Automobiles are frequently judged in their industry by many superlatives: the smallest, largest, fastest, lightest, best-selling, and so on. They vary greatly in size, engine displacement, power, price, and many other traits.

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Vehicle dimensions.Overall Longest Current production car - 6,165 mm (242.7 in) - 2010 Maybach 62

Production car - 6,248 mm (246.0 in) - 1964 Mercedes-Benz 600 Limousine

Limited production car - 6,405 mm (252.2 in) - 1975 Cadillac Fleetwood Seventy-Five Limousine.

Pickup Truck - 6,650 mm (261.8 in) - 2010 Ford F-350 Super Duty Crew Cab Long Bed

Commercial - 7,345 mm (289.2 in) - Mercedes-Benz Sprinter LWB / Volkswagen Crafter LWB

Widest Current production car - 1,998 mm (78.7 in) - 2010 Bugatti Veyron

Production car - 2,058 mm (81.0 in) - 2010 Lamborghini Murcielago LP670-4 SV (production ended 5 Nov 2010)

Limited production car - 2,101 mm (82.7 in) - 2008 SSC Ultimate Aero

Pickup Truck - 2,438 mm (96.0 in) - 2010 Dodge Ram 3500

Commercial - 2,474 mm (97.4 in) - 2010 Unimog U5000

Tallest Current production car - 1,915 mm (75.4 in) - 2008 Toyota Alphard/Vellfire

Pickup Truck - 2,057 mm (81.0 in) - 2006 Ford F-350 Super Duty Crew Cab Long Bed

SUV - 2,083 mm (82.0 in) - 2003 Hummer H2

Commercial - 2,676 mm (105.4 in) - 2010 Unimog U5000

Shortest Current production car - 2,695 mm (106.1 in) - 2010 Smart Fortwo

Production car - 2,500 mm (98.4 in) - 1998 Smart Fortwo

Limited production car - 1,340 mm (52.8 in) - 1962 Peel P50 (3 wheels)

Lowest Current production car - 1,117 mm (44.0 in) - 2010 Lotus Elise

Production car - 1,067 mm (42.0 in) - 1967 Lotus Europa

Limited production car - 736.6 mm (29.0 in) - 1969 Probe 15..

Wheelbase

Longest Production car - 3,893 mm (153.3 in) - 1964 Mercedes-Benz 600 Limousine

Pickup Truck - 4,379 mm (172.4 in) - 2005 Ford F-350 Super Duty Crew Cab

Commercial - 5,080 mm (200.0 in) - 2005 Ford F-550 Super Duty Chassis Crew Cab

Shortest

Current production car - 1,867 mm (73.5 in) - 2010 Smart Fortwo

Production car - 1,500 mm (59.1 in) - 1956 Isetta

Limited-production car - 1,270 mm (50.0 in) - 1962 Peel P50.

Track

Widest Front Production car - 1,685 mm (66.3 in) - 2003 Rolls-Royce Phantom (2003)

Pickup truck - 1,742 mm (68.6 in) - 2010 Dodge Ram 2500

Commercial - 1,930 mm (76.0 in) - 2010 Dodge Ram 4500 Chassis Cab

Widest Rear Production car - 1,710 mm (67.3 in) - Jaguar XJ220

Pickup truck - 1,925 mm (75.8 in) - 2010 Dodge Ram 3500 Crew Cab Dual Rear Wheels

Commercial - 1,927 mm (75.9 in) - 2009 Unimog U4000

Narrowest Front Limited-production car - 990 mm (39.0 in) - Peel P50

Production car - 1,275 mm (50.2 in) - 1998 Smart Fortwo

Narrowest Rear Production car - 521 mm (20.5 in) - Isetta.

Weight

Lightest Current production car - 740 kg (1,631 lb) - 2010 Daihatsu Mira

Production car - 406 kg (895 lb) - 1964 Mini Moke

Current production racecar - 456 kg (1,005 lb) - 1996 Ariel Atom

Limited-production car - 59 kg (130 lb) DIN - 1962 Peel P50 (3 wheels)

Heaviest Curb Weight

Production car - 2,855 kg (6,294 lb) - 2003 Maybach 62

SUV - 3,428 kg (7,557 lb) - 2006 Hummer H1 Alpha Wagon

Pickup truck - 6,600 kg (14,551 lb) - 2008 International CXTLimited-production car - 4,536 kg (10,000 lb) - 2009 Cadillac Presidential Limousine (estimated) .

Commercial - 5,350 kg (11,795 lb) - 2009 Unimog U5000 Long Wheelbase.

Engines.

Engine displacement.

Smallest49 cubic centimetres (3.0 cu in) - 1963 Peel P50 (100+ produced) - 322 cubic centimetres (19.6 cu in) - 1956 Berkeley SA322.Largest1911 Fiat S76 28.3 L (1,727 cu in)

1912 Benz 82/200, 21.5 L (1,312 cu in) inline-four engine

(Currently produced) Bugatti Veyron 8 L (488 cu in) W16 engine

(Crate engine only) - GM Performance ZZ572, 9.4 L (572 cu in) V8 engine

(Final Production Ended 2010) Dodge Viper 8.4 L (513 cu in) V10 engine.

Power.Highest powerPetrol/Gasoline engine (naturally-aspirated) - 559 kW (760 PS; 750 hp) - 2011 Aston Martin One-77 7.3L V12 engine

Petrol/Gasoline engine (forced-induction) - 960 kW (1,305 PS; 1,287 hp) SSC Ultimate Aero TT

Diesel engine - 368 kW (500 PS; 493 bhp), Audi Q7 V12 TDI 6.0 L - 5,934 cc (362.1 cu in) twin-turbo V12 engine.. .Highest specific power (power to weight ratio)1045 hp/metric ton (1.91 lb/hp) - 2007 Caparo T1 V8 engine 429 kW (583 PS; 575 hp) and 470 kg (1,036 lb)

TwinTurbo Aspiration1,107 hp/metric ton 2011 SSC Ultimate Aero TT V8 engine 960 kW (1,305 PS; 1,287 hp) and 1,197 kg (2,639 lb).Highest specific engine output (power/unit displacement)Petrol/Gasoline (naturally-aspirated) piston engine - 93.18 kW (126.7 PS; 125.0 hp) per litre - 2009 Ferrari 458 Italia 419.2 kW (570 PS; 562 hp) 4.499 L

Petrol/Gasoline (forced-induction) piston engine - 151.2 kW (206 PS; 203 hp) per litre - 2009 Mitsubishi Lancer Evolution VIII FQ400 302 kW (411 PS; 405 hp) 2.0 L I4

Diesel engine (naturally-aspirated) - 33.38 kW (45.4 PS; 44.8 hp) per litre - 1993 Mercedes E 300 Diesel 100 kW (136 PS; 134 hp) DIN 2.996 L I6[citation needed]

Diesel engine (forced-induction) - 75.2 kW (102.2 PS; 100.8 hp) per litre - 2007 BMW new 2.0 L I4 twin-turbo 150 kW (204 PS; 201 hp) DIN

Naturally-aspirated pistonless rotary engine - 140.5 kW (191.0 PS; 188.4 hp) per litre - Mazda RX-8 Renesis 184 kW (250 PS; 247 hp) JIS 1.3 L

Petrol/Gasoline (forced-induction) pistonless rotary engine - 158.46 kW (215.4 PS; 212.5 hp) per litre - Mazda RX-7 206 kW (280 PS; 276 hp) JIS 1.3 L.

Torque.Highest torquePetrol engine - 1,508 N·m (1,112 ft·lbf), SSC Ultimate Aero TT Diesel engine - 1,085 N·m (800 ft·lbf), Ford Super Duty V8 TDI 6.7 L - turbo V8 engine .Highest specific torque (torque/unit displacement)

The mean effective pressure (MEP) is a useful comparison tool, giving the average cylinder pressure exerted on the piston.

Petrol engine (naturally-aspirated) - MEP 15.1 bar, 120.03 N·m (89 ft·lbf) per litre - Ferrari 458 Italia 540 N·m (398 ft·lbf)

Petrol engine (forced-induction) - MEP 33 bar, 246.4 N·m (182 ft·lbf) per litre - 2010 Mitsubishi Evo X FQ400 492 N·m (363 ft·lbf)

Petrol engine (naturally-aspirated pistonless rotary engine) - MEP 21.5 bar, 170.8 N·m (126.0 ft·lbf) per litre - 2005 Mazda RX-8 222 N·m (164 ft·lbf)

Petrol engine (forced-induction pistonless rotary engine) - MEP 28.4 bar, 241.38 N·m (178.0 ft·lbf) per litre - Mazda RX-7 Turbo 313.8 N·m (231 ft·lbf)

Diesel engine (naturally-aspirated) - MEP unknown, 71.88 N·m (53 ft·lbf) per litre - 1999 Nissan Sunny B15 2.2D 2.184 L 157 N·m (116 ft·lbf) Nissan YD engine

Diesel engine (forced-induction) - MEP 29 bar, 233 N·m (172 ft·lbf) per litre - 2008 Mercedes-Benz C-Class 250CDI BlueEfficiency 500 N·m (369 ft·lbf)..

Performance.Acceleration

Quickest 0 to 100 km/h (0 to 62 mph) - 2.3 seconds - 2010 Ariel Atom 500.Quickest 0 to 161 km/h (0 to 100 mph) - 4.5 seconds - 2010 Bugatti Veyron 16.4 SuperSport.

Quickest 0 to 200 km/h (0 to 124 mph) - 7.4 seconds - 2006 Bugatti Veyron 16.4 .

Quickest 0 to 300 km/h (0 to 186 mph) - 18.2 seconds - 2006 Bugatti Veyron 16.4 .

Quickest 0 to 400 km/h (0 to 249 mph) - 55 seconds - 2006 Bugatti Veyron 16.4 ..Top speedHighest top speed: Bugatti Veyron Super Sport - 431 km/h (268 mph)....Highest RedlineInternal Combustion Production Car: 2010 Ariel Atom 500 10,600 rpm

Electric Production Vehicle: 2008 Tesla Roadster 14,000 rpm

Firsts

Full-production vehicles are listed here. Many were preceded by racing-only cars. This list only includes developments that lead to widespread adoption across the automotive industry..IndustryFirst automobile manufacturer - Benz (1871), Panhard et Levassor (1889) (followed by Peugeot in 1891)

First standardized automobile - Benz Velo (1894) or Duryea Motor Wagon (1893)

First mass-produced automobile - Oldsmobile Curved Dash (1901)[citation needed]

First auto company technical institute - General Motors Institute

First automotive proving ground - Dodge Brothers Hamtramck, MI Test Track 1915.

Engine types

First V engine -1904 Marmon V8 engine (few produced)

First commercially successful V - 1910 de Dion CJ (V8)..

First straight engine -1903 Napier & Son straight-six engine (few produced).

Engine technologies

Engine configuration & other miscellaneous fundamental construction details

First variable displacement engine — 1905 Sturtevant 38/45 six

First diesel engined production car — 1935 Citroen Rosalie

First crankcase ventilation — 1926 Cadillac V8 engine

First flat engine — 1905 Knox

First square engine — 1906 Premier

First engine with removable cylinder head — 1908 Ford Model T

First counterbalanced crankshaft — 1908 Mercer Type 35

First split-plane crankshaft — 1923 Cadillac V8 engine

First gas turbine car — 1950 Rover JET 1 (experimental only; no gas turbine car ever reached real production)

First Miller cycle engine — 1996 Mazda Millenia

First Atkinson cycle engine — 1997 Toyota Prius

First Hydrogen vehicle — BMW Hydrogen 7 (Germany)[citation needed]

Wankel engines

First Wankel engine — 1964 NSU Spider

First 2-rotor Wankel engine — 1966 NSU Ro 80

First 3-rotor Wankel engine — 1988 Vaz 513.

First turbocharged Wankel engine — 1982 Mazda Luce / Cosmo

First front-wheel drive car with Wankel engine — 1966 NSU Ro 80

Valve train

First sleeve valve — 1909 Daimler (used Charles Knight 1903 design).

First overhead camshaft (OHC) engine — 1898 Wilkinson

First double overhead camshaft (DOHC) engine — 1921 Ballo multi-valve engines

First 3-valve engine — 1924 Bugatti Type 35

First 4-valve engine — 1913 Peugeot Grand Prix

First 5-valve engine — 1989 Oettinger - Germany 5V,[citation needed] 1989 Mitsubishi Dangan ZZ (Peugeot had a triple overhead cam 5-valve Grand Prix car in 1921).

First 6-valve engine — 1985 Maserati Biturbo 2.0 L V6 36v 261 hp (prototype)

First 3-valve diesel engine — 1989 Citroën XM

First 4-valve diesel engine — 1993 Mercedes-Benz C-Class (OM604 engine)

First multi-valve turbocharged engine — 1980 Maserati Biturbo AM452variable valve timing (VVT)

First VVT engine — 1980 Alfa Romeo Spider 2.0 L

First electronic VVT — 1987 Nissan 300ZR VG30DE NVCS V6

First cam-switching VVT — 1989 Honda Integra RSi/XSi B16A VTEC 1.6 L DOHC I4

First VVT passenger car diesel engine — 2010 Mitsubishi ASX 4N13 1.8 L DOHC I4

Aspiration

First supercharged car — 1921 Mercedes 6/25/40 hp

First turbocharged car — 1962 Oldsmobile F-85 Turbo Jetfire

First application of a wastegate to regulate a turbocharger's boost — 1975 Porsche 911 Turbo

First turbocharged diesel car — 1978 Mercedes-Benz 300SD[citation needed]

First variable-nozzle turbocharger — 1989 Shelby CSX-VNT / Garrett AiResearch

First twin-turbocharged car — Porsche 959

First quad-turbocharged car — Bugatti EB110

First supercharged and turbocharged car — 1985 Lancia Delta S4 (homologation special, 200 road cars produced for Group B regulations)

Fuel systems

First carburetor — 1896 Daimler

First carburetor air filter — 1915 Packard Twin Six

First automatic choke — 1932 Oldsmobile

First four-barrel carburetor — 1941 Buick fuel injection (FI)

First FI engine — 1910 Adams-Farwell Diesel

First non-diesel FI engine — 1952 Goliath GP 700 / Gutbrod Superior 600

First gasoline direct injection engine — 1952 Goliath GP 700 / Gotbrud Superior 600

First automotive application of Electronic Fuel Injection (EFI) — Bendix "ElectroJector" - Prototype / Test Mule 1957 Rambler (never officially produced for consumption), followed by Chrysler (et. al.) in 1958. Bosch developed their D-Jetronic FI from Bendix's design.

First electronic fuel injection — 1968 Bosch D-Jetronic - Volkswagen Type 3/Type 4

First Diesel direct injection engine — 1986 Fiat Croma Turbo D i.d..

First electronic gasoline direct injection — 1996 Mitsubishi Galant/Legnum 4G93 GDI I4First passenger car common rail diesel direct injection engine — 1997 Alfa Romeo 156 JTD

First turbocharged gasoline direct injection engine — 2005 Audi A3 Sportback.

First turbocharged diesel direct injection engine — 1986 Fiat Croma Turbo D i.d.ignition systems

First contact breaker point ignition — 1910 Cadillac Model Thirty / Delco

First electronic ignition — 1960 General Motors / Delco

First distributor-less ignition — Citroën 2CV?

general miscellany

First alternator — 1960 Chrysler Corporation, Plymouth Valiant

First California Ultra Low Emission Vehicle — 1995 Honda Accord

First California Super Ultra Low Emission Vehicle — 2000 Honda Accord 4-Cylinder .].Hybrid vehicles

First gas-electric hybrid - 1899 Lohner-Porsche Mixte (about 300 produced)

First modern hybrid car - 1904 Auto-Mixte (Belgium)

First mass-produced hybrid car - 1997 Toyota Prius

First hybrid bus - 1997 Hino (Japan)

First all-wheel drive hybrid - 2004 Ford Escape Hybrid

First hybrid SUV - 2004 Ford Escape Hybrid

First hybrid luxury car - 2005 Lexus RX 400h (introduced January 2004)

First mild hybrid pickup truck - 2005 Chevrolet Silverado/GMC Sierra Hybrid

First full hybrid pickup truck - 2009 Chevrolet Silverado/GMC Sierra Hybrid.Body

First sedan/saloon — 1900 Renault Voiturette

First motorized truck — October 1896 Daimler

First production closed-body car - 1910 Cadillac Model Thirty

First monocoque - 1924 Lancia Lambda

First shatter-resistant windshield glass - 1926 Cadillac

First coupé convertible - 1934 Peugeot 401 D Eclipse

First Pickup / Utility vehicle (Ute) - 1934 Ford Coupé utility

First fully boxed frame - 2004 Ford F150 (???)

First safety windshield - 1948 Tucker Torpedo (popout safety glass)

First fiberglass body - 1952 Woodill Wildfire (low production)

First fiberglass bodied 4-door Sedan - 1970 Anadol A2

First fiberglass bodied Station wagon / Estate car - 1973 Anadol SV-1600

First MPV - 1956 Fiat 600 Multipla

First minivan - 1984 Dodge Caravan / Plymouth Voyager (November 1983)

First retractable hardtop - 1934 Pourtout Lancia Belna Eclipse-coachbuilt

First hatchback - 1953 Aston Martin DB2/4

First fiberglass monocoque - 1956 Berkeley SA322

First Crossover - 1955 GAZ M72

First all-aluminium body - 1932 Riley Kestrel

First all-aluminium space frame - 1990 Honda NSX

First carbon fibre monocoque - 1993 McLaren F1

First stress-bearing engine acting like a structural member - 1995 Ferrari F50

First aerodynamic design - 1921 Rumpler Tropfenwagen

First body made of recycled material - 1954 Trabant P70

First tricar - 1902.

First cyclecar - 1910 GN/1910 Bédélia

First production station wagon (estate) - 1908 Ford Model T

First SUV - 1908 Ford Model T

First fully boxed frame [pick-up] - 2004 Ford F150 (???)

First single-piece carbon fibre monocoque - 2003 Invicta S1

.Transmission

Manual transmissions First synchronized transmission - 1929 Cadillac

First overdrive - 1934 Chrysler Airflow

First modern cone synchromesh transmission - 1952 Porsche 356

First 5-speed manual - 1948 Lancia Ardea

First 6-speed manual - 1967 Alfa Romeo 33 Stradale

First 8-speed manual - 1960 Moskvitch 410/411

Automatic transmissions

First automatic transmission - May 1939 Oldsmobile Hydra-Matic

First torque converter automatic - 1948 Buick Dynaflow

First non-planetary automatic - 1968 Honda Hondamatic

First 5-speed automatic - 1989 Nissan Cedric, Nissan Cefiro, Nissan Gloria, Nissan Skyline, Nissan Laurel,(RE5R01A, Jatco/Nissan transmission)

First 6-speed automatic - 2002 BMW E65 7-Series ZF 6HP26

First 7-speed automatic - 2003 Mercedes-Benz 7G-Tronic

First 8-speed automatic - 2007 Lexus LS 460

First limited slip differential - 1956 Studebaker (Note: In 1939, the Volkswagen Type 82 used a cam and pawl type differential which had a slip-limiting effect.)

First continuously variable transmission - 1958 DAF 600 "A-Type"

First toroidal continuously variable transmission - 1999 Nissan Cedric and Nissan Gloria

First dual clutch transmission - 2003 Volkswagen Golf Mk4 R32 (Direct-Shift Gearbox)

First active differential - 1986 Porsche 959 PSK (limited production of 200 vehicles).Layout

First FR layout car - 1895 Panhard et Levassor

First RR layout car - 1896 HertelFirst front-wheel drive - 1924 Tracta (Gregoire-Tracta)

First transverse front-wheel drive - 1931 DKW F1[citation needed]

First transverse front-wheel drive I5 - 1993 Volvo 850

First transverse front-wheel drive I6 - 1970 Austin Kimberley and Austin Tasman

First transverse all-wheel drive - 1968 Austin Ant (never entered production)

First four-wheel drive vehicle - 1910 Caldwell Vale or 1911 Four Wheel Drive

First four-wheel drive car - 1966 Jensen FF

First FR layout transaxle - 1950 Lancia Aurelia (the 1914 Stutz Bearcat featured a primitive transaxle)

First MR car - 1921 Rumpler Tropfenwagen

First MR four-wheel drive car - 1984 Ford RS200 (homologation special, 200 road cars produced for Group B regulations.).Suspension

First torsion bar suspension - 1921 Leyland

First front independent suspension - 1911 Morgan three wheeler

First hydraulic shock absorbers - 1933 Hudson (Monroe)

First coil spring / shock absorber suspension - 1934 Cadillac, Chrysler, and Hudson

First MacPherson strut suspension - 1949 Ford Vedette

First Chapman strut suspension - 1958 Lotus Elite

First air suspension - 1958 Cadillac Brougham

First self-levelling suspension - 1955 Citroën DS

First electronic adjustable suspension dampers - 1981 Nissan Skyline

First electronically-controlled suspension - 1983 Toyota Soarer (Japan-market model) / 1983 Mitsubishi Galant ECS

First active air suspension - 1987 Mitsubishi Galant active ECSFirst active hydraulic suspension - 1990 Nissan Infiniti Q45a (FAS-fully active suspension)

First active anti-roll bars - 1994 Citroen Xantia Activa (Active Roll Stabilisation).Brakes

First four wheel brakes - 1909 Argyll (developed by Arrol-Johnson)

First power brakes - 1919 Hispano-Suiza H6 (mechanically assisted)

First four wheel power brakes - 1919 Hispano-Suiza H6[26]

First vacuum-assist power brakes - 1928 Pierce-Arrow

First hydraulic power brakes - 1921 Duesenberg Model A

First standard disc brakes - 1949 Crosley Hot Shot

First antilock braking system - 1966 Jensen FF (Dunlop Maxaret system, previously used in aviation)

First electrical antilock braking system - 1969 Lincoln Continental Mark III

First electronic antilock braking system - 1971 Nissan President

First electric parking brake - 2002 BMW E65/E66

First diagonally split, dual brake circuits - 1962 Saab 95/96

First asbestos-free brake pads - 1983 Saab Automobile

First electro-hydraulic brakes - 2002 Mercedes-Benz E-Class / 2001 Toyota Prius

First regenerative brakes - 1997 Toyota Prius.Driver-aids

First standard rear-view mirror - 1912 Marmon

First power steering - 1951 Imperial

First cruise control - 1957 Imperial

First traction control system/anti slip regulation - 1971 Buick LeSabre (MaxTrac)

First drive-by-wire throttle - 1988 BMW 750iL

First electrochromic rear-view mirror - 1989 Lexus LS

First Rain-Sensing Windshield Wipers - 1984 Nissan 200SX/Nissan Silvia

First dynamic stability control system/Electronic Stability Programme/Vehicle Stability Control - 1995 BMW 7-Series/Mercedes-Benz CL-Class/Toyota Crown Majesta

First adaptive cruise control - 1997 Toyota Celsior

First heads-up display - 1988 Oldsmobile Cutlass Supreme/1988 Nissan Silvia

First factory GPS navigation - 1990 Mazda Cosmo, 1986 GT Limited Toyota Soarer

First night vision - Mercedes-Benz S Class

First power door locks - 1914 Scripps-Booth

First self parking - 2004 Toyota Prius

First Blind Spot Intervention System - 2009 Ford Escape/Taurus

First Synchronized down shift rev-matching system - 2009 Nissan 370Z/Nissan Fairlady Z.Passive RestraintFirst car to come standard with safety belts - 1958 Saab GT 750 .Active restraintFirst airbags - 1974 Oldsmobile Toronado

First car to come standard with dual airbags - 1988 Porsche 944 Turbo

First six-airbag system - 1994 Audi A8

First head airbags - 1997 BMW 7-Series

First side airbags - 1995 Volvo 850.Tires/Tyres

First use of pneumatic tires - 1895 Peugeot L'Eclair (Michelin)

First standard pneumatic tires - 1896 Bollée Voiturette

First radial-ply tires - 1949 Michelin "X" (patented in 1946)

First self-repairing tires - 1950 Goodyear

First run flat tire - 1974 Mini 1275GT (Dunlop Denovo; optional).Lighting

First electrical lighting - 1898 Columbia electric

First standard lights - 1904 "Prest-O-Lite" acetylene

First standard electrical lights - 1908 Peerless

First integrated electrical and lighting system - 1912 Cadillac Model 1912 Delco

First "dipping" headlights - 1915 Guide Lamp Company

First dual-beam headlight - 1924 Bilux

First retractable headlights - 1936 Cord[citation needed]

First directional headlamps - 1930s Tatra

First fog lights - 1938 Cadillac

First auto-dimming headlights - 1952 Cadillac Autronic Eye

First auto-on/off headlights - 1964 Cadillac Twilight Sentinel

First headlight wipers - 1970 Saab (95, 96, 99) [30]

First AC HID lights - 1991 BMW 7-series

First DC HID lights - 1997 Lincoln Mark VIII

First neon lights - 1997 Lincoln Mark VIII

First all-LED tail lights - 1998 Maserati 3200 GT

First bi-xenon HID headlamps - 1998 Audi A8

First low beam, front position light and sidemarker LED headlights - 2008 Lexus LS600h

First all-LED headlights - 2008 Audi R8.Electrical system

First magneto - 1897 Lanchester

First twin-spark engine - 1921 Bentley 3 Litre

First electric self-starter - Arnold (copy of the Benz Velo) before 1900.

First electric windows - 1938 Buick Y-Job

First combination key and ignition switch - 1949 Chrysler

First AC alternator - 1960 Valiant

First sealed battery - 1971 Pontiac "Freedom Battery"

First multiplexed wiring - 1987 Cadillac Allanté

First integrated car systems control - 1987 Toyota Soarer (Electro Multi Vision)

First 12 volt system - 1949 Chevrolet.Climate control

First windshield defroster - 1928 Studebaker

First windshield washer - 1937 Studebaker

First air conditioning - 1938 Studebaker Commander

First rear window defogger - 1948 Cadillac

First heated seats - 1966 Cadillac

First automatic climate control - 1964 Cadillac

First digital climate control - 1975 Rolls-Royce Camargue

First ventilated seats - 1998 Saab 9-5.In-car electronics and entertainment

First original-equipment radio - 1923 Springfield

First navigation system - August 1981 Honda Accord (analog, dealer-installed)First navigation system with voice controls - 2002 Infiniti Q45

First digital navigation system - 1990 Acura Legend

First GPS navigation system - 1990 Mazda Eunos Cosmo

First active audio volume control - 1990 Chevrolet Corvette Bose/Delco Gold Series

First telematics assist system - 1996 tie 1997-model Cadillac Seville (OnStar) and Lincoln Continental (Motorola RESCU)

First Bluetooth-capable audio system - 2000 Chrysler

First MP3-capable audio system - 2001 Mazda Protegé MP3

First active noise cancellation - 2005 Acura RL

First steering wheel mounted audio controls - 1984 Nissan 300ZX AE

First front auxiliary input (for iPod/MP3 devices) (OEM systems) - 2006 Chevrolet.OtherFirst steering wheel - 1899 Packard

First speedometer - 1901 Oldsmobile

First tilt-away steering wheel - 1912 Peerless

First dash-mounted fuel tank gauge - 1914 Studebaker

First tilt-away steering column - 1928 Buick

First turn signals - 1939 Buick

First split folding rear seats - 1959 Auto Union Universal (Fiat patented the system in 1978)

First tilt/telescope steering wheel - 1965 Cadillac

First electronic four wheel steering - 1985 Nissan Skyline HICAS

First mechanical four wheel steering - 1988 Honda Prelude 4WS

First composite wheels - 1989 Shelby CSX

First active exhaust - 1991 Mitsubishi 3000GTFirst Production Car To Achieve 200 MPH 1987 Ferrari F40.Pre-WarBest-selling pre-war vehicle - Ford Model-T (15,000,000 sold between 1908 and 1928)

Least-expensive full-featured automobile - 1927 Ford Model-T ($300 is about $3500 in inflation-adjusted 2005 dollars)

Largest vehicle - Bugatti Royale - 21 ft (6.4 m) long, 180 in (4.57 m) or 170 in (4.32 m) wheelbase depending on model

Largest pre-war Straight-4 - 21495 cc (1312 in3) - 1912 Benz 82/200

Largest pre-war Straight-6 - 21112 cc (1288 in3) - 1905 Panhard et Levassor 50 CV

Largest pre-war Straight-8 - 12763 cc (779 in³) - 1929 Bugatti Royale production car; the prototype had a 14726 cc engine

Largest pre-war V12 - 11310 cc (690 in³) - 1933 Hispano-Suiza Type 68bis