Lymphocytes or antibodies bind to self antigens and cause cell lysis or inflammation

Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis Thyroid

Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (juvenile diabetes) Pancreas

Most frequently seen in middle aged women

React against thyroid antigens

Inflammatory response causes a goiter or enlargement of the thyroid gland Due to decreased production of thyroid

hormones (hypothyroidism)

What is the difference between IDDM and adult onset diabetes?

IDDM activated CTLs attack islet cells ( cells) Cytokine production – IFN-, TNF- and

IL-1 Auto-antibody production

Autoimmune hemolytic anemia Makes auto-antibodies to red blood cell antigens▪ Activate complement, hemolysis, phagocytosis▪ anemia

Goodpasture’s Syndrome Makes auto-antibodies against kidney and lung

basement membranes (react against collagen type IV)▪ Cause an inflammatory response▪ Kidney and lung function impaired

Similar to oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes in cancer

Auto-antibodies bind to hormone receptors instead of the normal ligand (agonist) Results in overproduction of some molecule

Auto-antibodies bind receptor and block normal function of hormone receptor (antagonist)

Produces antibodies that bind to the receptor for thyroid stimulating hormone

Activate adenylate cyclase Results in OVERproduction of thyroid

hormones

Two thyroid hormones = thyroxin and triiodothyronine

Produce auto-antibodies that bind the acetylcholine receptor in muscle

Prevents acetylcholine from binding to the receptor

Causing weakening of skeletal muscles

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Multiple Sclerosis

Rheumatoid Arthritis

Appears in women 20-40 years of age

Ratio of cases in female to males is 10:1

Produce antibodies to a wide variety of antigens: DNA Histones RBCs Platelets WBCs Clotting factors

Causes rashes, problems with kidneys and arthritis; chronic inflammatory disease; can affect all tissues

Symptoms vary and progress with age Brain degeneration, paralysis

Diagnosis usually between 20 -40 years of age

2-3 times more women with the disease than men

Contain autoreactive T cells – react against the myelin sheath of neurons (myelin basic protein)

Cause – unknown but may relate to virus infection

Genetic component but also environmental

Affects mostly women between the ages of 40 and 60

Chronic inflammation of the jointsProduce auto-antibodies (rheumatoid

factors) against Fc region of IgG

Results in joint inflammation and destruction

What antibody(ies) cross the placenta?

How long do you think this disease will last?