australian battery performance standard project · 2019-06-20 · australian battery performance...
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AustralianBatteryPerformanceStandardProject
Webinar210:30- 11:30AM,Thu20June2019
ThisprojectisfundedbyARENA’sAdvancingRenewablesProgramandtheVictorianGovernment’sNewEnergyJobsFund.
Projectwebsite:www.dnvgl.com/cases/australian-battery-performance-testing-standard-project-abps-project--143069
Wearerecording…
Availablewithin24hrs
AustralianBatteryPerformanceStandardProjectWebinar2- Thu20June2019
ThisprojectisfundedbyARENA’sAdvancingRenewablesProgramandtheVictorianGovernment’sNewEnergyJobsFund.
10:30-10:35 Welcome– SmartEnergyCouncil
10:35-10:45 BatteryPerformanceStandardProjectIntroductionandStatusUpdate
– FelixLiebrich,SeniorEngineer,ProjectEngineering,DNVGLAustralia
10:45-11:10 Batterytestingpathwayframework
– DrAnandBhatt,ResearchTeamLeader,AdvancedEnergyStorage
Technologies,CSIROEnergy
11:10-11:25 Q&A
11.25-11.30 Concludingremarks– SmartEnergyCouncil
AustralianBatteryPerformanceStandardProjectWebinar2- Thu20June2019
ThisprojectisfundedbyARENA’sAdvancingRenewablesProgramandtheVictorianGovernment’sNewEnergyJobsFund.
FelixLiebrichSeniorEngineer,ProjectEngineering
DNVGLAustralia
20 June 2019DNV GL © SAFER, SMARTER, GREENER
20 June 2019Felix Liebrich (DNV GL)
ENERGY
Australian battery performance standard project Proposed performance standard for a battery storage system connected to a domestic/small commercial solar PV system
ABPS Webinar #02
20 June 2019DNV GL ©
ABPS Project overview: Objectives
§ To produce a draft Performance Standard, for Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS) connected to domestic/small commercial PV systems (max. 100kW / 200kWh).
§ The Draft Standard will define a series of performance testing protocols & performance metric reporting methods for manufacturers and system integrators.
§ This is to ensure that end users are better informed regarding the expected performance of a BESS for specific use-cases, in order to compare systems on a like-for-like basis.
§ Following its completion, the Draft Standard will be submitted to Standards Australia, to begin the process of making it a formal Australian Standard.
§ In the interim, it will be released as a recommended practice for early adoption by industry
2
20 June 2019DNV GL ©
ABPS Project overview: Project partners
The Project Consortium is made up of the following partners:
§ CSIRO
§ Deakin University
§ Smart Energy Council
§ DNV GL (Project lead)
This Project received funding from ARENA as part of ARENA’s Advancing Renewables Program and the Victorian Government through the New Energy Jobs Fund.
3
20 June 2019DNV GL ©
ABPS Project overview: Intended users of the Standard
1. Primary – Manufacturers/system integrators of batteries and battery energy storage
systems. To provide recommended practices for the testing of battery energy storage
system components and the associated reporting requirements (documentation) to be
provided to End-users.
2. Secondary – End-users: to enable End-users to make informed choices regarding the
performance of different BESS available in the market, with respect to the intended
application. Also, to provide confidence that performance metrics reported are relevant
and are comparable between different manufacturer’s systems.
4
20 June 2019DNV GL ©
ABPS Project overview: Scope
Stage 1: (First 6 months)
§ A comprehensive gap analysis of existing local & international energy storage performance standards
§ High level draft framework for the proposed standard
§ Review of ITP renewables results data to help inform stage 2 activities.
Stage 2:
§ Development of performance metrics & test protocols
§ Battery performance testing to prove draft standard methods are appropriate, refining as required
§ Development and verification of a generic battery capacity estimation methodology
§ Development of recommended criteria to select a battery management system (BMS)
§ Development of a process to identify performance related hazards
§ Recommend minimum set of information for material safety data sheet (MSDS)
5
Kicked-off:
21 June 2018
(2 year approx. time
frame)
20 June 2019DNV GL ©
ABPS current project status: Milestones & dates
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Milestone Description Due Status
1 Project establishment 31/7/2018 Completed
1.A Battery procurement 28/10/2018 Completed
2 Stage 1 completion 30/11/2018 Completed
3 Initial progress on stage 2 activities 30/06/2019 In progress
4 Substantial progress on stage 2 activities 30/11/2019 Yet to be completed
5 Project completion 31/05/2020 Yet to be completed
20 June 2019DNV GL ©
ABPS current project status: Deliverables
7
Key deliverable Status Responsible party
Test batteries selected & procured Completed CSIRO
Standards gap analysis Completed DNV GL
High level proposed standard Completed DNV GL
ITP data analysis Completed Deakin
Battery calibration Completed CSIRO
Literature review of battery capacity estimation methodologies
Completed Deakin
20 June 2019DNV GL ©
ABPS current project status: Deliverables
8
Key deliverable Status Responsible party
Verification of battery capacity estimation methodology using ITP data
Completed Deakin
Verification of battery capacity estimation methodology utilising CSIRO data
Not completed yet Deakin
Battery testing In progress CSIRO
First and second battery test reports In progress CSIRO
Battery performance metrics and load report In progress CSIRO
20 June 2019DNV GL ©
ABPS Milestone 2: Standards review – the high level approach
Objectives§ Comprehensive gap analysis on existing local & international energy storage performance
standards
§ Understand and communicate the current framework and coverage
§ Avoid reproduction of work already completed
§ Identify areas where efforts are needed and should be focused to maximise value
The approach§ 285 standards, codes, best practices collated
§ 124 standards, codes, best practices short listed
§ Standard review template sheet developed
§ Content reviewed by teams in EU, USA & AUS against the standard review template
9
20 June 2019DNV GL ©
ABPS Milestone 3: Development & testing of performance standards
Objectives§ Main objective of this milestone is to develop the performance metrics and environmental testing
profiles
§ Validate & optimise them by testing them with the procured batteries
Status§ Initial performance metrics have been defined
§ Environmental testing profiles have been developed§ Testing will begin this month
-> The battery testing pathways will be detailed by CSIRO shortly
10
20 June 2019DNV GL ©
ABPS: Project websites
§ Websites for the Australian Battery Standard project:–DNV GL: https://www.dnvgl.com/cases/australian-battery-performance-testing-
standard-project-abps-project--143069
– CSIRO: https://research.csiro.au/abps/
§ Reports will be available on these websites soon
11
20 June 2019DNV GL ©
SAFER, SMARTER, GREENER
www.dnvgl.com
Thank you
12
Felix Liebrich, Senior Engineer, Project [email protected]: +61 3 9600 1993
AustralianBatteryPerformanceStandardProjectWebinar2- Thu20June2019
ThisprojectisfundedbyARENA’sAdvancingRenewablesProgramandtheVictorianGovernment’sNewEnergyJobsFund.
DrAnandBhattResearchTeamLeader,
AdvancedEnergyStorageTechnologies,CSIROEnergy
Battery Testing Pathway Framework
CSIRO ENERGY
Webinar 2Anand I Bhatt, Christopher Munnings and Anthony Hollenkamp| Research Team Leader and Senior Scientists
23 November 2018
Solar Generation in Australia
• Australia has high levels of solar irradiance
• Solar generation is a favoured renewables generation mode
• Market has been moving from off-grid/remote systems toward grid connected due to rising electricity costs
• The Solar industry is looking at battery energy storage to increase sales
• Numerous methods in literature to evaluate batteries for PV connection
How to evaluate batteries for performance
Method Solar profile Battery parameters DoD Estimated or predicted lifetimeHOMER Smoothed solar bell curve (no intermittency) 2V, 3000Ah, 86% round trip efficiency,
70% max DoDSetpoint of 80% SoC (20% DoD) Approx. 8000 cycles
C/5 and C/10 discharges Solar generator for a bell curve with intermittency
54Ah flooded and 50Ah tubular plates lead acid batteries
0-100% SoC 600 (flooded) – 1400 (tubular) IEC cycles
Shiffer weighted AhAverage full equivalent cyclesRainflow cycle counting
Standalone PVAveraged hourly data
Household:2V, 546Ah,
10% DoD up to 90% DoD 7000 to 1500 cycles
Steady charge and discharge currents.
None – assume solar input is a constant current rate
Tubular plates and constant load 80% DoD 6-12 years for telecom applications
PV battery cycle life test procedure
Initial charge, capacity, 25 sustaining charge cycles, 6 deficit charge cycles, 10-20 recovery cycles, 40-50 sustaining charge cycles
12V VRLA, AGM or flooded type. C/35 charge/discharge rates
20% DoD 182 to 1001 cycles (up to 2.74 years)
● IEC 61427● Chinese Guo Biao standard
● 50 cycles of 30%DoD (5-35% SoC), 100 cycles at 75-100% SoC● 50 cycles at 0.2 C/10 current, full discharge at C/10 and capacity, chage at C/10 and hold cell voltage at 2.35V for 3 h ● Smoothed solar bell curve
● 2V, 500Ah VRLA ● 2V 300 Ah
●30% DoD and 25% DoD●40% DoD (60-100% SoC)
● 1050 cycles● 1100 cycles (3 years)
Not stated Not stated ● Vanadium redox● Li-ion● NaS● NiCd● polysulfide-bromide● zinc-bromine● NiMH● lead-acid
33% to 100% DoD range Cycles:● 8000-2800● 7000-3000● 5000-2300● 1500-300● 9000-10000● 3000-1500● 1200-600● 1000-320
• Numerous methods in literature to evaluate batteries for PV connection
How to evaluate batteries for performance
Method Solar profile Battery parameters DoD Estimated or predicted lifetimeHOMER Smoothed solar bell curve (no intermittency) 2V, 3000Ah, 86% round trip efficiency,
70% max DoDSetpoint of 80% SoC (20% DoD) Approx. 8000 cycles
C/5 and C/10 discharges Solar generator for a bell curve with intermittency
54Ah flooded and 50Ah tubular plates lead acid batteries
0-100% SoC 600 (flooded) – 1400 (tubular) IEC cycles
Shiffer weighted AhAverage full equivalent cyclesRainflow cycle counting
Standalone PVAveraged hourly data
Household:2V, 546Ah,
10% DoD up to 90% DoD 7000 to 1500 cyclyes
Steady charge and discharge currents.
None – assume solar input is a constant current rate
Tubular plates and constant load 80% DoD 6-12 years for telecom applications
PV battery cycle life test procedure
Initial charge, capacity, 25 sustaining charge cycles, 6 deficit charge cycles, 10-20 recovery cycles, 40-50 sustaining charge cycles
12V VRLA, AGM or flooded type. C/35 charge/discharge rates
20% DoD 182 to 1001 cycles (up to 2.74 years)
● IEC 61427● Chinese Guo Biao standard
● 50 cycles of 30%DoD (5-35% SoC), 100 cycles at 75-100% SoC● 50 cycles at 0.2 C/10 current, full discharge at C/10 and capacity, chage at C/10 and hold cell voltage at 2.35V for 3 h ● Smoothed solar bell curve
● 2V, 500Ah VRLA ● 2V 300 Ah
●30% DoD and 25% DoD●40% DoD (60-100% SoC)
● 1050 cycles● 1100 cycles (3 years)
Not stated Not stated ● Vanadium redox● Li-ion● NaS● NiCd● polysulfide-bromide● zinc-bromine● NiMH● lead-acid
33% to 100% DoD range Cycles:● 8000-2800● 7000-3000● 5000-2300● 1500-300● 9000-10000● 3000-1500● 1200-600● 1000-320
Pb-acid – 180 to 8000 cycles depending on method
• Numerous methods in literature to evaluate batteries for PV connection
How to evaluate batteries for performance
Method Solar profile Battery parameters DoD Estimated or predicted lifetimeHOMER Smoothed solar bell curve (no intermittency) 2V, 3000Ah, 86% round trip efficiency,
70% max DoDSetpoint of 80% SoC (20% DoD) Approx. 8000 cycles
C/5 and C/10 discharges Solar generator for a bell curve with intermittency
54Ah flooded and 50Ah tubular plates lead acid batteries
0-100% SoC 600 (flooded) – 1400 (tubular) IEC cycles
Shiffer weighted AhAverage full equivalent cyclesRainflow cycle counting
Standalone PVAveraged hourly data
Household:2V, 546Ah,
10% DoD up to 90% DoD 7000 to 1500 cyclyes
Steady charge and discharge currents.
None – assume solar input is a constant current rate
Tubular plates and constant load 80% DoD 6-12 years for telecom applications
PV battery cycle life test procedure
Initial charge, capacity, 25 sustaining charge cycles, 6 deficit charge cycles, 10-20 recovery cycles, 40-50 sustaining charge cycles
12V VRLA, AGM or flooded type. C/35 charge/discharge rates
20% DoD 182 to 1001 cycles (up to 2.74 years)
● IEC 61427● Chinese Guo Biao standard
● 50 cycles of 30%DoD (5-35% SoC), 100 cycles at 75-100% SoC● 50 cycles at 0.2 C/10 current, full discharge at C/10 and capacity, chage at C/10 and hold cell voltage at 2.35V for 3 h ● Smoothed solar bell curve
● 2V, 500Ah VRLA ● 2V 300 Ah
●30% DoD and 25% DoD●40% DoD (60-100% SoC)
● 1050 cycles● 1100 cycles (3 years)
Not stated Not stated ● Vanadium redox● Li-ion● NaS● NiCd● polysulfide-bromide● zinc-bromine● NiMH● lead-acid
33% to 100% DoD range Cycles:● 8000-2800● 7000-3000● 5000-2300● 1500-300● 9000-10000● 3000-1500● 1200-600● 1000-320
Li-ion – 2000 to 8000 cycles depending on method
• Different methods for testing producing differing results
• Creates confusion for:– Consumers– Retailers/industry– Finance etc.
• Only true method to evaluate battery for lifetime is:
– Plug in system and run for lifetime!• Need alternative method to estimate
performance in an industrially acceptable timeframe
How to evaluate batteries for performance
Standardised testing solution
• The problem: current method of performance measurement are not standard and creates confusion
• The solution:• Standardised performance evaluation method and conditions for all battery
systems– Application specific– Battery technology agnostic– Applicable to all levels from cell through to system– Validated through example laboratory evaluations
Testing profile development• Identify different applications in residential to light
commercial space• Use real life data (where available) to develop a
simulated “application cycle”• Identify performance metrics applicable to these
cycles, for example:• Cycle life (charge/discharge based)• Energy throughput• Power • Depth of Discharge range• Temperature range• Etc.
• Propose performance metrics for each drive cycle/application
• Evaluate battery and ensure metrics are suitable for use
Unique Australia
Median min (top) and max (bottom) temperatures 1981-2010
(a) Cycle number of lead acid and NiMH batteries in vehicle applications at temperature (b) Effect of
unregulated temperature on a lead acid battery cycle
Environmental profile development
• Analysis of 109 weather stations across Australia
• Historical analysis from 1910 to 2017 conducted
• Weather station location covers major population density areas in Australia
• Sufficient data to provide high level of confidence
Environmental profile development
• High resolution data was utilised• Highest temperature recorded and
lowest temperature recorded for each day
• Time period of 1 Jan 1910 to 31 Dec 2017
• Data analysis conducted as a function of season to ensure accuracy
Environmental profile development
• Data analysis ensures Australia’s differing climate zones are accounted for.
Environmental profile development
Average temperature / °C
State/Territory Autumn Winter Spring Summer Lowest Highest
NSW and ACT 5.4 to 27.5 -1.1 to 19.9 3.1 to 28.5 9.3 to 35.1 -1.1 35.1
NT 12.2 to 34.1 4.1 to 30.4 13.4 to 37.3 20.5 to 37.0 4.1 37.3
QLD 12.5 to 32.7 4.5 to 30.9 11.6 to 35.4 18.0 to 38.0 4.5 38.0
SA 9.2 to 29.9 4.6 to 21.6 6.9 to 31.7 13.0 to 38.0 4.6 31.7
TAS 3.7 to 18.1 0.4 to 13.7 2.8 to 17.4 6.3 to 23.1 0.4 23.1
VIC 6.7 to 23.6 1.7 to 15.8 5.3 to 24.2 11.7 to 31.8 1.7 31.8
WA 8.3 to 34.6 3.7 to 31.6 5.9 to 37.0 11.4 to 40.6 3.7 40.6
• Data analysis performed by season and also geographic location
Climate Zone Average Autumn Temperature
Average Winter Temperature
Average Spring Temperature
Average Summer Temperature
1 (region A) 26.4 21.9 27.3 28.92 (region B) 21.2 15.5 20.6 24.73 (region B) 23.4 16.2 24.5 29.34 (region C) 18.5 11.0 17.9 25.25 (region C) 18.2 12.8 16.5 21.56 (region C) 16.1 10.8 14.7 20.07 and 8 (region D) 13.4 8.1 12.2 17.3
Environmental profile development
• From the analysis, temperature testing profiles have been developed. These will be optimised during the next stage of work.
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Environmental profile development
• Where possible, the number of tests required have been simplified
• Tests have been designed to extract maximum information from a single test
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Region A
Region
A, B
Region Autumn performance evaluation temperature
Winter performance evaluation temperature
Spring performance evaluation temperature
Summer performance evaluation temperature
A 26 22 26 29B 22 16 22 29C 18 12 16 22D 12 8 12 18
Electrical load profile development
• A number of different performance metrics have been identified:– Maximum Power (kW)– Sustained Power (kW)– Energy (kWh)– Capacity (Ah)– Voltage limits (V)– Maximum current (A)– Discharge rate range allowed (C-rate)– Efficiency (%)– Cycle number– Response time (s)
• Test profiles or definitions have been developed to ascertain each metric.
• Where possible existing practices have been utilised
Electrical load profile development
• A range of potential use-cases identified for grid connected BESS• Feedback from Stakeholder reference group and industry showed
two use cases preferred• Two new profiles have been developed:
• 1. Residential solar energy shift profile– BESS is charged by solar PV and discharged during morning and evening
periods
• 2. Residential solar energy shift profile incorporating a virtual power plant operating mode– BESS operates under a VPP profile when not in use for solar energy shifting
• Potential 3rd profile maybe considered during next phase of work depending on stakeholder and industry feedback
Electrical load profile development
• Electricity consumption and generation of real life PV installations analysed (Ausgrid data and industry partners donated data)
• Several hundred installations across Australia
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Winter Average Spring Average Summer Average Autumn Average Yearly Consumption Average
Electrical load profile development
• Average use scenario determined for all installations• PV size effects accounted for
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1.68kW Yearly Nett Average 5.00kW Yearly Nett Average
Electrical load profile development• Profiles created for DC BESS and also AC BESS units• Profile is scalable to different BESS size• Profile can be used as 24hour test for realistic information or shorted for
accelerated testing
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Ener
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Step number
Symbols = AC BESS profileLine = DC BESS profile
Electrical load profile development
• Virtual power plant operating mode defined
• AEMO data analysed for market conditions
• BESS is required to discharge into grid during high demand and prices
• BESS is also required to fulfil end-users needs
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Victoria average New South Wales average Queensland average South Australia average Tasmania average
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Electrical load profile development• A virtual power plant operating mode has been defined with solar energy shift• BESS discharges when not actively used by end-user• Grid charging utilised to ensure BESS is sufficiently charged for both
applications
Reporting framework being constructed
Declaredcharacteristics
Manufacturer declared values
Max
imum
rang
e
Extr
eme
tem
pera
ture
rang
eRe
gion
A
Regi
onB
Regi
onC
Regi
onD
Acce
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test
ing
Aut Win Spr Sum Aut Win Spr Sum Aut Win Spr Sum Aut Win Spr Sum ―Maximum Power(kW)
kW tokW
― kW kW kW kW kW kW kW kW kW kW kW kW kW kW kW kW ―
Sustained Power(kW)
kW tokW
kW tokW
kW kW kW kW kW kW kW kW kW kW kW kW kW kW kW kW ―
Energy (kWh) kWh tokWh
kWh tokWh
kWh kWh kWh kWh kWh kWh kWh kWh kWh kWh kWh kWh kWh kWh kWh kWh ―
Capacity (Ah) Ah toAh
Ah toAh
Ah Ah Ah Ah Ah Ah Ah Ah Ah Ah Ah Ah Ah Ah Ah Ah ―
Voltage limits (V) Vdc toVdc
― ― ― ― ― ― ― ― ― ― ― ― ― ― ― ― ― ―
Maximum Current(A)
A ― ― ― ― ― ― ― ― ― ― ― ― ― ― ― ― ― ―
Discharge raterange allowed (C-rate)
c-rateto c-rate
― ― ― ― ― ― ― ― ― ― ― ― ― ― ― ― ― ―
Round tripefficiency (%)
% to % ― % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % ―
Cycle number ― ― ― ― ― ― ― ― ― ― ― ― ― ― ― ― ― ― valueResponse time (s) ms to
ms― ― ― ― ― ― ― ― ― ― ― ― ― ― ― ― ― ―
Summary
• Real-life data has been analysed for• Australian climate• Australian electricity usage• Australian electricity market
• Using the analysis a range of evaluation profiles have been developed for• Performance metrics • Temperature effects (including humidity)• Solar energy shifting• Solar energy shifting with VPP
• These ‘first cut’ profiles will be optimised through battery testing and stakeholder feedback prior to finalisation of profiles for inclusion in draft Standard
Acknowledgments
• We would like to thank ARENA and the Victorian Government for funding this work
CSIRO ENERGY
Thank youCSIRO EnergyAnand BhattResearch Team Leadert +61 3 9545 8691e [email protected] www.csiro.au/energy
FelixLiebrichSeniorEngineer,ProjectEngineeringDNVGLAustralia
DrAnandBhattResearchTeamLeader,AdvancedEnergyStorageTechnologies,CSIROEnergy
OurMemberswww.smartenergy.org.au
OurMemberswww.smartenergy.org.au
OurMemberswww.smartenergy.org.au
2019June27 SolarAssetManagementConference– SydneyJun27– Jul25 NewBatteryRulesTrainingWorkshop– MelbourneJuly2 NewBatteryRulesTrainingWorkshop– PerthJuly4 NewBatteryRulesTrainingWorkshop– AdelaideJuly18 NewBatteryRulesTrainingWorkshop– GoldCoastJuly25 NewBatteryRulesTrainingWorkshop– SydneyJuly31 FutureNorth,TownsvilleSeptember QueenslandSmartEnergyConference- BrisbaneOctober NationalSmartEnergySummit- Canberra
2020April7-8 SmartEnergyConference&Exhibition- Sydney
What’sOn
www.smartenergy.org.au
AustralianBatteryPerformanceStandardProject
ThisprojectisfundedbyARENA’sAdvancingRenewablesProgramandtheVictorianGovernment’sNewEnergyJobsFund.
Projectwebsite:www.dnvgl.com/cases/australian-battery-performance-testing-standard-project-abps-project--143069
Thankyou
DNVGLCSIRO
DeakinUniversity
www.smartenergy.org.au