: A Problem-Solving

Approach: 2013 and beyond

L_

SHAMTICKOO

ProfessorDepartment ofMechanical Engineering Technology

Purdue University Calumet

Hammond, Indiana, USA

CADCIM TECHNOLOGIES

(wivw.cadcim.com)

USA

* CENGAGE» Learning*

Australia • Brazil • Japan • Korea • Mexico • Singapore • Spain • United Kingdom • United States

CONTENTS

Introduction xxvii

AutoCAD Part I

Chapter 1: Introduction to AutoCAD

Starting AutoCAD 1-2

AutoCAD Screen Components* 1-3

Drawing Area 1-3

Command Window 1-4

Navigation Bar 1-4

ViewCube 1-4

In-canvas Viewport Controls 1-4

Status Bar 1-4

Invoking Commands in AutoCAD 1-9

Keyboard 1-9

Ribbon 1-9

Application Menu 1-10

Tool Palettes 1-10

Menu Bar 1-11

Toolbar 1-11

Shortcut Menu 1-12

AutoCAD Dialog Boxes 1-13

Starting a New Drawing 1-14

Open a Drawing 1-15

Start from Scratch 1-16

Use a Template 1-16

Use a Wizard 1-16

Saving Your Work 1-17

Save Drawing As Dialog Box 1-21

Automatic Timed Save 1-22

Creating Backup Files 1-25

Changing Automatic Timed Saved and Backup Files into AutoCAD Format 1-25

Using the Drawing Recovery Manager to Recover Files 1-25

Closing a Drawing 1-26

Opening an Existing Drawing 1-26

Opening an Existing Drawing Using the Select File Dialog Box 1-26

Opening an Existing Drawing Using the Startup Dialog Box 1-29

Opening an Existing Drawing Using the Drag and Drop Method 1-30

Contents

Quitting AutoCAD 1-30

Creating and Managing Workspaces 1-30

Creating a New Workspace 1-30

Modifying the Workspace Settings 1-31

AutoCAD's Help 1-32

Autodesk Cloud* 1-33

Autodesk Exchange Apps* 1-34

Additional Help Resources* 1-35

Chapter 2: Getting Started with AutoCAD

Dynamic Input Mode 2-2

Enable Pointer Input 2-2

Enable Dimension Input where possible 2-3

Show command prompting and command input near the crosshairs 2-5

Drafting Tooltip Appearance 2-5

Drawing Lines in AutoCAD 2-6

The Close Option 2-7

The Undo Option 2-8

Invoking tools Using Dynamic INPUT/Command Prompt 2-8

Coordinate Systems 2-8

Absolute Coordinate System 2-9

Relative Coordinate System 2-12

Relative Polar Coordinates 2-15

Direct Distance Entry 2-17

Erasing Objects 2-19

Canceling and Undoing a Command 2-20

Object Selection Methods 2-20

Window Selection 2-21

Window Crossing Method 2-21

Drawing a Circle 2-22

Basic Display Commands 2-26

Zooming Drawings 2-26

Setting Units Type and Precision 2-27

Specifying the Format 2-27

Specifying the Angle Format 2-28

Setting the Direction for Angle Measurement 2-29

Specifying Units for the Drawing or Block to be Inserted 2-30

Sample Output 2-30

Specifying Units for Lighting 2-30

Setting the Limits of a Drawing 2-31

Setting Limits 2-32

Limits for Architectural Drawings 2-33

Limits for Metric Drawings 2-34

Introduction to Plotting Drawings 2-35

Modifying AutoCAD Settings by Using the Options Dialog Box 2-37

Chapter 3: Starting with Advanced Sketching

Drawing Arcs 3-2

Drawing Rectangles 3-9

Drawing Ellipses 3-12

Drawing Regular Polygons 3-16

Contenft^^ ix

Drawing Polylines 3-17

Drawing Donuts 3-22

Placing Points 3-23

Changing the Point Style and Size 3-23

Placing Multiple Points 3-24

Placing Points at Equal Distance 3-24

Placing Points at Specified Intervals 3-24

Drawing Infinite Lines 3-25

Drawing Construction Lines 3-25

Drawing Ray 3-27

Writing a Single Line Text 3-28

Chapter 4: Working with Drawing Aids

Introduction 4-2

Understanding the Concept and Use of Layers 4-2

Working with Layers 4-3

Creating New Layers 4-3

Making a Layer Current 4-4

Controlling the Display of Layers 4-5

Deleting Layers 4-9

Managing the Display of Columns 4-9

Selective Display of Layers 4-10

Layer States 4-11

Reconciling New Layers 4-12

Isolating and Unisolating Layers 4-13

Controlling the Layer Settings 4-13

Object Properties 4-17

Changing the Color 4-17

Changing the Linetype 4-18

Changing the Lineweight 4-18

Changing the Plot Style 4-19

Changing Object Properties using the Properties Palette 4-19

Changing Object Properties using the Quick Properties Palette 4-20

Global and Current Linetype Scaling 4-21

LTSCALE Factor for Plotting 4-21

Working with the DesignCenter 4-22

Drafting Settings Dialog Box 4-22

Setting Grid 4-23

Setting Snap 4-25

Snap Type 4-25

Drawing Straight Lines Using the Ortho Mode 4-26

Working with Object Snaps 4-26

Running Object Snap Mode 4-37

Overriding the Running Snap 4-37

Cycling through Snaps 4-38

Setting the Priority for Coordinate Entry 4-38

Using AutoTracking 4-39

Object Snap Tracking 4-39

Polar Tracking 4-40

AutoTrack Settings 4-41

Function and Control Keys 4-41

Contents

Chapter 5: Editing Sketched Objects-I

Creating a Selection Set 5-2

Editing Sketches 5-7

Moving the Sketched Objects 5-7

Copying the Sketched Objects 5-8

Creating Multiple Copies 5-8

Creating an Array of Selected Objects 5-8

Creating a Single Copy 5-9

Copying Objects Using the Base Point 5-10

Pasting Contents from the Clipboard 5-11

Pasting Contents Using the Original Coordinates 5-11

Offsetting Sketched Objects 5-11

Through Option 5-11

Erase Option 5-12

Layer Option 5-12

Rotating Sketched Objects 5-13

Scaling the Sketched Objects 5-14

Filleting the Sketches 5-16

Chamfering the Sketches 5-19

Blending the Curves 5-21

Trimming the Sketched Objects 5-23

Extending the Sketched Objects 5-26

Stretching the Sketched Objects 5-28

Lengthening the Sketched Objects 5-29

Arraying the Sketched Objects* 5-30

Rectangular Array 5-31

Polar Array 5-37

Path Array 5-43

Mirroring the Sketched Objects 5-45

Text Mirroring 5-46

Breaking the Sketched Objects 5-47

Placing Points at Specified Intervals 5-48

Dividing the Sketched Objects 5-49

Joining the Sketched Objects 5-50

Chapter 6: Editing Sketched Objects-ll

Introduction to Grips 6-2

Types of Grips 6-2

Adjusting Grip Settings 6-3

Editing Objects by Using Grips 6-4

Stretching the Objects by Using Grips (Stretch Mode) 6-4

Moving the Objects by Using Grips (Move Mode) 6-6

Rotating the Objects by Using Grips (Rotate Mode) 6-7

Scaling the Objects by Using Grips (Scale Mode) 6-8

Mirroring the Objects by Using Grips (Mirror Mode) 6-9

Editing a Polyline by Using Grips 6-10

Loading Hyperlinks 6-12

Editing Gripped Objects 6-12

Changing the Properties Using the Properties Palette 6-12

Changing the Properties by Using Grips 6-13

Matching the Properties of Sketched Objects 6-13

Quick Selection of Sketched Objects 6-14

Cycling Through Selection 6-16

Managing Contents Using the DesignCenter 6-16

Autodesk Seek design content Link 6-19

Making Inquiries About Objects and Drawings 6-21

Measuring Area of Objects 6-22

Measuring the Distance between Two Points 6-24

Identifying the Location of a Point 6-25

Listing Information about Objects 6-26

Listing Information about all Objects in a Drawing 6-26

Checking Time-Related Information 6-27

Obtaining Drawing Status Information 6-27

Displaying Drawing Properties 6-28

Basic Display Options 6-29

Redrawing the Screen 6-29

Regenerating Drawings 6-29

Zooming Drawings 6-30

Panning Drawings 6-37

Creating Views 6-38

Understanding the Concept of Sheet Sets 6-41

Creating a Sheet Set 6-42

Adding a Subset to a Sheet Set 6-46

Adding Sheets to a Sheet Set or a Subset 6-47

Archiving a Sheet Set 6-47

Resaving all Sheets in a Sheet Set 6-48

Placing Views on a Sheet of a Sheet Set 6-48

Chapter 7: Creating Texts and Tables

Annotative Objects 7-2

Annotation Scale 7-2

Assigning Annotative Property and Annotation Scales 7-2

Customizing Annotation Scale 7-3

Multiple Annotation Scales 7-3

Assigning Multiple Annotation Scales Manually 7-3

Assigning Multiple Annotation Scales Automatically 7-4

Controlling the Display ofAnnotative Objects 7-5

Creating Text 7-5

Writing Single Line Text 7-6

Entering Special Characters 7-10

Creating Multiline Text 7-10

Editing Text 7-26

Editing Text Using the DDEDIT Command 7-26

Editing Text Using the Properties Palette 7-27

Modifying the Scale of the Text 7-27

Modifying the Justification of the Text 7-27

Inserting Table in the Drawing 7-27

Creating a New Table Style 7-32

Setting a Table Style As Current 7-36

Modifying a Table Style 7-36

Modifying Tables 7-36

Substituting Fonts 7-41

Specifying an Alternate Default Font 7-42

Creating Text Styles 7-42

Contents

Determining Text Height 7-44

Creating Annotative Text 7-45

Checking Spelling 7-45

Text Quality and Text Fill 7-47

Finding and Replacing Text 7-47

Creating Title Sheet Table in a Sheet Set 7-48

Chapter 8: Basic Dimensioning, Geometric Dimensioning, and

Tolerancing

Need for Dimensioning 8-2

Dimensioning in AutoCAD 8-2

Fundamental Dimensioning Terms 8-2

Dimension Line 8-3

Dimension Text 8-3

Arrowheads 8-3

Extension Lines 8-3

Leader 8-4

Center Mark and Centerlines 8-4

Alternate Units 8-4

Tolerances 8-5

Limits 8-5

Associative Dimensions 8-5

Definition Points 8-6

Annotative Dimensions 8-7

Selecting Dimensioning Commands 8-7

Dimensioning a Number of Objects Together 8-8

Creating Linear Dimensions 8-9

Creating Aligned Dimensions 8-12

Creating Arc Length Dimensions 8-13

Creating Rotated Dimensions 8-14

Creating Baseline Dimensions 8-15

Creating Continued Dimensions 8-16

Creating Angular Dimensions 8-17

Creating Diameter Dimensions 8-20

Creating Jogged Dimensions 8-21

Creating Radius Dimensions 8-21

Creating Jogged Linear Dimensions 8-22

Generating Center Marks and Centerlines 8-23

Creating Ordinate Dimensions 8-23

Maintaining Equal spacing between Dimensions 8-25

Creating Dimension Breaks 8-25

Creating Inspection Dimensions 8-27

Working with True Associative Dimensions 8-28

Removing the Dimension Associativity 8-28

Converting a Dimension into a True Associative Dimension 8-29

Drawing Leaders 8-29

Multileaders 8-33

Drawing Multileaders 8-33

Adding Leaders to Existing Multileader 8-36

Removing Leaders from Existing Multileader 8-36

Aligning Multileaders 8-36

Collecting Multiple Notes to Single Landing 8-39

Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing 8-40

Geometric Characteristics and Symbols 8-41

Adding Geometric Tolerance 8-41

Complex Feature Control Frames 8-43

Combining Geometric Characteristics 8-43

Composite Position Tolerancing 8-44

Using Feature Control Frames with Leaders 8-45

Projected Tolerance Zone 8-45

Creating Annotative Dimensions, Tolerances, Leaders, and Multileaders 8-48

Chapter 9: Editing Dimensions

Editing Dimensions Using Editing Tools 9-2

Editing Dimensions by Stretching 9-2

Editing Dimensions by Trimming and Extending 9-3

Flipping Dimension Arrow 9-4

Modifying the Dimensions 9-4

Editing the Dimension Text 9-6

Updating Dimensions 9-7

Editing Dimensions with Grips 9-7

Editing Dimensions Using the Properties Palette 9-7

Model Space and Paper Space Dimensioning 9-10

Chapter 10: Dimension Styles, Multileader Styles, and SystemVariables

Using Styles and Variables to Control Dimensions 10-2

Creating and Restoring Dimension Styles 10-2

New Dimension Style Dialog box 10-3

Controlling the Dimension Text Format 10-10

Fitting Dimension Text and Arrowheads 10-14

Formatting Primary Dimension Units 10-17

Formatting Alternate Dimension Units 10-20

Formatting the Tolerances 10-21

Dimension Style Families 10-25

Using Dimension Style Overrides 10-27

Comparing and Listing Dimension Styles 10-29

Using Externally Referenced Dimension Styles 10-29

Creating and Restoring Multileader Styles 10-30

Modify Multileader Style Dialog Box 10-31

Chapter 11: Adding Constraints to Sketches

Introduction 11-2

Adding Geometric Constraints 11-2

Applying the Horizontal Constraint 11-2

Applying the Vertical Constraint 11-3

Applying the Coincident Constraint 11-4

Applying the Fix Constraint 11-4

Applying the Perpendicular Constraint 11-5

Applying the Parallel Constraint 11-5

Applying the Collinear Constraint 11-5

Contents

Applying the Concentric Constraint 11 -6

Applying the Tangent Constraint 11 -6

Applying the Symmetric Constraint 11 -6

Applying the Equal Constraint 11 -7

Applying the Smooth Constraint 11 -7

Controlling the Display of Constraints 11--7

Applying Constraints Automatically 11 -12

Applying Dimensional Constraints 11 -13

Converting a Dimensional Constraint into an Annotational Constraint 11--14

Concept of a Fully-Defined Sketch 11 -14

Under-defined 11--15

Fully-defined 11--15

Over-defined 11--15

Controlling the Display of the Dimensional Constraint 11--16

Working with Equations 11--19

Adding Equations while Applying Dimensional Constraints 11--20

Adding Equations Using the Parameters Manager 11--20

Chapter 12: Technical Drawing with AutoCAD

Multiview Drawings 12--2

Understanding the X, Y, and Z Axes 12--2

Orthographic Projections 12--3

Positioning Orthographic Views 12--4

Dimensioning 12--8

Dimensioning Components 12--9

Basic Dimensioning Rules 12--9

Sectional Views 12--17

Full Section 12--18

Half Section 12--18

Broken Section 12--19

Revolved Section 12--19

Removed Section 12--20

Offset Section 12--21

Aligned Section 12--21

Cutting Plane Lines 12--21

Spacing for Hatch Lines 12--23

Direction of Hatch Lines 12--23

Points to Remember 12--24

Auxiliary Views 12--27

Detail Drawing, Assembly Drawing, and Bill of Materials 12--31

Chapter 13: Isometric Drawings

Isometric Drawings 13-2

Isometric Projections 13--2

Isometric Axes and Planes 13-2

Setting the Isometric Grid and Snap 13-3

Drawing Isometric Circles 13--7

Creating Fillets in Isometric Drawings 13--8

Dimensioning Isometric Objects 13-•8

Isometric Text 13-9

Chapter 14: Hatching Drawings

Hatching 14-2

Hatch Patterns 14-2

Hatch Boundary 14-3

Hatching Drawings Using the Hatch Tool 14-3

Panels in the Hatch Creation Tab 14-4

Creating Annotative Hatch 14-15

Hatching the Drawing Using the Tool Palettes 14-15

Drag and Drop Method 14-16

Select and Place Method 14-16

Modifying the Properties of the Predefined Patterns available

in the Tool Palettes 14-16

Hatching Around Text, Dimensions, and Attributes 14-18

Editing Hatch Patterns 14-18

Using the Hatch Editor Tab 14-18

Using the HATCHEDIT Command 14-18

Using the PROPERTIES Command 14-20

Editing the Hatch Boundary 14-21

Using Grips 14-21

Trimming the Hatch Patterns 14-22

Using AutoCAD Editing Tools 14-24

Hatching Blocks and Xref Drawings 14-25

Creating a Boundary Using Closed Loops 14-25

Other Features of Hatching 14-26

Chapter 15: Model Space Viewports, Paper Space Viewports, andLayouts

Model Space and Paper Space/Layouts 15-2

Model Space Viewports (Tiled Viewports)* 15-3

Creating Tiled Viewports 15-3

Making a Viewport Current 15-5

Joining Two Adjacent Viewports 15-5

Paper Space Viewports (Floating Viewports) 15-6

Creating Floating Viewports 15-7

Creating Rectangular Viewports 15-7

Creating Polygonal Viewports 15-9

Converting an Existing Closed Object into a Viewport 15-10

Temporary Model Space 15-10

Editing Viewports 15-12

Controlling the Display of Objects in Viewports 15-12

Locking the Display of Objects in Viewports 15-12

Controlling the Display of Hidden Lines in Viewports 15-12

Clipping Existing Viewports 15-13

Maximizing Viewports 15-14

Controlling the Properties of Viewport Layers 15-14

Controlling the Layers in Viewports Using Layer Properties Manager Dialog box 15-16

Paper Space Linetype Scaling (PSLTSCALE System variable) 15-18

Inserting Layouts 15-19

Importing Layouts to Sheet Sets 15-21

Inserting a Layout Using the Wizard 15-21

Defining Page Settings 15-22

Contents

Working with the MVSETUP Command 15-23

Converting the Distance Between Model Space and Paper Space 15-27

Controlling the Display ofAnnotative Objects in Viewports 15-27

Chapter 16: Plotting Drawings

Plotting Drawings in AutoCAD 16-2

Plotting Drawings Using the Plot Dialog Box 16-2

Adding Plotters 16-9

Editing the Plotter Configuration 16-11

Importing PCP/PC2 Configuration Files 16-13

Setting Plot Parameters 16-13

Working with Page Setups 16-13

Using Plot Styles 16-16

Adding a Plot Style 16-17

Plot Style Table Editor 16-19

Applying Plot Styles 16-22

Setting the Current Plot Style 16-23

Plotting Sheets in a Sheet Set 16-26

Chapter 17: Template Drawings

Creating Template Drawings 17-2

Standard Template Drawings 17-2

Loading a Template Drawing 17-7

Customizing Drawings with Layers and Dimensioning Specifications 17-8

Customizing a Drawing with Layout 17-13

Customizing Drawings with Viewports 17-16

Customizing Drawings According to Plot Size and Drawing Scale 17-18

AutoCAD Part II

Chapter 18: Working with Blocks

The Concept of Blocks 18-2

Formation of Blocks 18-3

Converting Entities into a Block 18-4

Inserting Blocks 18-7

Creating and Inserting Annotative Blocks 18-13

Block Editor 18-15

Dynamic Blocks 18-16

Adding Parameter and Action Simultaneously Using Parameter Sets 18-31

Inserting Blocks Using the DesignCenter 18-32

Using Tool Palettes to insert Blocks 18-33

Inserting Blocks in the Drawing 18-33

Modifying Properties of the Blocks in the Tool Palettes 18-34

Adding Blocks in Tool Palettes 18-35

Drag and Drop Method 18-35

Shortcut Menu 18-35

Modifying Existing Blocks in the Tool Palettes 18-36

Layers, Colors, Linetypes, and Lineweights for Blocks 18-36

Nesting of Blocks 18-37

Inserting Multiple Blocks 18-39

Creating Drawing Files Using the Write Block Dialog box 18-40

Defining the Insertion Base Point 18-42

Editing Blocks 18-43

Editing Blocks in Place 18-43

Exploding Blocks Using the XPLODE Command 18-46

Renaming Blocks 18-48

Deleting Unused Blocks 18-48

Applying Constraints to Blocks 18-49

Chapter 19: Defining Block Attributes

Understanding Attributes 19-2

Defining Attributes 19-2

Editing Attribute Definition 19-7

Using the Properties Palette 19-8

Inserting Blocks with Attributes 19-9

Managing Attributes 19-11

Extracting Attributes 19-16

Controlling Attribute Visibility 19-33

Editing Block Attributes 19-34

Editing Attributes Using the Enhanced Attribute Editor 19-34

Editing Attributes Using the Edit Attributes Dialog Box 19-36

Global Editing of Attributes 19-37

Redefining a Block With Attributes 19-42

In-place Editing of Blocks with Attributes 19-43

Inserting Text Files in the Drawing 19-44

Chapter 20: Understanding External References

External References 20-2

Dependent Symbols 20-2

Managing External References in a Drawing 20-4

The Overlay Option 20-11

Attaching Files to a Drawing 20-14

Working with Underlays 20-15

Editing an Underlay 20-15

Opening an Xreffed Object in a Separate Window 20-17

Using the DesignCenter to Attach a Drawing as an Xref 20-17

Adding xref Dependent Named Objects 20-18

Clipping External References 20-19

Displaying Clipping Frame 20-21

Demand Loading 20-21

Editing References in-Place 20-23

Chapter 21: Working with Advanced Drawing Options

Understanding the Use of Multilines 21-2

Defining the Multiline Style 21-2

Drawing Multilines 21-6

Editing Multilines by Using Grips 21-7

Editing Multilines by Using the Dialog Box 21-8

Cross Intersection (CC/OC/MC) 21 -8

Tee Intersection (CT/OT/MT) 21 -9

CornerJoint (CJ) 21-10

Adding and Deleting Vertices (AV/DV) 21-10

Cutting and Welding Multilines (CS/CA/WA) 21-11

Creating Revision Clouds 21-13

Creating Wipeouts 21-14

Creating NURBS 21-15

Editing Splines 21-17

Editing Splines using 3D Edit Bar 21-21

Chapter 22: Grouping and Advanced Editing of Sketched Objects

Grouping Sketched Objects Using the Object Grouping Dialog box 22-2

Grouping Sketched Objects Using the Group Button 22-7

Selecting Groups 22-7

Changing Properties of an Object 22-8

Exploding Compound Objects 22-13

Editing Polylines 22-14

Editing Single Polyline 22-15

Editing Multiple Polylines 22-27

Undoing Previous Commands 22-28

Reversing the Undo Operation 22-33

Renaming Named Objects 22-33

Removing Unused Named Objects 22-34

View items you can purge 22-35

View items you cannot purge 22-36

Setting Selection Modes Using the Options Dialog Box 22-37

Noun/verb selection 22-37

Use Shift to add to selection Option 22-38

Implied windowing 22-38

Press and drag 22-38

Object grouping 22-39

Associative Hatch 22-39

Pickbox Size 22-39

Window selection method 22-39

Chapter 23: Working with Data Exchange & Object Linking andEmbedding

Understanding the Concept of Data Exchange in AutoCAD 23-2

Creating Data Interchange (DXF) Files 23-2

Creating a Data Interchange File 23-2

Information in a DXF File 23-3

Converting DXF Files into Drawing Files 23-3

Importing CAD Files 23-4

Other Data Exchange Formats 23-4

DXB File Format 23-4

Creating and Using an ACIS File 23-4

Importing 3D Studio Files 23-5

Creating and Using a Windows Metafile 23-5

Creating and Using a V8 DGN File 23-5

Creating a BMP File 23-6

Raster Images 23-6

Attaching Raster Images 23-7

Managing Raster Images 23-8

Editing Raster Image Files 23-10

Clipping Raster Images 23-10

Adjusting Raster Images 23-11

Modifying the Image Quality 23-12

Modifying the Transparency of an Image 23-12

Controlling the Display of Image Frames 23-12

Changing the Display Order 23-13

Other Editing Operations 23-13

Scaling Raster Images 23-13

DWG CONVERT 23-13

Conversion Setup Options 23-14

Working With PostScript Files 23-17

Creating PostScript Files 23-18

Object Linking and Embedding (OLE) 23-20

Content Explorer 23-27

Chapter 24: The User Coordinate System

The World Coordinate System (WCS) 24-2

Controlling the Visibility of the UCS Icon 24-2

Defining the New UCS 24-4

Managing the UCS through the Dialog Box 24-17

System Variables 24-20

Chapter 25: Getting Started with 3D

Starting Three Dimensional (3D) Modeling In AutoCAD 25-2

Use ofThree-dimensional Drawing 25-2

Types of 3D Models 25-3

Wireframe Models 25-3

Surface Models 25-3

Solid Models 25-3

Conventions in AutoCAD 25-4

Changing the Viewpoint to View 3D Models 25-5

Changing the Viewpoint Using the ViewCube 25-6

Changing the Viewpoint Using the Ribbon or the Toolbar 25-7

Changing the Viewpoint Using the Viewpoint Presets Dialog Box 25-9

Changing the Viewpoint Using the Command 25-11

In-Canvas Viewport Control 25-13

3D Coordinate Systems 25-15

Absolute Coordinate System 25-15

Relative Coordinate System 25-16

Direct Distance Entry Method 25-18

Trim, Extend, and Fillet Tools in 3D 25-20

Setting Thickness and Elevation for New Objects 25-21

The ELEV Command 25-21

Suppressing the Hidden Edges 25-22

Creating 3D Polylines 25-23

Converting Wireframe Models into Surface Models 25-23

Creating 3D Faces 25-23

Contents

Creating Polyface Meshes 25-24

Controlling the Visibility of the 3D Face Edges 25-26

Creating Planar Surfaces 25-27

The 3DMESH Command 25-27

Editing the Surface Mesh 25-28

The Edit Polyline Tool 25-28

Dynamic Viewing of 3D Objects 25-30

Using the SteeringWheels 25-30

Dynamically Rotating the View of a Model 25-33

Clipping the View ofa Model Dynamically 25-40

Nudge Functionality 25-41

Chapter 26: Creating Solid Models

What is Solid Modeling? 26-2

Creating Predefined Solid Primitives 26-2

Creating a Solid Box 26-2

Creating a Solid Cone 26-4

Creating a Solid Cylinder 26-7

Creating a Solid Sphere 26-8

Creating a Solid Torus 26-8

Creating a Solid Wedge 26-9

Creating a Pyramid 26-9

Creating a Polysolid 26-10

Creating a Helix 26-13

Modifying the Visual Styles of Solids 26-15

Controlling the Settings of Edges 26-20

Controlling the Face Display 26-21

Controlling the Backgrounds 26-22

Creating Complex Solid Models 26-23

Creating Regions 26-23

Creating Complex Solid Models by Applying Boolean Operations 26-23

Combining Solid Models 26-23

Subtracting One Solid From the Other 26-24

Intersecting Solid Models 26-24

Checking Interference in Solids 26-25

Dynamic UCS 26-29

Defining the New UCS Using the ViewCube and the Ribbon 26-30

Creating Extruded Solids 26-31

Extruding along the Normal 26-31

Extruding with a Taper Angle 26-32

Extruding along a Direction 26-32

Extruding along a Path 26-32

Extruding using Expressions 26-33

Creating Revolved Solids 26-33

Creating Swept Solids 26-34

Creating Lofted Solids 26-37

Creating Presspull Solids 26-46

Chapter 27: Modifying 3D Objects

Filleting Solid Models 27-2

Chamfering Solid Models 27-3

Contents J xxi

Rotating Solid Models in 3D Space 27-4

Rotating Solid Models about an Axis 27-6

Mirroring Solid Models in 3D Space 27-7

Moving Models in 3D Space 27-12

Creating Arrays in 3D Space* 27-13

Aligning Solid Models 27-15

Aligning Solids by Defining an Alignment Plane 27-17

Extracting Edges of a Solid Model 27-18

Converting Objects to Surfaces 27-19

Converting Objects to Solids 27-20

Converting Surfaces to Solids 27-20

Point Cloud* 27-21

Slicing Solid Models 27-24

Creating the Cross-Sections of Solids 27-27

Chapter 28: Editing 3D Objects

Editing Solid Models 28-2

Editing Faces of a Solid Model 28-2

Editing Edges of a Solid Model 28-7

Editing Entire Body of a Solid Model 28-9

Generating a Section by Defining a Section Plane 28-12Solid History 28-19

Generating Drawing Views of a Solid Model 28-20Solid View 28-20

Solid Drawing 28-22Solid Profile 28-23

Drawing Views* 28-23

Base View 28-23

Projected View 28-25Edit View 28-25

Update View 28-25

Auto Update 28-26

Drafting Standard 28-26

Generating Section View of a 2D Drawing 28-26

Creating Flatshot 28-28

Calculating the Mass Properties of Solid Models 28-31

Recording the Drawing Steps by Using the Action Recorder 28-33

Using ShowMotion for Presentation 28-34

Playing the Animation 28-36

Editing in Fusion 28-36

Chapter 29: Surface Modeling

Surface Modeling 29-2

Creating Wireframe Elements 29-2

Spline CV 29-2

Spline Fit 29-2

Spline Freehand 29-3

Extract Isoline Curves 29-3

Creating Surfaces by Using Profiles 29-3

Creating an Extruded Surface 29-4

Creating a Revolved Surface 29-5

Creating a Loft Surface 29-5

XX^) Contents

Creating a Sweep Surface 29-6

Creating a Planar Surface 29-6

Creating a Network Surface 29-6

Creating Surfaces from other Surfaces 29-7

Creating a Blend Surface 29-7

Creating a Patch Surface 29-9

Creating an Offset Surface 29-10

Editing Surfaces 29-11

Creating Fillets 29-11

Trimming Surfaces 29-12

Untrimming Surfaces 29-13

Extending Surfaces 29-14

Sculpting Surfaces 29-15

Extracting Intersections 29-15

Editing the NURBS surfaces 29-24

Projecting Geometries 29-27

Performing Surface Analysis 29-33

Zebra 29-33

Analysis Curvature 29-34

Analysis Draft 29-34

Chapter 30: Mesh Modeling• / ,

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Introduction 30-2

Creating Mesh Primitives 30-2

Creating a Mesh Box 30-2

Creating Surface Meshes 30-4

Creating Revolved Surface Meshes 30-5

Creating Edge Surface Meshes 30-6

Creating Ruled Surface Meshes 30-6

Creating Tabulated Surface Meshes 30-7

Modifying Mesh Objects 30-9

Adding Smoothness to Meshes 30-9

Refining the Meshes 30-12

Adding Crease to Meshes 30-13

Editing Mesh Faces 30-15

Splitting the Mesh Faces 30-15

Extruding the Mesh Faces 30-15

Merging the Mesh Faces 30-16

Closing the Gaps 30-16

Collapsing the Mesh Vertices 30-17

Spinning the Edges of Triangular Faces 30-17

Converting Mesh Objects 30-21

Converting Mesh Objects into Solids 30-22

Converting Mesh Objects into Surfaces 30-23

Working with Gizmos 30-25

Move Gizmo 30-25

Rotate Gizmo 30-25

Scale Gizmo 30-25

Chapter 31: Rendering and Animating Designs

Understanding the Concept of Rendering 31-2

Assigning Materials 31-2

Materials Browser 31-3

Assigning Selected Materials to Objects 31-4

Attaching Material by Layers 31-5

Creating and Editing Materials 31-6

Basic Rendering 31-7

Creating New Materials* 31-9

Mapping Materials on Objects 31-14

Converting Materials Created in AutoCAD Previous Release to

AutoCAD 2013 Format 31-18

Adding Lights to the Design 31-18

Default Light 31-19

Point Light 31-20

Spotlight 31-27

Distant Light 31-28

Web Light 31-29

Sun Light 31-30

Converting Lights Created in AutoCAD's Previous Release to

AutoCAD 2013 Format 31-36

Modifying lights 31-36

Understanding Advanced Rendering 31-36

Controlling the Rendering Environment 31-44

Rendering with a Background 31-44

Rendering with the Fog Effect 31-45

Adjusting the Lighting Exposure to Rendered Image 31-46

Rendering a Model with Different Render Settings 31-46

Obtaining Rendering Information 31 -49

Saving a Rendered Image 31-49

Saving the Rendered Image to a File 31-49

Saving the Viewport Rendering 31-49

Saving the Rendered Image from the Render Window 31-50

Plotting Rendered Images 31-50

Unloading AutoCAD Render 31-50

Working with Cameras 31-51

Create Camera 31-51

Editing the Cameras 31-53

Creating Animations 31-53

Creating Animation of 3D Navigations 31-54

Creating Animation by Defining the Path of the Camera Movement 31-55

Chapter 32: AutoCAD on Internet

Introduction

BROWSER

HYPERLINK

HYPERLINKFWD

HYPERLINKBACK

HYPERLINKSTOP

PASTEASHYPERLINK

HYPERLINKBASE

Attached URLs from R14

Changed Internet Commands

Understanding URLs

32-2

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32-2

32-2

32-2

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32-2

32-2

32-2

32-2

32-3

xxfr^) Contents

Launching a Web Browser 32-4

Changing the Default Website 32-5

Drawings on the Internet 32-5

Opening Drawings from the Internet 32-6

Inserting a Block from the Internet 32-9

Accessing Other Files on the Internet 32-9

i-drop 32-10

Saving a Drawing on the Internet 32-10

Online Resources 32-10

Using Hyperlinks with AutoCAD 32-11

Pasting as Hyperlink 32-17

Editing Hyperlinks 32-17

Removing Hyperlinks from Objects 32-17

The Drawing Web Format 32-17

Creating a DWF File 32-18

Online Documents* 32-25

Autodesk 360 32-25

Online Options 32-25

Open on Mobile 32-26

Customising Sync* 32-26

Sharing and Collaboration* 32-27

AutoCAD Part III

Chapter 33: Accessing External Database

Understanding Database 33-2

Database 33-2

Database Management System 33-2

Components of a Table 33-2

AutoCAD Database Connectivity 33-3

Database Configuration 33-3

dbConnect Manager 33-4

Viewing and Editing Table Data from AutoCAD 33-6

Creating Links with Graphical Objects 33-8

Creating Labels 33-12

AutoCAD SQL Environment (ASE) 33-16

AutoCAD Query Editor 33-16

Forming Selection Sets Using the Link Select 33-20

Chapter 34: Script Files and Slide Shows

What Are Script Files? 34-2

Running Script Files 34-4

Repeating Script Files 34-9

Introducing Time Delay in Script Files 34-9

Resuming Script Files 34-10

Command Line Switches 34-10

Running a Script File while Loading AutoCAD 34-11

What is a Slide Show? 34-19

What are Slides? 34-19

Creating Slides 34-19

Viewing Slides 34-20

Preloading Slides 34-22

Slide Libraries 34-24

Chapter 35: Creating Linotypes and Hatch Patterns

Standard Linetypes 35-2

Linetype Definitions 35-2

Elements of Linetype Specification 35-3

Creating Linetypes 35-3

Alignment Specification 35-8

LTSCALE Command 35-9

LTSCALE Factor for Plotting 35-11

Current Linetype Scaling (CELTSCALE) 35-12

Alternate Linetypes 35-12

Modifying Linetypes 35-13

Complex Linetypes 35-16

Creating a String Complex Linetype 35-16

Hatch Pattern Definition 35-23

How Hatch Works? 35-25

Simple Hatch Pattern 35-26

Effect ofAngle and Scale Factor on Hatch 35-27

Hatch Pattern with Dashes and Dots 35-28

Hatch with Multiple Descriptors 35-30

Saving Hatch Patterns in a Separate File 35-34

Custom Hatch Pattern File 35-34

Chapter 36: Customizing the acad.pgp File

What is the acad.pgp File? 36-2

Sections of the acad.pgp File 36-8

Reinitializing the acad.pgp File 36-10