-A potentially fatal disease infecting the spleen, liver, and bone marrow-A potentially fatal disease infecting the spleen, liver, and bone marrow

-The second most deadly parasite behind Malaria-The second most deadly parasite behind Malaria

-An epidemic infecting approximately 500,000 people each year-An epidemic infecting approximately 500,000 people each year

-Often accompanies AIDS and malaria-Often accompanies AIDS and malaria

-Side effects include fatigue, high fever,-Side effects include fatigue, high fever, weight loss, anemia, and inflammation weight loss, anemia, and inflammation of infected organsof infected organs

-treatment includes daily vaccinations -treatment includes daily vaccinations continuous for one monthcontinuous for one month

-An urgent concern for the World Health-An urgent concern for the World Health Organization, and most recently for the Organization, and most recently for the people of Sudanpeople of Sudan

A microscopic image of Kala-AzarA microscopic image of Kala-Azar

Disturbing examples of side effects and symptoms of Kala-Azar

-A recent outbreak of Kala-Azar has manifested itself in Southern -A recent outbreak of Kala-Azar has manifested itself in Southern SudanSudan

-Over 6,300 cases of the disease have appeared in the region this -Over 6,300 cases of the disease have appeared in the region this year, more year, more

than ten times higher than last year and the year before than ten times higher than last year and the year before that that

-In this year alone there have been more than 300 fatalities in -In this year alone there have been more than 300 fatalities in Sudan due toSudan due to

contraction of Kala-Azarcontraction of Kala-Azar

-The disease is known to spread rapidly throughout impoverished -The disease is known to spread rapidly throughout impoverished communities whose citizens are malnourished communities whose citizens are malnourished

-Sudan has the potential to spread the disease rapidly inside its -Sudan has the potential to spread the disease rapidly inside its own own borders, as well as outside them.borders, as well as outside them.

-The World Health Organization urges immediate action before the -The World Health Organization urges immediate action before the virus virus becomes uncontrollablebecomes uncontrollable

Patients suffering from Kala-Azar disease rest outside Malakal Hospital, Upper Nile State, in Southern Sudan

Patients awaiting treatment at a temporary hospital service in Sudan being coordinate by Doctors Without Borders

On October 8On October 8thth 2010, the 2010, the World Health World Health

Organization stated in an Organization stated in an official report that official report that

approximately $700,000 approximately $700,000 was needed to fund the was needed to fund the effort to eradicate the effort to eradicate the

virus in Sudan.virus in Sudan.

Map of Southern Sudan showing the 2 foci of visceral leishmaniasis. Shaded areas represent regions where primary cases were reported. Inset shows location of Sudan in Africa. Shaded areas would be prime locations for establishment of medical facilities (Adapted from World Health Organization).

Amount of Funds (Minimum) Purpose Provided by

US $70,000Training in specific procedures of medical personnel

International Development Agency, International Red Cross, Doctors Without Borders

US $20,000Additional research of controlling Kala-Azar in Sudan

International Development Agency, WHO-sponsored research facilities

US $10,000Planning of specific implementation process by WHO International Development Agency

US $75,000Hosting, conducting, and generating conferences with Sudan's government International Development Agency

US $110,000Acquiring of nutritional aid and medical equipment

International Development Agency, International Red Cross, Doctors Without Borders

US $90,000Obtaining of materials necessary to construct temporatry health facilities

International Development Agency, International Red Cross, Doctors Without Borders

US $95,000Sustainment of facilities for approximately 9 months International Development Agency

US $100,000Sustainment of personnel operating in facilities

International Development Agency, International Red Cross, Doctors Without Borders

US $85,000International Peacekeeping Forces protecting facilities International Development Agency

US $35,000Transportation of personnel, peacekkepers, WHO representatives

International Development Agency, International Red Cross, Doctors Without Borders

US $10,000Separate emergency allocation in case of fund shortage for particular purpose International Development Agency

Total: US $700,000

Commencement of medical training and Commencement of medical training and researchresearch

preparations.preparations.

Negotiations initiated with Sudan’s Negotiations initiated with Sudan’s governmentgovernment

Completion of training and researchCompletion of training and research

Completion of legal negotiationsCompletion of legal negotiations

Establishment of temporary medical facilitiesEstablishment of temporary medical facilities

Sustained WHO presence in areaSustained WHO presence in area

Gradual removal of WHO presence, an Gradual removal of WHO presence, an estimated estimated completion of projectcompletion of project

Nov./Dec. 2010Nov./Dec. 2010

December 2010December 2010

February 2011February 2011

Summer 2011Summer 2011

August 2011August 2011

Aug 2011 - May Aug 2011 - May 20122012

September 2012September 2012

-Training/acquiring of medical personnelTraining/acquiring of medical personnel

-Research for specific implementation precautionsResearch for specific implementation precautions

-Establishment of temporary health facilities in SudanEstablishment of temporary health facilities in Sudan

-Conferences with The Red Cross and Doctors Without BordersConferences with The Red Cross and Doctors Without Borders

-Negotiations with Sudan’s government over legal concernsNegotiations with Sudan’s government over legal concerns

-Supplying of nutritional aid for victimsSupplying of nutritional aid for victims

-Providing medical equipment and transportationProviding medical equipment and transportation

-Protection of WHO operations in SudanProtection of WHO operations in Sudan

-Sustainment of personnel and facilitiesSustainment of personnel and facilities

-Reduce an additional danger threatening the people of SudanReduce an additional danger threatening the people of Sudan

-Fight impoverished living conditions for citizens in the regionFight impoverished living conditions for citizens in the region

-Prevent the disease from spreading to other nationsPrevent the disease from spreading to other nations

-Replace death and misery with revival and hopeReplace death and misery with revival and hope

-Provide nutritional and medical aid to people in needProvide nutritional and medical aid to people in need

-Save civilians from being destroyed from the inside and out by -Save civilians from being destroyed from the inside and out by the virusthe virus

-Restore a healthier environment for the people of Sudan-Restore a healthier environment for the people of Sudan