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ANNUAL REPORT

2002 / 2003

ANNUAL REPORT

2002/2003

ANSIR Administration: Phone: +61 2 6125 4621 Fax: +61 2 6257 2737 ANSIR website: http://rses.anu.edu.au/seismology/ANSIR/ansir.html

ANSIR is a Major National Research Facility operated as a joint venture by the

Australian National University and Geoscience Australia

TABLE OF CONTENTS REPORT OF THE ANSIR MANAGEMENT ADVISORY BOARD 1 ANSIR MISSION STATEMENT 4 DIRECTORS REPORT 5 THE ROLE OF ANSIR 10 CONTRIBUTION TO AUSTRALIAN INDUSTRY 11 PERFORMANCE INDICATORS AND PERFORMANCE MEASURES 12 ANSIR PROJECTS - current year and planned 14 ANSIR RESEARCH 20

Case Study One: ANSIR Project 01-02R: Batten Trough Seismic Survey (L157), NT, 2002 21

Case Study Two: ANSIR Project 02-04R: St Ives Seismic Survey (L156), WA, 2002 23

Case Study Three: ANSIR Project 02-05T: Tracing the Craton Edge – Tasman Line and Central Australia 25

Case Study Four: ANSIR Project 02-00T: The deep structure of East Antarctica from broadband seismic data: SSCUA 2002/03 27

PERSONNEL ASSOCIATED WITH ANSIR PROJECTS IN 2002/2003 30 PUBLICATIONS 2002/2003 33 LIST OF ACRONYMS 38 ANSIR CONTACT DETAILS 39 APPENDIX 1: ANSIR SEISMIC EQUIPMENT 41

ANSIR Annual Report 2002/2003 1

REPORT OF THE ANSIR MANAGEMENT ADVISORY BOARD The Australian National Seismic Imaging Resource (ANSIR) is a Major National Research Facility whose equipment is available to researchers on the basis of merit. ANSIR continues to play an important role in Australian Geoscience and links researchers both within Australia and internationally through a range of exciting projects. The work undertaken by ANSIR projects relates directly to the National Research Priorities announced by the Commonwealth Government in December 2002, under subsection 6 Developing Deep Earth Resources of “An Environmentally Sustainable Australia”

Smart high-technology exploration methodologies, including imaging and mapping the deep earth and ocean floors, and novel efficient ways of commodity extraction and processing (examples include minerals, oil and gas).

The development of seismic imaging through improved data acquisition and interpretation methods is a key goal for the ANSIR Facility. This year has been the first in which the full assets of ANSIR have been owned by the Australian National University who have also become the Financial Agent for the Facility, and as a result Professor Brian Kennett (previously Deputy Director) became Director of ANSIR from the 1st of July 2002. Warm thanks are due to the retiring Director, Dr B.J. Drummond of Geoscience Australia who sustained the Facility for the first 5 years of its life and worked very hard on its behalf. The Board would also like to thank Prof. R. Rutland for his service as representative of the Commonwealth since the beginning of the Facility, he will be replaced by Professor David Green. A continuing difficulty for users of the Facility has been the need to find the very considerable project funds needed for large scale reflection profiling. The restructure of the Facility undertaken at the end of 2001/2002 has had the desired result of enabling Geoscience Australia to sustain operations. In cooperation with the Northern Territory Geological Survey and the pmd*CRC, a major seismic reflection profile was undertaken in the Batten Trough in October. Fortunately, the monsoon season held off long enough to allow full data acquisition. This year has seen an expansion of activity using the reflection seismic technique on smaller scales. A mine scale experiment was carried out in the goldfields of Western Australia with company support. A number of experiments have made use of the mini-vibrator whose high frequency ground input can be exploited in high-resolution surveys. The diversity of experiments is particularly pleasing. This summer season has seen an unprecedented level of ANSIR activity in Antarctica. Dr Anya Reading (RSES, ANU) followed up last years deployment of portable broad band stations at Davis Station and Beaver Lake in the Lambert Graben, to achieve a deployment of six inland stations including the southernmost rock outcrop in the Australian Antarctic Territory at Komosolovskiy Peak. Good data was recovered from the instrument that had over wintered at Beaver Lake. A 48 channel geophone cable was provided to Macquarie University for work on the Amery Ice Shelf. Eight short-period recorders were used to supplement a geodetic survey by the University of Tasmania and Scripps Institution of Oceanography, USA; this work was directed at the development of a crack in the Amery Ice Shelf.


Demand for ANSIR broad-band instruments is very high and all instruments will be committed in 2003/2004. Twenty instruments were deployed in a large scale experiment directed at the deep structure of the Tasman Line in May 2003, the array extends from the southern coast to the Gulf of Carpenteria. A continuing experiment uses 4 recorders in the western Yilgarn Craton to examine crustal structure. From July 2003 further instruments will be deployed in the Flinders Ranges to try to image the network of active faults. ANSIR has stimulated renewal of the National Committee of Solid Earth Sciences and has provided input to the development of a Strategic Plan for the Earth Sciences both through letters from the Director on behalf of the Board, and from the direct participation of several members of the Board in the National Committee. The contractual arrangements of ANSIR specified under the agreement with the Commonwealth expire at the end of June 2005. The owners, the Australian National University and Geoscience Australia have therefore sought the opinion of the Management Advisory Board as to future options for ANSIR. The Board has strongly endorsed the need for maintaining capability for seismic imaging across the full range of scales currently supported by ANSIR, as a contribution to the National Research Priorities.

Professor John Lovering AO, FAA, FTSE Chairman, Management Advisory Board July 2003


TABLE 1: ANSIR Management Advisory Board Members, 2002/2003

Prof . John Lovering Board Chairman

Prof. Mark Harrison Director, Research School of Earth Sciences, ANU. Representing ANU.

Dr Chris Pigram

Dr Neil Williams

Chief, Minerals Division, GA.

Chief Executive Officer, GA.

Representing Geoscience Australia as delegate of CEO.

Alternate Geoscience Australia representative.

Prof. Brian Kennett ANSIR Director, ANU.

Prof. Lawrence Cram Australian Research Council Programme Manager for the Physical and Earth Sciences.

Representing University Research through the Australian Research Council.

Dr Dennis Gee

CEO Cooperative Research Centre for Landscape Environments and Mineral Exploration (CRCLEME).

Representing the CRC Program.

Dr Bruce Hobbs CSIRO Exploration and Mining.

Representing the Commonwealth till May 2003. Co-opted member since May 2003.

Tom Eadie Chief Executive Officer and Managing Director of Austminex NL.

Representing the Mining Industry through the Minerals Council of Australia.

Emeritus Prof. David .H. Green

Research School of Earth Sciences, ANU.

Representing the Commonwealth from May 2003.

Prof. Stewart Greenhalgh Professor of Geophysics, The University of Adelaide. Co-opted member.

Dr Ted Tyne Director Mineral Survey, Mineral Resources NSW.

Representing State and Territory Geological Surveys.


ANSIR MISSION STATEMENT To place Australia amongst the world leaders in research into the sub-surface structure and composition of the Earth. Our Objectives: 1. Establish and maintain a Major National Research Facility (MNRF) as the basis for excellence in the

field of Seismic Imaging of the Earth by providing national leadership, international visibility and collaboration in community service through the use and operation of world class facilities for seismological research.

2. Promote the Facility and its role widely with the aim of

• encouraging use of the Facility; and • promoting the MNRF Program.

3. Seek opportunities to enhance the Facility. 4. Manage our Intellectual Property in such a manner as to ensure that the maximum benefit accrues to

Australia, including Australian industry, the Australian environment and the Australian economy generally.

The Major National Research Facilities Program: “The objective of the MNRF program is to facilitate the establishment of major national research facilities required for Australia to maintain and enhance its international scientific, industrial and social competitiveness over the next decade. The program optimises interaction and collaboration with major international research endeavours with the aim of increasing Australia’s international competitiveness. Access arrangements by Australian researchers to overseas facilities and multinational consortia are also included in the program. A national facility should engender a sense of national purpose, public pride and community understanding of the role of science and technology.”

Commonwealth Department of Industry, Science & Resources, August, 1999


DIRECTORS REPORT Structure and Management ANSIR is an unincorporated joint venture of the Australian National University (ANU) and Geoscience Australia (GA). The Director of the Research School of Earth Sciences at ANU and the Chief Executive Officer of GA are advised on the broad management directions of ANSIR by the Management Advisory Board, whose membership is listed in Table 1 (page 3). The Board met twice in 2002/2003 (12th September 2002 and 11th March 2003). Some issues were dealt with by circulation of material via e-mail. Following the restructure of ANSIR at the end of June 2002, all the equipment assets belong to ANU, both the portable equipment housed at RSES and the reflection profiling equipment. With the rearrangement of assets there has been a change in management structure since ANU now acts as the Financial Agent for the Facility. Professor Brian Kennett (ANU) has taken over as Director, with Dr Bruce Goleby (GA) as Deputy Director. Mr Tim Barton (GA) has been appointed Executive Officer and takes major responsibility for interaction with users of the reflection profiling equipment. Geoscience Australia has continued to provide support for the ANSIR operations. The implementation of the change of ownership of assets from Geoscience Australia to the Australian National University required significant effort by the Executive Officer and the administrative staff at RSES (particularly Guy Kretschmer, RSES EO and Mary MacDonald, Finance Officer). Some residual obligations, e.g., in vehicle leasing, mean that some costs remain routed through GA to RSES. Field projects that use the pool of reflection equipment are undertaken by a commercial Facilities Manager, Trace Energy Service Pty Ltd. The portable short-period and broad-band recorders housed at RSES are supervised by Mr Stefan Sirotjuk (Assistant Operations Manager) with support from Mr Tony Percival. RSES staff have both prepared equipment for field use and provided training (sometimes in-field). Two calls for research proposals are made by ANSIR each year, with proposals to be received in February and August. Advertisements were placed in The Australian Geologist, Preview (Australian Society of Exploration Geophysicists), and AusGEO News. These advertisements have the useful additional function of providing exposure for the activities of the Facility. Proposals are vetted by the Access Committee that advises the Director of the scientific merit of the proposal. The Director then prepares a work plan for the coming year that is approved by the Management Advisory Board. The Director, Deputy Director and Executive Officer provide help and support to proponents in the development of proposals, particularly with regard to equipment needs for the proposed projects. In 2002/2003 all submitted proposals were considered to be worthy of support, but several projects did not reach the formal proposal stage, either because their needs could not be met from the equipment pool or because the project needed further development.


TABLE 2: Appointments to Key ANSIR Positions, 2002/2003

Prof. Brian L N Kennett ANU ANSIR Director

Dr Bruce Goleby GA ANSIR Deputy Director

Mr Tim Barton GA Executive Officer

Mrs Mary McDonald ANU Finance Officer

Mr Steven Sirotjuk ANU Assistant Operations Manager

TABLE 3: ANSIR Access Committee, 2002/2003

Dr Bruce Goleby GA, ANSIR Deputy Director Access Committee Chairman

Prof. Brian Kennett ANSIR Director

A/Prof. Mike Dentith University of Western Australia

Prof. Mike Hall Monash University

Dr Michael Roach University of Tasmania

Equipment A summary of the equipment that can currently be accessed through ANSIR is provided in Appendix 1. Most of the equipment is based in Australia, but the Management Advisory Board agreed to allow a number of portable broad-band stations to be permanently based in Antarctica to allow full year deployment with a consequent reduction in the complexity of logisitics and transport costs. Now that all the ANSIR assets are housed at ANU, the sets of broad-band and short-period equipment formerly operated by RSES have been merged into the ANSIR pool and thus a substantially larger number of recorders are available for projects. With some new equipment acquisitions in 2002/2003 the Facility has now an internationally competitive pool in terms of size. However, a number of the recorders are now 10 years old and renewal of the equipment pool is desirable. A number of ANSIR experiments have also made use of short-period recorders from the Joint University Seismic Facility (JUSF) established with ARC funding and now owned by the University of Adelaide. These recorders are the same design as in the ANSIR and ANU sets. ANSIR has agreed with the JUSF to house all the recorders at RSES so that maintenance costs can be minimized, the transfer was completed at the end of May 2003. The JUSF recorders are now available to any ANSIR project (subject to prior claims by members of the JUSF consortium). Leadership Activities The Director is President of the International Association of Seismology and Physics of the Earth’s Interior until July 2003 and then will continue as a member of the Executive Committee. He has also been involved with international efforts to develop seismological studies in Antarctica, and attended a major Symposium on The Structure and Evolution of the Antarctic Plate in Boulder, Colorado in March 2003. With Dr Anya Reading (RSES, ANU) he has worked on a plan for enhanced observatories and portable station deployments which will form the basis of a report from this Symposium.


The Deputy Director was involved with the organization of the 10th International Conference on Deep Seismic Profiling of the Continents and their Margins in New Zealand in January 2003, and presented ANSIR work at the meeting. The Executive Officer represented ANSIR at the Australian Society of Exploration Geophysics meeting in Adelaide in February 2003. Facility Promotion ANSIR’s promotional strategy continued with a number of components targeting not only the scientific community in the Earth sciences, but also the broader general community.

ANSIR places advertisements twice yearly calling for research proposals in Preview, the newsletter of the Australian Society of Exploration Geophysicists, The Australian Geologist (Geological Society of Australia) and AusGeo News, GA’s newsletter. ANSIR also submits articles to these and other publications that are designed to keep ANSIR in the minds of the research community. These newsletters reach the majority of scientists in the research and industry sectors in Australia, and many overseas scientists.

Newsletter articles are a passive form of promotion. Active promotion through personal contacts is also important for reaching the scientific community.

The Director, Deputy Director and the Executive Officer undertake direct promotion at a national and international level. This year ANSIR was represented at the following meetings and conferences:

• the American Geophysical Union (AGU) Fall Meeting in San Francisco in December 2002 (Director);

• Seismix 2003, the 10th International Symposium on Deep Seismic Profiling of the Continents and Their Margins in Taupo, New Zealand in January 2003 (Deputy Director and ANSIR staff);

• the Gerhard Műller Memorial Symposium in Frankfurt, Germany in January 2003 (Director);

• the Australian Society of Exploration Geophysicists (ASEG) Conference and Technical Exhibition in Adelaide in February 2003 (Executive Officer);

• the joint meeting of the European Geophysical Society (EGS), the European Union of Geosciences (EUG) and the American Geophysical Union (AGU) in Nice, April 2003 (Director).

• the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG) General Assembly Meeting in Sapporo Japan in June-July 2003 (Director ).

Researchers are also asked to acknowledge ANSIR’s role in their research when presenting their results at conferences and in formal publications. Users of the facility who undertake approved projects are also requested to submit annual returns on their work. This provides ANSIR with a quantitative measure on the impact of the facility and also provides an indication as to where the facility is being promoted.

Articles about ANSIR projects also appeared in AusGeoNews this year. Featured articles were about ANSIR’s seismic reflection imaging activities northeast in the Yilgarn Craton and Officer Basin in 2001 and an article on the novel use of seismic technology to detect native moles in Central Australia. In the Batten Trough survey in the NT an educational presentation to young children was given at a local community school. This also included a demonstration of an ANSIR vibrator in action.

ANSIR also promotes itself through the supply to clients of it legacy seismic reflection data. In 2002/2003 seismic and ancillary data from around twenty surveys was supplied to a diverse client base both nationally and internationally that included researchers, students, explorers, consultants and State government geological surveys The ANSIR web page ( http://rses.anu.edu.au/seismology/ANSIR/ansir.html ) continues to be an important communication tool for researchers wishing to contact ANSIR..


Public Relations associated with ANSIR

Surveys

Talks using ANSIR data


Articles using ANSIR data


THE ROLE OF ANSIR The Australian National Seismic Imaging Resource (ANSIR) is a Major National Research Facility established in June 1997 with a capital grant from the Commowealth Government. ANSIR is a joint venture between the Research School of Earth Sciences of the Australian National University and Geoscience Australia (formerly the Australian Geological Survey Organisation (AGSO)). ANSIR seeks to strengthen research and education in the Earth Sciences in Australia, and to provide a national focus and leadership through its work in Seismic Imaging, which helps to foster collaboration between individual scientists, between institutions and across sectors. ANSIR provides equipment and training for seismic imaging experiments. The staff of the facility provides help to researchers with the design and implementation of experiments and facilitate data processing and interpretation. The Director and Deputy Director maintain active research programs at ANU and GA and are thereby able to provide their experience to prospective applicants for use of the facility. ANSIR has established a pool of equipment capable of imaging the Earth’s interior at a variety of scales using different styles of seismic techniques. ANSIR’s equipment is portable and can be moved to any part of the Australian Continent. Components of the equipment have been used overseas in international collaborative experiments. The ANSIR equipment can record energy from many types of sources, including earthquakes, explosions and truck-mounted vibrators; it can operate in a wide range of environments, including the remote hot and dusty conditions of the Australian outback, the humid tropics of the north and the freezing conditions of Antarctica. The resources of ANSIR are available to all researchers. The scientific merit of the proposed research is the main criterion used to determine priority for access, but researchers have to be able to cover the operating costs for their projects. ANSIR activities during 2002/2003

• The joint venturers (ANU and GA) agreed at the end of June 2002 to restructure the Facility, with the object of improving the level of funds available for seismic imaging research. The practical implementation of the new arrangements took some time, but did not hold up experiments.

• ANSIR continued to support scientific research with one regional reflection profile, one mine

scale investigation, one high resolution groundwater study, and a number of other projects using the portable equipment

• ANSIR has assisted industry by providing access to its equipment for pilot scale studies using

technology not commercially available in Australia.

• ANSIR made a major contribution in Antarctica with three separate experiments including deep deployments of broad-band seismometers and work on the Amery ice shelf.

• ANSIR has provided formal input and advice to the National Committee for Solid Earth Sciences

which is framing a Strategic Plan for Earth Sciences

• ANSIR at GA maintains legacy seismic reflection and refraction data acquired over the last 50 years by GA and its predecessors. As custodian of these data sets ANSIR supplies these to researchers, government agencies and companies on request.


CONTRIBUTION TO AUSTRALIAN INDUSTRY The interaction of ANSIR with industry is dominated by the resource and energy sectors, and occurs in a number of different ways. Industry personnel are able to propose specific research topics for ANSIR work, they can also be involved in the planning of projects and the interpretation of results. Companies have also provided funding and other in-kind support for different aspects of ANSIR related fieldwork. Involvement in ANSIR Management The ANSIR Board has a representative nominated by the Minerals Council of Australia who is able to provide a strategic overview of ANSIR sponsored research and the opportunities it creates for industry. Direct involvement ANSIR is able to provide resources to enable companies to carry out their own research projects in seismic imaging, as well as involvement in regional surveys as financial and scientific partners. Case Study 2 describes an experimental set of profiles near the St. Ives Gold Mine in the Kambalda area of WA. This was the first use of ANSIR reflection profiling to delineate structure within known ore-bearing systems. The processing of this data was carried out by a commercial contractor representing a further expansion of ANSIR activity. Indirect Involvement The main form of industry interactions with ANSIR activities come through input to the planning of research projects to provide pre-competitive information to the resource and energy sectors. Regional profiles supported by Geoscience Australia the State and NT Geological Surveys, include industry input in the identification of targets and the results are actively made known to the industry. A further source of industry input to ANSIR activities is through the Cooperative Research Centres (CRC), which have industry participants in their formal management and planning structures. The Cooperative Research Centres interact with ANSIR directly through direct involvement in projects as with the pmd*CRC and also through a representative of the CRC program on the ANSIR Board. Communication with Industry The notices for ANSIR Calls for Proposals are placed in Preview (the newsletter of the Australian Society of Exploration Geophysicists), which reaches a broad spectrum of workers in the resource and energy industries. ANSIR also promotes its work through presentations at appropriate meetings with large industrial participation.


INDICATORS AND MEASURES OF PERFORMANCE A set of Indicators and Measure of Performance are set out in the agreements with the Commonwealth for the establishment of the Facility signed by the Australian National University and the Australian Geological Survey Organisation (now Geoscience Australia). It was envisaged that not all indicators would be appropriate in each year, but that all would be achieved over the lifetime of the Facility. Table 4 summarises the Performance indicators and the progress made in 2002/2003

TABLE 4: ANSIR Indicators and Measures of Performance for 2002/2003

PERFORMANCE INDICATOR

ACHIEVED 02/03

COMMENTS

Progress Achieved All elements of ANSIR equipment were in use during the year, with extensive use of the mini-vibrator in addition to a regional reflection profile in the Northern Territory. ANSIR experiments with portable equipment achieved coverage of much of Australia with work in Western Australia, Tasmania and in a large swath around the Tasman Line, as well as in the Lambert Graben area of the Australian Antarctic Territory. A number of ANSIR small-scale projects give new links to environmental issues.

Advances to knowledge, education, training, and social and economic development

ANSIR supported projects have continued to provide new insights into the structure of the Australian region both in the crust and the mantle beneath, in particular distinct differences in the character of the Pilbara and Yilgarn cratons can now be recognized. ANSIR support of industry research at the prospect scale has the potential for improving both understanding and exploitation of ore bodies.

Facility Promotion ANSIR made two calls for research proposals, with wide publicity, in August and February. ANSIR research has been prominently presented at major international meetings and the Director is a member of significant International Committees in Seismology. The web page was updated to reflect the new organisation of ANSIR and consequent changes in available equipment. The Annual Reports are posted via the web page in PDF format Results from ANSIR related work have been published in a variety of national and international journals


TABLE 4 (cont.): ANSIR Indicators and Measures of Performance for 2002/2003

PERFORMANCE INDICATOR

ACHIEVED 02/03

COMMENTS

Contributions to enhancing Australia’s prestige

ANSIR continues to support major innovative research such as the Tasman Line project and the large-scale deployment in Antarctica. ANSIR personnel have been invited to participate in planning for major international projects (e.g. a US initiative for Antarctica).

Contribution to research linkages

Many of the projects supported by ANSIR involve collaboration between institutions and research groups, including participants from different sectors.

Contribution to Australian industry

A prospect scale survey across an ore-bearing region was carried out for an industry research project, with subsequent commercial processing.

Enhancing the Facility The ANSIR facility has been reorganized with a transfer of all the equipment to the Australian National University with the object of increasing funding available for projects. The portable instrument holdings of ANSIR and the ANU have been merged to provide a single larger instrument pool accessed via the bid for proposals. The enlarged broad-band instrument pool is now fully committed to the end of 2004.

Promoting the objectives of the MNRF program

Input has been provided to the development of a National Strategic Plan for the Earth Sciences, stressing the role of the MNRF program in providing capital for the development of ANSIR ANSIR emphasis that its projects contribute to the economic, environmental and social well-being of Australians


ANSIR PROJECTS – current year and planned

Table 5 shows the scheduling of ANSIR equipment in the year from July 2002. Further detail for these projects is provided in Table 6. The distribution of these experiments is indicated in Figure 1 with blue symbols, and those undertaken in previous years are indicated in red. Elliptical outlines indicate the approximate areal extent of large-scale broad band deployments undertaken for tomography studies. Table 7 shows ANSIR Access Committee approved projects scheduled for 2003/2004 as at 30 June 2003. The demand for the broad-band equipment in the Facility has grown rapidly and in 2003/2004 all this equipment will be in use on approved projects.

Table 5: Schedule of ANSIR experiments in 2002/2003 Proponent Institution Location Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Reading, Kennett 02-00T

ANU, RSES Antarctica A7 A7 A7 A7 A7 A7 A7 A7 A7 A7

Reading, Rawlinson 01-04T

ANU, RSES Tasmania B11 B11

Reading, Rawlinson 01-04T

ANU, RSES Tasmania S35 S35

Dentith 01-07T

University of Western Australia

Western Australia S25 S25 S25 S25 S25 S25 S25 S25 S25 S25

Stolz 02-04R

St Ives Gold Mine

Kambalda, WA VR

Rawlings 01-02R

GA, NTGS, pmd*CRC

Batten Trough, NT VR VR

Waring 01-06R ANSTO Narromine,

NSW mvR

Goleby 02-02T

GA, pmd*CRC Yilgarn, WA B14 B14 B14 B14 B14 B4 B4 B4

Coleman 02-08T

University of Tasmania

Amery Ice Shelf, Antarctica

S8 S8 S8 S8 S8

Lackie 02-01R

Macquaire University

Amery Ice Shelf, Antarctica

G48 G48 G48 G48 G48

Kennett 02-05T ANU, RSES

Tasman Line, NSW, NT, Qld, SA, Vic

B20

Benshemesh 01-01R

Monash University

Central Australia, NT G32 G32 G32 G32 G32 G32 G32 G32 G32 G32 G32 G32

Palmer 02-06R

University of New South Wales

Dubbo, NSW mvR

Drummond 03-08R GA mvR

Lackie 02-01R

Macquaire University

Glen Innes, NSW mvG

Holzapfel 02-07R

University of Canberra

West Wyalong, NSW mvG

Key:

S - Short period instruments (+number); B – Broad band instruments (+number); A - Broad band instruments in Antarticia (+number); R – Reflection recording system; V – Vibrators; mv – minivibrator; G – Geophone strings


Figure 1: ANSIR 2002/2003 project sites within Australia and Antarctica.


Table 6: Projects undertaken in 2002/2003

PROJECT TITLE PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR

OBJECTIVE

01-01R: Conservation ecology of Itjaritjari (Southern Marsupial Mole Notoryctes typhlops) in central Australia.

Dr Joe Benshemesh, Monash University.

To detect Itjaritjari (marsupial mole) underground and track their movements using seismic sensors; describe the activity budget of Itjariitjari; compile an inventory of animal sounds/vibrations underground; relate the movements of Itjariitjari to the distribution and abundance of their foods.

Continuing project from 2001/2002.

01-04T: The lithospheric structure of Tasmania and surrounding region (TIGGER).

Dr Nick Rawlinson, RSES, ANU.

To determine the lithospheric structure under the major tectonic provinces of Tasmania. To improve the resolution of body and surface wave tomographic models beneath the Tasmanian region and investigate the implications of these results in terms of the tectonic evolution of Tasmania.

01-02R: L157 Batten Trough seismic survey.

Dr David Rawlings, Northern Territory Geological Survey.

To test the overall structure and basin architecture of the Batten Fault Zone; and profile the major fault zones to determine their attitude, displacement and influence on sedimentation.

01-06R: L158 Applied seismic imaging to quantify river loss for sustainable use of the Narromine aquifer(s).

Dr Chris Waring, ANSTO. Identify aquifer structure of the alluvium west of Narromine including basement contact topography and palaeo-channels; compare and contrast seismic data with existing Electro-Kinetic Sounding (EKS) data. Construct a valid groundwater flow model to assist in decisions on the sustainable use of the Narromine aquifer(s) by irrigators.

01-07T: Seismic refraction experiments in the SW of Western Australia using mine-blast sources: a feasibility study.

A/Prof. Mike Dentith, University of Western Australia.

Record mine blasts in the SW of Western Australia to map variations in seismic velocity within the crust and upper mantle. Specific targets include a high velocity zone in the lower crust SW of Corrigin and a NW-SE trending crustal-scale terrane boundary / suture zone.

This is a continuing project from 2001/2002.

02-00T: The deep seismic structure of East Antarctica.

Dr A.M. Reading, ANU. Deployment of broad band seismic instruments at Davis Station and Beaver Lake. Recorded seismic events will allow the first determinations of deep crustal and mantle structure in this part of East Antarctica.

This project is an extension of 00-14T.


Table 6 (cont.): Projects undertaken in 2002/2003

02-01R: L161 Depth and subsurface shape of the Dundee Ignimbrite.

Dr Mark Lackie, Macquarie University.

Determine the thickness and subsurface shape of the Dundee Ignimbrite and image the geometry of the southern contact between the Dundee Ignimbrite and Emmaville Volcanics.

02-02T: Analysis of deep crust and upper mantle velocity variations in the Kalgoorlie Region of the Eastern Goldfields using Tomographic and Receiver Function Analysis – Phases 1 & 2.

Dr Bruce Goleby, GA. Determine the crustal – upper mantle velocity structure (receiver function analysis) in geologically different crustal blocks within the Kalgoorlie region of the Eastern Goldfields Province. Investigate the crustal Vp and Vs velocity structure from refracted wave arrivals using mine blasts, and distant earthquakes.

02-04R: L156 St Ives Seismic Lines Dr Edward Stolz, St Ives Gold

Victory Seismic Line – Image flat lying listric structures such as the Repulse fault. Image Bounder-Lefroy faults to NE of Victory. Assess utility of seismic for imaging flat lying lode style gold terranes. Detect thickness of mafic package beneath Victory for comparison with gravity �odelling results. Detect possible large scale felsic bodies beneath mafic package.

02-05T: Tracing the Craton Edge – Tasman Line and Central Line.

Prof. Brian Kennett, ANU. Investigation of structure in along the length of the Tasman Line. Examination of structure in the “mobile belt “ in eastern Central Australia between the northern and southern cratons and the link to the craton edge to the east.

02-06R: L159 Detailed mapping of fracture porosity in shear zones in areas of dryland salinity using 3D – 3C shallow seismic refraction methods.

Dr Derecke Palmer, University of New South Wales

Measure the horizontal and vertical variability of the fracture porosity in the fracture zones which control the discharge of saline groundwater and the occurrence of dryland salinity at the three experimental sites in the Spicers Creek Catchment. Determine the relative effects of lithological fabric and fracture porosity on P- and S-wave anisotropy factors.

02-07R: L162 High-resolution seismic surveying of near-surface palaeochannels within the Booberoi-Quandialla Transect and implications for dryland salinity.

Michael Holzapfel. Masters Student, University of Canberra.

Image near surface palaeochannels that may influence shallow fluid flow. Improve the understanding of depth to fresh bedrock to enable comparison of these data with previous models for the Bland Catchment area.


Table 6 (cont.): Projects undertaken in 2002/2003

03-08R: L160 Multicomponent high resolution data set

Barry Drummond, Group Leader, Minerals & Geohazards, GA

Collect a totally oversampled (in space and bandwidth) high-resolution data set that will be used to investigate reflection and refraction methods suitable for use in salinity, landscape evolution, and exploration and mining studies in the weathered zone. This provides a research data set available to other researchers wishing to study P- and S-wave imaging, including using converted phases.

2002/2003 Trial Experiments

Coal field trials with MiniVib at North Goonyella, Qld, and Muswellbrook, NSW.

Mike Reveleigh, Velseis Pty Ltd.

To compare various seismic sources for the imaging of thin coal seams in active mining areas.

Table 7: Continuing and scheduled projects for 2003/2004 (as at June 30, 2003) PROJECT TITLE PRINCIPAL

INVESTIGATOR OBJECTIVE

01-07T: Seismic refraction experiments in the SW of Western Australia using mine-blast sources: a feasibility study.

A/Prof Mike Dentith, University of Western Australia.

Record mine blasts in the SW of Western Australia to map variations in seismic velocity within the crust and upper mantle. Specific targets include a high velocity zone in the lower crust SW of Corrigin and a NW-SE trending crustal-scale terrane boundary / suture zone.


02-00T: The deep seismic structure of East Antarctica.

Dr A.M. Reading, ANU. Deployment of broad band seismic instruments at Davis Station and Beaver Lake. Recorded seismic events will allow the first determinations of deep crustal and mantle structure in this part of East Antarctica.


02-05T: Tracing the Craton Edge – Tasman Line and Central Line.

Prof. Brian Kennett, ANU. Investigation of structure in along the length of the Tasman Line. Examination of structure in the "mobile belt " in eastern Central Australia between the northern and southern cratons and the link to the craton edge to the east.



Table 7 (cont.): Continuing and scheduled projects for 2003/2004 (as at June 30, 2003)

03-01R: Deep seismic profiling in the Gawler Craton: Crustal structure of the Olympic Dam region.

Roger G. Skirrow, Minerals & Geohazards, GA

Image the deep crustal structure of Palaeo- and Mesoproterozoic basement near the Olympic Dam Cu-Au-U deposit, to define tectonic controls on Cu-Au mineralisation.

Determine the geometry and geodynamic significance of the Torrens Hinge Zone at the eastern margin of the Gawler Craton, with a view to ultimately understanding the relationship with the Curnamona Province.

03-02R: Seismic imaging of the Meso-palaeoproterozoic basement architecture, Curnamona region, South Australia.

Paul Heithersay, Office of Minerals, Energy and Petroleum, PIRSA

Determine the depth, geometry and distribution of the Meso-Proterozoic basement, and unconformably overlying Neoproterozoic, Cambrian, Mesozoic and Tertiary sediments. Determine the geometry, extent at depth and crustal significance of major structures.

Investigate the geometry of known and potential major fluid conduits and determine their role in the development of a) hydrothermal IOCG deposits (eg. Benagerie Ridge, Portia), and b) growth faults controlling potential syngenetic Pb-Zn metal deposition.

03-03R: Seismic imaging of the Hodgkinson Province, North Queensland.

I.M.A. Vos, pmd*CRC / ACRC, Monash University

Investigate the nature of the Palmerville Fault through the acquisition of a short seismic reflection line across the fault.

Establish a tectono-stratigraphic framework for the Phanerozoic evolution of the Hodgkinson Province. Emphasis will be on metallogenic relationships to tectonic evolution and large-scale structures related to mineralisation.

03-04R: High-resolution seismic imaging of recent faulting and sedimentary structures in the Echuca region for earthquake hazard assessment.

Clive Collins, Project Manager, Earthquake Hazards and Neotectonics Project, GA

Image faults and shallow sedimentary structures associated with the uplift of the Cadell Tilt Block, northern Victoria, using high-resolution seismic reflection and refraction profiling.

Use these results to assess the magnitudes and recurrence intervals for palaeo-earthquake events in this tectonically active area and so improve estimates of earthquake hazard in the region.

03-05T: Imaging of Active Faults in the Flinders Ranges, South Australia, for Neotectonic and Earthquake Hazard Studies.

Dr. Phil R. Cummins, Minerals & Geohazards, GA

Image active faults in the Flinders Ranges through high-precision earthquake hypocentre determinations and investigate their focal mechanisms. Obtain improved estimates of seismic velocity structure and empirical travel times to calibrate existing networks and improve accuracy of seismicity catalogs.


ANSIR RESEARCH A number of case studies are presented to illustrate the range of activities being undertaken with the resources provided by ANSIR. To illustrate the types of activities undertaken by the facility in 2002/2003 four case studies are presented. Figure 2 shows the locations of these which indicates the national and international spread of ANSIR activities. Case study 1 is a regional seismic reflection survey undertaken in the Borroloola – McArthur River region of the Northern Territory. This project was undertaken for the pmd*CRC, the NTGS, GA and Anglo American. Approximately 150 km of deep seismic data was acquired for this project in October and November 2002. Case study 2 is a medium resolution seismic reflection project over prospect scale dimensions carried out for St Ives Gold Mining Company Pty Ltd in the Kambalda area of WA. This was a significant survey for ANSIR as it was the first project of this nature to investigate methodologies involving the use of seismic to detect structures within a known ore systems. The data acquired by this project was subsequently processed by a commercial contractor which has allowed for the further expansion of ANSIR’s collaboration with Australian industry. Cases Studies 3 and 4 represent uses of the broad-band instruments from the portable instrument component of ANSIR. The Tasman Line deployment described in Study 3 is the first experiment, on any continent, to attempt to bracket the full length of the Precambrian to Phanerozoic transition. Results from earlier work, such as the Skippy reconnaissance survey of the whole continent in 1993-1996 provide evidence for a relatively sharp transition in the mantle with a rough correspondence with the Tasman Line inferred from surface exposure. The object of the experiment is to provide higher resolution of the contrasts in crustal and mantle structure. Case Study 4 describes the deployment of the seven ANSIR instruments that are now permanently based in Antarctica. The sites around the Lambert Graben extend well inland to the southernmost nunatak (rock outcrop) in the Australian Antarctic Territory; the aim is to define the nature of the crust and mantle in East Antarctica. These four studies illustrate the capabilities of the Facility to work on a wide variety of scales from the first few kilometers of the crust, through the entire crustal section to studies of the mantle with resolution on a horizontal scale of 100-300 km.

Figure 2: ANSIR 2002/2003Annual Report Case studies. 01-02R and 02-04R show locations of reflection imaging projects, 02-00T and 02-05T indicate locations of Broad

Band imaging projects.


CASE STUDY 1 ANSIR Project 01-02R: Batten Trough Seismic Survey (L157), NT, 2002 Dr David Rawlings, Northern Territory Geological Survey, Darwin NT 0801 [email protected] The aim of this project was to examine the fundamental basin architecture of the Batten Trough, McArthur Basin and nature of the underlying basement. The program was designed to test geometric models for the McArthur Basin, specifically to examine the sequence stratigraphy of the Palaeo- and Mesoproterozoic basin phases, their bounding faults and relevant basement structures. This will have significant outcomes for understanding sediment hosted mineral deposits such as McArthur River and the future direction of base metals exploration in the basin. Seismic data will enable ideas to be tested concerning the migration of metal bearing basinal fluids from their aquifer sandstones, up faults to the reductant shales to form the deposits.

The project began in mid 2001 with a year of preparatory work including: (i) planning and prioritisation of the route; (ii) land access negotiations and community consultation (pastoralists, traditional owners, NLC and regional councils); (iii) development of a work and environmental management plan and; (iv) assessment of environmental, safety, infrastructure, utilities, government regulatory and mineral exploration risks. In mid October 2002, line clearing took place. In late October, the route was surveyed and gravity data was collected at 240 m spacing. Seismic experiments and acquisition began in late October and continued (without significant rain) for 12 days into early November. Two lines were acquired (Figure 3):

Line 1 (02GA-BT1) – east-west 130 km long, from Borroloola to Bauhinia Downs station and; Line 2 (02GA-BT2) – north-south 20 km long, centred approximately half way along Line 1 near Cow Lagoon.

Figure 3: Batten Trough seismic survey line locations and simplified geological map of the southern McArthur Basin.


During the program, 40 km of re-cleared gridline and 110 km of gravel or bitumen road were utilised. The station interval was 40 m and the geophone recording spread 12 km long. The shot interval was generally 80 m (reduced to 40 m where there were a number of bends in the line), producing 60 fold data (120 fold at corners). Owing to the predicted deep moho, ‘listening time’ was 20 or 22 seconds (~60 km depth). Shot point data quality varies according to sediment cover and bedrock characteristics along the line. Figure 4 shows some of the terrain encountered on the western end of line 1. Data quality in the east is excellent, due to the ideal situation of bitumen road over layercake Roper Group. Although shot points were also located over Roper Group in the west, quality is generally patchy due to the varied thickness of unconsolidated sand coverage, in which there is poor geophone coupling. Data quality in the central Batten Fault Zone is variable. Shot points above shallow bedrock of Tawallah Group and siliciclastic McArthur Group units have derived good data, except where there is subsurface geological complexity (eg Tawallah Fault). Carbonate units of the McArthur Group (eg Balbirini Dolomite) proved to have deep seismic-defined ‘regolith’ and therefore poor penetration of energy into the crust. Presumably, this is due to the development of modern karst systems.

Figure 4: The “jump-up” and detour on Bauhinia Downs Station on seismic line 02GA-BT1 (photos T.Barton & D. Johnstone, ANSIR).

Overall, the preliminary seismic stacks resolve over the full 20 seconds in some areas, imaging McArthur Basin, immediate basement, middle-lower crust and Moho. There also appears to be good but preliminary imaging of various Emu and Tawallah fault splays and partial basin geometry. Data processing, including migration, was completed in April 2003, enabling a first pass interpretation by the principal researchers over two weeks in May. The processed seismic trace still has areas of poor resolution, due to the problems discussed above. However, the geometry of the various faults, including Emu and Tawallah Fault, can be interpreted with some confidence. The McArthur Basin stratigraphy is relatively layercake across the traverse, where not obliterated in the zones of poor resolution. These zones make it difficult to extrapolate geological groups and unconformities across the traverse. The next step in the project will be to ground truth the surface expression of some proposed faults, which do not appear to be reflected in current mapping, either due to subtlety of structures or to resolution of mapping. Following this, there will be modifications to the first pass interpretation based on detailed surface geology. A third pass interpretation by all researchers will take place, which will lead to the final interpretation and report to be presented to stakeholders.


CASE STUDY 2 ANSIR Project 02-04R: St Ives Seismic Survey (L156), WA, 2002 Dr Ned Stolz, St Ives Gold Mining Company Pty Ltd. Kambalda West, WA, 6444 [email protected] In September 2002 ANSIR acquired 15 km of medium-resolution seismic reflection data using two of its Hemi60 vibrators and the ARAM24 acquisition system. This project presented a number of challenges in undertaking a seismic survey within an active mining lease to comply with health, safety and environmental requirements. St Ives mine management were impressed by the high standard of professionalism displayed by the ANSIR crew and its facilities manager, Trace Energy Services. Prior to the survey being undertaken a review of ANSIR legacy data sets in the region was undertaken to assist in the survey design. Extensive testing was carried out at the commencement of the survey to determine the optimum acquisition parameters. In total three seismic lines were acquired to the south of Kambalda, two of which were along causeways on Lake Lefroy and a 10 km line in the Victory area to the south of the lake. Figure 5 shows some of the field operations on this survey.

Figure 5 Geophones on Lake Lefroy and the two vibrators working along the Causeway.

(photos N. Stolz, St Ives Goldmining Company Pty Ltd) The seismic data was processed by Velseis Pty Ltd, and then correlated with drillhole geology and drillhole geophysical information to facilitate depth conversion. Interpretation was then undertaken by Mike Mills from Velseis, and Ned Stolz and Karen Connors from St Ives. All available geological and geophysical information was considered in the interpretation. The data demonstrate that seismic reflection is effective at imaging stratigraphy and structure in Archaean terrains, even at relatively shallow depths (less than 500m). Figure 6 shows the seismic section from the Minatour line. Several coherent reflectors are interpreted in the position of known geological contacts and gold bearing faults, as annotated. The South Revenge and Victory lines show similar features, especially from the Kapai slate and Devons Consuls Basalt stratigraphic units. These reflectors may define previously unknown structures which may host gold mineralisation. The success of reflection seismic in resolving structures at this level of detail in a hard rock Archaean terrain is a major outcome from the St Ives seismic work. These results indicate that seismic reflection could play a direct role in the discovery of new gold orebodies in this very mature exploration province.


Figure 6 Depth converted and interpreted seismic section for the Minatour seismic line. Black lines represent known faults. The ore-zone is characterised by a lack of reflections

attributed to strong alteration and numerous porphyry intrusions. The seismic data is also providing important information about major tectonic structures that define the crustal architecture of the St Ives gold camp. The location and dip of the Boulder Lefroy fault, and its relationship with smaller splay structures such as the Playa fault, is of major importance to gold orebody genesis models for the district. The geometry of the Boulder Lefroy Fault at depth (greater then 200m) has implications for the tectonic history of the entire Eastern Goldfields Province. The seismic data are being analysed by St Ives Project Generation Geologist, Karen Connors, both for direct targets and for early fault architecture information. The seismic data are also being considered by John Walshe (CSIRO) and Peter Neumayr (UWA) as part of their pmd*CRC Y3 studies on gold orebody genesis at the St Ives camp. Further reprocessing and interpretation by pmd*CRC (GA) or private seismic interpretation consultants is also being considered. This survey has provided very useful results and the company has notified that it intends to lodge an application to ANSIR in 2003 to undertake a follow-up study. This project will be designed to build on the 2002 success and extend the use of the technique into dolerite targets within felsic sediments. Further seismic lines to the south of this project are also planned for this second phase of research.


CASE STUDY 3 ANSIR Project 02-05T: Tracing the Craton Edge – Tasman Line and Central Australia Professor B.L.N. Kennett, Research School of Earth Sciences, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200 [email protected] Project funding was obtained through the Australian Research Council (ARC) with a Discovery Grant for 2003. As a result it has been possible to implement the full design, and 20 sites have now been installed spanning the Tasman Line and crossing from the southern to the northern Australian Cratons. The stations were installed in May 2003. The first deployment of 6 southern stations took 8 days round trip from Canberra and, after a ten day break, the remaining 14 stations were deployed over an 18 day interval, with a total travel distance of some 12000 km. Instrument deployment is shown in Figure 7. As can be seen from the map (Figure 8), the stations extend from Hopetoun in Victoria to near Normanton in Queensland and nearly all are on rocky or stony ground which should provide good coupling for the seismometers. The majority of sites employ the new Earth Data recorders, with a number of Nanometrics Orion instruments as well The design of the experimental configuration is based on simultaneous recording on both sides of the Tasman line which was not achieved in the earlier Skippy deployments. STS-2 seismometers have been installed at four locations with the object of achieving longer period recording for surface wave analysis. Most of the remaining sites use Guralp CMG3-ESP seismometers. The instruments are grouped into a number of roughly linear profiles crossing the craton boundaries. A cluster of stations in NSW and South Australia should help to resolve the nature of the edge of the craton at depth around the Broken Hill region where there are some discrepancies between results from delay times from short-period stations and surface wave tomography. Nearly north-south profiles can be constructed on both sides of the Tasman Line linking to the permanent stations at WRA and CTAO. All the sites are new and are designed to link in with the placement of stations in the first four Skippy stages to achieve coverage at around the 200-300 km level. The broad band stations will be operated for at least one year with servicing in October 2003 and April 2004. The data will be used in a number of ways exploiting both body waves and surface waves. We anticipate undertaking receiver function studies at each site to improve knowledge of crustal and uppermost mantle structure. Refracted wave information for both P and S phases at the northern sites will help to refine knowledge of transition zone structure. For the surface waves we will include data from the TL sites in the ongoing development of 3-D models of shear wavespeeds. We are also trying to extend methods using transfer functions between waveforms at different stations to achieve higher frequency analysis and thus improved resolution of structure.

Figure 7 Site TL01 at GumCreek near Croydon, QLD in Tropical Savannah and setting up the recorder at site TL08, Galway Downs, QLD (photos B.L.N. Kennett, ANSIR).


WRAB

STK

CAN

TAU

CTAO

TL01

TL02

TL03

TL04

TL05 TL06

TL07

TL08

TL09

TL10 TL11 TL12

TL13 TL14

TL15 TL16

TL17

TL18

TL19

TL20

Figure 8 Configuration of TL stations and the approximate location of the Tasman Line and Craton boundaries.


CASE STUDY 4 ANSIR Project 02-00T: The deep structure of East Antarctica from broadband seismic data: SSCUA 2002/03. Dr Anya M. Reading, Research School of Earth Sciences, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200 [email protected] East Antarctica is the least-known region of the tectonic Earth yet it is a key component in our understanding of the formation and break-up of Gondwana and present-day crust and mantle dynamics. One of the few ways to advance our understanding of this remote continent is through the analysis of high-fidelity broadband seismic records. Stations may be deployed on rock or ice and allow the regional tectonic structure to be determined even where there is no surface exposure. Successive deployments of remote, solar-powered stations allow a large region of the continent to be sampled by energy from distant earthquakes. Seismic methods concerning body waves allow crustal and upper mantle structure to be determined and surface waves improve the resolution of the mantle across this vast region with very few permanent stations.

Figure 9 Map of the Lambert Glacier region, between Mawson and Davis stations, East

Antarctica, showing the locations of the remote SSCUA deployment 1 stations, the mains-powered station deployed at Davis for 3 years and the permanent station at Mawson (run

by Geoscience Australia).


Recent geological and geochronological work in Antarctica and the southern hemisphere continents has changed our concept of the traditional tectonic framework of the Gondwana supercontinent. The idea of East Antarctica as an ancient, Archaean keystone around which the other continental blocks assembled has been changed by the identification of extensive mobile tectonic belts which trend perpendicular to the current Antarctic coastline. The extent of these major tectonic structures beneath the ice may be mapped using broadband seismic data. The present day seismicity and the mantle structure and dynamics of East Antarctica will also be investigated to address fundamental questions concerning Antarctic neotectonics. The main deployment of SSCUA (Seismic Structure of the Continent Under Antarctica) seismic stations took place in the austral summer of 2002/03, following a pilot study the pilot study of 2001/02, during which a mains-powered station at Davis and a remote station at Beaver Lake were installed. Using field logistics and operational and stations support provided by Australian Antarctic Division, stations were installed at 5 further remote locations around the Lambert Glacier region (Figure 9). Locations furthest from Davis were installed using fixed-wing aircraft, and those further north using small helicopters. The station at Komsomolskiy Peak was located on the furthest south outcrop of rock in Australian Antarctic Territory – a challenging location for both instrumentation and the installation team. Each remote station consists of a Guralp CMG-ESP sensor (Figure 10, KOMS), frame-mounted solar panels and GPS antenna and an insulated box (Figure 11, KOMS) containing a Nanometrics Orion recorder, batteries, voltage regulator and sensor control box.

Figure 10 Installation of a Guralp CMG-ESP sensor at Komsomolskiy Peak (KOMS) at a temperature of -

35ºC with a brisk wind-chill (photo A. Reading, ANU)

Figure 11 Solar panels, GPS antenna and insulated box (housing the Orion recorder,

batteries, voltage regulator and sensor junction box) at KOMS.

(photo A. Reading, ANU)

During 2002/03, data was uplifted from Beaver Lake and Davis stations, installed during the pilot deployment of the previous summer. Figure 12 shows data of excellent quality recorded at Beaver Lake during December 2002 from a teleseismic event close to Papua New Guinea against the low-noise background characteristic of the Antarctic interior during good weather. The majority of the data will be uplifted during the following Antarctic summer, 2003/04, after which the main data analysis will commence. On-line information: SSCUA deployment web-site, http://rses.anu.edu.au/seismology/sscua AnSWeR, Antarctic Seismic Web Resource, http://rses.anu.edu.au/seismology/answer


Figure 12 Example of data from Beaver Lake, Antarctica. The earthquake occurred near

Papua New Guinea on 12th December 2002.


Personnel associated with ANSIR projects in 2002/2003 The following personnel were associated with ANSIR projects during 2002/2003. Those listed under “Project Researchers”, “Postgraduate Students” and “Project Partners” participated in research projects, and were not involved in the day-to-day management and operations of ANSIR, although some of the GA and ANU staff also assisted project researchers when representing ANSIR.. In addition individuals and companies who have requested access to ANSIR legacy datasets are listed under “Other”. ANSIR Specified Personnel Prof. Brian L.N. Kennett ANSIR Director, ANU Dr Bruce Goleby ANSIR Deputy Director, GA Mr Tim Barton ANSIR Executive Officer, GA Mrs Mary McDonald Finance Officer, ANU Mr Stefan Sirotjuk Assistant Operations Manager, ANU ANSIR Support Personnel Dr Guy Kretschmer Executive Officer, RSES, ANU Mr David Johnstone Geophysicist, GA Dr Leonie Jones Geophysicist, GA Mrs Tanya Fomin Geophysicist, GA Mr Armando Arcidiaco Technical Officer, ANU Mr Alan Crawford Technical Officer, GA Mr Tony Percival Technical Officer, ANU Project Researchers (Researchers who participated in projects using data collected in whole or in part with ANSIR equipment). Ed Ainscough St Ives Gold Mining Company Pty. Ltd. Tim Barton GA Dr Joe Benshemesh Dept. of Biological Sciences, Monash University Dr Richard Blewett GA Richard Brescianini Northern Territory Geological Survey Dr Tony Brown Mineral Resources Tasmania Dr Greg Carlsen GSWA Dr Kevin Cassidy GA Dr Dave Champion GA Dr Karen Conners St Ives Gold Mining Company Pty. Ltd. Prof. Jim Cull Monash University A/Prof. Mike Dentith Dept. of Geology & Geophysics, UWA Vic Dent Dept. of Geology & Geophysics, UWA Dr Barry Drummond GA Tanya Fomin GA, ANSIR and pmd*CRC Dr Dennis Gee Northern Territory Geological Survey Dr Bruce Goleby pmd*CRC and GA Tim Griffin GSWA Bruce Groenewald GSWA Prof. Greg Houseman University of Leeds, UK David Johnstone GA and ANSIR Dr Leonie Jones GA, ANSIR and pmd*CRC Dr George Jung Monash University Prof. Brian L.N. Kennett RSES, ANU Madhwan Keshwan Dept. of Land and Water Conservation, NSW Dr Russell Korsch pmd*CRC and GA Dr Mark Lackie Dept. of Earth & Planetary Sciences, Macquarie University


Dr Paul Lennox University of New South Wales Dr Duncan Massie Monash University Rob Muller Dept. of Land and Water Conservation, NSW Dr Leah Moore DSHMP, University of Canberra Dr Derecke Palmer University of New South Wales Ian Pegg St Ives Gold Mining Company Pty. Ltd. Bob Perriam St Ives Gold Mining Company Pty. Ltd. Dr David Rawlings Northern Territory Geological Survey Dr Nicholas Rawlinson RSES, ANU Dr Anya Reading RSES, ANU Mike Reveleigh Velseis Pty Ltd. Dr Bob Richardson Mineral Resources Tasmania Dr Mike Roach University of Tasmania Mark Stephens GSWA Dr Edward Stolz St Ives Gold Mining Company Pty. Ltd. Dr David Stone ANSTO Environment Division Janet Tunjic St Ives Gold Mining Company Pty. Ltd. Dr Chris Waring ANSTO Environment Division Michael Williams Dept of Land and Water Conservation, NSW Tony Williamson St Ives Gold Mining Company Pty. Ltd.

Postgraduate Students

Mr S. Fishwick PhD student, Australian National University Mr Michael Holzapfel MSc student, University of Canberra Mr Ramin Nikrouz PhD student, University of New South Wales Ms Kathlene Oliver MSc student, Macquarie University Ms K. Procko PhD student, Australian National University Dr K. Yoshizawa PhD granted September 2002, ANU Project Partners (Institutions and companies with involvement in ANSIR research projects). ANSTO Anglo American Pty Ltd. Anangu –Pitjantjatjara Land Management, NT Department of Biological Sciences, Monash University Department of Natural Resources and Environment Victoria Dynamic Satellite Surveys Pty Ltd. Earthwatch Institute (Australia) Fractal Graphics Pty. Ltd. Geoscience Australia Macquarie University Mineral Resources Tasmania Northern Territory Geological Survey pmd*CRC Research School of Earth Sciences, ANU SA Department for Environment and Heritage (NP&W SA) St Ives Gold Mining Company Pty Ltd. Trace Energy Services Pty Ltd. University of Canberra University of Leeds, UK University of New South Wales University of Tasmania University of Western Australia Velseis Pty Ltd.


Other (Users of ANSIR legacy datasets for research, consultancy and exploration purposes). Dr S. Bannister Institute of Geological and Nuclear Sciences, NZ Dr Penny Barton Dept. of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK Brendan Bradley Perilya Limited Chris Carty Eastern Star Gas Limited Dr Fred Cook Dept. of Geology and Geophysics University of Calgary, Canada Phillip Cooney Dept. of Mineral Resources, NSW Dr Fred Davey Institute of Geological and Nuclear Sciences, NZ Dr Nick Direen School of Earth & Environmental Sciences, The University of Adelaide Tamsin Gavranic Tri-Star Petroleum Company Rob Gill PhD student, School of Earth & Environmental Sciences, The University of Adelaide Dr Alexey Gorbatov JAMSTEC, Japan David Green Denison University, Ohio Dr Graham Heinson School of Earth & Environmental Sciences, The University of Adelaide Martin Henderson Origin Energy Dr Richard Hobbs Bullard Laboratories Dept. of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge,

Cambridge, UK David Horten Opal Horizon Ltd. Michael House Geoinformatics Exploration Ltd. John Jackson Sons of Gwalia Ltd. Andrew Krassey Petroleum & Marine Division, Geoscience Australia Dr Mark Lackie Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Macquarie University Steve Massey Placer-Dome Inc. Robert Merill Samson International David Moore GSV, Dept. of Natural Resources and Environment Victoria Barry Murphy pmd*CRC, University of Melbourne Nick Papanicolaou Santos Limited Peter Petkovic Petroleum & Marine Division, Geoscience Australia Dr Ned Stolz Goldfields, St Ives Golmining Company Pty. Ltd. Dr Robert Stuart Geoinformatics Exploration Ltd. Arie van der Velden Lithoprobe, University of Calgary, Canada Gordon Wakelin-King Essential Petroleum Resources Limited Dr Derek Woodward Institute of Geological and Nuclear Sciences, NZ


Publications 2002/2003

Bannister S. & Kennett B.L.N. (2002), Seismic activity in the Transantarctic Mountains - results from a broadband array deployment, Terra Antartica, 9(1), 41-46.

Benshemesh, J., and Johnson, K. (2003), Biology and conservation of marsupial moles (Notoryctes). In: Predators with pouches: The biology of carnivorous marsupials (ed. M. Jones, C. Dickman, and M. Archer). pp. 464-474. CSIRO, Canberra.

Blewett, R.S., Champion, D.C., Whitaker, A.J., Bell, B., Nicoll, M., Goleby, B.R., Cassidy, K.F. & Groenewald, P.B. (2002), A new 3D model of the Leonora-Laverton transect: implications for the tectonic evolution of the eastern Yilgarn Craton, Australian Institute of Geoscientists Bulletin, 36, 18-21.

Blewett, R.S., Champion, D.C., Whitaker, A.J., Bell, B., Nicoll, M., Goleby, B.R., Cassidy, K.F., and Groenewald, P.B. (2002), Three dimensional (3D) model of the Leonora-Laverton transect area: implications for Eastern Goldfields tectonics and mineralisation, Geoscience Australia, Record, 2002/18, 83-100.

Cheng H-X & Kennett B.L.N. (2002), Frequency dependence of seismic wave attenuation in the upper mantle beneath the Australian region, Geophys. J. Int., 150, 45-57.

Drummond, B.J., Hobbs, R.W. & Goleby, B.R. (2003), The effects of out-of-plane seismic energy on waveform and amplitude in two dimensional reflection sections, in The 10th International Symposium on the Deep Seismic Profiling of the Continents and their Margins, Programme and Abstracts, Institute of Geological and Nuclear Sciences, Information Series, 52, p59.

Fomin, T., Crawford, A.R. & Johnstone, D.W. (2002), Conventional Vibroseis Techniques expanded to yield high quality wide-angle data in northeastern Yilgarn, Western Australia, in The 10th International Symposium on the Deep Seismic Profiling of the Continents and their Margins, Programme and Abstracts, Institute of Geological and Nuclear Sciences, Information Series, 52, p62.

Furumura T., Kennett B.L.N. & Koketsu K. (2003), Visualization of 3-D wave propagation from the 2000 Tottori-Ken Seibu, Japan earthquake: observation and numerical simulation, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., 93, 870-881.

Goleby, B.R. (2002), Major structures for gold in seismic images of crust, AUSGEO News, 68, 26-28.

Goleby, B.R., Korsch, R.J., Fomin, T., Bell, B., Nicoll, M.G., Drummond, B.J. and Owen, A.J. (2002), A preliminary 3D geological model of the Kalgoorlie region, Yilgarn Craton, Western Australia based on deep seismic reflection and potential field data, Australian Journal of Earth Sciences, 49, 917-933.

Goleby, B.R., Drummond, B.J., Bannister, S. and Henrys, S., (comp), (2002), The 10th International Symposium on the Deep Seismic Profiling of the Continents and their Margins, Programme and Abstracts, Institute of Geological and Nuclear Sciences, Information Series, 52, 145pp.

Goleby, B.R., Drummond, B.J. & Korsch, R.J. (2002), The central Australian deep seismic reflection traverse – A classic traverse across a Moho discontinuity, in The 10th International Symposium on the Deep Seismic Profiling of the Continents and their Margins, Programme and Abstracts, Institute of Geological and Nuclear Sciences, Information Series, 52, p66.

Goleby, B.R., Blewett, R.S., Champion, D.C., Jones, L.E.A., Groenewald, P.B., Cassidy, K.F., Korsch, R.J, Bell, B. & Whitaker, A.J. (2002), Deep seismic reflection profiling in the NE Yilgarn: implications for the Yilgarn's crustal architecture and mineral potential. in The 10th International Symposium on the Deep Seismic Profiling of the Continents and their Margins, Programme and Abstracts, Institute of Geological and Nuclear Sciences, Information Series, 52, p67.

Goleby, B.R., Blewett, R.S., Champion, D.C., Korsch, R.J., Bell, B., Groenewald, P.B., Jones, L.E.A., Whitaker, A.J., Cassidy, K.F. & Carlsen, G.M. (2002), Deep seismic profiling in the NE Yilgarn: insights into its crustal architecture, Australian Institute of Geoscientists, Bulletin, 36, 63-66.


Gorbatov, A. & Kennett B.L.N. (2003), Joint bulk-sound and shear tomography for Western Pacific subduction zones, Earth Planet Sci Lett., 210, 527-543

Hong T-K & Kennett B.L.N. (2002a), A wavelet-based method for the simulation of two-dimensional elastic wave propagation, Geophys. J. Int., 150, 610-638

Hong T-K & Kennett B.L.N. (2002b), On a wavelet based method for the numerical simulation of wave propagation, J. Comp. Phys.,. 183, 577-622.

Hong T-K. & Kennett B.L.N. (2003), Scattering attenuation of 2-D elastic waves: theory and numerical modelling using a wavelet-based method, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., 93, 922-938.

Jones, L.E.A., Chudyk, E., Goleby, B.R., Johnstone, D.W. & Barton, T.J. (2002), Seismic data acquisition and processing – 2001 Northern Yilgarn Seismic Reflection Survey (L154). Geoscience Australia, Record, 2002/18, 111-118.

Kennett B.L.N. (2002), The Seismic Wavefield II: Interpretation of seismograms on regional and global scales, Cambridge University Press, pp xii+534

Kennett B.L.N. & Furumura T. (2002), The influence of 3-D structure on the propagation of seismic waves away from earthquakes, Pageoph, 159, 2113-2131.

Kennett B.L.N. & Yoshizawa K. (2002), A reappraisal of regional surface wave tomography, Geophys. J. Int., 150, 37-44.

Palmer D. (2001), Imaging refractors with the convolution section: Geophysics 66, 1582-1589.

Palmer D. (2001), Resolving refractor ambiguities with amplitudes: Geophysics 66, 1590-1593.

Palmer D. (2001), A new direction for shallow refraction seismology: integrating amplitudes and traveltimes with the refraction convolution section: Geophysical Prospecting, 49, 657-673.

Palmer D. (2001), Measurement of rock fabric in shallow refraction seismology, Exploration Geophysics 32, 307-314.

Reading A.M. & Kennett B.L.N. (2003), Lithospheric structure of the Pilbara Craton, Capricorn Orogen and northern Yilgarn craton , Western Australia, from teleseismic receiver functions, Aust J. Earth Sci., 50 (3), 427-438.

Reading A.M. , Kennett B.L.N. & Dentith M.C. (2003), The seismic structure of the Yilgarn Craton, Western Australia, Aust J. Earth Sci., 50 (3), 439-446.

Conference Presentations

Benshemesh, J. (20 Nov 2002). Conservation research on marsupial moles in the Anangu Pitjantjatjara Lands and future directions. Arid Zone Species Recovery Team Meetings, Douglas Scrub SA.

Benshemesh, J. and Schultz, D. (7 May 2002). Why do Itjaritjari Notoryctes typhlops surface, and how may veterinary skills help conserve them? Australian Veterinary Association Conference, Adelaide.

Blewett, R.S. (2003), The tyranny of depth: A 3D approach, Mining 2002, Brisbane.

Fishwick, S. & Kennett, B.L.N. (2002), Advances in surface wave tomography in Australia, AGU Fall Meeting, San Francisco, USA, December 2002.

Goleby, B.R., Blewett, R.S., Champion, D.C., Korsch, R.J., Bell, B., Groenewald, P.B., Jones, L.E.A., Whitaker, A.J., Cassidy, K.F. & Carlsen, G.M. (2002), Deep seismic profiling in the NE Yilgarn: insights into its crustal architecture, International Symposium on Applied Structural Geology for Mineral Exploration and Mining, Kalgoorlie, September 2002.


Goleby, B.R., Blewett, R.S., Champion, D.C., Henson, P., Cassidy, K.F. & Groenewald, P.B. (2002), pmd*CRC project Y2 - 3D Geological Models of the Eastern Goldfields: a status report, pmd*CRC December review presentation, Canberra, December, 2002.

Goleby, B.R., Blewett, R.S., Champion, D.C., Jones, L.E.A., Groenewald, P.B., Cassidy, K.F., Korsch, R.J, Bell, B. & Whitaker, A.J. (2002), Deep seismic reflection profiling in the NE Yilgarn: implications for the Yilgarn's crustal architecture and mineral potential, The 10th International Symposium on the Deep Seismic Profiling of the Continents and their Margins, Programme and Abstracts, Taupo, New Zealand, January 2003.

Goleby, B.R., Blewett, R.S., Champion, D.C., Henson, P., Cassidy, K.F. & Groenewald, P.B. (2003), Y2 - 3D Geological Models of the Eastern Goldfields, Yilgarn Craton, AMIRA Project 763 Sponsors meeting presentation, Perth, February, 2003.

Goleby, B.R., Blewett, R.S., Champion, D.C., Henson, P., Cassidy, K.F. & Groenewald, P.B. (2003), The pmd*CRC’s Y2 project: Deep seismic reflection profiling in the NE Yilgarn and 3D models, Kalgoorlie Exploration Discussion Group, April, 2003.

Goleby, B.R., Blewett, R.S., Champion, D.C., Henson, P., Cassidy, K.F. & Groenewald, P.B. (2003), The Eastern Goldfields Province, Yilgarn Craton: Y2 - 3D Geological Models of the Eastern Goldfields, Yilgarn Craton, pmd*CRC stage 2 review, July, 2003.

Kennett, B.L.N. (2002), The influence of anisotropy in tomography. AGU Fall Meeting, San Francisco, USA, December 2002

Kennett, B.L.N. (2003), The nature of mantle heterogeneity from joint tomographic inversion. AGU & EGU Joint Meeting, Nice, France, April 2003

Kennett, B.L.N. (2003), Lessons from Studies of Australia. Structure and Evolution of the Antarctic Plate (SEAP03), Boulder CO, USA, March 2003

Kennett, B.L.N. (2003), Heterogeneity in the Mantle. G. Mueller Memorial Symposium, Germany, January 2003

Kennett, B.L.N. & Fishwick, S. (2003), Australia – A continental synthesis. AGU & EGU Joint Meeting, Nice, France, April 2003

Kennett, B.L.N., Goleby, B., Reading, A.M. & Barton, T. (2003), Structure of the Yilgarn Craton, Western Australia. AGU & EGU Joint Meeting, Nice, France, April 2003.

Palmer, D. (2001), Measurement of rock fabric in shallow refraction seismology, 15th ASEG Conference and Exhibition, Australian Society of Exploration Geophysicists.

Palmer, D. (2001), Shallow refraction seismology for the new millenium, 15th ASEG Conference and Exhibition, Australian Society of Exploration Geophysicists.

Palmer, D. (2001), Amplitude “statics” in shallow refraction seismology, 15th ASEG Conference and Exhibition, Australian Society of Exploration Geophysicists.

Palmer, D. (2001), A simple approach to 3D shallow refraction seismology, 15th ASEG Conference and Exhibition, Australian Society of Exploration Geophysicists.

Palmer, D. & Jones, L. (2003), Detailed Refraction Statics with the GRM and the RCS, 16th ASEG Conference and Exhibition, Australian Society of Exploration Geophysicists.

Palmer, D. (2003), Application of amplitudes in shallow seismic refraction inversion, 16th ASEG Conference and Exhibition, Australian Society of Exploration Geophysicists.

Palmer, D. (2003) Derecke Does Dubbo - power point presentation

Rawlings, D, (2003), McArthur seismic survey update – AGES conference, Alice Springs, March 2003. The conference abstract outlines the logistics and operations, and eludes to data quality. Actual data and interpretations are presently confidential, so these have not been presented at any conference or in any publication or external report.


Reading, A.M. (2003), The SSCUA Seismic Deployment and East Antarctic Tectonic Targets - SEAP 2003, March 2003, Boulder, Colorado, USA (invited oral presentation).

Reading, A.M. & Kennett, B.L.N. (2003), Crustal structure in Western Australia. AGU & EGU Joint Meeting, Nice, France, April 2003.

Schultz, D. and Benshemesh, J. (July 2002). Why do Itjaritjari surface? Are they diseased? Wildlife Diseases Association Conference, Mary River, NT.

Sorjonen-Ward, P., Goleby, B.R., Korsch, R.J. & Drummond, B.J. (2003), Seismic imaging of Archaean crustal processes in the Yilgarn craton. Abstract, SGA meeting, Athens.

Stolz, E. (2003), Direct detection of gold bearing structures at St Ives, WA, - DHEM vs DHMMR. ASEG Conference, Adelaide, February 2003.Preview 102, 77.

Stolz, E. (2003), Kalgoorlie Exploration Group meeting, Kalgoorlie, June 2003. All seismic sections were presented and discussed. The St Ives seismic data has generated a lot of discussion interest from other gold miners and explorers active in the Eastern Goldfields Province.

Publications in Press

Blewett, R.S., Cassidy, K.F., Champion, D.C., Henson, P.A., Goleby, B.R., Jones, L. & Groenewald, P.B. (2003), The Wangkathaa Orogeny: an example of episodic regional ‘D2’ in the late Archaean Eastern Goldfields Province, Western Australia. Precambrian Research.

Blewett, R.S., Champion, D.C., Cassidy, K.F., Goleby, B.R., Bell, B., Groenewald, P.B., Nicoll, M.G. & Whitaker, A. (2003), Implications of the northern Yilgarn seismic to Leonora-Laverton 3D model. Geoscience Australia, Record.

Cassidy, K.F., Blewett, R.S., Champion, D.C. & Goleby, B.R, (2003), Northeastern Yilgarn seismic reflection survey: Implications for orogenic Au systems. Geoscience Australia, Record.

Debayle, E. & Kennett, B.L.N. (2003), Surface wave studies of the Australian region, in The Evolution and Dynamics of the Australian Plate, Geological Societies of Australia and America, (Ed. D. Müller & R. Hillis).

Drummond, B.J., Hobbs, R.W. & Goleby, B.R. (2003), The effects of out-of-plane seismic energy caused by three dimensional shear zone morphology on the nature of reflections in two dimensional crustal seismic sections. Geophysical Journal International.

Drummond, B.J., Hobbs, R.W. & Goleby, B.R. (2003), The effects of out-of-plane seismic energy on reflections in crustal-scale 2D seismic sections. Tectonophysics.

Fomin, T., Crawford, A.R. & Johnstone, D.W. (2003). A Wide-angle reflection experiment with vibroseis sourceS as part of a multidisciplinary seismic study of the Leonora-Laverton tectonic zone, Northeastern Yilgarn Craton. Australian Society of Exploration Geophysicists. submitted

Goleby, B.R. (2003), Great lengths for deeper view of SA mineral regions. AUSGEO News.

Goleby, B.R., Blewett, R.S., Groenewald, P.B., Cassidy, K.F., Champion, D.C., Jones, L.E.A., Korsch, R.J. Whitaker, A., Shevchenko, S., Bell, B. & Apak, S.N. (2003). The 2001 northeastern Yilgarn deep seismic reflection survey. Geoscience Australia, Record.

Goleby, B.R., Blewett, R., Groenewald, B., Cassidy, K.F., Champion, D.C., Korsch, R.J., Whitaker, A., Jones, L.E.A., Bell, B. & Apak, S.N.., 2003. Seismic interpretation of the northeastern Yilgarn craton. Geoscience Australia, Record.

Goleby B.R. & Korsch R.J. (2003), Aims of the northern Yilgarn deep seismic survey. Geoscience Australia, Record.


Goleby B.R. & Korsch R.J. (2003), Introduction to northeastern Yilgarn deep seismic survey. Geoscience Australia, Record.

Hong, T.-K. & Kennett, B.L.N. (2003), Modelling of seismc waves in heterogeneous media using a wavelet-based method: application to fault and subduction zones. Geophys. J. Int.

Jones, L.E.A., Goleby, B.R. & Barton, T.J. (2003), Seismic processing – 2001 northeastern Yilgarn seismic reflection survey (l154). Geoscience Australia, Record.

Jones, L.E.A., Goleby, B.R. & Drummond, B.J. (2003), Capabilities and limitations of the seismic reflection method in hard rock terranes. Geoscience Australia, Record.

Kennett, B.L.N. (2003), Seismic Structure in the mantle beneath Australia. in The Evolution and Dynamics of the Australian Plate, Geological Societies of Australia and America. (Ed. D. Müller & R. Hillis).

Kennett, B.L.N., Brown, D.J., Sambridge, M. & Tarlowski, C. (2003), Signal parameter estimation for sparse arrays. Bull. Seism. Soc. Am.

Palmer, D. (2001), Comments on “A brief study of the generalized reciprocal method and some of the limitations of the method” by Bengt Sjögren. submitted.

Palmer, D. (2003), Shallow seismic refraction inversion with velocity gradients, submitted.

Palmer, D. (2003), A simple approach to refraction statics with the GRM and the RCS, submitted.

Palmer, D. (2003), Effects of near-surface lateral variations on refraction amplitudes, submitted.

Palmer, D. (2003), A GRM and RCS Tutorial. 196 pages.

Zhao, C.-P., Kennett, B.L.N. & Furumura, T. (2003), Contrasts in regional wave propagation to station WMQ in central Asia, Geophys. J. Int.


List of Acronyms AGSO Australian Geological Survey Organisation AGU American Geophysical Union ANSIR Australian National Seismic Imaging Resource AnSWeR Antarctic Seismic Web Resource ANU Australian National University ARC Australian Research Council ASEG The Australian Society of Exploration Geophysicists CRC Cooperative Research Centre CRC LEME Cooperative Research Centre for Landscape Evolution and Mineral Exploration CSIRO Commonwealth Scientific Industrial Research Organisation DEST Commonwealth Department of Education, Science and Training DLWC Dept of Land and Water Conservation, NSW DSHMP Dryland Salinity Hazard Mitigation Program EGS European Geophysical Society EKS Electro-Kinetic Sounding EUG European Union of Geosciences GA Geoscience Australia GSV Geological Survey of Victoria, Dept. of Natural Resources and Environment Victoria GSWA Geological Survey of Western Australia IGNS Institute of Geological and Nuclear Sciences, NZ IUGG International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics JAMSTEC Japan Marine Science and Technology Center JUSF Joint University Seismic Facility MNRF Major National Research Facility MRT Mineral Resources Tasmania NP&W SA SA Department for Environment and Heritage NTGS Northern Territory Geological Survey pmd*CRC Predictive Mineral Discovery Cooperative Research Centre SSCUA Seismic Structure of the Continent Under Antarctica UWA University of Western Australia RSES Research School of Earth Sciences, ANU


ANSIR Contact Details General Enquiries Email [email protected] ANSIR Director: Prof. B. L. N. Kennett, Research School of Earth Sciences Australian National University Canberra ACT 0200 Phone: 02 6125 4621 Fax: 02 6257 2737 Email [email protected] ANSIR Deputy Director: Dr Bruce Goleby Geoscience Australia GPO Box 378 Canberra ACT 2601 Phone 02 6249 9404 Fax: 02 6249 9972 Email [email protected] ANSIR Executive Officer: Tim Barton. Geoscience Australia GPO Box 378 Canberra ACT 2601 Phone 02 6249 9625 Fax: 02 6249 9972 Email [email protected] Mrs Mary McDonald (Finance Officer) Research School of Earth Sciences Australian National University Canberra ACT 0200 Tel 02 6125 2610 Fax 02 6125 0738 Email [email protected] Mr Steven Sirotjuk (Assistant Operations Manager) Research School of Earth Sciences Australian National University Canberra ACT 0200 Tel 02 6125 4922 Fax 02 6257 2737 Email [email protected] ANSIR website: http://rses.anu.edu.au/seismology/ANSIR/ansir.html


LEGACY DATASETS: ANSIR is the custodian of BMR, AGSO and Geoscience Australia onshore controlled source seismic datasets acquired since 1949. Details of seismic lines may be obtained using the Geoscience Australia on-line mapping tool at: http://www.ga.gov.au/map/national/ ANSIR Seismic Reflection Data Officer: David Johnstone Geoscience Australia GPO Box 378 Canberra ACT 2601 Phone 02 6249 9446 Fax: 02 6249 9972 Email [email protected]


APPENDIX 1 ANSIR SEISMIC EQUIPMENT

SEISMIC REFLECTION ACQUISITION SYSTEM: ARAM24 (24 bit Delta-Sigma) comprising the following components:

GPS True-time option 48 x RAM units @ 8 channels per RAM (384 channels) 4 x CRU Line Interface Cards 5 x Line Tap Units (LTU) 80 x 24V 12 AH Battery Packs 65 x ARAM24 Telemetry cable with 8 takeouts @ 43m 10 x ARAM24 Telemetry cable with 4 takeouts @ 40m 10 x ARAM24 Telemetry baseline cable 348m 5 x ARAM24 Telemetry baseline cable 105m 46 x ARAM24 Telemetry cable with 8 takeouts @ 12.5m

For technical specifications see: Geo-X website http://www.aram.com/ ENERGY SOURCES Vibroseis:

4 x IVI Birdwagen Mk 4b with Hemi-60 Vibrator 60,000 lb P-wave Vibrators.

1 x IVI T15000 truck mounted Minivib 6,000 lb P and S-wave, 10 to 500Hz. (This vibrator may also be interfaced with other seismic systems eg Strataview)

For technical specifications see: Industrial Vehicles International website: http://www.indvehicles.com/ Explosives:

Pelton ShotPro Dynamite radio firing system. For technical specifications see: Pelton website http://www.peltonco.com/Docs/shotpro.html VIBRATOR ELECTRONICS:

Pelton Advance II Vibrator Controller For technical specifications see: Pelton website http://www.peltonco.com/Docs/documentation.html GEOPHONES: 432 x Strings of 12 x GS-32CT 10 Hz, 395 ohm vertical, 4m spacing (6S x 2P) in PC-801-LPC case. 200 x Strings of 4 x GS-32CT 10 Hz 395 ohm vertical, 4m spacing (2S x 2P) in PC-801-LPC case. 144 x Strings of 4 (2S x 2P) GS-20DH 40 Hz 600 ohm vertical in PC-21 case. 144 x Single GS-100 100 Hz 975 ohm vertical in PC-801-LPC case.


120 x 14 Hz Single 3 component GS-20DM 14 Hz geophones, PC-3D case For technical specifications see: Geospace website http://www.geospacelp.com/ 1 x SENSOR SMT 200 geophone tester For technical specifications see:http://www.geosys.co.jp/GEO/Sensor/img/SMT-200.pdf 2 x Geostuff BHG-3, Borehole Geophone, 3 component with fluxgate compass servo orientation system and motor driven, wall-lock mechanism, 80m cable. For technical specifications see: http://www.georadar.com/geophone.htm FACILTIES MANAGER: Field operations for the ANSIR reflection seismic facility are carried out by: Trace Energy Services Pty. Ltd. Unit 2, 1st Floor, 37 Howson Way, Bibra Lake, Western Australia 6163 Phone: 08 9434 4388 Fax: 08 9434 5211 Email address: [email protected] Trace Energy Services website: http://www.tracenergy.com/pages/home.htm PORTABLE INSTRUMENT COMPONENT: From 2002 July 1, 2002 the instrumentation available includes both equipment bought with the ANSIR capital grant and equipment owned by the Research School of Earth Sciences, ANU (when not required by ANU researchers) SHORT PERIOD RECORDERS 50 x 16 bit recording units -

Solid state, 80 Mb flash card memory 1 Hz seismometer 4.5 Hz three-component geophone

35 x 13 bit recording units Solid state, 80 Mb flash card memory 1 Hz seismometer

BROAD BAND SYSTEMS - (based in Antarctica) 7 x Nanometrics Orion recorders

24 bit, 3-channel Dual solar power assembly 2 Gybte disc storage

6 x Guralp CMG3ESP seismometers 1 x Streckeisen STS2 seismometer


BROAD BAND SYSTEMS - (based in Australia) 12 x Earth Data recorders

24 bit, 3 channel 9 Gbyte disc storage Solar power assembly

7 x Nanometrics Orion recorders

24 bit, 3-channel 2 Gybte disc storage Solar power assembly

10 x Reftek 72A-07 recorders

24 bit, 3-channel 18 Gybte disc storage Solar power assembly

4 x Reftek 72A-02 recorders

16 bit, 6 channel 2 Gbyte disc Solar power assembly

BROAD BAND SEISMOMETERS

4 x Streckeisen STS2 seismometers 12 x Guralp CMG-3ESP seismometers 15 x Guralp CMG-40T seismometers 2 x Nanometrics Trillium seismometers 10 x Guralp CMG3ESP seismometers

australian national seismic imaging …ansir.org.au/ar/annualreport2002-2003_geophysicists), and...

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