TSDSI-M2M-TR-UCD_Automobile, Transportation & Logistics-V0.1.0-20150322

Technical Report

Machine-to-Machine Communication (M2M)

Study on Indian Use Cases

Automobile, Transportation & Logistics Vertical

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Intelligent transport system - India

1.1 Introduction Indian transport industry has seen an exponential growth in last decade, currently, it is estimated that India is home to more than 100 million vehicles, which is also a cause of some major challenges which India is facing,

According to a recent studies India faces a loss of 600bn ($10.8bn) a year due to congestion,₹ slow speed of freight and waiting time at toll plazas, an Average Indian spends about 90 mins a day traveling in major cities, with an average speed of 5km/hr on some major roads. In India around 5 lacks road accidents happen, causing a loss of around $20 billion, getting 6 lacks people injured and 1.5 lacks getting killed. Every year, nearly 36,000 vehicles are stolen, which amount to ₹ 115 crore with only about 14,500 getting traced, often in un-roadworthy conditions, with many components missing.

With limitation of growing infrastructure there is a strong need to depend on technology (IoT/M2M) to address these challenges by enhancing road Safety to commuters and driver, provide convenience and safety to use public transport, integrating Para transit and mass transit modes, Optimizing emergency Services reducing time to respond, regulate driving behavior reducing accidents. Manage city traffic optimize route reducing commutation time. Monitor and reduce in traffic violation by including online challans, enhance productivity and operations, provide in vehicle entertainment, Automate Toll collection reduce waiting time, control pollution caused by vehicles.

M2M enabled transportation system include telematics and all types of communications in vehicles, between vehicle and citizens/Authorities (car to application), between vehicles (e.g. car-to-car), and between vehicles and fixed locations (e.g. car-to-infrastructure).

Major benefits Below are benefits which can be realized by using M2M/IoT technologies in transportation system.

1. Make earth a better place to live.2. Increase national GDP. 3. Reduce delay caused by traffic and toll collection, 4. Reduce road accidents and save lives.5. Control pollution. 6. Reduce crime; make travel safe, secure and convenient.7. Improve efficiency.8. And create jobs.

Ecosystem: Environmental factors The ecological dissimilarity of India makes the challenges and requirements unique, and interesting to resolve.

1.1.1 Objective The objective of the Study would be to leverage sensor ecosystem, communication modules, network channel, real-time processing, Big data, cloud computing and

Optimize emergency Services and save lives Reduce congestion roads and generate revenue. Provide Road Safety to commuters and driver. Monitor and regulate driving behavior. Manage traffic optimize route. Enhancing convenience to use public transport, connecting para and mass transit modes.

Environmental Factors

Influencing

Vehicle market in India is

dominated by entry level cars

with basic

Government & Regulatory bodies

exploring possibilities for

enhancing Public security and

Severe traffic congestion and

poor quality roads of India

Logistics and fleet

management companies looking for

Increasing complexities of

Driving : Performance

maintenance, theft, Navigation,

Companies getting active for employee

safety and managing their

Wide spread coverage of

telecom service

providers.

Growing use of software in vehicles to

control complex

Exponential increase in private cars

and first time drivers.

Fast adoption of technology, gadgets and increasing disposable

Personal Car Monitoring and management. Leverage Smart Phone ecosystem. Enable vehicle manufactures to provide VAS to consumers Create Vehicle to Vehicle, vehicle to Infrastructure communications system Monitor and reduce traffic violation. Enable parking assistance and road tolling. Managing fleet operations

The purpose of the study would be to understand technical requirements of various use cases appropriate for Indian geography

Identify commonalities among use cases. Derive generic architecture, considering requirements of all use cases. Create economies of scale. Ensure sustainability, scalability and interoperability.

1.1.2 Broad Overview of Intelligent Transport System (IS)ITS enables elements within the transport system such as commuters, vehicles, roads, traffic lights, message signs to become intelligent by embedding them with microchips and sensors and empowering them to communicate with each other through wireless technologies

People: Commuters + Planners (Through “Smart Phone or computers”) Vehicle: Personal + Public vehicles (through after market or embedded device) Transport Infrastructure: Petrol Pumps + Bus stands + Traffic signals + Digital Signage’s

+ Cameras + and even Street lights.

ITS

People

InfrastructureVehicle

Broad Overview of ITS

Layers of Intelligent transport system

ITS Infrastructure

L A Y E R SM2M Service Capabilities

Users

Vehicles, with communication module

GSM CDMA 3G Wifi , DSRC

• Public Security

• Fleet management

• Personal Car tracking

• CAB management

Application/ presentation layer

M2M Core layer

Communication layer

M2M Instrumentation layer

Application Cloud : Is the location based Application Cloud, responsible for processing the information collected by devices, and presenting it to user as Web interface & Device Portal. The automotive applications will be owned and managed by ISVs or Telcos.

Communication network: M2M module leverage the existing widespread telecom network as bearer channel to exchange the information with M2M Core platform. The bearer channel is owned and operated by telecommunication service provider. And can use communication technologies, like GSM, CDMA, WIFI DSRC etc.

M2M Platform/ Integration : M2M Core Platform is part of telecommunication service providers network, responsible for interfacing with edge module, application Cloud and other telecom network and IT (OSS/BSS/CRM) modules, for aggregating data and manage M2M services capabilities.

Device Domain: Is the client end module/device usually embedded or installed in vehicle and transport infrastructure (Traffic Signals, Pump, Stand etc) responsible for collecting and transmitting, required information and receiving actuating commands. Owned by Device, Module and Vehicle manufactures.

User : Is the legal entity who is in contract with Telecom Operator for M2M Automotive services, the user is the end beneficiary of the technology, usually Private Vehicle Owner, Enterprise and Governments departments.

1.1.3 Verticals of connected Cars 1. After market Device :

a. Non OBD : Comprises of a Non OBD M2M module with GPS sensor, RFID reader and Surveillance camera externally fitted into the vehicle. The device will have both Short and long range wireless connectivity. As Indian market is dominated by entry level vehicles, this solution will cater to the immediate demand of track and trace requirement in Indian market. Vehicles should have STD way to connect the device without warranty getting void

b. OBD-II:This vertical will cater to the premium vehicles segment complaint to OBDII Standards. The solution will provide remote diagnostic and performance features over and above the basic Track and Trace Solution.

2. EmbeddedThe solution is for new Vehicles embedded with factory fitted M2M module. Driven by vehicle manufactures a robust solution which will cater to all connected vehicles use cases.

1.1.3.1 Basic components of connected car

Sensors & accessories: GPS module fuel sensors, temperature sensors, door sensors, IP cameras, RFID/Smart card reader, accelerometer, display, speakers, panic button and relay to control the ignition.

Wireless Communication module : Short range : vehicle to vehicle and vehicle to infrastructure (DSRC, Blue tooth, Wifi, vehicular radar)

Long range : GSM/CDMA/3G/Satellite SIM: The normal SIM card is not designed for harsh conditions (Vibrations, temperature,

humidity etc.) of the vehicles. GSMA has already created specifications for embedded M2M SIM which can be remotely provisioned over the air (OTA) that are hermetically sealed or installed in hazardous or remote locations. It can withstand temperature variation from -40 degree to +105 degree Celsius (preferably automotive grade temperature range (-40 degree to +125 degree)). Embedded SIM technology offers big opportunities for auto manufacturers as the lifecycle of eSIM is 10-15 years. The SIM should comply with the standards AEC-Q100 automotive standards, eUICC GSMA specification v2.0 and ETSI 102671 standards to match with the world wide standards. The eSIM should allow to have the possibility of Roaming services. Therefore the SIM should provide sufficient memory space to provision the initial MNO profiles and receive Over The Air additional profiles during the entire product life cycle. SIM should provide Hardware Cryptography like EDES+, AES, RSA and ECC to ensure secure communication. Sensitive information such as keys and other private information are stored in the SIM to ensure data integrity and encryption. The SIM should be based on a secure chip certified EAL5+ according to Common Criteria Security Evaluation. The package of the SIM should be such that it can be soldered on the PCB to avoid loose connection

Micro controller, other computing/data storage hardware components and power management components.

1.1.4 Public/Mass Transport System in India

1.1.4.1 Trains/Railways Transport SystemJust the way, road infrastructure and road transport has grown heavily in past 1-2 decades, Railways, both in commercial transport or public transport segment have grown tremendously, within cities as monorails, or metro railways or long distance railways. With increasing speed of trains, risk of traveling has also gone higher and therefore, monitoring of railway infrastructure, proactive maintenance are lot more relevant today than they were a decade before.

In addition to this, a more comprehensive passenger information system has evolved in past one decade. CRIS has developed the online ticketing system for IRCTC and we have noticed a remarkable shift in booking tickets from windows to internet and paperless travel in last one decade. Today predictive waiting list, premium trains, premium tatkal in regular train, SMS confirmation, reporting of issues through SMS or a direct call etc as the evolution and internet has played a major role in this evolution.

Proactive maintenance of engines, through remote data collection about the health of an engine using data-loggers, unmanned railway level crossings, railway bridge maintenance, measurements of wheel load impact, vibrations and cracks monitoring, passenger information system (especially in case of emergency), surveillance through CCTV cameras, railyard management network (wifi) access in trains, Train identification systems, emergency response system and many more such M2M/IoT systems are already in place and working in various parts of the world.

Adopting an M2M solution over 3G offers a fast, economic alternative to cabled systems. Bridging lines wirelessly can cost as little as 25% of a cabled approach, with minimal interruption to services or passengers during the installation process. In addition, a wireless link over 3G, unlike cable, is less vulnerable to tampering, damage, or theft, and can be easily moved or repositioned if an installation is required temporarily. [3]

Swiss Federal Railways (SBB) is using M2M innovations on 3,039 km of lines across its network and is expected to make cost savings of up to 15% from more efficient technologies by 2017-2018. [2]

1.1.4.2 City Transport System Bus Rapid Transit (BRT), metro rails and mono rails are being built in different cities to encourage the use of public transport.

Major reason for non-adoption of Mass Transit System over private transport, remains the unorganized Last mile transport or Intermediate Public Transport.

1.1.4.3 Intermediate Public Transport In Indian Public transport Scenario the last mile remains a challenge to the commuters due to below major reasons

Accessibility at last mile Security Convenience and comfort High Journey time Not integrated with Mass transit system Deregulated expense (Approx 40% of total travel cost)

Fig. Types of Vehicle on Indian Roads.

Municipality /Utility Vehicles

Commercial Logistics vehiclesEmergency Service

Ambulances, Fire brigades and PCR VANs.

Company Owned BPO Taxis/Buses

School Buses

Radio Taxis

Private Vehicles

7

Fig. A Typical Indian Road Scenario

other 4% Bus

8%

trucks13%

Car, Taxis, Vans and Other Light and Medium

Motor Vehicles17%

Auto-Rickshaws-5%

Two-Wheelers26%

Bicycles5%

Pedestrians-9%

Other Motor Vehicles12%

Fig. Types of vehicles on a busy day of an Indian City (Source: https://data.gov.in/catalog/stateut-wise-number-persons-killed-road-accidents-terms-road-user-categories#web_catalog_tabs_block_10)

Fig. Road Fatalities in terms of Road User Categories (Source: http://www.rtirn.net/docs/Risk%20Factors%20for%20Pedestrian%20Injuries%20in%20India%20and%20South%20East

%20Asian%20Countries-%20Dr.%20Gururaj.pdf)

1.1.5 ITS Taxonomy The most commonly used classification of ITS is based on the positioning of the system as given below.

Vehicle levelTechnologies deployed with in vehicle, including sensors, information processor, display to provide information to driver and commuters.

Infrastructure levelSensors on and by side of roads collect important traffic related data and

communicates with vehicles. o Road side beaconso Traffic signals o Toll collections centres o Petrol pumps and charging centres (for electric vehicles)o Digital signages

Corporative levelCommunication between vehicles and between infrastructure and vehicle.

1.2 Intelligent Transport System - Use cases

1.2.1 Municipality

1.2.1.1 Public safety This is a very important use case category which will enhance the public security and emergency management system in India. M2M technology will enable police emergency VAN to respond to Citizens panic calls efficiently and will reduce the time to react. The framework can enable officials to manage and monitor the incident remotely.

Typical Call Flow

1. Citizen calls emergency 101 (Emergency Control Room) from incident location. 2. Control room Application interacts with ITS platform to report the incident with Mobile

number of the caller. 3. ITS platform sends the location query request to operators GMLC. 4. GMLC uses network based ECID technology to locate the callers Location. 5. Identify the closest Fire Brigade and Ambulance to the Incident Location. 6. Send to the incident location

ITS Use cases

Municipality

Traffic Planners

Commuter

Logictics & Fleet

Managers

Vehicle OEMs

Car Dealer and Service

Transport Infrastructure

1.2.1.2 Utilities vehicle management This is related to monitoring and managing the utility vehicles of municipalities like, garbage Trucks, Motor Sweepers, Compactors, Tippers, Dumper Placers, water tankers etc. he system can help us to track movement, create schedules, plan daily route, receive alerts. This system will have all basic features of VTS for fleet management. Additional RFID Reader will be used to identify the Waste Collection Bins / Area Water Tanks or water facility etc.

1.2.1.3 Emergency Response SystemIn cases of emergency situations Police or Para Military forces or even in worst situation Armed Forces need to take charge. Fire Brigade and lifeguards also take charge in certain conditions. Coordination of the Teams and Fleet management is very vital to handle such situations. Such a system has to be trustworthy, and should not dependent on Public communication channels alone. Moreover, it should be able to use GSM, CDMA, Satellite, or any other dedicated channel for critical communications.

1.2.1.4 Waste collection managementThis deals with optimizing the waste collection management by connecting utilities vehicles with VTS device, by geo tagging the waste bins and by using RFIDs and other sensors. The overall waste collection system components will include.[5]

Garbage truck tracking Time prediction and route designing

Nearest patrolling and Ambulance

Emergency Control Room

Citizen

54

3

2

1

Operator Core network

Incident Location

Communication with vehicle Worker tracking Bin tracking and weighing Real time data transmission Control center requirements.

1.2.1.5 Ambulance

There are three aspects of Ambulance Fleet Management, a) To locate the nearest ambulance when any patient requisitions for it. For this purpose basic fleet management features of VTS may be sufficient.

b) Secondly, the hospital gets an alert when the Ambulance reaches certain distance from the respective Hospital. This time can be utilized by the hospital to get ready to receive the patient. This will include the arrangements for stretcher, wheel chair and/or the para- medical staff at the hospital. . This can be done by utilizing Geo Fencing feature which is part of the basic feature of VTS.

c) Third and the most vital requirement is that the treatment of the patient should start immediately on his arrival at the hospital.If possible treatment or possible preventive measures can be started in the ambulance itself.

Normally, when patient reaches hospital some time is sonsumed in registration process, getting personal details and details of the problem, allergies, medical history of the patient and in some case of his family also. Patient’s vital data covering Blood Pressure, pulse rate, glucose level etc. depending on the medical problem is also required to be observed and noted. All these activities if completed in the ambulance itself, while the patient is being moved to the hospital, can save the precious initial time. This can be achieved by making the ambulance equipped with the tele-treatment facilities, Equipping the ambulance with the lap top, camera, video / communication means (3G/LTE etc), making available medical instruments for Blood Pressure measurement, pulse rate measurement, ecg machine etc. and trained para medical staff to use these equipment and for completing the registration process and initial information recording. The telemedicine set up will get this information simultaneously conveyed to the hospital system and getting the expert advice for giving any required first aid.

1.2.1.6 Pollution under Control check AutomationGovernment wants to enforce control on vehicle emission levels by the owners by mandating that fuel dispensing stations will not be allowed to supply fuel to vehicles not carrying valid PUC certificates.

This use case describes an automated process for PUC testing completely eliminating human element (to prevent fraud certificates). PUC Certificate will be electronically readable (example QR code of vehicle registration no. + PUC certificate validity date).

Fuel stations should "validate" the electronic PUC certificate through a machine (RFID reader or QR code reader) before dispensing fuel. The validation result should be printed on the fuel bill and also in the fuel station records (as evidence of PUC validation).

1.2.1.7 Railway Track Maintenance The M2M module is integrated with rugged sensors embedded in and around train tracks to collect a variety of critical events and measurements such as heat, warpage, vibration, cracks and other hazards. The modules send data from sensors back to the railway operators’ back-end system where approved technicians and engineers can respond in real time when critical thresholds are met. Trains are rerouted to avoid derailments and response teams are sent out to the field to take preventive actions to avoid damage to the rails. [1]

Union Pacific Railroad in US has set up a perfect example of using M2M/IoT through installations of sensors in wheels, rails, switches, bearings, and other equipments, via one of the available communication system. These devices connect to a local mother device and from there onwards they are connected to the cloud/server through a gateway device [6].

The history records are maintained and compared for vibrations, heating and other parameters with respect to the permissible limits. In case if the yellow threshold is crossed, an automated alarm can be generated for the concerned authority/person. In case of Red Alarm or highest priority interrupts, corresponding alarms are sent and local/control center’s based actions can be taken.

1.2.1.8 Unmanned railway crossingThere has been an increase in the road traffic as well as the rail traffic, accidents at level crossing has increased and this has caused the concern for the Indian Railways. Number of accidents in the unmanned railway level crossing is much higher than the manned level crossing as some there is no supervision of crossing is available[4][5]. A simple zigbee/6lowpan based solution may trigger the gate at the crossing or the site can be remotely connected through cellular modem and can be controlled via monitoring center. There are different types of versions available for this.

1.2.1.9 Diesel Engine remote monitoring and preventive maintenanceDiesel engines are still used in India in non-electrified corridors. Some of the parameters that need to be logged and monitored are, exhaust back pressure, exhaust gas temperature, engine RPM, engine load, throttle position, fuel consumption and other operating data. Regular monitoring of these parameters is important for driver as well as for maintenance department to provide proactive maintenance before the engine may breakdown. It may provide a significant cost savings in the maintenance and repair of Diesel engines as only the engines which are likely to have an issue, may be called for maintenance instead of regular scheduled maintenance. Proactive maintenance may reduce the cost as well as lives of passenger, if the maintenance is provided before any breakdown on track.

1.2.2 Traffic Planners

1.2.2.1 Advanced traffic management system(ATMS). ATMS integrates various subsystem (CCTV, GPS data, vehicle detection, messaging, digital signage etc) into a coherent single interface that provides real time data on traffic status and predicts traffic congestions for more efficient planning and operations. Dynamic traffic control systems, freeway operations management system, incident response systems, etc. respond in real time to changing conditions.

1.2.2.2 Over Speed MonitoringThis use case is about using Electronic Vehicle Speed Display Units as Vehicle infrastructure units. These units have to be programmed with speed limits by Central Traffic management system based on the type of road, location of Road and traffic condition.Infrastructure unit to determine traffic condition based on density of vehicles on road and pass on the density information to Central Traffic management system to determine the speed limit to be configured for that display board. Vehicle to read the speed information from such Display Boards using V2I communication and Alert the driver when he/she is over speeding. And hence the driver is cautious about his behavior, resulting in less traffic violations.

1.2.2.3 Real-time Passenger Information Systems (RTPIS)Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) are gaining recognition in developing countries like India. The automatic real-time passenger information system has the potential of making the public transport system an attractive alternative for city-dwellers, thereby contributing to fewer private vehicles on the road, leading to lower congestion levels and less pollution. [1] presents a possible implementation of RTPIS.

Novel features may include

a route creator utility which automatically creates new routes from scratch when a bus is driven along the new route.

voice tagging of stops and points of interest along any route. web-based applications for passengers, providing useful information like a

snapshot of present bus locations on the streets. web-based analysis tools for the transport authority, providing information useful

for fleet management, like number of trips undertaken by a specific bus.

1.2.2.4 Automatic Passenger CountingFor dynamic traffic management, it is important to get rapid feedback from the network and to understand the entire transit system. Increasing demands on public transport put pressure on transit agencies to improve their operations and services. New information technology such as Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) can be used to meet higher demands on public transport. One ITS technology with the potential to improve operations and services within public transport is the Automatic Passenger Counting (APC) system. The APC system counts passengers alighting and boarding a vehicle, and

can be used to get knowledge about the passengers’ journey [2]. With this knowledge it may be possible to understand the demands and make adjustments for the future.

1.2.2.5 CCTV Junction Surveillance[3]

End-to-end solution for CCTV Junction Surveillance within the same Traffic Command Control Centre

Real time streaming video from junctions and strategic locations enables effective traffic & incident management from remote Traffic Command Control Centre

Allows operators to directly observe the traffic conditions at all junctions, verify incidents and congestion conditions

Multiple choices for IP based PTZ/Fixed Cameras with 36X zoom facility that enable capture of minute details from junction

Crime prevention and deterrence

1.2.2.6 Fare Metering for Auto / Taxis / Public ServiceStandard off the shelf GPS / AGPS android devices can be utilized to measure geographic distances, track & trace the vehicles and drivers using registered applications, tested and hosted by GOI agencies using established secure processes on secure third party servers to establish a GPS based Fare Meter regime with automatically updatable fare calculation parameters and driver instant ID Proof including his photograph. The same screen can be used to publish bids for acceptance by the public service vehicle driver. A registered commuter accessing his trip through this system need not depend on an external ‘panic’ button but alert the backend discretely at first inkling of danger from his / her own mobile. The system potentially opens up a huge commuter segment of ladies, old persons, children for secure and accountable on demand door step services.

This ITS user service is currently under review at the BIS TED28.

1.2.3 Commuter – End User

1.2.3.1 E-Calling This is a framework to provide faster security and emergency services in case of any untoward scenario. This is a very important use case which will enhance the public security and emergency management system in India. M2M technology will enable police emergency VAN to respond to Citizens panic calls efficiently and will reduce the time to react. The framework can enable officials to manage and monitor the incident remotely.

To Provide Auto Emergency calling in vehicle in case of road accident or any panic circumstances.

1.2.3.2 Intelligent Transit Trip Planner and Real time Route InformationThe Personal car user will receive travel related information to assist decision making on route, estimated travel time, and avoid congestion. This can be enabled by providing different information using various technologies such as

GPS enabled in vehicle navigation system.

Dynamic digital signage for real time communication of information on traffic congestions, bottle necks, accidents and alternate route information during road closure and maintenance.

Digital heat Map with traffic congestion related info in color coding

The Public transport user will be able to use his smart phone to check availability, plan their transit, make booking and pay using electronic mode.

1.2.4 Fleet Managers

1.2.4.1 Fleet Tracking, Start / Stop managementThis use case will enable radio taxi operators to automate their operational process. All the CABs operating in the field will be embedded or fitted with a M2M gateway device, which would continuously transmitting the location, status, alerts, driver behavior. Call Center Agent can track any CAB through the GUI and allocate the CAB to the nearest customer. Value Added Services like maintenance management, Driver behavior, Security feature for passengers (Panic Button), In vehicle surveillance etc.

This use case will enable transportation fleet enterprises to manage their operations more efficiently. The High Value Asset (fleet) will be connected with a GPS + GSM/CDMA module, and will transmit location information on a predefined time or on request. The Application will utilize the data transmitted by the device to derive maintenance schedule, route optimization, distance travelled, speed, driving behavior, fleet efficiency.

1.2.4.2 Fleet management by Logistics CompanyBesides all the Basic functionalities of VTS Stated above which are used by the Logistics companies, fuel is important cost component which needs monitoring. This is achieved by using Fuel sensor or the by tapping data going to the fuel gauge of the vehicle.

1.2.4.3 Captive Railway wagons Many organizations own Railway wagons and use it for transporting their products. Tracking of such wagons is very important however as there is no electricity, the battery backup becomes most Imp and should last throughout the journey which could be more than 15 days.

1.2.4.4 Fleet management of vehicles carrying perishable products Companies using such vehicles use all basic functionalities of VTS being used by logistics Companies. In addition, they require Temperature Sensors to monitor the temperature to be maintained. Door Sensors can be used to monitor and control that the door is opened only when essential to prevent energy loss.

1.2.4.5 Heavy machinery fleet managementBasic features of the VTS for Fleet Management are generally sufficient for such fleet (Cranes, dozers etc.). Camera can provide better appreciation of the surroundings. These equipments in case if are OBD-II compliant, can provide vital information related to performance and maintenance of the equipment. This is very imp for the finance companies to keep track of the location and health of the vehicle

1.2.4.6 Radio Taxi Management This use case will enable radio taxi operators to automate their operational process. All the CABs operating in the field will be embedded or fitted with a M2M gateway device, which would continuously transmitting the location, status, alerts, driver behavior. Call Center Agent can track any CAB through the GUI and allocate the CAB to the nearest customer. Value Added Services like maintenance management, Driver behavior, Security feature for passengers (Panic Button), In vehicle surveillance etc.

1.2.4.7 Employee Commutation Safety This service will enable companies operating in BPO/ITES/IT sector to automate their CAB Management service for employees and ensure their safety. All the CAB operating for a specific company will be tracked along with the employees on board. Companies will be able to manage and monitor their employee commutation policies.

1.2.4.8 School Bus management system.This use case will ensure safety of children traveling by school’s owned transport services. The users of this solution would be school administrators, parents of the students who would track and trace the school bus on real time, receive alerts and notifications. The device installed in the vehicle should be equipped with GPS for Locations tacking, RFID for identifying the students and staff on boarded.

1.2.5 OEMThe technology can enable the vehicle manufactures to provide VAS services and create new stream of revenue. OEM can provide services like such as stolen vehicle tracking and location based anti-theft applications. The OEMs can even monitor on field performance of the product after launch.

Car Dealer and Service

1.2.5.1 Vehicle Diagnostic & Maintenance ReportFor all OBD II complaint vehicles the service centers can provide maintenance report to the consumer and check the health of the vehicle to take preventive actions. The device will be able to send data related to health of the vehicle, like oil temperature, coolant temperature, oil level etc.

1.2.5.2 Road side Breakdown AssistanceThe system monitors the critical parameters of the vehicle and in case of any fault; it can locate the nearest road side assistance center. Send an alert to the center with vehicles issue report along with location, this will help the service center to respond effectively and immediately.

1.2.5.3 Eco DrivingOBD enabled M2M device mounted on the automobiles check the fuel emission (SO2, NO2, etc) while on drive and can send an alert to the service station in case if the emissions are alarming. Also this information would be stored on cloud to give a consolidated automobile-health view to the service center once the automobile goes for servicing

1.2.6 Infrastructure / Safety

1.2.6.1 Smart ParkingSmart parking helps one of the biggest problems on driving in urban areas; finding empty parking spaces and controlling illegal parking. This implies M2M technologies aims rightness/safety as well as convenience.

It involves using low-cost sensors, real-time data collection, and mobile-phone-enabled automated payment systems that allow people to reserve parking in advance or very accurately predict where they will likely find a spot. When deployed as a system, smart parking thus reduces car emissions in urban centers by reducing the need for people to needlessly circle city blocks searching for parking. It also permits cities to carefully manage their parking supply.

1.2.6.2 Road Toll CollectionThis use case will enable private car/fleet owners to decide the most economical toll route and pay the charges automatically through online payment gateway. Using RFID tags telematics box on vehicles, automated road toll collection can be computed.Congestion charging Very effective in high density geography, this will help optimizing the scarce infrastructure and earn additional revenue. Based on real-time traffic congestion have differential charging at different time frames.

1.2.6.3 Smart SignalsThis use case is about adjusting the signal timing and priority based upon the priority of the vehicle like ambulances etc. and provides Framework to monitor and control over speeding and traffic violation centrally.

TSP is a special operational strategy that allows transit vehicles to adjust signal timing plans on their respective routes when traveling on signalized roadways. Ultimately, employment of this technology is directed toward the reduction of delay on these routes and the improvement of schedule reliability.

Smart signals also include Congestion signaling on the driver dashboard. This can be useful for congestion control at any place dynamically as well as regulate traffic flow during any contingency.

1.2.6.4 Smart RoadsMunicipalities around the world spend millions of dollars to maintain and repair their roadways. Despite this investment, very few people are happy with the quality of the roads where they live or work. The reason is that bad roads damage vehicles, are sometimes hazardous to drivers and pedestrians, and, at the very least, are annoying to drive or bike on. In India bad roads is a severe problem and considering that goods roads are essential for fast development of India’s economy road condition monitoring becomes an important use case.

In India municipal budgets are generally constrained, determining which roads need fixing becomes even more challenging. In addition, informing drivers of hazardous road conditions especially at night or when lighting is poor would be a useful feature for navigation systems. Wireless Sensor Network is a cost-effective and scalable option for reducing infrastructure maintenance costs and increasing safety on the road. We can

install wireless sensors in vehicles, mainly taxis and buses since these are the vehicles which remains on the road most of the times and daily covers huge area of road network and hence can provide more suitable information regarding the status of roads in the city. Municipalities [4] can use this data to determine which roads are in serious bad condition and needs immediate repair or rebuilding.

1.2.6.5 Traffic Signal Violation MonitoringThis use case requires RF Transmitter to be used at each of the Traffic Signal to identify traffic Violation. Vehicle must have a unit to detect the RF signal on Violation and notify the same to speeding/reckless driver. A Unit Software is required to keep the count of the same and once a predefined limit is approaching, should inform the driver about the legal preceding if continued in the similar fashion. Once the limit is reached, the system will pass the vehicle information to central traffic Management system along with the reason for logging a complaint. Moreover, such a system must be temper proof so that the driver is not able to misuse the same.

Central Traffic Management System to device the necessary action thereafter.

Challenges:

RF Transmitter at each Signal Central Traffic Management Center for devising the speed limit Traffic Density Calculation

1.2.6.6 Automated Challan issuanceThe surveillance cameras installed at the signals would have the Number Plate recognition algorithm hosted on the server. Once an automobile violates the traffic rules, the surveillance cameras would take the image of the number plate and send it to the central location. At the command and control centre, the Video Analytics platform would identify the car registration number from the image sent and would then map it to the National Car Registration database. It should be borne in mind that there could be multi-lingual number that can be embossed on the plate. The video analytics platform should convert the captured car registration number in Unicode and then compare with the pool. Once identified, the driver is issued a ticket against his/her name through an sms on his registered number and the ticket number is stored on the cloud for future reference.

1.2.6.7 Push advertising in public transportLocation Based Advertising on integrated displays in public transport systems has great potential. The Passengers are normally bored when they ride with a public transport system (metro, bus, tram etc.) so they are open to general interest information and location based advertising (push approach). Therefore they will receive messages during their ride. Mostly, they get value-added information e.g. about various events, special activities, opening hours of museums, timetables, delays, city-activities etc. Example: When the public transport system passes an electronics store, on the display of the high resolution screen special offers and saving of the store are displayed.[6] At the next exit you have the chance to get out of the public transport system and go directly to the store to check the service/product and buy it directly.

1.2.7 Logistics

1.2.7.1 Asset / Cargo trackingThis use case requires a battery powered portable devices which can track the current location of the asset/cargo. On demand or periodically the device can upload its location which would be helpful in tracking the same. This can be used for tracking wld animals in sanctuaries, domestic animals at large farms, children’s, pets and disabled people.

This service will enable Logistic companies to track their valuable assets movement, manage schedule and customer expectation. The asset will be connected to thin client GPS device with GSM/CDMA module, which will transmit current locations periodically or on request. Due to small packet size both SMS and Packet core would be used as bearer channel.

1.2.7.2 Pilferage tracking:

1.2.7.2.1 Condition check – Large-sized construction machinesLarge-sized construction machines are continuously operated for long hours. Once they break down, it takes substantial cost to repair them. Besides, since repairing a large-sized construction machine takes much time, it significantly affects the machine activity rate. Therefore, construction machines, especially large ones, are required to be free of down time and capable of planned operation without interruption. In order to secure such machines, it is necessary to early detect any symptoms of machine trouble by physical examination, etc. and have the maintenance personnel take suitable measures without delay

1.2.7.2.2 Order fulfillment and route optimizationsAssigning tasks online to work force, define beat routes. And track daily movement with regards to the schedule and route as well as monitor progress.

1.2.8 Usage Based InsuranceUser Based Insurance and PAY as You Drive opportunities and how the industry is leveraging technology to maximize return on investment through M2M Telematics. As many insurers and consumers now know, telematics technology has changed. Offering a vast range of benefits, telematics can help insurers grow their businesses, know and support their customers, and deliver a more profitable future.

Its Features include:

Real-time feedback on driver behavior Vehicle diagnostics Parental monitoring of teen driving Increased fuel efficiency Fewer claims and lower costs Better risk mitigation Stolen-vehicle tracking Decrease response time

Ecosystem

In a simplified way, a piece of hardware needs to be deployed in the car to get access to the pertinent vehicle and driving data, for example through an OBD II dongle or an embedded piece of hardware (black-box, TCU) with access to the vehicle (CAN)-bus. There are also some viable but somewhat limiting options through SMARTPHONE integration into the vehicle. In any case the collected data then has to be wirelessly transmitted to a back office data center where it is further analyzed and the insurance product can be determined.

Call Flow

With technology like telematics, massive amounts of data can be collected directly from

From the TCU/Head Units of vehicle, Actual mileage, GPS location or behavioral data such as speed, harsh breaking or acceleration, left turns vs. right turns and much more is collected,

All this information then analyzed and packaged into specific insurance products such as PAYD (Pay-as-you-drive), PHYD (Pay-how-you-drive), MHYD (Manage-how-you-drive) allowing insurance companies to offer many more tailored and innovative pricing models to its customers.

Tentative Global/ Indian Users on date and anticipated in next 5 and 10 years

India was the sixth largest motor vehicle/car manufacturer in the world in 2013. In terms of consumption (excluding exports) it is lags China (around 18 million), USA (12 million), Japan, Brazil. In terms of per capita consumption of vehicles it is very low at around 129th in the world.

Latest available data for registered vehicles RTO as per Government of India records (Ref: http://data.gov.in/catalog/total-number-registered-motor-vehicles-india#web_catalog_tabs_block_10) Year (As on 31st March)

All Vehicles

Two Wheelers*

Cars, Jeeps and Taxis Buses

Goods Vehicles Others**

2012 15949100 11541900 2156800 167700 765800 1316900** Tractors/Trailers etc not classified into the above categoriesAt the moment the total number of vehicles in India stands at about a 100 million

GPS devices which are one of the core items of these use cases have been made mandatory in several countries for the commercial vehicles to prevent theft and accidents. For Fleet Management most of the establishments make use of specific / high end devices. In India to a large extent only basic trackers are being used.

Using a forecast of 10% (average historical growth rate from 1999 to 2012) as per Government of India records, at the end of 2020, the vehicle data will be

Year (As on 31st March) All Vehicles

Two Wheelers*

Cars, Jeeps and Taxis Buses @

Goods Vehicles Others**

2020 34188312 24741087 4623292 359479 1641560 2822892

2025 55060618 39845769 7445858 578945 2643749 4546296

In 2020 - vehicles eligible for telematics units approximately will be 66 LacsIn 2025 – vehicles eligible for telematics units approximately will be 1 crore Excluding 2 wheelers from above computations

Assuming a attach rate for telematics units of around 8~10%, the number of vehicles with telematics units will be

2020 – 66 lacs2025 – 1 Crore

1.3 ITS Initiatives 1. JNNURM

Basic Block Diagram of OBITS with Key Features

Automatic vehicle Location (AVL) Passenger Information System (PIS) Synchronization with Bus Depot Continuous/ Schedule based Security Camera Recording on activation of

predefined features Emergency Two way Voice Call Rear View Camera Display On BDC on Enabling Reverse Gear GPS Based Navigation and 3G wireless Communication Supports Communication protocols like CAN 2.0, RS 232, Ethernet and

USB Vehicle Heath Monitoring and Diagnostics (VHMD)

Vehicle Tracking System/ Navigation System ETC RFID Tag Speed Limiters Immobilizers Collision warning Adaptive cruise control

2. KPSTRC

3. eToll

4. Mandate to install GPS/GRPS device in all public transport with video camera and panic button with connectivity to police stations.

5. CBSE has issued recommendations for school buses to have Global Positioning System (GPS), which will track its location. In the latest guideline issued by the CBSE, the GPS system will have to be approved by Automotive Research Association of India (ARAI).

6. Discussion on installation of Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) tags on the medium and heavy motor vehicles for toll collection.

7. Discussion on “No fuel without PUC”

8. Indian railway, almost all major cities & towns have floated RFPs for installation and commissioning of aftermarket GPS enabled M2M devises.

1.4 Research and developmentThere are many R&D initiative on the subject of ITS, and certainly we might know what traffic applications are needed for Indian roads. We might design and implement sensing technologies needed to handle those applications for Indian chaotic traffic. We might build robust, low-cost communication models to gather data from sensors and disseminate information to commuters. But unless we test our solutions in the field in medium to large scales, we will never come to know about practical issues. Building collaboration with the public sector is an absolute necessity for this domain to created sustainable output.

And there is a need to get all R&D efforts aligned, some of the organization doing R&D projects on ITS are :

DEITY : ITS projects

Sub project/ ITS technology Likely End Users

Wireless Traffic Control System Traffic police and local authorities

Second Generation Area Traffic Control System ( CoSiCoSt- II)

Medium and large cities deploying ATCS

Real Time Traffic Counting & Monitoring System Traffic Planners and development authorities

Intelligent Parking Lot Management System Town planners & local authorities

Advanced Travellers Information System General public and traffic planners

Intelligent Transit Trip Planner and Realtime Route Information

General public and traffic planners

Red Light Violation Detection System Traffic police

Intelligent Traffic Congestion Management System using RFID

Traffic planners and development authorities

DIMTS

Wireless Traffic Signal Controller (Wi-TraC)Red Light-Stop Line Violation & Detection System (RLSVDS)CCTV Junction SurveillanceVariable Message Sign (VMSVideo Incident DetectionControl and Command Centre

Center of Excellence in Urban transport

A multi-institutional and mutli-disciplinary research team from the following eight institutes   are part of the Centre:

Name of the Project Principal Name of the

Investigator Institute

Improving Transit System Performance through Automatic Data Collection Systems

Dr K Gunasekaran Anna University Chennai

Study on Safety at work zones in Urban Areas

Dr K Gunasekaran Anna UniversityChennai

Comprehensive Transportation Planning for the Selected Zones in Bangalore City

Dr.H.S.Jagadeesh BMS College of EngineeringBangalore

Development of Pavement Deterioration Models for Urban Roads

Dr.H.S.Jagadeesh BMS College of EngineeringBangalore

Study on Developing Tools and Methods to Support Advanced Traveller Information Systems (ATIS) in Indian Cities, A Case Study at Trivandrum City

Dr.M.Satya Kumar College of Engineering,Trivandrum

Evaluation of traffic data collection techniques for Indian conditions

Dr. V. Lelitha Devi Indian Institute of Technology Madras

Bus arrival time prediction under Indian Traffic Conditions

Dr. V. Lelitha Devi Indian Institute of Technology Madras

Dynamic Network Modeling under Mixed-Traffic

Dr. Gitakrishnan Ramadurai

Indian Institute of Technology Madras

Urban Congestion Mitigation

Dr. R. Sivanandan Indian Institute of Technology Madras

Tools for Transportation Planning

Dr. Karthik K. Srinivasan

Indian Institute of Technology Madras

Urban Pavement Management Systems (PMS)

Dr. A. Veeraragavan Indian Institute of Technology Madras

Urban Safety Management Dr. A. Veeraragavan Indian Institute of Technology Madras

Development of Activity based Models for Forecasting of Travel Demand

Dr.M.V.L.R.Anjaneyulu

National Institute of Technology,Calicut

Development of a Toolbox for Evaluation and Identification of Urban Road Safety Improvement Measures

Dr.M.V.L.R.Anjaneyulu

National Institute of Technology,Calicut

Urban Speed Management Using ITS

Dr. S Moses Santhakumar

National Institute of Technology , Tiruchirappali

Urban Pavement Maintenance Management Systems (UPMMS)

Dr.Samson Mathew National Institute of Technology , Tiruchirappali

CDAC : http://www.intranse.in/node/1

Indigenous product manufacturing status and potential for related equipment and devices

In India the product (GPS devices etc) is being manufactured and serviced mainly by Startups and SMEs. However basis components like Modules, silicon chips and sensors mostly imported Demand for such devices due to lack of awareness of the benefits by Transport sector has been very slow. Though after beginning made by Delhi Government for registration of device manufacturers and service providers, demand has increased to some extent but it is far behind the expected growth. Three major reasons are

Influx of cheaper devices from the neighboring country which have lower quality and result in too many failures resulting in loss of customer confidence in the devices,

Gap in ensuring compliance of continuation of the service

Lack of seamless coverage for tracking long route transit.

Advance technologies like Radar, V2V, V2I has not started major reason being Lack of awareness, proper R&D, Spectrum and resources.

Retro fitting of Global technologies: As Indian ecosystem is different and unique, road conditions, type of vehicles, driving habits and requirements are completely different. Indian roads are mostly chaotic where no lane discipline is followed; major issue is to address problems like traffic.

Indian STDs needs to be derived for manufacturing and mass adoption and to become future ready.

Government support required for future proliferation

Transportation Control Centers. Setting up of nationwide fully functional traffic management and emergency control centers.

Spectrum for Transportation: Govt should allocate spectrum for R&D and technology adoption for advanced technologies like: Radar based collision detection & Vehicle to Vehicle.

Research and Development: Govt should promote R&D and IPR creation by involving TCoEs and R&D labs.

o Encourage investment and provide incentive to companies who invest in R&D and whose headcount, Capex , Patents and Technical skills are more than the parameters set by the GOI

o Give “High Technology status” to company based on the technical abilities working for the National Program

o Financial Incentives (Tax , Low Cost Loans ) to the High Tech Status

Standards: India’s ITS cannot be entirely modeled on the existing successful ITS deployment of other countries as the ecosystem is completely different. India should focus on creating STD for Indian geography ans also ensure we are not deviating from Global Path.

Create economies of scale, by driving common technology framework which can address all major use cases from all verticals, transportation, health, agriculture Etc.

Promoting Entrepreneurship: M2M Market in India has abundance of Startups and SME with dedicated focus on M2M/IoT, govt should have norms to help them in incubation stage.

Demand management: Mandates by Govt Agencies will increase the demand of equipments and solutions. Domestic manufacturing ecosystem should flourish and gains expertise ASAP. Govt should promote innovation, research & development, creating sustainable Standards, removing entry barriers, Subsidizing resources, reducing TAX & RAW material Import duties.

National Data Aggregator and Archive: Create a National Archival for ITS data, on which common applications can ride. The data being received on the server of the authorities can further be used not only for real time location only but also for speed control by getting speed alerts and issuing speed violation challans based on the speed limits prescribed for various roads. The data can also be used for checking and controlling drivering behavior / pattern. This data can also be used for checking the Road permit requirements for various states. Even load being carried by these vehicles can be regulated by adding load cells / sensors to these GPS devices.

Provision of connecting aftermarket device to vehicles without violating the warranty of the vehicle. Today vehicles do not come with STD interface to connect the Devices. So while connecting the devices the warranty gets void.

PMA policy :

List of Components for inclusion in PMA Policy is given below:

GPS Device (Vehicle Tracking System / Personnel Tracker)

1.0 Designa) Hardwareb) Software

2.0 Components:a) GPS Moduleb) Communication module (GSM / GPRS/ CDMA/ Satellite)c) Silicon Components (Microcontroller, memory etc)d) Passive Components (Resistors, Capacitors etc)e) Connectors (OA Connectors  on device side, OBD connectors

on vehicle side)f) Cablesg) Enclosure body and lining materialh) RF Components (GPS antenna, Communication antenna

(GSM/GPRS/CDMA/Satellite) 3.0 PCBs

a) PCB fabrication4.0 Firm Ware

a) Design and loading5.0 Assembly / Inspection / Testing6.0 Sensors

a) Temperature, Fuel level, Door sensor, Biometric, Load etc7.0 Camera.

a) Night Vision Camera/ IP Camera. 8.0 RFID

a) Readerb) Cards

9.0 Criteria to measure the Value added services (Software/Firmware/Board Manufacturing) in PMA policy

10.0 The target products/system that would be purchased through government tenders (Business to Government)

SIM: The normal SIM card is not designed for harsh conditions of the vehicles, soft SIM, M2M SIM should be considered for Auto industry.

Spectrum Allocation: There are some critical services in M2M, hence various services may require dedicated spectrum for their respective operations.

Privacy Issues: There are significant privacy issues in Automobile e.g. location details, identity of the persons, etc. These issues have to be addressed by the Auto Industry.

Create Device Agnostic ecosystem: Govt should consider creating “data communication protocol”, so that it should not be device dependant and should be interoperable. Currently all devices are tightly coupled with application which make it difficult to change the service provider.

KYC: KYC process should be linked to the RTO formalities, which will insure the ownership transfer is in Sync both for vehicle and connection.

Aadhar based Driver Identification: Aadhar based Driver Identification system should be implemented.

Domestic Hardware expertise: All moderns vehicles are equipped with multiple sensors, so its IMP to setup – manufacturing industry create those components internally.

Creating Skilled manpower

o Researchers & Scientist: The top organizations from (R&D labs, Telcos, Software giants, manufactures, Govt Bodies) operating in India should be asked to create common pool of brilliant resources who should be responsible for dedicating time and efforts to create common technology for India. Hence reducing the overall R&D cost.

o Job Creators: Govt should assist them with required facilities, to come forward and invest in field of M2M.

o Skilled technicians: to realize vision of manufacturing hub in India, we would need skilled technicians in large numbers. Short courses should be introduced to create skilled manpower in manufacturing and software of IoT/M2M services. Training of manpower at Engineer and Technician levels

o Role of Academia:

Top engineering and management institution should have research on M2M/IoT as part of their curriculum. And should be playing a major role in creating Indian IPRs by involving in R&D and strategic activities.

Relook of the curriculum of MCA and B Tech programs to cover these emerging technology areas like IoT/M2M.

Collaborative efforts: Govt should facilitate with platform where all vertical industry players can join the larger ecosystem. This will ensure wide acceptability of the technology ensuring economies of scale.

o Vehicle OEMs, Municipalities, Security Agencies (police), hospitals,

o Associations : Car Manufactures, Associations : Society of Indian Automobile Manufacturers (SIAM), Automotive Research Association of India (ARAI) ,

o Ministry of Road Transport and Highways, Ministry of urban development

Benefit to everyone of Value chain: To increase the challenges of adoption govt should consider providing benefit to create maintain and use this technology to, users, manufactures and OEMs

o Ensuring seamless availability of the underlying network by relooking at various administrative and commercial aspects.

o Allowing Satellite communication to be used as alternate channel.

o The government should create one example from policy to manufacturing to create confidence in the investor / companies

Other Challenges: Apart from various challenges presented there are other secondary challenges which has to be carefully evaluated. The challenges like power related issues, pollution, various health hazards due to so these devices and radiations etc has to be highlighted.

1.5 International ScenarioTelemetric mandate in Brazil, US, Europe and Russia

Brazil - Contran 245

EU – eCall (2015)

Russia : ERA-GLONASS (2013)

Germany - LKW-Maut Toll Collect (2005)

France - HGV Eco-tax (2013)

ADAS Mandates

U.S. - electronic onboard recorder (EOBR) (2015)

US & UK - V2V and V2I using Dedicated short-range communications for ITS.

o United States Federal Communications Commission (FCC) allocated 75 MHz of spectrum in the 5.9 GHz band to be used by intelligent transportation systems (ITS).

o European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) allocated 30 MHz of spectrum in the 5.9 GHz band for ITS

o Automotive Radar services: European Union: A 'temporary' frequency band has been opened at 24 GHz is allocated for radar technology; A

'permanent' band has been allocated at 79 GHz, allowing for long-term development of this radar service.

1.5.1 Global Standards

Working Group 15 of the CEN TC274 has written a set of standards regarding eCall. Compliance with these standards is required in the General Approach of the Council.

1) EN 16062 - eCall high level application requirements (HLAP) defines the high level application protocols to facilitate eCalls using mobile networks.

2) EN 16072 - Pan-European eCall operating requirements specifies the generic operational requirements and intrinsic procedures for the provision of an eCall service that allows to transfer an emergency message and to establish a voice channel between IVS and PSAP.

3) EN 16102 - eCall - Operating requirements for third party support covers the same scope for but for third party services in order to allow service providers to offer services handling eCalls.

4) EN 15722 - eCall minimum set of data (MSD) specifies the content and format of the data to be transferred by the IVS to the PSAP during an eCall.

5) CEN/TS 16454 - eCall end to end conformance testing sets out test procedures that allow different actors in the eCall chain (vehicle/IVS, MNO, PSAP, TPSP) to claim conformance to all above listed EN eCall standards without being able to control the behavior of other actor.

ETSI: Intelligent Transport Systemshttp://www.etsi.org/technologies-clusters/technologies/intelligent-transportIt is worthwhile to go through the following standards to understand what is already in place regarding ITS Architecture big picture - to establish use cases outside this environment but significantly relevant to India, otherwise the group can simply build over the decorum of the established relationships:1. ISO_DIS_14813-1_(E) : Reference model architecture(s) for the ITS sector — Part 1: ITS service domains, service groups and services2. ISO TR 14813-2 (E) 2008v1: Reference model architecture for the ITS sector — Part 2: Core ITS reference architecture3. ISO TR 14813-3 (E) 2008v2 : Reference model architecture(s) for the ITS sector — Part 3: Example elaboration4. ISO TR 14813-4 (E) 2008v1 : ITS reference architecture — Part 4: Reference model tutorial

Communication Standards:Additionally there is a series of Standards around the communication technology domain which need to be considered within the above ITS services domain5. ISO 21212:2008 Intelligent transport systems -- Communications access for land mobiles (CALM) -- 2G Cellular systems6. ISO 21213:2008 Intelligent transport systems -- Communications access for land mobiles (CALM) -- 3G Cellular systems

7. ISO/DIS 21214 Intelligent transport systems -- Communications access for land mobiles (CALM) -- Infra-red systems8. ISO 21214:2006 Intelligent transport systems -- Communications access for land mobiles (CALM) -- Infra-red systems9. ISO 21215:2010 Intelligent transport systems -- Communications access for land mobiles (CALM) -- M510. ISO 21216:2012 Intelligent transport systems -- Communication access for land mobiles (CALM) -- Millimetre wave air interface11. ISO/NP 21217 Intelligent transport systems -- Communications access for land mobiles (CALM) -- Architecture12. ISO 21217:2010 Intelligent transport systems -- Communications access for land mobiles (CALM) -- Architecture13. ISO/DIS 21218 Intelligent transport systems -- Communications access for land mobiles (CALM) -- Access technology support14. ISO 21218:2008 Intelligent transport systems -- Communications access for land mobiles (CALM)-- Medium service access points

1.6 Bibliography[1] http://arxiv.org/abs/1206.0447[2] http://www.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:438096/FULLTEXT01.pdf[3] http://www.dimts.in/Services_Transportation_Intelligent_Transport_System.aspx[4] http://www.cmtelematics.com/resources/whitepapers/pothole/[5] http://www.cscjournals.org/manuscript/Journals/IJAS/volume4/Issue1/IJAS-62.pdf[6] http://www.e-lba.com/usecase1.html[7] https://www.usenix.org/system/files/conference/nsdr12/nsdr12-final2.pdf[8] http://www.kpit.com/engineering/products/on-bus-its[9] http://www.cmcltd.com/sites/default/files/resourcecenter/CaseStudy_KSRTC.pdf[10] http://thenih0n.in/sutpp/skin/pdf/event_22.pdf[11] http://ebtc.eu/pdf/120913_SNA_Snapshot_Intelligent-transport-systems-in-India.pdf[12] http://www.dimts.in/Services_Transportation_Intelligent_Transport_System.aspxAlok

Sethi [13] http://cdac.in/index.aspx?id=pe_its_inteli_transportation[14] http://deity.gov.in/content/intelligent-transportation-system-its  [15] http://tripp.iitd.ernet.in/course/lecture2010/mohan/module1/ITS%20DM.pdf[16] http://www.eolss.net/Sample-Chapters/C15/E1-25-02-06.pdf[17] http://www.currentscience.ac.in/Volumes/100/09/1386.pdf[18] http://www.currentscience.ac.in/Volumes/100/09/1386.pdf[19] http://jnnurm.nic.in/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/Chapter-10-ITS.pdf[20] http://www.itpi.org.in/files/jul1_11.pdf[21] http://www.vbsoftindia.com/intelligent-transportation-systems.htm[22] http://www.efkonindia.com/news.php[23] http://cseindia.org/content/air-pollution-now-fifth-largest-killer-india-says-newly-

released-findings-global-burden-dise[24] http://www.financialexpress.com/news/commuting-time-in-mumbai-the-maximum-says-

study/210620/2 [25] http://kids.britannica.com/comptons/art-117543/Road-traffic-of-all-kinds-cars-trucks-

mopeds-auto-and[26] http://www.rtirn.net/docs/Risk%20Factors%20for%20Pedestrian%20Injuries%20in

%20India%20and%20South%20East%20Asian%20Countries-%20Dr.%20Gururaj.pdf[27] http://m2m.gemalto.com/tl_files/cinterion/newsletter/gemalto_case_study_GTT_web.pdf[28] https://m2m.telefonica.com/blog/m2m-in-trains-connectivity-on-rails[29] http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/haryana-to-eliminate-all-unmanned-

railway-crossings/article6849253.ece[30] http://www.up.com/cs/groups/public/@uprr/documents/up_pdf_nativedocs/

pdf_up_sustainability-2012.pdf

2 Annexure I: Use Case Analysis

2.1 TitleUC Automotive Road - Safety In Vehicle Emergency Call System

2.2 ObjectiveThis use case deals with providing an infrastructure and a corresponding process/infrastructure to auto call an emergency number in case of any untoward scenario or accident.

2.3 Source (as applicable)Aditya Basu (Aditya.Base@happiestminds.com), Happiest Minds (Author)

Samar Shailendra (s.samar@tcs.com), CTO Networks Lab, TCS

Anuj Ashokan (anuj.ashokan@tatatel.co.in) , Tata Teleservices Ltd

Hemant Rath (hemant.rath@tcs.com), CTO Networks Lab, TCS

Anantha Simha (anantha.simha@tcs.com), CTO Networks Lab, TCS

2.4 Background

2.4.1 Current PracticeOne of the existing implementation, FORD has implemented in its Ecosports version of SUV. The system, according to Ford, is a vehicle-based, no-cost, non-subscription call-for-help system that delivers a voice message directly to emergency operators, indicating that a vehicle has been involved in an accident in which the airbags have been deployed or fuel pump shut-off triggered and opens the line for hands-free communication.

The Emergency Assistance system works via Ford’s Sync system, which is a voice-activated, hands-free communications and entertainment package for mobile phones and digital media players that allows the driver to make and receive calls and play music.

The Sync system uses the driver’s own mobile phone via Bluetooth and activates the moment the driver enters the car. In case an accident occurs, the Sync system uses its hands-free phone capabilities to connect the driver directly with India’s emergency service number – 108.

Before initiating the emergency call, the Sync system will provide a 10 second window to allow the driver or passenger to decide whether to cancel the call. If not manually cancelled within the 10 second window, Sync will place the emergency call.

The call flow for the same is as follows:

1. In event of accident the vehicle location is determined by GPS

2. SYNC audibly announces to the cabin that it is placing an emergency call

3. Dials “112”-emergency number for all emergency services across Europe/Any country

4. Automatically plays a message which informs the operator that a crash has occurred in a Ford vehicle and the location of that vehicle using the most appropriate language

5. SYNC audibly confirms that the emergency assistance call has been placed

6. The use can cancel the call anytime by pressing the hangup button

2.5 Need for Use CaseEvery year the number of vehicle accidents and death injuries are increasing exponentially. Had it been that a quality service is deployed at the accident site in time, number of such tragedies could have been avoided.

Some of the factors affecting such quality service are

1. Delayed alerts at the emergency center

2. Delayed arrival of emergency services at the accident scene

3. Insufficient information during rescue

4. Inefficient traffic management

This requires an automated system in the vehicle that can detect and react in case of an accident or any untoward accident.

2.6 Indian Ecosystem Specifics ( Same as current Practice )Under the Indian Ecosystem Specifics, FORD has implemented the In Vehicle Emergency Call System in its Ecosports version .

The system, according to Ford, is a vehicle-based, no-cost, non-subscription call-for-help system that delivers a voice message directly to emergency operators, indicating that a vehicle has been involved in an accident in which the airbags have been deployed or fuel pump shut-off triggered and opens the line for hands-free communication.

The Emergency Assistance system works via Ford’s Sync system, which is a voice-activated, hands-free communications and entertainment package for mobile phones and digital media players that allows the driver to make and receive calls and play music.

The Sync system uses the driver’s own mobile phone via Bluetooth and activates the moment the driver enters the car. In case an accident occurs, the Sync system uses its hands-free phone capabilities to connect the driver directly with India’s emergency service number – 108.

Before initiating the emergency call, the Sync system will provide a 10 second window to allow the driver or passenger to decide whether to cancel the call. If not manually cancelled within the 10 second window, Sync will place the emergency call.

 This is the specific Call Flow

1)      In event of accident the vehicle location is determined by GPS

2)      SYNC audibly announces to the cabin that it is placing an emergency call

3)      Dials “112”-emergency number for all emergency services across Europe/Any country

4)      Automatically plays a message which informs the operator that a crash has occurred in a Ford vehicle and the location of that vehicle using the most appropriate language

5)      SYNC audibly confirms that the emergency assistance call has been placed

6)      The use can cancel the call anytime by pressing the hangup button

2.7  DescriptioneCall system is an In-Vehicle Call system which opens the line for communication over GSM/CDMA in case of an accident. eCall System to be positioned in the Vehicular Network.

An accident can be identified based on airbags deployment or triggering of fuel pump shut-off.

All necessary information required for road side assistance in time is sent over SMS through the established communication to the Emergency Service Provider. This includes

1. Geo Coordinates

2. Vehicle Model

3. Vehicle Diagnostics info (crash impact)

Before the communication is established, Vehicle Identification Number and Vehicle Diagnostics information is read from vehicular network using OBD protocol. Geo Coordinates are read using the embedded GPS module.

A voice call is also placed for the driver to provide any additional data to Service provider. However voice call is hanged up after certain timeout, if the driver condition is critical and couldn’t responds.

eCall System to also publish the accident information over V2V network to nearby vehicles and to nearby infrastructure unit over V2I network using short range communication protocols.

Emergency Service provider is to receive the data from the vehicle over GSM network. Emergency Service provider will have an intelligent system to analyze the received data and then determine the type of service to be deployed at the accident site. System then will automatically place a call to the service provider (Medical, Fire, Car Service center) and to share the vehicle data.

Service Vehicle to deploy an intelligent system with in itself, which communicates the accident information to nearby infrastructure units which in-turn forwards the data to infrastructure unit in the near vicinity until closer to accident spot.

Infrastructure units could be Signal Lights which upon reception of such a data could make way for the service vehicle to reach the accident spot in time and thereby resulting in timely deployment of service vehicle at the accident spot.

Some of the Challenges anticipated are:

1. No single Indian Emergency Service Provider.

2. Interoperability of different emergency service provider.

3. Detection of Fraudulent Calls.

4. Detection of False Alarms.

5. Back Up procedure to make the call in case of primary call system fails.

2.8 Actors (as applicable)

Actor Name Actor Type (person, organization, device, system)

Role Description

eCall System Device Device responsible for identifying and initiating the rescue operation

Service Provider System System responsible for1. deploying the

necessary services at the site of accident

2. Arrive at best route for the service vehicle

3. to Communicate the accident details to all the traffic signals to make way for service vehicles

V2V Communication Unit

Device Device responsible for vehicle to vehicle communication

V2I Communication Unit

Device Device responsible for vehicle to Infrastructure communication

Service Vehicle System Vehicle carrying the necessary equipment to

2.9 Contextual Illustration – (as applicable)

2.10 Pre-requisites (Assumptions):1. An infrastructure (person/service) is expected to route and receive the Emergency Calls.2. A system is expected to be in place to act upon the Emergency Calls.

2.11 Pre-conditions (if any)-N/A-

2.12 Triggers (if any)Any Vehicle Accident or an untoward accident may activate the vehicle Emergency Call System.

2.13 Scenario description

2.13.1 Normal Scenario (as applicable)

Following information is sent over SMS, for the service provider to identify the nearest emergency service that needs to be deployed at the incident site as early as possible

1. Voice call is initiated – If at all driver is in a situation to speak, can provide additional information to assistant provider to help better

2. Communication over Vehicle to Vehicle (V2V) network is established to communicate accident information with the nearing vehicles to avoid secondary accidents and traffic congestion in case of Highway driving

3. Nearing Vehicle to alert the driver about such an incident and in turn communicate the same to other vehicles in its vicinity.

4. V2I network can also be planned to have information flow over a wider range to  cover more vehicles.

5. Emergency Service Providers to identify the emergency service that needs to be deployed based on the received set of data

6. Emergency Service Providers to arrive at best route for the service vehicle to take at that instance of time in the day to reach the destination as early as possible

7. Emergency Service Provider to communicate the same to all the traffic signals in the route to make way for the service vehicles through the city

2.13.2 Alternate Flow (if any) -N/A-

2.13.3 Exception Flow (if any)-N/A-

2.14 Post-conditions (if any)-N/A-

2.15 Use Case process Flow diagram

2.16 Information Exchange eCall System:

Vehicle Identifier tag: Vehicle Identification NumberVehicle Geo Co-ordinates: Longitude, Latitude

Vehicle Diagnostics Information: OBD data

Service Provider:Emergency Type: Fire, Car Service, Ambulance, PoliceVehicle Data (Includes all above)

V2V Communication Unit:Vehicle location: Longitude, Latitude

V2I Communication Unit:Vehicle location: Longitude, Latitude

Service Vehicle:Vehicle location: Vehicle Data

2.17 Interface Requirements (as applicable)1. eCall System shall be able to receive GPS data from GPS2. eCall System shall be able to send data over GSM/CDMA module3. eCall System shall be able to send data over Short Range Communication interface

to nearing vehicle or nearby infrastructure module.4. Service provider shall be able to receive data over GSM/CDMA5. Service Vehicle shall be able to forward the data to nearby infrastructure unit

2.18 Performance CriteriaVehicle data as described above to be transmitted at the instance of accident from eCall system to Service provider.Latency: Ideally data to reach the service provider with minimum delay to service the situation in time.Volume: About 100 bytes of data (Geo Co-ordinates, VIN and OBD Data) to be transmitted from vehicle over GSM network at the time of accident to service provider. Service provider to dispatch this information to service vehicle with the problem description upon reception of data from the accident met vehicle.Also V2V and V2I system to send vehicle data over vehicular network (DSRC) at the time of accidentVehicle data transfer is of highest priority and is the only data transmitted at the time of accident. In case of network failure, Vehicle data sent over SMS shall be buffered at network provider and shall be available to end unit as soon as it gets connected back to network.

2.19 Scalability: -N/A-

2.20 User InterfaceAn UI shall be required at service provider and also at service vehicle to view the vehicle data. No such UI is required at the eCall System itself

2.21 Communication InfrastructureeCall System shall use GSM network and V2V network for communication with outside world

2.22 Deployment ConsiderationseCall System to be deployed in the region of car which is very less likely to be damaged upon an accident. The device must be very rugged/heat resistant to withstand the impact of the accident e.g the ruggedness and durability must be similar to that of a Black Box in Aeroplanes.

2.23 Geographical ConsiderationsInfrastructure units must be placed within few hundred meters of distance from each other.

2.24 SecurityThere are no potential data security threats because no critical data is transmitted. However, the reliability of the system and the authenticity of the data is a matter of concern.

2.25 Startup Shutdown processeCall System to be battery powered. Once the system is up and running, device to be in sleep state until accident event occurs thereby avoiding battery draining during normal operation of the vehicle.

2.26 Potential market growth Safety systems in cars will be the key growth drivers for the Indian automotive electronics market in the next few years as it attains a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 21.8 per cent, as per research report. It is estimated that the accelerating growth in embedded in-car telematics over the next 15 years will lead to cars representing over 5% of all connected devices by 2025, compared with just 0.1% today. The automotive embedded telematics market will grow at CAGR of 24.6% over the next 15 years to reach €20 billion by 2025.

Fig. Growth Forecast for cumulative volume of Embedded Telematics by Region

2.27 Challenges Some of the Challenges anticipated are:

1. No single Indian Emergency Service Provider.

2. Interoperability of different emergency service provider.

3. Detection of Fraudulent Calls.

4. Detection of False Alarms.

5. Back Up procedure to make the call in case of primary call system fails.

2.28 Available Global StandardsWorking Group 15 of the CEN TC274 has written a set of standards regarding eCall. Compliance with these standards is required in the General Approach of the Council.

1) EN 16062 - eCall high level application requirements (HLAP) defines the high level application protocols to facilitate eCalls using mobile networks.

2) EN 16072 - Pan-European eCall operating requirements specifies the generic operational requirements and intrinsic procedures for the provision of an eCall service that allows to transfer an emergency message and to establish a voice channel between IVS and PSAP.

3) EN 16102 - eCall - Operating requirements for third party support covers the same scope for but for third party services in order to allow service providers to offer services handling eCalls.

4) EN 15722 - eCall minimum set of data (MSD) specifies the content and format of the data to be transferred by the IVS to the PSAP during an eCall.

5) CEN/TS 16454 - eCall end to end conformance testing sets out test procedures that allow different actors in the eCall chain (vehicle/IVS, MNO, PSAP, TPSP) to claim conformance to all above listed EN eCall standards without being able to control the behavior of other actor.

The following ETSI standards have been referenced in the various eCall related documents: • ETSI TS 102 164 (Version 1.3.1) • ETSI TS 121 133 (Release 8 or later) • ETSI TS 122 003 (Release 8 or later) • ETSI TS 122 011 (Release 8 or later) • ETSI TS 122 071 (Release 8 or later) • ETSI TS 122 101 (Release 8) • ETSI TS 124 008 (Release 8 or later) • ETSI TS 124 123 (Release 8 or later) • ETSI TS 126 267 (Release 8 or later) • ETSI TS 126 268 (Release 8 or later) • ETSI TS 126 269 (Release 8 or later) • ETSI TS 127 007 (Release 8 or later) • ETSI TS 151 010 (Release 8 or later) • ETSI EN 301 511 • ETSI EN 301 908