AUTOMATED GUIDED VEHICLE

PRESENTED BY : NURSAZWANI MOHD SHAMDEPARTMENT : INDUSTRIAL MECHATRONICLECTURE : MR. FAUZI BIN ANUAR

KOLEJ KEMAHIRAN TINGGI MARA

INDUSTRIAL AUTOMATION

“Introduction toAutomatic Guided Vehicles”

An automated guided vehicle or automatic guided vehicle (AGV) is a mobile robot that follows markers or wires in the floor, or uses vision, magnets, or lasers for navigation. They are most often used in industrial applications to move materials around a manufacturing facility or warehouse

The AGV can tow objects behind them in trailers to which they can autonomously attach. The trailers can be used to move raw materials or finished product. The AGV can also store objects on a bed. The objects can be placed on a set of motorized rollers (conveyor) and then pushed off by reversing them. AGVs are employed in nearly every industry, including, pulp, paper, metals, newspaper, and general manufacturing. Transporting materials such as food, linen or medicine in hospitals is also done.

An AGV can also be called a laser guided vehicle (LGV). In Germany the technology is also called Fahrerlose Transport system (FTS) and in Sweden forarlosa trucker.

AGVs are available in a variety of models and can be used to move products on an assembly line, transport goods throughout a plant or warehouse, and deliver loads.

Continued…..

History of AGV’S

The first AGV was brought to market in the 1950s, by Barrett Electronics of Northbrook, Illinois, and at the time it was simply a tow truck that followed a wire in the floor instead of a rail. Over the years the technology has become more sophisticated and today automated vehicles are mainly Laser navigated e.g. LGV (Laser Guided Vehicle).

In an automated process, LGVs are programmed to communicate with other robots to ensure product is moved smoothly through the warehouse, whether it is being stored for future use or sent directly to shipping areas. Today, the AGV plays an important role in the design of new factories and warehouses,

What is AGV ?AGV is a material handling system that used independently operated , self-propelled vehicles guided along defined pathways.

• Repetitive motion• Distances over 150 feet• Multi-shift operation• Desire to save costs and improve efficiency

What is a good use for AGVs ?

• Not a permanent obstacle• Paths can be changed easily• System can be expanded easily• Does not represent a single point of failure -system has built-in redundancy• Favourable cost/benefit compared to other automated material handling solutions

Why use Guided Vehicles?

System Features

High dynamic operationInnovative steering methodRobust designSpeed control separately for each wheelAngular position control separately for each axle

System Concepts

• 4 drive units – 4 steering axles• 2 motors for each unit • 1 controlled for each motor• Host computer gets speed-position

information and determine the drive path

Battery charging with generative braking

4-quardrant mode for motor-generator driving.Circuit integrated to obtain braking energy from

the drives.Special capacitor for storing voltage ang charging

the battery.Its optimised by “self charging programe” at

specific charging place after periodic time.Some manufacturers are providing “battery swap

options”.

Type of AGV’S

Driverless trainso It consists of a towing vehicle that pulls one or more trailers

to from a traino This type is applicable in moving heavy pay loads over large

distance in warehouse or factories with or without intermediate pickup and drop off point along the route

o It contains of 5-10 trailers and is an efficient transport system

o The towing capacity is up to 60,000 pounds (27,000 kilos)

AGVS Pallet Trucks

o Pallet trucks are used to move palletized load along predetermined routed

o The capacity of an AGV pallet truck ranges up to several thousand kilograms and some are capable of handling two pallets

o It is achieved for vertical movement to reach loads on racks and shelves

AGVS Unit load Carriers

o These are used to move unit load from one station to another

o It is also used for automatic loading and unloading of pallets by means of rollers

o Load capacity ranges up to 250 kg or lesso Especially these vehicles are designed to move

small loads

Why consider AGVs

• Reduces the labor cost• Flexible• Intelligent• Less time consuming• Can significantly reduce production & warehouse cost• Transforming the materials handling industry

Type of navigation in AGV’s

Wired navigation

- The wired sensor is placed on bottom of the AGVs and is placed facing the ground

- A slot is cut in the ground and a wire is placed approximately 1 inch below the ground.

- The sensor detects the radio frequency being transmitted from the wire and follow it.

Guide tape navigation- The AGVs (some known as automated guided carts or AGCs) use magnetic tape for the guide path- The AGCs is fitted with the appropriate guide sensor to follow the

path of the tape- It is considered a passive system since it does not require the guide

medium to be energized as wire does

Laser target navigation

-The AGVS carry a laser transmitter and received on a rotating turret-The laser is sent off then received again the angle and distances are automatically calculated and stored into AGVS memory

Application Pallet handling• Pallet handling is an extremely popular for

AGVs as repetitive movement ofpallets is very common in manufacturing and distribution facillities.

Finished goods handling • Moving finished goods from manufacturing

to storage or shipping is the final movement of materials before they are delivered to customers. These movement often require the gentlest material handling because the products are complete and subject to damage from rough handling.

Unobstructed movement FlexibilityI. Locations, path, P/D points can be reprogrammedII. Easy to change guide path systemIII. Number of vehicles can be altered depending on

requirement Greater reliabilityI. Less environmental problemsII. AGV can be replaced by another, in case of failure.Lower investmentHigher operating savings on long runI. Minimal labor costII. Easy maintenance Easy to interface with other systems

Advantages of AGV’s

ConclusionFrom this task I can now able to know about automated guided vehicle or automatic guided vehicle (AGV) is a mobile robot that follows markers or wires in the floor, or used vision, magnets, or lasers for navigation. They are most often used in industrial applications to move materials around a manufacturing facility or warehouse. Application of the automatic guided vehicle has broadened during the late 20th century.

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