIR Spectrometer MCAO fed NIR MOS Wide Field Optical MOS AO-fed NIR Spectrometer
New Facilities GLAO System including Adaptive
Secondary f/6 Telescope Configuration (1
telescope)
20042003 2005
Gemini Science Gemini Science Committee 2003 Committee 2003 MeetingMeeting
List of potential new instruments needed to address science questions posed at Aspen was discussed at the October 2003 GSC meeting Merged with rough cost
estimates and an upper envelope for the total budget
Prioritized list was defined Recommended 2 instruments
carried forward via design studies and 2 carried forward via feasibility studies Design studies lead to
construction contracts Feasibility studies lead to
design studies
New Instruments Extreme AO Coronagraph High Resolution NIR Spectrometer Wide Field Fiber-Fed Optical
Spectrometer GLAO NIR Imager GLAO NIR Spectrometer Optical IFU Spectrometer Optical High Resolution
Spectrometer High Resolution MIR Spectrometer MCAO fed NIR MOS Wide Field Optical MOS AO-fed NIR Spectrometer
New Facilities GLAO System including Adaptive
Secondary f/6 Telescope Configuration (1
telescope)
20042003 2005
Gemini Science Gemini Science Committee 2003 Committee 2003 MeetingMeeting
List of potential new instruments needed to address science questions posed at Aspen was discussed at the October 2003 GSC meeting Merged with rough cost
estimates and an upper envelope for the total budget
Prioritized list was defined Recommended 2 instruments
carried forward via design studies and 2 carried forward via feasibility studies Design studies lead to
construction contracts Feasibility studies lead to
design studies
New Instruments Extreme AO Coronagraph High Resolution NIR Spectrometer Wide Field Fiber-Fed Optical
Spectrometer GLAO NIR Imager GLAO NIR Spectrometer Optical IFU Spectrometer Optical High Resolution
Spectrometer High Resolution MIR Spectrometer MCAO fed NIR MOS Wide Field Optical MOS AO-fed NIR Spectrometer
New Facilities GLAO System including Adaptive
Secondary f/6 Telescope Configuration (1
telescope)
20042003 2005
2003 Gemini Board 2003 Gemini Board MeetingMeeting
GSC recommendations endorsed 3-stage development program
proposed/endorsed by the Board Begin design studies for an
Extreme Adaptive Optics Coronagraph (ExAOC) and High Resolution Near Infrared Spectrometer (HRNIRS)
Begin feasibility studies for a Wide Field Optical Fiber-fed MOS (WFMOS) and Ground Layer Adaptive Optics (GLAO) system
Examine options for pursuing science goals identified in Aspen via modifications to existing/planned instruments and/or visitor instruments
0
2,000,000
4,000,000
6,000,000
8,000,000
10,000,000
12,000,000
14,000,000
16,000,000
18,000,000
20,000,000
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
~$64M
$
Near Term Instrument Near Term Instrument Development TimelineDevelopment Timeline
Issued Announcements of Opportunity for new Aspen instruments in December 2003
Triggered broad response within our instrumentation community
From Gemini’s Web Page
20042003 2005
Near Term Instrument Near Term Instrument Development TimelineDevelopment Timeline
“Scientific Horizons at the Gemini Observatory” completed Encapsulates the scientific
aspirations of our community and, through its completion, closes a key “chapter” in the Aspen Process
The Gemini Partnership is particularly indebted to the Aspen group chairs, who worked tirelessly, in close collaboration with Gemini, to produce this document
20042003 2005
Near Term Instrument Near Term Instrument Development TimelineDevelopment Timeline
Proposals submitted to Gemini and reviewed by Source Selection Board (SSB)
SSB scored proposals and recommended which teams should be funded to carry forward studies for the ExAOC, HRNIRS, WFMOS, and GLAO
In the process of putting 8 teams under contract now…
20042003 2005
Including one led by AAO to do GWFMOS feasibility study
Near Term Instrument Near Term Instrument Development TimelineDevelopment Timeline
All design and feasibility studies due end of January 2005 Design studies will be reviewed by expert
panels that will recommend a down-select to a single team to go forward with ExAOC and HRNIRS
Feasibility studies will be reviewed though no competitive down-select process required
Entire process enters a “built in hold” state to assess options and determine which, if any, of the instruments should be pursued via follow-on contracts
20042003 2005
High Resolution NIR High Resolution NIR SpectrometerSpectrometer
Design Requirements Single-slit cross-dispersed mode
0.2 arcsec spatial sampling Slit length ~3 arcsec One-shot wavelength coverage as
large as possible Spectral resolution R~70,000
Absorption cell for precision radial velocity measurements
Multi-object MCAO-fed spectrometer Spatial sampling 0.05 arcsec 2 arcmin field of view Spectral resolution R~30,000 Multiplex gain of 15-30
Wavelength range 1.1 to 5 m Built in wave front sensor Pipeline processing
Tinney to Chair SWG
Wide Field Fiber Fed Wide Field Fiber Fed Optical Multi-Object Optical Multi-Object SpectrometerSpectrometer
Design Requirements Wide field of view 1.5 deg
Multiplex gain of 4000-5000 Wavelength coverage 0.39 to
1.0 m Spectral resolution R~1000 to
30,000 “Slit lengths” (fiber footprint)
of ~1 arcsec One-shot wavelength
coverage of 0.4 m Prime focus fiber feed to
individual spectrographs Pipeline processing
Boyle & Freeman on SWG; Colless a liason
Australian Astronomy MNRF Symposium
ATNF Marsfield, 8 June 2004
Gemini Science Meeting 200423-26 May, Vancouver
•Aim: to showcase the scientific results obtained with Gemini in its first 4 years of operation + to foster scientific collaboration throughout the partnership
•Format:3-day meeting with 60 talks + 21 poster papers presented (with sessions covering complete range of astrophysical areas)
•Additional meetings held in conjunction: Gemini “Users”, “NGO” and “PIO” meetings
•Participation: 130 astronomers from all of the partner countries (9 from Australia)
Australian Astronomy MNRF Symposium
ATNF Marsfield, 8 June 2004
Australian participation in GemSci2004
A. Melatos (UMelb)
M. Whiting (UNSW)
P. Francis (RSAA)
S. Ryder (AAO)
R. Wayth (UMelb)
•5 talks in the science meeting; Croom/Boyle “QSO host” study also featured as a talk (by D. Schade, Ca)
•2 poster papers in the science meeting (by Da Costa and Pracy/Couch)
•1 invited talk at the Users’ meeting (P. McGregor – NIFS & GSAOI)
•2 reps at the NGO meeting (Ryder & Whiting)
Australian Astronomy MNRF Symposium
ATNF Marsfield, 8 June 2004
Australian Usage of the Gemini Telescopes
…as measured through the submission of proposals to the Australian Time Assignment Committee (ATAC), which allocates Australia’s share of time on the Gemini telescopes.
0
50
100
150
01A 01B 02A 02B 03A 03B 04A 04B
hour
s
0
50
100
150
200
250
01B 02A 02B 03A 03B 04A 04B
0
1
2
3
01A 01B 02A 02B 03A 03B 04A 04B
over
-su
b f
acto
r
0
1
2
3
4
5
01B 02A 02B 03A 03B 04A 04B
Gemini North Gemini South
availreq
Time available/requested: the 1st four years
Australian Astronomy MNRF Symposium
ATNF Marsfield, 8 June 2004
RSAA37%
UNSW19%
Melb12%
Swinb12%
AAO8%
Syd8%
UQ3%
Other1%
Demand by institution (proposal nos.)
Australian Astronomy MNRF Symposium
ATNF Marsfield, 8 June 2004
Australian publications from Gemini Publications per country of first author
1
3
10
1
4
1 1
6
3
18
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
Belgium Brazil Canada France Gemini Germany Korea UK UofH USA
Country
Nu
mb
er
of
Pu
bli
ca
tio
ns
Dec 2003
Australian Astronomy MNRF Symposium
ATNF Marsfield, 8 June 2004
Australian publications from Gemini
But runs at last on the board in 2004:
•Croom et al. 2004, “Gemini imaging of QSO host galaxies at z~2”, Ap.J., 606, 126.
•Melatos et al. 2004, “Rapid variability of subarcsecond shock structure in the Crab Nebula”, Ap.J. (submitted).
•Forbes et al. 2004, “Gemini/GMOS photometry of globular clusters in the Virgo galaxy NGC4649”, MNRAS (submitted).
+Stanway, Glazebrook,…..Boyle, Colless, Couch et al. 2004, “Three Ly emitters at z~6: Early Gemini/GMOS data from the GLARE project”, Ap.J., 604, L13.
Australian Astronomy MNRF Symposium
ATNF Marsfield, 8 June 2004
Program status No. of programs % of programs
Fully completed 12 21
Partially completed 20 35
No data obtained – weather/position in queue
11 19
No data obtained – telescope/inst problems
14 25
Total 57 100
● Completion rate of Australian Gemini queue programs:
● Average time request/allocation is small: 8.25hrs
Two factors to ponder:
Australian Astronomy MNRF Symposium
ATNF Marsfield, 8 June 2004
Schedule for instruments coming on-line until 2006Gemini North Gemini South
02
03
04
05
06
Hokupa’a-36,OSCIR, NIRI
GMOS-N
MICHELLE
ALTAIR(NGS), (NIFS)
ALTAIR (LGS)
AcqCam, Flamingos-1
Phoenix
CIRPASS
GMOS-S, T-ReCSb-HROSGNIRS, Hokupa’a-85
NICI
GSAO (NGS), GSAO-ImagerFlamingos-2GSAO (LGS), MCAO
Functionality at different wavelengths
UV-Optical Near-IR Mid-IR
Gemini-North
GMOS– l/slit, MOS, IFU spectrograph & imager
Hokupa’a – Adaptive Optics (AO) imager
OSCIR – imager & low resoln spectrograph
NIRI – imager & low-resoln spectrograph
Michelle – imager & low/ med resoln spectrograph
Gemini-SouthAcqCam – CCD camera for BVRI imaging
Flamingos-I – long-slit, MOS spectrograph & imager
Phoenix – high resoln spectrograph
CIRPASS – IFU spect’graph
Functionality at different wavelengths
UV-Optical Near-IR Mid-IR
Gemini-North
GMOS– l/slit, MOS, IFU spectrograph & imager
Hokupa’a – Adaptive Optics (AO) imager
OSCIR – imager & low resoln spectrograph
NIRI – imager & low-resoln spectrograph
Michelle – imager & low/ med resoln spectrograph
Gemini-SouthAcqCam – CCD camera for BVRI imaging
Flamingos-I – long-slit, MOS spectrograph & imager
Phoenix – high resoln spectrograph
CIRPASS – IFU spect’graph
Australian Membership of the International Gemini Partnership
ARC Review of LIEF support, Sydney Univ, 20 March 2003
Scientific usage by Australian researchers
Australian Membership of the International Gemini Partnership
ARC Review of LIEF support, Sydney Univ, 20 March 2003
Institution No. of researchers No. of proposals % of proposals
ANU 13.5 25.5 40
UNSW 6 12 19
Swinburne 5 7 10
AAO 4 4 6
USyd 3 4 6
UMelb 2.5 9 14
Macquarie 2 1 2
Monash 1 0 0
UQld 0.5 1 2
ATNF 0.5 0.5 1
Total 38 64 100
Australian demand for Gemini (2001 - 2003) :
Australian Membership of the International Gemini Partnership
ARC Review of LIEF support, Sydney Univ, 20 March 2003
Gemini-North Gemini-South Both telescopes
No. of proposals received
45 19 64
Time requested (hrs)
356 131 487
Time available (hrs)
184 92 276
Oversubscription factor
1.93 1.43 1.76
No. of proposals allocated time
29 17 46
Australian demand for Gemini (2001 - 2003) :
Australian Membership of the International Gemini Partnership
ARC Review of LIEF support, Sydney Univ, 20 March 2003
Science area Number of proposals % of proposals
Cosmology, high-redshift galaxies
24 37
Extragalactic astronomy
20 31
Stellar properties & evolution
8 13
Star formation 6 9
Active galactic nuclei
5 8
Pulsars/neutron stars
1 2
Australian Gemini proposals according to science area:
Australian Membership of the International Gemini Partnership
ARC Review of LIEF support, Sydney Univ, 20 March 2003
Country No. of institutions No. of researchers
USA 22 41
UK 8 21
Canada 4 5
Germany 3 6
France 2 2
Chile 1 7
Gemini Obs. 1 2
Italy 1 1
Belgium 1 1
Netherlands 1 1
Japan 1 1
Argentina 1 1
International links and collaborations:
Australian Membership of the International Gemini Partnership
ARC Review of LIEF support, Sydney Univ, 20 March 2003
Australian management structure
Australian Membership of the International Gemini Partnership
ARC Review of LIEF support, Sydney Univ, 20 March 2003
Key elements of Australian management structure
Gemini Board Member
Gemini Steering Committee
Gemini Science Advisory Committee
Gemini Scientist & Gemini Office
•Appointed by Australian Government; 3 year term
•Attend IGP Board meetings and represent the interests of the ARC and Australian users
•chair the Australian Gemini Steering Committee
Dr Gary Da Costa (ANU)
•Appointed by Australian Government; comprises 9 members
•Advise the Australian Government on all matters relating to Australian membership of the IGP
•Oversee the operation of the Australian Gemini Office
•Appoint the Australian Gemini Scientist and the Gemini Science Advisory Committee
•Advise the Australian Gemini Scientist on all matters relating to the scientific exploitation of Gemini be Australian users
•Comprises 13 members, 10 of which are selected to be broadly representative of the entire spectrum of Australian scientific and instrumental interests in Gemini
•Liaise with and be the main point of contact with the IGP and other National Gemini Offices on all scientific, operational, instrument matters
•Promote, foster and support the use of Gemini facilities by Australian researchers.
Prof. Warrick Couch (UNSW)
Australian Membership of the International Gemini Partnership
ARC Review of LIEF support, Sydney Univ, 20 March 2003
In addition, there is…..
Australian Time Assignment Committee
(ATAC)
•Officially formed by DEST
•Peer reviews applications from Australian astronomers for time on the Gemini telescopes (as well as the 3.9m Anglo-Australian Telescope)
•Makes recommendations for allocations of time to the Gemini ITAC
Australian Membership of the International Gemini Partnership
ARC Review of LIEF support, Sydney Univ, 20 March 2003
Australian Gemini Office/Scientist responsibilities in more detail….
•Support Australian proposal submission (Phase I) process, including technical assessment of all proposals
•Support Australian observers through observation definition (Phase II) process
•Support Gemini Help Desk, responding to all queries from Australian users
These tasks currently ‘distributed’ across institutions in Sydney (UNSW, USyd, AAO)
and likely to be spread more widely as number of Gemini instruments/users
increases
Australian Membership of the International Gemini Partnership
ARC Review of LIEF support, Sydney Univ, 20 March 2003
•Maintain a national Gemini website with up to date information on all relevant Gemini activities; maintain a mirror site for the IGP web pages (UNSW/ANU)
•Promote Gemini capabilities within Australia (UNSW/ATNF/AAO)
•Provide Australian representation in all scientific, operational, and engineering/instrumentation IGP activities (UNSW, UMelb, ANU)
Australian Gemini Office/Scientist responsibilities in more detail….