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ED 033 562
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Abstract
DCCUNENT RESUME
EF 003 721
Fara, PernardA College ?ea14-h Center.Educational Facilities LaLs., Inc., NwYork, N.Y.6336p.
EDFS Price MF-1-'0.2 FCS1.9('fuilding Design, *Funding Innovation,Clinics, *College Findings, CollegePlanning, Construction Costs, *DesignFeeds, *Flexible Facilities, *HealthFacilities, Health Needs, !ealth Services,Interior Space; Study FacilitiesColorado College, Knox College, Wittenberg
College
This report considers Problems andsolutions related to the design and establishment ofcollege health facilities. This includes the results of a
study involving Colorado, Knox, and Wittenberg Colleges in
which personal visits and expert testimony concluded that
the health services of small colleges in the central and
western states were seriously inadequate- A Prototypesolution was developed by an architectural firm to meet the
needs of span independent liberal arts colleges. Specificconsiderations included--(1) internal expansion and
flexibility, (2) study and recreational facilities, and (3)
supervision and space relationships. This solutionconsisted of a circular building with patient rocms on the
perimeter and a raised central nursing station, withauxiliary waiting and treatment rooms and an attached
nurses residence. An important feature was the provision of
study space which could be replaced with emergency beds.The Prototype is intended as a low cost combination clinic
and infirmary. Specifications, layouts, and elevations are
given with the supporting design analysis. This document
was previously announced as ED 015 630. (Ni)
Cas
e S
tudi
es o
fE
duca
tiona
l Fac
ilitie
s#6
AC
olle
geH
ealth
Cen
ter
Pre
pare
d by
Ber
nard
Bar
dw
ith
An
Arc
hite
ctur
al A
nsw
er
by C
audi
ll, R
owle
tt &
Sco
tt
Arc
hite
cts
Pla
nner
sIn
gine
ers
A R
epor
t fro
mE
duca
tiona
l Fac
ilitie
sLa
bora
torie
sE
FL
lit I
R 4
9411
ww
wim
pmep
rim
pmpr
ompl
qww
p.w
sr...
.7...
,
"Col
lege
dor
mito
ries,
cla
ssro
om b
uild
ings
, and
stu
dent
cen
ters
ther
e
are
the
show
room
s. T
hat's
whe
re w
eta
ke p
rosp
ectiv
e do
nors
, old
alu
mni
,
and
next
yea
r's fr
eshm
en. L
ook,
ther
e's
old
Mar
k H
opki
ns o
ver
ther
.9.b
y
the
log
fire.
And
,th
ere,
that
's o
ne o
f our
stu
dent
s ha
ving
cof
fee
with
a
prof
esso
r. A
ll of
this
is e
min
ently
sal
able
. But
bac
k of
the
show
room
is th
e
repa
ir sh
opth
e in
firm
ary.
We
uon'
t adv
ertis
e th
is. I
t has
been
repe
ated
ly a
step
child
faci
lity
on to
o m
any
cam
puse
s. T
here
is to
oof
ten
a gr
udgi
ng
acce
ptan
ce th
at it
has
to b
e th
ere
atal
l."
LO
UIS
T. B
EN
EZ
ET
Pre
side
nt, C
olor
ado
Col
lege
TH
E I
NFI
RM
AR
Y A
T O
NE
MID
WE
ST U
NIV
ER
SIT
Y is
a s
ingl
e ro
omin
the
corn
er o
fth
e gy
m. T
here
are
no
prov
isio
ns f
or th
e ov
erni
ght c
are
of a
sic
k st
uden
t. A
bad
case
of
mea
sles
or
an a
ttack
of
viru
s re
sults
in th
e st
uden
t bei
ng s
ent
hom
e, if
he
lives
nea
rby,
or
bein
g ad
mitt
ed to
the
loca
l hos
pita
l, th
ree
mile
saw
ay, i
f th
ere
is r
oom
. A s
tude
nt w
ith a
mild
ailm
ent m
ay b
e se
nt to
an
impr
ovis
ed s
ick
bay
in th
e do
rm, b
ut th
e ho
use
mot
her
or c
ampu
s nu
rse
has
to n
egle
ct h
er o
ther
dut
ies
to c
are
for
the
unex
pect
ed p
atie
nt.
A p
rofe
ssor
die
d at
ano
ther
Mid
wes
t col
lege
som
e ye
ars
ago
and
be-
quea
thed
his
old
hou
se to
the
adm
inis
trat
ion.
No
one
knew
pre
cise
lyw
hat t
odo
with
it, s
o it
was
con
vert
ed in
to a
hea
lth c
ente
r fo
r th
e 71
6st
uden
ts. T
here
isn'
t eno
ugh
spac
e to
seg
rega
te m
ale
and
fe.n
ale
patie
nts
prop
erly
in th
e 2
upst
airs
infi
rmar
y. T
here
is n
o el
evat
or,
and
on s
ever
al o
ccas
ions
nur
ses
have
trip
per;
car
ting
tray
s of
foo
d up
stai
rs.
"We'
ve a
sked
for
a d
umbw
aite
r,"
says
the
head
nur
se, "
but s
o fa
r ha
ven'
tbe
en a
ble
to g
et it
. It w
ould
cos
t$200
or $
300.
We'
ve b
een
told
it's
in th
eplanning
stag
e. T
here
has
bee
n so
me
talk
abou
t rem
odel
ing
the
build
ing,
but
I th
ink
the
only
rea
l sol
utio
n is
a n
ewbu
ildin
g."
A m
urde
r w
as c
omm
itted
in1928
in a
n ol
d fa
rmho
use
near
the
cam
pus
of a
teac
hers
col
lege
in P
enns
ylva
nia.
The
str
uctu
re s
tood
em
pty
for
year
sbe
caus
e pe
ople
wer
e af
raid
to b
uy it
.E
vent
ually
the
Stat
e ac
quir
ed ti
tle, a
ndtu
rned
it o
ver
to th
e co
llege
for
an
infi
rmar
y. T
he u
pper
two
floo
rs w
ere
rem
odel
ed in
to b
ed-s
pace
for
11
patie
nts,
but,
two
year
s ag
o, "
an e
ffic
ienc
yex
pert
ste
pped
in a
nd th
ey to
okit
away
fro
m u
s,"
says
the
assi
stan
tdi
rect
or
of h
ealth
ser
vice
s. T
he to
p fl
oors
wer
eco
nver
ted
into
an
anne
x fo
r th
e ex
-pa
ndin
g do
rmito
ry p
opul
atio
n. N
owth
e on
ly b
ed is
dow
nsta
irs
in th
ela
mp
room
. Stu
dent
s w
ho g
etsi
ck a
re r
emov
ed to
the
near
est
hosp
ital.
The
sta
tus
of h
ealth
cen
ters
on
Am
eric
an c
olle
ge c
ampu
sess
harp
ly d
if-
fere
ntia
ted
betw
een
"hav
es"
and
"hav
e-no
ts"h
asbe
en a
sou
rce
of g
row
ing_
conc
ern
and
alar
m a
mon
gm
edic
al e
xper
ts a
nd c
olle
ge a
dmin
istr
ator
s.T
hefa
cilit
ies
rang
e fr
om z
ero
to th
e fi
ve-s
tory
Uni
vers
ity H
ealth
Ser
vice
bui
ldin
gne
wly
ope
ned
at H
arva
rd U
nive
rsity
.T
he C
ambr
idge
cen
ter,
with
und
er-
grou
nd p
arki
ng o
n tw
o le
vels
for
appr
oxim
atel
y 18
0 ca
rs, i
s th
e ex
cept
ion.
The
rul
e is
a m
akes
hift
str
uctu
re,
som
etim
es a
ste
p aw
ay f
rom
con
dem
natio
nan
d of
ten
star
ved
for
equi
pmen
tan
d pe
rson
nel.
"No
one
know
s, n
or is
ther
e an
yda
ta to
ans
wer
the
ques
tion
a3 to
whe
ther
colle
ge h
ealth
ser
vice
s ar
e pr
ovid
ing
qual
ity m
edic
al c
are,
" th
e A
mer
ican
1-1a
rvar
d: A
Hig
h po
int i
n co
llege
Med
ical
Ass
ocia
tion
Cou
ncil
onM
edic
al S
ervi
ces
said
aft
er a
nat
ionw
ide
med
ical
ser
vice
and
des
ign.
surv
ey o
n N
ovem
ber
7, 1
961.
"T
hus
far
this
is a
nun
answ
ered
que
stio
n. I
t is
Ser
t, Ja
ckso
n &
Gou
rley,
Arc
hite
cts
cert
ain
that
som
e co
llege
s ar
epr
ovid
ing
qual
ity m
edic
al c
are,
and
som
e ar
eno
t. It
is a
fac
t tha
t a s
ubst
antia
lnu
mbe
r ar
e no
t pro
vidi
ng a
ny m
edic
al c
are
at a
ll ac
cord
ing
to th
e su
rvey
repo
rts.
"A
n ea
rlie
r su
rvey
(1953)
by th
e A
mer
ican
Col
lege
Hea
lthA
ssoc
iatio
n
drew
res
pons
es f
rom
1,545
colle
ges
and
univ
ersi
ties.
Tha
tin
quir
y, th
e m
ost
:474
lap/
t
.4
111.
,
do.pi
rL.
a
110-
1,..
- -O
NO
3
com
preh
ensi
ve to
dat
e, r
evea
led
that
whi
le h
undr
eds
of th
ousa
nds
of s
tude
nts
have
ava
ilabl
e "t
he f
ines
t ski
lls a
nd f
acili
ties"
for
trea
ting
illne
ssan
d m
ain-
tain
ing
good
hea
lth, h
undr
eds
of th
ousa
nds
of le
ss f
ortu
nate
stu
dent
s at
tend
colle
ges
"whi
ch c
ontr
ibut
e es
sent
ially
not
hing
to th
e pr
otec
tion
and
impr
ove-
men
t" o
f he
alth
. The
pic
ture
is e
ssen
tially
the
sam
e to
day.
Tra
ditio
nally
, the
larg
er c
olle
ges
and
univ
ersi
ties
have
bee
n ab
le to
aff
ord
the
mul
ti-m
illio
n-do
llar
heal
th p
avili
ons
with
sol
ariu
ms
on th
e ro
of th
at h
ave
won
rav
e no
tices
in m
edic
al p
ublic
atio
ns. A
nd tr
aditi
onal
ly, i
t is
the
smal
ler,
inde
pend
ent l
iber
al a
rts
colle
ges
with
sho
rter
his
tori
es, t
ight
er b
udge
ts, a
ndfe
wer
stu
dent
s th
at h
ave
had
to m
ake
do w
itha
few
bed
s sh
oeho
rned
into
the
corn
er o
f th
e do
rm. H
ealth
ser
vice
s at
man
y te
ache
rs c
olle
ges,
oft
en n
egle
cted
in s
tate
uni
vers
ity b
udge
ts, a
re a
lso
on th
e si
ck li
st.
In th
is s
ettin
g, a
gain
st a
bac
kdro
p of
mou
ntin
g cr
itici
sm f
rom
cam
pus
heal
th e
xper
ts a
nd a
gro
win
g aw
aren
ess
of th
e co
llege
s' r
espo
nsib
ilitie
s in
the
fiel
d of
stu
dent
hea
lth, t
hree
col
lege
s pi
onee
red
a st
udy
ofa
prop
osed
hea
lthce
nter
that
cou
ld b
e a
mod
el f
or s
mal
l, lib
eral
art
s in
stitu
tions
.Jo
inin
g in
the
stud
y w
ere
Col
orad
o C
olle
ge, a
mile
hig
h in
the
shad
ow o
fPi
kes
Peak
in C
olor
ado
Spri
ngs;
Kno
x C
olle
ge in
Gal
esbu
rg, I
llino
is, i
n th
efl
atla
nds
not f
ar f
rom
the
Mis
siss
ippi
; and
Witt
enbe
rg U
nive
rsity
, in
Spri
ng-
fiel
d, O
hio,
just
nor
th o
f R
oute
40,
a m
ain
road
link
ing
St. L
ouis
and
Col
um-
bus.
All
thre
e ar
e sm
alle
r, in
depe
nden
t lib
eral
art
s co
llege
s. A
ll 'th
ree
face
aco
mm
on p
robl
eman
und
erno
uris
hed
cam
pus
heal
th f
acili
ty.
The
stu
dy, u
nder
wri
tten
by a
$10
,000
gra
nt f
rom
Edu
catio
nal F
acili
ties
Lab
orat
orie
s, c
onfi
rmed
thro
ugh
pers
onal
vis
its a
nd th
e te
stim
ony
of e
xper
tsw
hat w
as lo
ng s
uspe
cted
heal
th s
ervi
ces
at a
maj
ority
of
smal
l col
lege
s in
the
cent
ral a
nd w
este
rn s
tate
s w
ere
pate
ntly
inad
equa
te.
The
pre
scri
ptio
n, a
s w
ritte
n by
the
arch
itect
ural
fir
m o
f C
audi
ll, R
owle
tt&
Sco
tt of
Hou
ston
, was
a p
ropo
sed
low
-cos
t, su
per-
func
tiona
l hea
lth c
ente
rth
at w
ould
be
appe
alin
g to
the
eye,
the
budg
et o
ffic
er, a
nd th
e pa
tient
.T
he s
ugge
sted
pro
toty
pe c
olle
ge h
ealth
cen
ter
wou
ld b
e an
infi
rmar
y-in
-th
e-ro
und.
Whi
le c
ircu
lar
build
ings
are
not
new
to th
e ca
mpu
s, n
or in
hos
-pi
tal p
lann
ing,
the
circ
ul r
rou
te h
ad n
ever
bee
n tr
avel
ed b
efor
e in
des
igni
ng
4
a ca
mpu
s he
alth
cen
ter.
Thi
s is
som
e of
the
reas
onin
g be
hind
the
desi
gn a
sex
pres
sed
by W
illia
m C
. Cau
dill:
"The
re a
re th
ree
basi
c co
ncep
ts d
esig
ned
into
this
cent
er: i
nter
nal e
xpan
-si
on in
cas
e of
a s
udde
n up
swin
g in
pat
ient
load
,cen
tral
con
trol
by
one
duty
-nu
rse
in a
rai
sed
nune
s' s
tatio
n, a
nd a
kee
p-th
e-st
uden
t-in
-sch
ool
kind
of
med
ical
set
up.
"In
my
min
d, th
is la
st is
per
haps
the
mos
tim
port
ant.
Thi
s is
not
just
aho
spita
l. It
's d
esig
ned
to k
eep
the
stud
ents
in th
ebu
sine
ss o
f ed
ucat
ion.
The
yw
ill r
emai
n cl
ose
to c
olle
ge a
nd b
ooks
. The
y ca
n ev
enta
ke e
xam
s w
hile
they
'rege
tting
wel
l. T
he o
bjec
tive
is to
kee
p th
e st
uden
t in
aned
ucat
iona
l env
iron
-m
ent,
whe
neve
r po
ssib
le.
"The
re w
ould
be
fold
-in
desk
s ne
ar e
very
bed
, ors
tudy
car
rels
in th
e st
udy
area
out
side
the
patie
ntal
cove
s. T
here
's n
o re
ason
why
clo
sed-
circ
uit t
ele-
visi
on c
an't
be p
iped
into
the
heal
th c
ente
r if
the
colle
ge p
uts
its le
ctur
es o
nvi
deot
ape.
"Thi
s is
a le
an a
nd c
lean
str
uctu
re, n
othi
ngsu
perf
luou
s. T
here
's n
o gi
nger
-br
ead
on it
. The
cir
cula
r de
sign
giv
es a
lot
for
the
mon
ey. Y
ou c
an e
nclo
sem
ore
insi
de s
pace
with
less
out
side
wal
l spa
ce. I
t's s
impl
e ge
omet
ry.
Als
o, it
'spr
etty
dif
ficu
lt to
get
10
or m
ore
room
sin
to a
sm
all u
nit w
ithou
t mak
ing
it a
circ
le. T
his
does
the
job
it se
ts o
ut to
do
with
effi
cien
cy a
nd e
cono
my.
"A h
ealth
cen
ter
shou
ld s
ay in
no
unce
rtai
n te
rms,
'I h
ave
a jo
b to
do
to k
eep
thes
e bo
ys a
nd g
irls
in s
choo
l,to
kee
p th
em h
ealth
y.' W
hen
you
look
at m
any
heal
th c
ente
rs o
n A
mer
ican
colle
ge c
ampu
ses,
they
say
, 'I'm
an
old
hous
e, a
nd n
othi
ng m
ore,
just
a b
are
stru
ctur
al c
ell.
And
the
kids
in h
ere
are
in c
old
stor
age.
'"T
he k
ey to
the
prop
osed
hea
lth c
ente
r is
ase
ries
of
thre
e co
ncen
tric
rin
gs.
(See
illu
stra
tion,
pag
e 21
.) T
he o
uter
rin
g,w
here
the
tire
wou
ld b
e on
a w
heel
,w
ould
con
tain
pat
ient
s' r
oom
s, a
n en
tran
celo
bby,
and
spe
cial
roo
ms
for
X-r
ayw
ork,
con
sulta
tions
, and
exa
min
atio
ns. T
hein
ner
circ
le, t
o w
hich
am
bula
tory
patie
nts
wou
ld h
ave
free
acc
ess,
wou
ldbe
res
erve
d as
a s
tudy
are
a. T
he s
tudy
area
wou
ld f
unct
ion
as a
"bel
low
s,"
easi
ly c
onve
rtib
le to
mor
e be
d-sp
ace
asth
e pa
tient
load
dem
ands
. A c
ircu
lar
nurs
es' s
tatio
n, th
e in
side
rin
g, w
ould
ei
eat.
Pat
ient
qua
rter
s at
Nor
thw
este
rnU
nive
rsity
's h
ealth
cen
ter
offe
r a
subs
tant
ial d
egre
e of
stu
dent
com
fort
, inc
ludi
ng p
rivat
e ph
ones
.
e.
-4-1
71ir
;4.
Sea
rle H
all,
the
stud
ent i
nfirm
ary
at th
e E
vans
ton,
111
,. ca
mpu
s of
Nor
thw
este
rn U
nive
rsity
, is
attr
activ
e fr
om th
e ou
tsid
e...a
ndth
e in
side
. Pho
togr
aph
belo
w:
stud
ents
aw
aitin
g th
eir
turn
at s
ick
call.
Hol
abird
& R
oot,
Arc
hite
cts.
Al
II,
CO
I11
31
Iill
WW
I 10
Mita
IN
11
II*!
UI
111'
1Ilt
rqtiv
ti It
I1
P'II
offe
r ar
ound
-the
-clo
ck c
ontr
ol b
y of
feri
ng a
ful
l vie
w o
f al
lpa
tient
s, w
heth
erth
ey a
re in
thei
r ro
oms
or a
t a s
tudy
car
rel i
n th
e"w
ork"
are
a. A
n op
erab
lew
all,
mad
e up
of
slid
ing
pane
ls a
nd s
uspe
nded
fro
m a
latti
cew
ork
of o
verh
ead
trac
ks, w
ould
pro
vide
seg
rega
tion
betw
een
the
men
's a
ndw
omen
's in
firm
ary.
The
wal
l cou
ld b
e sw
ung
into
dif
fere
nt p
ositi
ons
arou
nd th
e st
udy
area
as
the
patie
nt lo
ad v
arie
d in
sex
. In
case
the
patie
nts
wer
eev
enly
div
ided
bet
wee
nm
en a
nd w
omen
, the
wal
lw
ould
bis
ect t
he s
tudy
are
a do
wn
the
mid
dle.
The
heal
th c
ente
r w
ould
not
be
com
mitt
ed to
a m
en's
or
aw
omen
's in
firm
ary
of s
tatic
siz
e.T
he p
eake
d ro
of w
ould
inco
rpor
ate
a ci
rcul
ar s
kylig
htth
at w
ould
thro
wi
dire
ct s
unlig
ht in
to th
e "c
old
inte
rior
," in
Mr.
Cau
dill'
sw
ords
, n th
e de
epes
tre
cess
es o
f th
e he
alth
cent
erth
e st
udy
area
and
nur
ses'
sta
tion.
Sepa
rate
d fr
om th
e ce
nter
by
a br
eeze
way
, a s
elf-
cont
aine
dnu
rses
' apa
rt-
men
t, in
clud
ing
bedr
oom
, din
ing-
and-
livin
g ro
om,
and
kitc
hen,
wou
ld o
ffer
the
chie
f nu
rse
and
perh
aps
one
of h
er a
ssis
tant
s a
near
by h
aven
adja
cent
to th
eir
patie
nts
in c
ase
of e
mer
genc
y, y
etre
mov
ed to
aff
ord
them
pri
vacy
and
free
dom
in o
ff-d
uty
hour
s. T
he lo
catio
n of
the
nurs
es' s
tatio
n at
the
cent
er o
f th
e st
udy
area
, and
the
loca
tion
of a
n ap
artm
ent a
djac
ent t
o th
ehe
alth
cen
ter,
cou
ld b
ring
pay
roll
savi
ngs
tosm
alle
r co
llege
s. I
f ne
cess
ary,
one
nurs
e co
uld
man
the
stat
ion
duri
ng b
usy
dayt
ime
hour
s. S
he c
ould
ret
ire
to h
er a
part
men
t in
the
even
ing,
with
stud
ent a
ides
taki
ng h
er p
lace
at t
henu
rses
' sta
tion
to a
ssur
e ar
ound
- th
e -c
lock
con
trol
and
supe
rvis
ion.
At a
ser
ies
of c
onfe
renc
es in
196
1 an
d 19
62 a
tC
olor
ado
Col
lege
, Kno
xC
olle
ge, a
nd th
e H
oust
on o
ffic
es o
f C
audi
ll, R
owle
tt &
Scot
t, co
llege
rep
re-
sent
ativ
es e
xpre
ssed
una
nim
ous
enth
usia
sm f
or th
e"l
et-t
hem
-stu
dy-w
hile
-th
ey-g
et-w
ell"
con
cept
that
is th
e co
rner
ston
e of
the
prop
osed
heal
th c
ente
r.A
ll th
e de
ans
and
med
ical
men
kne
w th
e pe
nalty
impo
sed
on s
tude
nts
by a
prol
onge
d ho
spita
l sta
y, o
r th
e ne
cess
ity o
f be
ing
sent
hom
e. R
emov
al f
rom
the
mai
nstr
eam
of
acad
emic
life
for
sev
eral
cru
cial
day
s, o
r m
ore,
coul
d m
ean
the
loss
of
a se
mes
tero
r th
e ab
rupt
term
inat
ion
of a
coll.
)ge
care
er. I
t was
unde
rsto
od th
at th
e he
alth
cen
ter
wou
ld n
ot r
epla
ce a
hosp
ital,
to w
hich
stud
ents
wou
ld b
e as
sign
ed in
cas
e of
a s
ever
em
edic
al e
mer
genc
y. B
ut it 6
wou
ld r
epre
sent
an
oppo
rtun
ity f
or a
qui
ckre
turn
to s
tudy
, on
a lim
ited
basi
s, d
urin
g th
e pe
riod
of
recu
pera
tion.
A m
ajor
pro
blem
on
all c
olle
ge c
ampu
ses
is th
e po
ssib
ility
of
an e
pide
mic
.A
sian
flu
str
uck
an e
stim
ated
300
,000
col
lege
stud
ents
dur
ing
1957
-58.
The
prop
osed
sm
all c
olle
ge h
ealth
cen
ter
mak
es n
opr
eten
se o
f be
ing
able
toac
com
mod
ate
vict
ims
of a
maj
or e
pide
mic
.A
fac
ility
of
that
siz
e w
ould
be
fina
ncia
lly u
nfea
sibl
e. "
You
can
't bu
ildho
spita
ls f
or e
pide
mic
s, a
ny m
ore
than
you
can
des
ign
chur
ches
for
the
big
Eas
ter
crow
d,"
Mr.
Cau
dill
told
the
acad
emic
ians
. "So
we'
ve d
esig
ned
som
ethi
ng th
at w
ill s
tret
ch li
ke a
ballo
on to
cop
e w
ith a
lim
ited
upsu
rge
in p
atie
nt lo
ad."
The
"ba
lloon
" w
ould
be th
e st
udy
area
. Des
ks a
nd lo
unge
furn
iture
cou
ld b
e re
mov
ed a
nd r
epla
ced
by b
eds
in c
ase
of a
min
or e
pide
mic
.E
xpan
sion
of
faci
litie
s w
ould
com
e fr
omw
ithin
. In
case
s w
here
a r
apid
incr
ease
in e
nrol
lmen
t ove
rtax
es th
e he
alth
cent
er, e
xter
nal e
xpan
sion
cou
ld b
eac
com
plis
hed
by a
ddin
g "s
atel
lite"
hea
lthce
nter
s to
the
exis
ting
build
ing.
Eac
h be
d al
cove
mig
ht c
onta
in tw
o or
four
bed
s, d
epen
ding
on
doct
ors'
pref
eren
ces.
Eac
h w
ould
hav
e its
ow
nba
thro
om. T
he a
lcov
e co
uld
be s
cree
ned
off
for
priv
acy
for
each
bed
-pat
ient
from
the
over
flow
stu
dy a
rea.
Alm
ost a
ll th
e ad
vant
ages
bui
lt in
toth
e ci
rcul
ar h
ealth
cen
ter
coul
d be
adap
ted
into
a m
ore
conv
entio
nal,
rect
angu
lar
stru
ctur
e (I
llust
ratio
ns 1
4 an
d15
). T
he c
hoic
e w
ould
dep
end
onth
e co
llege
.C
onst
ruct
ion
wou
ld b
e of
pre
-cas
t con
cret
ebe
ams,
col
umns
, and
roo
fse
ctio
ns, w
ith th
e ou
ter
wal
l of
pour
ed c
oncr
ete.
Cos
t wou
ld d
epen
d on
loca
lla
bor
cond
ition
s, b
ut p
relim
inar
y es
timat
esfo
r C
olor
ado
Col
lege
indi
cate
that
a f
aith
ful r
eplic
a of
the
Cau
dill
desi
gn w
ould
ran
ge f
rom
$17
5,00
0 to
$200
,000
. Thi
s w
ould
pro
vide
23
beds
,in
clud
ing
the
isol
atio
n ro
om.
Of
the
thre
e co
llege
s th
at p
oole
dth
eir
com
mon
exp
erie
nces
and
pro
blem
sto
com
e up
with
a c
omm
onso
lutio
n, C
olor
ado
Col
lege
app
ears
the
clos
est
to b
uild
ing
the
firs
t pro
toty
peci
rcul
ar h
ealth
cen
ter
in th
e na
tion.
Lou
is T
.
Ben
ezet
, Col
lege
Pre
side
nta
tall,
lank
y, tr
ansp
lant
ed N
ew E
ngla
nder
has
been
mak
ing
the
roun
ds o
f m
ajor
foun
datio
ns a
nd p
rosp
ectiv
e do
nors
see
king
to r
aise
con
stru
ctio
n fu
nds.
His
col
lege
will
rec
eive
$2,
200,
000
in m
atch
ing-
7
"NM
......
.v...
..7,4
4 al
l.h...
......
.....
,.....
....r
omor
,-4
410
Thi
s ol
d fr
ame
hous
e se
rves
Col
orad
o C
olle
ge a
s a
heal
thce
nter
. "T
he fi
re d
epar
tmen
tw
ould
n't l
et u
s in
toda
y,"
the
dire
ctor
rep
orts
, "bu
t now
that
we'
re h
ere
they
can
't ge
t us
out."
To
min
imiz
e ha
zard
, the
fire
insp
ecto
rs o
ffice
ord
ered
a fi
rees
cape
inst
alle
drig
htdo
wn
the
fron
t of t
he a
ging
str
uctu
re.
fund
gra
nts
from
the
Ford
Fou
ndat
ion
prov
ided
the
Col
lege
can
rai
se $
5,50
0,-
000
on it
s ow
n. A
$65
5,00
0 ad
vanc
e ha
s al
read
y be
en r
ecei
ved
from
For
d.Pr
esid
ent B
enez
et, e
xcite
d ov
er th
e ne
w c
once
pts
in th
e he
alth
cen
ter
and
the
boon
that
wou
ld a
ccru
e to
stu
dent
s, is
anx
ious
to "
fold
in"
the
heal
thce
nter
with
his
fir
st f
und-
rais
ing
cam
paig
n in
spir
ed b
y th
e Fo
rd g
ift.
Col
orad
o, w
ith 1
,386
stu
dent
s in
the
1962
-63
acad
emic
yea
r, h
as b
een
getti
ng b
y w
ith a
n in
firm
ary
that
Dea
n of
Men
Jua
n R
eid
conf
esse
s is
"m
ake-
shif
t." I
t is
a co
nver
ted
old
hous
e, a
hal
f-ce
ntur
y ol
d an
d sh
owin
g its
yea
rs.
It lo
oks
out o
f pl
ace
alon
gsid
e th
e st
rong
con
tem
pora
ry a
rchi
tect
ure
ofth
eT
utt L
ibra
ry a
nd O
lin H
all o
f Sc
ienc
e, it
s ne
ighb
ors.
"It l
ooks
like
a 1
925
dupl
ex-h
ouse
in a
mid
wes
tern
tow
n,"
says
Pre
side
ntB
enez
et, "
in th
e lo
wer
mid
dle
clas
s di
stri
ct. R
espe
ctab
le, a
s I
say,
but
not
very
shi
ning
.""W
e m
ake
out;
we
mak
e ou
t ver
y w
ell,"
say
s D
r. R
oger
Whi
tney
,C
olo-
rado
Col
lege
's m
edic
al a
dvis
or, "
but w
e ha
ve o
ur p
robl
ems.
Our
bigg
est
trou
ble
is c
onta
giou
s an
d in
fect
ious
dis
ease
s. O
ne r
oom
is a
cle
an r
oom
,an
dan
othe
r ro
om is
a g
erm
y ro
om. B
ut th
ere'
s al
way
s th
e da
nger
of
cros
s-in
fect
ion.
For
eac
h se
x, w
e ha
ve o
nly
one
bath
room
. Als
o, b
ecau
se o
fla
ck o
fpr
oper
isol
atio
n fa
cilit
ies,
the
stud
ents
get a
dec
k of
car
ds a
nd s
tand
aro
und
and
swap
ger
ms.
Iso
latio
n is
larg
ely
impo
ssib
le.
"We'
re n
ot f
irep
roof
. Let
's f
ace
it; th
is is
just
an
old
fram
e ho
use.
The
Fire
Dep
artm
ent w
ould
nev
er le
t us
get i
n he
re in
the
firs
t pla
ce, i
f it
was
up to
them
toda
y, b
ut n
owth
at w
e're
her
e th
ey c
an't
get u
s ou
t. T
hey
mad
eus
put
in b
ette
r fi
re e
scap
es,
righ
t dow
n th
e fr
ont o
f th
e bu
ildin
g, a
nd w
e've
had
to p
ut u
p a
fire
wal
l dow
n th
e ce
nter
of
the
seco
ndfl
oor.
It's
the
kind
of b
uild
ing
that
wou
ld a
ppea
l to
Mar
k T
wai
n."H
ave
we
had
trou
ble
late
ly w
ith th
e fi
re in
spec
tors
? W
ell,
the
last
tim
ea
fire
man
was
her
e,I
was
ver
y bu
sy ta
king
car
e of
a g
irl w
ho h
ad ta
ken
pois
on, s
o I
neve
r di
d fi
nd o
ut w
hat h
e w
ante
d."
Dr.
Whi
tney
has
res
erva
tions
abo
ut s
ome
of th
ede
sign
fea
ture
s of
the
prop
osed
new
hea
lth c
ente
r"I'm
one
of
thes
e pe
ople
who
zig
s w
hen
the
rest
of
the
wor
ld z
ags"
but i
n ge
nera
l agr
ees
that
it w
ould
be
a dr
astic
im- 8
prov
emen
t. "I
t's a
bui
ldin
gyo
u'd
like
to h
ave
hang
ing
on y
ourw
atch
cha
inre
al c
ute.
Doc
Wei
ler
over
at
Kno
x w
ould
take
it a
s is
in a
min
ute.
But
I
thin
k I'd
mak
e so
me
chan
ges
firs
t. M
ost o
f al
l, I'd
wan
ttig
hter
cen
tral
con
-
trol
ove
r th
e st
uden
ts. T
hese
colle
ge k
ids
can
get m
ight
y co
zyw
ith v
isito
rs,
and
ther
e ca
n be
an
awfu
llo
t of
visi
ting
back
and
for
thin
loun
ge p
yjam
as
and
less
. We'
d ha
ve to
lay
dow
n ha
rd r
ul. s
on
it. B
ut a
sbe
twee
n w
hat w
e
have
now
and
wha
t is
prop
osed
,I'd
pic
k th
is n
ew b
uild
ing
in a
min
ute.
"
Col
orad
o, th
e ol
dest
col
lege
in th
e st
ate
(fou
nded
in 1
874,
in th
e T
erri
-to
rial
day
s), i
s on
e of
the
mos
tup
-and
-com
ing
liber
al a
rts
scho
ols
inth
e
Mid
wes
t. It
has
just
cla
imed
its f
ourt
h R
hode
s Sc
hola
rshi
p.It
s st
uden
tsco
me
in la
rge
num
bers
fro
m a
ll ov
er th
e W
est
(Cal
ifor
nia,
123
; Was
hing
ton,
26; N
ew M
exic
o, 3
0; T
exas
,43;
Wyo
min
g, 1
0; O
rego
n, 1
4),f
rom
the
Eas
t (N
ew
Yor
k, 4
6; P
enns
ylva
nia,
16;
Con
nect
icut
, 25)
and
of
cour
se f
rom
Col
orad
o
(538
). T
he C
olle
ge p
opul
atio
nis
ove
rwhe
lmin
gly
resi
dent
ial.
The
Col
lege
loca
tion,
Col
orad
o Sp
ring
s, is
6,0
00fe
et a
bove
sea
leve
lfo
rmer
ly a
res
ort a
nd c
onvc
tlesc
ent
tow
n an
d no
w a
cen
ter
for
light
indu
stry
and
the
hub
of a
com
plex
ofm
ajor
mili
tary
inst
alla
tions
.T
he N
orth
Am
eric
an
Air
Def
ense
Com
man
d ha
she
adqu
arte
rs r
ight
in to
wn.
Fort
Car
son
is 1
0
mile
s so
uth.
The
U. S
. Air
Forc
e A
cade
my
is 1
0 m
iles
nort
h. "
We'
ve g
ot lo
ts
of th
ree-
and
fou
r-st
arge
nera
ls a
roun
d to
wn,
" sa
ys o
ne c
ampu
sof
fici
al. "
It's
quite
a c
hang
e fr
om th
esl
eepy
tour
ist t
own
in th
eol
d da
ys."
Whe
n C
olor
ado
stud
ents
get
sick
, the
y ca
n be
mov
ed to
Penr
ose
Hos
pita
l,
a ha
lf-m
ile a
way
,if
thei
r co
mpl
aint
is s
erio
us.
But
mos
t ailm
ents
are
"m
inor
,"ac
cord
ing
to D
ean
Rei
d, a
ndth
e co
llege
hea
lth c
ente
r is
thei
r fi
rst l
ine
of
defe
nse.
As
at m
ost c
olle
ges,
pea
kpe
riod
s fo
r si
ckne
ss c
ome
arou
nd e
xam
tim
e, o
r
afte
r sc
hool
reo
pens
follo
win
g th
e su
mm
er v
acat
ion
or a
mid
-yea
r ho
liday
.
The
"oc
cupa
tiona
lha
zard
s" o
f co
llege
stu
dent
s, a
sdi
scer
ned
at C
olor
ado,
fall
into
thre
e m
ain
cate
gori
esco
lds,
vir
uses
, and
flu
;at
hlet
ic in
juri
es; a
nd
emot
iona
l bre
akdo
wns
.C
olor
ado
Col
lege
has
no
psyc
hiat
rist
on
its s
taff
, but
aco
nsul
tant
vis
its
the
cam
pus
one
day
aw
eek.
The
re is
no
offi
ce s
pace
for
him
at t
he in
firm
ary,
9
so h
e se
ts u
p sh
opin
a r
oom
mad
e av
aila
ble
at th
e co
unse
ling
cent
eran
unsa
tisfa
ctor
y ar
rang
emen
t, ac
cord
ing
to D
ean
Rei
d, w
ho f
eels
it w
ould
be
bette
r if
the
psyc
hiat
rist
had
"di
rect
cons
ulta
tion"
with
Dr.
Whi
tney
at t
hehe
alth
cen
ter.
(T
he p
ropo
sed
new
hea
lth c
ente
rw
ould
pro
vide
an
offi
ce f
orst
uden
ts w
ith m
enta
l hea
lth p
robl
ems.
The
appr
oach
wou
ld b
e th
at a
stu
dent
goin
g to
see
the
psyc
hiat
rist
wou
ld h
ead
for
the
infi
rmar
y ju
st li
ke a
stu
dent
goin
g to
see
ano
ther
type
of
doct
or. T
here
wou
ld b
e no
sem
blan
ce o
f a
stig
ma
atta
ched
to s
eeki
ng p
sych
iatr
ic h
elp,
as
isso
met
imes
the
case
whe
n hi
s of
fice
s
are
apar
t.)Pr
esid
ent B
enez
et is
con
vinc
ed th
at s
mal
ler
liber
al a
rts
colle
ges
arou
ndth
e co
untr
y (h
e es
timat
es th
e nu
mbe
r at
700
) m
ust
do m
ore
in p
reve
ntiv
em
edic
ine,
a f
ield
whi
ch in
clud
es e
very
thin
gfr
om g
ood
diet
ary
habi
ts to
mak
ing
sure
the
wat
er is
hot
eno
ugh
il th
eca
fete
ria
dish
was
her,
and
pre
ser-
vatio
n of
stu
dent
hea
lth. A
t the
sam
e tim
e,he
is a
war
e of
som
e of
the
reas
ons
for
past
negl
ect.
"The
sm
all c
olle
ge is
per
enni
ally
poo
r,"
he s
ays,
"and
eve
rybo
dy is
sca
red
to d
eath
of
the
cost
of
sick
peo
ple.
Furt
her,
the
who
le o
vert
one
of c
olle
ge is
that
you
're g
ettin
g th
e fl
ower
of
yout
h,an
d si
ckne
ss *
; si m
ethi
ng y
ou d
on't
wan
t to
even
thin
k ab
out.
Tha
t'sw
hy, s
tric
tly s
peax
ing,
col
lege
s lik
e to
thin
k of
all
thei
r st
uden
ts a
s m
odel
s of
phys
ical
per
fect
ion.
The
re is
a d
eep-
seat
ed f
eelin
g on
the
part
of
man
y co
llege
phys
icia
nsju
stif
ied
in m
any
case
sth
at c
olle
ge h
ealth
is s
omet
hing
that
has
been
gru
dgin
gly
take
n on
by
the
adm
inis
trat
ion.
"We
mus
t rea
lize,
if w
e ha
ven'
t alr
eady
, tha
tsi
ckne
ss c
an b
e co
stly
inm
oney
and
in U
me.
And
the
two
thin
gs g
oing
toge
ther
can
be
deva
stat
ing
for
a st
uden
t. T
he n
ew p
ress
ures
for
acad
emic
exc
elle
nce
have
bro
ught
afe
elin
g ap
proa
chin
g pa
nic
to s
tude
nts
who
get
sick
at c
olle
ge. T
hey
won
der
how
they
can
cat
ch u
p. T
hey
see
a se
mes
ter
wre
cked
by
the
slig
htes
t com
-pl
icat
ion
that
rem
oves
them
fro
m th
e ac
adem
icm
ains
trea
m. T
o he
laid
up,
in m
ost c
olle
ges,
is a
dis
aste
r."W
e se
e, in
this
pro
pose
d ne
w h
ealth
cen
ter,
are
volu
tiona
ry a
ppro
ach.
It
will
be
a pl
ace
whe
re s
tude
nts
and
prof
esso
rs c
andr
op in
to k
eep
the
stud
ent
10
up o
n hi
s w
ork,
ifhe
fee
b up
to it
. It m
ight
be
calle
dpa
tern
alis
man
d dr
y-nu
rsin
g, b
ut I
don
't th
ink
so. I
t won
'tbe
a p
lace
to g
oof
off,
or
to b
e ca
stou
t of
the
acad
emic
str
eam
entir
ely.
Rat
her,
it w
ill b
e a
quie
t poo
lin
the
stre
am w
here
one
can
go
to c
atch
his
brea
th, s
o he
can
ret
urn
to th
e .m
ain-
stre
am a
gain
. Illn
ess
is a
rea
l mor
ale
prob
lem
at m
any
colle
ges.
It i
s on
e of
the
criti
cal e
xper
ienc
es in
stu
dent
attr
ition
."I
f sm
all c
olle
ges
all o
ver
the
coun
try
can
conv
ert t
he in
firm
ary
to th
eed
ucat
iona
l pro
cess
, cou
ntle
ss s
tude
nts
will
be
save
d fr
om th
e ac
adem
ic s
crap
-he
ap. N
othi
ng m
agic
al w
ill h
appe
n.T
hey
will
stil
l be
sick
and
will
stil
lne
ed
care
. And
it w
illta
ke m
ore
than
a s
truc
ture
to r
etur
nth
em to
hea
lth; i
t will
take
ski
lled
and
dedi
cate
d pr
ofes
sion
als.
But
ther
e w
ill a
t lea
st b
e a
reel
ing
they
are
mak
ing
a co
meb
ack.
The
yw
ill s
ense
it, a
ll ar
ound
them
."C
olor
ado
Col
lege
has
one
inad
equa
tein
firm
ary,
but
Kno
x C
olle
ge h
astw
oa p
air
of c
onve
rted
old
resi
denc
es, s
ide
by s
ide
in a
sec
tion
ofth
e ca
mpu
s
sche
dule
d to
be
clea
red
for
the
cons
truc
tion
of a
new
wom
en's
dorm
itory
and
quad
rang
le. O
ne s
truc
ture
hou
ses
the
clin
ic, t
wo
exam
inin
g ru
oms,
asm
all
lab,
the
offi
ce o
f D
r. J
ames
Wei
ler,
Dir
ecto
r of
Stu
dent
Hea
lth, a
nd b
eds
for
mal
e pa
tient
s. T
he n
eigh
bori
ngho
use
cont
ains
nur
ses'
qua
rter
s,an
d, u
psta
irs,
beds
for
coe
d pa
tient
s."T
he f
aci:i
ities
we
now
hav
e ar
e qu
itecr
ampe
d,"
says
Wilb
ur F
. Pill
sbur
y,D
ean
of S
tude
nts.
"T
here
's n
oten
ough
exa
min
ing
spac
e. T
o ge
t to
one
exam
inin
g ro
om, y
ou h
ave
to p
ass
thro
ugh
anot
her.
It's
laid
out
like
ara
il-
road
fla
t. T
hey'
re a
wfu
lly s
mal
l roo
ms.
We'
ve h
ad to
con
vert
wha
t was
the
kitc
hen
pant
ry in
to a
labo
rato
ry.
It's
not
larg
e en
ough
for
all
our
med
ical
supp
lies,
so
som
e of
the
supp
lies
have
spi
lled
over
into
one
of
the
exam
inin
g
room
s. T
he p
antr
yis
abo
ut f
our
by f
ive
feet
, jus
t.ab
out t
he s
ize
of a
boo
k
clos
et."
A m
ajor
dra
wba
ck is
lack
of
pace
in th
e pa
tient
s' r
oom
s.T
here
is n
oro
om f
or v
citin
g or
stud
y de
sks.
Stu
dent
s w
ith th
e w
ill to
ope
n a
book
do
so p
ropp
ed u
pin
bed
. The
abs
ence
of
wha
t Dea
nPi
llsbu
ry c
alls
"an
edu
ca-
tiona
l em
iron
men
t" m
eans
that
stud
ents
fea
r an
infi
rmar
y st
ay, a
ndsi
gn
them
selv
es in
onl
y as
a la
st r
esor
t."T
hey'
re a
frai
d of
fal
ling
behi
nd,"
he
11
'14,
'It
orvv
,00
01"
The
se tw
o ol
d m
ansi
ons,
conv
erte
d re
side
nces
, are
the
infir
mar
y fa
cilit
ies
at K
nox
Col
lege
,G
ales
burg
, Ill.
Mal
e pa
tient
s ar
ebe
dded
dow
n in
the
uppe
r flo
orof
the
build
ing
in th
efo
regr
ound
.W
omen
pat
ient
s oc
cupy
the
seco
nd s
truc
ture
.
expl
ains
. "So
they
wai
t unt
il th
ey're
ver
y, v
ery
ill."
The
infi
rmar
y la
cks
any
faci
litie
s fo
r tr
eatin
gps
ycho
logi
cal t
roub
les.
For
min
or f
its o
fde
pres
sion
or
tens
enes
s, a
stud
ent i
s re
ferr
ed to
aps
ycho
logi
st
in to
wn.
If
seve
redi
ffic
ultie
s ar
ise,
cal
ling
for
exte
nded
ther
apy
or m
edic
a-
tion,
the
stud
ent
"gen
eral
ly g
oes
hom
e,"
acco
rdin
g to
Dea
nPi
llsbu
ry.
Men
tal h
ealth
pro
blem
s, a
sat
man
y co
llege
s, a
reno
t inf
requ
ent.
Afa
irly
typi
cal c
ase,
rec
ited
by D
ean
Pills
bury
,re
cent
ly in
volv
ed a
stud
ent w
ho
"jus
t did
n't k
r ow
whe
re h
e w
as g
oing
;he
wan
ted
to d
rop
out."
The
stu
dent
,
faili
ng h
is c
ours
esin
a p
re-m
edic
al p
rogr
am,
knew
he
coul
d ne
ver
gain
ad-
mis
sion
to m
edic
alsc
hool
. He
swal
low
ed10
sta
y-aw
ake
pills
in a
sui
cide
atte
mpt
. His
par
ents
had
to b
e ca
lled
tota
ke h
im h
ome.
He
"sim
ply
coul
d
not c
ope,
" ac
cord
ing
to c
olle
geof
fici
als.
Ano
ther
com
mon
psyc
holo
gica
l aff
lic-
tion
com
es u
nder
the
gene
ral h
eadi
ngof
"bo
y-gi
rl tr
oubl
es."
The
som
etim
es
rock
y ro
ad to
rom
ance
lead
s m
any
to th
epo
int o
f w
antin
g to
quit
scho
ol.
Res
pira
tory
ailm
ents
and
gast
i.o-i
ntes
tinal
dist
urba
nces
are
com
mon
.So
is c
hron
ic f
atig
ue,
espe
cial
ly a
roun
d ex
amtim
e. D
r. W
eile
rha
g fo
und
that
girl
s se
em "
mor
e pr
eyto
sev
ere
fatig
ue"
than
are
boy
s. H
e ca
nus
ually
cal
m
dow
n m
en s
tude
nts
"with
just
talk
ing,
but t
he g
iils
bord
er o
nhy
ster
ia
som
etim
es."
He
usua
llypr
escr
ibes
for
ced
bed-
rest
in th
ein
firm
ary
for
girl
s
in th
e gr
ip o
f ex
cess
fatig
ue b
roug
ht o
nby
ove
rwor
k.
The
usu
al r
un o
fat
hlet
ic in
juri
es.
spra
ins,
fra
ctur
es, c
uts,
and
brui
ses
pass
reg
ular
lyth
roug
h th
e in
firm
ary.
Occ
asio
nally
ther
e is
ano
vel v
aria
tion,
such
as
a ri
pped
mus
cle
caus
ed b
yfi
nger
-wre
stlin
g in
one
of
the
boys
' dor
ms.
"Foo
lishn
ess,
I c
all
it,"
says
Dr.
Wei
ler,
"or
may
be ju
stto
o m
uch
yout
hful
exub
eran
ce."
"One
of
the
mai
nin
adeq
uaci
es h
ere,
in m
yvi
ew, i
s ex
amin
atio
nan
d tr
eat-
men
t spa
ce,"
say
sD
r. W
eile
r. "
My
offi
ce is
com
plet
ely
inad
equa
te f
or e
xam
-
inin
g, o
r ev
en f
orta
king
a h
isto
rybe
caus
e of
the
lack
of
priv
acy.
Voi
ces
carr
y fr
om o
nero
om to
anot
her.
The
pla
ceis
just
an
old
hous
e.It
was
n't
desi
gned
as
anin
firm
ary.
"Bec
ause
of
the
layo
ut o
f th
eex
amin
ing
room
s, w
eha
ve a
con
tinuo
us
bottl
enec
k. T
hest
uden
ts m
ust w
ait
long
er f
or a
nex
amin
atio
n th
an th
ey 12
shou
ld h
ave
to. I
t bac
ksth
ings
up.
As
a re
sult
of th
is, a
nd th
ege
nera
lly
inad
equa
te f
acili
ties,
we
have
fou
nd th
ey're
relu
ctan
t to
com
e to
the
in-
firm
ary.
The
y fe
el th
ey c
anlie
in b
ed in
thei
r ro
oms
asw
ell a
s ov
er h
ere.
"
Kno
x is
an
inde
pend
entl
iber
al a
rts
colle
ge w
ith1,
100
stud
ents
in a
de-
clin
ing
resi
dent
ial a
rea
of G
ales
burg
. A s
lum
sect
ion
two
bloc
ks a
way
from
the
cam
pus
has
just
been
pur
chas
ed b
y th
eco
llege
. The
hou
ses
will
be r
azed
as p
art o
f a
long
-ran
ge e
xpan
sion
pro
gram
.T
he to
wn
of 3
7,00
0 is
ace
nter
for
man
ufac
turi
ng(r
efri
gera
tors
and
fre
ezer
s,tir
es, g
rain
bin
s), a
busi
ness
and
shop
ping
mag
netf
or c
orn
and
hog
farm
ers
from
the
surr
ound
ing
coun
try-
side
, and
a r
ailr
oad
cent
er o
nth
e m
ain
line
of th
eB
urlin
gton
and
San
ta F
e.
The
stu
dent
s co
me
from
42
stat
es a
nd 1
1co
untr
ies,
but
the
grea
tm
ajor
ity
are
from
upp
erm
iddl
e cl
ass
hom
es in
the
Mid
wes
t. A
nex
tens
ive
scho
lars
hip
prog
ram
pro
vide
sai
d, in
var
ying
am
ount
s,fo
r 50
per
cen
t. So
me
65 p
er c
ent
of th
e m
ale
grad
uate
s,an
d 40
per
cen
t of
the
fem
ale,
pur
sue
grad
uate
stu
dies
in te
achi
ng, m
edic
ine,
law
, or
busi
ness
adm
inis
trat
ion.
Enr
ollm
ents
have
rise
n by
50
a se
mes
ter
for
the
past
10
year
s.T
he C
olle
ge in
tend
s to
leve
l off
enro
llmen
ts a
t 1,2
50, "
and
then
we
will
sto
p,"
says
Dea
n Pi
llsbu
ry.
To
keep
pac
e w
ithits
ste
ady
grow
th,
Kno
x is
pla
nnin
g ne
wm
en's
and
wom
en's
dor
ms,
a F
ine
Art
s C
ente
r, a
nd,
poss
ibly
in f
ive
or s
ix y
ears
"if
we
can
find
the
mon
ey,"
a m
oder
n ca
mpu
she
alth
cen
ter.
Dr.
Wei
ler
is e
nthr
alle
d
with
the
impr
ovem
ents
that
wou
ld r
esul
t if
the
Col
lege
dec
ides
on
the
cir-
cula
r de
sign
that
emer
ged
from
the
Col
orad
o-K
nox-
Witt
enbe
rg s
tudy
.
"Wha
t we
have
now
is v
ery
defi
nite
ly o
ut o
f pl
ace,
and
out o
f ch
arac
ter
with
the
rest
of
the
cam
pus,
" he
say
s. "
And
it's
grow
ing
mor
e so
eve
rycl
ay.
I'm c
onvi
nced
we
coul
d bu
ild w
hat w
ew
ant a
nd n
eed
for
$250
,000
or
less
.
It w
ould
be
exci
ting
to e
stab
lish
the
prot
otyp
e. T
he f
irst
colle
ge to
bui
ld it
will
rea
lly f
ind
the
bugs
, if
ther
e ar
e an
y.B
ut I
thin
k th
ey'll
be m
inor
. I
thin
k th
is is
wor
kabl
e."
Witt
enbe
rg U
nive
rsity
conv
erte
d a
sem
inar
ybu
ildin
g in
to a
n in
firm
ary
in 1
962
at a
cos
t of
$60,
000.
It's
asu
bsta
ntia
l im
prov
emen
t ove
rw
hat o
nce
serv
ed a
s th
e he
alth
cent
eran
old
fra
me
hous
e w
ith m
any
fire
haza
rds.
The
conv
erte
d se
min
ary
isst
ill f
ar f
rom
bei
ngid
eally
fun
ctio
nal.
The
com
plai
nts
13
Thi
s w
as th
e fir
stin
firm
ary
build
ing
at W
itten
berg
Uni
vers
ityab
ando
ned
as a
fire
haz
ard.
t
1 I
-
..
44
41 :
)." ) A
"a$.
4,
_...4
4
a a
Y it
11:4
b. :VA
1
4t ...
., --i''
II..1
.4,,, ".`
tit. 4,
4".6
.144
.1.4
41.1
444
.,.
.... ft
e
To
4;4
r
"
The
pre
sent
infir
mar
y at
Witt
enbe
rg is
a c
onve
rted
sem
inar
y bu
ildin
g. S
ome
$60,
000
was
spe
nt o
n th
e re
nova
tion
job,
but t
he v
entil
atio
n sy
stem
stil
lbl
ows
hot a
nd c
oldd
irect
lyon
bed
pat
ient
s.
of D
r. J
osep
h H
. Rin
ehar
t are
thre
e: th
e he
atin
g an
d ve
ntila
tion
syst
embl
ows
hot a
ir d
irec
tly o
n th
e pa
tient
s' f
aces
as
they
lie
in b
ed; l
ack
of a
nel
evat
or m
eans
stu
dent
s ha
ve to
be
calle
d in
off
the
cam
pus
to h
elp
carr
yse
vere
ly in
jure
d at
hlet
es to
the
phys
ioth
erap
y ro
om in
the
base
men
t; an
dpo
or a
cous
tics
forc
e hi
m to
kee
p hi
s vo
ice
to a
vir
tual
whi
sper
to a
ssur
epr
ivac
y w
hen
he's
taki
ng a
his
tory
.B
ut w
hile
the
new
infi
rmar
y is
not
per
fect
, Witt
enbe
rg le
arne
d ho
w m
uch
even
the
slig
htes
t im
prov
emen
t can
ove
rcom
e st
uden
t res
ista
nce
to s
eeki
ngm
edic
al h
elp.
In
the
old
infi
rmar
y, s
ick
call
rare
ly a
ttrac
ted
mor
e th
an 2
0pa
tient
s. T
oday
, "no
w th
at th
ere'
s a
grea
t dea
l of
enth
usia
sm"
says
Dr.
Ria
e-ha
rt, "
the
staf
f se
es 8
0 to
100
stu
dent
s a
day.
""W
e us
ed to
hav
e to
fig
ht th
em to
com
e in
," r
ecal
ls D
r. R
ineh
art.
"We
had
to th
reat
en th
em th
at n
o ab
senc
e fr
om c
lass
cou
ld b
e ex
cuse
d un
less
ther
ew
as a
rec
ord
of a
n in
firm
ary
visi
t. N
ow th
ey're
hap
py to
com
e in
vol
unta
rily
."L
earn
er H
all,
the
conv
erte
d se
min
ary,
pro
vide
s en
ough
bed
spa
ce, "
but
ther
e ar
e se
vera
l thi
ngs
not :
eigh
t," a
ccor
ding
to th
e di
rect
or. F
orce
d dr
aft
heat
ers
inst
alle
d du
ring
the
reno
vatio
n ar
e so
noi
sy th
at p
atie
nts'
sle
ep is
dist
urbe
d. I
n ad
ditio
n, th
e pl
acem
ent o
f be
ds w
ithin
war
ds, p
aral
lel o
r at
righ
t ang
les
to h
eate
rs, m
eans
that
, fir
st, h
ot a
ir b
low
s on
the
patie
nts,
mak
-in
g th
em u
ncom
fort
ably
war
m. T
hey
kick
off
thei
r bl
anke
tsju
st a
s th
ecy
cle
goes
into
coo
ling
so th
at c
old
air
blow
s do
wn
on th
em.
"Thi
s m
akes
it v
ery
diff
icul
t for
them
to g
et o
ver
uppe
r re
spir
ator
y tr
ou-
bles
," s
ays
Dr.
Rin
ehar
t. "I
t tak
es th
ree
and
four
and
fiv
e da
ys f
or th
em to
knoc
k a
cold
out
of
thei
r sy
stem
s."
Ano
ther
pro
blem
is la
ck o
f ai
r co
nditi
onin
g, w
hich
Dr.
Rin
ehar
t fee
ls"s
houl
d be
a m
ust i
n an
y in
firm
ary.
" T
he te
mpe
ratu
re g
ets
unco
mfo
rtab
lyhi
gh in
Apr
il, M
ay, a
nd J
une.
The
gir
ls' i
nfir
mar
y is
ups
tair
s. T
he b
oys'
infi
rmar
y, p
liarm
acy,
wai
ting
room
, ste
riliz
ing
room
, and
sta
ff o
ffic
es a
re o
n th
e gr
ound
flo
or. T
he b
asem
ent
cont
ains
trea
tmen
t roo
ms
for
min
or s
urge
ry a
nd p
hysi
othe
rapy
. Em
erge
ncy
case
s ca
lling
for
trea
tmen
t in
the
base
men
t cre
ate.
a m
inor
cri
sis.
The
pat
ient
mus
t be
carr
ied
bodi
ly d
own
a fl
ight
of
stai
rs f
or e
xam
inat
ion.
Lat
er, t
he 14
patie
nt m
ust b
e he
lped
as
he s
trug
gles
to n
avig
ate
back
up
the
stai
rs.
Witt
enbe
rg is
in th
e he
art
of to
wn,
not
far
fro
mm
ain
road
s to
Tol
edo
and
Tro
y, b
ut it
isw
ell l
ands
cape
d an
d w
ell
shie
lded
fro
m tr
affi
c no
ises
.A
mill
ion-
dolla
r st
uden
t cen
ter,
and
a ne
w m
en's
dorm
itory
, are
nea
ring
com
-
plz-
tion.
The
re a
re n
oim
med
iate
pro
spec
ts f
orre
plac
ing
Lea
rner
Hal
l with
a m
oder
nin
firm
ary
beca
use
ofth
e ex
tens
ive
reno
vatio
nju
st in
vest
ed in
the
build
ing.
But
if a
new
fac
ility
shou
ld e
ver
be b
udge
ted,
Dr.
Rin
ehar
t say
s he
wou
ld
insi
st o
n th
ree
thin
gs:
"If
at a
ll po
ssib
le m
ake
it on
one
flo
or; i
f no
t, an
elev
ator
is a
mus
t. H
eatin
gan
d ve
ntila
tion
mus
tsu
pply
yea
r-ro
und
patie
nt
com
fort
. Aco
ustic
s m
ust
be a
n es
sent
ial p
art o
fth
e de
sign
."
In p
ursu
it of
thei
rin
vest
igat
ion
into
the
idea
lco
llege
hea
lth c
ente
r,of
fi-
cial
s of
the
thre
e co
llege
sin
volv
ed f
ound
muc
h th
at w
asno
t ide
al.
"The
typi
cal h
ealth
ser
vice
in th
e pr
ivat
ely
supp
orte
dlib
eral
art
s co
llege
s
in th
e ar
eas
surv
eyed
was
foun
d to
be
hous
ed in
aco
nver
ted
resi
denc
e lo
cate
d
on th
e ou
ter
peri
met
er o
f th
e ca
mpu
s,"
they
sai
d in
a r
epor
t to
EFL
."M
any
heal
th s
ervi
ces
cons
iste
dm
erel
y of
a m
odes
t clin
iclo
cate
d in
a d
orm
itory
or
in th
e co
llege
gym
nasi
uman
d st
affe
d by
a s
ingl
e nu
rse,
with
the
mor
e se
riou
s
case
s be
ing
refe
rred
to a
loca
l phy
sici
anre
tain
ed b
y th
e co
llege
on
afe
e ba
sis.
The
imag
e of
the
colle
gehe
alth
ser
vice
, or
for
that
mat
ter
any
colle
ge a
ux-
iliar
y se
rvic
e, is
aff
ecte
dby
the
faci
lity
that
hous
es it
, and
the
resu
ltant
publ
ic r
elat
ions
fac
tor
affe
cts
the
use
and
effe
ctiv
enes
s of
the
serv
ice.
"
Dea
n R
eid
at C
olor
ado
quer
ied
the
Am
eric
an C
olle
geH
ealth
Ass
ocia
tion
for
exam
ples
of
new
colle
ge h
ealth
cen
ters
,sp
ecif
ical
ly d
esig
ned
for
smal
ler,
inde
pend
ent c
olle
ges.
"T
hey
coul
d gi
ve u
s on
ly tw
oex
ampl
es, o
ut o
f 50
0
colle
ges,
" he
sai
d. "
The
gene
ral r
ule
was
som
ethi
ngm
akes
hift
, or
impr
ovis
ed."
(The
two
new
hea
lth c
ente
rs w
ere
at W
heat
on C
olle
ge,
Whe
aton
, Illi
nois
;
and
Gri
nnel
l Col
lege
,G
rinn
ell,
Iow
a.)
At a
col
lege
in w
este
rnIl
linoi
s, th
ey f
ound
"a
part
-tim
e ph
ysic
ian,
and
just
one
nur
se w
ith th
ein
firm
ary
open
fro
m e
ight
to f
ive.
If
a st
uden
t is
take
n
ill b
efor
e ei
ght o
r af
ter
five
, he'
s on
his
ow
n.If
a k
id g
ets
real
ly s
ick,
he g
oes
to th
e ho
spita
l, or
hom
e, o
r ju
st g
oes
back
to th
e do
rm to
sw
eat
it ou
t." A
t
15
A m
oder
n he
alth
cen
tero
neof
the
few
des
igne
dfo
r th
epu
rpos
eat
Grin
nell
Col
lege
Grin
nell,
Iow
a. W
oodb
urn
&O
'Nei
l, A
rchi
tect
s
1111
1111
11kl
!hltd
isio
Har
vard
's in
firm
ary
feat
ures
an
open
sky
light
... a
nda
patie
nts'
wai
ting
room
as
com
fort
able
as a
thea
tre
loun
ge.
Ser
t, Ja
ckso
n &
Gou
rley,
Arc
hite
cts
M
a co
llege
inW
isco
nsin
, the
y fo
und
the
infi
rmar
y w
as a
n"o
ld h
ouse
" w
ithno
bed
fac
ilitie
s.T
he p
atte
rn w
as o
ne o
f w
ides
prea
dne
glec
t.R
ando
m c
heck
s by
Edu
catio
nal
Faci
litie
s L
abor
ator
ies
unco
vere
d ve
rym
uch
the
sam
e st
ory
at c
olle
ge a
fter
colle
ge.
The
nat
ion'
s le
adin
g au
thor
ities
on
colle
ge h
ealth
ser
vice
s ha
ve b
een
dis-
may
ed o
ver
the
gene
ral i
mpo
veri
shm
ent
of f
acili
ties
at m
ost s
mal
ler
and
med
ium
-siz
ed c
olle
ges,
and
hav
e is
sued
repe
ated
war
ning
s th
at la
ck o
f fa
cili-
ties
and
serv
ices
pos
es a
rea
l dan
ger
tost
uden
ts. T
hey
have
wat
ched
with
inte
rest
the
prog
ress
of
the
tri-
colle
gest
udy
unde
rwri
tten
by E
FL,
hope
ful
that
it m
ay s
igna
l a n
ew a
wak
enin
gof
res
pons
ibili
ty f
or s
tude
nthe
alth
on
cam
puse
s ac
ross
the
coun
try.
The
nee
d fo
r re
form
s, th
ey h
ave
told
EFL
, is
year
s ov
erdu
e.D
r. D
ana
L. F
arns
wor
th, H
enry
K. O
liver
Pro
fess
orof
Hyg
iene
and
Di-
rect
or o
f th
e U
nive
rsity
Hea
lth S
ervi
ces
atH
arva
rd, i
s w
idel
y re
gard
ed a
s on
eof
the
mos
t kno
wle
dgea
ble
expe
rts
in th
e fi
eld.
In h
is v
iew
:"N
ot m
ore
than
750
out
of
the
mor
eth
an 2
,000
col
lege
s in
the
coun
try
can
be s
aid
to h
ave
ahe
alth
ser
vice
rec
ogni
zabl
e as
suc
h. A
good
ly n
umbe
r
are
pret
ty w
eak,
and
prob
ably
not
mor
e th
an a
coup
le o
f hu
ndre
d re
ally
mer
it th
e na
me.
"The
y ra
nge
all t
he w
ay f
rom
the
best
,su
ch a
s on
e fi
nds
at th
e U
nive
rsity
of M
inne
sota
, the
Uni
vers
ity o
fC
alif
orni
a at
Ber
kele
y, Y
ale,
and
our
ow
nhe
re a
t Har
vard
, to
the
dow
n-at
-the
-hee
lan
d in
adeq
uate
ly f
inan
ced
med
ical
serv
ice
that
is to
o of
ten
the
rule
on
mos
t col
lege
cam
puse
s."
On
a re
cent
insp
ectio
n tr
ip, D
r. F
arns
wor
thst
oppe
d in
at a
n in
firm
ary
at a
med
ium
-siz
ed c
olle
ge. T
he d
octo
r he
ld s
ick
call
for
an h
our
or tw
o ea
ch m
orn-
ing.
"H
e sa
w p
eopl
e, b
ang-
bang
-ban
g,ju
st li
ke th
at. T
here
was
no
plac
efo
r
him
to in
terv
iew
a s
tude
nt in
pri
vate
.H
e to
ld m
e th
at s
omet
imes
whe
n a
stud
ent h
as s
omet
hing
per
sona
l to
disc
uss,
they
hav
e to
adj
ourn
to th
e m
en's
was
hroo
m to
talk
."St
atis
tical
ly, s
ays
Dr.
Far
nsw
orth
, 9 o
ut o
f ev
ery
10 c
olle
ge s
tude
nts
in th
ena
tion
need
som
e m
edic
al h
elp.
Tho
usan
ds,
he is
cer
tain
, nev
er g
et it
.
16
"Whe
n a
colle
ge h
as a
hea
lth s
ervi
ceth
at c
osts
$5.
00 to
$10
.00
a ye
ar p
erst
uden
t, it
mig
ht ju
st a
s w
ell
have
not
hing
," s
ays
Dr.
Farn
swor
th. "
I ha
ve s
een
man
y ca
ses
whe
re a
stu
dent
had
a c
ompl
aint
that
cou
ld h
ave
been
han
dled
rela
tivel
y ea
sily
in th
e ea
rly
stag
es,
but h
e di
dn't
get a
ny m
edic
alat
tent
ion,
or
his
emot
iona
l pro
blem
wen
tun
heed
ed. A
ll to
o of
ten
we
find
dist
urbe
d in
divi
d-
uals
trea
ted
with
dis
cipl
inar
yra
ther
than
med
ical
mea
ns. T
hey
are
allo
wed
to
leav
e sc
hool
s w
ithou
t pro
per
coun
selin
g, c
asua
lties
of
anin
adeq
uate
hea
lth-
serv
ice
budg
et."
Dr.
Rut
h B
oynt
on is
Secr
etar
y of
the
Am
eric
an C
olle
geH
ealth
Ass
o-
ciat
ion,
whi
ch a
ttem
pts
to la
ycl
own
min
imum
sta
ndar
ds f
orco
llege
hea
lth
prog
ram
s. S
he s
aid
that
the
asso
ciat
ion
has
foun
dth
at a
mak
eshi
ft in
firm
ary
ofte
n go
es to
geth
er w
ithsk
impi
ng o
n pr
ofes
sion
al h
elp
spec
ific
ally
pla
cing
a
nurs
e in
cha
rge
with
out t
he a
ssis
tanc
e of
ful
l- o
rpa
rt-t
ime
med
ical
sta
ff. T
hear
rang
emen
t in
such
cas
es is
that
alo
cal p
hysi
cian
is "
nom
inal
lylis
ted
as c
on-
sulta
nt"
but h
e ha
s no
set
sche
dule
to v
isit
the
cam
pus.
He
is c
alle
d on
ly w
hen
the
nurs
e is
baf
fled
by
a ca
se.
Som
etim
es s
he is
rel
ucta
nt to
call
him
. The
nurs
e ta
kes
the
entir
e re
spon
sibi
lity
for
deci
ding
if a
stu
dent
is s
ick
enou
gh
to s
ee a
doc
tor.
The
Am
eric
an C
olle
ge H
ealth
Ass
ocia
tion
has
been
cri
tical
of th
."c
onsu
ltant
" ar
rang
emen
t in
the
past
and
is e
xpec
ted
toca
ll fo
r its
abol
ition
in r
evis
ed "
stan
dard
san
d pr
actic
es"
reco
mm
enda
tions
this
yea
r.
"The
ass
ocia
tion
depl
ores
the
situ
atio
n w
here
a n
urse
does
not
hav
e a
phys
icia
n ju
st b
ecau
se th
e co
llege
adm
inis
trat
ion
does
n't t
hink
it's
nece
ssar
y,"
said
Dr.
Boy
nton
. And
itpl
aces
on
the
nurs
es a
resp
onsi
bilit
y th
at is
far
bey
ond
thei
r tr
aini
ng a
nd e
xper
ienc
e."
Add
ition
al r
epor
ts o
f er
rone
ous
diag
nose
s re
sulti
ng in
impr
oper
trea
tmen
t
have
com
e to
the
atte
ntio
n of
ahe
alth
dir
ecto
r at
a m
ajor
wes
tern
univ
ersi
ty,
a ph
ysic
ian
who
is a
for
mer
top
offi
cer
of th
eC
olle
ge H
ealth
Ass
ocia
tion.
The
y
rang
e fr
om f
ract
ures
whi
ch a
re tr
eate
d as
ank
lesp
rain
s -.
to"c
olds
" an
d"b
ronc
hitis
" w
hich
are
act
ually
the
firs
t sta
ges
of tu
berc
ulos
is.
"In
all c
ases
," th
e of
fici
al s
aid,
"the
inci
dent
s oc
curr
ed w
here
they
had
only
a n
urse
on
duty
. The
adm
inis
trat
ion
had
the
resp
onsi
bilit
y,bu
t it w
as
not s
tssu
med
. The
nur
seha
d m
ore
resp
onsi
bilit
y th
ansh
e co
uld
hand
le."
17
The
195
3 st
udy
of c
olle
ge h
ealth
serv
ices
by
the
Am
eric
an C
olle
ge H
ealth
Ass
ocia
tion
disc
lose
d th
at tw
o-th
irds
of th
e co
llege
s re
port
ing
onbu
dget
info
rmat
ion
had
an a
nnua
l bud
get o
fle
ss th
an $
10,0
00. S
ervi
ces
rang
edfr
om
no c
linic
al p
rogr
amw
hate
ver
to f
ull-
scal
e ho
spita
lfa
cilit
ies
for
maj
or m
edic
al
and
surg
ical
cas
es. R
ough
ly o
nein
thre
e co
llege
s w
as f
ound
toha
ve n
ocl
inic
al s
ervi
ce. O
ne in
thre
eha
d a
clin
ic o
pen
for
min
or d
isor
ders
only
. Car
e
for
seri
ous
illne
ss o
r in
jury
was
avai
labl
e at
onl
y 28
per
cen
t of
colle
ges
with
less
than
300
stu
dent
s, 4
0 pe
r ce
ntof
med
ium
-siz
ed c
olle
ges,
and
64
per
cent
of c
oNge
b w
ith e
nrol
lmen
ts in
exc
ess
of 2
,000
.Pr
actic
es in
pre
vent
ive
med
icin
e w
ere
also
fou
nd to
dif
fer
wid
ely.
Whi
leso
me
400
colle
ges
repo
rtin
g re
quir
ed s
mal
lpox
vacc
inat
ions
for
inco
min
gfr
eshm
en, m
ore
than
700
did
not
.O
nly
1 co
llege
in 1
0 re
quir
edim
mun
iza-
tion
for
teta
nus
and
typh
oid.
Les
s th
an 1
col
lege
in 3
sup
ervi
sed
stan
dard
s of
nutr
ition
in d
orm
itori
es a
nd o
ther
cam
pus
eatin
g pl
aces
.O
f 1,
157
colle
ges
surv
eyed
, exa
ctly
200
(17
per
cent
) re
port
ed th
atth
eco
llege
ass
umes
no
form
al r
espo
nsib
ility
wha
tsoe
ver
for
the
heal
th o
f st
uden
ts.
The
sta
ndar
ds o
f co
llege
hea
lthse
rvic
es a
re m
arke
d by
gre
at d
ispa
ritie
sin
bui
ldin
gs a
nd s
ervi
ces.
Usu
ally
both
go
toge
ther
. A "
step
child
"fa
cilit
y is
ofte
n fi
nanc
ed b
y a
nigg
ardl
ybu
dget
. The
tri-
colle
ge s
tudy
of
a m
odel
heal
th
cent
er f
or s
mal
ler,
inde
pend
ent
liber
al a
rts
colle
ges
may
mar
k a
turn
ing
poin
t. It
off
ers
an e
xciti
ngan
d fu
nctio
nal a
rchi
tect
ural
app
roac
h to
the
idea
of a
col
lege
hea
lth c
ente
r. I
tof
fers
eff
icie
ncy,
eco
nom
y, a
nd b
eaut
yin
pla
ce
of d
isor
der,
fal
se e
cono
my,
and,
oft
en, u
glin
ess.
The
que
stio
nis
; wha
t will
be d
one
abou
t it?
18
An
Arc
hite
ctur
al A
nsw
erPr
epar
ed b
yC
audi
ll, R
owle
tt &
Sco
tt
C. R
. S. P
roje
ct T
eam
Dan
R. S
tew
art,
Des
igne
rR
alph
C. C
arro
ll, A
naly
stC
. Her
bert
Pas
eur,
Arc
hite
ctW
illia
m W
. Cau
dill,
Con
sulta
nt
19
1. C
ampu
sR
elat
ions
hip
2. N
urse
s'Q
uart
ers
AC
A.V
DE
MIC
se;
/icor
A c
.A.7
-4PC
Jc:
:frz
n 3:
,ZO
VV
EL
ens
tgE
tcL
uo/0
1,4
Tre
:N=
1:,
Qv:
rev:
ere:;
.;:i
::OO
RM
ITO
RIV
O
CE
rtw
81,2
tito
t,..
crla
orro
Loo
icA
.r. 2
18..n
.rer
rEi9
e)1.
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.koa
r-rI
cet
To
VA
CIL
AT
A.I
'MSO
LIA
.VIC
)1-1
PL
Tet
It-t
a 11
4-4-
Mas
s.a.
E/4
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)V-f
iVIV
- e
lIM
PLIC
Ire
of P
z7
cxrv
.tear
rid.
a D
o14M
iZo1
4iE
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4. A
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trrc
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Y P
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OT
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OT
lecu
TH
IN E
SU'r
AT
TA
CI4
VD
tqU
i105
6 Q
u.s.
Fera
Rie
3. C
ontr
ol
AL
TH
OU
GH
TH
ER
E A
RE
man
yar
chite
c-tu
ral s
olut
ions
pos
sibl
e fo
r so
lvin
g th
ene
eds
of a
col
lege
hea
lth c
ente
r, th
ear
chite
cts
chos
e a
circ
ular
sch
eme
asof
feri
ng m
ore
adva
ntag
es th
an a
rect
i-lin
eal s
olut
ion.
An
inve
stig
atio
n in
to th
e ba
sic
heal
thne
eds
of a
typi
cal s
mal
l col
lege
res
ulte
din
a g
raph
ic a
naly
sis
(see
Illu
stra
tions
1 th
ru 1
4) o
f th
e fo
rces
that
sha
ped
apr
ogra
m,
whi
ch in
turn
led
to th
is p
ar-
ticul
ar s
olut
ion.
The
re a
re th
ree
basi
cde
sign
con
cept
s: I
nter
nal E
xpan
sion
,K
eep-
the-
Stu
dent
- in
- Sc
hool
Hos
pita
l,an
d C
entr
al C
ontr
ol.
Inte
rnal
Exp
ansi
onO
ne o
f th
e fi
rst p
robl
ems
was
to c
ope
with
sic
knes
s ep
idem
ics
on c
ampu
s.T
his
was
a r
ealit
y ill
ustr
ated
by
aC
olor
ado
Col
lege
Inf
irm
ary
Rep
ort
(Illu
stra
tion
4) in
whi
ch s
tude
nt o
ver-
flow
cou
ld b
e an
ticip
ated
by
both
sho
rt-
and
long
-ter
m p
erio
ds. U
sual
lyth
issi
tuat
ion
is m
et b
y ov
erbu
rden
ing
exis
t-in
g fa
cilit
ies
or b
y fi
ndin
g of
f-ca
mpu
ssp
ace,
i.e.
, alo
cal h
ospi
tal.
The
nee
d fo
r in
tern
al e
xpan
sion
(Il
-lu
stra
tion
5) w
as a
ppar
ent s
n th
at th
ene
w h
ealth
cen
ter
coul
d be
sel
f-su
ffic
ient
unde
r no
rmal
ove
rflo
w p
erio
ds. I
t was
also
obv
ious
that
ther
e w
ould
be
times
whe
n an
une
qual
num
ber
of m
enan
dw
omen
wou
ld b
e co
nval
esci
ngat
the
sam
e tim
e, a
ndth
e pl
an h
ad to
be
able
to a
dapt
.
20
4. C
hang
ing
Loa
ds
sEpr
CC
!: 2.
10k7
tV
ES
NA
R...
AP
IRO
CN
E!,
ZS
22; G
20
4 le
,1
15 2
q 12
a, 1
25 .6
5 22
20 .3
70 a
UM
W' I
I:ii
ii:ui
uiiii
iiubu
sm
u:
MI
1111
111E
dIN
Ws.
611.
1341
1416
7O
PME
NSE
Iniir
atia
1111
1111
6111
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12 IM
tle
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)-0
iie (ovr
ipat
uvo
OoL
oRA
toC
oriI
FIR
MA
RY
P.4
1, V
aik&
M
5. I
nter
nal F
lexi
bilit
y
00 ..
.I"N
O
NO
RM
AL
M 0
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WC
ZI.E
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TJI
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QU
AT
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IRFL
OW
SO
ME
ZT
CA
ITA
NG
TI.
70LQ
AD
6. S
pace
Rel
atio
ns
21
LaU
C, Z
onE
'1,1
11
PLI
SL.
2
aoce
r,r
req-
Epe
r,sa
TI r
-scl
IIM
/-1c
3rD
IRA
.Ta
ZH
E.',
HY
Ore
).rf
-iart
.X.P
"x"
xt?
..114
.--t
"
CIA
at. r
Art
rr u
reoe
-. T
ottif
iV:
1.7u
rr z
or-r
g
ritS
AV
VO
F..)
CA
3-1
7. S
pace
Con
vert
ibili
tyA
CC
OR
DIO
NPA
rer1
T,0
1-1,
Pt, F
iTA
.LI.
4.7.
P.A
X-4
111T
101.
1
8. S
truc
tura
lSy
stem
ClA
INN
TL
TL
-1-V
1113
:1-
tin 1
-11%
/%61
7..W
.M
rAT
R,A
32_"
:1,2
-..1
......
......
V
......
....
rt.d
bi?
A.I
tA
.tw ji
tttog
a O
rika
v tr
OA
Gil
Ate
da.N
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e_pr
ptM
LJL
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p. S
c-l
e s1
C.1
%...
1' ti
.
empl
e 1.
1
111T
VR
MA
t. V
LV
XT
BIL
ITY
Pr-
RM
ITT
=0
9. F
utur
e E
xpan
sion
EX
IGT
INO
NE
VI
Ut-
ITT
22
TW
O W
AY
S T
O E
XPA
ND
:
1. T
he c
ircu
lar
solu
tion
in th
is r
e-po
rt m
eets
the
latte
r re
quir
emen
tby
hav
ing
a m
ovab
le p
artit
ion
sepa
ratin
g th
e m
en's
infi
rmar
yfr
om th
e w
omen
's in
firm
ary.
(Illu
stra
tion
16)
2. T
he s
tudy
are
a be
twee
n th
enu
rses
' sta
tion
and
the
infi
rmar
yar
ea w
ill a
ct a
s th
e ex
pans
ion
bel-
low
s of
the
floo
r pl
an. T
he s
tudy
carr
els
and
loun
ge f
urni
ture
can
be r
epla
ced
by a
dded
pat
ient
bed
sdu
ring
ove
rflo
w p
erio
ds.
Ext
erna
l exp
ansi
on m
ay b
ecom
e a
nece
ssity
on
som
e ca
mpu
ses
whe
re e
n-ro
llmen
tex
ceed
s an
ticip
at!m
.T
his
can
be a
ccom
plis
hed
byad
ding
di-
rect
ly to
the
exis
ting
faci
lity,
by
at-
tach
ing
smal
ler
sate
llite
s, o
r by
con
-st
ruct
ing
anot
her
unit
(Illu
stra
tion
9) a
ttach
ed to
the
heal
th c
ente
r.
Kee
p-T
he-S
tude
nt-I
n-S
choo
l Hos
pita
lA
noth
er p
robl
em w
as k
eepi
ng th
e st
u-de
nt in
sch
ool d
urin
g co
nval
esce
nce
and
enco
urag
ing
cont
inue
d st
uden
tst
udy
duri
ng th
at ti
me.
In
orde
r to
keep
the
stud
ent "
incl
ass,
"ev
enth
ough
act
ual c
lass
atte
ndan
ce m
aybe
dif
ficu
lt, p
rovi
sion
for
stu
dy c
arre
ls(I
llust
ratio
n 11
), w
hich
can
be
eith
erth
e in
divi
dual
, por
tabl
e ty
pe o
r th
ebe
d-st
radd
le ty
pe, s
pace
s co
nduc
ive
tost
udy,
and
loca
ting
the
heal
th c
ente
r
23
10. S
tora
ge,
Stud
y &
Slee
p U
nits
PE,A
.K X
LL
AI
11. P
orta
ble
Stud
y C
arre
ls
CO
NT
INU
InG
IDT
JOA
TIO
,N1
:
A c
).1
CI
'Me
Tal
RtiA
t7L
Hd
rAC
lat5
c7c=
4.00
1
PAT
IEN
T B
ED
cA
tli18
/..
. 7el
1/4C
%-e
01.
117V
AC
ti
STA
M1D
AR
ID C
AR
RE
L.
12. D
esig
n M
odul
e
EA
TIE
r-IT
sat
:, IN
VL
UE
NC
E0
Siz5
*si
-mp5
cr
RO
OM
TR
V P
AT
IEN
T B
ED
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AD
ESI
GN
MO
DU
LE
13. S
chem
atic
Hea
lth C
ente
r
-rt
't Q
11..8
3'01
t,73,
:n r
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ti 1
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14.,.
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u:*
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111
J2
14. B
ed-S
tudy
Uni
ts
LA
FA
. CY
Fi u
r L
ITf-
t1
t I 1
3'
L'-1
- PR
IV.A
Tr1
1:14
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're-:
Lar
y,
r, I
4
Tr;
64 %
rtir
e ,:t
dat.t
nalt-
d,
: *,
J-1
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erru
ov.
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L-
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A
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e ...
......
A
15. R
ectil
inea
lS
chem
e
4.4.
01.
t1M
it1
tU
eNO
TIT
UT
t11:
::*tto
:ci
rr*J
ET
e C
.A.r
4 re
ut,
.A.r
fiV
AO
txtr
etta
ocre
Xe-
4:2.
:3.
1....
.1
14
on c
ampu
s in
an
area
con
veni
ent t
oac
adem
ic a
reas
and
foo
d se
rvic
e (I
llus-
trat
ion
1) a
re in
duce
men
ts th
at w
ere
utili
zed.
Atm
osph
ere
play
s a
part
icu-
larl
y im
port
ant r
ole
in th
e de
velo
pmen
tof
a h
ealth
cen
ter.
Spa
tial f
resh
ness
and
an a
mpl
y lig
hted
inte
rior
will
stim
-ul
ate
cont
inue
d sc
hola
stic
par
ticip
a-tio
n. A
cces
sibi
lity
to th
e ac
adem
ic a
rea
of a
cam
pus
is v
ery
impo
rtan
t to
faci
li-ta
te c
lass
atte
ndan
ce, w
hen
perm
issi
ble,
by th
e co
nval
esci
ng s
tude
nt, t
hus
re-
duci
ng s
chol
astic
tim
e lo
ss.
Cen
tral
Con
trol
Supe
rvis
ory
cont
rol w
as a
prio
rity
fact
or in
the
deve
lopm
ent o
f th
e he
alth
cent
er. A
void
ing
the
nece
ssity
of
ala
rge
staf
f w
ith it
s in
here
nt p
robl
ems
of f
inan
cing
and
hou
sing
was
des
irab
le.
Sche
mat
ical
ly lo
catin
g th
e nu
rses
' sta
-tio
n in
the
mid
dle
of th
e he
alth
cen
ter
( Il
lust
ratio
n 3)
eas
ed th
is p
robl
em.
Thi
s ca
n be
clo
ne in
bot
h re
ctili
neal
and
circ
ular
pla
ns (
Illu
stra
tions
13
and
15).
Seg
rega
tion
of th
e se
xes
can
beac
com
plis
h -4
by
slig
htly
rai
sing
the
nurs
es' s
tatio
n (I
llust
ratio
n 13
) w
hich
bloc
ks th
e vi
ew a
cros
s th
e ce
nter
sec
-tio
n an
d by
pul
ling
a pa
rtiti
on to
the
nurs
es'
stat
ion.
A c
entr
ally
loca
ted
cont
rol s
tatio
n (n
urse
s' s
tatio
n) s
hort
-en
s di
stan
ces
to b
eds
and
acid
s to
the
gene
ral
supe
rvis
ion
of m
any
othe
rar
eas
of th
e in
firm
ary
and
clin
ic.
Ad-
JO
AT
H:7
+4
WO
MC
N5
NW
IlitN
ItIN
FIR
MA
RY
ME
WS
INF
IRM
AR
Y
WA
I T
ING
ISO
LAT
ION
CO
N S
U L
TA
";
LIV
ING
- D
ININ
G
16. F
loor
Pla
n of
Inf
irm
ary-
Clin
ic a
nd N
urse
s' q
uart
ers.
ditio
nal s
uper
visi
on s
ecur
ity is
gai
ned
whe
n th
e nu
rses
' qua
rter
s (I
llust
ratio
n2)
are
loca
ted
near
or
adja
cent
to th
ehe
alth
cen
ter.
Clo
se p
roxi
mity
per
mits
emer
genc
y du
ty w
ithou
tsa
crif
icin
gpr
ivac
y to
the
resi
dent
nur
ses.
Oth
erar
chite
ctur
alco
nsid
erat
ions
may
pla
y a
part
in a
nul
timat
e de
sign
.V
ario
us k
inds
of
spac
e di
vide
rs (
Illu
s-tr
atio
ns 7
and
10)
can
lend
eco
nom
ical
oppo
rtun
ities
for
pla
n ch
ange
s di
ctat
edby
loca
l con
ditio
ns. S
truc
tura
l sys
tem
s(I
llust
ratio
n 8)
whi
ch li
bera
te th
e fl
oor
plan
fro
m th
e ne
cess
ity o
f tig
ht p
lan-
ning
can
als
o pe
rmit
econ
omie
s of
stru
ctur
e an
d sp
ace
usag
e. M
ulti-
use
spac
es (
Illu
stra
tions
13,
14,
15)
can
be u
sed
for
stud
y, lo
unge
s, e
atin
g, o
rbe
d ov
erfl
ow.
As
the
offi
ce w
ith it
s de
sk a
nd f
iles
beco
mes
the
desi
gn m
odul
e fo
r an
of-
fice
bui
ldin
g, s
o to
o th
e he
alth
cen
ter
has
a de
sign
mod
ule:
the
patie
nt b
ed(I
llust
ratio
n 12
). R
oom
s, b
ed a
lcov
es,
or w
ards
are
dir
ect r
efle
ctio
ns o
fth
ism
odul
e an
d ar
e si
zed
acco
rdin
gly.
The
bas
ic c
ompo
nent
s fo
r a
typi
-ca
l sm
all c
ampu
s in
firm
ary-
clin
ic a
regr
aphi
cally
illu
stra
ted
in I
llust
ratio
nN
o. 6
, and
&T
e br
oken
dow
n in
to th
eir
rela
tive
affi
nitie
s. T
his
spac
e di
agra
mfo
rms
the
arch
itect
ural
pro
gram
fro
mw
hich
this
hea
lth c
ente
r is
dev
elop
ed.
The
cir
cula
r pl
an (
Illu
stra
tion
16) 26
17. S
ect/o
llth
roug
h in
firm
ary
NI)
()W
ing
(017
11an
d ra
ised
nur
se's
stat
ion
for
segr
egat
ion,
Roo
f sys
tom
is p
reca
st c
oncr
ete
hull
and
beam
"T"
svrt
iom
with
pre
cast
inte
rior
roltu
nas
and
on e
xter
irlo
red-
in-
plac
o co
ncro
to c
urve
d w
all u
nits
.M
ot-h
ank-
al a
nd e
lect
rical
uni
ts a
re'
loca
l 'd
hile
ach
the'
hoa
/th c
ente
r.M
e st
udy
ally
and
tirs
o,s"
Nta
tion
are'
illu
min
ated
with
sky
light
s.
PRE
CA
ST R
OO
Fk
BE
AM
UN
IT
S
BA
TH
INFI
RM
AR
Y
",'
I.,
tl
44.
a .'
,d
I
4r
a
u,
Pers
pect
ive
view
of w
aitin
g ar
eato
war
d re
cept
ion.
was
dev
elop
ed b
ecau
seit
pres
ente
dm
any
idea
l sol
utio
ns p
ecul
iar
to th
ere
quir
emen
ts o
f th
e pr
ogra
m:
1. C
entr
al n
urse
s' s
tatio
n fo
rto
tal
infi
rmar
y co
ntro
l.2.
Sho
rt d
ista
nces
to p
atie
nt b
eds.
3. C
ontr
ol o
ver
stud
y ar
eas,
wai
ting
area
, and
the
clin
ic.
4. S
impl
icity
of
cons
truc
tion
with
repe
titiv
e pr
ecas
t con
cret
e pa
rts.
5. A
n ar
chite
ctur
ally
ple
asin
g fo
rm.
The
arc
hite
ctur
al f
orm
per
form
s its
func
tion
wel
l in
that
it c
reat
es h
igh,
plea
sing
, wel
l-ill
umin
atea
spa
ces
over
the
rais
ed n
urse
s' s
tatio
ns, s
tudy
are
a,an
d w
aitin
g ar
ea, a
nd lo
w, i
ntim
ate
spac
esin
the
bed
alco
ves
and
clin
icof
fice
spac
es(X
llust
ratir
ms
17,
1R).
The
nur
ses'
livi
ng q
uart
ers
a..e
a c
on-
tinua
tioli
of th
e st
ruct
ure
syst
em. E
ach
bed
alco
ve c
onta
ins
four
pat
ient
bed
san
d ea
ch h
as it
s ow
n ba
thro
om. T
heal
cove
can
be
scre
ened
off
for
pri
vacy
for
each
bed
and
fro
m th
e ov
erfl
owst
udy
area
A p
artit
ion
divi
des
the 20
Per
spec
tive
view
of s
tudy
are
ash
owin
g st
udy
carr
els,
rais
ednu
rses
' sta
tion,
and
sky
light
s.
men
's in
firm
ary
from
the
wom
en's
in-
firm
ary
and
can
be r
eloc
ated
to a
djus
tto
une
qual
men
-wom
en s
pace
req
uire
-m
ents
.T
he c
ircu
lar
form
of
the
rais
ed r
oof
is v
isib
le f
rom
any
par
t of
the
heal
thce
nter
as
seen
in th
e th
ree
pers
pect
ives
.W
here
sou
nd p
artit
ioni
ng is
req
uire
dgl
ass
is u
sed.
The
ent
ire
cent
eris
il-
lum
inat
ed w
ith s
kylig
hts.
The
clin
icar
ea is
not
obs
cure
part
ition
edto
the
ceili
ngbu
t sha
res
in th
e vi
ewof
the
soft
cur
ving
roo
f by
hav
ing
glas
s ab
ove
the
7' le
vel.
The
rai
sed
nurs
es' s
tatio
n ha
s vi
sual
cont
rol o
f th
e w
aitin
g ar
ea. A
gla
ssan
d w
ood
slat
-par
titio
n pr
even
ts c
lear
visi
on f
rom
the
wai
ting
area
to th
ein
firm
ary
with
out h
inde
ring
visu
alco
ntro
l fro
m th
e ra
ised
nur
ses'
sta
tion
beyo
nd.
29
Dan
R. S
tew
art
Des
igne
rC
audi
ll, R
owle
tt &
Sco
tt
Irin
emor
sam
s.bk
-0.1
0o...
.....4
21aM
a*.a
r....
.a..1
....r
m...
,,....
...,_
...,.,
,
Per
spec
tive
view
from
abe
d al
cove
tow
ard
stud
y-ov
erflo
war
ea a
nd r
aise
d nu
rses
'st
atio
n.
Pho
to C
redi
tsA
ll ph
otog
raph
s co
urte
sy o
f th
e in
stitu
tions
they
rep
rese
nt, w
ith th
e fo
llow
ing
exce
ptio
ns:
PAGES
3 &
16,
Lou
is R
eens
PAGES
5 &
6, H
erb
Com
ess
PAGE
11, G
lissm
anPAGES
25 th
roug
h 31
, Mau
rice
Mill
er
Des
ign:
TOM MC ARTHUR ASSOCIATES
32
G
Oth
er R
epor
ts F
rom
EFL
The
fol
low
ing
publ
icat
ions
dea
ling
with
fac
il-iti
es f
or h
ighe
r ed
ucat
ion
are
avai
labl
e fr
omth
e of
fice
s of
EFL
: 477
Mad
ison
Ave
nue,
New
Yor
k 22
, N. Y
.
Col
lege
Stu
dent
s Li
ve H
ere.
A s
tudy
of
Col
lege
Hou
sing
. A r
evie
w o
f th
e fa
ctor
sin
volv
ed in
pla
nnin
g an
d bu
ildin
g do
rmi-
tori
es a
nd o
ther
type
s of
col
lege
hou
sing
.
To
Bui
ld O
r N
ot T
o B
uild
.A
rep
ort o
n th
eut
iliza
tion
and
plan
ning
of
inst
ruc"
lnal
faci
litie
s in
sm
all c
olle
ges.
Cas
e S
tudi
es O
f Edu
catio
nal F
acili
ties.
A s
erie
s of
rep
orts
whi
ch p
rovi
de in
form
a-tio
n on
spe
cifi
c so
lutio
ns to
pro
blem
s in
scho
ol p
lann
ing,
des
ign,
and
con
stru
ctio
n.
CO
NV
EN
TIO
NA
L G
YM
NA
SIU
M V
S. G
EO
DE
SIC
FIE
LD
HO
USE
. Wes
t Bet
hesd
a H
igh
Scho
ol, M
ontg
omer
y C
ount
y, M
aryl
and.
SPA
CE
AN
D D
OL
LA
RS:
An
Urb
an U
nive
r-si
ty E
xpan
ds. A
rep
ort o
n th
e ec
onom
icph
ysic
al e
xpan
sion
of
urba
n un
iver
sitie
sba
sed
on a
cas
e st
udy
of th
e D
rexe
l In-
stitu
te o
f T
echn
olog
y.
A D
IVIS
IBL
E A
UD
ITO
RIU
M. B
ould
er C
ityH
igh
Scho
ol, B
ould
er C
ity, N
evad
a.
NE
W C
AM
PUSE
S FO
R O
LD
: A c
ase
stud
yof
fou
r co
llege
s th
at m
oved
.
EF
L C
olle
ge N
ewsl
ette
r.Fo
r co
llege
ad-
min
istr
ator
s, to
kee
p th
em u
p to
dat
e on
the
stud
ies
of p
hysi
cal f
acili
ties
for
high
ered
ucat
ion
bein
g pu
rsue
d by
EFL
.
And
, com
ing
soon
..
.
Bric
ks A
nd M
orta
rboa
rds
A g
uide
for
the
deci
sion
mak
ers
in h
ighe
r ed
ucat
ion.
How
can
the
colle
ges
and
univ
ersi
ties
prov
:de
enou
gh s
pace
for
the
burg
eoni
ng e
nrol
l-m
ents
of
this
dec
ade?
And
how
can
that
spac
e be
mad
e ad
apta
ble
to th
e in
evita
ble
chan
ges
in th
e ed
ucat
iona
l pro
cess
in th
ede
cade
s ah
ead?