automatic garage system using vhdl

Automatic Garage System (AGS)

Using VHDL Programming Language

Automatic Garage System (AGS)Using VHDL programming language

Suez Canal University

Faculty of Engineering

Electrical Engineering Department

Level 3

Submitted to: Dr/Mohamed Kkairy Shahin

Project TeamAmr Ashraf

Omar FouadSherif said

Mahmoud SalahAtef Nabil

Bassam AbdellahHassan MohamedAhmed Nabil Ali

CONTENTS

Introduction.............................................................................................................................4

Motivation...............................................................................................................................4

Project Components................................................................................................................5

DE0 Altera kit...........................................................................................................................5

DE0 Kit Components.............................................................................................................6

DTMF Circuit............................................................................................................................6

DTMF Decoder Circuit Diagram............................................................................................7

Working of DTMF decoder circuit.....................................................................................8

DTMF Output VHDL Code..................................................................................................9

Servo Motor...........................................................................................................................10

Servo Motor Control (VHDL Code)......................................................................................11

IR Sensor................................................................................................................................16

Principles of Operation.......................................................................................................16

IR Sensor as input in counter vhdl code:............................................................................17

Counter..................................................................................................................................18

Up counters........................................................................................................................18

Description.........................................................................................................................18

30 seconds counter Flow Chart..........................................................................................18

Counter vhdl code:-............................................................................................................19

References.............................................................................................................................21

INTRODUCTION

In this age of digital technology, every device and its operation has become digital based. Now with digital based door lock systems, it is easier to control the door movement of the garage. The new automated door lock system does not need a key to lock or unlock the door of the garage. This digital door entry system is in fact controlled by cell-phone which is actually performing the role of remote over here. The keyless door remote is an electronic circuit based device .This remote transmits DTMF s ignals v ia a i r to another device of the system installed in the garage.

The keyless car remote can be operated from any corner of the world. The working of this locking system is very simple .You just have to carry the cell phone with yourself and you can control the locks from anywhere without any problem. It works on the entry number. The owner has to press that entry number on the cell phone for controlling the locking system. The entry number and so is the remote device of an automatic keyless system.

MOTIVATION

The ce l l phone secur i ty system takes th i s idea of key less entry and transforms it into a convenient, versatile security system that utilizes cell phone technology and the landl ine te leph one network. By tak ing advantage of dual-tone multi-frequency signaling, the security system has the abi l i ty to introduce two- levels of secur i ty . The first level wi l l be decoding the calling party’s identification information while the second level would consist of the user attempting a password entry over the phone. The system achieves a secure, convenient, and automated form of security for a place of residence.

PROJECT COMPONENTS

DE0 Altera kit.

Garage Prototype.

Servo Motors.

DTMF System.

LEDs

Car Prototype.

IR Sensor.

DE0 ALTERA KIT

DE0 KIT COMPONENTS

Altera Cyclone® III 3C16 FPGA device Altera Serial Configuration device – EPCS4 USB Blaster (on board) for programming and user API control; both JTAG and Active Serial(AS) programming modes are supported 8-Mbyte SDRAM 4-Mbyte Flash memory SD Card socket 3 pushbutton switches 10 toggle switches 10 green user LEDs 50-MHz oscillator for clock sources VGA DAC (4-bit resistor network) with VGA-out connector RS-232 transceiver PS/2 mouse/keyboard connector Two 40-pin Expansion Headers

DTMF CIRCUIT

This DTMF (Dual Tone Multi Frequency) decoder circuit identifies the dial tone from the telephone line and decodes the key pressed on the remote telephone. Here for the detection of DTMF signaling, we are using the IC MT8870DE which is a touch tone decoder IC. It decodes the input DTMF to 5 digital outputs. The M-8870 DTMF decoder IC uses a digital counting technique to determine the frequencies of the limited tones and to verify that they correspond to standard DTMF frequencies. The DTMF tone is a form of one way communication between the dialer and the telephone exchange. The whole communication consists of the touch tone initiator and the tone decoder or detector. The decoded bits can be interfaced to a DE0 Altera kit for further application (For example, automatic garage system.

DTMF DECODER CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

DTMF circuit

Components required

1. DTMF decoder IC (M-8870) 2. Resistors (100kΩ; 70kΩ; 390kΩ)

3. Capacitors (0.1µFx 2) 4. Crystal oscillator (3.579545MHz)

Working of DTMF decoder circuit

DTMF keypads are employed in almost all landline and mobile phones.

Thus this technology is used in the telephone switching centers to

identify the number dialed by the caller.

The decoder distinguishes the DTMF tones and produces the binary

sequence equivalent to key pressed in a DTMF (Dual Tone Multi

Frequency) keypad.

The circuit uses M-8870 DTMF decoder IC which decodes tone

generated by the keypad of cell phone.

DTMF signals can be tapped directly from the microphone pin of cell

phone device. Cut the microphone wire and you will get two wires red

and green. The red wire is the DTMF input to the circuit.

The signals from the microphone wire are processed by the DTMF

decoder IC which generates an equivalent binary sequence as a parallel

output like Q1, Q2, Q3, and Q4.

Table showing DTMF low and high frequency tonesAnd decoded output

There is an inbuilt Op amp present inside the M-8870 decoder IC. The electrical signals from microphone pin are fed to inverting input of the Op Amp via a series of resistance (100kΩ) and capacitance (0.1 µF).

The non-inverting input of Op-amp is connected to a reference voltage (pin4 -VREF). The voltage at VREF pin is Vcc/2.

Pin 3 (GS) is the output of internal Op Amp, the feedback signal is given by connecting the output pin (pin3- GS) to inverting input pin (pin2- IN-) through a resistor (270kΩ).

The output of Op Amp is passed through a pre filter, low group and high group filters (filter networks). These filters contain switched capacitors to divide DTMF tones into low and high group signals (High group filters bypass the high frequencies whereas low group filter pass low frequencies).

Next processing sections inside the IC are frequency detector and code detector circuits. Filtered frequency passed through these detectors.

At last the four digit binary code is latched at the output of M-8870 DTMF decoder IC.

DTMF Output VHDL Codelibrary IEEE;

use IEEE.std_logic_1164.all;

ENTITY dtmf is

port

( x :IN std_logic_vector(3 downto 0);

ys :OUT std_logic;

clk :IN std_logic

);

END dtmf;

Architecture ckt of dtmf is

BEGIN

ys<= (NOT(x(3)))AND x(2)AND x(1)AND (NOT(x(0)));

END ckt;

SERVO MOTOR

A servomotor is a rotary actuator or linear actuator that allows for precise control of angular or linear position, velocity and acceleration. It consists of a suitable motor coupled to a sensor for position feedback. , often a dedicated module designed specifically for use with servomotors.

Servomotors are not a specific class of motor although the term servomotor is often used to refer to a motor suitable for use in a closed-loop control system.

Directions Servo Motor

Servos are controlled by sending an electrical pulse of variable width, or pulse width modulation (PWM), through the control wire. There is a minimum pulse, a maximum pulse, and a repetition rate. A servo motor can usually only turn 90 degrees in either direction for a total of 180 degree movement. The motor's neutral position is defined as the position where the servo has the same amount of potential rotation in the both the clockwise or counter-clockwise direction. The PWM sent to the motor determines position of the shaft, and based on the duration of the pulse sent via the control wire; the rotor will turn to the desired position. The servo motor expects to see a pulse every 20 milliseconds (ms) and the length of the pulse will determine how far the motor turns. For example, a 1.5ms pulse will make the motor turn to the 90-degree position. Shorter than 1.5ms moves it to 0 degrees, and any longer than 1.5ms will turn the servo to 180 degrees.

Positions of Rotation

When these servos are commanded to move, they will move to the position and hold that position. If an external force pushes against the servo while the servo is holding a position, the servo will resist from moving out of that position. The maximum amount of force the servo can exert is called the torque rating of the servo. Servos will not hold their position forever though; the position pulse must be repeated to instruct the servo to stay in position.

SERVO MOTOR CONTROL (VHDL CODE)Servo motor which is used to open or close the garage door, will rotate 180° clockwise. And when hit a bush button the motor will stop rotation and if IR sensor detect the car, a 30 seconds timer will start and after the 30 sec the motor will start rotating anti-clockwise to close the garage door .

VHDL Code:

FOR CLOCKWISE ROTATION:-PACKAGE const IS

CONSTANT number_of_bits :INTEGER:=25000000; --for clock

CONSTANT n : INTEGER :=number_of_bits -1 ;

END const;

LIBRARY IEEE;

USE IEEE.STD_LOGIC_1164.ALL;

USE IEEE.STD_LOGIC_ARITH.ALL;

USE IEEE.STD_LOGIC_UNSIGNED.ALL;

USE work.const.all;

ENTITY ClockWise IS

GENERIC(CONSTANT n_high: INTEGER := 50000; --for clockwise rotation

CONSTANT n_low : INTEGER := 950000 --for clockwise rotation

);

PORT (clk :IN std_logic; --50 MHZ frequency

lowspeedclock :OUT std_logic; --50 HZ for servo motor

y,push1 :IN std_logic --Y out of Machine

);

END ClockWise;

ARCHITECTURE ckt OF ClockWise Is

SIGNAL qstate : std_logic := '1';

SIGNAL Flag : std_logic := '1';

BEGIN

PROCESS (clk,y,push1)

VARIABLE count_high :INTEGER RANGE 0 TO n_high; --for servo high

VARIABLE count_low :INTEGER RANGE 0 TO n_low; --for servo low

VARIABLE count :INTEGER RANGE 0 TO n; --for counter

BEGIN

--High Time Code :-

IF y ='1' AND push1 ='0'

then

IF (clk'EVENT AND clk = '1' AND Flag = '1') THEN

IF count_high < (n_high) THEN

count_high := count_high + 1;

ELSE

count_high :=0;

qstate <= '0';

Flag <= '0';

END IF;

END IF;

--Low Time Code :-


IF count_low < (n_low) THEN

count_low := count_low + 1;

ELSE

count_low :=0;

qstate <= '1';

Flag <= '1';

END IF;

END IF;

END IF;

END PROCESS;

lowspeedclock <= qstate;

END ckt;

For anti-clockwise rotation:-LIBRARY IEEE;




ENTITY anti IS

GENERIC(CONSTANT n_high_anti: INTEGER := 100000;

CONSTANT n_low_anti : INTEGER := 900000);

PORT (clk :IN std_logic;

y :IN std_logic;

push2 :IN std_logic;

lowspeedclock :OUT std_logic);

END anti;

ARCHITECTURE ckt OF anti Is

SIGNAL qstate : std_logic := '1';

SIGNAL Flag : std_logic := '1';

BEGIN

PROCESS (clk)

VARIABLE count_high_anti :INTEGER RANGE 0 TO n_high_anti;

VARIABLE count_low_anti :INTEGER RANGE 0 TO n_low_anti;

BEGIN

--High Time Code anti clock:-

IF y = '0' AND push2 = '1' THEN


IF count_high_anti < (n_high_anti) THEN

count_high_anti := count_high_anti + 1;

ELSE

count_high_anti :=0;

qstate <= '0';

Flag <= '0';

END IF;

END IF;

--Low Time Code anti clock :-


IF count_low_anti < (n_low_anti) THEN

count_low_anti := count_low_anti+ 1;

ELSE

count_low_anti :=0;

qstate <= '1';

Flag <= '1';

END IF;

END IF;

END IF;

END PROCESS;

lowspeedclock <= qstate;

END ckt;

Servo motor code for opening and closing the garage door (clockwise and anti-clockwise) :-

Push buttons: - We will use 2 push buttons to stop motor rotation; one on the garage surface and the second on the bottom of the garage.

Y input: - is the output of DTMF circuit.

library IEEE;

use IEEE.std_logic_1164.all;

ENTITY ServoFi is

port

(

clkin :IN std_logic;

pushs1,pushs2 :IN std_logic;

ys :IN std_logic;

QOUTS :OUT std_logic_vector(4 downto 0);

CLEAR :IN std_logic;

lowspeedclks :buffer std_logic;

lowspeedclks1 :OUT std_logic ; --for counter

lowspeed :OUT std_logic

);

END ServoFi;

Architecture ckt of ServoFi is

signal clk_out : STD_LOGIC ;

component Servo is


lowspeedclock :OUT std_logic; --50 HZ for servo motor

y,push1 :IN std_logic; --Y out of Machine

lowspeedclock1 :OUT std_logic; --1 HZ for counter

CLR :IN std_logic;

QOUT :OUT std_logic_vector(4 downto 0)

);

END component;

component anticlk is

PORT (clk :IN std_logic;

push2,y :IN std_logic;

lowspeedclock :OUT std_logic);

END Component;

Begin

CLKWISE : Servo port map (clkin,lowspeedclks,ys,pushs1,lowspeedclks1,clear,QOUTS) ;

ANTI : anticlk port map (clkin , pushs2,ys,lowspeed);

END ckt;

IR SENSOR

PRINCIPLES OF OPERATIONIR Sensors work by using a specific light sensor to detect a select light wavelength in the Infra-Red (IR) spectrum. By using an LED which produces light at the same wavelength as what the sensor is looking for, you can look at the intensity of the received light. When an object (User’s car) tis close to the sensor, the light from the LED bounces off the object and into the light sensor. This results in a large jump in the intensity, which we already know can be detected using a threshold.

Operation Of an IR Sensor

http://education.rec.ri.cmu.edu/content/electronics/boe/ir_sensor/images/409px-IR_Sensor_Principles.png

After the IR sensor detect the car, timer of 30 seconds will start before the motor start the anti-clockwise rotation to close the garage door.

IR sensor circuit installed in the garage

IR SENSOR AS INPUT IN COUNTER VHDL CODE:

IF push1 = '0' THEN IF IR = '0' THEN

MOD30 <= "00001";ELSIF (qstate1'event and qstate1 = '1')then

IF MOD30 = "11110" THEN ELSE

MOD30 <= MOD30 + 1;END IF ;

END IF ; END IF;

When IR sensor detect the car entering or leaving the garage a 30 seconds timer will start to count up and the servo will start rotation and garage door will close automatically after timer end.

COUNTER

A counter is a device which stores the number of times a particular event or process has occurred, often in relationship to a clock signal. There are two types of counters:

up counters down counters

UP COUNTERS

Each of the higher-order flip-flops are made ready to toggle (both J and K inputs "high") if the Q outputs of all previous flip-flops are "high." Otherwise, the J and K inputs for that flip-flop will both be "low," placing it into the "latch" mode where it will maintain its present output state at the next clock pulse. Since the first (LSB) flip-flop needs to toggle at every clock pulse, its J and K inputs are connected to Vcc or Vdd, where they will be "high" all the time.

DESCRIPTION

In this program an up counter has a 1- bit input and a 4- bit output. Additional control signals may be added such as enable. The output of the multiplexers depends on the level of the select line.

30 SECONDS COUNTER FLOW CHART

COUNTER VHDL CODE:-

PACKAGE constClk IS

CONSTANT number_of_bits :INTEGER:=25000000; --for clock

CONSTANT n : INTEGER :=number_of_bits -1 ;

END constClk;

LIBRARY IEEE;




USE work.constClk.all;

ENTITY Counter IS

GENERIC(CONSTANT n_high: INTEGER := 50000; --for clockwise rotation

CONSTANT n_low : INTEGER := 950000 --for clockwise rotation

);


push1 :IN std_logic;--Y out of Machine

push2 :IN std_logic;

lowspeedclock1 :OUT std_logic;--1 HZ for counter

QOUT :OUT std_logic_vector(4 downto 0);

clr :IN std_logic;

IR :IN std_logic;

Over30 :BUFFER std_logic

);

END Counter;

ARCHITECTURE ckt OF Counter Is

SIGNAL qstate1 : std_logic;

SIGNAL MOD30 : std_logic_vector(4 downto 0);

BEGIN

PROCESS (clk,push1,qstate1)

VARIABLE count :INTEGER RANGE 0 TO n; --for counter

BEGIN

IF (clk'EVENT AND clk = '1') THEN

IF count < (n+1) THEN

count := count + 1;

ELSE

count :=0;

qstate1 <= NOT qstate1;

END IF;

END IF;

IF push1 = '1' THEN

IF ir = '0' THEN

MOD30 <= "00001";

ELSIF (qstate1'event and qstate1 = '1')then

IF MOD30 = "11110" THEN

OVER30 <='1';

ELSE

MOD30 <= MOD30 + 1;

END IF ;

END IF ;

END IF;

IF MOD30 = "11110" AND push2 = '1' THEN

OVER30 <='0';

MOD30 <= "00001";

END IF;

END PROCESS;

QOUT <= MOD30;

lowspeedclock1 <= qstate1;

END ckt;

REFERENCES

1) DE0 User manual (pdf).

2) Scripd.com (Website).

3) IR Sensor Wikipedia (Website).

4) Report about DTMF (Article).

5) DTMF Wikipedia (Website).

6) Counters Wikipedia (Website).

7) Altera.com (Website)