automated guided vehicle system ppt
DESCRIPTION
An automated guided vehicle system is a material handling system that uses independently operated , self propelled vehicle that are guided along defined pathways on the floor. The vehicles are powered by means of on board batteries that allow operation for several hours (8-16 hrs.) between recharging. Guidance is achieved by using sensors on the vehicles that follow the guide wires. The vehicle is controlled by an off board controller or a micro- processor. This controller sends commands to the vehicle such as identification of load, its destination and other special instructions. An AGV system provides a material handling system i.e. both flexible and readily adaptable to either production or production changes. AGV systems are originally developed for the distribution of material in warehouse environments although this is an imp. use, two major growth areas have been evolved the movement of material to and from production areas in manufacturing facilities, reflecting manufacturing work lifts and use of carriers of work in progress in assembly plants, replacing serial type asynchronous or fixed index assembly conveyor system and small packages, in hospitals to deliver meals, and for material handling. Automated guided vehicles increase efficiency and reduce costs by helping to automate a manufacturing facility or warehouse. The AGV can tow objects behind them in trailers to which they can autonomously attach. The trailers can be used to move raw materials or finished product. The AGV can also store objects on a bed. The objects can be placed on a set of conveyor and then pushed off by reversing them. Some AGVs use fork lifts to lift objects for storage. AGVs are employed in nearly every industry, including, pulp, paper, metals, newspaper, and general manufacturing. Transporting materials such as food, linen or medicine in hospitals is also done..TRANSCRIPT
“Automated guided vehicle system”
presentationon
AGV? AGV is a material handling system that
uses independently operated, self-propelled vehicles guided along defined pathways
Driverless Vehicle Electric motors, battery powered Programming capabilities
DestinationPath selectionPositioningCollision avoidance
System Discipline
Types of AGVSAGVS towing vehicle
AGVS unit load carriersAGVS pallet trucksAGVS forklift trucksAGVS light-load transportersAGVS assembly-line vehicles
AGVS Towing Vehicles First type of AGV introduced.
Towing vehicle is called an automated guided tractorFlatbed trailers, pallet trucks, custom trailers can be used.Generally, used for large volumes (>1 tons) and long moving distances (>1000 feet).
Load Capacity:1tons Vehicle Type:Laser Guided Tugger AGV Products, Inc
AGVS Unit load Carriers
To transport individual unit load onboard the vehicle.
Equipped with powered or non-powered roller, chain or belt deck, or custom deck.
Loads can be moved by Pallet truck, forklift truck, automatic loading/unloading equipment, etc.
Load Capacity3,0 Vehicle Type: Unit Load with variable Height Conveyor
AGVS Pallet Trucks No special device is needed for
loading except the loads should be on pallet
Limited to floor level loading and unloading with palletized load
Widely used in distribution functions
Speed > 200ft/min Pallet truck can be loaded either
manually or automatically
AGVS Forklift Trucks Ability to pickup and drop
palletized load both at floor level and on stands.
Pickup and drop off heights can be different
Vehicle can position its fork according to load stands with different heights
Very expensive Selected where complete
automation is necessary/required.
Vehicle Type: Laser Guided Fork Lift AGV Products, Inc
Advantages of AGV’s
Unobstructed movementFlexibility
Locations, path, P/D points can be reprogrammed Easy to change guide path system Number of vehicles can be altered depending on
requirementGreater reliability
Less environmental problems AGV can be replaced by another, in case of failure.
Lower investmentHigher operating savings on long run
Minimal labor cost Easy maintenance
Modern AGVs computer-controlled
vehicles with onboard microprocessors
AGVS Control SystemsComputer controlled systemThe path controller controls the guidepath of AGVS. Sends information to AGVS process controller.Process controller directs movement of vehiclesInterchanges information with the host computerMost Expensive and complex type of control
Host computer
Display terminal
AGV
Display terminal
Guided path
Controller for guided path
AGVS process controller
AGVS Guidance system
The goal of an AGVS guidance system keep the AGV on track/predefined pathThe guidance systems can be selected based on the type of AGV selected, its application, requirement and environmental limitation
•Wire-guided •Optical•Inertial•Infrared•Laser•Tape guided
Wired navigationThe wired sensor is placed on bottom of the AGV’S and
is placed facing the ground.A slot is cut in the ground and a wire is placed approximately 1 inch below the ground.The sensors detects the radio frequency being transmitted from the wire and follows it.
Guide tape navigation
The AGV’S( some known as automated guided carts or AGC’S) use magnetic tape for the guide path.
The AGC’S is fitted with the appropriate guide sensors to follow the path of the tape.
It is considered a “passive” system since it does not require the guide medium to be energized as wire does.
Laser target navigation● The AGV’S carry’s a laser transmitter and receiver on a rotating turret.● The laser is sent off then received again the angle and distances are automatically calculated and stored into AGV’S memory.● The AGV’S has reflector map stored in memory and can correct its position based on errors between the expected and received measurements.
AGV task allocation
TAXI
'from' / 'to' orderVehicle knowsthe street network(layout)
Collection point(source)
Currentlocation
Destination
Crossingmanagement
Collision Avoidance
ROAD DETECTION
•Road detection based on laser scanner and vision sensor
•Classifies traversible segments and obstacles using laser scanner (area just in front of the robot = 2.5m)
•Front looking camera classifies the road from 2.5 and beyond to estimate the outline of the visible part of the road (seed area based from results of laser scan)
Traversability
Problems
Experts Savant Amerden HK FMC Technologies JBT Coorporation Jervis B. Webb Company Automation Production Group (APG) Corecon FMC Technologies Trilogiq Egemin Elettric80 Genesis Systems Group KMT Robotic Solutions Lantech Retrotech Mobile Robots, Inc. Westfalia
References http://www.agvsystems.com/faqs/q5.htm http://www.amerden.com/AmerdenWeb/agvinformation.html “A Guide to Robotic Logistics – LGVs (AGVs)”. Elettric 80 S.p.A. 26
April 2008 "The Appropriate Application of Automated Guided Vehicles ". HK
Systems, Inc. 01 October 2007 http://www.hksystems.com/agv/index.cfm Automation Ørsted•DTU, Technical University of Denmark, DTU-
build. 326, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.